Modulation method and apparatus, and demodulation method and apparatus

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a modulation method and apparatus, and a demodulation method and apparatus. The modulation method comprises: on the basis of a first MCS, determining a first constellation diagram from among a plurality of constellation diagrams, wherein the modulation orders of the plurality of constellation diagrams are all M, the plurality of constellation diagrams comprise the first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram, the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different, and a mapping bit corresponding to each constellation point in each constellation diagram consists of a mapping bit corresponding to an I-axis amplitude value of the constellation point and a mapping bit corresponding to a Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point; and on the basis of the first constellation diagram, performing constellation mapping on codewords to obtain a modulation symbol, and outputting same. In the embodiments of the present application, a constellation diagram used for modulation is determined on the basis of an MCS, such that compared with methods for determining, on the basis of modulation orders only, a constellation diagram for modulation, a more flexible constellation diagram design method is provided; and different constellation diagrams can correspond to different MCSs under an identical modulation order, thereby achieving both the sensing performance and the communication performance of modulation and demodulation methods, and better meeting ISAC requirements.

Description

Modulation method, demodulation method and device

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China on February 23, 2024, with application number 202410205268.2 and application name "A Modulation Method, Demodulation Method and Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a modulation method, a demodulation method and a device. Background Art

[0004] Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a key application scenario in wireless communication systems. ISAC refers to the ability to simultaneously achieve both communication and perception through wireless signals. Therefore, ISAC places high demands on both the communication and perception capabilities of wireless signals.

[0005] In wireless communication systems, common signal modulation methods include quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and phase shift keying (PSK). However, these modulation methods use a single constellation design, with each modulation order corresponding to a fixed constellation. This results in poor radio signal perception for QAM modulation and poor communication capabilities for PSK modulation, failing to meet ISAC requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a modulation method, a demodulation method and an apparatus, which take into account both the perception performance and the communication performance of the modulation and demodulation modes.

[0007] In a first aspect, a modulation method is provided, which can be performed by a first communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "first communication device" in this application can refer to the first communication device itself (for example, a network device, a terminal device), or a component in the first communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device. The method includes: determining a first constellation diagram from multiple constellation diagrams according to a first modulation coding scheme (MCS); wherein the modulation order (hereinafter referred to as the order) of the multiple constellation diagrams is M, where M is a positive integer; the multiple constellation diagrams include a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram, the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different; the mapping bits corresponding to each constellation point in each constellation diagram in the multiple constellation diagrams are composed of the mapping bits corresponding to the I-axis amplitude value and the mapping bits corresponding to the Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point; constellation mapping is performed on the codeword according to the first constellation diagram to obtain a modulation symbol; and the modulation symbol is output.

[0008] In the embodiment of the present application, the constellation diagram used for modulation is determined according to the MCS (such as the first constellation diagram). In other words, the constellation diagram used for modulation is related to the MCS. Compared with determining the constellation diagram used for modulation only according to the modulation order, the embodiment of the present application provides a more flexible constellation diagram design method, which can achieve different constellation diagrams corresponding to different MCSs under the same modulation order (for example, the first MCS and the second MCS under the M order correspond to the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram, respectively), so that the constellation diagrams used in different MCS (i.e., different channel conditions) scenarios can take into account the perception performance and communication performance of the modulation method, and better meet the requirements of the ISAC.

[0009] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram is different from the second constellation diagram, which may include: the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the second constellation diagram, and / or the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the second constellation diagram.

[0010] It can be understood that the I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value can also be replaced by other descriptions such as the I-axis amplitude value set, and the Q-axis minimum amplitude absolute value can also be replaced by other descriptions such as the Q-axis amplitude value set.

[0011] In this design, different MCSs of the same order correspond to different I-axis amplitude values ​​of the constellation diagrams and / or different MCSs of the same order correspond to different Q-axis amplitude values ​​of the constellation diagrams, so that the communication performance of the constellation diagrams used in different MCS (i.e., different channel conditions) scenarios can be as close as possible to or reach the optimal performance in the scenario.

[0012] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different, which may include: a constellation point corresponding to the first mapping bit in the first constellation diagram is different from a constellation point corresponding to the first mapping bit in the second constellation diagram. The different constellation points can be understood as different coordinates of the constellation points.

[0013] In this design approach, different constellation diagrams at the same order only change the arrangement of the constellation points, without changing the correspondence between the constellation points and the mapping bits, which can reduce the complexity of implementation.

[0014] In one possible design, the I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value and the Q-axis minimum amplitude absolute value of the first constellation diagram are different. It is understood that the I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value can also be replaced by other descriptions such as an I-axis amplitude value set, and the Q-axis minimum amplitude absolute value can also be replaced by other descriptions such as a Q-axis amplitude value set.

[0015] This design approach independently designs the I-axis and Q-axis amplitude values ​​of the first constellation, enabling different constellations for different MCSs at the same order. This approach takes into account both the need to reduce constellation design complexity and the need to improve constellation communication performance, achieving optimal communication performance under different channel conditions.

[0016] In one possible design, the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram is greater than the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram.

[0017] In this way, the distance between the constellation points in the first constellation diagram in the Q-axis direction can be made larger, which helps to improve the communication performance of the wireless signal generated based on the first constellation diagram.

[0018] In one possible design, when M=3, the code rate of the first MCS is a first value, and the spectral efficiency is a second value, the ratio of the absolute value of the minimum amplitude on the Q axis of the first constellation diagram to the absolute value of the minimum amplitude on the I axis of the first constellation diagram is a real number greater than 1. The first value and the second value can be set as needed without limitation.

[0019] In this way, under preset channel conditions (such as when the code rate is the first value and the spectrum efficiency is the second value), the communication performance of the wireless signal can be improved by increasing the Q-axis amplitude value.

[0020] In one possible design, the real part of the modulation symbol is determined based on the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram; the imaginary part of the modulation symbol is determined based on the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram; wherein the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis.

[0021] Exemplarily, M=3; the mapping rule of the first constellation diagram is, for example: d(i)=(A-2Ab(3i))[2A-(A1-2Ab(3i+1))]+j(B-2Bb(3i+2)); wherein A represents the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the I-axis of the first constellation diagram, B represents the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the Q-axis of the first constellation diagram, b(3i), b(3i+1), and b(3i+2) represent the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit in the codeword, respectively, d(i) represents the modulation symbol of the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit mapped to the constellation point in the first constellation diagram, and j is an imaginary unit.

[0022] Of course, the above is only a mapping example, and the actual mapping rule of the first constellation diagram is not limited thereto.

[0023] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram is different from the second constellation diagram, which may include: the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the second constellation diagram (referred to as the I-axis amplitude value interval); and / or the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the second constellation diagram (referred to as the Q-axis amplitude value interval).

[0024] This design approach ensures that the communication and perception performance of the constellations used in different MCS (i.e., different channel conditions) scenarios are as close to or as optimal as possible by designing different constellations with different I-axis amplitude value intervals and / or Q-axis amplitude value intervals.

[0025] In one possible design, an interval between I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from an interval between Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the first constellation diagram.

[0026] This design method flexibly configures the I-axis amplitude value interval and the Q-axis amplitude value interval of the first constellation diagram, so that the constellation points in the first constellation diagram have low complexity and can be received separately for the real and imaginary parts, while also taking into account the improvement of the communication performance and perception performance of the signal.

[0027] In one possible design, the modulation symbol includes a first modulation symbol and a second modulation symbol; the real part of the first modulation symbol and the second modulation symbol is determined based on the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram; the imaginary part of the first modulation symbol is determined based on the absolute value of the first amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram, and the imaginary part of the second modulation symbol is determined based on the absolute value of the second amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram.

[0028] For example, M=3; the mapping rule of the first constellation diagram is, for example:

[0029] Wherein, A1 represents the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram, B1 represents the first absolute value of the amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram, B2 represents the second absolute value of the amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram, b(3i), b(3i+1), and b(3i+2) represent the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit in the codeword, respectively, d(i) represents the modulation symbol of the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit mapped to the constellation point in the first constellation diagram, and j is an imaginary unit.

[0030] Of course, the above is only a mapping example, and the actual mapping rule of the first constellation diagram is not limited thereto.

[0031] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram of 2 M The arrangement of the constellation points is quasi-circular or octagonal.

[0032] In this way, the amplitude difference between the constellation points in the first constellation diagram is small, so that the wireless signal generated based on the constellation diagram can be close to the equilibrium modulus, thereby improving the perception performance of the wireless signal.

[0033] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram of 2 M The constellation points correspond one by one to the 2 in the third constellation diagram M constellation points, the modulation order of the third constellation diagram is N, and N is a positive integer greater than M.

[0034] This design method extracts some constellation points from a higher-order constellation diagram as the constellation points of the first constellation diagram, so that the characteristics of the constellation points in the first constellation diagram can follow the characteristics of the constellation points in the existing constellation diagram. It has strong compatibility, can reduce the complexity of the receiver, and can also reduce the cost of the protocol.

[0035] In one possible design, one or more of the following information of the first constellation diagram is related to the first MCS: the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I-axis, the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q-axis, the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction, and the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction.

[0036] In one possible design, the first MCS includes one or more of an MCS index, a modulation order, a code rate, and a spectrum efficiency.

[0037] In one possible design, M is an odd number, meaning the first constellation is an odd-bit constellation. Because odd-bit constellations are non-centrosymmetric, they offer a wider design space and are more easily able to balance communication and perception performance.

[0038] In a second aspect, a demodulation method is provided, which can be performed by a second communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "second communication device" in this application can refer to the second communication device itself (for example, a terminal device, a network device), or a component in the second communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the second communication device. The method includes: obtaining a modulation symbol; determining a first constellation diagram from multiple constellation diagrams based on a first MCS; wherein the order of the multiple constellations is M, M is a positive integer, the multiple constellations include a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram, the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different, and the mapping bits corresponding to each constellation point in each constellation diagram in the multiple constellations are composed of the mapping bits corresponding to the I-axis amplitude value and the mapping bits corresponding to the Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point; constellation demodulation is performed on the modulation symbol according to the first constellation diagram to obtain a codeword.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the constellation diagram used for demodulation is determined according to the MCS (such as the first constellation diagram). In other words, the constellation diagram used for demodulation is related to the MCS. Compared with determining the constellation diagram used for demodulation only according to the modulation order, the embodiment of the present application provides a more flexible constellation diagram design method, which can achieve different constellation diagrams corresponding to different MCSs under the same modulation order (for example, the first MCS and the second MCS under the M order correspond to the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram, respectively), so that the constellation diagrams used in different MCS (i.e., different channel conditions) scenarios can take into account the perception performance and communication performance of the demodulation method, and better meet the requirements of the ISAC.

[0040] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram is different from the second constellation diagram, which may include: the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the second constellation diagram, and / or the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the second constellation diagram.

[0041] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different, which may include: a constellation point corresponding to the first mapping bit in the first constellation diagram is different from a constellation point corresponding to the first mapping bit in the second constellation diagram. The different constellation points can be understood as different coordinates of the constellation points.

[0042] In one possible design, the I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value and the Q-axis minimum amplitude absolute value of the first constellation diagram are different.

[0043] In one possible design, the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram is greater than the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram.

[0044] In one possible design, when M=3, the code rate of the first MCS is a first value, and the spectrum efficiency is a second value, the ratio of the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram to the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram is a real number greater than 1.

[0045] In one possible design, the real part of the modulation symbol is determined based on the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram; the imaginary part of the modulation symbol is determined based on the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram; wherein the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis.

[0046] Exemplarily, M=3; the mapping rule of the first constellation diagram is, for example: d(i)=(A-2Ab(3i))[2A-(A1-2Ab(3i+1))]+j(B-2Bb(3i+2)); wherein A represents the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the I-axis of the first constellation diagram, B represents the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the Q-axis of the first constellation diagram, b(3i), b(3i+1), and b(3i+2) represent the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit in the codeword, respectively, d(i) represents the modulation symbol of the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit mapped to the constellation point in the first constellation diagram, and j is an imaginary unit.

[0047] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram of 2 M The arrangement of the constellation points is quasi-circular or octagonal.

[0048] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram is different from the second constellation diagram, which may include: the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the second constellation diagram; and / or the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the second constellation diagram.

[0049] In one possible design, an interval between I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from an interval between Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the first constellation diagram.

[0050] In one possible design, the modulation symbol includes a first modulation symbol and a second modulation symbol; the real part of the first modulation symbol and the second modulation symbol is determined based on the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram; the imaginary part of the first modulation symbol is determined based on the absolute value of the first amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram, and the imaginary part of the second modulation symbol is determined based on the absolute value of the second amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram.

[0051] For example, M=3; the mapping rule of the first constellation diagram is, for example:

[0052] Wherein, A1 represents the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram, B1 represents the first absolute value of the amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram, B2 represents the second absolute value of the amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram, b(3i), b(3i+1), and b(3i+2) represent the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit in the codeword, respectively, d(i) represents the modulation symbol of the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit mapped to the constellation point in the first constellation diagram, and j is an imaginary unit.

[0053] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram of 2 M The constellation points correspond one by one to the 2 in the third constellation diagram M constellation points, the modulation order of the third constellation diagram is N, and N is a positive integer greater than M.

[0054] In one possible design, one or more of the following information of the first constellation diagram is related to the first MCS: the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I-axis, the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q-axis, the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction, and the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction.

[0055] In one possible design, the first MCS includes one or more of an MCS index, a modulation order, a code rate, and a spectrum efficiency.

[0056] In one possible design, M is an odd number.

[0057] For the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned design methods, please refer to the beneficial effects of the corresponding designs in the first aspect, without limitation.

[0058] According to a third aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a module, a unit, or a technical means for implementing the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.

[0059] Exemplarily, the apparatus may include:

[0060] a processing module, configured to determine a first constellation from multiple constellation diagrams according to a first MCS; wherein the modulation orders of the multiple constellations are all M, where M is a positive integer; the multiple constellations include a first constellation and a second constellation; the first constellation and the second constellation are different; and a mapping bit corresponding to each constellation point in each constellation in the multiple constellations comprises a mapping bit corresponding to an I-axis amplitude value and a mapping bit corresponding to a Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point; and constellation mapping is performed on a codeword according to the first constellation to obtain a modulation symbol.

[0061] The input-output module is used to output modulation symbols.

[0062] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a module, unit or technical means for implementing the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0063] Exemplarily, the apparatus may include:

[0064] An input and output module for obtaining modulation symbols;

[0065] A processing module is configured to determine a first constellation diagram from multiple constellation diagrams according to a first MCS; wherein the orders of the multiple constellations are all M, where M is a positive integer, the multiple constellations include a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram, the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different, and the mapping bits corresponding to each constellation point in each constellation diagram in the multiple constellations are composed of the mapping bits corresponding to the I-axis amplitude value and the mapping bits corresponding to the Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point; and constellation demodulation is performed on the modulation symbol according to the first constellation diagram to obtain a codeword.

[0066] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is electrically coupled to the processor, and the processor causes the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect to be executed through a logic circuit or execution code instructions, or causes the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect to be executed.

[0067] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising: at least one processor; and a communication interface communicatively connected to the at least one processor; the at least one processor executes instructions stored in a memory, so that the communication device executes the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect through the communication interface, or executes the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0068] In the seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are executed, the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect is executed, or the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect is executed.

[0069] In an eighth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising instructions which, when run on a computer, causes the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect to be executed, or causes the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect to be executed.

[0070] In the ninth aspect, a communication system is provided, comprising a first communication device and a second communication device, the first communication device being used to execute the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect, and the second communication device being used to execute the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0071] The specific designs and beneficial effects of the third to ninth aspects mentioned above can refer to the corresponding designs and beneficial effects in the first to second aspects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] FIG1 is a flowchart of the transmitter's processing of a DFT-s-OFDM signal;

[0073] Figure 2A is an 8-QAM constellation diagram;

[0074] FIG2B is a 16-QAM constellation diagram;

[0075] Figure 3 is the 8-PSK constellation diagram;

[0076] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application;

[0077] FIG5 is a flow chart of a modulation method and a demodulation method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0078] 6A to 6G are schematic diagrams of several constellation diagrams provided in embodiments of the present application;

[0079] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0080] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0081] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application, some of the terms mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are explained and illustrated below.

[0083] 1) The multiple involved in the embodiments of the present application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. In addition, it should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe each object in the embodiments of the present invention, these objects should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish each object from each other.

[0084] The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include other steps or units that are not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units that are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete way.

[0085] 2) Single carrier and multi-carrier:

[0086] Single-carrier refers to convolving a roll-off filter with serially arranged transmission signals to form a transmission signal; multi-carrier refers to arranging transmission signals in parallel and forming a transmission signal through inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).

[0087] Exemplarily, the single-carrier signal may be a single-carrier-quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-QAM) signal, and the multi-carrier signal may be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. In addition, the discrete Fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) signal is almost equivalent to the traditional single-carrier signal, but it uses a multi-carrier implementation method and is therefore easily compatible with OFDM. The DFT-s-OFDM signal can also be considered a single carrier.

[0088] FIG1 is a flow chart of signal processing at a transmitter when using a DFT-s-OFDM signal for communication.

[0089] As shown in FIG1 , the transmitter modulates a coded bit stream (the coded bit stream includes one or more code words) to obtain a modulated data sequence (the data sequence includes one or more modulation symbols). The transmitter performs time domain resource mapping on the reference signal sequence and the modulated sequence (i.e., determines the time domain resources for each sequence, such as determining the OFDM symbols carrying each sequence), where the reference signal sequence is, for example, at least one of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence, a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) sequence, a tracking reference signal (TRS) sequence, or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) sequence; performs transform domain coding on the sequence after time domain resource mapping (such as a discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) operation to transform it into the frequency domain); performs subcarrier mapping on the sequence after DFT (such as mapping it to a resource element (RE)); performs IFFT on the sequence after subcarrier mapping, and superimposes a cyclic prefix (CP) to obtain a DFT-s-OFDM sequence.

[0090] The receiver performs the opposite process to the transmitter. For example, after obtaining the DFT-s-OFDM sequence, the receiver removes the superimposed CP in the sequence and performs DFT, subcarrier demapping, IDFT, demodulation and other operations to recover the reference signal sequence (including one or more modulation symbols), the coded bit stream (including one or more codewords), etc.

[0091] It will be understood that the relevant operations in FIG1 are merely examples, and optionally, other possible operations may also be included, such as at least one of frequency domain spectrum shaping, serial-to-parallel conversion, parallel-to-serial conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, power amplification, low-noise amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion.

[0092] 3) Modulation coding scheme (MCS):

[0093] It can also be called a modulation and coding scheme, modulation and coding strategy, etc. In a communication system, when a transmitting communication device and a receiving communication device perform data transmission, the transmitting communication device can encode and modulate the information bits to be transmitted (including one or more codewords) according to the MCS to obtain modulation symbols, and then send the modulation symbols to the receiving device. After receiving the modulation symbols, the receiving device can demodulate and decode the modulation symbols according to the MCS to recover the original information bits (including one or more codewords).

[0094] Specifically, the MCS used by a communication device (a transmitting communication device and / or a receiving communication device) can be configured using an MCS table. As the name suggests, an MCS table is a table composed of MCSs. An MCS table may include at least one (or at least one) MCS. Each MCS has a corresponding index (i.e., an MCS index). Each MCS also corresponds to at least one of the following: modulation order, coding rate, and spectral efficiency. The coding rate may also be referred to as simply the code rate.

[0095] For example, Table 1 is an example of a possible MCS table, where a row in the table corresponds to an MCS, and each MCS can be identified by the MCS index of the MCS.

[0096] Table 1

[0097] It can be understood that Table 1 is only an example, and the form of the actual MCS table is not limited thereto.

[0098] The transmitting communication device can determine the modulation constellation based on the modulation order of the currently used MSC (e.g., a row in Table 1). In the MCS table, the same modulation order corresponds to the same constellation. For example, the constellation corresponding to a modulation order of 2 is the QPSK constellation, the constellation corresponding to a modulation order of 4 is the 16-QAM constellation, the constellation corresponding to a modulation order of 6 is the 64-QAM constellation, and so on.

[0099] 4) Modulation and demodulation:

[0100] Modulation involves the transmitter mapping the bit stream (specifically, the coded bits) to a constellation diagram to produce modulation symbols. Demodulation involves the receiver demapping the modulation symbols according to the constellation diagram to recover the bit stream. This transmission mechanism allows more information bits to be carried within a given transmission resource.

[0101] Common modulation methods include quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and phase shift keying (PSK) modulation.

[0102] (a) QAM:

[0103] QAM modulation, also known as QAM, is a type of vector modulation. Input bits are first mapped (typically using a Gray code) onto a complex plane (constellation) to form complex modulation symbols (modulation symbols). The I and Q components of these symbols (corresponding to the real and imaginary parts of the complex plane, i.e., the horizontal and vertical directions) are then amplitude modulated, corresponding to two carrier waves (cost and sint) that are orthogonal in the time domain. This doubles the spectrum efficiency of amplitude modulation (AM). QAM is a combined amplitude and phase modulation technique that utilizes both the amplitude and phase of the carrier to transmit information bits, thus achieving higher bandwidth utilization while maintaining the same minimum distance. Depending on the QAM modulation order, QAM can also be referred to as M-QAM, MQAM, or QAM-M, where M represents the modulation order, i.e., the type of symbol used in the transmitted signal. Examples include 4-QAM, 8-QAM, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM.

[0104] Each QAM corresponds to a fixed constellation diagram.

[0105] Figure 2A shows the constellation diagram for 8-QAM (8-QAM). The constellation diagram for 8-QAM modulation includes an 8-QAM signal with eight constellation points, each of which can represent a vector state. The eight constellation points in the 8-QAM modulation constellation diagram correspond to eight vector states, each of which corresponds to eight combinations of carrier amplitude and phase. Traditional 8-QAM can be received using real and virtual IQ separation, with the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the constellation points carrying different bits.

[0106] Figure 2B shows the constellation diagram for 16-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation). The 16-QAM constellation diagram includes a 16-QAM signal with 16 constellation points, each of which represents a vector state. The 16 constellation points in the 16-QAM constellation diagram correspond to 16 vector states, each of which corresponds to 16 combinations of carrier amplitude and phase.

[0107] As can be seen from Figures 2A and 2B, the amplitude differences between constellation points in the QAM constellation diagram are large, resulting in unbalanced modes in the generated signal. As a result, the signal perception performance is poor and does not meet the perception performance requirements of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC).

[0108] (b)PSK:

[0109] Also known as PSK modulation, it is a modulation method that uses phase difference signals to transmit bit information. The signal transmitted by PSK modulation is an orthogonal signal, and its basis must be a normalized signal. It can be understood that according to the order of PSK modulation, PSK can also be called M-PSK or MPSK or PSK-M, etc., where M represents the order of PSK modulation, that is, the type of symbol of the transmitted signal. For example, 2-PSK, 4-PSK, 16-PSK, 64-PSK and other types. Among them, 2PSK is also called binary phase shift keying (BPSK), and 4PSK is also called quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK).

[0110] Each PSK corresponds to a fixed constellation diagram.

[0111] Figure 3 shows the 8-PSK constellation diagram, which includes eight constellation points: "000," "001," "011," "010," "110," "111," "101," and "100." Similarly, the I and Q components of a constellation point in 8-PSK correspond to the amplitudes of the carriers sint and cost, which are orthogonal in the time domain. Amplitude modulation of the carriers sint and cost yields the corresponding modulation symbol. These eight constellation points are evenly distributed on a circular ring, with the radius of the ring corresponding to the amplitude of the corresponding constellation point. This indicates that the signal amplitudes corresponding to these eight constellation points are identical; the only difference between the constellation points is their phase.

[0112] As shown in Figure 3, the amplitude values ​​of all constellation points in the PSK constellation are the same, so the generated signal is modulated and has excellent perceptual performance. However, as the modulation order increases, the number of constellation points on the unit circle increases, the Euclidean distance between constellation points decreases, and the signal communication performance deteriorates, failing to meet the ISAC's communication performance requirements.

[0113] According to the above, when the transmitting communication device and the receiving communication device transmit data, the transmitting communication device determines the constellation diagram used for modulation based on the modulation order in the MCS. Under this modulation scheme, different MCSs with the same modulation order correspond to the same constellation diagram. The constellation diagram design method is too simple, resulting in poor perception capability of the wireless signal generated by QAM modulation and poor communication capability of the wireless signal generated by PSK modulation, which cannot meet the requirements of ISAC.

[0114] In order to solve one or more of the above-mentioned technical problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a modulation method, a demodulation method and an apparatus, which can provide a more flexible constellation diagram design method, compatible with considering signal perception performance and communication performance to meet the requirements of ISAC.

[0115] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems, such as new radio (NR) systems, sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems, universal mobile telecommunications systems (UMTS), wireless local area networks (WLAN), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, and other communication systems that will evolve in the future.

[0116] The embodiments of the present application can be applied to the following scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), multi-site transmission (the same terminal device transmits signals to multiple sites), backhaul scenarios, wireless broadband to the home (WTTx), device to device (D2D), or machine type communications (MTC), etc.

[0117] For example, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, the communication system may include one or more network devices and one or more terminal devices. The interface between the network device and the terminal device may be a Uu interface (or air interface), and data may be transmitted between the network device and the terminal device via air interface resources.

[0118] FIG4 exemplifies scenarios applicable to embodiments of the present application, namely, eMBB (shown by the solid line in FIG4 ), multi-site transmission (shown by the dashed line ① in FIG4 ), backhaul scenario (shown by the dashed line ② in FIG4 ), and D2D (shown by the dashed line ③ in FIG4 ). It should be understood that the four scenarios shown in FIG4 are merely examples and are not limited to these by embodiments of the present application.

[0119] The network device can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next generation NodeB (gNB) in a fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system, a base station in a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, etc.; it can also be a module or unit that performs some of the functions of a base station, for example, a centralized unit (CU) or a distributed unit (DU). The access network device can be a macro base station (such as 110a in Figure 4), a micro base station or an indoor station (such as 110b in Figure 4), a relay node or a donor node, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the access network device. In the embodiments of the present application, a base station is used as an example of an access network device for description.

[0120] In one possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, and different RAN nodes respectively implement part of the functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node can be a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). The CU and DU can be set separately, or they can be included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in a radio frequency device or radio frequency unit, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0121] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU or RU may also have different names, but those skilled in the art can understand their meanings. For example, in an open radio access network (O-RAN or open RAN or ORAN) system, CU may also be called O-CU (open CU), DU may also be called O-DU, CU-CP may also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP may also be called O-CU-UP, and RU may also be called O-RU. For the convenience of description, this application takes CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU and RU as examples for description. Any unit of CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU and RU in this application can be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.

[0122] Terminal devices may also be referred to as terminals, user equipment (UE), mobile stations, mobile terminals, etc. Terminal devices can be widely used in various scenarios, for example, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IOT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, etc. Terminal devices may be mobile phones, tablet computers, computers with wireless transceiver functions, wearable devices, vehicles, drones, helicopters, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the terminal devices.

[0123] Base stations and UEs can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; on water; or in the air on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of base stations and UEs.

[0124] Communication between base stations and UEs, between base stations, and between UEs can be carried out through authorized spectrum, unauthorized spectrum, or both; communication can be carried out through spectrum below 6 gigahertz (GHz), spectrum above 6 GHz, or spectrum below 6 GHz and spectrum above 6 GHz. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

[0125] In the embodiments of the present application, the signals used for communication between a base station and a UE, between base stations, and between UEs may be single-carrier signals or multi-carrier signals, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0126] The communication system and scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are equally applicable to similar technical problems.

[0127] See Figure 5, which is a flowchart of a modulation method and a demodulation method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 4. The method can be performed by a first communication device and a second communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "first communication device" in this application can refer to the first communication device itself (for example, the network device or terminal device shown in Figure 4), or a component in the first communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can realize all or part of the functions of the first communication device. The "second communication device" in this application can refer to the second communication device itself (for example, the terminal device or network device shown in Figure 4), or a component in the second communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can realize all or part of the functions of the second communication device. The method includes S101 to S106:

[0128] S101. A first communication device determines a first constellation from multiple constellations according to a first MCS.

[0129] The modulation orders (hereinafter referred to as orders) of the multiple constellations are the same, such as M, where M is a positive integer. In one possible example, M is an odd number, such as 3, 5, or 7; in another possible example, M is an even number, such as 2, 4, or 6.

[0130] The mapping bits corresponding to each constellation point in each constellation diagram of the multiple constellation diagrams are composed of the mapping bits corresponding to the I-axis amplitude value and the mapping bits corresponding to the Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point. In other words, based on the modulation symbol generated by any constellation diagram in the multiple constellation diagrams, the receiver can use IQ separation (or real and imaginary separation) to receive the modulation symbol. Exemplarily, taking the constellation diagram with M=3 and modulation mode of 8-QAM as an example, each constellation point corresponds to three mapping bits, the vertical coordinate of the constellation point (i.e., the Q-axis coordinate) can determine the mapping bit of one of the three mapping bits, and the horizontal coordinate of the constellation point (i.e., the I-axis coordinate) can determine the other two mapping bits. For example, in the two constellation diagrams shown in Figure 6B, the first two bits of the mapping bits corresponding to each constellation point are determined by the horizontal coordinate of the constellation point, and the last bit of the mapping bit corresponding to each constellation point is determined by the vertical coordinate of the constellation point. It can be understood that the correspondence between the constellation points and the mapping bits in Figure 6B is only an example and is not limited to this.

[0131] At least two constellations in the plurality of constellation diagrams are different constellation diagrams. Exemplarily, the plurality of constellation diagrams include a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram, and the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different.

[0132] In some embodiments, the first communication device determines the first constellation diagram from multiple constellation diagrams according to the first MCS, which can also be replaced by describing: the first communication device determines the first constellation diagram from multiple constellation diagrams, wherein the first constellation diagram is related to the first MCS.

[0133] It can be understood that MCS is related to channel conditions, such as signal to interference plus noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, in some embodiments, the MCS in this document can also be replaced by other parameters that can characterize channel conditions, such as SNR.

[0134] It can be understood that the first MCS is the MCS used for the codeword to be transmitted (or processed). The determined first constellation is used to perform constellation mapping on the codeword, as described in step S102.

[0135] S102: The first communication device performs constellation mapping on the codeword according to the first constellation diagram to obtain a modulation symbol.

[0136] It is understood that a codeword (e.g., code word) includes one or more bits (specifically, information bits or encoded bits, without limitation). In some embodiments, a codeword may also be replaced with other descriptions such as a transport block, information bits, or encoded bits. Specifically, a transport block may be a transport block (TB), which is the basic unit of data exchange between the media access control (MAC) sublayer processed by the physical layer and the physical layer. Alternatively, a transport block is a data block containing a MAC protocol data unit (PDU).

[0137] In some embodiments, the first communications device constellation maps the codeword according to the first constellation diagram, which can also be described as: the first communications device modulates the codeword according to the first constellation diagram, i.e., maps bits in the codeword to modulation symbols (modulation symbols may be simply referred to as symbols) in the first constellation diagram, where each modulation symbol corresponds to a constellation point in the first constellation diagram, and the bits in the codeword match the mapped bits of the constellation point corresponding to the modulation symbol to which it is mapped. For example, in FIG6B , the modulation symbols mapped to the codeword bits "000" in the first constellation diagram are modulation symbols corresponding to the constellation point (-3A, B).

[0138] In the embodiment of the present application, different constellations can exist under the same modulation order. The first communication device determines the constellation used for the modulation of the codeword based on the MCS used for the codeword. In this way, different MCSs corresponding to the same modulation order (or different MCSs under the same modulation order) can correspond to different constellations. For example, the modulation order of the first MCS and the second MCS are both M, the first MCS corresponds to the first constellation, and the second MCS corresponds to the second constellation. It can be seen that the embodiment of the present application can improve the flexibility of the constellation design method, thereby helping to balance the perception performance and communication performance of the modulation method, and better meet the requirements of the ISAC.

[0139] Of course, in the embodiment of the present application, MCSs corresponding to the same constellation may exist at the same order. For example, the modulation order of the first MCS, the second MCS, and the third MCS are all M, where the first MCS corresponds to the first constellation, and the second and third MCSs correspond to the second constellation.

[0140] In the embodiments of the present application, the first MCS refers to a type (or one) of MCSs. For example, the specific content of the first MCS may include one or more of an MCS index, a modulation order, a code rate, and a spectrum efficiency. For ease of description, the MCS index, modulation order, code rate, and spectrum efficiency of the first MCS are all described as "first" below, for example, as the first MCS index, the first modulation order, the first code rate, and the first spectrum efficiency, respectively.

[0141] In some embodiments, the first MCS may specifically be a row in an MCS table. In other embodiments, since the first MCS may be uniquely identified by an MCS index of the first MCS (hereinafter referred to as the first MCS index), the first MCS may also refer to the first MCS index.

[0142] In one possible design, the first communications device determines a first constellation from multiple constellation diagrams based on the first MCS. Specifically, the first constellation may be determined from the multiple constellation diagrams based on one or more of the following information of the first MCS: at least one of a first MCS index, a first modulation order, a first code rate, and a first spectral efficiency. In other words, the one or more of the information of the first MCS is related to the first constellation.

[0143] In one possible design, the first communications device determines a first constellation from multiple constellation diagrams based on a first MCS. Specifically, one or more of the following information about the first constellation may be determined based on the first MCS: an I-axis amplitude value, a Q-axis amplitude value, an interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction (referred to as the I-axis amplitude value interval), and an interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction (referred to as the Q-axis amplitude value interval). In other words, the first MCS is associated with one or more of the following information about the first constellation: the I-axis amplitude value, the Q-axis amplitude value, the I-axis amplitude value interval, and the Q-axis amplitude value interval.

[0144] The following introduces the concepts of I-axis amplitude value, Q-axis amplitude value, I-axis amplitude value interval, and Q-axis amplitude value interval respectively:

[0145] (1) I-axis amplitude value refers to the I-axis amplitude value of a constellation point in the constellation diagram, or the component of the amplitude value of a constellation point in the constellation diagram on the I-axis. A constellation diagram may include one or more I-axis amplitude values. Furthermore, all I-axis amplitude values ​​of a constellation diagram may constitute an I-axis amplitude value set, that is, the I-axis amplitude value set of a constellation diagram includes all I-axis amplitude values ​​of the constellation diagram.

[0146] Determining the I-axis amplitude value of the first constellation diagram according to the first MCS includes: determining all I-axis amplitude values ​​of the first constellation diagram according to the first MCS; or determining part of the I-axis amplitude values ​​of the first constellation diagram according to the first MCS, for example, determining the I-axis amplitude value with the smallest absolute value in the first constellation diagram (hereinafter referred to as the I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value) according to the first MCS. Other I-axis amplitude values ​​can be determined based on the I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value. Therefore, the I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value can also be used to refer to all I-axis amplitude values.

[0147] Since the I-axis amplitude value of the constellation point is determined by the scale value of the I-axis in the coordinate system of the constellation diagram, in some embodiments, the above-mentioned I-axis amplitude value can also be replaced by the I-axis scale value, the I-axis coordinate value, etc.

[0148] For example, taking the constellation diagram shown in FIG6A as the first constellation diagram, the I-axis amplitude values ​​(or I-axis scale values) of the constellation diagram are: A, 3A, -A, -3A, where the I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value is A, and A is a positive number.

[0149] (2) Q-axis amplitude value refers to the Q-axis amplitude value of a constellation point in the constellation diagram, or the component of the amplitude value of a constellation point in the constellation diagram on the Q-axis. A constellation diagram may include one or more Q-axis amplitude values. Furthermore, all Q-axis amplitude values ​​of a constellation diagram may constitute a Q-axis amplitude value set, that is, the Q-axis amplitude value set of a constellation diagram includes all Q-axis amplitude values ​​of the constellation diagram.

[0150] Determining the Q-axis amplitude value of the first constellation diagram according to the first MCS includes: determining all Q-axis amplitude values ​​of the first constellation diagram according to the first MCS; or determining part of the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of the first constellation diagram according to the first MCS, for example, determining the Q-axis amplitude value with the smallest absolute value in the first constellation diagram (hereinafter referred to as the Q-axis minimum amplitude absolute value) according to the first MCS, and other Q-axis amplitude values ​​can be determined according to the Q-axis minimum amplitude absolute value, so the Q-axis minimum amplitude absolute value can also be used to refer to all Q-axis amplitude values.

[0151] Since the Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point is determined by the Q-axis scale value in the coordinate system of the constellation diagram, in some embodiments, the above-mentioned Q-axis amplitude value can also be replaced by the Q-axis scale value, the Q-axis coordinate value, etc.

[0152] For example, taking the constellation diagram shown in FIG6B as the first constellation diagram, the Q-axis amplitude values ​​(or Q-axis scale values) of the constellation diagram are: B, -B, wherein the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I-axis is B, and B is a positive number.

[0153] (3) I-axis amplitude value interval, that is, the interval of the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction, refers to the difference in the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction, or the distance between two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction, etc.

[0154] In some embodiments, the I-axis amplitude value of the constellation point is determined by the I-axis scale value in the coordinate system of the constellation diagram. Therefore, the above-mentioned I-axis amplitude value interval can also be replaced by the I-axis scale value interval.

[0155] For example, the constellation diagram shown in FIG6A is a first constellation diagram, and the I-axis amplitude value interval of this constellation diagram is 2A. It will be understood that FIG6A is based on an example in which the constellation points are uniformly distributed along the I-axis, and therefore the I-axis amplitude value interval is unique, namely, 2A. In practice, the constellation points may be non-uniformly distributed along the I-axis. In this case, the first constellation diagram may have multiple different I-axis amplitude value intervals.

[0156] In some embodiments, the I-axis amplitude value interval may be replaced by another description such as an I-axis amplitude ratio. The I-axis amplitude ratio may be the ratio (or proportion) of the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction. For example, taking the constellation diagram shown in FIG6A as the first constellation diagram, the I-axis amplitude ratio of the constellation diagram is 3A / A=3. All I-axis amplitude values ​​can be determined based on the minimum I-axis amplitude absolute value A and the ratio 3.

[0157] (4) Q-axis amplitude value interval, that is, the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction, refers to the difference between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction, or the distance between two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction, etc.

[0158] In some embodiments, the Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point is determined by the Q-axis scale value in the coordinate system of the constellation diagram. Therefore, the above-mentioned Q-axis amplitude value interval can also be replaced by what I described as the Q-axis scale value interval.

[0159] For example, the constellation diagram shown in FIG6B is the first constellation diagram, and the Q-axis amplitude value interval of the constellation diagram is 2B. It will be understood that FIG6B is based on the example of the first constellation diagram having only two Q-axis amplitude values, and therefore the Q-axis amplitude value interval is unique, namely 2B. Actual constellation points may have more Q-axis amplitude values ​​in the Q-axis direction, and the Q-axis amplitude values ​​may be evenly or unevenly distributed. The first constellation diagram may have a single Q-axis amplitude value interval or multiple different Q-axis amplitude value intervals, without limitation.

[0160] Similarly, the Q-axis amplitude value interval may also be replaced by other descriptions such as a Q-axis amplitude ratio. The Q-axis amplitude ratio may be the ratio (or proportion) of the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction.

[0161] S103. The first communication device outputs modulation symbols.

[0162] It can be understood that the first communication device outputs the modulation symbol, which may refer to outputting the modulation symbol to the next processing node of the transmitter. For example, in the generation scenario of the DFT-s-OFDM signal shown in Figure 1, the modulation symbol may be output to the next processing node for time domain resource mapping; it may also refer to sending the modulation symbol through the carrier after time domain resource mapping, DFT, subcarrier mapping, IFFT, adding CP and other processing.

[0163] The modulation method is introduced above from the side of the first communication device. It can be understood that the demodulation method is the inverse process of the modulation method. The demodulation method is introduced below from the side of the second communication device.

[0164] S104: The second communication device obtains modulation symbols.

[0165] Acquiring the modulation symbol may refer to receiving a carrier carrying the modulation symbol, or may refer to receiving the modulation symbol from a previous processing node, for example, acquiring the modulation symbol after time domain resource demapping.

[0166] S105. The second communication device determines a first constellation diagram from multiple constellation diagrams according to the first MCS.

[0167] The specific implementation of S105 refers to the specific implementation of the first communication device determining the first constellation diagram from multiple constellation diagrams according to the first MCS in S101, which will not be expanded here.

[0168] It can be understood that the present application does not limit the order of step S104 and step S105.

[0169] S106. The second communication device performs constellation demapping on the modulation symbols according to the first constellation diagram to obtain a codeword.

[0170] In some embodiments, the second communication device constellation-demaps the modulation symbols according to the first constellation diagram, which can also be alternatively described as demodulating the modulation symbols according to the first constellation diagram to obtain codewords.

[0171] In the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application, the constellation used for modulation and / or demodulation is related to the MCS, that is, the constellation used for modulation and / or demodulation is determined based on the MCS. Compared to determining the constellation used for modulation and / or demodulation based solely on the modulation order, the embodiments of the present application can provide a more flexible constellation design approach, such as enabling different constellations to correspond to different MCSs under the same modulation order (for example, the first MCS and the second MCS under the M modulation order correspond to the first constellation and the second constellation, respectively). This helps to balance the perception performance and communication performance of the modulation scheme, better meeting the requirements of the ISAC.

[0172] The following is a more detailed introduction to the constellation diagram provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0173] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different, which may include: the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the second constellation diagram, and / or the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the second constellation diagram. Taking 8-QAM as an example, referring to FIG6B , the absolute value A of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value A' of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the second constellation diagram, and the absolute value B of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value B' of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the second constellation diagram.

[0174] In some embodiments, the I-axis minimum absolute amplitude value of the first constellation diagram is different from the I-axis minimum absolute amplitude value of the second constellation diagram. Other alternative descriptions are also possible. For example, the I-axis amplitude value set of the first constellation diagram (i.e., {-3A, -A, A, 3A}) is different from the I-axis amplitude value set of the second constellation diagram (i.e., {-3A', -A', A', 3A'}), where A ≠ A'. The Q-axis minimum absolute amplitude value of the first constellation diagram is different from the Q-axis minimum absolute amplitude value of the second constellation diagram. Other alternative descriptions are also possible. For example, the Q-axis amplitude value set of the first constellation diagram (i.e., {-B, B}) is different from the Q-axis amplitude value set of the second constellation diagram (i.e., {-B', B'}), where B ≠ B'.

[0175] In a specific example, there is no intersection between the I-axis amplitude value set of the first constellation diagram and the I-axis amplitude value set of the first constellation diagram, that is, there is no identical I-axis amplitude value in the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram, that is, A and A' are not in a multiple relationship, and there is no intersection between the Q-axis amplitude value set of the first constellation diagram and the Q-axis amplitude value set of the first constellation diagram, that is, there is no identical Q-axis amplitude value in the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram, that is, B and B' are not in a multiple relationship.

[0176] It can be understood that the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram correspond to the same modulation order, the number of constellation points in the first constellation diagram is the same as the number of constellation points in the second constellation diagram, the types of mapped bits that the constellation points in the first constellation diagram can represent are the same as the types of mapped bits that the constellation points in the second constellation diagram can represent, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the constellation points in the first constellation diagram and the constellation points in the second constellation diagram, and the mapped bits represented by any constellation point in the first constellation diagram are the same as the mapped bits represented by the constellation point corresponding to it in the second constellation diagram.

[0177] When the I-axis amplitude value sets and / or Q-axis amplitude value sets of the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different, the constellation points corresponding to the same mapped bits in the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different. Exemplarily, the constellation point corresponding to the first mapped bit in the first constellation diagram is different from the constellation point corresponding to the first mapped bit in the second constellation diagram. It can be understood that a constellation point is uniquely identified by the I-axis coordinate (i.e., the I-axis amplitude value) and Q-axis coordinate (i.e., the Q-axis amplitude value) of the constellation point. Therefore, the constellation point corresponding to the first mapped bit in the first constellation diagram being different from the constellation point corresponding to the first mapped bit in the second constellation diagram can be understood as the coordinates of the constellation point corresponding to the first mapped bit in the first constellation diagram being different from the coordinates of the constellation point corresponding to the first mapped bit in the second constellation diagram. For example, in FIG. 6B, the coordinates of the constellation point of the mapped bit "000" in the first constellation diagram are (-3A, B), and the coordinates of the constellation point in the second constellation diagram are (-3A', B').

[0178] The I-axis amplitude value and Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation diagram in the embodiments of the present application can be designed independently of each other. In other words, the absolute value of the minimum I-axis amplitude of the constellation diagram and the absolute value of the minimum Q-axis amplitude of the constellation diagram can be the same or different, without limitation.

[0179] In a possible design, the absolute value of the minimum I-axis amplitude of the first constellation diagram (such as A in FIG. 6B) is different from the absolute value of the minimum Q-axis amplitude of the first constellation diagram (such as B in FIG. 6B); or rather, the I-axis amplitude value set of the first constellation diagram is different from the Q-axis amplitude value set of the first constellation diagram. Thus, compared with a constellation diagram in which the absolute value of the minimum I-axis amplitude is equal to the absolute value of the minimum Q-axis amplitude (such as the constellation diagram shown in FIG. 2A), it can have better communication performance.

[0180] In a specific example, the absolute value of the minimum Q-axis amplitude of the first constellation diagram is greater than the absolute value of the minimum I-axis amplitude of the first constellation diagram. For example, A < B in FIG. 6B. Thus, compared with the constellation diagram shown in FIG. 2A, the constellation points in FIG. 6B have a greater distance in the Q-axis direction, which helps to improve the communication performance of the signal.

[0181] In a specific example, when M=3, the code rate of the first MCS is a first value, and the spectral efficiency is a second value, the ratio of the absolute value of the minimum amplitude on the Q axis to the absolute value of the minimum amplitude on the I axis of the first constellation diagram (such as B / A in Figure 6B) is a real number greater than 1, that is, B>A. The first and second values ​​can be set as needed without restriction. In this way, under preset channel conditions (such as when the code rate is the first value and the spectral efficiency is the second value), the communication performance of the signal can be improved by increasing the Q-axis amplitude value.

[0182] In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the Q-axis minimum absolute value of the amplitude to the I-axis minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the first constellation diagram (ie, B / A) can be set according to MCS or SNR (parameters related to channel conditions).

[0183] Take 8-QAM as an example:

[0184] Each constellation point in the constellation diagram carries 3 bits of information. The horizontal axis (i.e., the I-axis) carries 2 bits, represented by 4 states, such as {-3A, -A, 3A, A}. Therefore, the Euclidean distance between two adjacent constellation points along the I-axis is 2A. The vertical axis (i.e., the Q-axis) carries 1 bit, represented by 2 states, such as {-B, B}. Therefore, the Euclidean distance between two adjacent constellation points along the Q-axis is 2B.

[0185] The probability of each bit error on the horizontal axis is:

[0186] Wherein, D2=2A, Q is the complementary cumulative distribution function (qfunction), and δ represents the noise energy of Gaussian white noise.

[0187] The probability of error detection for each bit on the vertical axis is:

[0188] Among them, D1=2B.

[0189] It can be seen that since the 8-QAM constellation diagram is an odd-bit constellation diagram (i.e., the number of bits that can be represented by a constellation point is an odd number), the amount of information carried on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis is different, resulting in a difference in the probability of error detection for each bit on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis. Therefore, by configuring an energy difference between the horizontal and vertical axes (i.e., different D1 and D2), the average probability of bit error detection can be minimized.

[0190] For example, we can find the function The optimal solution of A and B is when the value of is minimum.

[0191] Because this function is related to the ratio of the Euclidean distance (D1, D2) to the noise energy δ of Gaussian white noise, and therefore to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), D1 and D2 will differ for different SNR ranges and MCSs. Therefore, we can conclude that the values ​​of A and B are related to the SNR or MCS.

[0192] For example, when using 8-QAM transmission, if the MCS is selected as spectral efficiency = 1.3281 (bit / s) / Hz, modulation order = 3, and code rate = 0.4427, then A = 1 and B = 1.5 are ideal. If the MCS is selected as spectral efficiency = 2.5703 (bit / s) / Hz, 8-QAM, modulation order = 3, and code rate = 0.8568, then A = 1 and B = 1.3 are ideal.

[0193] In a specific implementation, in the above S102, when constellation mapping is performed on the codeword according to the first constellation diagram, it can specifically include: determining the real part of the modulation symbol based on the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram (such as A), and determining the imaginary part of the modulation symbol based on the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram (such as B); wherein the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the I axis and the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram are different.

[0194] Optionally, when B is a function of A (i.e., B = f(A), e.g., B is a multiple of A), the imaginary part of the modulation symbol may be determined based on the function f(A) of the minimum absolute amplitude value of the I-axis of the first constellation diagram, or in other words, the imaginary part of the modulation symbol may be determined based on the minimum absolute amplitude value of the I-axis of the first constellation diagram. Conversely, when A is a function of B (i.e., A = f(B)), the real part of the modulation symbol may be determined based on the function f(B) of the minimum absolute amplitude value of the Q-axis of the first constellation diagram, or in other words, the real part of the modulation symbol may be determined based on the minimum absolute amplitude value of the Q-axis of the first constellation diagram.

[0195] Taking M=3 and 8-QAM as an example, the mapping rule of the first constellation diagram can be expressed as:

[0196] d(i)=(A-2Ab(3i))[2A-(A-2Ab(3i+1))]+j(B-2Bb(3i+2));

[0197] Wherein, A represents the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram, B represents the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram, b(3i), b(3i+1), and b(3i+2) represent the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit in the codeword, respectively, d(i) represents the modulation symbol of the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit mapped to the constellation point in the first constellation diagram, and j is an imaginary unit.

[0198] Of course, the above mapping rules are only examples and are not limited to these.

[0199] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram is different from the second constellation diagram, and may also include: the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the second constellation diagram; and / or the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the second constellation diagram.

[0200] For ease of description, the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction is referred to as the I-axis amplitude value interval, and the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction is referred to as the Q-axis amplitude value interval.

[0201] It can be understood that the I-axis amplitude value interval can also be replaced by other descriptions such as the I-axis amplitude ratio, and the Q-axis amplitude value interval can also be replaced by other descriptions such as the Q-axis amplitude ratio.

[0202] Still taking 8-QAM as an example:

[0203] Referring to the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram shown in FIG6B , the I-axis amplitude value interval in the first constellation diagram is 2A, and the I-axis amplitude value interval in the second constellation diagram is 2A'. The Q-axis amplitude value interval in the first constellation diagram is 2B, and the Q-axis amplitude value interval in the second constellation diagram is 2B', where A≠A' and / or B≠B'.

[0204] Referring to the first constellation diagram shown in FIG6C and the second constellation diagram shown in FIG6B , the I-axis amplitude value interval in the first constellation diagram is 2A1, the I-axis amplitude value interval in the second constellation diagram is 2A', and the Q-axis amplitude value interval in the first constellation diagram includes 2B1. If (B2-B1)≠2B1, then the Q-axis amplitude value interval in the first constellation diagram also includes (B2-B1), and the Q-axis amplitude value interval in the second constellation diagram is 2B', then at least one of the following is satisfied: 2A1≠2A', 2B≠2B', (B2-B1)≠2B1 (i.e., at least one of (B2-B1) and 2B1 is not equal to 2B').

[0205] It can be understood that the I-axis amplitude value interval and the Q-axis amplitude value interval of the constellation diagram in the embodiment of the present application can be designed independently. In other words, the I-axis amplitude value interval and the Q-axis amplitude value interval of the constellation diagram can be the same or different, without limitation.

[0206] In one possible implementation, the I-axis amplitude value interval and the Q-axis amplitude value interval in the first constellation diagram are different. Taking the first constellation diagram shown in Figure 6B as an example, 2A≠2B. Taking the first constellation diagram shown in Figure 6C as an example, 2A1≠2B1 and / or 2A1≠(B2-B1). It can be understood that Figure 6C uses the first constellation diagram in Figure 6C as an example of the Q-axis having multiple different amplitude value intervals (i.e., (B2-B1) and 2B1). In addition, the actual I-axis can also have multiple different amplitude value intervals. For example, as shown in Figure 6D, the Q-axis of the first constellation diagram has amplitude value intervals including 2A1 and (A2-A1), where 2A1≠(A2-A1).

[0207] By flexibly configuring the I-axis amplitude value interval and the Q-axis amplitude value interval in the first constellation diagram, the Euclidean distance between constellation points can be guaranteed, thereby improving the communication performance of the signal and also improving the perception performance of the signal.

[0208] In one possible implementation, at least two different Q-axis amplitude values ​​in the first constellation map correspond to the same mapping bit. For example, if M=3, the first constellation map has four Q-axis amplitude values, two of which correspond to one 1-bit mapping bit, and the other two correspond to another 1-bit mapping bit. The first constellation map has four I-axis amplitude values, and the four I-axis amplitude values ​​correspond to four different 2-bit mapping bits.

[0209] For example, as shown in Figure 6E , the Q-axis coordinate of the constellation point in the first constellation diagram still carries only one bit, but can have two different Q-axis amplitude values ​​(B1 and B2 in the figure). The eight constellation points in the first constellation diagram are arranged in a quasi-circular or octagonal shape, and the amplitude differences between the constellation points are small, which can make the generated signal close to the standard modulus, thereby improving the perceptual performance of the signal. It will be understood that the correspondence between the constellation points and the mapping bits in Figure 6E is only an example and is not limited to this.

[0210] By configuring multiple different Q-axis amplitude values ​​for the same mapping bit in the first constellation diagram, the arrangement of the constellation points in the first constellation diagram can be made closer to a unit circle, thereby improving the perception performance of the signal.

[0211] In a specific implementation, in the above S102, the modulation symbol may include a first modulation symbol and a second modulation symbol. When constellation mapping is performed on the codeword according to the first constellation diagram, it may specifically include: determining the real part of the first modulation symbol and the second modulation symbol based on the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram (such as A1), determining the imaginary part of the first modulation symbol based on the absolute value of the first amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram (such as B1), and determining the imaginary part of the second modulation symbol based on the absolute value of the second amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram (such as B2).

[0212] Still taking M=3 and 8-QAM as an example, the mapping rule of the first constellation diagram can be expressed as:

[0213] Wherein, A1 represents the minimum absolute value of the amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram, B1 represents the first absolute value of the amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram, B2 represents the second absolute value of the amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram, b(3i), b(3i+1), and b(3i+2) represent the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit in the codeword, respectively, d(i) represents the modulation symbol of the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit mapped to the constellation point in the first constellation diagram, and j is an imaginary unit.

[0214] Of course, the above mapping rules are only examples and are not limited to these.

[0215] It can be understood that the above Figures 6A to 6E are all based on the 8-QAM modulation method as an example. For the constellation diagram design under other modulation methods, the constellation diagram design scheme under 8-QAM can be referred to, and examples will not be expanded one by one.

[0216] In one possible design, the first constellation diagram of 2 M The constellation points correspond one by one to the 2 in the third constellation diagram M constellation points, and the modulation order of the third constellation diagram is N, where N is a positive integer greater than M. It can be understood that the phase of each constellation point in the first constellation diagram is the same as the phase of the corresponding constellation point in the third constellation diagram, and the amplitude of each constellation point in the first constellation diagram is the same as the amplitude of the corresponding constellation point in the third constellation diagram.

[0217] In other words, the 2 in the first constellation diagram in the embodiment of the present application M constellation points and some constellation points in the third constellation diagram (2 M ) are the same; or in other words, the 2 in the first constellation diagram in the embodiment of the present application M The constellation points are 2 from the third constellation diagram M Some constellation points selected from the constellation points (2 M indivual).

[0218] For example, referring to FIG6F , when M=3, the first constellation diagram is an 8-QAM constellation diagram, and the eight constellation diagram points in the 8-QAM constellation diagram can be selected from the 16-QAM constellation diagram.

[0219] For example, referring to FIG6G , when M=5, the first constellation diagram is a 32-QAM constellation diagram, and the 32 constellation diagram points in the 32-QAM constellation diagram can be selected from the 64-QAM constellation diagram.

[0220] Of course, the above two are just examples and are not limited to them.

[0221] By selecting some constellation points from a higher-order constellation diagram as constellation points of the first constellation diagram, the characteristics of the constellation points in the first constellation diagram can follow the characteristics of the constellation points in the existing constellation diagram, which has strong compatibility, can reduce the complexity of the receiver, and can also reduce the cost of the protocol.

[0222] In one possible design, the constellation diagrams provided in the embodiments of the present application (such as the first constellation diagram, the second constellation diagram, etc.) can be specified by a protocol, or agreed upon by the system, or configured by a network device, without limitation.

[0223] As an example, one or more of the following information of the first constellation diagram is a preset value: an I-axis amplitude value, a Q-axis amplitude value, an interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction, and an interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction. The preset value may be specified by a protocol or agreed upon by the system.

[0224] As an example, the first constellation diagram is configured by a network device. For example, if the first communication device is a network device, the first communication device may send signaling to a terminal device or other network device, the signaling being used to determine the first constellation diagram; or, if the first communication device is a terminal device, the first communication device may receive signaling from the network device, the signaling being used to determine the first constellation diagram. The signaling may carry one or more of the following information about the first constellation diagram: an I-axis amplitude value, a Q-axis amplitude value, an interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction, and an interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction.

[0225] In one possible design, M is an odd number, meaning the first constellation is an odd-bit constellation. Because odd-bit constellations are non-centrosymmetric (such as the 8-QAM constellation shown in Figure 2A), they offer a wider design space and are more easily able to balance communication and perception performance.

[0226] It can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented separately or in combination with each other without limitation.

[0227] The method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the device provided by the embodiment of the present application is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0228] The present application provides a communication device 200, which may be, for example, a satellite, a base station, a terminal, or an access point, or a chip within a satellite, a base station, a terminal, or an access point. The device 200 includes modules, units, or means for executing the method steps in the above method embodiments. The functions, units, or means may be implemented by software or hardware, or may be implemented by hardware executing the corresponding software implementation.

[0229] 7 , the apparatus 200 may include a processing module 201 and an input / output module 202. The input / output module 202 may include only an input module, or only an output module, or both an input module and an output module, without limitation.

[0230] When the apparatus 200 is located in the first communication device:

[0231] Processing module 201 is configured to determine a first constellation from multiple constellation diagrams based on a first MCS; wherein the modulation orders of the multiple constellations are all M, where M is a positive integer; the multiple constellations include a first constellation and a second constellation; the first constellation and the second constellation are different; and mapping bits corresponding to each constellation point in each of the multiple constellations include mapping bits corresponding to an I-axis amplitude value and a Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point; constellation mapping is performed on a codeword based on the first constellation to obtain a modulation symbol.

[0232] The input-output module 202 is configured to output modulation symbols.

[0233] When the apparatus 200 is located in the second communication device:

[0234] Input and output module 202, used to obtain modulation symbols;

[0235] A processing module 201 is configured to determine a first constellation from multiple constellation diagrams based on a first MCS; wherein the orders of the multiple constellations are all M, where M is a positive integer; the multiple constellations include a first constellation and a second constellation; the first constellation and the second constellation are different; and mapping bits corresponding to each constellation point in each constellation in the multiple constellations consist of mapping bits corresponding to an I-axis amplitude value and a Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point; and constellation demodulation is performed on the modulation symbol according to the first constellation to obtain a codeword.

[0236] It should be understood that all relevant contents of each step involved in the above method embodiment can be referred to the functional description of the corresponding functional module and will not be repeated here.

[0237] Based on the same technical concept, referring to FIG8 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 300, including:

[0238] At least one processor 301; and a communication interface 303 communicatively connected to the at least one processor 301; the at least one processor 301 executes instructions stored in the memory 302, causing the apparatus to perform the method steps of the above-mentioned method embodiment via the communication interface 303. The communication interface 303 may be used to perform the functions of the above-mentioned input / output module 202, and the processor 301 may be used to perform the functions of the above-mentioned processing module 201.

[0239] Optionally, the memory 302 is located outside the device 300 .

[0240] Optionally, the apparatus 300 includes the memory 302, which is connected to the at least one processor 301 and stores instructions executable by the at least one processor 301. FIG8 uses dashed lines to indicate that the memory 302 is optional for the apparatus 300.

[0241] The processor 301 and the memory 302 may be coupled via an interface circuit or may be integrated together, which is not limited here.

[0242] The specific connection medium between the processor 301, memory 302, and communication interface 303 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In Figure 8, the processor 301, memory 302, and communication interface 303 are connected via bus 304. The bus is represented by a bold line in Figure 8. The connection between other components is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be limiting. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, Figure 8 only uses a single bold line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0243] The specific connection medium between the processor 301, memory 302, and communication interface 303 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In Figure 8, the processor 301, memory 302, and communication interface 303 are connected via bus 304. The bus is represented by a bold line in Figure 8. The connection between other components is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be limiting. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, Figure 8 only uses a single bold line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0244] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 400. Referring to FIG9 , the communication device 400 includes a processor 401 and an interface circuit 402. The interface circuit 402 is electrically coupled to the processor 401. The processor 401 executes the method steps in the above-described method embodiment through a logic circuit or by executing code instructions. Optionally, the communication device 400 also includes a memory. The interface circuit 402 can be used to perform the functions of the above-described input / output module 202, and the processor 401 can be used to perform the functions of the above-described processing module 201.

[0245] It should be understood that the processors mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware or software. When implemented by hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented by software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor that is implemented by reading software code stored in a memory.

[0246] Exemplarily, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0247] It should be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus random access memory (DR RAM).

[0248] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0249] It should be noted that the memory described herein is intended to include, but not be limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0250] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, including a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are run on a computer, the method in the above method embodiment is executed.

[0251] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, including instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enables the method in the above method embodiment to be executed.

[0252] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0253] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or box in the flow chart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the flow chart and / or box in the flow chart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a device for implementing the functions specified in one or more flow charts and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

[0254] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

[0255] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

Claims

1. A modulation method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Determining a first constellation diagram from multiple constellation diagrams according to a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS); wherein the orders of the multiple constellations are all M, where M is a positive integer; the multiple constellations include the first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram, the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different; and a mapping bit corresponding to each constellation point in each constellation diagram of the multiple constellations comprises a mapping bit corresponding to an I-axis amplitude value and a mapping bit corresponding to a Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point; Perform constellation mapping on the codeword according to the first constellation diagram to obtain a modulation symbol; The modulation symbols are output.

2. A demodulation method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtain modulation symbols; Determining a first constellation diagram from multiple constellation diagrams according to a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS); wherein the orders of the multiple constellations are all M, where M is a positive integer; the multiple constellations include the first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram, the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram are different; and a mapping bit corresponding to each constellation point in each constellation diagram of the multiple constellations comprises a mapping bit corresponding to an I-axis amplitude value and a mapping bit corresponding to a Q-axis amplitude value of the constellation point; Constellation demodulation is performed on the modulation symbol according to the first constellation diagram to obtain a codeword.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The first constellation diagram is different from the second constellation diagram, including: The absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the second constellation diagram, and / or the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram is different from the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the second constellation diagram.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The first constellation diagram is different from the second constellation diagram, including: A constellation point corresponding to a first mapping bit in the first constellation diagram is different from a constellation point corresponding to the first mapping bit in the second constellation diagram.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value and the Q-axis minimum amplitude absolute value of the first constellation diagram are different.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram is greater than the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: When M=3, the code rate of the first MCS is a first value, and the spectrum efficiency is a second value, the ratio of the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the Q axis of the first constellation diagram to the absolute value of the minimum amplitude of the I axis of the first constellation diagram is a real number greater than 1.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The real part of the modulation symbol is determined based on the I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value of the first constellation diagram; The imaginary part of the modulation symbol is determined based on the Q-axis minimum amplitude absolute value of the first constellation diagram; The I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value and the Q-axis minimum amplitude absolute value of the first constellation diagram are different.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein The M=3; the mapping rule of the first constellation is: d(i)=(A-2Ab(3i))[2A-(A1-2Ab(3i+1))]+j(B-2Bb(3i+2)); Among them, A represents the minimum absolute value of the I-axis amplitude of the first constellation diagram, B represents the minimum absolute value of the Q-axis amplitude of the first constellation diagram, b(3i), b(3i+1), and b(3i+2) respectively represent the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit in the codeword, d(i) represents the modulation symbol of the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit mapped to the constellation point in the first constellation diagram, and j is an imaginary unit.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The first constellation diagram is different from the second constellation diagram, including: The interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the second constellation diagram; and / or The interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the second constellation diagram.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 10, characterized in that: The interval between I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction in the first constellation diagram is different from the interval between Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction in the first constellation diagram.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein: The modulation symbols include a first modulation symbol and a second modulation symbol; The real parts of the first modulation symbol and the second modulation symbol are determined based on the I-axis minimum amplitude absolute value of the first constellation diagram; The imaginary part of the first modulation symbol is determined based on a first absolute value of the Q-axis amplitude of the first constellation diagram, and the imaginary part of the second modulation symbol is determined based on a second absolute value of the Q-axis amplitude of the first constellation diagram.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The M=3; the mapping rule of the first constellation diagram is: Among them, A1 represents the minimum absolute value of the I-axis amplitude of the first constellation diagram, B1 represents the absolute value of the first amplitude of the Q-axis of the first constellation diagram, B2 represents the absolute value of the second amplitude of the Q-axis of the first constellation diagram, b(3i), b(3i+1), and b(3i+2) respectively represent the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit in the codeword, d(i) represents the modulation symbol of the 3i-th bit, the 3i+1-th bit, and the 3i+2-th bit mapped to the constellation point in the first constellation diagram, and j is an imaginary unit.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: 2 of the first constellation diagram M The constellation points correspond one by one to the 2 in the third constellation diagram M constellation points, the modulation order of the third constellation diagram is N, and N is a positive integer greater than M.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein: One or more of the following information of the first constellation diagram is related to the first MCS: the minimum absolute value of the I-axis amplitude, the minimum absolute value of the Q-axis amplitude, the interval between the I-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the I-axis direction, and the interval between the Q-axis amplitude values ​​of two adjacent constellation points in the Q-axis direction.

16. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is electrically coupled to the processor, and the processor causes the method according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 15 to be executed through a logic circuit or by executing code instructions, or causes the method according to any one of claims 2 and 3 to 15 to be executed.

17. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The storage medium stores a computer program or instruction. When the computer program or instruction is executed, the method according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 15 is executed, or the method according to any one of claims 2 and 3 to 15 is executed.

18. A computer program product, characterized in that The invention comprises instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enable the method according to any one of claims 1, 3-15 to be executed, or enable the method according to any one of claims 2, 3-15 to be executed.

19. A communication system, characterized in that: include: A first communication device, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1, 3-15; The second communication device is configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 2 and 3-15.

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