Aerial image forming device and laminate

Abstract

The present invention provides an aerial image forming device 10a, 10b, 10c comprising: a display part 1 which has a display surface and emits light from the display surface; a light transmission and image formation part 2 which is arranged on the display surface side of the display part 1, transmits the light, and forms an image at a position on a surface side opposite to the display part 1; and a coat layer 3 which is laminated on the light transmission and image formation part 2, on the surface side opposite to the display part 1, and contains a plasticizer. The aerial image forming device 10a, 10b, 10c has excellent antifouling properties, and the visibility of an aerial image is improved.

Description

Aerial image forming device and laminate

[0001] The present invention relates to an aerial image forming device and a laminate for forming the aerial image forming device.

[0002] Aerial images are images formed at any position in space by reflecting and refracting light emitted from a light source using optical elements. There is no screen or display at the position where the aerial image is displayed, so viewers who view the aerial image experience a mysterious sensation. For this reason, aerial images have been used in various applications in recent years, including virtual reality.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an aerial image forming device that includes at least a display unit and a light-transmitting imaging unit, in which an image (real image) displayed on the display unit is displayed as an aerial image primarily through the action of the light-transmitting imaging unit.

[0004] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-060752

[0005] Generally, an aerial image forming device is configured such that the display unit and the optically transparent imaging unit are housed in a housing, but the surface of the optically transparent imaging unit opposite the display unit is exposed to the outside. This makes it easy for users to touch this exposed surface, resulting in the adhesion of dirt such as sebum to the surface. This adhesion of dirt interferes with the clear visibility of the aerial image.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and aims to provide an aerial image forming device that has excellent anti-fouling properties and improved visibility of the aerial image, and a laminate for forming the aerial image forming device.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, first, the present invention provides an aerial image forming device comprising: a display unit having a display surface and emitting light from the display surface; a light-transmitting imaging unit arranged on the display surface side of the display unit, which transmits the light and forms an image at a position on the side opposite the display unit; and a coating layer containing a plasticizer laminated on the side of the light-transmitting imaging unit opposite the display unit (Invention 1).

[0008] Secondly, the present invention provides an aerial image forming device comprising: a display unit having a display surface and emitting light from the display surface; a light-transmitting imaging unit arranged on the display surface side of the display unit, which transmits the light and forms an image at a position on the side opposite the display unit; and a coating layer laminated on the side of the light-transmitting imaging unit opposite the display unit, wherein the contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the coating layer opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit is 45° or greater (Invention 2).

[0009] Third, the present invention provides an aerial image forming device comprising: a display unit having a display surface and emitting light from the display surface; a light-transmitting imaging unit arranged on the display surface side of the display unit, transmitting the light and forming an image at a position on the side opposite the display unit; and a coating layer laminated on the side of the light-transmitting imaging unit opposite the display unit, wherein the contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the coating layer opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit is less than 45° (Invention 3).

[0010] In the above inventions (Inventions 1 to 3), it is preferable that the display unit is arranged with respect to the light-transmitting image forming unit and the coating layer so that the display surface and one side of the light-transmitting image forming unit are non-parallel (Invention 4).

[0011] In the above inventions (Inventions 1 to 4), the aerial image forming device is provided with a light diffusion control section between the light-transmitting image forming section and the coating layer or on the side of the light-transmitting image forming section opposite the coating layer, and the light diffusion control section diffuses or transmits light incident into the light diffusion control section depending on the angle of incidence, and it is preferable that the light diffusion control section has a louver-like regular internal structure with multiple plate-shaped regions with a relatively high refractive index within a region with a relatively low refractive index (Invention 5).

[0012] In the above invention (Invention 5), if the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the plate-shaped region and existing in the plane opposite the translucent imaging section in the light diffusion control section is defined as the first direction, it is preferable that each of the plate-shaped regions is inclined toward the first direction within the light diffusion control section (Invention 6).

[0013] In the above invention (Invention 6), it is preferable that the angle of inclination of the plate-like region is 0° or more and 30° or less with respect to the thickness direction of the light diffusion control portion (Invention 7).

[0014] In the above inventions (Inventions 1 to 6), it is preferable that the light-transmitting imaging unit includes a retrotransmitting optical element that retrotransmits incident light (Invention 8).

[0015] In the above invention (Invention 8), it is preferable that the retrotransmitting optical element is formed by stacking two layers each having a plurality of reflective surfaces, and in each of the two layers, the plurality of reflective surfaces are arranged perpendicular to one side of the retrotransmitting optical element and at a predetermined distance from each other, and that the two layers are stacked so that the reflective surface in one layer is perpendicular to the reflective surface in the other layer (Invention 9).

[0016] Fourth, the present invention provides a laminate comprising a light-transmitting imaging section that forms an image of light incident from one surface at a position on the other surface side, and a coating layer containing a plasticizer that is laminated on one side of the light-transmitting imaging section (Invention 10).

[0017] Fifth, the present invention provides a laminate comprising a light-transmitting imaging section that forms an image of light incident from one side at a position on the other side of the light-transmitting imaging section, and a coating layer laminated on one side of the light-transmitting imaging section, wherein the contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the coating layer opposite the light-transmitting imaging section is 45° or more (Invention 11).

[0018] Sixth, the present invention provides a laminate comprising a light-transmitting imaging section that forms an image of light incident from one side at a position on the other side of the light-transmitting imaging section, and a coating layer laminated on one side of the light-transmitting imaging section, wherein the contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the coating layer opposite the light-transmitting imaging section is less than 45° (Invention 12).

[0019] In the above inventions (Inventions 10 to 12), the laminate has a light diffusion control section between the light-transmitting image forming section and the coating layer or on the side of the light-transmitting image forming section opposite the coating layer, and the light diffusion control section diffuses or transmits light incident into the light diffusion control section depending on the angle of incidence, and it is preferable that the light diffusion control section has a louver-like regular internal structure with a plurality of plate-like regions with a relatively high refractive index within a region with a relatively low refractive index (Invention 13).

[0020] The aerial image forming device according to the present invention has excellent antifouling properties and improves the visibility of the aerial image. Furthermore, the laminate according to the present invention can form the above-mentioned aerial image forming device.

[0021] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an aerial image forming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an aerial image forming device according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an aerial image forming device according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing the internal structure of a light diffusion control unit. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the optical characteristics of the light diffusion control unit and light that forms an aerial image and a ghost image.

[0022]

[0023] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. [Aerial Image Forming Device] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an example of an aerial image forming device according to this embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, an aerial image forming device 10a according to this embodiment includes a display unit 1 having a display surface and emitting light from the display surface, a light-transmitting image forming unit 2 disposed on the display surface side of the display unit 1 and transmitting the light to form an image at a position on the side opposite the display unit 1, and a coating layer 3 laminated on the side of the light-transmitting image forming unit 2 opposite the display unit 1.

[0023] In the aerial image forming device according to this embodiment, as a first embodiment, the coating layer 3 contains a plasticizer. As a second embodiment, the contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting image forming section 2 is 45° or more. As a third embodiment, the contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting image forming section 2 is less than 45°.

[0024] 2 and 3, the aerial image forming device according to this embodiment preferably includes a light diffusion control unit 4 between the translucent imaging unit 2 and the coating layer 3 or on the surface of the translucent imaging unit 2 opposite the coating layer 3. In an aerial image forming device 10b shown in FIG. 2, the light diffusion control unit 4 is located between the translucent imaging unit 2 and the coating layer 3. In an aerial image forming device 10c shown in FIG. 3, the light diffusion control unit 4 is located on the surface of the translucent imaging unit 2 opposite the coating layer 3. Here, the light diffusion control unit 4 diffuses or transmits light incident thereon depending on the angle of incidence, and has a louver-like regular internal structure including a plurality of plate-like regions with a relatively high refractive index within a region with a relatively low refractive index.

[0025] As described above, the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the first embodiment include the coating layer 3 containing a plasticizer, so that even if dirt such as sebum adheres to the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit 2, the dirt components are absorbed into the coating layer 3. As a result, the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to this embodiment can maintain good visibility of the aerial image.

[0026] Furthermore, as described above, in the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the second embodiment, the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 has an oleic acid contact angle of 45° or more, so that even if dirt such as sebum adheres to the surface, the dirt components can be easily removed by wiping. As a result, the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to this embodiment can maintain good visibility of the aerial image.

[0027] Furthermore, as described above, in the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the third embodiment, the oleic acid contact angle of the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 is less than 45°, so that even if dirt such as sebum adheres to the surface, the dirt blends in with the coating layer 3 and becomes inconspicuous. As a result, the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to this embodiment can maintain good visibility of the aerial image.

[0028] 1. Display Unit The display unit 1 constituting the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it has a display surface and is capable of displaying an image on the display surface and emitting light toward the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 and the coating layer 3. For example, the display unit 1 can be a liquid crystal (LCD) display, a light-emitting diode (LED) display, an organic electroluminescence (organic EL) display, or the like.

[0029] The positional relationship between the display unit 1 and the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 and coating layer 3 is not particularly limited. As shown in Figures 1 to 3, it is preferable that the display unit 1 and the light-transmitting imaging unit 2, etc. are sufficiently separated, with a space being present between them. It is also preferable that the display unit 1 is disposed relative to the light-transmitting imaging unit 2, etc. so that the display surface of the display unit 1 and one surface of the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 are non-parallel. This positional relationship makes it possible to display an aerial image more clearly.

[0030] 2. Light-transmitting imaging unit The light-transmitting imaging unit 2 constituting the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it can transmit light originating from the display unit 1 and form an aerial image on a predetermined aerial image observation plane. An example of such a light-transmitting imaging unit 2 is a retrotransmitting optical element that retrotransmits incident light.

[0031] Although conventionally known retrotransmitting optical elements can be used, from the viewpoint of facilitating good aerial image formation, a retrotransmitting optical element having a two-sided orthogonal reflector array structure or a retrotransmitting optical element having a two-sided corner reflector array structure is preferred, and a retrotransmitting optical element having a two-sided orthogonal reflector array structure is more preferred. Examples of retrotransmitting optical elements having a two-sided orthogonal reflector array structure include those described in Japanese Patent No. 5,085,631. That is, as a retrotransmitting optical element having a two-sided orthogonal reflector array structure, it is preferable to use a retrotransmitting optical element formed by stacking two layers each having a plurality of reflective surfaces. In particular, in the retrotransmitting optical element, it is preferable that in each of the two layers, a plurality of reflective surfaces are arranged perpendicular to one surface of the retrotransmitting optical element and at a predetermined interval from each other, and that the two layers are stacked so that the reflective surface in one layer is perpendicular to the reflective surface in the other layer. Specifically, a retrotransmitting optical element having a dihedral corner reflector array structure may have the structure described in International Publication WO2007 / 116639.

[0032] The thickness of the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 is preferably 0.1 to 20 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 15 mm, particularly preferably 1 to 12 mm, even more preferably 2 to 10 mm, and most preferably 4 to 8 mm, which enables the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the present embodiment to more easily display brighter aerial images.

[0033] 3. Coating Layer The coating layer 3 in the first embodiment may be formed from any material as long as it contains a plasticizer. The coating layer 3 may be a single layer or multiple layers. In the case of multiple layers, it is sufficient that the outermost surface (particularly the surface on the display surface) exhibits antifouling properties. For example, the coating layer 3 in the first embodiment is preferably formed by curing a coating composition containing a curable component and a plasticizer. Furthermore, the coating layer 3 in the second and third embodiments may be formed from any material as long as it satisfies the above-mentioned oleic acid contact angle requirement. For example, the coating layer 3 in the second and third embodiments is preferably formed by curing a coating composition containing an active energy ray-curable component.

[0034] The coating layer 3 may have a function of protecting the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 and the light diffusion control unit 4 described later, and from this viewpoint, it is preferable that the coating layer 3 is different from the light diffusion control unit 4 and does not have a louver-like regular internal structure that includes a plurality of plate-like regions with a relatively high refractive index within a region with a relatively low refractive index. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of the SDGs, the material that constitutes the coating layer 3 may be a material with a high biomass content, a material that can be recycled or reused, or a recycled or reused material.

[0035] (1) Curable Component The curable component used in the first embodiment is a component that is cured by a trigger such as active energy rays or heat, and examples thereof include active energy ray-curable components and thermosetting components.

[0036] From the viewpoint that the presence of a plasticizer is less likely to affect the curing reaction and that the scratch resistance and finger slipperiness of the coating layer 3 can be easily improved, it is preferable to use a thermosetting component as the curing component. Examples of thermosetting components include urethane-based resins, epoxy-based resins, polyimide-based resins, phenol-based resins, silicone-based resins, cyanate-based resins, bismaleimide triazine resins, allylated polyphenylene ether resins (thermosetting PPE), formaldehyde-based resins, unsaturated polyesters, and copolymers thereof. Among these, urethane-based resins are preferred. Furthermore, these resins may have functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups, that can react with a crosslinking agent.

[0037] Examples of active energy ray-curable components include (meth)acrylate-based monomers, (meth)acrylate-based prepolymers, and active energy ray-curable polymers. Among these, (meth)acrylate-based monomers and / or (meth)acrylate-based prepolymers are preferred, and (meth)acrylate-based monomers are more preferred. The (meth)acrylate-based monomers and (meth)acrylate-based prepolymers may be used alone or in combination. In this specification, the term "(meth)acrylate" refers to both acrylate and methacrylate. The same applies to other similar terms.

[0038] The (meth)acrylate monomer is preferably a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer having two or more (meth)acryloyl groups. Examples of the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer include 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl di(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified dicyclopentenyl di(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified phosphate di(meth)acrylate, allylated cyclohexyl di(meth)acrylate, and isocyanurate di(meth)acrylate. and polyfunctional (meth)acrylates such as trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, propionic acid-modified dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, tris(acryloxyethyl)isocyanurate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, propionic acid-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, and caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0039] On the other hand, examples of (meth)acrylate-based prepolymers include polyester acrylate-based, epoxy acrylate-based, urethane acrylate-based, polyol acrylate-based prepolymers, etc. Among these, urethane acrylate-based prepolymers are preferred.

[0040] The polyester acrylate prepolymer can be obtained, for example, by esterifying the hydroxyl groups of a polyester oligomer having hydroxyl groups at both ends, which is obtained by condensation of a polycarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, with (meth)acrylic acid, or by esterifying the terminal hydroxyl groups of an oligomer obtained by adding an alkylene oxide to a polycarboxylic acid, with (meth)acrylic acid.

[0041] Epoxy acrylate prepolymers can be obtained, for example, by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with the oxirane ring of a relatively low molecular weight bisphenol epoxy resin or novolac epoxy resin to esterify it.

[0042] The urethane acrylate prepolymer can be obtained, for example, by esterifying a polyurethane oligomer obtained by reacting a polyether polyol or polyester polyol with a polyisocyanate with (meth)acrylic acid.

[0043] The polyol acrylate prepolymer can be obtained, for example, by esterifying the hydroxyl groups of a polyether polyol with (meth)acrylic acid.

[0044] The above prepolymers may be used singly or in combination of two or more.

[0045] Preferred examples of the active energy ray-curable component used in the second and third embodiments include polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers, (meth)acrylate prepolymers, and active energy ray-curable polymers. Among these, polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers or (meth)acrylate prepolymers are more preferred. The polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers and (meth)acrylate prepolymers may be used alone or in combination.

[0046] Examples of the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer include those described above for use in the first embodiment. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0047] As the (meth)acrylate-based prepolymer used in the second and third embodiments, the same prepolymer as that used in the first embodiment can be used.

[0048] In the second and third embodiments, it is also preferable to use an organic-inorganic hybrid resin as the active energy ray-curable component. A preferred example of the organic-inorganic hybrid resin is one that contains, as an inorganic component, a substance formed by bonding an organic compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group to inorganic fine particles such as silica via a silane coupling agent or the like. This inorganic component is also preferably in the form of an organosol (colloid) (e.g., silica sol) and is usually mixed with an active energy ray-curable component (organic component) such as the above-mentioned polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer to form the organic-inorganic hybrid resin. The inorganic fine particles contained in the organic-inorganic hybrid resin do not correspond to the filler described below, but function as a binder, and can improve the hardness of the formed coating layer 3 and the scratch resistance of the coating layer.

[0049] (2) Plasticizer The plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include citric acid-based plasticizers, adipic acid-based plasticizers, glutaric acid-based plasticizers, succinic acid-based plasticizers, sebacic acid-based plasticizers, phthalic acid-based plasticizers, glycerin-based plasticizers, and phosphoric acid-based plasticizers.

[0050] Among these, citric acid-based plasticizers are preferred because they easily exhibit excellent sebum absorption. Examples of citric acid-based plasticizers include citrate esters such as acetyl triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, isodecyl citrate, isopropyl citrate, triethyl citrate, triethylhexyl citrate, and tributyl citrate. Among these, acetyl tributyl citrate is preferred.

[0051] As the plasticizer, conventionally known alcohols, glycol ethers, esters, etc. can also be used, with the use of esters or alcohols being preferred. For example, preferred esters are ester compounds that are reaction products of diols and monovalent organic acids, such as 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, and more preferred are ester compounds that are reaction products of aliphatic diols and monovalent aliphatic organic acids. Other than esters, preferred examples include alcohols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as isopropyl alcohol; alcohols such as 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol and 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol); and glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol diethyl ether, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl cellosolve).

[0052] The above plasticizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0053] The content of the plasticizer in the coating composition is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 42 parts by mass, particularly preferably 3 to 34 parts by mass, and even more preferably 6 to 26 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the curable component. From the viewpoint of achieving both abrasion resistance and finger smoothness, the content is preferably 8 to 20 parts by mass, and even more preferably 10 to 15 parts by mass. This makes it easier for the coating layer 3 to be formed to exhibit excellent sebum absorbency.

[0054] (3) Other Components The coating composition of the first embodiment may contain various additives in addition to the above-mentioned components. Examples of the various additives include crosslinking agents, fine particles, dispersants, surface modifiers, leveling agents, photopolymerization initiators, ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, silane coupling agents, antiaging agents, oxygen absorbers, thermal polymerization inhibitors, colorants, surfactants, storage stabilizers, lubricants, antifoaming agents, organic fillers, refractive index modifiers, wettability improvers, coating surface improvers, and dilution solvents. Among these, the coating composition of the first embodiment preferably contains additives such as photopolymerization initiators, crosslinking agents, and leveling agents depending on the purpose.

[0055] When the coating composition contains an active energy ray-curable component as the curable component, it preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator from the viewpoint of efficiently progressing the crosslinking reaction of the component. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin-n-butyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, acetophenone, dimethylaminoacetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholino-propan-1-one, 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propan-1- ... Examples of the hydroxybenzoates include (hydroxyethoxy)phenyl-2-(hydroxy-2-propyl)ketone, benzophenone, p-phenylbenzophenone, 4,4'-diethylaminobenzophenone, dichlorobenzophenone, 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-tert-butylanthraquinone, 2-aminoanthraquinone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-ethylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, benzyl dimethyl ketal, acetophenone dimethyl ketal, and p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid esters. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0056] The content of the photopolymerization initiator in the coating composition is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 22 parts by mass, particularly preferably 2 to 16 parts by mass, and even more preferably 4 to 10 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the curable component. This makes it easier for the formed coating layer 3 to exhibit excellent sebum absorbency, and also makes it easier for the coating layer 3 to exhibit the desired abrasion resistance and finger slipperiness, even though it contains a plasticizer.

[0057] Furthermore, when the coating composition contains a thermosetting component as a curable component, it is preferable to contain a crosslinking agent from the viewpoint of efficiently promoting the crosslinking reaction of the component. Examples of the crosslinking agent include an isocyanate-based crosslinking agent, an epoxy-based crosslinking agent, and a metal chelate-based crosslinking agent. When the thermosetting component is a compound having a hydroxyl group, it is preferable to use an isocyanate-based crosslinking agent.

[0058] Examples of the isocyanate crosslinking agent include polyvalent isocyanate compounds such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and the polyvalent isocyanate compound may be an isocyanurate-modified compound, a biuret-modified compound, etc. One type of crosslinking agent may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0059] The content of the crosslinking agent in the coating composition is preferably 0.1 to 80 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 60 parts by mass, particularly preferably 5 to 40 parts by mass, even more preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass, and most preferably 15 to 25 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the curable component. This makes it possible for the coating layer 3 to be formed to exhibit excellent sebum absorbency, and to exhibit excellent scratch resistance and finger slipperiness even though it contains a plasticizer.

[0060] The coating composition in the first embodiment contains a leveling agent, which makes it easier to obtain a coating layer having a uniform thickness, free from streak-like defects, unevenness, and the like, and capable of exhibiting excellent optical properties.

[0061] Examples of the leveling agent include silicone-based leveling agents, fluorine-based leveling agents, acrylic-based leveling agents, vinyl-based leveling agents, etc. Among these, silicone-based leveling agents and fluorine-based leveling agents are preferred because of their high leveling properties and good compatibility with other components, and silicone-based leveling agents are particularly preferred.

[0062] The leveling agent may be modified or unmodified, and may have a reactive group or may not have a reactive group.

[0063] Examples of silicone-based leveling agents include polydimethylsiloxane and modified polydimethylsiloxane. Examples of fluorine-based leveling agents include compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group or a fluorinated alkenyl group in the main chain or side chain. One type of leveling agent may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0064] In the first embodiment, the content of the leveling agent in the coating composition is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 7 parts by mass, particularly preferably 0.1 to 4 parts by mass, even more preferably 0.3 to 2 parts by mass, and most preferably 0.6 to 1 part by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the curable component. This ensures a sufficient leveling effect, and the resulting coating layer 3 exhibits excellent sebum absorbency while also exhibiting the desired optical properties. Furthermore, the coating composition is likely to exhibit excellent scratch resistance and finger slipperiness, even though it contains a plasticizer.

[0065] The coating composition of the second embodiment may contain various additives in addition to the active energy ray-curable component. Examples of the various additives include an antifouling agent, a filler, hollow silica fine particles, a plasticizer, and the additives described above for use in the first embodiment.

[0066] In particular, the coating composition according to the second embodiment preferably contains an antifouling agent, which makes the formed coating layer 3 excellent in antifouling properties and makes it difficult for fingerprints and dirt to adhere to the coating layer 3.

[0067] Examples of the antifouling agent include a silicone-based antifouling agent, a fluorine-based antifouling agent, and an acrylic-based antifouling agent. Among them, from the viewpoint of making it difficult for fingerprints and stains to adhere, it is preferable to use a silicone-based antifouling agent or a fluorine-based antifouling agent, and it is particularly preferable to use a fluorine-based antifouling agent. As the antifouling agent, from the viewpoint of being able to be stably present in the coating layer, an antifouling agent that is a compound having a (meth)acryloyl group polymerizable with a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer or (meth)acrylate prepolymer as the binder resin is preferred.

[0068] The silicone-based stain-proofing agent is preferably a silicone-based resin having a (meth)acryloyl group polymerizable with a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer or (meth)acrylate prepolymer as a binder resin. Preferred examples of commercially available silicone-based stain-proofing agents include "Shikou UV-AF100" manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation.

[0069] The fluorine-based antifouling agent is preferably a fluorine-based resin having a (meth)acryloyl group polymerizable with the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer or (meth)acrylate prepolymer serving as the binder resin. Preferred examples of commercially available fluorine-based antifouling agents include "Megafac RS-90" manufactured by DIC Corporation, "FS-7025" manufactured by Fluorotechnology Co., Ltd., "Optour DAC-100" manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd., and the KY-1200 series manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0070] The weight average molecular weight of the antifouling agent in the coating composition is preferably 1,000 to 100,000, more preferably 10,000 to 60,000, particularly preferably 20,000 to 40,000, and even more preferably 30,000 to 40,000, from the viewpoint of making it easier to maintain the effect of preventing fingerprints and stains from adhering for a long period of time.

[0071] The coating composition in the second embodiment preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator from the viewpoint of efficiently proceeding with the crosslinking reaction of the active energy ray-curable component. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator used in the second embodiment are the same as those used in the first embodiment.

[0072] The coating composition in the second embodiment also preferably contains a leveling agent, which allows the formed coating layer 3 to have a uniform thickness without streak-like defects or unevenness, and to exhibit excellent optical properties and appearance.

[0073] Examples of the leveling agent include the leveling agents used in the first embodiment, and among them, silicone-based leveling agents or fluorine-based leveling agents are preferred from the viewpoints of leveling properties and compatibility with other components. Note that the leveling agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0074] The leveling agent may be modified or unmodified, and may have a reactive group or may not have a reactive group.

[0075] The coating composition in the second embodiment also preferably contains a filler. This provides the coating layer 3 with desired physical properties, such as hardness, and desired optical characteristics. It also improves the finger-slipperiness of the coating layer surface. Examples of fillers include inorganic fine particles such as silica, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, clay, talc, and titanium dioxide; organic fine particles such as acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, polyethylene resin, and epoxy resin; and fine particles made of silicon-containing compounds having an intermediate structure between inorganic and organic (for example, the Tospearl series, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials Japan, which are silicone resin fine particles). These fillers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0076] Examples of the fine particles made of the acrylic resin include those made of a homopolymer of methyl methacrylate and copolymers of methyl methacrylate with monomers such as vinyl acetate, styrene, methyl acrylate, and ethyl (meth)acrylate.

[0077] The shape of the filler may be regular, such as spherical, or may be irregular, with no specific shape. From the viewpoint of improving the finger slipperiness and hardness of the surface of the coating layer and obtaining desired optical properties (particularly the visibility of the aerial image), the shape of the filler is preferably spherical, and more preferably true spherical. Furthermore, the filler may have a hollow structure with voids inside, or may not have a hollow structure.

[0078] The average particle size of the filler is preferably 0.3 to 10 μm, particularly preferably 0.5 to 8.0 μm, and even more preferably 1.0 to 5.0 μm, with 1.2 to 3 μm being particularly preferred. This improves the finger slipperiness and hardness of the surface of the coating layer while also providing desirable optical properties (particularly aerial image visibility). The average particle size of the filler is measured by centrifugal sedimentation light transmission method.

[0079] The refractive index of the filler is preferably 1.3 to 2, more preferably 1.35 to 1.8, particularly preferably 1.4 to 1.6, and even more preferably 1.45 to 1.5, which tends to improve the desired optical properties (particularly the visibility of aerial images).

[0080] It is also preferable to contain a nanofiller having a smaller average particle size than the filler described above. This improves the finger-slipperiness and hardness of the surface of the coating layer while also improving the desired optical properties (particularly the visibility of aerial images). The nanofiller may be a material that constitutes the organic-inorganic hybrid resin described above, or may be independent of it.

[0081] The average particle size of the nanofiller is preferably 1 to 200 nm, more preferably 10 to 160 nm, particularly preferably 20 to 120 nm, and even more preferably 30 to 80 nm, which makes the nanofiller sufficiently small relative to the aforementioned size, allowing the nanofiller to be effectively filled into the coating layer.

[0082] The nanofiller preferably has a particle size coefficient of variation (CV value) represented by the following formula (1) of 1 to 100%, more preferably 5 to 80%, particularly preferably 10 to 60%, and even more preferably 20 to 40%. This makes it easier for the coating layer to exhibit the desired optical properties, improves hardness, and tends to improve the visibility of the resulting aerial image. The average particle size and particle size coefficient of variation (CV value) of the nanofiller in this specification are determined by dynamic light scattering. Particle size coefficient of variation (CV value) = (standard deviation particle size / average particle size) × 100 ... (1)

[0083] Furthermore, the coating composition in the third embodiment may contain various additives in addition to the active energy ray-curable component. Examples of the various additives include an antifouling agent, a filler, hollow silica fine particles, a plasticizer, and the additives described above for use in the first embodiment.

[0084] The coating composition in the third embodiment preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator from the viewpoint of efficiently proceeding the crosslinking reaction of the active energy ray-curable component. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator used in the third embodiment are the same as those used in the first embodiment.

[0085] The coating composition in the third embodiment also preferably contains a leveling agent. This allows the formed coating layer 3 to have a uniform thickness without streak-like defects or unevenness, and to exhibit excellent optical properties and appearance. Examples of leveling agents used in the third embodiment are the same as those used in the second embodiment.

[0086] The coating composition in the third embodiment also preferably contains a dispersant from the viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of other components (particularly fillers and the like).

[0087] As a dispersant, for example, a compound having one or more polar groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, a sulfo group, a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group, an amide group, a quaternary ammonium base, a pyridium base, a sulfonium base, and a phosphonium base in the molecule is preferred. One or more of the above polar groups may be introduced into the molecule. When the compound used as a dispersant has multiple polar groups, the basic skeleton of the compound is preferably composed of an ester chain, a vinyl chain, an acrylic chain, an ether chain, a urethane chain, or the like. Specifically, acrylic resins, urethane resins, polyester resins, and alkyd resins are preferred, with acrylic resins, urethane resins, and polyester resins being particularly preferred, and acrylic resins being even more preferred. The polar groups may be randomly arranged in the molecule, but are preferably arranged in the side chain. Therefore, as a dispersant, an acrylic resin having a carboxy group and / or a hydroxy group in the side chain is preferred. Note that one dispersant may be used alone, or two or more dispersants may be used in combination.

[0088] The coating composition in the third embodiment also preferably contains a filler. This provides the coating layer 3 with desired physical properties such as hardness. It also improves the finger-slipperiness of the coating layer surface. Examples of fillers used in the third embodiment are the same as those used in the second embodiment.

[0089] (4) Physical Properties of Coating Layer In the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the first embodiment, the oleic acid contact angle of the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 is preferably 10° to 90°, more preferably 20° to 85°, and from the viewpoint of exhibiting excellent sebum absorbency and making it easy to remove sebum stains by wiping, is preferably 40° to 80°, particularly preferably 50° to 75°, and even more preferably 60° to 70°. Details of the method for measuring the oleic acid contact angle are as described in the test examples below.

[0090] In the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the first embodiment, the water contact angle of the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 is preferably 50° to 125°, more preferably 55° to 120°, particularly preferably 60° to 115°, even more preferably 65° to 110°, and most preferably 70° to 105°. This makes it easier to achieve the oleic acid contact angle described above. Details of the method for measuring the water contact angle are as described in the test examples below.

[0091] In the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the first embodiment, the surface free energy of the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite to the light-transmitting image forming unit 2 is 10 to 60 mJ / m ２ is preferably 14 to 55 mJ / m ２ More preferably, it is 18 to 50 mJ / m ２ It is preferable that the irradiance is 20 to 45 mJ / m ２ It is preferable that the luminance is 22 to 42 mJ / m ２ This makes it difficult to notice sebum stains adhering to the surface of the coating layer 3. Details of the method for measuring the surface free energy are as described in the test examples below.

[0092] In the first embodiment, in order to improve the scratch resistance of the coating layer, the surface of the coating layer is subjected to a scratch test of 125 g / cm using #0000 steel wool. ２When the surface is visually inspected under a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp after rubbing 5 times back and forth over a distance of 10 cm with a load of 0.05, the number of scratches is preferably 11 to 50, more preferably 1 to 10, and most preferably 0. The number of scratches can be easily reduced by using a thermosetting component as the curable component.

[0093] In the first embodiment, the thickness of the coating layer 3 is preferably 1 to 100 μm, more preferably 2 to 50 μm, and even more preferably 3 to 25 μm, which makes it easier to exhibit excellent sebum stain absorption.

[0094] In the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the second embodiment, the oleic acid contact angle on the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 is 45° or greater, as described above. However, from the viewpoint of easily wiping off and removing sebum stains adhering to the surface of the coating layer 3, the oleic acid contact angle is preferably 46° or greater, more preferably 47° or greater, and particularly preferably 48° or greater. The upper limit of the oleic acid contact angle is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 100° or less, particularly 85° or less, or even 80° or less, and especially 75° or less. Details of the method for measuring the oleic acid contact angle are as described in the test examples below.

[0095] In the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the second embodiment, the water contact angle of the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 is preferably 60° to 120°, more preferably 70° to 115°, particularly preferably 80° to 110°, even more preferably 90° to 108°, and most preferably 95° to 107°, from the viewpoint of making it easier to achieve the above-mentioned oleic acid contact angle. Details of the method for measuring the water contact angle are as described in the test examples below.

[0096] In the second embodiment, the thickness of the coating layer 3 is preferably 0.03 to 15 μm, more preferably 0.05 to 12 μm, and even more preferably 0.07 to 10 μm, which makes it easier to exhibit excellent wiping properties for sebum stains.

[0097] In the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the third embodiment, the oleic acid contact angle on the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 is less than 45° as described above. However, from the viewpoint of enabling the coating layer 3 to more easily achieve excellent compatibility with sebum stains adhering to its surface, the oleic acid contact angle is preferably 35° or less, more preferably 32° or less, particularly preferably 30° or less, even more preferably 28° or less, and of these, preferably 26° or less. The lower limit of the oleic acid contact angle is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 5° or more, particularly 10° or more, or even 15° or more. Details of the method for measuring the oleic acid contact angle are as described in the test examples described below.

[0098] In the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the third embodiment, the water contact angle of the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 is preferably 50 to 97°, more preferably 55 to 94°, particularly preferably 60 to 92°, and even more preferably 65 to 90°, from the viewpoint of making it easier to achieve the above-mentioned oleic acid contact angle. Details of the method for measuring the water contact angle are as described in the test examples below.

[0099] In the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the third embodiment, the total light transmittance of the coating layer 3 is preferably 80 to 100%, more preferably 85 to 99%, and even more preferably 90 to 98%. This allows the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to this embodiment to have excellent visibility. Details of the method for measuring the total light transmittance are as described in the test examples below.

[0100] In the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the third embodiment, the scratch hardness (pencil hardness) of the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite the light-transmitting imaging unit 2, as measured by the pencil method in accordance with JIS K5600-5-4:1999, is preferably B or higher, more preferably HB or higher, particularly preferably F or higher, and even more preferably H or higher. Meanwhile, the pencil hardness is preferably 9H or lower, more preferably 8H or lower, particularly preferably 7H or lower, even more preferably 6H or lower, and even more preferably 5H or lower, and most preferably 4H or lower. This facilitates the surface to exhibit the desired hardness and scratch resistance, thereby providing excellent surface protection and particularly scratch resistance when the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c are used. The detailed method for measuring the pencil hardness is described in the test examples below.

[0101] In the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the third embodiment, the surface of the coating layer 3 opposite to the light-transmitting image forming unit 2 is coated with #0000 steel wool at a density of 250 g / cm in accordance with JIS K5600-5-10. ２ It is preferable that the surface not be scratched after being rubbed 10 times back and forth over a distance of 10 cm with a load of 0.015. This makes it easier for the surface to exhibit the desired hardness and scratch resistance, and when the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c are used, the surface exhibits excellent surface protection, making the surface particularly scratch-resistant. Note that detailed testing methods for the scratch resistance are as described in the test examples below.

[0102] In the third embodiment, the thickness of the coating layer 3 is preferably 0.03 to 15 μm, more preferably 0.05 to 12 μm, and even more preferably 0.07 to 10 μm. This makes it easier to achieve excellent compatibility with sebum stains. It also makes it easier to achieve the desired hardness and abrasion resistance.

[0103] (5) Method for Forming Coating Layer The coating layer 3 can be formed, for example, by applying a coating composition for forming the coating layer to the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 or the light diffusion control unit 4 described below. Known methods such as a knife coater method or an inkjet method can be used as the application method. When the composition for forming the coating layer contains a curable component, a step required for curing, such as irradiation with active energy rays or heating, is carried out on the coating film. Furthermore, when the coating composition contains a dilution solvent, a step of drying the coating film by heating is usually carried out.

[0104] In addition, other layers may be formed between the coating layer 3 and the light-transmitting imaging section 2 or the light diffusion control section 4, and an example of such a layer is a second coating layer whose oleic acid contact angle on the surface opposite the light-transmitting imaging section does not necessarily have to be greater than or less than 45°.

[0105] 4. Light Diffusion Control Unit As described above, the aerial image forming device according to this embodiment may include a light diffusion control unit 4. As shown in Fig. 2, when the light diffusion control unit 4 is located between the light-transmitting image forming unit 2 and the coating layer 3, the influence of ambient light can be effectively suppressed. The effect of this will be described below.

[0106] As a result of various studies, the inventors have speculated that the above-mentioned disturbance light is caused by light that enters the translucent imaging unit from an external light source and returns toward the viewer (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "return light"). In particular, when the translucent imaging unit is a retrotransmissive optical element (described later), the inventors speculated that such return light is light that enters the retrotransmissive optical element from an external light source, changes its emission direction significantly within the retrotransmissive optical element, and exits from the surface facing the viewer.

[0107] The aerial image forming device 10b according to this embodiment is configured such that the light diffusion control unit 4 is provided on the viewer-facing surface of the light-transmitting imaging unit 2, so that light incident on the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 from an external light source is diffused and transmitted through the light diffusion control unit 4. This makes it possible to suppress color breakup while blurring the return light, improving visibility. On the other hand, the light originating from the display unit 1 is transmitted straight through the light diffusion control unit 4, allowing the aerial image to be clearly displayed. As a result, the aerial image forming device 10b according to this embodiment can suppress the return light and reduce the effects of ambient light, thereby enabling the aerial image to be clearly viewed.

[0108] 3, when the light diffusion control section 4 is located on the side of the light-transmitting image forming section 2 opposite to the coating layer 3, the occurrence of ghost images can be effectively suppressed. This effect will be described below.

[0109] FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically illustrating the internal structure of the light diffusion control unit 4. As shown in FIG. 4, the light diffusion control unit 4 has a louvered, regular internal structure including multiple plate-like regions 41 with a relatively high refractive index within a region 42 with a relatively low refractive index. The regular internal structure of the light diffusion control unit 4 allows incident light incident on the surface of the light diffusion control unit 4 within a predetermined range of incident angles to be emitted while being strongly diffused with a predetermined opening angle. On the other hand, when the incident angle is outside the above-mentioned range, the light can be transmitted without being diffused or emitted with less diffusion than incident light within the above-mentioned range of incident angles. The direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the plate-like regions 41 and present on the surface of the light diffusion control unit 4 opposite the translucent imaging unit 2 (the direction indicated by "D1" in FIG. 4) is referred to as the "first direction."

[0110] In the aerial image forming device 10c according to this embodiment, when a desired image (real image) is displayed on the display surface of the display unit 1, an image (aerial image) formed by the real image being focused in the air can be seen at the position indicated by reference numeral "5" in Fig. 1 when viewed from a predetermined observation point 6. In this specification, the surface indicated by reference numeral "5" will be referred to as the "aerial image observation surface."

[0111] In conventional aerial image forming devices, an image known as a ghost image may also be displayed along with the aerial image. A ghost image is an image that reflects a real image and is displayed around the aerial image on the aerial image observation surface 5, even though it is not displayed on the display surface of the display unit 1. To suppress the occurrence of such ghost images, optical elements that block only the light that contributes to the formation of ghost images are sometimes used. However, because these optical elements block a portion of the light emitted from the display unit 1, they reduce the brightness of the aerial image, making it difficult for the viewer to view the aerial image.

[0112] In contrast, the aerial image forming device 10c according to the present embodiment is equipped with the light diffusion control unit 4, and is therefore able to effectively suppress the occurrence of ghost images while maintaining sufficient brightness of the aerial image. As will be explained below, this effect is presumed to be due to the action of the light diffusion control unit 4. However, this effect is not limited to this action, and the possibility of other effects also exists.

[0113] FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the action of the light diffusion control unit 4, and in particular, a diagram for explaining the relationship between the optical characteristics of the light diffusion control unit 4 and the light that forms the aerial image and the ghost image.

[0114] As described above, the light diffusion control unit 4 diffuses and transmits light incident within a predetermined incident angle range, and transmits light incident outside this incident angle range with almost no diffusion. The graph in FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the incident angle of light incident on the light diffusion control unit 4 and the haze value. Specifically, it shows that for light incident from an incident angle range of approximately −10° to approximately 10°, the haze value exceeds 80% (i.e., the light is diffused and transmitted). On the other hand, it shows that for light incident from an incident angle range of approximately −70° to approximately −20°, the haze value is approximately 15% (i.e., the light is transmitted with almost no diffusion). The incident angle at which the haze value fluctuates significantly (near −15° in FIG. 5) is sometimes referred to as the “threshold value.”

[0115] Here, the "haze value" mentioned above differs from ordinary "haze" in that it is a measurement value obtained by placing a predetermined distance between the integrating sphere opening and the sample and varying the angle of incidence onto the sample. In the measurements herein, the predetermined distance is set to 20 mm, but the value is not particularly limited as long as it allows for confirmation of the straight transmission / diffuse transmission of incident light.

[0116] In the aerial image forming device 10c according to this embodiment, the light diffusion controller 4 exhibiting the above-described optical characteristics is located between the display unit 1 and the translucent imaging unit 2. This allows the light for forming the aerial image to reach the translucent imaging unit 2 effectively, while allowing the light for forming the ghost image to reach the translucent imaging unit 2 in a diffused state. This allows the viewer to clearly view the aerial image while making it difficult to view the ghost image. Furthermore, because the light diffusion controller 4 controls the diffusion of light rather than blocking light, it is possible to display the aerial image with sufficient brightness while suppressing the occurrence of ghost images.

[0117] Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting the type of light diffusion control unit 4 and the stacking state with the light-transmitting imaging unit 2, etc., and adjusting the threshold value to be located between the range of incident angles of light for forming an aerial image and the range of incident angles of light for forming a ghost image, as shown in Figure 5, a better effect can be achieved.

[0118] The light diffusion control section 4 constituting the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c according to this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-described louver-like regular internal structure.

[0119] From the viewpoint of facilitating the formation of the regular internal structure, it is preferable that the light diffusion control parts 4 are formed by curing a composition for light diffusion control parts containing a high refractive index component and a low refractive index component having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index component. In particular, it is preferable that the high refractive index component and the low refractive index component each have one or two polymerizable functional groups.

[0120] From the perspective of the SDGs, the material that constitutes the light diffusion control unit 4 may be a material with a high biomass content, a material that can be recycled or reused, or a recycled or reused material.

[0121] (1) High Refractive Index Component Preferred examples of the high refractive index component include (meth)acrylic acid esters containing an aromatic ring, and particularly preferred are (meth)acrylic acid esters containing multiple aromatic rings. Examples of (meth)acrylic acid esters containing multiple aromatic rings include biphenyl (meth)acrylate, naphthyl (meth)acrylate, anthracyl (meth)acrylate, benzylphenyl (meth)acrylate, biphenyloxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, naphthyloxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, anthracyloxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, benzylphenyloxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, and the like, as well as those partially substituted with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl halide, or the like. Among these, biphenyl (meth)acrylate is preferred from the viewpoint of ease of forming a good regular internal structure, and specifically, o-phenylphenoxyethyl acrylate, o-phenylphenoxyethoxyethyl acrylate, and the like are preferred. Note that, in this specification, "(meth)acrylic acid" refers to both acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. The same applies to other similar terms.

[0122] The molecular weight of the high refractive index component is preferably 150 to 2500, particularly preferably 200 to 1500, and even more preferably 250 to 1000. This facilitates the formation of a light diffusion control section 4 having a desired regular internal structure. Note that, if the theoretical molecular weight of the high refractive index component can be determined based on its molecular structure, the molecular weight of the high refractive index component refers to this theoretical molecular weight. On the other hand, if the theoretical molecular weight is difficult to determine because the high refractive index component is, for example, a polymer component, the molecular weight of the high refractive index component refers to the weight-average molecular weight obtained as a value converted into standard polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Note that, in this specification, the measurement method for weight-average molecular weight refers to the value converted into standard polystyrene measured by the GPC method.

[0123] The refractive index of the high refractive index component is preferably 1.45 to 1.70, more preferably 1.50 to 1.65, particularly preferably 1.54 to 1.62, and even more preferably 1.56 to 1.59. This makes it easier to form light diffusion control parts 4 having a desired regular internal structure. Note that the refractive index in this specification means the refractive index of a predetermined component before curing the composition for light diffusion control part, and this refractive index is measured in accordance with JIS K0062:1992.

[0124] The content of the high refractive index component in the composition for light diffusion control portions is preferably 25 to 400 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 350 parts by mass, particularly preferably 75 to 300 parts by mass, and even more preferably 100 to 200 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the low refractive index component. This allows the regions derived from the high refractive index component and the regions derived from the low refractive index component to be present in a desired ratio in the regular internal structure of the light diffusion control portions 4 to be formed, making it easier to form the desired regular internal structure.

[0125] (2) Low refractive index component Preferred examples of the low refractive index component include urethane (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic polymers having (meth)acryloyl groups in their side chains, (meth)acryloyl group-containing silicone resins, and unsaturated polyester resins. Among these, it is particularly preferable to use urethane (meth)acrylate because it is easy to form a good regular internal structure. More specifically, it is preferable to use urethane (meth)acrylate formed from (a) a compound containing at least two isocyanate groups, (b) a polyalkylene glycol, and (c) a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate.

[0126] Preferred examples of the (a) compound containing at least two isocyanate groups include aromatic polyisocyanates such as 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 1,3-xylylene diisocyanate, and 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate, aliphatic polyisocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, alicyclic polyisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate and hydrogenated diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and biurets and isocyanurates thereof, as well as adducts which are reaction products with low-molecular-weight active hydrogen-containing compounds such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, and castor oil. Among these, alicyclic polyisocyanates are preferred, and alicyclic diisocyanates are particularly preferred.

[0127] Preferred examples of the polyalkylene glycol (b) include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycol, polyhexylene glycol, etc., and among these, polypropylene glycol is preferred. The weight-average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycol (b) is preferably 2,300 to 19,500, more preferably 3,000 to 14,300, and even more preferably 4,000 to 12,300.

[0128] Preferred examples of the (c) hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate include 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate, and 4-hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate, and among these, 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate is preferred.

[0129] The synthesis of a urethane (meth)acrylate using the above-mentioned components (a) to (c) as materials can be carried out according to a conventional method. In this case, from the viewpoint of efficiently synthesizing the urethane (meth)acrylate, the blending ratio of components (a) to (c) is preferably component (a):component (b):component (c)=1-5:1:1-5, and particularly preferably 1-3:1:1-3.

[0130] The weight average molecular weight of the low refractive index component is preferably 3,000 to 20,000, particularly preferably 5,000 to 15,000, and further preferably 7,000 to 13,000. This makes it easier to form the light diffusion controlling parts 4 having a desired regular internal structure.

[0131] The refractive index of the low refractive index component is preferably 1.30 to 1.59, more preferably 1.38 to 1.50, particularly preferably 1.42 to 1.49, and even more preferably 1.46 to 1.48 or less, which makes it easier to form the light diffusion control portion 4 having a desired regular internal structure.

[0132] (3) Other Additives The composition for light diffusion control portion described above may contain other additives in addition to the high refractive index component and the low refractive index component. Examples of the other additives include a polyfunctional monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, an antistatic agent, a polymerization accelerator, a polymerization inhibitor, an infrared absorber, an oxygen absorber, an antioxidant, a plasticizer, a diluting solvent, and a leveling agent.

[0133] Among the above, the composition for the light diffusion control portion preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator, which makes it easier to efficiently form the light diffusion control portion 4 having a desired regular internal structure.

[0134] Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include oligo[2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl]propane], as well as the photopolymerization initiators described above as those contained in the coating composition. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0135] When a photopolymerization initiator is used, the content of the photopolymerization initiator in the composition for light diffusion control portion is preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 16 parts by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 13 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.8 to 10 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the high refractive index component and the low refractive index component. This makes it easy to efficiently form light diffusion control portion 4 having a desired regular internal structure.

[0136] (4) Preparation of composition for light diffusion control portion The composition for light diffusion control portion can be prepared by uniformly mixing the high refractive index component and the low refractive index component described above, and, if desired, other additives such as a photopolymerization initiator and an ultraviolet absorber.

[0137] During the mixing, a uniform composition for controlling light diffusion may be obtained by stirring while heating to a temperature of 40 to 80° C. Furthermore, a dilution solvent may be added and mixed so that the resulting composition for controlling light diffusion has a desired viscosity.

[0138] (5) Regular internal structure As described above, it is preferable that the light diffusion control section 4 has a louver-like regular internal structure having a plurality of plate-like regions 41 with a relatively high refractive index within a region 42 with a relatively low refractive index.

[0139] 4, in the light diffusion control unit 4, each of the plate-like regions 41 is preferably inclined toward the first direction D1 within the light diffusion control unit 4. This makes it easier for the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c according to the present embodiment to suppress the occurrence of ghost images or ambient light, and to display brighter aerial images.

[0140] In the first embodiment, when the plate-like region 41 is inclined as described above, the angle of inclination relative to the thickness direction of the light diffusion control unit 4 is preferably 0° to 30°, more preferably 1° to 28°, particularly preferably 2° to 25°, even more preferably 3° to 22°, and most preferably 10° to 20°. This makes it easier for the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c according to this embodiment to suppress the occurrence of ghost images or ambient light, and to display brighter aerial images.

[0141] Furthermore, in the second and third embodiments, when the plate-like region 41 is inclined as described above, the angle of inclination relative to the thickness direction of the light diffusion control unit 4 is preferably 0° to 30°, more preferably 1° to 20°, particularly preferably 2° to 15°, and even more preferably 3° to 10°. This makes it easier for the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c according to the present embodiments to suppress the occurrence of ghost images or ambient light, and to display brighter aerial images.

[0142] The light diffusion control unit 4 may have a structure other than the regular internal structure as shown in Fig. 4. For example, the plate-like region 41 may be bent partway along the thickness direction of the light diffusion control unit 4. Furthermore, the light diffusion control unit 4 may have two or more stacked layers each having a regular internal structure in which the plate-like regions 41 are arranged.

[0143] (6) Thickness of Light Diffusion Control Unit The thickness of the light diffusion control unit 4 is preferably 1 to 500 μm, more preferably 10 to 300 μm, particularly preferably 50 to 250 μm, even more preferably 80 to 200 μm, and most preferably 100 to 160 μm. This makes it easier for the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c according to this embodiment to suppress the occurrence of ghost images or ambient light, and to display brighter aerial images.

[0144] (7) Method for Forming the Light Diffusion Control Section The method for forming the light diffusion control section 4 is not particularly limited, and it can be formed by a conventionally known method.

[0145] For example, the composition for light diffusion control portion described above is applied to one side of a process sheet to form a coating film, and then one side (particularly the release side) of a release sheet is laminated to the side of the coating film opposite the process sheet. Subsequently, the coating film is irradiated with active energy rays through the process sheet or through the release sheet to cure it, thereby forming the light diffusion control portion 4. In this way, by laminating the release sheet on the coating film, a gap is maintained between the release sheet and the process sheet, preventing the coating film from being crushed, making it easier to form a light diffusion control portion 4 with a uniform thickness and a desired regular internal structure.

[0146] Examples of the release sheet include resin films such as polyethylene films, polypropylene films, polybutene films, polybutadiene films, polymethylpentene films, polyvinyl chloride films, vinyl chloride copolymer films, polyethylene terephthalate films, polyethylene naphthalate films, polybutylene terephthalate films, polyurethane films, ethylene vinyl acetate films, ionomer resin films, ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer films, ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer films, polystyrene films, polycarbonate films, polyimide films, and fluororesin films. Crosslinked films of these may also be used. Furthermore, laminated films of these may also be used. From the perspective of the SDGs, the material constituting the release sheet may be a material with a high biomass content, a recyclable or reusable material, or a recycled or reused material.

[0147] The release surface of the release sheet is preferably subjected to a release treatment. Preferred examples of the release agent used for the release treatment include alkyd-based, silicone-based, fluorine-based, unsaturated polyester-based, polyolefin-based, and wax-based release agents.

[0148] The thickness of the release sheet is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of excellent handling and of being able to well protect the light diffusion control portion until use, it is preferably 20 to 200 μm, more preferably 30 to 100 μm.

[0149] The process sheet can be the resin film, crosslinked film, or laminated film thereof used as the release sheet described above. The release sheet described above can also be used as the process sheet.

[0150] The thickness of the process sheet is preferably 20 to 250 μm, more preferably 30 to 200 μm, from the viewpoint of facilitating the formation of the desired light diffusion control portions and of being able to adequately protect the light diffusion control portions until use.

[0151] Examples of the coating method include knife coating, roll coating, bar coating, blade coating, die coating, and gravure coating. The composition for light diffusion control portion may be diluted with a solvent as needed.

[0152] The coating film can be irradiated with active energy rays by a conventionally known method. For example, a linear light source is used as a light source of active energy rays, and the surface of the target is irradiated with band-like (almost linear) light that is random in the width direction (TD direction) and approximately parallel in the machine direction (MD direction). Note that the inclination angle of the plate-like region 41 can also be adjusted by adjusting the irradiation angle of the light.

[0153] The active energy rays refer to electromagnetic waves or charged particle rays that have an energy quantum, and specific examples include ultraviolet rays, electron beams, etc. Among active energy rays, ultraviolet rays are particularly preferred because they are easy to handle and can easily form a desired regular internal structure.

[0154] When ultraviolet rays are used as the active energy rays, the irradiation conditions are such that the peak irradiance on the coating surface is 0.1 to 200 mW / cm ２ Furthermore, it is preferable that the integrated light amount on the coating surface is 5 to 300 mJ / cm ２ Furthermore, the relative moving speed of the light source of the active energy rays with respect to the object to be irradiated is preferably 0.1 to 10 m / min.

[0155] From the viewpoint of completing the curing more reliably, it is also preferable to irradiate the cured product with normal active energy rays (active energy rays that have not been converted into parallel light or band-like light, or scattered light) after curing using the band-like light as described above.

[0156] 5. Other Components The aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the present embodiment may include components other than the display unit 1, the translucent image forming unit 2, the coating layer 3, and the light diffusion control unit 4 described above. For example, the coating layer 3 may be directly laminated on the translucent image forming unit 2 or the light diffusion control unit 4, or may be provided in the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c as a coating film formed by forming the coating layer 3 on a substrate. The coating layer in the coating film may be formed on the substrate in the same manner as the coating layer formation method described above. The coating film may have another layer between the coating layer 3 and the substrate. The coating film may be laminated on the translucent image forming unit 2 or the light diffusion control unit 4 by simply overlapping them and physically clamping and fixing their edges. However, it is preferable to adhere the coating film to the translucent image forming unit 2 or the light diffusion control unit 4. Examples of bonding methods include bonding the coating film to the translucent imaging section 2 or the light diffusion control section 4 with an adhesive, or bonding the coating film to the translucent imaging section 2 or the light diffusion control section 4 by thermocompression.

[0157] Although the substrate is not particularly limited, a transparent substrate is preferred, and a transparent resin film is particularly preferred. Examples of such films include polyester films such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate; polyolefin films such as polyethylene and polypropylene; cellophane; diacetyl cellulose film; triacetyl cellulose film; acetyl cellulose butyrate film; polyvinyl chloride film; polyvinylidene chloride film; polyvinyl alcohol film; ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film; polystyrene film; polycarbonate film; polymethylpentene film; polysulfone film; polyether ether ketone film; polyether sulfone film; polyetherimide film; fluororesin film; polyamide film; acrylic resin film; polyurethane resin film; norbornene polymer film; cyclic olefin polymer film; cyclic conjugated diene polymer film; and vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer film, or a laminate film thereof. From the perspective of the SDGs, the material constituting the substrate may be a highly biomass material, a recyclable or reusable material, or a recycled or reused material.

[0158] The thickness of the substrate is preferably 15 to 300 μm, more preferably 30 to 200 μm, and even more preferably 90 to 150 μm.

[0159] In the first, second, and third embodiments, from the viewpoint of improving the visibility of the aerial image, the haze value of the coating film is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 7.5% or less, and even more preferably 3% or less. The lower limit of the haze value is usually 0% or more. The haze value of the coating film is the haze value before application of the artificial sebum liquid, measured by the method described in the Examples below.

[0160] It is also preferable that the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to this embodiment are provided with a housing for fixing and accommodating the display unit 1, the light-transmitting image forming unit 2, the coating layer 3, and the light diffusion control unit 4 in predetermined positions.

[0161] The material, shape, dimensions, etc. of the housing can be appropriately selected depending on the application and purpose. In particular, it is preferable that the housing is made of a light-blocking material, which can prevent light from the display unit 1 from unintentionally leaking to the outside and can prevent unintentional intrusion of external light into the optical path from the display unit 1 to the light-transmitting imaging unit 2, etc.

[0162] 6. Positional Relationship of Each Element In the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c equipped with the light diffusion control unit 4, assuming a first direction indicated by "D1" in FIG. 4 and a second direction parallel to a plane perpendicular to both the display surface of the display unit 1 and one side of the light diffusion control unit 4 and existing within one side of the light diffusion control unit 4, it is preferable that the acute angle formed between the first direction and the second direction be greater than or equal to 0° and less than or equal to 90°. Regardless of the acute angle, by considering the angle of incidence on the light diffusion control unit 4 within a plane that includes D1 and is perpendicular to the light diffusion control unit 4, the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c according to this embodiment can more easily suppress the occurrence of ghost images or ambient light and can more easily display brighter aerial images.

[0163] Furthermore, when the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c according to this embodiment are equipped with the aforementioned retrotransmissive optical element having a two-sided corner reflector array structure as the light-transmitting imaging unit 2, or a retrotransmissive optical element consisting of two layers stacked together each having multiple reflective surfaces, it is also preferable that the following conditions be satisfied.

[0164] First, assume a plane F that is perpendicular to both the surface of the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 opposite the light diffusion control unit 4 and the display surface of the display unit 1 and that passes through the center point of the light-transmitting imaging unit 2. Also, the width of the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 in a cross section obtained by cutting the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 at the plane F is defined as width W.

[0165] Furthermore, an observation point that exists within the plane F is assumed to satisfy both the following conditions A and B. (Condition A) If the angle between the line segment connecting the observation point and the center point and the surface of the translucent imaging unit 2 opposite the light diffusion control unit 4 is defined as angle α, and the angle between the plane including the display surface of the display unit 1 and the plane including the surface of the translucent imaging unit 2 opposite the light diffusion control unit 4 is defined as angle β, the sum of angles α and β is 90°. (Condition B) The distance between the observation point and the center point is 1 to 10 times the width W.

[0166] As a supplementary note, the above condition A means that the position of the observation point is determined depending on the positional relationship between the display unit 1 and the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 in the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c. For example, in the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c in which the display unit 1 and the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 are disposed so that the angle β is 45°, the angle α related to the observation point is 45°, and in the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c in which the angle β is 60°, the angle α related to the observation point is 30°.

[0167] Furthermore, with regard to the above condition B, the expression "1 to 10 times the width W" means that the observation point only needs to satisfy the condition of any one point within this range. In particular, it is preferable that condition B be "the distance between the observation point and the center point is 3.5 times the width W."

[0168] It is preferable that the elements of the aerial image forming devices 10b, 10c are configured so that, when the aerial image forming devices 10b, 10c are observed from the observation point, the light diffusion control unit 4 simultaneously satisfies the following two conditions: (Condition 1) Of the light that is irradiated from any one point on the display unit 1 and reaches the observation point, the haze value is 60% or less for light that is reflected by both of the two layers that make up the retrotransmissive optical element. (Condition 2) Of the light that is irradiated from any one point on the display unit 1 and reaches the observation point, the haze value is 60% or more for light that is reflected by only one of the two layers that make up the retrotransmissive optical element.

[0169] By satisfying the above conditions, the aerial image forming devices 10b and 10c according to this embodiment can easily suppress the occurrence of ghost images or ambient light, and can easily display brighter aerial images.

[0170] Here, "reflection occurs in both layers" or "reflection occurs in only one of the two layers" does not refer to physical reflection, but rather to reflection in the sense of changing the direction of travel. Since parallel mirror surfaces are arranged in each layer of a retrotransmissive optical element, which is made up of two layers stacked together, each layer having multiple reflective surfaces, the direction of travel is changed by an odd number of reflections, but not by an even number of reflections. The phrase "reflection occurs" in the above can be rephrased as "reflection occurs an odd number of times, and the direction of travel is changed."

[0171] 7. Manufacturing Method of Aerial Image Forming Device The manufacturing method of the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited. For example, after preparing the display unit 1, the light-transmitting image forming unit 2, the coating layer 3 (coating film), and the light diffusion control unit 4, the display unit 1 is placed in a predetermined position on the housing, and a laminate of the light-transmitting image forming unit 2, the coating layer 3 (coating film), and, if desired, the light diffusion control unit 4 is placed, thereby obtaining the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c.

[0172] 8. How to Use the Aerial Image Forming Device The aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the present embodiment can be used as display devices for displaying any image or video in the air. There are no specific limitations on how they can be used, and they can be used in the same way as conventionally known display devices.

[0173] [Laminate] The laminate according to this embodiment is a laminate obtained by omitting the display unit 1 from the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c described above. That is, the laminate according to this embodiment includes a light-transmitting imaging unit 2 that causes light incident from one surface to form an image at a position on the other surface, and a coating layer 3 laminated on one surface of the light-transmitting imaging unit 2. The laminate according to this embodiment may further include a light diffusion control unit 4 between the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 and the coating layer 3 or on the surface of the light-transmitting imaging unit 2 opposite to the coating layer 3. Details of the composition, structure, and the like of the light-transmitting imaging unit 2, the coating layer 3, and the light diffusion control unit 4 are as described above.

[0174] The laminate according to this embodiment can be obtained by (i) forming a coating layer 3 on one surface of the translucent imaging unit 2, (ii) preparing the translucent imaging unit 2 or the light diffusion control unit 4, and then forming a coating layer 3 on one surface of either one of the components and laminating the other component on the opposite surface, or (iii) laminating the translucent imaging unit 2 and the light diffusion control unit 4, and then forming a coating layer 3 on the surface of either one of the components opposite the surface facing the other component. The laminate according to this embodiment can also be used to form the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to this embodiment. That is, by placing a display unit 1 at a predetermined position on the laminate according to this embodiment, the aerial image forming devices 10a, 10b, and 10c according to this embodiment can be obtained.

[0175] In this specification, when it is stated that "X to Y" (X and Y are any numbers), it means "X or more and Y or less" unless otherwise specified, and also means "preferably greater than X" or "preferably smaller than Y". Furthermore, when it is stated that "X or more" (X is any number), it means "preferably greater than X" unless otherwise specified, and when it is stated that "Y or less" (Y is any number), it also means "preferably smaller than Y" unless otherwise specified.

[0176] The above-described embodiments have been described to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Therefore, each element disclosed in the above embodiments is intended to include all design modifications and equivalents that fall within the technical scope of the present invention.

[0177] The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0178] [Examples According to First Embodiment] [Example 1-1] 100 parts by mass (solid content equivalent; the same applies hereinafter) of a urethane polymer (weight average molecular weight: 32,000, containing hydroxyl groups) which is a thermosetting resin, 11.8 parts by mass of acetyl tributyl citrate as a plasticizer, 18 parts by mass of an isocyanate crosslinking agent (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., product name "Takenate D-170HN", isocyanate type: hexamethylene diisocyanate, modified form: isocyanurate) as a crosslinking agent, and 0.75 parts by mass of a silicone leveling agent (manufactured by BYK-Chemie, product name "BYK-SILCLEAN 3700") were mixed using toluene as a dilution solvent to obtain a coating liquid of a coating composition.

[0179] The coating solution of the coating composition obtained above was applied to one side of a polyethylene terephthalate film (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., product name "Lumirror U48", thickness: 125 μm) as a base film using a wire bar #30, and the coating was dried by heating at 120°C for 1 minute to form a coating layer. The coating layer was then left to stand at room temperature for 4 days to thermally cure. In this way, a coating layer with a thickness of 10 μm was formed on the base film, and a coating film was obtained.

[0180] The thickness of the coating layer is a value measured in accordance with JIS K7130 using a constant pressure thickness measuring instrument (manufactured by Teclock Corporation, product name "PG-02") (the same applies hereinafter).

[0181] Example 1-2 100 parts by mass of a multifunctional urethane acrylate (manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd., product name "BEAMSET 577") serving as an ultraviolet curable resin, 25.0 parts by mass of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate serving as a plasticizer, 0.05 parts by mass of a silicone-based leveling agent (manufactured by BYK-Chemie, product name "BYK-SILCLEAN 3700"), and 5 parts by mass of α-hydroxyphenyl ketone serving as a photopolymerization initiator were mixed using propylene glycol monomethyl ether as a dilution solvent to obtain a coating liquid of a coating composition.

[0182] The coating solution of the coating composition obtained above was applied to one surface of a polyethylene terephthalate film (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., product name "Lumirror U48", thickness: 125 μm) as a base film using a wire bar #12, and dried at 70° C. for 1 minute to form a coating layer.

[0183] Next, under a nitrogen atmosphere, the coating layer was irradiated with ultraviolet light under the following conditions using an ultraviolet irradiation device (manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd., product name "Eigrantage ECS-401GX type") to form a coating layer having a thickness of 5 μm on the substrate film, thereby obtaining a coating film.

[0184] [Ultraviolet light irradiation conditions] Light source: high-pressure mercury lamp Lamp power: 2 kW Conveyor speed: 4.23 m / min Illuminance: 200 mW / cm ２ ・Light intensity: 200mJ / cm ２

[0185] Comparative Example 1-1 A coating film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that no plasticizer was added.

[0186] [Test Example 1-1] (Quantitative evaluation of antifouling properties) A ​​0.2% by mass ethanol solution of oleic acid as a pseudo-sebum liquid was applied to the surface of the coating layer of each of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples using a wire bar #2, and then allowed to dry naturally. Note that the oleic acid used was oleic acid manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

[0187] For the above-mentioned coating film, the haze value (%) before application of the artificial sebum liquid, immediately after application, and after 25 hours of application is measured using a haze meter (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., product name "NDH5000") according to JIS K7136:2000.In addition, the haze value change (point) is calculated by subtracting the haze value (%) before application from the haze value (%) immediately after application of the artificial sebum liquid, and the haze value change (point; quantitative evaluation of fingerprint resistance) is calculated by subtracting the haze value (%) before application from the haze value (%) after 25 hours of application of the artificial sebum liquid.The respective results are shown in Table 2.

[0188] Test Example 1-2 (Sensory Evaluation of Antifouling Properties) Fingerprints made with finger sebum were left on the surface of the coating layer of each of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples. After 25 hours, the surface of the coating film was visually inspected under a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp, and the fingerprint resistance was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0189] ◎: Fingerprints were barely visible. 〇: Fingerprints were barely noticeable. △: Fingerprints were slightly noticeable. ×: Fingerprints were clearly visible.

[0190] [Test Example 1-3] (Evaluation of Scratch Resistance) The surfaces of the coating layers of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples were scratched with #0000 steel wool at a rate of 125 g / cm. ２ The coating film was rubbed five times back and forth over a distance of 10 cm under a load of 0.5 g. The surface of the coating film was visually inspected under a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp, and the scratch resistance was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 2. ⊚: No scratches were found. ◯: 1 to 10 scratches were found. △: 11 to 50 scratches were found. ×: 51 or more scratches were found.

[0191] [Test Examples 1-4] (Evaluation of Finger Slipperiness) Fingers were slid over the coating layer surfaces of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples, and finger slipperiness was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 2. ⊚: Fingers slid extremely smoothly. ◯: Fingers slid smoothly. Δ: Fingers did not slide easily. ×: Fingers did not slide smoothly.

[0192] [Test Examples 1-5] (Contact Angle Measurement) The contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the coating layer of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples was measured under the following conditions using a contact angle measuring meter (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd., product name "DM-701"). Note that oleic acid manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used. The results are shown in Table 2. - Amount of oleic acid droplet: 2 μl - Measurement time: 3 seconds after dropping - Image analysis method: θ / 2 method

[0193] The water contact angle on the surface of the coating layer of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples was measured in the same manner as above, except that the conditions were as follows. The results are shown in Table 2. Water droplet volume: 2 μl Measurement time: 3 seconds after dropping Image analysis method: θ / 2 method

[0194] [Test Example 1-6] (Measurement of surface free energy) The contact angles of various liquid droplets on the coating layer surfaces of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples were measured, and the surface free energy (mJ / m) was calculated based on the measured values ​​according to the Kitazaki-Hata theory. ２ ) was measured. The contact angle was measured using a contact angle meter (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd., product name "DM-701") by the sessile drop method in accordance with JIS R3257. For the droplets, diiodomethane was used as the "dispersion component" and 1-bromonaphthalene as the "dipole component" and distilled water as the "hydrogen bond component". The results are shown in Table 2.

[0195] Test Example 1-7 (Evaluation of visibility of aerial image) The surface of the coating film produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples facing the substrate film was superimposed on one side of a retrotransmitting optical element (manufactured by Asukanet Co., Ltd., product name "ASKA3D-200NT", length 200 mm × width 200 mm × thickness 6.3 mm) which was a light-transmitting imaging section and consisted of two layers with multiple reflective surfaces, with the edges fixed so as not to leave any gaps between them.

[0196] The resulting laminate of the coating film and the light-transmitting image forming part was placed in a housing with the main surface of the laminate horizontal and the surface facing the light-transmitting image forming part facing downwards. Furthermore, a laptop computer screen was placed in the housing as a display unit, facing the laminate of the coating film and the light-transmitting image forming part.

[0197] When the display unit was installed, the angle between the display surface of the display unit and the main surface of the light-transmitting image forming unit was 45°. The housing was light-shielding so that light emitted from the display unit would not escape to the outside except through the coating film and the light-transmitting image forming unit.

[0198] As a result, an aerial image forming device was obtained in which the coating film, the light-transmitting image forming section, and the display section were arranged inside the housing.

[0199] An image measuring 70 mm in height and 100 mm in width was then displayed on the display unit to generate an aerial image, and the visibility of the aerial image was observed visually. The results are shown in Table 2. ⊚: The aerial image was very well visible. ◯: The aerial image was well visible. △: The aerial image was slightly difficult to view. ×: The aerial image was difficult to view.

[0200] Next, fingerprints were left on the surface of the coating film in the aerial image forming device using sebum from a finger, and immediately thereafter, the visibility of the aerial image was visually observed in the same manner as above. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0201] Furthermore, 25 hours after the fingerprint was attached, the visibility of the aerial image was visually observed in the same manner as above. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0202]

[0203]

[0204] As can be seen from Table 2, with the coating film obtained in the example, the haze value returned to the state before the fingerprint was attached after a certain period of time had passed since the fingerprint was attached. Furthermore, with the aerial image forming device formed using the coating film obtained in the example, the aerial image was clearly visible after the fingerprint was attached and the device was left for a certain period of time.

[0205] [Example according to the second embodiment] [Example 2-1] 100 parts by mass of an organic-inorganic hybrid resin (manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd., product name "Opstar Z7530", a mixture of a substance obtained by bonding acryloyl groups to silica fine particles (CV value: 28%) with an average particle size of 50 nm and a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer, containing a photopolymerization initiator), 0.3 parts by mass of a carboxyl group-containing modified polymer (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., product name "Florene G-700") as a dispersant, 0.24 parts by mass of a fluorine-based surfactant (manufactured by Neos Corporation, product name "Ftergent 602A") as a leveling agent, and 9.0 parts by mass of an acrylic filler (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., product name "Technopolymer SSX-101", spherical, average particle size: 1.5 μm, refractive index: 1.49) as a filler were mixed in propylene glycol monomethyl ether as a dilution solvent to obtain a coating liquid of a coating composition not containing an antifouling agent.

[0206] The coating solution of the antifouling agent-free coating composition obtained above was applied to one side of a triacetyl cellulose film (manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc., product name "KC8UAW", thickness: 80 μm) as a base film, and the coating was dried by heating at 70° C. for 1 minute to form a coating layer.

[0207] Next, under a nitrogen atmosphere, the coating layer was irradiated with ultraviolet light under the following conditions using an ultraviolet irradiation device (manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd., product name "Eigrantage ECS-401GX type") to form a 5.0 μm thick coating layer not including an antifouling layer on the substrate film.

[0208] [Ultraviolet light irradiation conditions] Light source: high-pressure mercury lamp Lamp power: 2 kW Conveyor speed: 4.23 m / min Illuminance: 200 mW / cm ２ ・Light intensity: 200mJ / cm ２

[0209] The thickness of the coating layer is a value measured in accordance with JIS K7130 using a constant pressure thickness measuring device (manufactured by Teclock Corporation, product name "PG-02") (the same applies to the thickness of the coating layer in Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Example 1).

[0210] 10 parts by mass of polyfunctional urethane acrylate (manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd., product name "Beamset 575CB"), 36.6 parts by mass of hollow silica fine particles (manufactured by JGC Catalysts, Ltd., product name "Sururia 5320"), 7.5 parts by mass of a fluorine-based antifouling material (weight average molecular weight 37,000) as an antifouling agent, and 0.3 parts by mass of α-aminoalkylphenone (manufactured by IMG Resins, product name "OMNIRAD 907") as a photopolymerization initiator were mixed in a mixed solvent of cyclohexane and methyl isobutyl ketone (mixing ratio 1:1) as a dilution solvent to obtain a coating liquid of a coating composition containing an antifouling agent.

[0211] The coating solution of the coating composition containing the antifouling agent obtained above was further applied onto the coating layer containing no antifouling agent formed on the substrate film to form a coating layer containing an antifouling layer.

[0212] Next, under a nitrogen atmosphere, the coating layer was irradiated with ultraviolet light under the same conditions as described above to form a coating layer containing an antifouling layer with a thickness of 0.1 μm on the coating layer not containing an antifouling layer, thereby obtaining a coating film.

[0213] The thickness of the coating layer was measured using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (manufactured by J.A. WOOLLAM, product name "M-2000") at a measurement wavelength of 589 nm and a measurement temperature of 23° C. In addition, before the measurement, the surface of the substrate film on which the coating layer was not formed was rubbed with sandpaper and then painted black with a pen (manufactured by Zebra, product name "Mackie Black").

[0214] Example 2-2 100 parts by mass of an organic-inorganic hybrid resin (manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd., product name "Opstar Z7530", a mixture of a substance obtained by bonding acryloyl groups to silica fine particles having an average particle size of 50 nm (CV value: 28%) and a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer, containing a photopolymerization initiator) and 3.65 parts by mass of a fluorine-based antifouling agent (manufactured by DIC Corporation, product name "Megafac RS-90") as an antifouling agent were mixed in propylene glycol monomethyl ether as a dilution solvent to obtain a coating liquid of a coating composition.

[0215] The coating solution of the coating composition obtained above was applied to one side of a polyethylene terephthalate film (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., product name "Lumirror U403", thickness: 125 μm) as a base film, and the coating was dried by heating at 70° C. for 1 minute to form a coating layer.

[0216] Next, the coating layer was irradiated with ultraviolet light under a nitrogen atmosphere under the same conditions as described above to form a coating layer having a thickness of 5.0 μm on the substrate film, thereby obtaining a coating film.

[0217] Example 2-3 A mixture of 100 parts by mass of an organic-inorganic hybrid resin (manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd., product name "Opstar Z7530", a mixture of a substance in which acryloyl groups are bonded to silica fine particles (CV value: 28%) with an average particle size of 50 nm and a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer, containing a photopolymerization initiator), 0.2 parts by mass of a carboxyl group-containing modified polymer (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., product name "Florene G-700") as a dispersant, and a silicone-based leveling agent (manufactured by Toray Dowco) as a leveling agent was used. A coating composition coating solution was obtained by mixing 0.1 parts by mass of a silicone-based oligomer (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, product name "SH28") as an antifouling agent, 5.0 parts by mass of a reactive silicone oligomer (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, product name "Shikou UV-AF100") as an antifouling agent, and 7.0 parts by mass of an acrylic filler (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., product name "Technopolymer SSX-101", spherical, average particle size: 1.5 μm, refractive index: 1.49) as a filler in propylene glycol monomethyl ether as a dilution solvent.

[0218] The coating solution of the coating composition obtained above was applied to one side of a polyethylene terephthalate film (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., product name "QTG8(6)", thickness: 125 μm) as a base film, and the coating was dried by heating at 70° C. for 1 minute to form a coating layer.

[0219] Next, the coating layer was irradiated with ultraviolet light under a nitrogen atmosphere under the same conditions as described above to form a coating layer having a thickness of 5.0 μm on the substrate film, thereby obtaining a coating film.

[0220] Comparative Example 2-1 100 parts by mass of pentaerythritol tri- and tetraacrylate (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., product name "NK Ester A-TMM-3L"), 100 parts by mass of ethoxylated (12 mol) dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., product name "NK Ester A-DPH-12E"), 0.2 parts by mass of acrylic-modified polydimethylsiloxane (manufactured by BYK-Chemie, product name "BYK-3550") as an antifouling agent, and 10 parts by mass of α-hydroxyalkylphenone (manufactured by IMG Resins, product name "OMNIRAD 184") as a photopolymerization initiator were mixed in methyl isobutyl ketone as a dilution solvent to obtain a coating liquid of a coating composition.

[0221] The coating solution of the coating composition obtained above was applied to one side of a polyethylene terephthalate film (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., product name "Lumirror U48", thickness: 125 μm) as a base film, and heated at 70° C. for 1 minute to form a coating layer.

[0222] Next, the coating layer was irradiated with ultraviolet light under a nitrogen atmosphere under the same conditions as described above to form a coating layer having a thickness of 3.0 μm on the substrate film, thereby obtaining a coating film.

[0223] [Test Example 2-1] (Quantitative evaluation of antifouling properties) A ​​0.2% by mass ethanol solution of oleic acid as a pseudo-sebum liquid was applied to the surface of the coating layer of each of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples using a wire bar #2, and then allowed to dry naturally. Note that the oleic acid used was oleic acid manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

[0224] For the above-mentioned coating film, before applying the artificial sebum liquid, immediately after applying, and after wiping off the artificial sebum liquid with nonwoven fabric (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, product name "Bencotto"), the haze value (%) is measured according to JIS K7136:2000 using a haze meter (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., product name "NDH5000").In addition, calculate the haze value change (point) by subtracting the haze value (%) before application from the haze value (%) after wiping off the artificial sebum liquid.Each result is shown in Table 3.

[0225] [Test Example 2-2] (Sensory evaluation of antifouling properties) Fingerprints made from finger sebum were left on the surface of the coating layer of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples. The surface of the coating film was then wiped once with a nonwoven fabric (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, product name "Bencotto"), and the surface of the coating film was visually inspected under a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp, and a sensory evaluation of fingerprint resistance was performed according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0226] ◎: Fingerprints were barely visible. 〇: Fingerprints were barely noticeable. △: Fingerprints were slightly noticeable. ×: Fingerprints were clearly visible.

[0227] [Test Example 2-3] (Evaluation of Scratch Resistance) The surfaces of the coating layers of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples were scratched with #0000 steel wool at a rate of 125 g / cm. ２ The coating film was rubbed five times back and forth over a distance of 10 cm under a load of 0.5 g. The surface of the coating film was visually inspected under a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp, and the scratch resistance was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 3. ⊚: No scratches were found. ◯: 1 to 10 scratches were found. △: 11 to 50 scratches were found. ×: 51 or more scratches were found.

[0228] [Test Example 2-4] (Evaluation of Finger Slipperiness) Fingers were slid over the surface of the coating layer of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples, and finger slipperiness was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 3. ⊚: Fingers slid extremely smoothly. ◯: Fingers slid smoothly. Δ: Fingers did not slide easily. ×: Fingers did not slide smoothly.

[0229] [Test Example 2-5] (Contact Angle Measurement) The contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the coating layer of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples was measured under the following conditions using a contact angle measuring meter (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd., product name "DM-701"). Note that oleic acid manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used as the oleic acid. The results are shown in Table 3. - Amount of oleic acid droplet: 2 μl - Measurement time: 3 seconds after dropping - Image analysis method: θ / 2 method

[0230] The water contact angle on the surface of the coating layer of the coating films produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples was measured in the same manner as above, except that the conditions were as follows. The results are shown in Table 1. Water droplet volume: 2 μl Measurement time: 3 seconds after dropping Image analysis method: θ / 2 method

[0231] Test Example 2-6 (Evaluation of visibility of aerial image) The surface of the coating film produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples facing the substrate film was superimposed on one side of a retrotransmitting optical element (manufactured by Asukanet Co., Ltd., product name "ASKA3D-200NT", length 200 mm × width 200 mm × thickness 6.3 mm) which was a light-transmitting imaging section and consisted of two layers with multiple reflective surfaces, and the edges were fixed together so that no gaps were formed between them.

[0232] The resulting laminate of the coating film and the light-transmitting image forming part was placed in a housing with the main surface of the laminate horizontal and the surface facing the light-transmitting image forming part facing downwards. Furthermore, a laptop computer screen was placed in the housing as a display unit, facing the laminate of the coating film and the light-transmitting image forming part.

[0233] When the display unit was installed, the angle between the display surface of the display unit and the main surface of the light-transmitting image forming unit was 45°. The housing was light-shielding so that light emitted from the display unit would not escape to the outside except through the coating film and the light-transmitting image forming unit.

[0234] As a result, an aerial image forming device was obtained in which the coating film, the light-transmitting image forming section, and the display section were arranged inside the housing.

[0235] An image measuring 70 mm in height and 100 mm in width was then displayed on the display unit to generate an aerial image, and the visibility of the aerial image was observed visually. The results are shown in Table 3. ⊚: The aerial image was very well visible. ◯: The aerial image was well visible. △: The aerial image was slightly difficult to view. ×: The aerial image was difficult to view.

[0236] Next, fingerprints were left on the surface of the coating film in the aerial image forming device using sebum from a finger, and immediately thereafter, the visibility of the aerial image was visually observed in the same manner as above. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0237] Furthermore, the fingerprints adhered as described above were wiped off with Bemcot, and the visibility of the aerial image was visually observed in the same manner as above. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0238]

[0239] As can be seen from Table 3, in the aerial imaging device formed using the coating film obtained in the example, wiping off the fingerprints almost restored the haze value to the state before the fingerprints were left. Furthermore, in the aerial imaging device formed using the coating film obtained in the example, the aerial image could be clearly seen after wiping off the fingerprints.

[0240] [Examples of the Third Embodiment] [Example 3-1] A commercially available coating film (manufactured by Lintec Corporation, product name "OPTERIA HA137") in which a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, a substrate, and a coating layer were laminated in this order was prepared, and used as the coating film of Example 3-1.

[0241] Example 3-2 A commercially available coating film (manufactured by Lintec Corporation, product name "OPTERIA HA116") in which a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, a substrate, and a coating layer were laminated in this order was prepared and used as the coating film of Example 3-2.

[0242] Comparative Example 3-1 A commercially available coating film (manufactured by Lintec Corporation, product name "OPTERIA HA149") in which a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, a substrate, and a coating layer were laminated in this order was prepared and used as the coating film of Comparative Example 3-1.

[0243] [Test Example 3-1] (Measurement of total light transmittance) The total light transmittance of the coating films used in the examples and comparative examples was measured using a haze meter (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., product name "SH-7000") in accordance with JIS K7361-1:1997. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0244] [Test Example 3-2] (Measurement of Pencil Hardness) The pencil hardness of the coating layer side of the coating film used in the Examples and Comparative Examples was measured in accordance with JIS K5600-5-4. For the measurement, a pencil scratch hardness tester (manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho, product name "No. 553-M") was used, and a pencil manufactured by Mitsubishi Pencil Co., Ltd., product name "UNI" was used as the pencil. The pencil was brought into contact with the measurement surface at an angle of 45°, and a load of 750 g was applied, causing it to run for 7 mm or more. The test was repeated five times for each type of pencil, varying the hardness of the pencil. The pencil that did not cause scratches on the coating layer side three or more times was identified, and the highest hardness among them was taken as the pencil hardness. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0245] [Test Example 3-3] (Evaluation of Scratch Resistance) The surface of the coating layer of the coating film used in the examples and comparative examples was scratched with #0000 steel wool at a rate of 250 g / cm in accordance with JIS K5600-5-10. ２ After rubbing 10 times over a distance of 10 cm under a load of 0.1 mm, it was confirmed whether or not scratches were formed on the surface. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0246] [Test Example 3-4] (Quantitative evaluation of antifouling properties) A ​​0.2% by mass ethanol solution of oleic acid as a pseudo-sebum liquid was applied to the surface of the coating layer of each of the coating films prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples using a wire bar #2, and then allowed to dry naturally. Note that the oleic acid used was oleic acid manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

[0247] The haze value (%) of the above-mentioned coating film before and after application of the artificial sebum liquid was measured using a haze meter (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., product name "NDH5000") according to JIS K7136:2000.In addition, the haze value change (point) was calculated by subtracting the haze value (%) before application from the haze value (%) after application of the artificial sebum liquid.The respective results are shown in Table 4.

[0248] [Test Example 3-5] (Sensory evaluation of antifouling properties) Fingerprints made with finger sebum were left on the surface of the coating layer of the coating films prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples. The surfaces of the coating films were then visually inspected under a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp, and the fingerprint resistance was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0249] Good: Fingerprints were not noticeable. Bad: Fingerprints were clearly visible.

[0250] [Test Example 3-6] (Contact Angle Measurement) The contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the coating layer of the coating film prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples was measured under the following conditions using a contact angle measuring meter (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd., product name "DM-701"). Note that oleic acid manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used as the oleic acid. The results are shown in Table 4. - Amount of oleic acid droplet: 2 μl - Measurement time: 3 seconds after dropping - Image analysis method: θ / 2 method

[0251] The water contact angle on the surface of the coating layer of the coating films prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples was measured in the same manner as above, except that the conditions were as follows. The results are shown in Table 4. Water droplet volume: 2 μl Measurement time: 3 seconds after dropping Image analysis method: θ / 2 method

[0252] Test Example 3-7 (Evaluation of visibility of aerial image) The surface of the coating film prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples facing the substrate film was superimposed on one side of a retrotransmitting optical element (manufactured by Asukanet Co., Ltd., product name "ASKA3D-200NT", length 200 mm × width 200 mm × thickness 6.3 mm) which was a light-transmitting imaging unit and consisted of two layers with multiple reflective surfaces, with the edges fixed so as not to leave any gaps between them.

[0253] The resulting laminate of the coating film and the light-transmitting image forming part was placed in a housing with the main surface of the laminate horizontal and the surface facing the light-transmitting image forming part facing downwards. Furthermore, a laptop computer screen was placed in the housing as a display unit, facing the laminate of the coating film and the light-transmitting image forming part.

[0254] When the display unit was installed, the angle between the display surface of the display unit and the main surface of the light-transmitting image forming unit was 45°. The housing was light-shielding so that light emitted from the display unit would not escape to the outside except through the coating film and the light-transmitting image forming unit.

[0255] As a result, an aerial image forming device was obtained in which the coating film, the light-transmitting image forming section, and the display section were arranged inside the housing.

[0256] An image measuring 70 mm in height and 100 mm in width was then displayed on the display unit to generate an aerial image, and the visibility of the aerial image was observed visually. The results are shown in Table 4. ◯: The aerial image was well visible. ×: The aerial image was difficult to view.

[0257] Next, fingerprints were left on the surface of the coating film in the aerial image forming device using sebum from a finger, and immediately thereafter, the visibility of the aerial image was visually observed in the same manner as above. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0258]

[0259] As can be seen from Table 4, in the aerial imaging device formed using the coating film obtained in the example, the haze value remained almost unchanged even after the fingerprint marks were left on the device compared to before the fingerprint marks were left on the device. Furthermore, in the aerial imaging device formed using the coating film obtained in the example, the aerial image was clearly visible even after the fingerprint marks were left on the device.

[0260] The aerial image forming device of the present invention can be suitably used as a display or the like that displays an aerial image.

[0261] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10a, 10b, 10c... aerial image forming device 1... display section 2... light-transmitting image forming section 3... coating layer 4... light diffusion control section 41... plate-shaped region 42... region with relatively low refractive index 5... aerial image observation surface 6... observation point

Claims

1. An aerial image forming device comprising: a display unit having a display surface and emitting light from said display surface; a light-transmitting imaging unit arranged on the display surface side of said display unit, which transmits said light and forms an image at a position on the side opposite said display unit; and a coating layer containing a plasticizer laminated on the side of said light-transmitting imaging unit opposite said display unit.

2. An aerial image forming device comprising: a display unit having a display surface and emitting light from said display surface; a light-transmitting imaging unit arranged on the display surface side of said display unit, which transmits said light and forms an image at a position on the side opposite said display unit; and a coating layer laminated on the side of said light-transmitting imaging unit opposite said display unit, wherein the contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of said coating layer opposite said light-transmitting imaging unit is 45° or more.

3. An aerial image forming device comprising: a display unit having a display surface and emitting light from said display surface; a light-transmitting imaging unit arranged on the display surface side of said display unit, which transmits said light and forms an image at a position on the side opposite said display unit; and a coating layer laminated on the side of said light-transmitting imaging unit opposite said display unit, wherein the contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of said coating layer opposite said light-transmitting imaging unit is less than 45°.

4. An aerial image forming device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the display unit is positioned relative to the light-transmitting image forming unit and the coating layer so that the display surface and one side of the light-transmitting image forming unit are non-parallel.

5. An aerial image forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the aerial image forming device is provided with a light diffusion control section between the light-transmitting image forming section and the coating layer or on the surface of the light-transmitting image forming section opposite the coating layer, the light diffusion control section diffuses or transmits light incident into the light diffusion control section depending on the angle of incidence, and the light diffusion control section has a regular louver-like internal structure with a plurality of plate-like regions with a relatively high refractive index within a region with a relatively low refractive index.

6. An aerial image forming device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, when a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the plate-like region and existing in a plane of the light diffusion control unit opposite the light-transmitting image forming unit is defined as a first direction, each of the plate-like regions is inclined toward the first direction within the light diffusion control unit.

7. The aerial image forming device according to claim 6, wherein the angle of inclination of said plate-like region is 0° or more and 30° or less with respect to the thickness direction of said light diffusion control section.

8. An aerial image forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the light-transmitting imaging unit is provided with a retrotransmitting optical element that retrotransmits incident light.

9. The aerial image forming device described in claim 8, characterized in that the retrotransmissive optical element is formed by stacking two layers each having a plurality of reflective surfaces, and in each of the two layers, the plurality of reflective surfaces are arranged perpendicular to one side of the retrotransmissive optical element and at a predetermined distance from each other, and the two layers are stacked so that the reflective surface in one layer is perpendicular to the reflective surface in the other layer.

10. A laminate comprising: a light-transmitting imaging section that forms an image of light incident from one surface at a position on the other surface; and a coating layer containing a plasticizer that is laminated on one surface of the light-transmitting imaging section.

11. A laminate comprising: a light-transmitting imaging section that forms an image of light incident from one side at a position on the other side; and a coating layer laminated on one side of said light-transmitting imaging section, wherein the contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of said coating layer opposite to said light-transmitting imaging section is 45° or more.

12. A laminate comprising: a light-transmitting imaging section that forms an image of light incident from one surface at a position on the other surface; and a coating layer laminated on one surface of the light-transmitting imaging section, wherein the contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the coating layer opposite the light-transmitting imaging section is less than 45°.

13. A laminate according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the laminate comprises a light diffusion control section between the light-transmitting image forming section and the coating layer or on the surface of the light-transmitting image forming section opposite the coating layer, the light diffusion control section diffuses or transmits light incident into the light diffusion control section depending on the angle of incidence, and the light diffusion control section has a louver-like regular internal structure comprising a plurality of plate-like regions with a relatively high refractive index within a region with a relatively low refractive index.

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