Method, apparatus and system for communication in non-terrestrial networks
By associating timing information with NT-TRP position information, the detection reliability of SS/PBCH blocks in NTN systems is improved through precise frame and symbol positioning, addressing the challenges of long distances and movement in NTN systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/093884
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-22
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-28
AI Technical Summary
The reliability of detecting synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blocks is unreliable in non-terrestrial network (NTN) systems due to the long distance and movement of non-terrestrial transmit and receive points (NT-TRPs).
The timing information of SS/PBCH blocks is associated with the position information of NT-TRPs, allowing for more accurate arrival timing detection by incorporating position information into frame boundary design, slot, and symbol location, thereby improving detection reliability.
This approach enhances the reliability of detecting SS/PBCH blocks in NTN systems by ensuring timely and accurate reception, reducing detection complexity and time.
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Figure CN2024093884_28082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATION IN NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The present application claims priority to, United States provisional patent application Serial No. 63 / 556,721, entitled "Method, Apparatus, and System for Initial Access in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) " , filed on February 22, 2024 and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus and system for communication in non-terrestrial networks.BACKGROUND
[0004] In the fifth generation (5G) system, a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block (which may be also referred to as an SSB) can be used for downlink synchronization. A terrestrial transmit and receive point (T-TRP) can transmit SS / PBCH blocks to an electronic device (ED) (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) , where the SS / PBCH blocks may be at a fixed location in a frame. The ED can detect the SS / PBCH blocks based on the fixed location.
[0005] With the development of non-terrestrial network (NTN) systems, an ED may connect to a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) . The NT-TRP may transmit SS / PBCH blocks to the ED. However, due to the long distance between the ED and the NT-TRP and the NT-TRP may be constantly in movement, it’s unreliable for the ED to detect the SS / PBCH blocks in NTN systems.
[0006] Therefore, an urgent technical problem that needs to be solved is how to improve the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block by an ED in an NTN system.SUMMARY
[0007] Embodiments of the present application provide a method, apparatus and system for communication in NTN, where the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block by an ED in an NTN system can be improved.
[0008] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by an ED or a chip of the ED. The method includes: receiving a first SS / PBCH block from a NT-TRP, where the first NT-TRP includes timing information of the first SS / PBCH block within a first frame.
[0009] According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a first NT-TRP or a chip of the first NT-TRP. The method includes: determining timing information of a first SS / PBCH block within a first frame; and transmitting the first SS / PBCH block based on the timing information to an electronic device (ED) , where the first SS / PBCH block includes the timing information.
[0010] According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by an ED or a chip of the ED. The method includes: receiving timing information of a first SS / PBCH block within a first frame from a first NT-TRP; and receiving the first SS / PBCH block from the first NT-TRP.
[0011] According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a first NT-TRP or a chip of the first NT-TRP. The method includes: determining timing information of a first SS / PBCH block; transmitting the timing information to an ED; and transmitting the first SS / PBCH block to the ED.
[0012] According to the above technical solution, the ED may obtain timing information of a first SS / PBCH block within the first frame from the first NT-TRP, so that the ED may know the relatively accurate arrival timing of the first SS / PBCH block and the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block in NTN system can be improved.
[0013] With reference to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect or the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the timing information is associated with position information of the first NT-TRP.
[0014] According to the above technical solution, the timing information may be designed based on the position information of the first NT-TRP, making the ED receive the first SS / PBCH block more reliable.
[0015] In some implementations, a boundary of the first frame may be associate with the position information, where the boundary of the first frame is a timing when the first frame is received by the ED. According to the above technical solution, the timing information and / or the boundary of the first frame is associated with position information of the first NT-TRP. In other words, a position of the first SS / PBCH block in the first frame may be associated with the position information of the first NT-TRP, rather than in a fixed position in the first frame. The reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block in NTN system can be improved. A frame boundary of the first frame may be associated with the position information of the first NT-TRP, the frame transmission design takes position information into account, which improves the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block in NTN system.
[0016] With reference to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect or the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the timing information indicates a slot in the first frame, wherein the first SS / PBCH block is located in the slot.
[0017] According to the above technical solution, the slot where the first SS / PBCH block is located can be designed based on the position information of the first NT-TRP, and the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block in NTN system can be improved.
[0018] With reference to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect or the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the timing information further indicates one or more symbols occupied by the first SS / PBCH block.
[0019] According to the above technical solution, the one or more symbols where the first SS / PBCH block is located can be designed based on the position information of the first NT-TRP, and the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block in NTN system can be improved.
[0020] With reference to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect or the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the position of the first SS / PBCH block in the first frame and the frame boundary of the first frame meet a condition, where the frame boundary of the first frame is a timing when the first frame is received by the ED.
[0021] For example, the condition is used to make the first SS / PBCH block received at a certain time or in a certain time range.
[0022] With reference to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect or the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the condition includes: a sum of a first duration and a second duration is in a range or equal to a threshold, the first duration is from a timing when the first frame is transmitted by the first NT-TRP to the frame boundary of the first frame, and the second duration is from the frame boundary of the first frame to start timing of the first SS / PBCH block.
[0023] According to the above technical solution, the sum of a first duration and a second duration is in a range or equal to a threshold, which means that the first SS / PBCH block can be received at a certain time or in a certain time range. The range or the threshold can be known to the ED so that the ED can receive the first SS / PBCH block reliably.
[0024] With reference to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect or the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, a position of a second SS / PBCH block in a second frame and a frame boundary of the second frame meet the condition, and the second frame is from a second NT-TRP.
[0025] For example, the ED may receive multiple SS / PBCH blocks from multiple NT-TRPs, a position of each SS / PBCH block and the frame boundary of the corresponding frame may meet the condition.
[0026] According to the above technical solution, multiple SS / PBCH blocks from multiple NT-TRPs may be received by the ED at the same time or in the same range. The ED may reduce the time to detect SS / PBCH blocks so that the complexity of detecting SS / PBCH blocks by the ED can be reduced.
[0027] With reference to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect or the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the positioning information includes one or more of: first information that indicates a relative distance between the first NT-TRP and a reference point; and second information that indicates a relative direction between the first NT-TRP and the reference point.
[0028] Please note that positioning information and position information can be exchangeable in this disclosure.
[0029] According to the above technical solution, the timing information of the first SS / PBCH block may be associated with a relative distance and / or a relative direction between the first NT-TRP and a reference point. The long-distance between the first NT-TRP and the ground, and / or the constantly movement of the first NT-TRP are considered, which improve the reliability of detecting SS / PBCH blocks by the ED in NTN system.
[0030] With reference to the first aspect or the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first information is obtained from one or more of: DMRS of the first SS / PBCH block and PBCH payload of the first SS / PBCH block.
[0031] With reference to the third aspect or the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the timing information is included in a system information block (SIB) .
[0032] According to the above technical solution, the ED may obtain the timing information based on decoding of the PBCH or the SIB.
[0033] According to a fifth aspect, an ED is provided. The ED includes a function or unit configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect.
[0034] According to a sixth aspect, a NT-TRP is provided. The NT-TRP includes a function or unit configured to perform the method according to the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect.
[0035] According to a seventh aspect, an ED is provided. The ED includes a function or unit configured to perform the method according to the third aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the third aspect.
[0036] According to an eighth aspect, a NT-TRP is provided. The NT-TRP includes a function or unit configured to perform the method according to the fourth aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the fourth aspect.
[0037] According to a ninth aspect, a system is provided. The system includes: the ED according to the third aspect and the NT-TRP according to the fourth aspect.
[0038] According to a tenth aspect, a system is provided. The system includes: the ED according to the fifth aspect and the NT-TRP according to the sixth aspect.
[0039] According to an eleventh aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes at least one processor, and the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory. The at least one memory is configured to store a computer program or one or more instructions. The at least one processor is configured to: invoke the computer program or the one or more instructions from the at least one memory and run the computer program or the one or more instructions, so that the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the first aspect or the possible implementations of the first aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the second aspect or the possible implementations of the second aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect.
[0040] With reference to the eleventh aspect, in some implementations of the eleventh aspect, the communication apparatus may be a NT-TRP or a component (for example, a chip or an integrated circuit) installed in the NT-TRP. For another example, the communication apparatus may be an ED or a component (for example, a chip or an integrated circuit) installed in the ED.
[0041] According to a twelfth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes a processor and a communications interface. The processor is connected to the communications interface. The processor is configured to execute one or more instructions, and the communications interface is configured to communicate with other network elements under the control of the processor. The processor is enabled to perform the method according to the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect.
[0042] According to a thirteenth aspect, a computer storage medium is provided. The computer storage medium stores program code, and the program code is used to execute one or more instructions for the method according to the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect.
[0043] According to a fourteenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product including one or more instructions, where when the computer program product runs on a computer, the computer performs the method according to the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect.
[0044] According to a fifteenth aspect, this application provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instruction the instructions causing a processor in a device to implement the method according to the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect.
[0045] According to a sixteenth aspect, this application provides a device configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect.
[0046] According to a seventeenth aspect, this application provides a processor, configured to execute instructions to cause a device to perform the method according to the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect.
[0047] According to an eighteenth aspect, this application provides an integrated circuit configure to perform the method according to the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect.
[0048] According to a nineteenth aspect, this application provides a communication apparatus, comprising a transceiver unit, configured to perform the receiving step according to the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect.
[0049] According to a twentieth aspect, this application provides a communication apparatus, comprising a transceiver unit, configured to perform the transmitting step according to the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect, and a processing unit, configured to perform the processing step according to the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect.
[0050] According to a twenty-first aspect, this application provides a communication apparatus, comprising a transceiver unit, configured to perform the receiving step according to the third aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the third aspect.
[0051] According to a twenty-second aspect, this application provides a communication apparatus, comprising a transceiver unit, configured to perform the transmitting step according to the fourth aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the fourth aspect, and a processing unit, configured to perform the processing step according to the fourth aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the fourth aspect.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0052] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to this application.
[0053] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communications system 100.
[0054] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED and a base station.
[0055] FIG. 4 illustrates example of apparatus 410;
[0056] FIG. 5 illustrates example of apparatus 510;
[0057] FIG. 6 illustrates a first example of communication system that comprises NT-TRPs and T-TRPs;
[0058] FIG. 7 illustrates a second example of communication system that comprises NT-TRPs and T-TRPs;
[0059] FIG. 8 illustrates a third example of communication system that comprises NT-TRPs and T-TRPs;
[0060] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of communication links of an NT-TRP;
[0061] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of multiple NT-TRPs each corresponding to different Zenith angles transmitting SS / PBCH blocks towards the ground;
[0062] FIG. 11A is a schematic flow chart of a communication method according to embodiments of this application;
[0063] FIG. 11B is another schematic flow chart of a communication method according to embodiments of this application;
[0064] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of multiple NT-TRPs transmitting frames towards the ground according to method 1100;
[0065] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of multiple locations of SS / PBCH blocks according to method 1100;
[0066] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an NT-TRP transmitting an SS / PBCH block at Zenith= -20;
[0067] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an NT-TRP transmitting an SS / PBCH block at Zenith= -10;
[0068] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an NT-TRP transmitting an SS / PBCH block at Zenith= 0;
[0069] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an NT-TRP transmitting an SS / PBCH block at Zenith= 10;
[0070] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an NT-TRP transmitting an SS / PBCH block at Zenith= 20;
[0071] FIG. 19 shows that a given NT-TRP transmits a system frame and the system frame includes an SS / PBCH block in the middle of the 3rd slot;
[0072] FIG. 20 shows an SS / PBCH block whose first OFDM symbol is located on the 6th OFDM symbol within the 3rd slot (or called Slot#2) of the system frame;
[0073] FIG. 21 illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure a master information block (MIB) ;
[0074] FIG. 22 illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure a system information block1 (SIB1) ; and
[0075] FIGs. 23-24 are schematic block diagrams of possible devices according to embodiments of this application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0076] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0077] The technical solutions in embodiments of this application may be applied to various communications systems, such as a fifth generation (5G) wireless communications system, a new ratio (NR) wireless communications system, a sixth generation (6G) wireless communications system, or other evolving communications systems.
[0078] For ease of understanding the embodiments of this application, a communications system shown in FIGs. 1-3 is first used as an example to describe in detail a communications system to which the embodiments of this application are applicable.
[0079] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0080] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 (which may be a wireless system) comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network (RAN) 120 may be a next generation (e.g. 6th generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3th generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) ) radio access network. In some implementations, 6G radio access refers to the next generation air interface of standards which may comprise both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) , and more details will be illustrated below. One or more communication electronic device (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (could be generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, could be generically referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. A core network (CN) 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. The communication system 100 may also comprise a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0081] In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The communication system 100 may provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services, massive machine type communication (mMTC) services, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, massive communication, Hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication and other services that can be provide by the future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services / applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0082] The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0083] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in what may be considered a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.
[0084] The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system.
[0085] FIG. 2 illustrates more detailed example for communication system 100. Same as in the example shown in FIG. 2, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the communication system 100 may include ED 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (could be generically referred to as ED 110) , and RAN 120a, 120b. In addition, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The communication system 100 may also include one or more of a CN 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a, 120b include respective network nodes 170a, 170b such as base stations 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial network (TN) device or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) . Please note, unless otherwise described, TRP and base station may have a same meaning, and can be replaced with each other throughout the application. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b are base stations attached to the ground, e.g., mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as base station 172, which may be generically referred to as a NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172. The NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground. A flying base station is an example. A flying base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. Non-limiting examples of flying devices include airborne platforms (such as a blimp or an airship, for example) , balloons, quadcopters and other aerial vehicles. In some implementations, a flying base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone or a quadcopter. A flying base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms is yet another example of a non-terrestrial base station, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0086] Note that “TRP” , as used herein, may refer to a T-TRP or a NT-TRP unless other understandings are specially noted. A T-TRP may alternatively be called as a “TN TRP” and a NT-TRP may alternatively be called as a NTN TRP. As may be surmised on the basis of similarity in reference numerals, the NTN 120c may be considered to be a radio access network (RAN) , with operational aspects in common with the RANs 120a, 120b. In another implementation, the NTN 120c may include at least one non-terrestrial network device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device, wherein the at least one non-terrestrial network device works as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device works as a RAN node, which communicates with the ED via the non-terrestrial network device. In addition, there may be a NTN gateway in the ground (i.e., referred as a terrestrial network device) also as a transport layer device to communication with both the NTN device, and the RAN node communicates with the ED via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located in the same device.
[0087] A base station (also referred to TRP as stated above) is a network element in radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the user equipment. base station may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170a-170b may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The method in this application applied to a base station side, can be understood as, for example, the method is applied in the base station or a communications module in the base station, a circuit or chip that is responsible for one or more communications functions in the base station (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip including a modem core, or System in Package (SIP) ) .
[0088] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b transmits and / or receives wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may responsible for allocating / configuring resources and transmission / reception in a set of cells. Cell is a Radio network object that can be uniquely identified from a (cell) identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A Cell can be either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may also refer to the carrier frequencies within the DL / UL carrier bandwidth resources of a single standalone carrier or a component carrier in a carrier aggregation mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some implementations, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some implementations, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is exemplary only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0089] Any base station may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or may be included in a same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may also have different names, but a person skilled in the art may understand meanings thereof. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may also be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may also be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may also be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented by using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0090] Further, communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses in various embodiments of this application may refer to direct communication between different devices / apparatuses (that is, no forwarding is required by another device / apparatuses) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, forwarding is required by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, it may refer to that a functional unit inside the device / apparatus communicates with another device / apparatus by using another functional unit. In other words, "sending / transmitting information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this application may be understood as that a destination endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station. It may include sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as that a source endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station, and may include directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Necessary processing such as format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. Similar descriptions in this application may be understood similarly. Details are not described herein again.
[0091] The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0092] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The method in this application applied to an ED side, can be understood as, for example, the method is applied in an ED or a communications module in an ED, a circuit or chip that is responsible for one or more communications functions in an ED (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip including a modem core, or System in Package (SIP) ) .
[0093] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0094] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may communicate an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0095] An air interface (e.g., 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as ED and base station. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (e.g., data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology.
[0096] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the ED 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0097] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (e.g., radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
[0098] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by CN 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0099] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprising a sensing agent (not shown in the figure) to manage the sensed data from ED110 and or the any one of TRPs 170 a-170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent is located in the any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node which has interface to communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (e.g., the any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172) .
[0100] FIG. 3 illustrates example of an Apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with apparatus 320 in a communication system, e.g., the communication system 100, according to one embodiment. The Apparatus 310 may be an ED 110 in FIG. 2. The Apparatus 320 may be a T-TRP 170 as shown in FIG. 2 or a NT-TRP 172 as shown in FIG. 2. Although there are only one Apparatus 310, one Apparatus 320 in FIG. 3, please note that the number of Apparatus 310 and / or 320 could be one or more. For example, one ED 110 may be served by only one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP 172) , by more than one T-TRP 170, by more than one NT-TRP 172, or by one or more T-TRP 170 and one or more NT-TRP172. Similarly, one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP172) may serve one or more ED 110.
[0101] As shown in FIG. 3, apparatus 310 includes at least one processor 210. Only one processor 210 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include at least one memory 208. Only the transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components.
[0102] The memory 208 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also stores data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 210.
[0103] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, etc.
[0104] The processor 210 performs (or controlling the apparatus 310 to perform) operations described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. As illustrated below and elsewhere in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform receiving transport blocks (TBs) , using a resource for decoding of one of the received TBs, releasing the resource for decoding of another of the received TBs, and / or receiving configuration information configuring a resource. In details, the operation may include those operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320; those operations related to processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320; and those operations related to processing SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0105] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0106] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in the memory 208) .
[0107] As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus 320 include at least one processor 260. Only one processor 260 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The apparatus 320 may further include at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include at least one memory 258. The apparatus 320 may further include scheduler 253. Only the transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components.
[0108] In some implementations, the parts of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (thereby also can be viewed as one of more nodes) , and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to nodes on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatus 320s. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, e.g. through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0109] The processor 260 performs operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 performs other network side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer in addition to physical layer processing. The apparatus 320 may further comprise scheduler 253 coupled to the processor 260 or integrated in the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the apparatus 320a. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (e.g., “configured grant” ) resources.
[0110] The apparatus 320a may further includes a memory 258 storing instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also stores data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320a. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0111] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0112] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in the memory 258.
[0113] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0114] Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (e.g., the TRP 170a-b, 172 in FIG. 2) and a UE or sensing device (e.g., ED 110 in figure 2) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (e.g., between ED 110a and ED110b in FIG. 2) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (e.g., between ED 110a and ED110b in figure 2) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (e.g., higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher-layer signaling may be radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control –control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0115] It should be noted that in present application, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0116] FIG. 4 illustrates example of apparatus 410. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a communication module in ED 110 in FIG. 2, or apparatus 310 in FIG. 3. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 is a circuit or chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip including a modem core, or System in Package (SIP) ) that is responsible for one or more communications functions in ED 110. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a communication module in one of TRPs 170a-170b, 172 in FIG. 2, or apparatus 320 in FIG. 3. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 is a circuit or chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip including a modem core, or System in Package (SIP) ) that is responsible for one or more communications functions in one of TRPs 170a-170b, 172.
[0117] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors / processor cores 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors / processor cores 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors / processor cores 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413, to implement related operations (for example, ... ) in the foregoing method embodiments. In this disclosure, that the memory 413 is configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors / processor cores 411; or the memory 413 may be configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. The part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data include / includes computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. The memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors / processor cores 411 to perform related operations in the foregoing method embodiments. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with other apparatus / system such as a radio frequency processing apparatus, or processor system. Optionally, to reduce a load of the processor core, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0118] Apparatus 410 may be processor 210 (or 260) in apparatus 310 (or 320) in FIG. 3, or included in processor 210 (or 260) in apparatus 310 (or 320) in FIG. 3. Apparatus 410 may be or include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, a SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0119] FIG. 5 illustrates example of apparatus 510. As shown in FIG. 5, apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods embodiments according to this application. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 514 configured to store apparatus program code and / or data.
[0120] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a communications module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be implemented as apparatus 310, accordingly, the processing unit 512 is implemented as processor 210, the communication unit 513 is implemented as transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203, and the storage unit 511 is implemented as memory 208.
[0121] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a communications module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be implemented as apparatus 320, accordingly, the processing unit 512 is implemented as processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) , the communication unit 513 is implemented as transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254, and the storage unit 511 is implemented as memory 258.
[0122] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 in FIG. 2 or a communications module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0123] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, for example, a modem chip, a system on chip SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system that is in the chip and that includes one or more processors or processor cores. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the foregoing chip.
[0124] It may be understood that division into the units in the foregoing apparatus is merely logical function division. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into one physical entity, or may be distributed in different physical entities. In addition, the foregoing functional units may be implemented in a form of hardware, may be implemented in a form of software, or may be implemented in a form of a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is performed in a form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.
[0125] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the foregoing apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the foregoing methods, for example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (central processing units, CPUs) , one or more microprocessors (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate arrays, FPGAs) , or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
[0126] In an example, the storage unit 901 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0127] A processor, a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core may be collectively referred to as a processor. The processor may include one or a combination of a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU) , a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP) , a microprocessor (microprocessor unit, MPU) , a microcontroller (microcontroller unit, MCU) , a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU) , a field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) , an artificial intelligence processor (artificial intelligence processor, AI processor) , or a neural network processing unit (neural network processing unit, NPU) .
[0128] The memory may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (random access memory, RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (phase-change memory, PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache (cache) , a register (register) , a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk (hard disk) , and the like. In an example, the computer program instructions used to execute the foregoing embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of the memory 1060 (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When the terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of the memory 1036 and / or the memory 10312 (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache (cache) , or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0129] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, the T-TRP 170, and the NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0130] As aforementioned, an NT-TRP may communicate with one or more of: the other NT-TRP, the core network, the ED, and T-TRP directly or indirectly.
[0131] In some embodiments, an NT-TRP may communicate with another NT-TRP. For example, the NT-TRP (e.g., satellites) communicate between each other using free-space optical links (e.g., lasers) .
[0132] In some embodiments, an NT-TRP may communicate with the core network (e.g., function (s) in the core network) . For example, the NT-TRP may communicate with the core network with a gateway. The gateway may be a terrestrial gateway or non-terrestrial gateway which may be dedicated to the NT-TRP. The gateway may be located on the ground. The NT-TRP may communicate with the gateway using a wireless link, and the gateway may communicate with the core network using a wired link (e.g., fiber optical link) . This is not limited to this application.
[0133] In some embodiments, an NT-TRP may communicate with a T-TRP. For example, the T-TRP may communicate with the NT-TRP using a wireless link. For another example, the T-TRP and the NT-TRP may communicate through the core network. The T-TRP communicates with the core network, and the core network communicates with the NT-TRP.
[0134] In some embodiments, an NT-TRP may communicate with an end device (e.g., UE) . In the first example, the NT-TRP may communicate with the UE using a wireless link. In a second example, the NT-TRP may communicate with the UE through the core network. In a third example, the NT-TRP may communicate with the UE through T-TRP.
[0135] The present invention is aimed at devices such as UEs, IoT devices, cars, etc. The type of network scenarios envisioned may include terrestrial TRPs such as base stations and / or non-terrestrial TRPs such as drones, balloons, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) , satellites, and any such devices that support radio access technologies such as 5G NR, future 6G or other technologies.
[0136] For illustrative purposes, some of examples are given in conjunction with FIG. 6 to FIG. 10.
[0137] FIG. 6 illustrates a first example of the communication system that comprises NT-TRPs and T-TRPs. One possible scenario is that terrestrial TRPs are communicating with non-terrestrial TRPs that are part of a satellite constellation. A satellite constellation comprises a plurality of satellite orbits such that Earth is always provided with wireless coverage from the satellites, and each satellite orbit may have a plurality of satellites in it. Terrestrial TRPs may be connected to the core network through terrestrial gateways while satellite constellations may be connected to the core network through dedicated non-terrestrial gateways. Devices such as EDs may connect and communicate with a terrestrial TRP or with a non-terrestrial TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0138] FIG. 7 illustrates a second example of the communication system that comprises NT-TRPs and T-TRPs. Another possible scenario may be envisioned where the Satellite constellation effectively acts as the Gateway for terrestrial TRPs on the ground. Satellites in the satellite constellation communicate with the Core Network through Gateways located on the ground using a wireless link, while the Gateways on the ground may use a wired link (e.g. fiber optical link) to communicate with the Core Network. Terrestrial TRPs communicate with satellites using a wireless link and satellites communicate with each-other using free-space optical links (using e.g. lasers) . Devices such as EDs may connect and communicate with a terrestrial TRP or with a non-terrestrial TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0139] FIG. 8 illustrates a third example of the communication system that comprises NT-TRPs and T-TRPs. Another scenario may be envisioned where the non-terrestrial TRPs communicate with terrestrial TRPs through the Core Network. Non-terrestrial TRPs may first communicate with dedicated non-terrestrial Gateways, which then communicate with the Core Network. The Core Network may then relay the power-saving commands from non-terrestrial TRPs to terrestrial TRPs via dedicated terrestrial Gateways. Devices such as EDs may connect and communicate with a terrestrial TRP or with a non-terrestrial TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0140] In this application there may be a bi-directional wireless link between terrestrial TRPs and non-terrestrial TRPs, allowing such TRPs to communicate with each other. The link from the non-terrestrial TRP to the terrestrial TRP is referred to as the downward link. The link from the terrestrial TRP to the non-terrestrial TRP is referred to as the upward link.
[0141] For illustrative purposes, specific example embodiments will now be explained in greater detail in conjunction with the figures and above mentioned system, ED, and TRP.
[0142] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0143] In traditional cellular systems such as 5G NR, the ED can receive, detect, and measure reference signals such as SS / PBCH blocks and NZP-CSI-RS. Such reference signals are based on pseudo-random noise (PRN) binary sequences such as Gold sequences and those sequences may be initialized using common or ED-specific scrambling identities. As an example, primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) sequences are initialized using the physical cell identity (PCI) value, which is a common scrambling identity. NZP-CSI-RS sequences are initialized using ED-specific scrambling identities, which are configured by the network to the ED.
[0144] The prior art introduces support for non-terrestrial networks by introducing several enhancements on the timing relationships for the timing advance, the reference timing for channel state information (CSI) resources, the transmission timing of DCIs scheduling PUSCH, the transmission timing of random access response carried by a PUSCH, the transmission timing of HARQ-ACK on a PUCCH.
[0145] Initial access in the prior art is based on the usage of SS / PBCH blocks and the so-called “SS burst” . An SS burst is defined as a set of SS / PBCH blocks that are transmitted by a given TRP in different angular directions, and each angular direction would correspond to some Tx / Rx beam (or equivalently a Tx / Rx spatial filter) . Each SS / PBCH block has an “SSB index” which corresponds to a time location within the SS burst. The ED attempts to detect and decode different SS / PBCH blocks, this process is known as “beam sweeping” and the ED will select the SS / PBCH block with the best quality and attempt to perform initial access using that SS / PBCH block.
[0146] The prior art introduces support for non-terrestrial networks by introducing several enhancements on the timing relationships for the timing advance, the reference timing for CSI resources, the transmission timing of DCIs scheduling PUSCH, the transmission timing of random access response carried by a PUSCH, the transmission timing of HARQ-ACK on a PUCCH.
[0147] The prior art also introduces a solution combining closed-loop and open-loop timing advance compensation, where the closed-loop part is controlled by the network and the open-loop part is carried out by the ED. The compensation from the ED may be based on the knowledge of the satellite’s ephemeris (e.g. parameters such as the satellite’s orbital angles) .
[0148] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of communication links of an NT-TRP.
[0149] NTN support was introduced allowing EDs to support DL / UL communication with satellites using the so-called "bent-pipe" scenario, where a ground station transmits signals towards satellites in space, and satellites reflect signals back to EDs on the ground. In the "bent-pipe" scenario the base station is located behind an NTN gateway on the ground, the NTN gateway sends a transmission towards the satellite (this link is called the “feeder” link) and the satellite transmits the transmission towards EDs on the ground (this link is called the “service” link) .
[0150] Dedicating signaling related to NTN was introduced in order to assist EDs with NTN operation. Higher-layer signaling such as RRC introduces signaling satellite ephemeris, satellite position, satellite signal polarization, timing advance offsets, satellite system information block (SIB) , and satellite epochs in order to support NTN operation. Other features that were introduced were the extension of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) processes to 32 in order to accommodate for large propagation delay scenarios and the disabling of HARQ-ACK feedback.
[0151] In the prior art, NTN support was further enhanced to introduce coverage enhancements for NTN, network-verified ED location, as well as support TN to NTN and NTN to NTN mobility scenarios. Satellites transmit multiple beams towards the ground and each beam may be associated with a given “physical cell identity” . in addition, the satellites transmit beams in a “fixed” manner, where “fixed” means that the satellite isn’ t steering its beams towards a given direction, instead the beams “slide” on the surface of Earth and thus appear to be “moving” from the perspective of devices on the ground.
[0152] The support introduced in the prior art for NTN is based on a non-transparent design in the sense that every satellite is effectively seen by devices such as EDs, IoT devices, cars, etc., as a serving cell. Devices are also made aware of the satellite’s ephemeris as well as the satellite’s position at any given time as the satellite explicitly broadcasts it within system information block 19 (SIB19) , which is transmitted by satellites in order to assist devices such as EDs with assistance information for NTN access. This results in a non-transparent radio access design which prevents smooth integration of transmit diversity schemes, multi-TRP transmission schemes, and distributed satellite systems.
[0153] In the case of LEO NTN access, satellites are constantly in movement and therefore are in line-of-sight to devices on the ground for a limited amount of time. Taking the Starlink constellation as an example, an LEO satellite may be in line-of-sight of a given device on the ground for a duration in the order of several minutes. As a result, any information that the satellite transmits or broadcasts to devices on the ground becomes outdated within a few minutes and constantly needs to be updated in order for the satellite communication to work (due to ever-changing timing advance for uplink synchronization, and the need to (re-) acquire downlink synchronization) . This results in high signaling overhead between satellites and devices on the ground just to keep the communication link operational.
[0154] LEO satellites typically use the fixed-beam model in order to transmit signals and channels to devices on the ground. This results in satellite beams “sliding” across the surface of the Earth, which triggers mobility and handover procedures whenever devices are located at the edge between two beams. Mobility and handover procedures typically cause delays and interruptions as the RRC connection needs to be re-established upon entering the target cell, which hurts the overall user experience.
[0155] Random Access procedure may be another potential bottleneck in communication systems. There may be several millions of devices on the ground within a given coverage area, if these several million devices were to attempt Random Access within a short time interval, it may not be conceivable or feasible for non-terrestrial TRPs to be able to detect individual random access preambles transmitted by so many devices within this short time interval. This is because of the prohibitively high complexity this would incur on non-terrestrial TRPs. Non-terrestrial TRPs are ultimately embedded systems and they may not be able to do the processing related to receiving, detecting, and measuring so many random access preambles within such a short time interval.
[0156] The approach in some implementations support for NTN is based on assigning unique physical cell identities (PCIs) to different beams. Combined with the use of fixed beams, this creates two types of interference problems in terms of reference signal measurement and / or communication of physical layer channels. The first problem is that of “PCI confusion” , which occurs when two or more neighbor beams are using the same PCI. The second problem is that of “PCI collision” , which occurs when a neighbor beam is using the same PCI as the serving beam. Both problems may occur when beams transmitted from different satellites start to overlap with each other.
[0157] As LEO satellites go along their orbits, inevitably they move away from a given coverage area and all EDs in that coverage area need to go through a mobility procedure in order to maintain their connection with the e.g. LEO satellites. This inherently incurs latency because of having to re-establish the RRC connection with the target satellites, and this problem is made even worse in NTN LEO scenarios because such handovers would occur continuously. As a result, the ED’s connectivity with the e.g. LEO satellites is interrupted and reset every time a handover needs to take place, which degrades the user experience for the ED.
[0158] Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial are seen as “separate” networks by EDs because they are seen as individual “Public Land Mobile Networks” (PLMNs) with their own unique code. The PLMN information consists of the mobile country code (MCC) and mobile network code (MNC) which are unique numbers allocated by the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) . In 5G NR, EDs are required to scan for all RF channels, detect the strongest cell and find the available PLMNs in order to report them to its non-access stratum (NAS) layer and register with the appropriate PLMN. This results in the ED having to run Initial Access procedures for terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks.
[0159] Due to the movement of LEO satellites along their orbits, measurements for mobility, which may be equivalently called radio resource management (RRM) , will be affected by this. This is because signals transmitted by satellites are affected by very different propagation delays, which will affect the timing of when these measurements can be made. Terrestrial networks allow for the assumption of using the timing for the serving cell to be applied to all neighbor cells when performing RRM / Mobility measurements because the distances that waves travel to reach EDs are small relative to the speed of light, this is no longer true for non-terrestrial networks because the distances are significantly longer and non-terrestrial TRPs are constantly in movement. This effectively results in EDs “missing” the RRM-RS because it arrives earlier or later than what the higher-layer signaling actually says. This would break all of the RRM / Mobility framework because the ED wouldn’ t be able to carry out RRM / Mobility measurements properly.
[0160] 6G systems are expected to integrate massive satellite constellations, where there may be in the order of thousands or tens of thousands of satellites in a given constellation. This starts to create problems in terms of how satellites and orbits are used because if there are too many orbital planes located at the same height: this creates the risk of satellite collisions occurring at the convergence point. In massive constellations, this may result in the problem known as the “Kessler syndrome” where debris from collisions leads to more collisions leading to more debris. This would effectively make the deployment of massive constellations impossible.
[0161] Before introducing the communication method provided by this application, some concepts are introduced for better understanding.
[0162] A frame structure is a feature of the wireless communication physical layer that defines a time domain signal transmission structure, e.g. to allow for timing reference and timing alignment of basic time domain transmission units. Wireless communication between communicating devices may occur on time-frequency resources governed by a frame structure. The frame structure may sometimes instead be called a frame structure.
[0163] One example of a frame structure is a frame structure in new radio (NR) having the following specifications: multiple subcarrier spacings are supported, each subcarrier spacing corresponding to a respective numerology; the frame structure depends on the numerology, but in any case the frame length is set at 10ms, and consists of ten subframes of 1ms each; a slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols, and slot length depends upon the numerology. For example, the NR frame structure for normal CP 15 kHz subcarrier spacing ( “numerology 1” ) and the NR frame structure for normal CP 30 kHz subcarrier spacing ( “numerology 2” ) are different. For 15 kHz subcarrier spacing a slot length is 1ms, and for 30 kHz subcarrier spacing a slot length is 0.5ms.
[0164] Another example of a frame structure is an example flexible frame structure, e.g. for use in a 6G network or later. In a flexible frame structure, a symbol block may be defined as the minimum duration of time that may be scheduled in the flexible frame structure. A symbol block may be a unit of transmission having an optional redundancy portion (e.g. CP portion) and an information (e.g. data) portion. An OFDM symbol is an example of a symbol block. A symbol block may alternatively be called a symbol. Embodiments of flexible frame structures include different parameters that may be configurable, e.g. frame length, subframe length, symbol block length, etc. A non-exhaustive list of possible configurable parameters in some embodiments of a flexible frame structure includes:
[0165] (1) Frame: The frame length need not be limited to 10ms, and the frame length may be configurable and change over time. In some embodiments, each frame includes one or multiple downlink synchronization channels and / or one or multiple downlink broadcast channels, and each synchronization channel and / or broadcast channel may be transmitted in a different direction by different beamforming. The frame length may be more than one possible value and configured based on the application scenario. For example, autonomous vehicles may require relatively fast initial access, in which case the frame length may be set as 5ms for autonomous vehicle applications. As another example, smart meters on houses may not require fast initial access, in which case the frame length may be set as 20ms for smart meter applications.
[0166] (2) Subframe duration: A subframe might or might not be defined in the flexible frame structure, depending upon the implementation. For example, a frame may be defined to include slots, but no subframes. In frames in which a subframe is defined, e.g. for time domain alignment, then the duration of the subframe may be configurable. For example, a subframe may be configured to have a length of 0.1 ms or 0.2 ms or 0.5 ms or 1 ms or 2 ms or 5 ms, etc. In some embodiments, if a subframe is not needed in a particular scenario, then the subframe length may be defined to be the same as the frame length or not defined.
[0167] (3) Slot configuration: A slot might or might not be defined in the flexible frame structure, depending upon the implementation. In frames in which a slot is defined, then the definition of a slot (e.g. in time duration and / or in number of symbol blocks) may be configurable. In one embodiment, the slot configuration is common to all EDs or a group of EDs. For this case, the slot configuration information may be transmitted to EDs in a broadcast channel or common control channel (s) . In other embodiments, the slot configuration may be ED specific, in which case the slot configuration information may be transmitted in an ED-specific control channel. In some embodiments, the slot configuration signaling can be transmitted together with frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In other embodiments, the slot configuration can be transmitted independently from the frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In general, the slot configuration may be system common, base station common, ED group common, or ED specific.
[0168] The present disclosure relates, generally, to mobile, wireless communication and, in particular embodiments, to a frame timing alignment / realignment, where the frame timing alignment / realignment may comprise a timing alignment / realignment in terms of a boundary of a symbol, a slot or a sub-frame within a frame; or a frame (thus the frame timing alignment / realignment here is more general, not limiting to the cases where a timing alignment / realignment is from a frame boundary only) . Also, in this application, relative timing to a frame or frame boundary should be interpreted in a more general sense, i.e., the frame boundary means a timing point of a frame element with the frame such as (starting or ending of) a symbol, a slot or subframe within a frame, or a frame. In the following, the phrases “ (frame) timing alignment or timing realignment” and “relative timing to a frame boundary” are used in more general sense described in above.
[0169] In overview, aspects of the present application relate to a network device, such as a base station 170, referenced hereinafter as a TRP 170, transmitting signaling that carries a timing realignment indication message. The timing realignment indication message includes information allowing a receiving ED 110 to determine a timing reference point. On the basis of the timing reference point, transmission of frames, by the ED 110, may be aligned. In some aspects of the present application, the frames that become aligned are in different sub-bands of one carrier frequency band. In other aspects of the present application, the frames that become aligned are found in neighboring carrier frequency bands.
[0170] On the TRP 170 side, aspects of the present application relate to use of one or more types of signaling to indicate the timing realignment (or / and timing correction) message. Two example types of signaling are provided here to show the schemes. The first example type of signaling may be referenced as cell-specific signaling, examples of which include group common signaling and broadcast signaling. The second example type of signaling may be referenced as ED-specific signaling. One of these two types of signaling or a combination of the two types of signaling may be used to transmit a timing realignment indication message. The timing realignment indication message may be shown to notify one or more EDs 110 of a configuration of a timing reference point. References, hereinafter, to the term “ED 110” may be understood to represent reference to a broad class of generic wireless communication devices within a cell (i.e., a network receiving node, such as a wireless device, a sensor, a gateway, a router, etc. ) , that is, being served by the TRP 170. A timing reference point is a timing reference instant and may be expressed in terms of a relative timing, in view of a timing point in a frame, such as (starting or ending boundary of) a symbol, a slot or a sub-frame within a frame; or a frame. For a simple description in the following, the term “aframe boundary” is used to represent a boundary of possibly a symbol, a slot or a sub-frame within a frame; or a frame. Thus, the timing reference point may be expressed in terms of a relative timing, in view of a current frame boundary, e.g., the start of the current frame. Alternatively, the timing reference point may be expressed in terms of an absolute timing based on certain standards timing reference such as a GNSS (e.g., GPS) , Coordinated Universal Time ( “UTC” ) , etc. In the absolute timing version of the timing reference point, a timing reference point may be explicitly stated.
[0171] The timing reference point may be shown to allow for timing adjustments to be implemented at the EDs 110. The timing adjustments may be implemented for improvement of accuracy for a clock at the ED 110. Alternatively, or additionally, the timing reference point may be shown to allow for adjustments to be implemented in future transmissions made from the EDs 110. The adjustments may be shown to cause realignment of transmitted frames at the timing reference point. Note that the realignment of transmitted frames at the timing reference point may comprise the timing realignment from (the starting boundary of) a symbol, a slot or a sub-frame within a frame; or a frame at the timing reference point for one or more EDs and one or more BSs (in a cell or a group of cells) , which applies across the application below.
[0172] At ED 110 side, the ED 110 may monitor for the timing realignment indication message. Responsive to receiving the timing realignment indication message, the ED 110 may obtain the timing reference point and take steps to cause frame realignment at the timing reference point. Those steps may, for example, include commencing transmission of a subsequent frame at the timing reference point.
[0173] Furthermore, or alternatively, before monitoring for the timing realignment indication message, the ED 110 may cause the TRP 170 to transmit the timing realignment indication message by transmitting, to the TRP 170, a request for a timing realignment, that is, a timing realignment request message. Responsive to receiving the timing realignment request message, the TRP 170 may transmit, to the ED 110, a timing realignment indication message including information on a timing reference point, thereby allowing the ED 110 to implement a timing realignment (or / and a timing adjustment including clock timing error correction) , wherein the timing realignment is in terms of (e.g., a starting boundary of) a symbol, a slot or a sub-frame within a frame; or a frame for EDs and base station (s) in a cell (or a group of cells) .
[0174] According to aspects of the present application, a TRP 170 associated with a given cell may transmit a timing realignment indication message. The timing realignment indication message may include enough information to allow a receiver of the message to obtain a timing reference point. The timing reference point may be used, by one or more EDs 110 in the given cell, when performing a timing realignment (or / and a timing adjustment including clock timing error correction) .
[0175] According to aspects of the present application, the timing reference point may be expressed, within the timing realignment indication message, relative to a frame boundary (where, as previously described and to be applicable below across the application, a frame boundary can be a boundary of a symbol, a slot or a sub-frame with a frame; or a frame) . The timing realignment indication message may include a relative timing indication, Δt. It may be shown that the relative timing indication, Δt, expresses the timing reference point as occurring a particular duration, i.e., Δt, subsequent to a frame boundary for a given frame. Since the frame boundary is important to allowing the ED 110 to determine the timing reference point, it is important that the ED 110 be aware of the given frame that has the frame boundary of interest. Accordingly, the timing realignment indication message may also include a system frame number (SFN) for the given frame.
[0176] Optionally, the timing realignment indication message may include other parameters. The other parameters may, for example, include a minimum time offset. The minimum time offset may establish a duration of time preceding the timing reference point. The ED 110 may rely upon the minimum time offset as an indication that DL signaling, including the timing realignment indication message, will allow the ED 110 enough time to detect the timing realignment indication message to obtain information on the timing reference point.
[0177] For all embodiments / examples below, it is assumed that NT-TRPs are synchronized with each-other, i.e. that if it is e.g. 12: 00pm for a given NT-TRPs in a constellation, then it is 12: 00pm for all NT-TRPs in the constellation. Similarly, if NT-TRPs perform their scheduling operation every e.g. 1 milli-second, then all NT-TRPs may perform their scheduling operation at the same time. Similarly, if a given NT-TRP transmits its system frame starting at e.g. 12: 00pm and each frame has a duration of e.g. 10 milli-seconds, then all NT-TRPs may transmit their system frame at the same time and for the same duration. As an example, all NT-TRPs belonging to e.g. a given orbital plane may transmit their System Frames at the same time, and they may be received by the ED on the ground at different times. For example, there are 5 NT-TRPs working together as a coordinating set and each of the NT-TRPs are transmitting system frames towards the ground. An example of what may be seen by an ED on the ground is shown in FIG. 10.
[0178] In order to connect with a non-terrestrial system such as e.g. a satellite mega-constellation, the ED need to steer their beams towards the sky, however there may be lots of non-terrestrial TRPs (NT-TRPs) such as e.g. satellites that are in line-of-sight of the ED and therefore: there may be potentially lots of non-terrestrial TRPs the ED could establish an RRC connection with.
[0179] In order to assist the ED with establishing an RRC connection with a NT-TRP, the ED may have to generate a transmit / receive beam towards that NT-TRP (in order to e.g. receive reference signals transmitted by that NT-TRP) . The ED in RRC connected mode may be provided with a table of BAI using higher-layer signaling (e.g. RRC signaling) in the Zenith domain. An example of such a table may be as Table 1:
[0180] Table 1:
[0181] As shown in the above Table 1, each zenith angle corresponds to an absolute angular direction in e.g. degrees and may be interpreted as the angular direction in which the ED may steer its spatial receive beam such that the boresight of the spatial receive beam is pointing in that angular direction. it is assumed that 0 degrees in the Zenith domain corresponds to the ED’s transmit / receive beam pointing vertically towards the sky. Each angular direction is associated with a BAI provided as a 4-bit codeword. In this example codewords have a 4-bit width because the default zenith BAI table contains 15 entries, other examples of Zenith BAI tables with more or less number of entries may be considered or contemplated. The above Table 1 may contain one or more entries where each entry contains a 4-bit codeword, the ED may use any one or more entries within the above Table 1 in order to steer its spatial receive beam in the direction of any one or more entries.
[0182] An SS / PBCH block, also referred to as an SSB, contains at least a synchronization signal and a PBCH channel packed as a single block to be transmitted together from a TRP to an ED. The ED may establish downlink synchronization with the network based on the block. The following embodiments are illustrative of the SS / PBCH block. As an illustrative example without limitation, the existing 5G SS / PBCH block includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) . The PBCH includes a PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and PBCH data. The PSS and SSS are specific physical layer signals that are used for frame synchronization, and critical factors determining physical cell identifier (ID) . The cell ID can be used by terminal devices to distinguish wireless signals from different cells. For example, in the time domain, a 5G SS / PBCH block consists of 4 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. In the frequency domain, a 5G SS / PBCH block consists of 240 contiguous subcarriers. Notably, this application does not exclude other possible SS / PBCH structures.
[0183] In one possible implementation, it supports the transmission of SS / PBCH blocks in SS bursts, where each SS burst is located in the first half of a frame. Additionally: the positions where an SS / PBCH block may be located are fixed and determined based on e.g. SS burst length and what frequency range (FR) (e.g. FR1 or FR2) the system is operating in. This means that SS / PBCH blocks are tied to the frame structure and cannot moved around. SS / PBCH blocks aren’ t sent in a vacuum, they’ re an integral part of the 5G NR frame structure.
[0184] In this disclosure, the EDs are not in connected mode, i.e. the EDs may be in e.g. idle more, inactive mode, or a power mode associated with the function of sleeping. Such power modes may be called e.g. deep sleep, light sleep, micro sleep or extreme deep sleep. Such power modes may also be associated with functions measuring reference signals and e.g. cell selection / reselection.
[0185] In addition, EDs have some capability in terms of the number of Tx / Rx beams that they can aim towards e.g. the sky with some angle in the Zenith domain (or alternatively in the Elevation domain) . It should be noted that the Elevation domain and the Zenith domain are related through the following relation (using degrees) : Zenith Angle=90°-Elevation Angle (formula 1)
[0186] It may be assumed that the ED is equipped with a variety of sensors such as gyroscopes and inclinometers, which allow the EDs to determine e.g. where the sky is located or where the real North is located. Such sensors would allow the ED to determine Azimuth and / or Zenith angles without having to connect with any particular navigation system. Such sensors would also allow the ED to measure angular directions in e.g. the Azimuth / Zenith domain in which physical layer signals and / or channels are detected, measured and decoded.
[0187] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of multiple NT-TRPs each corresponding to different Zenith angles transmitting SS / PBCH blocks towards the ground.
[0188] As shown in FIG. 10, the 5 NT-TRPs each corresponding to different Zenith angles (e.g., -20, -10, 0, 10 and 20 degrees from top to the bottom in the figure) . The point in any satellite orbit that is closest to any ED on the ground is the point that is vertically above the ED (or equivalently, the point that is on the line at 0 degrees Zenith) , whereas all other points in the satellite orbit are further away from the ED and thus: any physical layer signal or channel has to travel longer in order to reach the ED on the ground. This results in time delays in terms of receiving system frames from NT-TRPs located further away from the ED.
[0189] From the ED’s perspective, the start of system frame for different Zenith angles may be different as shown in the dotted vertical line. For example, in system frame#0, the most left dotted vertical line represents the start of system frame for different Zenith angle=0, the middle dotted vertical line represents the start of system frame for different Zenith angle= {-10, 10} , and the most right dotted vertical line represents the start of system frame for different Zenith angle= {-20, 20} . System frame#1 is similar to system frame#0.
[0190] In other words, different system frames may be received at different times by the ED, and correspondingly different SS / PBCH blocks may be received at different times by the ED. For an ED a given location on the ground, depending on the Zenith angle at which the NT-TRP is located relative to the ED, a system frame transmitted at a given time by a NT-TRP may arrive at the ED with a certain delay. If the NT-TRP is located at a Zenith angle of -20 degrees (relative to the ED) , a system frame may be received by the ED with a given timing. As the NT-TRP moves along its orbit it may be located at a Zenith angle of -10 degrees (relative to the ED) , a system frame may be received by the ED with an earlier timing due to the fact that the distance is now smaller and thus the propagation delay is smaller. As the NT-TRP continues to move along its orbit it may be located at a Zenith angle of 0 degrees (relative to the ED) , a system frame may be received by the ED with an even earlier timing due to the fact that the distance is now smallest and thus the propagation delay is now the smallest. As the NT-TRP continues to move along its orbit it may be located at a Zenith angle of 10 degrees (relative to the ED) , a system frame may be received by the ED with a later timing due to the fact that the distance is now increasing and thus the propagation delay is now larger. As the NT-TRP continues to move along its orbit it may be located at a Zenith angle of 20 degrees (relative to the ED) , a system frame may be received by the ED with a later timing due to the fact that the distance is increasing further and thus the propagation delay is larger than before.
[0191] Each system frame may be made of ten slots (small box in the FIG. 10) and SS / PBCH blocks are transmitted within the 3rd slot of a system frame, from the perspective of an ED, the time at which an SS / PBCH block may be detected by the ED changes based on the location of the NT-TRP, since it affects the propagation delay.
[0192] Notably, downlink, uplink and sidelink transmissions can be organized into system frames with pre-defined duration. The embodiments in this application takes an example of a system frame containing ten slots and does not exclude frame of other lengths. Without special noting, the terms “system frame” and “frame” are used exchangeable. In some implementations, the System Frame may be equivalently called a radio frame.
[0193] The solutions described in the disclosure is applicable to a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) network.
[0194] As aforementioned, an SS burst is defined as a set of SS / PBCH blocks that are transmitted by a given TRP in different angular directions, where each SS burst is located in the first half of a frame. The positions of an SS / PBCH block may be fixed based on carrier bandwidth and sub-carrier spacing, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, each SS / PBCH is located in the third slot of a frame.
[0195] However, due to long distance between the ED and the NT-TRP and the NT-TRP may be constantly in movement, it’s difficult for the ED to find the right time to detect the SS / PBCH block in NTN system.
[0196] Therefore, this application provides a communication method, where the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block by an ED in NTN system can be improved. An ED may obtain timing information of a first SS / PBCH block within a first frame from a first NT-TRP, so that the ED may know the relatively accurate arrival timing of the first SS / PBCH block and the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block in NTN system can be improved.
[0197] Notably, the ED could obtain the timing information in a variety of ways. In a first implementation, the timing information may be included in the first SS / PBCH. For example, the ED may try difference positions in the time domain to detect (decode) the first SS / PBCH block. Upon successfully detecting (decoding) the first SS / PBCH block, the ED may know where the first frame started. That’s the timing information the ED uses for knowing when the first frame started relative to the detected first SS / PBCH block. In a second implementation, the timing information may be not included in the first SS / PBCH. That is, the first NT-TRP transmitting the timing information and the first NT-TRP transmitting may be two steps. For example, the ED may be already connected to the network, and the ED may be informed that the SS / PBCH block location will change but without impacting the frame boundaries. The NT-TRP can transmit the changed timing information to the ED. Details of the two implementations will be given in conjunction with FIG. 11. The FIG. 11 includes two schematic flow charts, where the FIG. 11A illustrates a flow chart corresponding to the first implementation, and the FIG. 11B illustrates a flow chart corresponding to the second implementation.
[0198] Notably, the first implementation and the second implementation may be implemented independently, or be implemented in a combination in an NTN system. For example, when the ED has not been connected to the network, the first implementation may be implemented. When the ED has been connected to the network, the second implementation may be implemented.
[0199] FIG. 11A is a schematic flow chart of communication method according to the embodiments of this application.
[0200] At step 1110A, a first NT-TRP determines timing information of a first SS / PBCH block.
[0201] The first SS / PBCH block includes the timing information. The timing information may indicate a position of the first SS / PBCH block within the first frame. The ED may obtain timing information of a first SS / PBCH block within the first frame from the first NT-TRP, so that the ED may know the relatively accurate arrival timing of the first SS / PBCH block and the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block in NTN system can be improved.
[0202] In some implementations, the timing information is associated with position information of the first NT-TRP.
[0203] As aforementioned, the relative position between the ED and the first NT-TRP may be not fixed, and the relative position has an impact on the transmission time of the first SS / PBCH block. In embodiments of this application, the timing information can be designed based on the relative position between the ED and the first NT-TRP, so that the ED may know the relatively accurate arrival timing of the first SS / PBCH block and the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block in NTN system can be improved.
[0204] In some implementations, a boundary of the first frame may be associate with the position information.
[0205] Transmissions between the ED and the first NT-TRP can be organized into frames with pre-defined duration. Since signals take time to transmit, there is a time delay between transmitting the first frame and receiving the first frame. As aforementioned, the frame boundary can be interpreted in a general sense, for ease of description, a frame boundary may denote the timing when a frame is received in the embodiments below.
[0206] In some implementations, the timing information may indicate a slot in the first frame where the first SS / PBCH block is located and / or symbol (s) occupied by the first SS / PBCH block. For example, the timing information may include a first parameter (e.g., parameter slotPosition) and a second parameter (e.g., parameter symbolPosition) , where the first parameter indicates a slot where the first SS / PBCH block is located and the second parameter indicates a gap between the slot boundary and the first symbol (e.g., OFDM) symbol for the first SS / PBCH block. Details of the parameters will be given in conjunction with FIG. 20 to FIG. 22 and are omitted here for brevity.
[0207] Notably, in some examples, the first SS / PBCH block may span slots, in this case, the timing information may indicate the previous slot, and the ED may determine the slots based on the timing information and the structure of the first SS / PBCH block.
[0208] In some implementations, the boundary of the first frame may be determined based on the timing information. For example, the length of the first frame is known to the ED, when the ED decodes the first SS / PBCH block, the ED would know the frame boundary based on the position of the first SS / PBCH block in the first frame. In some implementations, the ED can know the slot boundaries when the number of slots within the first frame is known to the ED.
[0209] The frame boundary may be related to a time delay of the first frame. The time delay is between the timing when the first frame is transmitted by the first NT-TRP and the frame boundary of the first frame. As aforementioned, multiple NT- TRPs may be synchronized with each other, that is, the multiple NT-TRPs may transmit frames at the same time. However, from ED’s perspective, the frames may be received at different times by the ED.
[0210] Notably, frame boundaries for two NT-TRPs may be the same or different. For example, referring to FIG. 10, a frame boundary for an NT-TRP located at a Zenith angle of 10 degrees and a frame boundary for an NT-TRP located at a Zenith angle of -10 degrees may be the same. A frame boundary for an NT-TRP located at a Zenith angle of 10 degrees and a frame boundary for an NT-TRP located at a Zenith angle of 0 degrees may be different. This is not limited to this application.
[0211] In some implementations, the position information may comprise one or more of:
[0212] first information that indicates a relative distance between the first NT-TRP and a reference point; and
[0213] second information that indicates a relative direction between the first NT-TRP and the reference point.
[0214] The reference point may be located on the ground. In embodiments of this application, the reference point may also be referred to as the anchor location.
[0215] For every anchor location on the ground, the anchor location has a “visibility cone” which corresponds to an area of the sky. The visibility cone’s threshold may correspond to some Zenith angular value, the Zenith angular value may also be called the “cone angle” . The area of the sky that is “in view” of the anchor location may also be described in mathematical terms as a “dome” or a “spherical cap” . In embodiments of this application, an anchor location (or equivalently a “reference point” ) may be defined as a geographic point on Earth with coordinates in some reference coordinate system, such as e.g. the earth centric earth fixed (ECEF) reference system, and these anchor locations are the points that are used by NT-TRPs in a constellation such that a coordinating set of NT-TRPs (belonging to one or more orbits) transmit signals such as SS / PBCH blocks in a manner that those transmitted signals align in the time domain. It is up to network implementation how many anchor locations are implemented and used by NT-TRPs in a constellation in order to coordinate the transmission of SS / PBCH blocks.
[0216] In some implementations, EDs may be provided with higher-layer signaling carrying information about one or more anchor locations. Such higher-layer signaling may be provided using non-access stratum (NAS) protocols as EDs in idle mode don’ t have an RRC connection, and therefore higher-layer signaling cannot be conveyed using the RRC protocol. EDs may be provided with so-called elementary files carrying coverage area information and for each coverage area information there may be one or more anchor location information provided with it. An example of the content of the coverage areas and corresponding anchor locations may be described using Table 2.
[0217] Table 2:
[0218] Notably, in some implementations, the ED may be located in the reference point or near the reference point. The relative distance between the first NT-TRP and the reference point may be used to determine the timing information.
[0219] In some implementations, the ED may have the capability of positioning, i.e. the ED may be able to determine its own position thanks to e.g. the reception of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals. Using its own position, an ED may be able to perform corrections in the time domain in order to enhance its detection and decoding of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted by NT-TRPs within a coverage area.
[0220] Notably, for ease of description, in embodiments of this application, the ED is described as being located at the reference point.
[0221] In some implementations, the relative direction between the ED and the first NT-TRP may be represented by the Zenith angle. The relative direction may be associated with a time delay. For example, for NT-TRPs on an orbit, a larger Zenith angle means a longer time delay.
[0222] Notably, as the first NT-TRP may be not stationary, the position information is not fixed either. An ED may update the timing information of an SS / PBCH block from the first NT-TRP so that improving the reliability of detecting the SS / PBCH block in NTN system.
[0223] For example, NT-TRPs may update the timing of SS / PBCH blocks as NT-TRPs are moving along their respective orbits. This may done in order to maintain the same timing reception for EDs on the ground (based on the assumption of using anchor locations on the ground in order to carry out the mechanism to maintain the same timing reception) . It should be noted that as EDs are in idle mode or in some power mode that may be associated with the function of sleeping or in some power mode that may not be associated with the function of DL / UL communication. Such EDs may not maintain any particular timing reference assumption since they may be in idle mode (or in some power mode associated with sleeping or in some power mode that may not be associated with DL / UL communication) , therefore such EDs may have to constantly monitor / detect / decode synchronization signals such as e.g. SS / PBCH blocks without any prior assumption in terms of where such signals may be located in the time domain.
[0224] In some implementations, the position of the first SS / PBCH block in the first frame and the frame boundary of the first frame meet a condition. The condition may be used to make the first SS / PBCH arrive at a certain time.
[0225] For example, the condition includes: a sum of a first duration and a second duration is in a range or equal to a threshold, the first duration is from a timing when the first frame is transmitted by the first NT-TRP to the frame boundary of the first frame, and the second duration is from the frame boundary of the first frame to start timing of the received first SS / PBCH block (i.e., a start timing when the first SS / PBCH block is received by the ED) . It is understood that, from the first NT-TRP side, the second duration is from a timing when the first frame is transmitted by the first NT-TRP to the start timing when the first SS / PBCH block is transmitted by the first NT-TRP.
[0226] One example for the range may be expressed in a relative way, e.g., 3 slots to 4 slots, the unit of “slot” may be replaced by other unit, for example, subframes, symbols, etc. Another example for the range may be expressed in an absolute way, e.g., 3 microseconds to 4 microseconds, and “milliseconds” may be replaced by other terms e.g., milliseconds etc. similarly, the example of the threshold may be expressed in a relative way e.g., 20 symbols, or may be expressed in an absolute way, e.g., 3 microseconds.
[0227] In other words, no matter how long the time delay is, the first SS / PBCH block can be received at a certain range or timing. This condition can mitigate the effects of distance between the ED and the first NT-TRP.
[0228] As aforementioned, the ED may receive multiple SS / PBCH blocks from multiple NT-TRPs. Accordingly, a method is provided in the disclosure. The feature of a floating SS / PBCH block scheme is introduced in this disclosure.
[0229] In some implementations, the position of a second SS / PBCH block in a second frame and a frame boundary of the second frame meet the condition, and the second frame is from a second NT-TRP. In other words, the ED may receive multiple SS / PBCH blocks from multiple NT-TRPs.
[0230] Each timing information of the multiple SS / PBCH blocks can meet the condition, and the multiple SS / PBCH blocks may arrive at the ED in a range or at the same time, which are different from what are shown in FIG. 10, multiple SS / PBCH blocks arrive at the ED at different times. For ease of description, this design can be referred to as floating SS / PBCH blocks.
[0231] Notably, this application does not exclude other possible implementations that make the multiple SS / PBCH blocks arrive at the ED in a range or at the same time. In some implementations, although not illustrated, the locations of the multiple SS / PBCH blocks in their own frames may be fixed, but the multiple TRPs may transmit their own frames at different timings, to make the multiple SS / PBCH blocks arrive at the ED in a range or at the same time. This is not limited to this application.
[0232] To reduce the complexity of the ED, the feature of “floating” SS / PBCH blocks is introduced in this application to align SS / PBCH block timings across multiple NT-TRPs providing coverage to a given coverage area on the ground.
[0233] There may be several benefits from using floating SS / PBCH blocks. It may reduce beam search complexity and increase synchronization reliability by allowing EDs to receive / detect / decode system frames at the same time, irrespective of the direction of the Tx / Rx beam the ED chooses. It may also enable greater transparency of the network and location-centric design as NT-TRPs coordinate the transmission of the SS / PBCH blocks such that their timing matches given anchor locations on the ground.
[0234] At step 1120A, a first NT-TRP transmits the first SS / PBCH block to the ED based on the timing information. Correspondingly, the ED receives the first SS / PBCH block from the first NT-TRP.
[0235] The ED can obtain the timing information from the first SS / PBCH block. The ED can obtain the timing information in a variety of ways. Part or all of the timing information may be transmitted by a TRP, or be predefined based on the application scenario, or be determined by the ED as a function of other parameters that are known by the ED, or a combination thereof. For example, as aforementioned, the timing information may be transmitted by the first NT-TRP, and the boundary of the first frame may be determined by the ED based on the timing information and other related parameters. This is not limited to this application.
[0236] For example, the timing information may be included in higher-layer parameters.
[0237] In some examples, the feature of PBCH signaling related to floating SS / PBCH blocks is introduced, in particular signaling mechanisms for enabling EDs to determine where the SS / PBCH block is located within the system frame by inserting higher-layer parameters within the PBCH.
[0238] There may be several benefits from using PBCH signaling related to floating SS / PBCH blocks. The usage of PBCH signaling allows EDs to determine the location of the floating SS / PBCH block within the system frame and thus establish their timing reference assumptions (i.e. the EDs know at what time the system frame began, at what time the next system frame will begin, at what time the next SS / PBCH block will be located, and so on. ) .
[0239] In a first implementation, the timing information may be obtained from a scrambling value (e.g., initial value) of PBCH DMRS of the first SS / PBCH block. The first parameter (e.g., symbolPosition) and the second parameter (e.g., slotPosition) may be obtained based on the PBCH DMRS.
[0240] For example, the higher-layer parameter symbolPosition may be embedded within the PBCH DMRS sequence initialization equation. Let’s denote isymb as the parameter whose value is set to the value of symbolPosition, the PBCH DMRS sequence may be initialized with a value cinit whose equation may be given as follows: isymb=symbolPosition (formula 3)
[0241] With the above example, the higher-layer parameter symbolPosition is embedded in the PBCH DMRS equation and thus: by decoding the PBCH DMRS an ED may be able to figure out symbolPosition and consequently the ED may be able to figure out where the SS / PBCH block is located within the current slot in the current system frame.
[0242] For example, the higher-layer parameter slotPosition may be embedded within the PBCH DMRS sequence initialization equation. Let’s denote islot as the parameter whose value is set to the value of slotPosition, the PBCH DMRS sequence may be initialized with a value cinit whose equation may be given as follows: isymb=symbolPosition, islot=slotPosition (formula 5)
[0243] With the above example, the higher-layer parameter slotPosition is embedded in the PBCH DMRS equation and thus: by decoding the PBCH DMRS an ED may be able to figure out slotPosition and consequently the ED may be able to figure out where the slot carrying the SS / PBCH block is located relative to the system frame’s start boundary.
[0244] In a second implementation, the timing information may be obtained from payload of PBCH of the first SS / PBCH block. The first parameter (e.g., symbolPosition) and the second parameter (e.g., slotPosition) may be obtained based on the PBCH payload.
[0245] For a first example, the timing information is obtained from PBCH payload generation process.
[0246] For example, the higher-layer parameter symbolPosition may be embedded within the PBCH payload generation process. Let’s assume that symbolPosition is a binary value represented over e.g. four bits. The BCH data sequence of bits may contain an integer number of bits, denoted as A and given as follows: a0, a1, a2, …, aA-1 (formula 6)
[0247] The above BCH data sequence of bits may be expanded with the four bits of symbolPosition as follows (the four bits of symbolPosition are denoted in bold to distinguish from the bits belonging to the BCH data sequence) : a0, a1, a2, …, aA-1, aA, aA+1, aA+2, aA+3 (formula 7)
[0248] The bits denoted as {aA, aA+1, aA+2, aA+3} may be the bits corresponding to the higher-layer parameter symbolPosition. In a first example, the bit represented by “aA” may correspond to the most significant bit of symbolPosition (i.e. the left-most bit) , “aA+1” may correspond to the second most significant bit of symbolPosition (i.e. the second left-most bit) , “aA+2” may correspond to the third most significant bit of symbolPosition (i.e. the third left-most bit) and “aA+3” may correspond to the least significant bit of symbolPosition (i.e. the right-most bit) . In a first example, the bit represented by “aA+3” may correspond to the most significant bit of symbolPosition (i.e. the left-most bit) , “aA+2” may correspond to the second most significant bit of symbolPosition (i.e. the second left-most bit) , “aA+1” may correspond to the third most significant bit of symbolPosition (i.e. the third left-most bit) and “aA” may correspond to the least significant bit of symbolPosition (i.e. the right-most bit) .
[0249] For example, the higher-layer parameter slotPosition may be embedded within the PBCH payload generation process. Let’s assume that slotPosition is a binary value represented over e.g. four bits. The BCH data sequence of bits may contain an integer number of bits, denoted as B and given as follows: b0, b1, b2, …, bB-1 (formula 8)
[0250] The above BCH data sequence of bits may be expanded with the four bits of slotPosition as follows (the four bits of slotPosition are denoted in bold to distinguish from the bits belonging to the BCH data sequence) : b0, b1, b2, …, bB-1, bB, bB+1, bB+2, bB+3 (formula 9)
[0251] The bits denoted as {bB, bB+1, bB+2, bB+3} may be the bits corresponding to the higher-layer parameter slotPosition. In a first example, the bit represented by “bB” may correspond to the most significant bit of slotPosition (i.e. the left-most bit) , “bB+1” may correspond to the second most significant bit of slotPosition (i.e. the second left-most bit) , “bB+2” may correspond to the third most significant bit of slotPosition (i.e. the third left-most bit) and “bB+3” may correspond to the least significant bit of slotPosition (i.e. the right-most bit) . In a first example, the bit represented by “bB+3” may correspond to the most significant bit of slotPosition (i.e. the left-most bit) , “bB+2” may correspond to the second most significant bit of slotPosition (i.e. the second left-most bit) , “bB+1” may correspond to the third most significant bit of slotPosition (i.e. the third left-most bit) and “bB” may correspond to the least significant bit of slotPosition (i.e. the right-most bit) .
[0252] For a second example, the timing information is obtained from PBCH payload scrambling process.
[0253] For example, the higher-layer parameter symbolPosition may be embedded within the PBCH payload scrambling process. Let’s assume that symbolPosition is a binary value represented over e.g. four bits. The BCH data sequence of bits may contain an integer number of bits, denoted as A and given as follows: a0, a1, a2, …, aA-1 (formula 10)
[0254] The above BCH data sequence of bits may be scrambled with a pseudo random noise binary sequence (which may be e.g. a Gold sequence) c (n) using higher-layer parameter symbolPosition as follows: a′i (n) = (ai (n) +si (n) ) mod 2 (formula 11) si (n) =c (n) (formula 12) c (n) = (x1 (n+Nc) +x2 (n+Nc) ) mod 2, Nc=1600 (formula 13) x1 (n+31) = (x1 (n+3) +x1 (n) ) mod 2 (formula 14) x2 (n+31) = (x2 (n+3) +x2 (n+2) +x2 (n+1) +x2 (n) ) mod 2 (formula 15)
[0255] The above x2 (n) sequence may be initialized using an initialization value cinit and higher-layer parameter symbolPosition as follows:
[0256] Where isymb is set to the value of higher-layer parameter symbolPosition.
[0257] For example, the higher-layer parameter slotPosition may be embedded within the PBCH payload scrambling process. Let’s assume that slotPosition is a binary value represented over e.g. four bits. The BCH data sequence of bits may contain an integer number of bits, denoted as B and given as follows: b0, b1, b2, …, bB-1 (formula 17)
[0258] The above BCH data sequence of bits may be scrambled with a pseudo random noise binary sequence (which may be e.g. a Gold sequence) c (n) using higher-layer parameter symbolPosition as follows: a′i (n) = (ai (n) +si (n) ) mod 2 (formula 18) si (n) =c (n) (formula 19) c (n) = (x1 (n+Nc) +x2 (n+Nc) ) mod 2, Nc=1600 (formula 20) x1 (n+31) = (x1 (n+3) +x1 (n) ) mod 2 (formula 21) x2 (n+31) = (x2 (n+3) +x2 (n+2) +x2 (n+1) +x2 (n) ) mod 2 (formula 22)
[0259] The above x2 (n) sequence may be initialized using an initialization value cinit and higher-layer parameter slotPosition as follows:
[0260] Where islot is set to the value of higher-layer parameter slotPosition.
[0261] There may be several benefits from such embedding of information, regarding the SS / PBCH block location within a System Frame (e.g. through higher-layer parameters such as symbolPosition and / or slotPosition) , inside of the PBCH. The first benefit is that it allows devices on the ground e.g. EDs to determine the location of the respective slot and system frame boundaries upon successful decoding of the PBCH, which may include decoding of the PBCH DMRS and / or the PBCH payload. The other benefit is that embedding higher-layer parameters such as symbolPosition and slotPosition makes the Initial Access procedure smoother in the sense that devices on the ground e.g. EDs may be able to precisely locate the Control Resource Set (CORESET) where PDCCHs scheduling PDSCHs carrying System Information Blocks (SIBs) may be monitored / detected / decoded by EDs.
[0262] For a third example, the timing information may be included in master information block (MIB) of the first SS / PBCH block.
[0263] For example, the higher-layer parameters symbolPosition and slotPosition may be included in the MIB. The MIB is typically carried in the BCH payload, therefore as a device on the ground e.g. ED detects and decodes an SS / PBCH block: it may also detect and decode the BCH payload i.e. the MIB. The MIB may be expanded to include the higher-layer parameters symbolPosition and slotPosition, which will be illustrated in FIG. 21.
[0264] From the above technical solution, the ED may obtain timing information of a first SS / PBCH block within the first frame from the first NT-TRP, so that the ED may know the relatively accurate arrival timing of the first SS / PBCH block and the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block in NTN system can be improved.
[0265] FIG. 11B is a schematic flow chart of communication method according to the embodiments of this application.
[0266] At step 1110B, a first NT-TRP determines timing information of a first SS / PBCH block.
[0267] This step can be referred to description of step 110A, details are omitted here for brevity.
[0268] At step 1120B, the first NT-TRP transmits the timing information to the ED. Correspondingly, the ED receives the timing information from the first NT-TRP.
[0269] The timing information may be included in system information block (SIB) . The first parameter (e.g., symbolPosition) and the second parameter (e.g., slotPosition) may be obtained based on the SIB.
[0270] For example, the higher-layer parameters symbolPosition and slotPosition may be included in a SIB. As an example, the SIB may be so-called System Information Block 1 (SIB1) , however other examples of system information blocks may be considered and equally applicable. SIB1 is typically carried in the payload of a PDSCH transmission. SIB1 may be expanded to include the higher-layer parameters symbolPosition and slotPosition, which will be illustrated in FIG. 22.
[0271] At step 1130B, the first NT-TRP transmits the first SS / PBCH block to the ED. Correspondingly, the ED receives the first SS / PBCH block from the first NT-TRP.
[0272] The NT-TRP may transmit a first frame to the ED, where the frame includes the first SS / PBCH block. The location of the first SS / PBCH block in the first frame is based on the timing information.
[0273] 5G NR initial access introduced SS bursts in order to allow beam sweeping in the angular domain, while this was necessary in terrestrial networks: it creates more problems in non-terrestrial networks because we need to limit the ED’s efforts to receive / detect / decode reference signals and physical layer channels within the ED’s visibility cone (subject to ED capability and to reduce processing complexity) . Due to the fact that NT-TRPs in LEO constellations are constantly in movement, the cell search procedure relies on time-domain sweeping and angle-domain sweeping to detect an SS / PBCH block, which means that the ED needs to find both the right time and the right angle in order to detect an SS / PBCH block.
[0274] In some implementations, an ED may support the reception / detection / decoding of a floating SS / PBCH block as a mandatory feature. In some other implementations, an ED may support the reception / detection / decoding of a floating SS / PBCH block as an optional feature.
[0275] Notably, details about the timing information, position information, first NT-TRP, etc. can be referred to description in FIG. 11A. These are omitted here for brevity.
[0276] From the above technical solution, the ED may obtain timing information of a first SS / PBCH block within the first frame from the first NT-TRP, so that the ED may know the relatively accurate arrival timing of the first SS / PBCH block and the reliability of detecting an SS / PBCH block in NTN system can be improved.
[0277] For ease of understanding embodiments of this application, more details will be illustrated in conjunction with FIGs. 12-22. Notably, the number of NT-TRPs who transmit SS / PBCH blocks is not limited in this application. The examples below take 5 NT-TRPs for illustrative purpose.
[0278] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of multiple NT-TRPs transmitting frames towards the ground according to method 1100.
[0279] A certain number of NT-TRPs within a constellation may coordinate together such that they transmit their SS / PBCH blocks in a way that they arrive at the same time at a given location on the ground, this given location is called as an “anchor location” or “reference point” . In other words, all of the SS / PBCH blocks arrive at the ED located at the anchor location at the same time. The ED may have some capability in terms of how many signals it can monitor / detect / decode from NT-TRPs at any given time. This may result in what may be referred to as a “visibility cone” . FIG. 12 shows an example for an ED that has a visibility cone in the Zenith domain which may be within Zenith angles of {-25 degrees; 25 degrees} .
[0280] Let’s denote the left-most NT-TRP as NT-TRP#1 and the right-most NT-TRP as NT-TRP#5. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the coordinating set of NT-TRPs may transmit SS / PBCH blocks (shown in black rectangles) with different timings, each NT-TRP may choose a different timing for the SS / PBCH block it is transmitting in accordance with how long the SS / PBCH block would need to reach the anchor location. Additionally, each NT-TRP may be located as a given Zenith angle relative to the ED, which means that the ED may use different Tx / Rx beams aiming at different Zenith angles in order to detect a given. As an example, the ED may use Tx / Rx beams with a Zenith angle of {-20; -10; 0; 10; 20} degrees (as per the figure above, where -20 degrees may correspond to the left-most beam and 20 degrees may correspond to the right-most beam) .
[0281] Alternatively, from the ED’s perspective in order to highlight the concept of “floating SS / PBCH blocks” . Each NT-TRP is assumed to be synchronized with the other NT-TRPs within the coordinating set, which may mean that all NT-TRPs transmit their system frames at the same time. This may result in system frames being received at different times at a given location on the ground because of the differing propagation delays. However, the location of an SS / PBCH block within the system frame may “float” , which means that it is not fixed as in FIG. 10. Instead: the SS / PBCH block position may change depending on the location of the NT-TRP. An example of what may be received at an anchor location is shown in FIG. 13 below.
[0282] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of multiple locations of SS / PBCH blocks according to method 1100.
[0283] In a first example, the first system frame is denoted as system frame#1. In FIG. 13, the different NT-TRPs in the coordinating set may transmit their SS / PBCH blocks at their different times. The NT-TRPs located at a Zenith angle of + / -20 degrees relative to an anchor location may transmit their SS / PBCH blocks in the middle of the 3rd slot (starting from the left) and both are aligned with each-other in terms of timing. The NT-TRPs located at a Zenith angle of + / -10 degrees relative to an anchor location may transmit their SS / PBCH block in the beginning of the 4th slot (starting from the left) , both of these NT-TRPs may have adjusted the timing of the SS / PBCH block within their respective system frames such that they align with the timings of the SS / PBCH blocks transmitted by other NT-TRPs within the coordinating set. The NT-TRP located at a Zenith angle of 0 degrees relative to an anchor location may transmit its SS / PBCH block within the 4th slot (starting from the left) , the NT-TRP may have adjusted the timing of the SS / PBCH within its respective system frame such that it aligns with the timing of the SS / PBCH blocks transmitted by other NT-TRPs.
[0284] In a second example, the second system frame is denoted as system frame#1. In FIG. 13, the different NT-TRPs in the coordinating set may transmit their SS / PBCH blocks at their different times. The NT-TRPs located at a Zenith angle of + / -20 degrees relative to an anchor location may transmit their SS / PBCH block in the middle of the 5th slot (starting from the left) and both are aligned with each-other in terms of timing. The NT-TRPs located at a Zenith angle of + / -10 degrees relative to an anchor location may transmit their SS / PBCH block in the beginning of the 6th slot (starting from the left) , both of these NT-TRPs may have adjusted the timing of the SS / PBCH block within their respective system frames such that they align with the timings of the SS / PBCH blocks transmitted by other NT-TRPs within the coordinating set. The NT-TRP located at a Zenith angle of 0 degrees relative to an anchor location may transmit its SS / PBCH block within the 6th slot (starting from the left) , the NT-TRP may have adjusted the timing of the SS / PBCH within its respective System Frame such that it aligns with the timing of the SS / PBCH blocks transmitted by other NT-TRPs.
[0285] Equivalently, from the perspective of the NT-TRP, a given NT-TRP may change the position of its SS / PBCH block while it is moving along its orbit. FIG. 14 to FIG. 18 show how a NT-TRP may move its SS / PBCH block timing based on its location relative to a given anchor location or reference point on the ground.
[0286] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an NT-TRP transmitting an SS / PBCH block at Zenith= -20.
[0287] When the NT-TRP is located at a Zenith angle of -20 degrees, the NT-TRP may determine that the SS / PBCH block#1 is located in the 3rd slot (starting from the left) . The timing information of the SS / PBCH block#1 is associated with the position information of the NT-TRP.
[0288] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an NT-TRP transmitting an SS / PBCH block at Zenith= -10.
[0289] When the NT-TRP moves to a location at a Zenith angle of -10 degrees, the NT-TRP may determine that the SS / PBCH block#2 is located in the beginning of the 4th slot (starting from the left) . The timing information of the SS / PBCH block#2 is associated with the position information of the NT-TRP.
[0290] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an NT-TRP transmitting an SS / PBCH block at Zenith= 0.
[0291] When the NT-TRP moves to a location at a Zenith angle of 0 degrees, the NT-TRP may determine that the SS / PBCH block#3 is located in the middle of the 4th slot (starting from the left) . The timing information of the SS / PBCH block#3 is associated with the position information of the NT-TRP.
[0292] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an NT-TRP transmitting an SS / PBCH block at Zenith= 10.
[0293] When the NT-TRP moves to a location at a Zenith angle of 10 degrees, the NT-TRP may determine that the SS / PBCH block#4 is located in the beginning of the 4th slot (starting from the left) . The timing information of the SS / PBCH block#4 is associated with the position information of the NT-TRP.
[0294] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an NT-TRP transmitting an SS / PBCH block at Zenith= 20.
[0295] When the NT-TRP is located at a Zenith angle of 20 degrees, the NT-TRP may determine that the SS / PBCH block#5 is located in the 3rd slot (starting from the left) . The timing information of the SS / PBCH block#5 is associated with the position information of the NT-TRP.
[0296] Referring FIG. 14 to FIG. 18, the NT-TRP is moving from left to right, the NT-TRP may adjust the time location of its SS / PBCH block within its system frame such that it aligns with the time location of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted by other NT-TRPs within a coordinating set. This may be done in order to make the synchronization procedure easier for devices on the ground as the same SS / PBCH block (where “same” may mean that the PSS / SSS pseudo random noise binary sequences are generated using the same scrambling identities) . From the perspective of an anchor location on the ground, there may be a so-called “visibility cone” which may be described as a “dome” above the anchor location.
[0297] Starting from the left position, a NT-TRP may transmit a system frame carrying an SS / PBCH block located in the middle of the 3rd slot. As the NT-TRP enters the visibility cone of the anchor location, this SS / PBCH block may be detected by a device on the ground (e.g. ED) which may use a Tx / Rx beam pointing at a Zenith Angle of -20 degrees. As the NT-TRP continues moving further inside the visibility cone of the anchor location, the NT-TRP may transmit a system frame carrying an SS / PBCH block located at the beginning of the 4th slot. This may be done to reflect the fact that the NT-TRP is moving closer towards the anchor location, and the SS / PBCH block may be detected by a device on the ground (e.g. ED) which may use a Tx / Rx beam pointing at a Zenith Angle of -10 degrees. As the NT-TRP continues moving further inside the visibility cone of the anchor location, the NT-TRP may transmit a system frame carrying an SS / PBCH block located within the 4th slot. This may be done to reflect the fact that the NT-TRP is at the closest location relative to the anchor location, and the SS / PBCH block may be detected by a device on the ground (e.g. ED) which may use a Tx / Rx beam pointing at a Zenith Angle of 0 degrees. Up to this point, the NT-TRP may have been coming closer to the anchor location, which resulted in the SS / PBCH block time location within the system frame moving closer to the end of the System Frame. From this point onwards, the NT-TRP may be moving away from the anchor location, which may result in the SS / PBCH block time location within the system frame moving closer to the beginning of the System Frame. As the NT-TRP continues moving away from the anchor location, the NT-TRP may transmit a system frame carrying an SS / PBCH block located at the beginning of the 4th slot. This may be done to reflect the fact that the NT-TRP is moving away from the anchor location, and the SS / PBCH block may be detected by a device on the ground (e.g. ED) which may use a Tx / Rx beam pointing at a Zenith Angle of 10 degrees. As the NT-TRP continues moving away from the anchor location, the NT-TRP may transmit a system frame carrying an SS / PBCH block located in the slot. This may be done to reflect the fact that the NT-TRP is at the furthest location relative to the anchor location (i.e. at the edge of the visibility cone) , and the SS / PBCH block may be detected by a device on the ground (e.g. ED) which may use a Tx / Rx beam pointing at a Zenith Angle of 20 degrees.
[0298] There may be several benefits from such floating SS / PBCH blocks. The first benefit is that it allows for more reliable synchronization for devices on the ground (such as e.g. EDs) due to reduced beam sweeping effort. Instead of finding the best beam by doing exhaustive search across many beams aiming in different directions in the Zenith domain, devices on the ground (such as e.g. EDs) may simply pick one direction in the Zenith domain and perform initial access based on the detected SS / PBCH block in that direction. The second benefit is that the design of floating SS / PBCH blocks may allow for location-centric design in the sense that SS / PBCH blocks may arrive from different directions in the Zenith domain at the same time at a given anchor location or reference point. The third benefit is that the design of floating SS / PBCH blocks may allow for better network transparency in the sense that different NT-TRPs working within a coordinating set may transmit the same SS / PBCH block (where “same” may mean that the PSS / SSS pseudo random noise binary sequences are generated using the same scrambling identities) , and for devices on the ground the SS / PBCH blocks may simply look like they’ re coming from different directions, no matter the orbit of the NT-TRPs.
[0299] FIG. 19 shows that a given NT-TRP transmits a system frame and the system frame includes an SS / PBCH block in the middle of the 3rd slot.
[0300] Due to the fact that SS / PBCH blocks may move flexibly within a system frame, upon detecting an SS / PBCH block an ED may not be able to determine the System Frame’s boundaries, as well as the slot boundaries. In order to assist the ED, the PBCH may include certain higher-layer parameters. These higher-layer parameters may be e.g. symbolPosition, which may denote the first OFDM symbol where the SS / PBCH block is located, and e.g. slotPosition, which may denote the slot within which the SS / PBCH block is located. Assuming that the ED knows that a given System Frame contains an integer number of slots, denoted as N where e.g. N=10, then upon decoding an SS / PBCH block and decoding the symbolPosition and slotPosition the ED would know all of the slot boundaries and frame boundaries, and thus have a clear timing reference assumption for where physical layer reference signals and / or physical layer channels may be located. An illustration of the symbolPosition and slotPosition higher-layer parameters is shown in FIG. 20:
[0301] FIG. 20 shows an SS / PBCH block whose first OFDM symbol is located on the 6th OFDM symbol within the 3rd slot (or called Slot#2) of the system frame.
[0302] As shown in FIG. 20, the ED may obtain timing information, where the timing information indicates a first parameter (e.g., symbolPosition) and a second parameter (e.g., slotPosition) . A value of the symblolPosition is equal to “0110” , which indicates the SS / PBCH block is transmitted in symbol#6. A value of the slotPosition is equal to “0010” , which indicates the SS / PBCH block is transmitted in slot#2. The ED may detect the SS / PBCH block, and determine the system frame boundary, the slot boundary and the first OFDM symbol boundary for the SS / PBCH block.
[0303] FIG. 21 illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure a master information block (MIB) .
[0304] As aforementioned, the timing information may be included in a MIB. For example, the MIB shows a higher-layer parameter ssbPositionInSF which may include the higher-layer parameters symbolPosition and slotPosition. The higher-layer parameters symbolPosition and slotPosition may be captured as a bit string of a given size, e.g. 4 bits. The presence of these higher-layer parameters may be mandatory, in which case the higher-layer parameters may not be followed with the “OPTIONAL” keyword, or the presence of these higher-layer parameters may be optional, in which case the higher-layer parameter may be followed with the “OPTIONAL” keyword.
[0305] There may be several benefits from such embedding of information, regarding the SS / PBCH block location within a System Frame (e.g. through higher-layer parameters such as symbolPosition and / or slotPosition) , inside of the MIB. The first benefit is that it allows devices on the ground e.g. EDs to determine the location of the respective slot and system frame boundaries upon successful decoding of the MIB. The other benefit is that embedding higher-layer parameters such as symbolPosition and slotPosition makes the Initial Access procedure smoother in the sense that devices on the ground e.g. EDs may be able to precisely locate the Control Resource Set (CORESET) where PDCCHs scheduling PDSCHs carrying System Information Blocks (SIBs) may be monitored / detected / decoded by EDs.
[0306] FIG. 22 illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure a system information block1 (SIB1) .
[0307] As aforementioned, the timing information may be included in a SIB1. For example, the SIB1 shows a higher-layer parameter ssbPositionPerBAI which may include the higher-layer parameters symbolPosition and slotPosition. The higher-layer parameter ssbPositionPerBAI may include a list of BAIs, denoted by the higher-layer parameter bai, and for each bai there may be a corresponding set of higher-layer parameters symbolPosition and / or slotPosition. The higher-layer parameters symbolPosition and slotPosition may be captured as a bit string of a given size, e.g. 4 bits. The presence of these higher-layer parameters may be mandatory, in which case the higher-layer parameters may not be followed with the “OPTIONAL” keyword, or the presence of these higher-layer parameters may be optional, in which case the higher-layer parameter may be followed with the “OPTIONAL” keyword.
[0308] There may be several benefits from such embedding of information, regarding the SS / PBCH block location within a system frame (e.g. through higher-layer parameters such as symbolPosition and / or slotPosition) , inside of a SIB. The first benefit is that EDs that are in idle mode and that have retained this information, from a previous iteration of initial access procedure, in their internal memory may know about how the floating SS / PBCH block timing assumption may change in other BAIs.
[0309] The methods according to embodiments of this application are described above in detail with reference to FIGS. 11-22. The apparatuses provided in embodiments of this application are described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 23-24.The description of apparatus embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, refer to the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0310] Referring to FIG. 23 a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The communication apparatus 10 includes a transceiver unit 11 and a processing unit 12. The transceiver unit 11 may implement a corresponding communication function, and the processing unit 11 is configured to perform data processing. The transceiver unit 11 may also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication unit.
[0311] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 10 may further include a storage unit. The storage unit may be configured to store instructions and / or data. The processing unit 12 may read instructions and / or data in the storage unit, to enable the communication apparatus to implement the foregoing method embodiments.
[0312] The communication apparatus 10 may be configured to perform actions performed by the ED in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 10 may be the ED or a component that can be configured in the ED. The transceiver unit 11 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the ED side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 12 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the ED side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0313] The communication apparatus 10 may implement steps or procedures performed by the ED in FIGS. 11-22 according to embodiments of this application. The communication apparatus 10 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the ED in FIGS. 11-22. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 10 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 11-22.
[0314] Alternatively, the communication apparatus 10 may be configured to perform actions performed by the first NT-TRP in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 10 may be the first NT-TRP or a component that can be configured in the first NT-TRP. The transceiver unit 11 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the first NT-TRP side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 12 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the first NT-TRP side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0315] The communication apparatus 10 may implement steps or procedures performed by the first NT-TRP in FIGS. 11-22 according to embodiments of this application. The communication apparatus 10 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the first NT-TRP in FIGS. 11-22. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 10 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 11-22.
[0316] A specific process in which the units perform the foregoing corresponding steps is described in detail in the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0317] Referring to FIG. 24, a schematic block diagram of another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The communication apparatus 20 includes a processor 21. The processor 21 is coupled to a memory 22. The memory 22 is configured to store a computer program or instructions and / or data. The processor 21 is configured to execute the computer program or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 22, so that the methods in the foregoing method embodiments are executed.
[0318] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 20 includes one or more processors 21.
[0319] In an example, as shown in FIG. 24, the communication apparatus 20 may further include the memory 22.
[0320] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 20 may include one or more memories 22.
[0321] In an example, the memory 22 may be integrated with the processor 21, or disposed separately from the processor 21.
[0322] In an example, as shown in FIG. 24, the communication apparatus 20 may further include a transceiver 23, where the transceiver 23 is configured to receive and / or transmit a signal. For example, the processor 21 may be configured to control the transceiver 23 to receive and / or transmit a signal.
[0323] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 20 may be an ED or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the ED; or the communication apparatus 20 may be a first NT-TRP or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the first NT-TRP.
[0324] In a solution, the communication apparatus 20 is configured to perform the operations performed by the ED in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0325] For example, the processor 21 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the ED in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 23 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the ED in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0326] In another solution, the communication apparatus 20 is configured to perform the operations performed by the first NT-TRP in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0327] For example, the processor 21 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the first NT-TRP in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 23 may be configured to perform a communicating- related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the first NT-TRP in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0328] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus / chipset system comprising means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement a method implemented by (or at) an ED of the present disclosure. The apparatus / chipset system may be the ED (that is, a terminal device) or a module / component in the ED. In details, the at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0329] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus / chipset system comprising means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement the method implemented by (or at) a first NT-TRP (e.g., satellite) of the present disclosure. The apparatus / chipset system may be the first NT-TRP or a module / component in the first NT-TRP. In details, the at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0330] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) an ED of the present disclosure, or an apparatus in (or at) a first NT-TRP of the present disclosure.
[0331] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) an ED of the present disclosure, and an apparatus in (or at) a first NT-TRP of the present disclosure.
[0332] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0333] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0334] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions used to implement the method performed by the ED or the method performed by the first NT-TRP in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0335] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer may be enabled to implement the method performed by the ED or the method performed by the first NT-TRP in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0336] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method performed by the ED or the method performed by the first NT-TRP in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0337] For explanations and beneficial effects of related content of any communication apparatus provided above, refer to a corresponding method embodiment provided above. Details are not described herein again.
[0338] The processor mentioned in embodiments of this application may be a central processing unit (CPU) . The processor may further be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , or another programmable logic device, a discrete gate, a transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, or the like. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
[0339] It will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0340] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0341] Without special noting, the terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable, and the terms “identity” and “identifier” are sued exchangeable. The terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application.
[0342] In the disclosure, the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” or “including” in the claims and / or the specification may mean “one” , but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more” , “at least one” , and “one or more than one” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Similarly, the word “another” may mean at least a second or more unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0343] In the disclosure, the words “first” , “second” , etc., when used before a same term (e.g., ED, or an operating step) does not mean an order or a sequence of the term. For example, the “first ED” and the “second ED” , means two different EDs without specially indicated, and similarly, the “first step” and the “second step” means two different operating steps without specially indicated, but does not mean the first step have to happen before the second step. The real order depends on the logic of the two steps.
[0344] The terms “coupled” , “coupling” or “connected” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, as used herein, the terms coupled, coupling, or connected can indicate that two elements or devices are directly connected to one another or connected to one another through one or more intermediate elements or devices via a mechanical element depending on the particular context.
[0345] Note that the expression “at least one of A or B” , as used herein, is interchangeable with the expression “A and / or B” . It refers to a list in which you may select A or B or both A and B. Similarly, “at least one of A, B, or C” , as used herein, is interchangeable with “A and / or B and / or C” or “A, B, and / or C” . It refers to a list in which you may select: A or B or C, or both A and B, or both A and C, or both B and C, or all of A, B and C. The same principle applies for longer lists having a same format.
[0346] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0347] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or the processor of the another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0348] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0349] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the another programmable device provide steps for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0350] The term “receive” , “detect” and “decode” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, without special note, the term “receive” may indicate that information (e.g., DCI, or MAC-CE, RRC signaling or TB) is received successfully by the receiving node, which means the receiving side correctly detect and decode it. In this scenario, “receive” may cover “detect” and “decode” or may indicates same thing, e.g., “receive paging” means decoding paging correctly and obtaining the paging successfully, accordingly, “the receiving side does not receive paging” means the receiving side does not detect and / or decoding the paging. “paging is not received” means the receiving side tries to detect and / or decoding the paging, but not obtain the paging successfully. The term “receive” may sometimes indicate that a signal arrives at the receiving side, but does not mean the information in the signal is detected and decoded correctly, then the receiving side need perform detecting and decoding on the signal to obtain the information carried in the signal. In this scenario, “receive” , “detect” and “decode” may indicate different procedure at receiving side to obtain the information.
[0351] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. When combining two or more embodiments, not all the features in the embodiments to be combined are necessary for the combination.
[0352] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0353] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope of this application.
[0354] The foregoing description is merely a specific implementation of this application, but is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims and the specification.
Claims
1.A communication method, wherein the method is applied to an electronic device (ED) , comprising:receiving a first synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block from a first non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) ;wherein the first SS / PBCH block comprises timing information of the first SS / PBCH block within a first frame.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the timing information is associated with position information of the first NT-TRP.3.The method according to claim 2, wherein the timing information indicates a slot in the first frame, wherein the first SS / PBCH block is located in the slot.4.The method according to claim 3, wherein the timing information further indicates one or more symbols occupied by the first SS / PBCH block.5.The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a position of the first SS / PBCH block in the first frame and a frame boundary of the first frame meet a condition, and the frame boundary of the first frame is a timing when the first frame is received by the ED.6.The method according to claim 5, wherein the condition comprises: a sum of a first duration and a second duration is in a range or equal to a threshold, the first duration is from a timing when the first frame is transmitted by the first NT-TRP to the frame boundary of the first frame, and the second duration is from the frame boundary of the first frame to start timing of the first SS / PBCH block.7.The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a position of a second SS / PBCH block in a second frame and a frame boundary of the second frame meet the condition, and the second frame is from a second NT-TRP.8.The method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the position information comprises one or more of:first information that indicates a relative distance between the first NT-TRP and a reference point; andsecond information that indicates a relative direction between the first NT-TRP and the reference point.9.The method according to claim 8, wherein the first information is obtained from one or more of: demodulation reference signal (DMRS) of the first SS / PBCH block and PBCH payload of the first SS / PBCH block.10.A communication method, wherein the method is applied to a first non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) , comprising:determining timing information of a first synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block within a first frame; andtransmitting the first SS / PBCH block to an electronic device (ED) based on the timing information, wherein the first SS / PBCH block comprises the timing information.11.The method according to claim 10, wherein the timing information is associated with position information of the first NT-TRP.12.The method according to claim 11, wherein the timing information indicates a slot in the first frame, wherein the first SS / PBCH block is located in the slot.13.The method according to claim 12, wherein the first information further indicates one or more symbols occupied by the first SS / PBCH block.14.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein a position of the first SS / PBCH block in the first frame and a frame boundary of the first frame meet a condition, and the frame boundary of the first frame is a timing when the first frame is received by the ED.15.The method according to claim 14, wherein the condition comprises: a sum of a first duration and a second duration is in a range or equal to a threshold, the first duration is from a timing when the first frame is transmitted by the first NT-TRP to the frame boundary of the first frame, and the second duration is from the frame boundary of the first frame to start timing of the first SS / PBCH block.16.The method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein a position of a second SS / PBCH block in a second frame and a frame boundary of the second frame meet the condition, and the second frame is transmitted from a second NT-TRP to the ED.17.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the position information comprises one or more of:first information that indicates a relative distance between the first NT-TRP and a reference point; andsecond information that indicates a relative direction between the first NT-TRP and the reference point.18.The method according to claim 17, wherein the first information is obtained from one or more of: demodulation reference signal (DMRS) of the first SS / PBCH block and PBCH payload of the first SS / PBCH block.19.A communication method, wherein the method is applied to an electronic device (ED) , comprising:receiving timing information of a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block within a frame from a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) ; andreceiving the SS / PBCH block based on the timing information from the NT-TRP.20.The method according to claim 19, wherein the timing information is included in a system information block (SIB) .21.A communication method, wherein the method is applied to a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) , comprising:determining timing information of a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block within a frame;transmitting the timing information to an electronic device (ED) ; andtransmitting the SS / PBCH block based on the timing information to the ED.22.The method according to claim 21, wherein the timing information is included in a system information block (SIB) .23.An apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises a processor and a memory storing one or more instructions that is capable of being run on the processor, and when the one or more instructions are run, the apparatus is enabled to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or perform the method according to any one of claims 10 to 18, or perform the method according to claim 19 or 20, or perform the method according to claim 21 or 22.24.An apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises a function or unit to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or perform the method according to any one of claims 10 to 18, or perform the method according to claim 19 or 20, or perform the method according to claim 21 or 22.25.A communications system, comprising a first apparatus and a second apparatus, wherein the first apparatus performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the second apparatus performs the method according to any one of claims 10 to 18; or the first apparatus performs the method according claim 19 or 20, and the second apparatus performs the method according to claim 21 or 22.26.A computer readable storage medium, comprising one or more instructions, wherein when the one or more instructions are run on a computer, the computer performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or the method according to any one of claims 10 to 18, or perform the method according to claim 19 or 20, or perform the method according to claim 21 or 22.27.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instruction the instructions causing a processor in a device to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or the method according to any one of claims 10 to 18, or the method according to claim 19 or 20, or the method according to claim 21 or 22.28.A device configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or the method according to any one of claims 10 to 18, or the method according to claim 19 or 20, or the method according to claim 21 or 22.29.A processor, configured to execute instructions to cause a device to perform the method according any one of claims 1 to 9, or the method according to any one of claims 10 to 18, or the method according to claim 19 or 20, or the method according to claim 21 or 22.30.An integrated circuit configure to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or the method according to any one of claims 10 to 18, or the method according to claim 19 or 20, or the method according to claim 21 or 22.31.A communication apparatus, comprising: a transceiver unit, configured to perform the receiving step according to any one of claims 1 to 9.32.A communication apparatus, comprising:a transceiver unit, configured to perform the transmitting step according to any one of claims 10 to 18; anda processing unit, configured to perform the processing step according to any one of claims 10 to 18.33.A communication apparatus, comprising: a transceiver unit, configured to perform the receiving step according to claim 19 or 20.34.A communication apparatus, comprising:a transceiver unit, configured to perform the transmitting step according to claim 19 or 20; anda processing unit, configured to perform the processing step according to claim 19 or 20.
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