Beam prediction configuration for discontinuous reception (DRX) -off durations and deactivated DRX-on durations
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/080494
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face interruptions and inefficiencies in beam prediction due to discontinuous reception (DRX) modes, leading to unreliable performance, increased latency, and decreased accuracy in UE-side beam prediction, particularly when using AI/ML models.
Implement an updated beam prediction configuration that allows UE to measure and report beam measurements during both DRX-on and DRX-off durations, adapting to DRX configurations and wake-up signal (WUS) indications to ensure continuous beam prediction operations.
Prevents interruptions in beam prediction by enabling UE to measure and report beam measurements outside DRX-on durations, enhancing prediction accuracy and reducing latency.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024080494_02102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
BEAM PREDICTION CONFIGURATION FOR DISCONTINUOUS RECEPTION (DRX) -OFF DURATIONS AND DEACTIVATED DRX-ON DURATIONSFIELD
[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some implementations, examples are described for beam prediction measurement and reporting during discontinuous reception (DRX) -off durations and / or DRX-on durations deactivated by a wake-up signal (WUS) .BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communications systems are deployed to provide various telecommunication services, including telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, among others. Wireless communications systems have developed through various generations, including a first-generation analog wireless phone service (1G) , a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service (including interim 2.5G networks) , a third-generation (3G) high speed data, Internet-capable wireless service, a fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , WiMax) , and a fifth-generation (5G) service (e.g., New Radio (NR) ) . There are presently many different types of wireless communications systems in use, including cellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular Analog Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) , and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) , etc.SUMMARY
[0003] The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not be considered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to identify key or critical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following summary has the sole purpose to present certain concepts relating to one or more aspects relating to the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form to precede the detailed description presented below.
[0004] In some cases, beam prediction performed by a UE may be associated with a beam measurement periodicity or measurement cycle, where the UE obtains one or more beam measurements used to perform the beam prediction. Various power-saving modes and / or power-saving configurations that are also implemented by the UE may interfere with the beam prediction operations of the UE. For example, a UE being transitioned from a non-discontinuous reception (DRX) mode to a DRX mode may experience interruptions to the time-series beam measurement inputs that are expected or required by various artificial intelligence (AI) and / or machine learning (ML) models implemented and used by the UE to perform the beam prediction. For example, the DRX mode or DRX configuration for the UE may have a DRX periodicity that is different from the measurement cycle or measurement periodicity associated with the UE beam measurement and beam prediction operations. In some cases, where the UE utilizes an AI / ML beam prediction model requiring as input time-series beam measurement data with a measurement cycle (e.g., measurement periodicity) that is shorter than the newly configured DRX periodicity, the UE is unable to obtain all of the expected input time-series beam measurement data without operating outside of the DRX-on duration. When a UE is configured with DRX mode operation, the UE may only be able to measure and report its prediction results during DRX-on cycles (e.g., during the DRX-on duration of each respective DRX-on cycle) . The use of a DRX mode and / or DRX configuration by a UE that is also configured to perform beam prediction (e.g., using one or more AI / ML beam prediction models, etc. ) can be associated with unreliable beam prediction performance, increased latency or delayed beam prediction reporting, decreased accuracy corresponding to a portion of the expected time-series input measurements that are outside of the configured DRX-on duration or Active time, etc. There is a need for systems and techniques that can be used to prevent the interruption of UE-side beam prediction by various power saving modes implemented at the UE. There is a further need to prevent the interruption of UE-side beam prediction by DRX modes and / or DRX configurations implemented at, by, or for the UE. For example, there is a need for systems and techniques that can be used to provide adaptations of the UE-side beam prediction, where the adaptation is based on the particular DRX configuration and / or WUS configuration associated with the UE. There is an additional need for systems and techniques that be used to dynamically adapt or configure measurement and / or reporting operations associated with beam prediction performed by a UE using various AI / ML models, where the measurement and / or reporting operations are configured or adapted based on one or more of the particular power saving mode configured for the UE (e.g., DRX mode on, DRX mode off, DRX mode on with WUS, DRX mode on without WUS, etc. ) or parameters thereof.
[0005] Systems, apparatuses, processes (also referred to as methods) , and computer-readable media (collectively referred to as “systems and techniques” ) are described herein that can be used to prevent the interruption of beam prediction by a UE, based on various power saving modes configured for the UE. As used herein, beam prediction performed by a UE may also be referred to as UE-side beam prediction and / or UE beam prediction. In some aspects, the systems and techniques can prevent interruption to UE-side beam prediction based on providing beam prediction configuration information corresponding to a changed discontinuous reception (DRX) mode for the UE, a changed DRX configuration for the UE, and / or a changed DRX parameter for the UE, etc. The DRX change for the UE may correspond to various power-saving modes implemented by and / or associated with the UE. For example, the power-saving mode of the UE can correspond to a DRX mode or DRX configuration indicative of a DRX on-duration or Active time for one or more DRX cycles. The power-saving mode of the UE can correspond to a DRX mode without the use of a wake-up signal (WUS) configured and / or can correspond to a DRX mode with the use of a WUS configured to activate or deactivate an upcoming DRX on-duration of a DRX cycle for the UE. In some examples, the UE may initially be configured to perform beam prediction based on respective measurement information obtained for a plurality of measurement resource occasions. In some cases, the measurement resource occasions can correspond to a plurality of Set-B beams that the UE is configured to measure with a particular periodicity (e.g., measurement periodicity or measurement cycle) when a DRX mode is not active or used for the UE. In one illustrative example, an updated DRX configuration for the UE can cause the UE to transition from a non-DRX mode (e.g., DRX operations are not performed by the UE) to a DRX mode (e.g., DRX operations are performed by the UE. The UE may be unable to continue receiving and / or measuring each measurement resource occasion of the plurality of measurement resource occasions while being active only during (e.g., within) the DRX-on durations of the DRX mode newly enabled for the UE.
[0006] In some aspects, the systems and techniques can be used to implement an updated beam prediction configuration for the UE, where the updated beam prediction configuration indicates whether the UE will measure one or more of the Set-B beams during the DRX-off durations. In some cases, the UE can be configured to continue measuring at least a portion of the measurement resource occasions (e.g., the Set-B beams, etc. ) during DRX-off durations, based on an expected time-series of input data associated with a beam prediction AI / ML model implemented by the UE. In some examples, the measurement resource occasions for the UE-side beam prediction can be Set-B beams, including Channel State Information (CSI) -Reference Signal (CSI-RS) -based Set-B beams. Based on an updated beam prediction configuration indicating that the UE will continue to measure one or more measurement resource occasions outside of the DRX-on duration (e.g., during a DRX-off duration and / or DRX Inactive time of a DRX cycle) , a network entity (e.g., base station, gNB, etc. ) may be configured to guarantee the transmission of the corresponding CSI-RSs for the UE-side beam measurement and prediction outside of the DRX-on duration. In some examples, a UE can initially be configured with a DRX mode associated with a plurality of DRX cycles. The UE may receive information indicative of an updated DRX configuration for the UE, where the updated DRX configuration indicates that WUS are configured for the DRX operations of the UE. Based on receiving a WUS comprising a negative wake-up indication, the UE may be configured to skip the DRX-on duration of the upcoming DRX cycle (e.g., the upcoming DRX cycle has a deactivated DRX-on duration, based on the UE receiving a negative wake-up indication WUS for the upcoming DRX cycle) . In some aspects, the systems and techniques can be used to implement an updated beam prediction configuration for the UE-side beam prediction, where the updated beam prediction configuration indicates if the UE will continue to measure one or more Set-B beams during DRX-on durations that are deactivated by a corresponding WUS comprising a negative wake-up indication (e.g., indicates if the UE will continue to measure and determine beam measurement information for one or more measurement resource occasions that are within a DRX-on duration that was deactivated by a WUS) .
[0007] According to at least one illustrative example, a method for wireless communication by a UE is provided, the method including: receiving information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for the UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; obtaining updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; obtaining one or more beam measurements using the updated beam prediction configuration information; and transmitting one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0008] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communications is provided. The apparatus includes at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receive information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for the UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; obtain updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; obtain one or more beam measurements using the updated beam prediction configuration information; and transmit one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0009] In another example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided that includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: receive information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for the UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; obtain updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; obtain one or more beam measurements using the updated beam prediction configuration information; and transmit one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0010] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communications is provided. The apparatus includes: means for receiving information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for the UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; means for obtaining updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; means for obtaining one or more beam measurements using the updated beam prediction configuration information; and means for transmitting one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0011] According to at least one illustrative example, a method for wireless communication by a network entity is provided, the method including: transmitting information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for a UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; obtaining updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to UE-side beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; and receiving one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0012] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communications is provided. The apparatus includes at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: transmit information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for a UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; obtain updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to UE-side beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; and receive one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0013] In another example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided that includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: transmit information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for a UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; obtain updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to UE-side beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; and receive one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0014] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communications is provided. The apparatus includes: means for transmitting information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for a UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; means for obtaining updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to UE-side beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; and means for receiving one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0015] Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
[0016] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.
[0017] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices) . Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers) . It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.
[0018] Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings, and each claim.
[0019] The foregoing, together with other features and aspects, will become more apparent upon referring to the following specification, claims, and accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description of various aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely for illustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof.
[0021] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with some examples;
[0022] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a design of a base station and a User Equipment (UE) device that enable transmission and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station, in accordance with some examples;
[0023] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a disaggregated base station, in accordance with some examples;
[0024] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating components of a user equipment (UE) , in accordance with some examples;
[0025] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network, in accordance with some examples;
[0026] FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of discontinuous reception (DRX) cycles including a DRX on-duration and a wake-up signal (WUS) monitoring occasion outside of the DRX on-duration, in accordance with some examples;
[0027] FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example downlink control information (DCI) format 2_6 that can include one or more wake-up indication bits, in accordance with some examples;
[0028] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE signaling associated with WUS monitoring associated with one or more DRX cycles, in accordance with some examples;
[0029] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of signaling between a base station and one or more UEs associated with Channel State Information (CSI) measurement and reporting when WUS is configured, in accordance with some examples;
[0030] FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating an example of beam measurement occasions associated with UE beam prediction operations using various DRX and / or WUS configurations, in accordance with some examples;
[0031] FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an example of a mapping between respective machine learning (ML) and / or artificial intelligence (AI) models or functionalities and respective conditions or parameters for implementing the respective ML / AI model, in accordance with some examples;
[0032] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of beam measurement configurations for measurement and / or reporting associated with beam prediction performed by a UE, based on a DRX mode and / or WUS signaling associated with the UE, in accordance with some examples;
[0033] FIG. 11 is a signaling diagram corresponding to a process of wireless communication between a network entity and a UE, in accordance with some examples;
[0034] FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating example processes for wireless communication by a UE, in accordance with some examples;
[0035] FIG. 13 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process for wireless communication by a network entity, in accordance with some examples;
[0036] FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a deep learning (DL) machine learning network, in accordance with some examples;
[0037] FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a convolutional neural network (CNN) , in accordance with some examples; and
[0038] FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system for implementing certain aspects described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] Certain aspects of this disclosure are provided below for illustration purposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure. Some of the aspects described herein may be applied independently and some of them may be applied in combination as would be apparent to those of skill in the art. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of aspects of the application. However, it will be apparent that various aspects may be practiced without these specific details. The figures and description are not intended to be restrictive.
[0040] The ensuing description provides example aspects only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the example aspects will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an example aspect. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the scope of the application as set forth in the appended claims.
[0041] Wireless communication networks can be deployed to provide various communication services, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, any combination thereof, or other communication services. A wireless communication network may support both access links and sidelinks for communication between wireless devices. An access link may refer to any communication link between a client device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a station (STA) , or other client device) and a base station (e.g., a 3GPP gNB for 5G / NR, a 3GPP eNB for 4G / LTE, a Wi-Fi access point (AP) , or other base station) . For example, an access link may support uplink signaling, downlink signaling, connection procedures, etc. An example of an access link is a Uu link or interface (also referred to as an NR-Uu) between a 3GPP gNB and a UE.
[0042] To reduce power consumption, a user equipment (UE) may be configured for discontinuous reception (DRX) . When operating in a DRX mode (e.g., performing wireless communications using a DRX configuration) , a UE may implement a plurality of DRX cycles that can be broadly divided into “Active” time durations and “non-Active” time durations. For example, a UE may wake up to monitor for downlink scheduling information during a periodic DRX-enabled state (e.g., corresponding to the Active time durations) and may enter a sleep or idle mode outside of the periodic DRX-enabled state (e.g., corresponding to the non-Active time durations) . In some examples, the use of DRX mode can impact latency-sensitive communications and / or wireless communication devices associated with relatively tight (e.g., relatively small) delay budgets. For instance, the use of DRX mode can impact XR device performance because data is not typically received during non-Active time durations.
[0043] The energy efficiency of wireless communication between client devices (e.g., UEs, etc. ) and base stations (e.g., gNBs, etc. ) can vary based on factors such as a power consumption associated with transmitting wireless signals and a power consumption associated with receiving wireless signals. For example, a UE power consumption can include the power consumption associated with the UE actively transmitting wireless signals (e.g., to a base station or gNB) and the power consumption associated with the UE actively receiving wireless signals (e.g., from a base station or gNB) . In addition to the power consumption associated with actively transmitting or receiving, a UE additionally consumes power while in an active or ‘On’ state where the UE is configured to be continuously ready to transmit or receive data. For instance, a UE consumes power while waiting to receive data from a base station or gNB, even when no data is being transmitted by the base station or gNB. The UE remains continuously awake in order to decode downlink data, as the data in the downlink may arrive at any time. The UE may monitor a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in every subframe to check whether a PDCCH is available scheduling or otherwise indicating downlink data for the UE. Continuously monitoring PDCCH for possible downlink (DL) and / or uplink (UL) data, the UE may consume a large portion of the available power at the UE (e.g., a large portion of the available battery power at the UE) .
[0044] In some cases, power saving techniques can be implemented for client devices, for base stations, and / or for a combination of the two. Some power saving techniques are based on managing the energy efficiency or energy consumption of various periodic communications between UEs and base stations. For example, a user equipment (UE) may be configured for discontinuous reception (DRX) . When operating in a DRX mode (e.g., performing wireless communications using a DRX configuration) , a UE may implement a plurality of DRX cycles that can be broadly divided into “Active” time durations and “non-Active” time durations. For example, a UE may wake up to monitor for downlink data (e.g., downlink scheduling information, etc. ) during a periodic DRX-enabled state (e.g., corresponding to the Active time durations) and may enter a sleep or idle mode outside of the periodic DRX-enabled state (e.g., corresponding to the non-Active time durations) . Discontinuous transmission (DTX) can be used to configure periodic transmission of uplink signals by a UE (e.g., during a periodic DTX-enabled state) , where the UE enters the low-power sleep or idle mode outside of the periodic DTX-enabled state (e.g., during a DTX-disabled state) .
[0045] In some cases, DRX implemented by a UE can also be referred to as connected mode DRX (CDRX) , and may be used to improve UE power consumption based on the UE periodically entering a sleep state for an off-duration (e.g., a “DRX-off duration” ) during which the UE does not monitor PDCCH. To monitor PDCCH for possible downlink / uplink data, the UE can be configured to wake up periodically and remain in an awake state for an on-duration (e.g., a “DRX-on duration” ) . A UE may measure and / or receive one or more downlink transmissions during a DRX-on state (e.g., the Active time duration of the DRX cycle for the UE) . A UE may also transmit one or more uplink transmissions during a DRX-on state. For example, a UE may transmit periodic channel state information (CSI) or sounding reference signals (SRS) (e.g., among various other signals and / or transmissions) , which may cause a base station to assign resources to monitor for CSI or SRS transmissions from the UE. In some examples, the network may configure the UE to receive CSI reference signals (CSI-RS) and / or to transmit a CSI report corresponding to the CSI-RS either within a DRX active time (e.g., DRX on-duration) or outside of the DRX active time. This type of configuration can be power consuming for the UE, as the CSI measurement and reporting configuration from the network may take priority over the UE implementation of DRX on-and off-durations.
[0046] A UE configured with DRX mode operation may additionally be configured to monitor for a wake-up signal (WUS) outside of a DRX Active time. For example, a UE configured with DRX mode operation may additionally be configured to monitor a WUS outside of the DRX-on duration (e.g., within a DRX-off duration) . A set of WUS monitoring occasions can be associated with each DRX cycle (e.g., where each DRX cycle includes a DRX-on duration and a DRX-off duration) . A WUS may indicate whether the UE’s Media Access Control (MAC) entity should start the DRX-on duration timer for the next (e.g., upcoming) DRX cycle. For example, a WUS may provide a positive wake-up indication, signaling that the UE should wake up and start the DRX on-duration timer for the next DRX cycle. In some cases, a WUS may provide a negative wake-up indication, signaling that the UE should not start the DRX-on duration timer for the next DRX cycle. In some cases, not starting the DRX-on duration timer for the next DRX cycle can correspond to the UE skipping the DRX-on duration of the next DRX cycle. The WUS can be a PDCCH given by a Downlink Control Information (DCI) format 2_6 with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by PS-RNTI (radio network temporary identifier) .
[0047] In some examples, when a DRX mode is configured for a UE, the UE is not required to perform radio resource measurement (RRM) operations outside of the DRX Active time (e.g., the DRX-on duration) . In some cases, if the DRX cycle is longer than a configured value (e.g., such as 80ms, etc. ) , the UE may be configured to not expect CSI-RS resources for mobility to be available other than during the Active time or DRX-on duration of a DRX cycle. A UE may be configured to perform CSI measurement and reporting, and may further be configured with a DRX mode operation. In some examples, when DRX is configured for a UE, the UE may not be required to measure CSI other than during the DRX Active time (e.g., DRX-on duration) . In some cases, the UE additionally does not report CSI on physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) (e.g., a periodic or semi-periodic CSI report) other than during the DRX Active time.
[0048] In some cases, different WUS configurations may be utilized. For example, in some cases, a UE can be configured to perform RRM measurement during the configured on-duration outside of the DRX Active time, and CSI-RS resources for mobility may be available during the configured on-duration outside of the DRX Active time. The UE can perform CSI measurement and periodic CSI reporting during the configured on-duration, with higher layer parameters used to enable or disable particular types of the periodic CSI reporting (e.g., enable or disable periodic CSI reporting other than L1-Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP) , enable or disable periodic L1-RSRP reporting for beam management, etc. ) .
[0049] Wireless communications networks can utilize various techniques to perform uplink and downlink transmission between network entities and / or UEs. Transmissions to and / or from different network entities, UEs, cells, etc., can interfere with one or more other transmissions. For instance, an uplink transmission by a first UE can interfere with a downlink reception by a second UE if the uplink transmission and the downlink reception are scheduled to use the same frequency at the same time. In some cases, interference variation can occur when interference changes over time. For instance, the interference associated with the uplink and / or downlink transmissions of a UE and / or other network entity (e.g., base station, gNB, etc. ) can experience interference variation corresponding to changes in the interference between the UE and network entity over time. In some cases, interference variation may reduce the performance of a wireless communication network.
[0050] Beam prediction and / or beam management can be performed to reduce interference between network entities, UEs, network devices, etc. For example, beam prediction and / or beam management operations can include beam prediction in a time domain, beam prediction in a spatial domain, beam selection, beam performance evaluation, beam performance prediction, etc., among various others. In some examples, a UE may support artificial intelligence (AI) and / or machine learning (ML) -based beam prediction. Such a UE may collect data measurements (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements, signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) measurements, channel impulse response (CIR) measurements) for one or more directional beams based on measurements of synchronization system blocks (SSBs) or channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) , for example, via SSB beams (e.g., directional beams via which SSBs are transmitted / received) and / or via CSI-RS beams (e.g., directional beams via which CSI-RSs are transmitted / received) . The UE may train a given AI / ML model / functionality using measurements of a first set of beams (e.g., set-B beams) to predict measurements for a set of future beams (e.g., set-A beams) . A trained AI / ML model / functionality may use measurements of a third set of beams (e.g., set-B beams) to predict measurements for a fourth set of beams (e.g., set-A beams) (e.g., which process may be referred to as beam inference) , which the UE may report in a beam measurement report. The mapping of the beam measurements to inputs of the AI / ML model / functionality may affect the output of the AI / ML model / functionality (e.g., the predicted measurements) . Thus, for accurate use of an AI / ML model / functionality, the UE and network entity (e.g., the gNB) may agree on a mapping and order of channel measurement resources (CMRs) or interference measurement resources (IMRs) to AI / ML model / functionality inputs.
[0051] In some cases, beam prediction performed by a UE can be associated with a beam measurement periodicity or measurement cycle. For example, an AI / ML model implemented and used by the UE to perform beam prediction may utilize time-series inputs obtained by the UE at the particular beam measurement periodicity. Various power-saving modes and / or power-saving configurations that are also implemented by the UE may interfere with the beam prediction operations of the UE. For example, a UE being transitioned from a non-DRX mode to a DRX mode may experience interruptions to the time-series beam measurement inputs that are expected or required by the various AI / ML models implemented and used by the UE to perform the beam prediction. For example, the newly enabled DRX mode or DRX configuration for the UE may have a DRX periodicity that is different from the measurement cycle or measurement periodicity associated with the UE beam measurement and beam prediction operations. In some cases, where the UE utilizes an AI / ML beam prediction model requiring as input time-series beam measurement data with a measurement cycle (e.g., measurement periodicity) that is shorter than the newly configured DRX periodicity, the UE is unable to obtain all of the expected input time-series beam measurement data without operating outside of the DRX-on duration.
[0052] When a UE is configured with DRX mode operation, the UE may only be able to measure and report its prediction results during DRX-on cycles (e.g., during the DRX-on duration of each respective DRX-on cycle) . The use of a DRX mode and / or DRX configuration by a UE that is also configured to perform beam prediction (e.g., using one or more AI / ML beam prediction models, etc. ) can be associated with unreliable beam prediction performance, increased latency or delayed beam prediction reporting, decreased accuracy corresponding to a portion of the expected time-series input measurements that are outside of the configured DRX-on duration or Active time, etc.
[0053] There is a need for systems and techniques that can be used to prevent the interruption of UE-side beam prediction by various power saving modes implemented at the UE. There is a further need to prevent the interruption of UE-side beam prediction by DRX modes and / or DRX configurations implemented at, by, or for the UE. For example, there is a need for systems and techniques that can be used to provide adaptations of the UE-side beam prediction, where the adaptation is based on the particular DRX configuration and / or WUS configuration associated with the UE. There is an additional need for systems and techniques that be used to dynamically adapt or configure measurement and / or reporting operations associated with beam prediction performed by a UE using various AI / ML models, where the measurement and / or reporting operations are configured or adapted based on one or more of the particular power saving mode configured for the UE (e.g., DRX mode on, DRX mode off, DRX mode on with WUS, DRX mode on without WUS, etc. ) or parameters thereof.
[0054] Systems, apparatuses, processes (also referred to as methods) , and computer-readable media (collectively referred to as “systems and techniques” ) are described herein that can be used to prevent the interruption of beam prediction by a UE, based on various power saving modes configured for the UE. As used herein, beam prediction performed by a UE may also be referred to as UE-side beam prediction and / or UE beam prediction. In some aspects, the systems and techniques can prevent interruption to UE-side beam prediction based on providing beam prediction configuration information corresponding to a changed discontinuous reception (DRX) mode for the UE, a changed DRX configuration for the UE, and / or a changed DRX parameter for the UE, etc. The DRX change for the UE may correspond to various power-saving modes implemented by and / or associated with the UE. For example, the power-saving mode of the UE can correspond to a DRX mode or DRX configuration indicative of a DRX on-duration or Active time for one or more DRX cycles. The power-saving mode of the UE can correspond to a DRX mode without the use of a wake-up signal (WUS) configured and / or can correspond to a DRX mode with the use of a WUS configured to activate or deactivate an upcoming DRX on-duration of a DRX cycle for the UE.
[0055] In some examples, the UE may initially be configured to perform beam prediction based on respective measurement information obtained for a plurality of measurement resource occasions. In some cases, the measurement resource occasions can correspond to a plurality of Set-B beams that the UE is configured to measure with a particular periodicity (e.g., measurement periodicity or measurement cycle) when a DRX mode is not active or used for the UE. In one illustrative example, an updated DRX configuration for the UE can cause the UE to transition from a non-DRX mode (e.g., DRX operations are not performed by the UE) to a DRX mode (e.g., DRX operations are performed by the UE. The UE may be unable to continue receiving and / or measuring each measurement resource occasion of the plurality of measurement resource occasions while being active only during (e.g., within) the DRX-on durations of the DRX mode newly enabled for the UE.
[0056] In some aspects, the systems and techniques can be used to implement an updated beam prediction configuration for the UE, where the updated beam prediction configuration indicates whether the UE will measure one or more of the Set-B beams during the DRX-off durations. In some cases, the UE can be configured to continue measuring at least a portion of the measurement resource occasions (e.g., the Set-B beams, etc. ) during DRX-off durations, based on an expected time-series of input data associated with a beam prediction AI / ML model implemented by the UE. In some examples, the measurement resource occasions for the UE-side beam prediction can be Set-B beams, including Channel State Information (CSI) -Reference Signal (CSI-RS) -based Set-B beams. Based on an updated beam prediction configuration indicating that the UE will continue to measure one or more measurement resource occasions outside of the DRX-on duration (e.g., during a DRX-off duration and / or DRX Inactive time of a DRX cycle) , a network entity (e.g., base station, gNB, etc. ) may be configured to guarantee the transmission of the corresponding CSI-RSs for the UE-side beam measurement and prediction outside of the DRX-on duration.
[0057] In some examples, a UE can initially be configured with a DRX mode associated with a plurality of DRX cycles. The UE may receive information indicative of an updated DRX configuration for the UE, where the updated DRX configuration indicates that WUS are configured for the DRX operations of the UE. Based on receiving a WUS comprising a negative wake-up indication, the UE may be configured to skip the DRX-on duration of the upcoming DRX cycle (e.g., the upcoming DRX cycle has a deactivated DRX-on duration, based on the UE receiving a negative wake-up indication WUS for the upcoming DRX cycle) .
[0058] In one illustrative example, the systems and techniques can be used to implement an updated beam prediction configuration for the UE-side beam prediction, where the updated beam prediction configuration indicates if the UE will continue to measure one or more Set-B beams during DRX-on durations that are deactivated by a corresponding WUS comprising a negative wake-up indication (e.g., indicates if the UE will continue to measure and determine beam measurement information for one or more measurement resource occasions that are within a DRX-on duration that was deactivated by a WUS) .
[0059] Further aspects of the systems and techniques will be described with respect to the figures.
[0060] As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.
[0061] As used herein, the terms “user equipment” (UE) and “network entity” are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT) , unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, and / or tracking device, etc. ) , wearable (e.g., smartwatch, smart-glasses, wearable ring, and / or an extended reality (XR) device such as a virtual reality (VR) headset, an augmented reality (AR) headset or glasses, or a mixed reality (MR) headset) , vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc. ) , aircraft (e.g., an airplane, jet, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drone, helicopter, airship, glider, etc. ) , and / or Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc., used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN) . As used herein, the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT, ” a “client device, ” a “wireless device, ” a “subscriber device, ” a “subscriber terminal, ” a “subscriber station, ” a “user terminal” or “UT, ” a “mobile device, ” a “mobile terminal, ” a “mobile station, ” or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11 communication standards, etc. ) , and so on.
[0062] A network entity can be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC. A base station (e.g., with an aggregated / monolithic base station architecture or disaggregated base station architecture) may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP) , a network node, a NodeB (NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNB) , a next generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB) , etc. A base station may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide edge node signaling functions while in other systems it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. A communication link through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc. ) . A communication link through which the base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, or a forward traffic channel, etc. ) . The term traffic channel (TCH) , as used herein, can refer to either an uplink, reverse or downlink, and / or a forward traffic channel.
[0063] The term “network entity” or “base station” (e.g., with an aggregated / monolithic base station architecture or disaggregated base station architecture) may refer to a single physical transmit receive point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term “network entity” or “base station” refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term “network entity” or “base station” refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming) of the base station. Where the term “base station” refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (e.g., a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (e.g., a remote base station connected to a serving base station) . Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals (e.g., or simply “reference signals” ) the UE is measuring. Because a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, as used herein, references to transmission from or reception at a base station are to be understood as referring to a particular TRP of the base station.
[0064] In some implementations that support positioning of UEs, a network entity or base station may not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for UEs) , but may instead transmit reference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and / or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UEs. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to UEs) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from UEs) .
[0065] As described herein, a node (which may be referred to as a node, a network node, a network entity, or a wireless node) may include, be, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein) , a UE (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU) , a central unit (CU) , a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU) ) , and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network node may be a UE. As another example, a network node may be a base station or network entity. As another example, a first network node may be configured to communicate with a second network node or a third network node. In one aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network node. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node) , the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node, the first network node may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and the second network node may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like.
[0066] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network node may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network node. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network node is configured to transmit information to the second network node includes disclosure that the first network node is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network node. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network node is configured to transmit information to the second network node includes disclosure that the second network node is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network node.
[0067] An RF signal comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, the receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where it is clear from the context that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.
[0068] Various aspects of the systems and techniques described herein will be discussed below with respect to the figures. According to various aspects, FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100. The wireless communications system 100 (e.g., which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN) ) can include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. In some aspects, the base stations 102 may also be referred to as “network entities” or “network nodes. ” One or more of the base stations 102 can be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more of the base stations 102 can be implemented in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC. The base stations 102 can include macro cell base stations (e.g., high power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (e.g., low power cellular base stations) . In an aspect, the macro cell base station may include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a long-term evolution (LTE) network, or gNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.
[0069] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC) ) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (e.g., which may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170) . In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may perform functions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity) , inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) , subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM) , paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC or 5GC) over backhaul links 134, which may be wired and / or wireless.
[0070] The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cells may be supported by a base station 102 in each coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like) , and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI) , a virtual cell identifier (VCI) , a cell global identifier (CGI) ) for distinguishing cells operating via the same or a different carrier frequency. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC) , narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , or others) that may provide access for different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” may refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context. In addition, because a TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” may be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector) , insofar as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.
[0071] While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas 110 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region) , some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by a larger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) .
[0072] The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (e.g., also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and / or downlink (e.g., also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links 120 may be provided using one or more carrier frequencies. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., a greater or lesser quantity of carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink) .
[0073] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., one or more of the base stations 102, UEs 104, etc. ) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be implemented based on combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0074] A transmitting device and / or a receiving device (e.g., such as one or more of base stations 102 and / or UEs 104) may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beam forming operations. For example, a base station 102 (e.g., or other transmitting device) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 104 (e.g., or other receiving device) . Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by base station 102 (or other transmitting device) multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station 102 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a base station 102, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 104) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station 102.
[0075] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station 102 in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE 104) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 104 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station 102 in different directions and may report to the base station 104 an indication of the signal that the UE 104 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0076] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a base station 102 or a UE 104) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a base station 102 to a UE 104, from a transmitting device to a receiving device, etc. ) . The UE 104 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The base station 102 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) , etc. ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 104 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station 102, a UE 104 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 104) or for transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0077] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 104) may try multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from the base station 102, such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0078] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a WLAN AP 150 in communication with WLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 Gigahertz (GHz) ) . When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the WLAN STAs 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 can include devices (e.g., UEs, etc. ) that communicate with one or more UEs 104, base stations 102, APs 150, etc., utilizing the ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum. The UWB spectrum can range from 3.1 to 10.5 GHz.
[0079] The small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and / or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102', employing LTE and / or 5G in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and / or increase capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA) , or MulteFire.
[0080] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182. The mmW base station 180 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture (e.g., including one or more of a CU, a DU, a RU, a Near-RT RIC, or a Non-RT RIC) . Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW and / or near mmW radio frequency band have high path loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (e.g., transmit and / or receive) over an mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed to limit the various aspects disclosed herein.
[0081] In some aspects relating to 5G, the frequency spectrum in which wireless network nodes or entities (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UEs 104 / 182) operate is divided into multiple frequency ranges, FR1 (e.g., from 450 to 6,000 Megahertz (MHz) ) , FR2 (e.g., from 24,250 to 52,600 MHz) , FR3 (e.g., above 52,600 MHz) , and FR4 (e.g., between FR1 and FR2) . In a multi-carrier system, such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “PCell, ” and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or “SCells. ” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and may be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case) . A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier, since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplink primary carriers. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (e.g., whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency and / or component carrier over which some base station is communicating, the term “cell, ” “serving cell, ” “component carrier, ” “carrier frequency, ” and the like can be used interchangeably.
[0082] For example, still referring to FIG. 1, one of the frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or “PCell” ) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ( “SCells” ) . In carrier aggregation, the base stations 102 and / or the UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100 MHz) bandwidth per carrier up to a total of Yx MHz (e.g., x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. The component carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other on the frequency spectrum. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., a greater or lesser quantity of carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink) . The simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to a two-fold increase in data rate (e.g., 40 MHz) , compared to that attained by a single 20 MHz carrier.
[0083] In order to operate on multiple carrier frequencies, a base station 102 and / or a UE 104 can be equipped with multiple receivers and / or transmitters. For example, a UE 104 may have two receivers, “Receiver 1” and “Receiver 2, ” where “Receiver 1” is a multi-band receiver that can be tuned to band (e.g., carrier frequency) ‘X’ or band ‘Y, ’ and “Receiver 2” is a one-band receiver tunable to band ‘Z’ only. In this example, if the UE 104 is being served in band ‘X, ’ band ‘X’ would be referred to as the PCell or the active carrier frequency, and “Receiver 1” would need to tune from band ‘X’ to band ‘Y’ (e.g., an SCell) in order to measure band ‘Y’ (and vice versa) . In contrast, whether the UE 104 is being served in band ‘X’ or band ‘Y, ’ because of the separate “Receiver 2, ” the UE 104 can measure band ‘Z’ without interrupting the service on band ‘X’ or band ‘Y. ’
[0084] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communication link 120 and / or the mmW base station 180 over an mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.
[0085] The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (e.g., referred to as “sidelinks” ) . In the example of FIG. 1, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity) . In an example, the D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported with any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D) , Wi-Fi Direct (Wi-Fi-D) , and so on.
[0086] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example architecture 200 of a base station 102 and a UE 104 that enables transmission and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. Example architecture 200 includes components of a base station 102 and a UE 104, which may be one of the base stations 102 and one of the UEs 104 illustrated in FIG. 1. Base station 102 may be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t, and UE 104 may be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general T≥1 and R≥1.
[0087] At base station 102, a transmit processor 220 may receive data from a data source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based on channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based on the MCS (s) selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) and / or the like) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, and / or the like) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., the cell-specific reference signal (CRS) ) and synchronization signals (e.g., the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) . A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a through 232t. The modulators 232a through 232t are shown as a combined modulator-demodulator (MOD-DEMOD) . In some cases, the modulators and demodulators can be separate components. Each modulator of the modulators 232a to 232t may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and / or the like) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator of the modulators 232a to 232t may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signals may be transmitted from modulators 232a to 232t via T antennas 234a through 234t, respectively. According to certain aspects described in more detail below, the synchronization signals can be generated with location encoding to convey additional information.
[0088] At UE 104, antennas 252a through 252r may receive the downlink signals from base station 102 and / or other base stations and may provide received signals to one or more demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively. The demodulators 254a through 254r are shown as a combined modulator-demodulator (MOD-DEMOD) . In some cases, the modulators and demodulators can be separate components. Each demodulator of the demodulators 254a through 254r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator of the demodulators 254a through 254r may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM and / or the like) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 104 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. A channel processor may determine reference signal received power (RSRP) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , channel quality indicator (CQI) , and / or the like.
[0089] On the uplink, at UE 104, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports comprising RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, and / or the like) from controller / processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals (e.g., based on a beta value or a set of beta values associated with the one or more reference signals) . The symbols from transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX-MIMO processor 266, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, and / or the like) , and transmitted to base station 102. At base station 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 and other UEs may be received by antennas 234a through 234t, processed by demodulators 232a through 232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 (e.g., if applicable) , and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller (e.g., processor) 240. Base station 102 may include communication unit 244 and communicate to a network controller 231 via communication unit 244. Network controller 231 may include communication unit 294, controller / processor 290, and memory 292.
[0090] In some aspects, one or more components of UE 104 may be included in a housing. Controller 240 of base station 102, controller / processor 280 of UE 104, and / or any other component (s) of FIG. 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with implicit UCI beta value determination for NR.
[0091] Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for the base station 102 and the UE 104, respectively. A scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink, uplink, and / or sidelink.
[0092] In some aspects, deployment of communication systems, such as 5G new radio (NR) systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (e.g., such as a Node B (NB) , evolved NB (eNB) , NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP) , a transmit receive point (TRP) , or a cell, etc. ) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (e.g., also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.
[0093] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (e.g., such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) . In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, e.g., a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) .
[0094] Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (e.g., such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (e.g., vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) . Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
[0095] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station 300 architecture. The disaggregated base station 300 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated base station units (e.g., such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 325 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 305, or both) . A CU 310 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 330 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 330 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 340 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 340 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0096] Each of the units (e.g., the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, as well as the Near-RT RICs 325, the Non-RT RICs 315, and the SMO Framework 305) illustrated in FIG. 3 and / or described herein may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (e.g., collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (e.g., such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0097] In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0098] The DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (e.g., such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 330 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 310.
[0099] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 340. In some deployments, an RU 340, controlled by a DU 330, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (e.g., such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random-access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 340 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0100] The SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (e.g., such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (e.g., such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 390) to perform network element life cycle management (e.g., such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (e.g., such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 310, DUs 330, RUs 340, and Near-RT RICs 325. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 305 also may include a Non-RT RIC 315 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 305.
[0101] The Non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 325. The Non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or communicate with (e.g., such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 325. The Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (e.g., such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 325.
[0102] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 325, the Non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 325 and may be received at the SMO Framework 305 or the Non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 315 or the Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 305 (e.g., such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (e.g., such as A1 policies) .
[0103] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a computing system 470 of a wireless device 407. The wireless device 407 may include a client device such as a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 152, UE 190) or other type of device (e.g., a station (STA) configured to communication using a Wi-Fi interface) that may be used by an end-user. For example, the wireless device 407 may include a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, tracking device, wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, glasses, an extended reality (XR) device such as a virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , or mixed reality (MR) device, etc. ) , Internet of Things (IoT) device, a vehicle, an aircraft, and / or another device that is configured to communicate over a wireless communications network. The computing system 470 includes software and hardware components that may be electrically or communicatively coupled via a bus 489 (e.g., or may otherwise be in communication, as appropriate) . For example, the computing system 470 includes one or more processors 484. The one or more processors 484 may include one or more CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, APs, GPUs, VPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, dedicated hardware, any combination thereof, and / or other processing device or system. The bus 489 may be used by the one or more processors 484 to communicate between cores and / or with the one or more memory devices 486.
[0104] The computing system 470 may also include one or more memory devices 486, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) 482, one or more SIMs 474, one or more modems 476, one or more wireless transceivers 478, an antenna 487, one or more input devices 472 (e.g., a camera, a mouse, a keyboard, a touch sensitive screen, a touch pad, a keypad, a microphone, and / or the like) , and one or more output devices 480 (e.g., a display, a speaker, a printer, and / or the like) .
[0105] In some aspects, computing system 470 may include one or more radio frequency (RF) interfaces configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In some examples, an RF interface may include components such as modem (s) 476, wireless transceiver (s) 478, and / or antennas 487. The one or more wireless transceivers 478 may transmit and receive wireless signals (e.g., signal 488) via antenna 487 from one or more other devices, such as other wireless devices, network devices (e.g., base stations such as eNBs and / or gNBs, Wi-Fi access points (APs) such as routers, range extenders or the like, etc. ) , cloud networks, and / or the like. In some examples, the computing system 470 may include multiple antennas or an antenna array that may facilitate simultaneous transmit and receive functionality. Antenna 487 may be an omnidirectional antenna such that radio frequency (RF) signals may be received from and transmitted in all directions. The wireless signal 488 may be transmitted via a wireless network. The wireless network may be any wireless network, such as a cellular or telecommunications network (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc. ) , wireless local area network (e.g., a Wi-Fi network) , a BluetoothTM network, and / or other network.
[0106] In some examples, the wireless signal 488 may be transmitted directly to other wireless devices using sidelink communications (e.g., using a PC5 interface, using a DSRC interface, etc. ) . Wireless transceivers 478 may be configured to transmit RF signals for performing sidelink communications via antenna 487 in accordance with one or more transmit power parameters that may be associated with one or more regulation modes. Wireless transceivers 478 may also be configured to receive sidelink communication signals having different signal parameters from other wireless devices.
[0107] In some examples, the one or more wireless transceivers 478 may include an RF front end including one or more components, such as an amplifier, a mixer (e.g., also referred to as a signal multiplier) for signal down conversion, a frequency synthesizer (e.g., also referred to as an oscillator) that provides signals to the mixer, a baseband filter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) , one or more power amplifiers, among other components. The RF front-end may generally handle selection and conversion of the wireless signals 488 into a baseband or intermediate frequency and may convert the RF signals to the digital domain.
[0108] In some cases, the computing system 470 may include a coding-decoding device (or CODEC) configured to encode and / or decode data transmitted and / or received using the one or more wireless transceivers 478. In some cases, the computing system 470 may include an encryption-decryption device or component configured to encrypt and / or decrypt data (e.g., according to the AES and / or DES standard) transmitted and / or received by the one or more wireless transceivers 478.
[0109] The one or more SIMs 474 may each securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and related key assigned to the user of the wireless device 407. The IMSI and key may be used to identify and authenticate the subscriber when accessing a network provided by a network service provider or operator associated with the one or more SIMs 474. The one or more modems 476 may modulate one or more signals to encode information for transmission using the one or more wireless transceivers 478. The one or more modems 476 may also demodulate signals received by the one or more wireless transceivers 478 in order to decode the transmitted information. In some examples, the one or more modems 476 may include a Wi-Fi modem, a 4G (or LTE) modem, a 5G (or NR) modem, and / or other types of modems. The one or more modems 476 and the one or more wireless transceivers 478 may be used for communicating data for the one or more SIMs 474.
[0110] The computing system 470 may also include (and / or be in communication with) one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media or storage devices (e.g., one or more memory devices 486) , which may include, without limitation, local and / or network accessible storage, a disk drive, a drive array, an optical storage device, a solid-state storage device such as a RAM and / or a ROM, which may be programmable, flash-updateable, and / or the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any appropriate data storage, including without limitation, various file systems, database structures, and / or the like.
[0111] In various aspects, functions may be stored as one or more computer-program products (e.g., instructions or code) in memory device (s) 486 and executed by the one or more processor (s) 484 and / or the one or more DSPs 482. The computing system 470 may also include software elements (e.g., located within the one or more memory devices 486) , including, for example, an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code, such as one or more application programs, which may comprise computer programs implementing the functions provided by various aspects, and / or may be designed to implement methods and / or configure systems, as described herein.
[0112] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network. In some examples, one or more downlink channels and one or more downlink reference signals may carry information from a base station 102 to a UE 104. One or more uplink channels and one or more uplink reference signals may carry information from UE 104 to base station 102.
[0113] In some aspects, a downlink channel may include one or more of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) that carries downlink control information (DCI) , a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) that carries downlink data, and / or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) that carries system information, among other examples. In some aspects, PDSCH communications may be scheduled by PDCCH communications.
[0114] In some examples, an uplink channel may include one or more of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) that carries uplink control information (UCI) , a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) that carries uplink data, and / or a physical random access channel (PRACH) used for initial network access, among other examples. In some aspects, UE 104 may transmit acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedback (e.g., ACK / NACK feedback or ACK / NACK information) in UCI on the PUCCH and / or the PUSCH.
[0115] In some cases, a downlink reference signal may include one or more of a synchronization signal block (SSB) , a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a positioning reference signal (PRS) , and / or a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , among other examples. In some examples, an uplink reference signal may include one or more of a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a DMRS, and / or a PTRS, among other examples.
[0116] An SSB may carry or include information used for initial network acquisition and synchronization. For example, an SSB can carry or include one or more of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , a PBCH, and / or a PBCH DMRS. An SSB may also be referred to as a synchronization signal / PBCH (SS / PBCH) block. In some aspects, base station 102 may transmit multiple SSBs on multiple corresponding beams, and the SSBs may be used for beam selection.
[0117] A CSI-RS may carry information used for downlink channel estimation (e.g., downlink CSI acquisition) , which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, or beam management, among other examples. For example, base station 102 can configure a set of CSI-RSs for UE 104, and UE 104 can measure the configured set of CSI-RSs. Based on the CSI-RS measurements, UE 104 can perform channel estimation and report channel estimation parameters to base station 102 (e.g., in a CSI report) . For example, the channel estimation parameters can include one or more of a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and / or a reference signal received power (RSRP) , among other examples.
[0118] In some examples, base station 102 can use the CSI report to select transmission parameters for downlink communications to UE 104. For example, base station 102 can use the CSI report to select transmission parameters that include one or more of a quantity of transmission layers (e.g., a rank) , a precoding matrix (e.g., a precoder) , a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , and / or a refined downlink beam (e.g., using a beam refinement procedure or a beam management procedure) , among other examples.
[0119] A DMRS may carry information used to estimate a radio channel for demodulation of an associated physical channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, PUCCH, or PUSCH) . The design and mapping of a DMRS may be specific to a physical channel for which the DMRS is used for estimation. DMRSs are UE-specific, can be beamformed, can be confined in a scheduled resource (e.g., rather than transmitted on a wideband) , and can be transmitted only when necessary. As shown, DMRSs are used for both downlink communications and uplink communications.
[0120] A PTRS can carry information used to compensate for oscillator phase noise. In some cases, oscillator phase noise may increase as an oscillator carrier frequency increases. In some examples, a PTRS can be utilized at high carrier frequencies (e.g., such as millimeter wave frequencies) to mitigate oscillator phase noise. The PTRS may be used to track the phase of the local oscillator and to enable suppression of phase noise and common phase error (CPE) . As illustrated in FIG. 5, in some examples one or more PTRSs can be used for both downlink communications (e.g., on the PDSCH) and uplink communications (e.g., on the PUSCH) .
[0121] A PRS may carry information associated with timing or ranging measurements of UE 104. For example, UE 104 may utilize one or more signals (e.g., PRSs) transmitted by base station 102 to improve an observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning performance. In some examples, a PRS may be a pseudo-random Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) sequence mapped in diagonal patterns with shifts in frequency and time to avoid collision with cell-specific reference signals and control channels (e.g., a PDCCH) . A PRS can be designed to improve detectability by UE 104, which may need to detect downlink signals from multiple neighboring base stations in order to perform OTDOA-based positioning. Accordingly, UE 104 may receive a PRS from multiple cells (e.g., a reference cell and one or more neighbor cells) , and may report a reference signal time difference (RSTD) based on OTDOA measurements associated with the PRSs received from the multiple cells. In some aspects, base station 102 can calculate a position of UE 104 based on the RSTD measurements reported by UE 104.
[0122] In some examples, an SRS can carry information used for uplink channel estimation, which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, precoder selection, and / or beam management, among other examples. Base station 102 can configure one or more SRS resource sets for UE 104, and UE 104 can transmit SRSs on the configured SRS resource sets. An SRS resource set may have a configured usage, such as uplink CSI acquisition, downlink CSI acquisition for reciprocity-based operations, uplink beam management, among other examples. Base station 102 may measure the SRSs, may perform channel estimation based on the measurements, and / or may use the SRS measurements to configure communications with UE 104.
[0123] As noted previously, a UE configured with DRX mode operation may additionally be configured to monitor for a wake-up signal (WUS) outside of a DRX Active time. In some cases, a UE configured with DRX mode operation may additionally be configured to monitor a WUS outside of the DRX-on duration (e.g., within a DRX-off duration) . A WUS monitoring occasion can be associated with each DRX cycle (e.g., where each DRX cycle includes a DRX-on duration and a DRX-off duration) .
[0124] For example, FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of discontinuous reception (DRX) 600, with DRX cycles including a DRX on-duration and a wake-up signal (WUS) monitoring occasion outside of the DRX on-duration. For example, a DRX cycle 630 can include a respective DRX on-duration 635-1 within the DRX cycle 630. The DRX on-duration 635-1 may be activated or deactivated by a corresponding WUS that is outside of the DRX on-duration 635-1 and the DRX cycle 630. For example, the DRX on-duration 635-1 can be activated or deactivated by the corresponding WUS 610-1 (e.g., corresponding to a first WUS monitoring occasion) , which is before (e.g., outside of) both the DRX-on duration 635-1 and the DRX cycle 630. A second WUS 610-2 (e.g., corresponding to a second WUS monitoring occasion) may be within the first DRX cycle 630, and can be indicative of whether the respective DRX-on duration 635-2 of the upcoming DRX cycle (e.g., the next DRX cycle after the DRX cycle 630) is activated or deactivated.
[0125] A WUS may indicate whether the UE’s Media Access Control (MAC) entity should start the DRX-on duration timer for the next (e.g., upcoming) DRX cycle. For example, the WUS 610-1 can indicate whether the UE should start the DRX-on duration 635-1 for DRX cycle 630. The WUS 610-2 can indicate whether the UE should start the DRX-on duration 635-2 for the next DRX cycle following DRX cycle 630, etc. A WUS may provide a positive wake-up indication, signaling that the UE should wake up and start the DRX on-duration timer for the next DRX cycle. In some cases, a WUS may provide a negative wake-up indication, signaling that the UE should not start the DRX-on duration timer for the next DRX cycle. In some cases, not starting the DRX-on duration timer for the next DRX cycle can correspond to the UE skipping the DRX-on duration of the next DRX cycle. In some examples, the WUS may indicate whether the UE’s MAC entity should start the drx-onDurationTimer for the next DRX cycle, without the WUS impacting other timers for the UE (e.g., without impacting bwp-inactivityTimer, dataInactivityTimer, and / or sCellDeactivationTimer, etc. ) . In some examples, a WUS can be a PDCCH given by a Downlink Control Information (DCI) format 2_6 with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by PS-RNTI (radio network temporary identifier) . A WUS can be shared by a group of UEs and may be monitored in common Search Space Set (SSS) sets. In some cases, a WUS can be configured only on a primary cell (PCell) or a primary serving cell (PSCell) . In some cases, a WUS may indicate the dormancy behavior for up to five SCell groups.
[0126] FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example DCI format 2_6 data structure 650 that can be associated with and / or used to implement a WUS (e.g., such as the WUS 610-1 of FIG. 6A, the WUS 610-2 of FIG. 6A, etc. ) . In some aspects, the DCI format 2_6 data structure 650 used to implement a WUS can include a Power Saving-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (PS-RNTI) for cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambling. For example, the DCI format 2_6 data structure 650 of FIG. 6B includes a payload 660 and a CRC PS-RNTI 669 appended to the payload 660 (e.g., a PS-RNTI for CRC scrambling provided as the last field (e.g., right-most field) of the data structure 650) . In some cases, Type3-PDCCH CSS (s) can be used for monitoring DCI format 2_6 with PS-RNTI. More than one Search Space Set may be configured for DCI format 2_6. Associated CORESETs within the Search Space Sets may have different Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) states (e.g., WUS beam sweeping in FR2, etc. ) .
[0127] A payload size of the DCI format 2_6 data structure 650 (e.g., a size of the payload 660) can be based on the number of UE-specific fields 665 that are included in the payload 660. For example, each UE-specific field 665 can include a wake-up indication bit 662 and one or more bits of a content field following the wake-up indication bit 662 of the UE-specific field 665. For example, the one or more content field bits can comprise an SCell dormancy bitmap with a configurable size between 0-5 bits.
[0128] In some examples, the DCI format 2_6 data structure 650 can be used to implement a PDCCH-WUS, which may be shared by a group of UEs. Each respective UE within the group of UEs can be assigned a UE-specific field in the DCI format 2_6 data structure 650 of the PDCCH-WUS (e.g., Field 0 can correspond to a first UE, Field 1 can correspond to a second UE, Field N-1 can correspond to an Nth UE, etc. ) . Up to five SCell groups can be used to provide a dormancy behavior indication outside of an active time (e.g., DRX Active time, or DRX-on duration, etc. ) . SCell groups for dormancy behavior indication during active time (e.g., by scheduling DCI) may be configured separately) . A time offset (e.g., ps_Offset) can be indicative of a time that a respective UE starts locating monitoring occasions for DCI format 2_6 (e.g., a PDCCH-WUS) prior to a slot where a DRX cycle starts. In some aspects, ps_Offset can be selected from the set {0.125ms, 0.250ms, 0.375ms, …, 15ms} .
[0129] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE signaling 700 associated with WUS monitoring for one or more DRX cycles, in accordance with some examples. A WUS monitoring occasion 710 of FIG. 7 may be the same as or similar to the WUS monitoring occasion 610-1 and / or 610-2 of FIG. 6A. In some cases, for each Search Space Set (SSS) set configured for monitoring DCI format 2_6, a UE may monitor PDCCH occasions in the first duration starting at or after ps_Offset and ending before the slot in which the drx-onDurationTimer would start.
[0130] For example, a UE may monitor PDCCH occasions corresponding to the two-slot SS set periodicity of FIG. 7, where a respective WUS monitoring occasion 710 is within each respective two-slot SS set periodicity. The one-slot duration within each respective two-slot SS set periodicity can correspond to a WUS monitoring occasion 710. In the example UE signaling 700 of FIG. 7, three WUS monitoring occasions 710 are shown corresponding to the ps_Offset from the start of the drx-onDurationTimer between slot n+3 and slot n+4 (e.g., the start of the drx-onDurationTimer corresponding to the next or upcoming DRX cycle 730) .
[0131] In some aspects, a minimum time gap (e.g., “time offset” of FIG. 7) can be defined as the time duration before the slot that the drx-onDurationTimer would start, within which the UE is not required to monitor DCI format 2_6. For example, the time offset is a time duration before slot n+4 within which the UE is not required to monitor DCI format 2_6. In some examples, the minimum time gap for the “time offset” of FIG. 7 can be based on UE capability and may be in units of slots (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS) dependent) . In some cases, for each SCS supported by a UE, the UE can be configured to report one value from two candidate values (maximum 3ms) .
[0132] The monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot of FIG. 7 depicts an enlargement of the duration corresponding to slot n, and includes a plurality of monitoring occasions (e.g., a plurality of PDCCH monitoring occasions within a duration, with 1-symbol CORESET) . The monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot can be indicative of the position or specific symbols within each slot that are configured for WUS monitoring. For example, the UE signaling 700 of FIG. 7 includes a representation of monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot =11000001100000, indicating that the first two symbols 712 and the 8th and 9th symbols 714 correspond to the PDCCH WUS monitoring occasions within a duration.
[0133] In some cases, when a UE detects DCI format 2_6 in at least one monitoring occasion (MO) , the UE can be configured to follow the indication in the UE-specific field of the DCI. If the UE monitored WUS MOs without detecting a DCI format 2_6 (e.g., DTX from gNB, misdetection at the UE, etc. ) , a high layer parameter ps-WakeupOrNot may indicate whether or not the UE will start drx-onDurationTimer for the next (e.g., upcoming) DRX cycle. In cases where ps-WakeupOrNot is not provided or configured, the UE can be configured to not start drx-onDurationTimer for the next DRX cycle.
[0134] In some cases, if both Short and Long DRX cycles are configured for a UE, DCI format 2_6 may be monitored only for Long DRX cycles. For DRX Short cycles, legacy DRX operations can be performed (e.g., drx-onDurationTimer may be configured to always be started for DRX Short cycles) . The UE may be configured where the UE is not required to monitor DCI format 2_6 during (e.g., within) the DRX Active time. In some examples, the UE can be configured to always start drx-onDurationTimer for the next (e.g., upcoming) DRX cycle if any of the following conditions are met: the current BWP is not configured to monitor DCI format 2_6, the UE is not required to monitor PDCCH For detection of DCI format 2_6 (e.g., based on overlap with SSBs, other PDCCH occasions with different QCL-TypeD properties, measurement gap, BWP switching delay, etc. ) for all WUS Mos, and / or there are no WUS monitoring occasions for a DRX cycle, etc.
[0135] Based on detecting a DCI format 2_6 on a WUS MO, the UE can be configured to locate a corresponding field for the UE (e.g., a UE-specific field 665 of FIG. 6B) within the DCI. In some aspects, the wake-up indication bit 662 of each UE-specific field 665 can have a value of ‘0’ (e.g., configuring the UE to not start drx-onDurationTimer for the next DRX cycle) or a value of ‘1’ (e.g., configuring the UE to start drx-onDurationTimer for the next DRX cycle. The SCell dormancy bitmap can be a bitmap for SCell dormancy indication. For each activated SCell in the corresponding SCell group, a value of ‘0’ can cause the UE to switch to the dormant BWP (if the current active BWP is a non-dormant BWP) or to continue with the dormant BWP (if the current active BWP is the dormant BWP) . For each activated SCell in the corresponding SCell group, a value of ‘1’ can cause the UE to continue with the same BWP (if the current active BWP is a non-dormant BWP) or to switch to a particular non-dormant BWP configured by RRC (if the current active BWP is the dormant BWP) .
[0136] In some examples, when a DRX mode is configured for a UE, the UE is not required to perform radio resource measurement (RRM) operations outside of the DRX Active time (e.g., the DRX-on duration) . In some cases, if the DRX cycle is longer than a configured value (e.g., such as 80ms, etc. ) , the UE may be configured to not expect CSI-RS resources for mobility to be available other than during the Active time or DRX-on duration of a DRX cycle. A UE may be configured to perform CSI measurement and reporting, and may further be configured with a DRX mode operation. In some examples, when DRX is configured for a UE, the UE may not be required to measure CSI other than during the DRX Active time (e.g., DRX-on duration) . In some cases, the UE additionally does not report CSI on PUCCH (e.g., a periodic or semi-periodic CSI report) other than during the DRX Active time.
[0137] In some examples, when WUS is configured for a UE with DRX operations, if In some examples, when a DRX mode is configured for a UE, the UE is not required to perform radio resource measurement (RRM) operations outside of the DRX Active time (e.g., the DRX-on duration) . In some cases, if the DRX cycle is longer than a configured value (e.g., such as 80ms, etc. ) , the UE may be configured to not expect CSI-RS resources for mobility to be available other than during the Active time or DRX-on duration of a DRX cycle. A UE may be configured to perform CSI measurement and reporting, and may further be configured with a DRX mode operation. In some examples, when DRX is configured for a UE, the UE may not be required to measure CSI other than during the DRX Active time (e.g., DRX-on duration) . In some cases, the UE additionally does not report CSI on physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) (e.g., a periodic or semi-periodic CSI report) other than during the DRX Active time.
[0138] In some cases, when WUS is configured for a UE with DRX operations, if drx-onDurationTimer is not triggered by DCI format 2_6 (e.g., based on a lack of DL traffic, etc. ) , the UE may be kept outside of Active Time for a long duration. The UE is not able to perform RRM measurement outside of Active Time, and mobility performance of the UE may be degraded. When the UE is kept outside of Active Time for a relatively long duration, the UE may not perform CSI measurement and reporting outside Active Time, and the link performance for the UE may be degraded and / or the beam-paired link may fail.
[0139] A DRX configuration for a UE m ay be associated with different time domain states. For example, the time domain states associated with DRX can include a DRX Active Time state, an Outside Active Time state, and a Configured on-duration outside Active Time state.
[0140] The DRX Active Time state can be associated with one or more of drx-onDurationTimer, drx-InactivityTimer, drx-RetransmissionTimerDL / UL, or ra-ContentionResolutionTimer being currently running (e.g., among various others) .
[0141] The Outside Active Time state can be associated with or correspond to a time duration other than the DRX Active Time.
[0142] The Configured on-duration outside Active Time state can correspond to Outside DRX Active Time and / or during the time duration configured for drx-onDurationTimer, when the drx-onDurationTimer is not triggered by DCI format 2_6 (e.g., a negative wake-up indication of a WUS) .
[0143] In some examples, a UE can perform RRM measurement during the Configured on-duration outside Active Time state, and CSI-RS resources for mobility may be available during the Configured on-duration outside Active Time. The UE can perform CSI measurement and periodic CSI reporting during the configured on-duration. A higher layer parameter PS_Periodic_CSI_TransmitOrNot can enable or disable periodic CSI reporting other than L1-RSRP. A higher layer parameter PS_Periodic_L1-RSRP_TransmitOrNot can enable or disable periodic L1-RSRP reporting for BM
[0144] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of signaling 800 between a base station and one or more UEs for CSI measurement and reporting with DRX enabled and WUS configured, in accordance with some examples. For example, the signaling 800 can be performed between a network entity 802 (e.g., base station, gNB, etc. ) , a first UE 804, and a second UE 806. The first UE 804 can be configured with PS_Periodic_CSI_TransmitOrNot = ‘disable’ and the second UE 806 can be configured with PS_Periodic_CSI_TransmitOrNot = ‘enable’ .
[0145] A DRX cycle 830 includes an Active Time 832. Prior to the Active Time 832 and the beginning of the DRX cycle 830, the first UE 804 and the second UE 806 detect a DCI format 2_6 corresponding to or indicative of a WUS for the upcoming DRX cycle 830. For example, the DCI format 2_6 can indicate a WUS with a positive wake-up signal, indicating that the DRX Active Time 832 is enabled for the next DRX cycle 830. Based on detecting the DCI format 2_6 (e.g., PDCCH-WUS) , the first and second UEs 804, 806 can measure respective CSI-RS from the network entity 802 within the DRX Active Time 832, and transmit corresponding P-CSI reporting information for each CSI-RS measurement (e.g., with the P-CSI reporting also within the DRX Active Time 832 for the DRX cycle 830) .
[0146] Outside of the DRX Active Time 832, but still within the DRX cycle 830, the first and second UEs 804, 806 are configured not to perform further CSI-RS measurement and do not perform further P-CSI reporting.
[0147] Near the end of the DRX cycle 830, the first and second UEs 804, 806 may monitor for a DCI format 2_6 WUS for the next DRX cycle Active Time. Based on not detecting a DCI format 2_6 within the WUS MO for the next DRX cycle (e.g., ‘No DCI format 2_6’ of FIG. 8) , during the time duration 842, the first UE 804 does not measure CSI-RS or transmit P-CSI reporting information, based on the first UE 804 being configured with PS_Periodic_CSI_TransmitOrNot = ‘disable’ .
[0148] During the time duration 842, the second UE 806 is configured to measure CSI-RS and transmit corresponding P-CSI reporting information to the network entity 802, based on the second UE 806 being configured with PS_Periodic_CSI_TransmitOrNot =‘enable’ . The time duration 842 can be a time duration indicated by drx-onDurationTimer (not Active Time) , and can be the same as or similar to the Configured on-duration outside Active Time described above.
[0149] As noted previously, the systems and techniques described herein can be used to prevent the interruption of UE-side beam prediction from various power-saving modes implemented by a UE, where the power-saving modes can include a DRX mode disabled, a DRX mode enabled without WUS configured, a DRX mode enabled with WUS configured, etc. For example, the systems and techniques can prevent interruption to UE-side beam prediction based on providing beam prediction configuration information corresponding to a changed DRX mode or configuration for the UE (e.g., a new and / or updated DRX on-duration, Active Time, or other DRX parameter, etc. ) and / or corresponding to the use of a WUS configured to activate or deactivate an upcoming DRX on-duration of a DRX cycle for the UE.
[0150] In some aspects, a UE may initially be configured to perform beam prediction based on respective measurement information obtained for a plurality of measurement resource occasions. For example, FIG. 9A is a diagram of UE signaling 900 during different power-saving modes (e.g., different DRX and / or WUS configurations, etc. ) , and includes a plurality of beam measurement occasions 902 associated with UE beam prediction operations using various DRX and / or WUS configurations.
[0151] For example, the plurality of beam measurement occasions 902 can be Set-B beams that the UE is configured to measure for one or more UE-side beam prediction operations. The UE-side beam prediction operations can include spatial-domain DL beam prediction for Set-A beams based on measurement results of Set-B beams, and / or can include temporal DL beam prediction for Set-A beams based on historic measurement results of Set-B beams, etc., among various others. The Set-A beams and the Set-B beams can be in the same frequency range or different frequency ranges. Set-B beams may be a subset of Set-A beams, or Set-B beams may be different from Set-A beams (e.g., Set-A may include narrow beams and Set-B may include wide beams, etc. ) . In some cases, Set-A beams can be associated with and / or used for DL beam prediction and Set-B beams can be associated with and / or used for DL beam management.
[0152] In some cases, the plurality of beam measurement occasions 902 may also be referred to as a plurality of measurement resource occasions, and may correspond to a plurality of Set-B beams that the UE is configured to measure with a particular periodicity (e.g., measurement periodicity or measurement cycle) when a DRX mode is not active or used for the UE. In one illustrative example, an updated DRX configuration for the UE can cause the UE to transition from a non-DRX mode (e.g., DRX operations are not performed by the UE) to a DRX mode (e.g., DRX operations are performed by the UE. For example, for the respective beam measurement occasions 902 before the first DRX-off duration 942-1, the UE associated with the signaling 900 of FIG. 9A has not been configured with a CDRX operation (e.g., has not been configured with a DRX mode, or DRX has not been enabled or implemented, etc. ) . Beginning from the first slot or beam measurement occasion 902 of the first DRX-off duration 942-1, the UE is updated to be configured with a DRX mode (e.g., configured with CDRX operations, etc. ) .
[0153] The change from DRX not enabled to DRX enabled for the UE can be based on signaling received by the UE from a network entity (e.g., base station, gNB, etc. ) . For example, the UE can receive from the network entity information indicative of a DRX configuration for the UE, where the DRX configuration for the UE is a new DRX configuration (e.g., causing the UE to transition from DRX not enabled to DRX enabled, beginning from the first DRX-off duration 942-1) . The DRX configuration for the UE can be indicative of a respective DRX on-duration for the DRX cycles or DRX operations configured for the UE by the network entity. For example, the DRX-on duration of the DRX configuration information can be indicative of a length or duration of the DRX-on 935-1, 935-2, 935-3, 935-4, etc. Each DRX cycle can include at least one DRX-on (e.g., one of the DRX-on periods 935-1, 935-2, 935-3, 935-4, etc. ) and one DRX-off (e.g., one of the DRX-off periods 942-1, 942-2, 942-3, 942-4, etc. ) .
[0154] A power-saving mode implemented by the UE can cause an interruption to UE-side beam prediction that was previously being implemented based on a fixed periodicity or measurement cycle between respective ones of the plurality of beam measurement occasions 902 and / or a periodicity or measurement cycle between subsets or groups of the plurality of beam measurement occasions 902. For example, a power-saving mode that causes the UE to begin performing DRX operations (e.g., implementing DRX cycles, such as a first DRX cycle including the DRX-off 942-1 and the DRX-on duration 935-1, a second DRX cycle including the DRX-off 942-2 and the DRX-on duration 935-2, etc. ) can be associated with at least a portion of the plurality of beam measurement occasions 902 now being located outside of the DRX-on durations 935-1, 935-2, 935-3, 935-4, etc., where the UE is by default configured to enable beam measurement (e.g., on DL) and / or reporting of beam measurement information, beam prediction information, etc. (e.g., on UL) .
[0155] For example, based on an updated DRX configuration that enables DRX operations for a UE that previously was not performing DRX operations, the UE may be unable to continue receiving and / or measuring each measurement resource occasion of the plurality of measurement resource occasions 902 while being active only during (e.g., within) the DRX-on durations of the DRX mode newly enabled for the UE.
[0156] As noted previously, a UE may utilize one or more AI / ML models to perform beam prediction operations, where the AI / ML model (s) receive as input time-series data, measurements, information, etc., corresponding to the measurement cycle periodicity of the plurality of measurement occasions 902. For instance, to perform UE-side beam prediction, the UE may utilize an AI / ML model that requires as input time-series data corresponding to measurement of each respective beam measurement occasion of the plurality of beam measurement occasions 902. For example, the AI / ML model may require as input time-series data measurements (e.g., RSRP, SINR, CIR, etc. ) for one or more directional beams based on measurements of SSBs or CSI-RSs by the UE at the beam measurement occasions 902, for example, via SSB beams (e.g., directional beams via which SSBs are transmitted / received) and / or via CSI-RS beams (e.g., directional beams via which CSI-RSs are transmitted / received) . The mapping of the beam measurements to inputs of the AI / ML model / functionality may affect the output of the AI / ML model / functionality (e.g., the predicted measurements) . Thus, for accurate use of an AI / ML model / functionality, the UE and network entity (e.g., the gNB) may agree on a mapping and order of channel measurement resources (CMRs) or interference measurement resources (IMRs) to AI / ML model / functionality inputs.
[0157] In one illustrative example, based on whether the UE-side beam prediction utilizes or requires Set-B beams based on SSBs or CSI-RSs measured at the plurality of measurement occasions 902, whether time-series input data types are required as a model input to the UE AI / ML model (s) for beam prediction, and / or whether the UE would expect a proper UL-grant to feedback the beam prediction results determined from beam measurements at the plurality of measurement occasions 902, etc., the UE may experience interruptions to the UE-side beam prediction when various DRX and / or WUS-based power-saving modes are implemented by or for the UE.
[0158] In an example where the UE is transitioned (e.g., by the power-saving mode) from a non-DRX mode to a DRX mode without WUS configured, the UE may only be able to measure and report beam prediction results during the DRX-on cycles 935-1 –935-4. In another example, if the UE is already in the DRX mode and is transitioned (e.g., by the power-saving mode) from a first DRX configuration with a first DRX-on duration and / or periodicity to a second DRX configuration with a second DRX-on duration and / or periodicity, the UE may only be able to measure and report beam prediction results for a portion of the configured or expected measurement occasions 902 of its AI / ML beam prediction model (s) .
[0159] For example, the second DRX configuration may update the DRX operations of the UE to use a longer DRX periodicity (e.g., longer DRX-off durations or time periods between consecutive DRX cycles or DRX-on durations) , causing one or more measurement occasions 902 that were previously within the Active Time of the first DRX configuration to now be within the Outside Active Time of the second DRX configuration.
[0160] In another example, the second DRX configuration may update the DRX operations of the UE to use a shorter DRX-on duration per DRX cycle, which may also cause one or more measurements occasions 902 that were previously within the Active Time of the first DRX configuration to now be within the Outside Active Time of the second DRX configuration.
[0161] In some examples, the UE may perform beam prediction using one or more AI / ML models where the model inputs require time-series measurement data with a configured measurement cycle. In the first DRX configuration, the DRX periodicity may be greater than or equal to the configured measurement cycle, and each measurement cycle can be performed within a DRX Active Time of the first DRX configuration. When a second DRX configuration updates the DRX operations of the UE to utilize a second DRX configuration, with a second DRX periodicity that is now shorter than the configured or required measurement cycle periodicity for the AI / ML beam prediction model (s) , the UE-side beam prediction operations can be interrupted based on at least a portion of the beam measurement occasions now being within the Outside Active Time of the second DRX configuration, and the AI / ML beam prediction model (s) may provide unreliable performance, increased latency or delayed beam prediction reporting, decreased accuracy corresponding to a portion of the expected time-series input measurements that are outside of the configured DRX-on duration or Active time, etc.
[0162] In some aspects, the power-saving mode of the UE may also configure a WUS together with the DRX mode. For example, for the first and second DRX cycles of FIG. 9A (e.g., corresponding to the first DRX-on cycle 935-1 and the second DRX-on cycle 935-2) , the UE performs DRX operations without WUS configured.
[0163] Starting from the DRX-off cycle 942-3, the UE is updated with a DRX and WUS configuration that causes the UE to monitor for a WUS (e.g., DCI format 2_6) to determine whether the next / upcoming DRX-on cycle 935-3 is activated (e.g., positive wake-up indication WUS) or deactivated (e.g., negative wake-up indication WUS) . For example, a negative wake-up indication WUS may be received by the UE from an associated network entity (e.g., base station, gNB, etc. ) prior to the third DRX-on cycle 935-3 start. In some aspects, the negative wake-up indication WUS may be received by the UE from the associated network entity during (e.g., within) the DRX-off cycle 942-3 that is prior to the DRX-on cycle 935-3. The negative wake-up indication WUS may be the same as or similar to the WUS and wake-up indication bit (s) described previously with respect to FIGS. 6A-8.
[0164] The negative wake-up indication WUS may be configured to deactivate the third DRX-on cycle 935-3 for the UE, and the UE may be unable to measure and report prediction results for one or more beam measurement occasions 902 within the deactivated DRX-on cycle 935-3. The deactivation of the DRX-on cycle 935-3 by a WUS can cause an interruption to the UE-side beam prediction and / or one or more AI / ML beam prediction models implemented and / or utilized by the UE. For example, when a UE is configured for DRX mode operation with WUS, a positive wake-up indication WUS can correspond to the UE being able to measure and report prediction results for each beam measurement occasion 902 as required, and a negative wake-up indication WUS can correspond to the UE being unable to measure and report prediction results for at least a portion of beam measurement occasions 902 corresponding to or within a deactivated DRX-on cycle (e.g., such as deactivated DRX-on cycle 935-3) .
[0165] In one illustrative example, the systems and techniques can be used to implement updated beam prediction configurations for a UE, where the updated beam prediction configuration corresponds to a new or changed (e.g., updated) DRX configuration of a power-saving mode for the UE (e.g., changed DRX mode, changed DRX periodicity, changed DRX on-duration, changed WUS configuration for DRX operations, etc. ) . The updated beam prediction configuration may correspond to UE-side beam prediction behaviors during DRX-off durations (e.g., such as one or more of DRX-off durations 942-1, 942-2, 942-3, 942-4, etc. ) . For example, the updated beam prediction configuration can indicate whether a UE will still measure Set-B beams (e.g., one or more measurement occasions 902) during the DRX-off duration (s) . In another example, the updated beam prediction configuration may correspond to UE-side beam prediction behaviors during DRX-on durations deactivated by WUS (e.g., such as the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3) . For example, the updated beam prediction configuration can indicate whether a UE will still measure Set-B beams (e.g., one or more measurement occasions 902) during the DRX-on durations deactivated by a WUS comprising a negative wake-up indication.
[0166] In some cases, the UE may be configured by a network entity (e.g., base station, gNB) and / or may receive a request from a network entity to feedback predicted channel characteristics (e.g., L1-RSRPs, L1-SINRs, and / or Top-K-resources with respect to L1-RSRPs or L1-SINRs, etc. ) associated with a set of prediction target resources (e.g., Set-A beams, which may be based on SSD, CSI-RS, and / or virtual resources, etc. ) . The feedback of predicted channel characteristics for the set of prediction target resources can be based on one or more measured channel characteristics (e.g., L1-RSRPs, L1-SINRs, angle-of-arrivals (AoAs) , angle-of-departures (AoDs) , CIRs, etc. ) associated with a set of measurement resources, such as the plurality of measurement resources 902 of FIG. 9A (e.g., Set-B beams, which may be based on SSB, CSI-RS resources, etc. ) . In some aspects, the feedback of the predicted channel characteristics can comprise a beam prediction report, and may be provided by the UE to the network entity using a periodic, semi-persistent, and / or aperiodic CSI report, etc. As noted previously, the prediction may be based on the UE using one or more AI / ML models associated with beam prediction AI / ML functionalities, etc.
[0167] In one illustrative example, the systems and techniques described herein can be used to configure and / or control UE behaviors for measuring the measurement resources, for deriving the predicted channel characteristics, for transmitting or reporting a corresponding CSI or beam prediction report, and / or for identifying an appropriate AI / ML functionality and / or model for the beam prediction, etc. The UE behavior (s) can be adapted by the network entity and / or the UE, and may be adapted based on one or more changes with respect to UE power-saving modes.
[0168] In a first illustrative example, the change (s) to the UE power-saving mode can correspond to DRX and / or CDRX modes and associated cycles for the UE (e.g., whether the UE is configured with DRX or CDRX cycles, and if configured, the periodicity of the DRX cycles) .
[0169] In a second illustrative example, the change (s) to the UE power-saving mode can correspond to a WUS configuration for DRX operations (e.g., if the UE is configured with DRX cycles, whether WUS are also configured for the DRX cycles and DRX operations; if WUS is configured, whether a particular DRX-on duration is activated by a corresponding WUS or not; if WUS is configured and a particular DRX-on duration is deactivated by the WUS via a negative wake-up indication, whether any additional and / or separate network configurations indicate a configuration for how the UE is to proceed with performing the beam prediction) .
[0170] In some aspects, the updated beam configuration information corresponding to beam prediction performed by the UE can be indicative of an adaptation based on the DRX or CDRX modes and cycles associated with the UE, where the UE has not been configured with a DRX mode or operation (e.g., the updated beam configuration information can be in response to a transition of the UE from non-DRX mode to DRX mode) .
[0171] For example, the UE may previously have been configured with a periodic CSI report by the network entity, may have been activated by the network entity with a semi-persistent CSI report including or indicative of beam prediction results, and / or may have been configured by the network entity with an aperiodic CSI report triggering configuration (e.g., CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo) . When the UE is subsequently configured with a DRX mode and / or is configured to perform DRX operations, the UE transitions from a non-DRX mode to a DRX mode.
[0172] In some aspects, the UE and / or network entity may determine that the updated DRX configuration for the UE may cause the UE to be unable to measure all measurement resource occasions 902 within only the DRX-on durations or Active Time of the DRX mode enabled by the transition from the first DRX configuration to the second DRX configuration (e.g., where the first DRX configuration is a non-DRX mode and the second DRX configuration is the DRX mode of the updated DRX configuration of the UE power-saving mode) .
[0173] To determine whether the UE will be configured to still carry out measurements on the one or more measurement resource occasions 902 that are during DRX-off durations (e.g., such as DRX-off duration 942-1, 942-2, …, etc. ) , the UE may be configured or pre-configured according to a cellular communications standard with conditions mapping to when the UE does or does not measure a measurement resource occasion 902 during a DRX-off duration.
[0174] In some aspects, the determination of whether the UE measures a measurement occasion 902 during a DRX-off duration can be based at least in part on one or more requirements of an AI / ML model and / or functionality used for the UE-side beam prediction. The determination of whether or not the UE will measure during one or more DRX-off durations based on requirement information for an AI / ML model or functionality for UE-side beam prediction can be performed by the UE, by the network entity (e.g., base station, gNB) , or various combinations thereof. The determination to measure or not measure during DRX-off durations can be signaled using a corresponding beam prediction configuration information that causes the UE to either measure, or not measure, the one or more measurement occasions that are during a DRX-off duration.
[0175] For example, the UE may signal to the network entity the requirements of one or more (or all) of a plurality of different AI / ML models and / or functionalities that are available at or implemented by the UE for performing UE-side beam prediction. In some cases, the AI / ML beam prediction model information and requirements can be signaled from the UE to the network entity as UE capability information, and may be included in a UE capability report. In some cases, the AI / ML model and functionality information and requirements can be signaled from the UE to the network entity as UE condition information, including UE power-saving condition information and / or UE power-saving mode information, etc. For example, the UE can update the network entity with current requirement information of the UE’s AI / ML beam prediction models, using RRC and / or MAC-CE messages. In some aspects, the UE can update the network entity through RRC or MAC-CE based on current or most recent local condition information for the UE (e.g., battery status, power, etc. ) .
[0176] Based on the AI / ML model requirement information transmitted from the UE to the network entity, the network entity can determine whether the UE will measure all measurement resource occasions of the plurality of measurement resource occasions 902 (e.g., including measurement occasions during one or more DRX-off durations 942-1, 942-2, …, etc. ) or whether the UE will measure only measurement resource occasions 902 within a DRX-on duration (e.g., DRX-on durations 935-1, 935-2, …, etc. ) . The network entity’s determination can be signaled to the UE as corresponding beam prediction configuration information.
[0177] For example, beam prediction configuration information can cause the UE to measure during a DRX-off duration, and the network entity transmits the associated CSI-RS or other beams for the beam measurement occasions 902 during the DRX-off durations. In another example, beam prediction configuration based on a determination that the UE will not measure during DRX-off durations may update or cause the UE to change the AI / ML model used to perform the beam prediction, where the updated selection of AI / ML model has a different measurement cycle periodicity that causes all beam measurement occasions to fall within the DRX-on duration of a DRX cycle of the newly enabled DRX mode for the UE. In some aspects, the updated beam configuration information causes the UE to switch AI / ML models for beam prediction, where the corresponding measurement cycle for the second AI / ML model is configured to be within the configured DRX-on duration (e.g., the UE’s selection of AI / ML model for beam prediction is adjusted to keep the measurement resource occasions within the DRX-on duration and no measurement resource occasions are skipped, instead of the UE utilizing an unchanged selection of AI / ML model and skipping measurement resource occasions that are outside of the DRX-on duration / within the DRX-off duration) .
[0178] In some cases, the UE may be configured to analyze the updated DRX configuration and the AI / ML model requirements information to determine the updated beam prediction configuration indicative of whether the UE will or will not measure beam resources during a DRX-off duration. In some aspects, the UE can be configured to signal its determination to the network entity. For example, the UE may be configured to signal to the network entity that the UE will measure one or more measurement resources during a DRX-off duration. In one illustrative example, when the plurality of beam measurement occasions 902 are Set-B beams based on CSI-RSs, the UE requires the network entity to transmit the corresponding CSI-RSs in order to make the UE-side beam measurement. In some examples, the UE can signal the network entity to indicate that the UE will measure one or more occasions 902 during a DRX-off duration, which can cause the network entity to transmit the corresponding measurement resources (e.g., CSI-RSs) to the UE and with the appropriate timing (e.g., during the DRX-off duration (s) , etc. ) , based on the signaling from the UE indicative of the UE-determined updated beam prediction configuration information. In some cases, the UE determination to perform measurements during a DRX-off duration can be signaled or reported to the network entity as additional conditions associated with the AI / ML functionality or model ID (e.g., which can be known to both the UE and the network entity) .
[0179] In some examples, the updated beam prediction configuration information can be provided to the UE as separate network configurations or indications that are mapped to different types of reporting performed by the UE for the UE-side beam prediction. For example, the network configurations or indications can be configured by a corresponding CSI report setting from the network entity, can be indicated by a MAC-CE from the network entity and activating a semi-periodic CSI report, and / or can be configured by a corresponding CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo from the network entity for an aperiodic CSI report, etc.
[0180] In some aspects, a plurality of AI / ML model IDs and / or functionality IDs can be signaled to be associated with a CSI report for the UE-side beam prediction (e.g., using a CSI report setting or the MAC-CE activating the CSI report, etc. ) . For example, FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an example of a mapping 950 between respective ML / AI models or functionalities 990 and respective conditions or parameters 971 for implementing the respective ML / AI model, in accordance with some examples. In some examples, the plurality of ML / AI models or functionalities 990 may be associated with a respective ID. In some cases, a shared ID or representation scheme can be used to uniquely identify ML / AI models and to uniquely identify ML / AI functionalities. In some cases, a first ID or representation scheme can be used to uniquely identify ML / AI models, and a second ID or representation scheme can be used to uniquely identify ML / AI functionalities.
[0181] In some aspects, the mapping information 950 can be signaled to be associated with a CSI report generated by the UE. For example, the mapping information 950 can be signaled (e.g., by a network entity) to be associated with the CSI report (e.g., using a CSI report setting, a MAC-CE activating the CSI report, etc. ) . The mapping information 950 can be indicative of a respective mapping or association between each ML / AI model or functionality of the plurality of ML / AI models or functionalities 990, and a particular DRX condition. For example, the first ML / AI model or functionality 991 may be mapped to or associated with a condition 971 corresponding to no DRX operations configured for the UE. The second ML / AI model or functionality 992 can be mapped to a condition 972 corresponding to DRX operations configured for the UE, while the UE is able to obtain all necessary measurement resource occasions using (e.g., during) only the configured DRX-on durations. The third ML / AI model or functionality 998 can be mapped to a corresponding condition 978 corresponding to DRX operations configured for the UE, while the UE is not able to measure all necessary measurement resource occasions within only the configured DRX-on durations.
[0182] In another example, the first ML / AI model or functionality 991 can be mapped to a condition / parameter set 971 indicative of a first DRX cycle value, a first DRX-on duration value, and / or a first DRX-off duration value, etc. The second ML / AI model or functionality 992 can be mapped to a condition / parameter set 972 indicative of a second DRX cycle value, a second DRX-on duration value, and / or a second DRX-off duration value, etc. The third ML / AI model or functionality 993 can be mapped to a condition / parameter set 973 indicative of a third DRX cycle value, a third DRX-on duration value, and / or a third DRX-off duration value, etc.
[0183] In another example, the first ML / AI model or functionality 991 can be mapped to a condition / parameter set 971 corresponding to a DRX-on duration activated by a WUS. The second ML / AI model or functionality 992 can be mapped to a condition / parameter set 972 corresponding to a DRX-on duration deactivated by a WUS. The first ML / AI model or functionality 991 may correspond to an ML / AI beam prediction model configured for use during active DRX-on durations, and may utilize AP CSI-RSs as Set-B beams scheduled via DCI. The second ML / AI model or functionality 9921 may correspond to an ML / AI beam prediction model configured for use during deactivated DRX-on durations, and may utilize SSBs or P-CSI-RSs as Set-B beams.
[0184] The AI / ML model or functionality IDs 990 can be respectively associated to (e.g., mapped to) different conditions 970, parameters and / or parameter sets, and / or various or combinations thereof of DRX and WUS configurations of the UE. For example, a first set of one or more AI / ML models or functionality IDs 991 can be signaled to the UE by the network entity and mapped to a first condition 971 where no DRX operations are configured for the UE.
[0185] A second set of AI / ML model and / or functionality IDs 992 can be signaled to the UE by the network entity and mapped to a second condition 972 where DRX operations are configured for the UE, and the UE is able to measure all necessary measurement resource occasions for the required model input during only the DRX-on durations. For example, the second condition 972 can correspond to a state where no measurement resource occasions 902 associated with the UE-side beam prediction AI / ML model (s) are outside of the DRX-on durations (e.g., no measurement resource occasions 902 are within a DRX-off duration and / or the measurement cycle periodicity is shorter than the DRX cycle periodicity) .
[0186] A third set of AI / ML model and / or functionality IDs 998 can be signaled to the UE by the network entity and mapped to a third condition 978 where DRX operations are configured for the UE, and the UE is not able to measure all necessary measurement resource occasions for the required model input during only the DRX-on durations. For example, the third condition 978 can correspond to a state where one or more measurement resource occasions 902 associated with the UE-side beam prediction AI / ML model (s) are outside of the DRX-on durations (e.g., within a DRX-off duration, and / or the measurement cycle periodicity is longer than the DRX cycle periodicity configured for the UE, etc. ) . In some examples, the third set of AI / ML model and / or functionality IDs 998 may be configured to require as input a set of measurement resources that do not require the UE to measure the measurement resources outside of the DRX-on durations. In one illustrative example, the third set of AI / ML model and / or functionality IDs 998 mapped to the condition 978 where the UE cannot measure all of its currently configured measurement resource occasions within a newly enabled DRX-on duration can correspond to a reduced model complexity, such that fewer measurement resource occasions are needed and / or the measurement cycle periodicity is increased to be greater than or equal to the DRX cycle periodicity.
[0187] In another illustrative example, the UE or network entity may determine an updated beam prediction configuration for the UE corresponding to a DRX configuration change for the UE that comprises a change from a first DRX configuration with a first DRX cycle, first DRX-on duration, and / or first DRX-off duration to a second DRX configuration with a second DRX cycle, second DRX-on duration, and / or second DRX-off duration. The second DRX cycle, on duration, and / or off duration may be longer or shorter than the respective first DRX cycle, on duration, and / or off duration. In some aspects, in this example, the UE may be previously configured with a periodic CSI report or activated with a semi-persistent CSI report indicative of beam prediction results, and / or may previously be configured with an aperiodic CSI report triggering configuration (e.g., CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo) .
[0188] In some cases, the UE may determine that, when using the updated second DRX-on duration and second DRX cycle Active Time, the UE is unable to measure all measurement resource occasions that were measurable within the first DRX-on duration and first DRX cycle Active Time. For example, the second DRX-on duration may be shorter than the first DRX-on duration and / or the second DRX cycle periodicity may be different from the first DRX cycle periodicity, etc.
[0189] A corresponding updated beam prediction configuration information for the UE-side beam prediction performed after an updated DRX configuration transitions the UE from a first DRX on-duration to a second DRX on-duration can be determined and signaled the same as described above with respect to the updated beam prediction configuration information performed after an updated DRX configuration transitions the UE from a non-DRX mode to a DRX mode (e.g., the transition of non-DRX mode to DRX mode may be the same as or similar to a transition from a continuously on first DRX-on duration to a second DRX-on duration given by the newly enabled DRX mode) .
[0190] For example, updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to the transition of UE DRX operations from a first DRX-on duration to a second DRX-on duration may be based on a standard-specified configuration or set of parameters or conditions; may be determined by the network entity, UE, or both based on requirement information of the AI / ML models and / or functionality implemented by the UE for the beam prediction, with the UE signaling to the network a UE-determined decision to continue measuring for one or more measurement resource occasions 902 outside of the second DRX-on duration (e.g., within the second DRX-off duration) ; based on separate network configurations and / or indications; etc.
[0191] In some aspects, the updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to the transition of UE DRX operations from a first DRX-on duration to a second DRX-on duration may be based on a configured mapping between different DRX parameters and various AI / ML model IDs and / or AI / ML functionalities to be used by the UE when the corresponding DRX parameters are detected as the current UE conditions. The mapping may be the same as or similar to the mapping information 950 of FIG. 9B. For example, different AI / ML model and / or functionality IDs 990 can be signaled by the network entity to the UE as being associated with the CSI report and as respectively associated with different DRX cycles, associated with different DRX-on duration values, associated with different DRX-off duration values, etc. Based on different conditions 970 comprising different combinations of DRX cycle lengths, DRX-on duration values, and / or DRX-off duration values, the UE can determine the corresponding AI / ML model or functionality ID (s) 990 that are mapped to the current conditions by the network entity, and may implement the AI / ML model or functionality 991, 992, …, 998 indicated by the mapping information 950. For example, the UE can receive the updated DRX configuration indicative of the transition from the first DRX configuration to the second DRX configuration, and may switch to the corresponding (e.g., mapped) AI / ML model or functionality 990 for the DRX cycle or DRX-on / off duration of the second DRX configuration after the updated DRX configuration is validated (e.g., after the second DRX cycle and / or DRX-on / off duration is validated) . In some aspects, the associated AI / ML model or functionality 990 mapped to a particular set of DRX parameters or values as the triggering condition 970 can be configured to not cause the UE to measure one or more measurement resources outside of the DRX-on durations of the second DRX configuration. For example, if the second DRX configuration reduces the length of the DRX-on duration, the UE may determine and implement a mapped updated beam prediction configuration that utilizes a set of AI / ML beam prediction models that require fewer measurement resource occasions and / or a shorter measurement cycle periodicity such that all measurement resource occasions required for the input data stream to the set of AI / ML models will be within the DRX-on durations of the second DRX configuration.
[0192] In another illustrative example, the updated or changed DRX configuration for the UE may configure a WUS for the DRX operations implemented by the UE. For example, the UE may previously have been configured with a periodic CSI report, activated with a semi-persistent CSI report indicating of beam prediction results, or been configured with an AP CSI report triggering configuration (e.g., CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo) , where the UE has been configured with a DRX operation combined with a WUS configuration associated to the DRX operation.
[0193] In some examples, the updated beam prediction configuration can be determined and implemented to prevent interruption to the UE-side beam prediction when a DRX-on duration is deactivated by a corresponding WUS (e.g., deactivated by a negative wake-up indication WUS) . For example, an updated beam configuration can be determined and implement to prevent interruption to the UE-side beam prediction by a deactivated DRX-on duration such as the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3 of FIG. 9A. The network entity, the UE, or various combinations thereof can be configured to determine whether the UE will still carry out measurements on the one or more measurement resources or measurement resource occasions 902 during a deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3. The network entity and / or UE may additionally be configured to determine whether the UE will still report the periodic or SP CSI report indicative of beam prediction information, whether the periodic or SP CSI report would be transmitted during the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3 and / or would be based on measurement resources measured during the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3.
[0194] In some cases, the UE behavior and beam prediction configuration for measurement resource occasions during a DRX-on duration deactivated by a negative wake-up indication WUS can be determined based on one or more requirements of an AI / ML functionality or model implemented by the UE for performing the UE-side beam prediction, as described above. The determination and corresponding updated beam prediction configuration information can be signaled separately from the network entity, and / or can be determined by the UE, as also noted previously above. In examples where the determination is performed by the UE, the UE may be configured to signal to the network entity the result of its decision, indicating whether the UE will (or will not) continue to measure one or more measurement resource occasions 902 during a deactivated DRX-on duration (e.g., deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3) . For example, the UE may be configured to at least signal the network entity based on the UE determining to continue with performing measurements during a deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3, such as when the measurement resource occasions 902 are Set-B beams based on CSI-RSs transmitted by the network entity. Based on the signaling or information received from the UE indicative of the determination to measure during a deactivated DRX-on duration, the network entity can be configured to still transmit the correspond CSI-RSs or other beams / resources expected and needed by the UE to perform the measurements during the measurement resource occasions 902 that are within the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3.
[0195] In some aspects, one or more separate network configurations and / or indications can be signaled as dedicated information or configurations for the CSI report. For example, the separate network configurations or indications may be configured by a corresponding CSI report setting, may be indicated by a MAC-CE activating the SP CSI report, and / or may be configured by a corresponding CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo for AP CSI reports. In some examples, the network configurations and / or indications can be implemented as respective configurations or indications for whether the CSI report should be reported by the UE during the DRX-on duration that is deactivated by the WUS (e.g., the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3) , and whether measurements on Set-B resources 902 should be carried out by the UE during the DRX-on duration that is deactivated by the WUS (e.g., the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3) . In some cases, the UE can be configured to measure but not report during the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3. In some examples, the UE can be configured to not measure but to transmit a report during the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3. In some examples, the UE can be configured to both measure and report during the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3. In some cases, the UE can be configured to neither measure nor report during the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3.
[0196] In another example, separate network on or off configurations and / or indications can be signaled from the network entity to the UE, and may be mapped to different types of beam prediction reports. For example, a respective updated beam prediction configuration information can be mapped to periodic CSI reports, AP CSI reports, SP CSI reports, etc. In some cases, the respective updated beam prediction configurations can indicate whether the UE should prepare a CSI report during the DRX-on duration 935-3 deactivated by WUS, and / or may indicate whether measurements on Set-B beams should be performed for measurement occasions 902 during the deactivated DRX-on duration 935-3.
[0197] In another illustrative example, different AI / ML model IDs and / or AI / ML functionality IDs can be signaled from the network entity to the UE to be associated with the CSI report for the UE-side beam prediction (e.g., via CSI report setting or the MAC-CE activating the CSI report) . The different AI / ML model or functionality IDs (or groups, sets, subsets, etc., thereof) can be mapped to and respectively associated with different conditions, such as a first set of AI / ML model IDs mapped to a first condition corresponding to a DRX-on duration that is activated by a corresponding positive WUS, and a second set of AI / ML model IDs mapped to a second condition corresponding to a DRX-on duration that is deactivated by a corresponding negative WUS. Based on the mapping between AI / ML models and different DRX and WUS configuration conditions, as signaled from the network entity to the UE, the UE can be configured to prevent interruption to the UE-side beam prediction by switching to the mapped updated beam prediction configuration depending on whether each DRX-on duration for a plurality of DRX cycles is activated or deactivated by its corresponding WUS.
[0198] For example, in some cases, the first set of ML / AI model (s) configured for active DRX-on durations (e.g., DRX-on durations activated by the corresponding WUS) may require AP CSI-RSs as Set-B beams that are scheduled by DCI, while the second set of ML / AI model (s) configured for deactivated DRX-on durations (e.g., DRX-on durations deactivated by the corresponding WUS) may require only SSBs or P-CSI-RSs as Set-B beams; etc.
[0199] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of beam measurement configurations 1000 for measurement and / or reporting associated with beam prediction performed by a UE, based on a DRX mode and / or WUS signaling associated with the UE, in accordance with some examples.
[0200] In some aspects, a first DRX-off cycle 1042-1 may be the same as or similar to the DRX-off cycle 942-1 of FIG. 9A; a second DRX-off 1042-2 may be the same as or similar to the DRX-off 942-2 of FIG. 9A; etc.
[0201] A first DRX-on cycle 1035-1 may be a DRX-on duration that is activated by a corresponding positive wake-up indication WUS 1015-1. The activated DRX-on cycle 1035-1 may be the same as or similar to the active DRX-on cycle 935-1 of FIG. 9A and / or the active 935-2 of FIG. 9A.
[0202] A second DRX-on cycle 1035-2 may be a DRX-on duration that is deactivated by a corresponding negative wake-up indication WUS 1017. The deactivated DRX-on cycle 1035-2 may be the same as or similar to the deactivated DRX-on cycle 935-3 of FIG. 9A.
[0203] A third DRX-on cycle 1035-3 may be a DRX-on duration that is activated by a corresponding positive wake-up indication WUS 1015-3. The activated DRX-on cycle 1035-3 may be the same as or similar to the active DRX-on cycle 1035-1
[0204] A first set of UE-implemented beam measurements 1060 includes a first example series 1062 of beam measurements by a UE, a second example series 1064 of beam measurement by a UE, and a third example series 1066 of beam measurements by a UE. The first set 1060 of UE-implemented beam measurements can correspond to an example where the UE performs Set-B beam measurements configured based on a dedicated beam prediction configuration on a per-CSI report basis.
[0205] A second set of UE-implemented beam measurements 1070 includes a first example series 1072 of beam measurements by a UE, a second example series 1074 of beam measurement by a UE, and a third example series 1076 of beam measurements by a UE. The second set 1070 of UE-implemented beam measurements can correspond to an example where the UE performs Set-B beam measurements configured based on a common beam prediction configuration across CSI reports.
[0206] Within each set of three respective UE-implemented beam measurement series (e.g., 1062, 1064, 1066 and 1072, 1074, 1076) , a non-shaded box represents a measurement resource occasion where the UE does not perform measurements. A shaded box represents a measurement resource occasion where the UE does perform measurements.
[0207] The three series of beam measurements 1062-1066 included in the first set 1060 of UE-implemented beam measurements each have different respective measurement cycle periodicities, patterns, and total quantities of measurement resource occasions. The underlying timing and pattern of the measurement resource occasions shown in the first set 1060 of three series of beam measurements 1062-1066 can be the same as the underlying timing and pattern of the measurement resource occasions shown in the second set 1070 of three series of beam measurements 1072-1076. The shading of particular measurement resource occasions across the first set 1060 and the second set 1070 can vary based on the first set 1060 corresponding to the use of updated beam prediction configuration information that provides a dedicated configuration per CSI report, while the second set 10-70 corresponds to the use of updated beam prediction configuration information that provides a common configuration across CSI reports.
[0208] For example, within the first DRX-off duration 1042-1, the first series 1062 and second series 1064 do not include measurements during the available measurement occasions, while the third series 1066 does include measurements during the available measurement occasions of the third series 1066 that fall within the first DRX-off duration 1042-1. In this example, the UE associated with the third series 1066 of beam prediction measurements is configured differently than the respective UEs associated with the first and second series 1062, 1064 (respectively) of beam prediction measurements.
[0209] In some aspects, the UE associated with the first series 1062 of beam prediction measurements implements an updated beam prediction configuration that causes the UE to perform measurements only during DRX-on durations that are not deactivated by a WUS (e.g., only measures during measurement occasions within an active DRX-on duration) . For instance, the first series 1062 is configured to perform beam prediction measurements during the two measurement occasions within the DRX-on duration 1035-1 activated by the positive WUS 1015-1 and performs beam prediction measurements during the two measurements occasions within the DRX-on duration 1035-3 activated by the positive WUS 1015-3. The first series 1062 is configured to not perform beam prediction measurements during the measurement occasions within the DRX-on duration 1035-2, based on the DRX-on duration 1035-2 being deactivated by the negative WUS 1017.
[0210] The second series 1064 of UE-side beam prediction has a second dedicated per-CSI report beam prediction configuration. For example, the second series 1064 utilizes a beam prediction configuration that causes the UE to perform measurements during all DRX-on durations, including the deactivated DRX-on duration 1035-2 corresponding to the negative WUS 1017.
[0211] The third series 1066 of UE-side beam prediction utilizes a third dedicated per-CSI report beam prediction configuration, different from the respective beam prediction configurations for the first series 1062 and the second series 1064. The third series 1066 utilizes a beam prediction configuration that causes the UE to perform measurements during all DRX-on durations, including the deactivated DRX-on duration 1035-2 and additionally causes the UE to perform measurements during the DRX-off durations 1042-1, 1042-2, and 1042-3.
[0212] In the second set 1070, the three series 1072, 1074, 1076 of UE-side beam prediction measurements can comprise Set-B beam measurements controlled by a common configuration across different CSI reports. For example, a first CSI report corresponding to first series 1072, a second CSI report corresponding to second series 1074, and a third CSI report corresponding to third series 1076 may each use the same updated beam prediction configuration to determine the measurement behavior for measurement occasions during DRX and / or WUS configured DRX operations. In one illustrative example, the three series 1072-1076 utilize an updated beam prediction configuration where beam prediction measurements are performed for beam measurement occasions within all DRX-on durations, including DRX-on durations 1035-1 and 1035-3 activated by the positive WUSs 1015-1 and 1015-3 (respectively) , and further including the DRX-on duration 1035-2 deactivated by the negative WUS 1017.
[0213] A third example of UE-side beam prediction measurements 1080 corresponds to an example where the updated beam prediction configuration information causes the UE to switch the AI / ML functionality and / or model used to perform the beam prediction, where the switch is based on the mapping information signaled from the network entity to the UE indicative of a mapping between different DRX and / or WUS conditions to different AI / ML model and / or functionality IDs to be used for the UE-side beam prediction. For example, the switch can be based on mapping information that is the same as or similar to the mapping information 950 of FIG. 9B.
[0214] In some examples, a first AI / ML model #1 1091 is configured by the mapping information to be used during DRX-off conditions, and the UE performs beam prediction and measurement using AI / ML model #1 1091 during each DRX-off duration 1042-1, 1042-2, and 1042-3. For example, the first AI / ML model #1 1091 of FIG. 10 can be the same as or similar to the ML / AI model or functionality 991 of FIG. 9B, and the corresponding condition / parameter set 971 can be indicative of DRX-off conditions.
[0215] A second AI / ML model #2 1092 is configured by the mapping information (e.g., such as the mapping information 950 of FIG. 9B) to be used during DRX-on durations that are activated by a corresponding positive WUS, such as the DRX-on duration 1035- 1 activated by the corresponding positive WUS 1015-1 and the DRX-on duration 1035-3 activated by the corresponding positive WUS 1015-3. For example, the second AI / ML model #2 1092 of FIG. 10 can be the same as or similar to the ML / AI model functionality 992 of FIG. 9B, and the corresponding condition / parameter set 972 can be indicative of DRX-on durations.
[0216] A third AI / ML model #3 1093 is configured by the mapping information (e.g., such as the mapping information 950 of FIG. 9B) to be used during DRX-on durations that are deactivated by a corresponding negative WUS, such as the DRX-on duration 1035-2 deactivated by the corresponding negative WUS 1017. For example, the third AI / ML model #3 1093 of FIG. 10 can be the same as or similar to the ML / AI model functionality 998 of FIG. 9B, and the corresponding condition / parameter set 978 can be indicative of DRX-on durations that are deactivated by a corresponding negative WUS.
[0217] FIG. 11 is a signaling diagram corresponding to a process 1100 of wireless communications between a network entity 1105 and a UE 1104, in accordance with some examples. In one illustrative example, the UE 1104 of FIG. 11 can be the same as or similar to one or more of the various UEs of any one or more of FIGS. 1-10. In some aspects, the network entity 1105 of FIG. 11 may be a base station, gNB, etc. In some cases, the network entity 1105 of FIG. 11 can be the same as or similar to one or more of the various network entities of any one or more of FIGS. 1-10.
[0218] The network entity 1105 can be configured to transmit information 1120 indicative of a DRX configuration change or update for the UE 1104. The DRX configuration change or update for the UE can be indicative of a DRX-on duration for a plurality of DRX cycles associated with then DRX configuration. The DRX configuration can be a change or update that causes the UE 1104 to transition from a first DRX mode or operation to a second DRX mode or operation that is different from the first DRX mode or operation.
[0219] For example, the information 1120 can be indicative of a DRX configuration that causes the UE 1104 to transition from a non-DRX mode to a DRX mode using the DRX-on duration indicated by the DRX configuration. In another example, the information 1120 can be indicative of a DRX configuration change that causes the UE 1104 to transition from using a first DRX cycle or first DRX on-duration, to using a second DRX cycle or second DRX on-duration that is different from the first DRX cycle or first DRX on-duration (respectively) . In some examples, the information 1120 can be indicative of a DRX configuration change that configures WUS for the DRX operations or DRX mode previously enabled and implemented by the UE 1104. In some aspects, the DRX configuration change or update can cause one or more measurement resource occasions for the UE-side beam prediction performed by the UE 1104 to be outside of the DRX-on duration indicated by the information 1120 (e.g., within the DRX-off duration indicated by the information 1120) .
[0220] At 1130, the UE 1104 can obtain updated beam prediction configuration information for the UE-side beam prediction, in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions for the beam prediction are not within the DRX-on duration associated with the DRX configuration. For example, the one or more measurement resource occasions can be the same as or similar to one or more of the measurement resource occasions 902 of FIG. 9 and / or one or more of the measurement resource occasions of FIG. 10. The measurement resource occasions can be associated with a measurement cycle periodicity that is different from (e.g., longer than) a DRX cycle periodicity indicated by the DRX configuration of information 1120. In some examples, the measurement resource occasions are associated with time-series beam measurement information required as input to one or more AI / ML beam prediction models and / or functionalities implemented by the UE 1104 for performing the UE-side beam prediction.
[0221] At 1140, the UE 1104 may transmit to the network entity 1105 signaling indicative of one or more of the updated beam prediction configuration information, or the determination, or both. For example, the UE 1104 may transmit to the network entity 1105 an indication that the UE 1104 has determined an updated beam prediction configuration that will cause the UE 1104 to measure one or more measurement resource occasions outside of the DRX-on duration configured by the DRX configuration change 1120 and / or that will cause the UE 1104 to measure one or more measurement resource occasions within a DRX-on duration that is deactivated by a WUS comprising a negative wake-up indication (where the WUS may be configured for the DRX operations of the UE 1104 by the DRX configuration change information 1120) .
[0222] At 1150, the network entity 1105 can transmit measurement resources at the configured measurement resource occasions, for measurement and / or beam prediction performed by the UE 1104. In some examples, the network entity can transmit the measurement resources at 1150 based on the signaling 1140 from the UE 1104 indicative of whether the UE 1104 will or will not perform beam measurement outside of the DRX-on durations configured by the DRX configuration change information 1120.
[0223] At 1160, the UE 1104 can obtain one or more beam measurements using the updated beam prediction configuration information. For example, the UE 1104 can obtain beam measurement information 1160 based on the measurement resources 1150 transmitted by the network entity 1105 at the configured measurement resource occasions.
[0224] At 1170, the UE can transmit, to the network entity 1105, one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0225] FIG. 12 is a flowchart diagram illustrating an example of a process 1200 for wireless communications. For example, the process 1200 can be a process for wireless communications by a UE. In some examples, the process 1200 can be performed by a computing device or apparatus or a component or system (e.g., one or more chipsets, one or more processors such as one or more CPUs, DSPs, NPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, etc., any combination thereof, and / or other component or system) of the computing device or apparatus. The operations of the process 1200 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., processor 1610 of FIG. 16 or other processor (s) ) . In some examples, the process 1200 can be performed by a UE, including any of the UEs of FIGS. 1-11. In some aspects, the process 1200 can be performed by a UE, smartphone, mobile computing device, user computer device, etc. The process 1200 can be performed by a component or system (e.g., a chipset) of a wireless device (e.g., one or more of UEs 104, 152, 164, 182, 190 of FIG. 1; UE 104 of FIG. 2; UE (s) 104 of FIG. 3; wireless device 407 of FIG. 4; computing system 1600 of FIG. 16; etc. ) . The wireless device may be a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone) , a network-connected wearable such as a watch, an extended reality (XR) device such as a virtual reality (VR) device or augmented reality (AR) device, a vehicle or component or system of a vehicle, or other type of computing device. The operations of the process 1200 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., processor 484 of FIG. 4, processor 1610 of FIG. 16, and / or other processor (s) ) . Further, the transmission and reception of signals by the wireless device in the process 1200 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antennas 252 of FIG. 2, antenna 487 of FIG. 4, etc. ) and / or one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceiver (s) 478 of FIG. 4, etc. ) .
[0226] At block 1202, the computing device (or component thereof) can receive information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for the UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles.
[0227] For example, the DRX configuration can be indicative of a DRX on-duration such as the DRX-on durations 635-1, 635-2 of FIG. 6A. The plurality of DRX cycles can be the same as or similar to the DRX cycle 630 of FIG. 6A. In some cases, the DRX on-duration can be the same as or similar to the DRX on-duration 730 associated with the DRX cycle of FIG. 7. In some cases, the DRX on-duration can be the same as or similar to the DRX Active Time 832 of FIG. 8, and the DRX cycles can be the same as or similar to the DRX cycle 830 of FIG. 8. In some examples, the DRX on-duration can be the same as or similar to one or more of the DRX on-durations 935-1, 935-2, 935-3, 935-4 of FIG. 9A. In some cases, the DRX on-duration can be the same as or similar to one or more of the DRX on-duration 1035-1, 1035-2, 1035-3 of FIG. 10. In some examples, the DRX configuration can be included in the information 1120 of FIG. 11 indicative of the DRX configuration change or update for the UE 1104.
[0228] In some examples, the DRX configuration is indicative of an updated DRX on-duration different from a previous DRX on-duration configured for the UE. In some cases, the information indicative of the DRX configuration causes the UE to transition from a non-DRX mode to a DRX mode, where the DRX on-duration and the plurality of DRX cycles indicated by the DRX configuration are used for the DRX mode.
[0229] At block 1204, the computing device (or component thereof) can obtain updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles.
[0230] In some cases, to determine that one or more measurement resource occasions are not within the DRX on-duration for the one or more DRX cycles, the computing device (or component thereof) can be configured to determine that one or more measurement resource occasions are within a DRX off-duration for the one or more DRX cycles. For example, the one or more measurement resource occasions can be the same as or similar to the measurement resource occasions 902 of FIG. 9A. The DRX off-duration can be the same as or similar to one or more of the DRX off-duration 942-1, 942-2, 942-3, 942-4 of FIG. 9A and / or the DRX off-duration 1041-1, 1042-2, 1042-3 of FIG. 10.
[0231] In some examples, the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports. In some cases, the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a plurality of mappings between respective DRX parameters and a corresponding machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction performed by the UE.
[0232] For example, the plurality of mappings can be the same as or similar to the mapping information 950 of FIG. 9B. The respective DRX parameters can be the same as or similar to the conditions / parameters 970 of FIG. 9B. The machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction performed by the UE can be the same as or similar to the plurality of ML / AI models or functionalities 990 of FIG. 9B.
[0233] In some cases, the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a first mapping between a first machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction, and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the non-DRX mode (e.g., the ML / AI model 991 and condition / parameters 971 of FIG. 9B) . The updated beam prediction configuration can be further indicative of a second mapping between a second machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction (e.g., the ML / AI model 992 of FIG. 9B) , and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the DRX mode and a determination that each measurement resource occasion associated with the beam prediction is within the DRX on-duration for a respective DRX cycle of the plurality of DRX cycles (e.g., the condition / parameters 972 of FIG. 9B) .
[0234] In some cases, the updated beam prediction configuration information is further indicative of a third mapping between a third machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction (e.g., the ML / AI model 998 of FIG. 9B) , and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the DRX mode and the determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles (e.g., the condition / parameters 978 of FIG. 9B) .
[0235] In some examples, the DRX configuration is indicative of an updated DRX on-duration different from a previous DRX on-duration configured for the UE. In some cases, the one or more measurement resource occasions not within the updated DRX on-duration comprise measurement resource occasions that were within the previous DRX on-duration.
[0236] In some cases, the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports. In some examples, the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a plurality of mappings between different DRX parameters and a corresponding machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction performed by the UE. In some examples, the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of respective mappings between machine learning models or functionalities for the beam prediction and one or more of different DRX cycle periodicity values or different DRX on-duration values.
[0237] At block 1206, the computing device (or component thereof) can obtain one or more beam measurements using the updated beam prediction configuration information. For example, the one or more beam measurements can be obtained as the measurements of FIG. 8 obtained by the UE 804, the measurements of FIG. 8 obtained by the UE 806, etc. The beam measurements can be obtained based on beam measurement occasions, such as the occasions 902 of FIG. 9A. In some cases, the beam measurements can be based on measurement resources at configured measurement resource occasions, such as the measurement resources 1150 of FIG. 11.
[0238] At block 1208, the computing device (or component thereof) can transmit one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information. For example, the beam prediction reports can be the same as or similar to the P-CSI reports associated with the P-CSI reporting of FIG. 8 by the UE 804 and / or the UE 806. In some cases, the one or more beam prediction reports transmitted by the computing device can be the same as or similar to the one or more beam prediction reports 1170 of FIG. 11, transmitted by the UE 1104 to the network entity 1105 and based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0239] In some cases, the computing device (or component thereof) can receive a wake-up signal (WUS) corresponding to the DRX on-duration for a next cycle of the plurality of DRX cycles, wherein the WUS indicates the DRX on-duration for the next cycle is an activated DRX on-duration or a deactivated DRX on-duration. For example, the WUS can be the same as or similar to a WUS associated with the WUS monitoring occasions 610-1, 610-02 of FIG. 6A, 710 of FIG. 7, etc.; a WUS associated with the wake-up indication bit 662 and / or field 665 of FIG. 6B, 712 and / or 714 of FIG. 7, etc. In some examples, the WUS can be the same as or similar to the WUS 1015-1, 1017, and / or 1015-3 of FIG. 10.
[0240] In some examples, the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports. The updated beam prediction configuration information can be indicative of a first machine learning model or functionality (e.g., ML / AI model 991 of FIG. 9B) corresponding to beam prediction by the UE during an activated DRX on-duration corresponding to a positive WUS (e.g., condition / parameters 971 of the mapping 950 of FIG. 9B) . The updated beam prediction configuration information can be further indicative of a second machine learning model or functionality (e.g., ML / AI model 992 of FIG. 9B) corresponding to beam prediction by the UE during a deactivated DRX on-duration corresponding to a negative WUS (e.g., condition / parameters 972 of the mapping 950 of FIG. 9B) .
[0241] In some examples, the first machine learning model or functionality is associated with inputs comprising beam measurements of aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) scheduled based on a downlink control information (DCI) during the activated DRX on-duration (e.g., a respective condition / parameter set included in the plurality of conditions / parameter sets 970 of the mapping information 950 of FIG. 9B) . In some cases, the second machine learning model or functionality corresponding to the deactivated DRX on-duration is associated with inputs comprising beam measurements of one or more of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or periodic channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) .
[0242] In some examples, the beam prediction is associated with one or more machine learning models or functionalities implemented by the UE (e.g., the plurality of ML / AI models or functionalities 990 of the mapping information 950 of FIG. 9B) . In some cases, the determination that one or more measurement resource occasions are not within the DRX on-duration comprises a determination that a measurement cycle periodicity associated with the one or more machine learning models or functionalities is shorter than a periodicity associated with the plurality of DRX cycles.
[0243] In some examples, the updated beam prediction configuration information does not indicate an updated selection of a machine learning model or functionality from the one or more machine learning models or functionalities.
[0244] In some cases, to obtain the one or more beam measurements, the computing device (or component thereof) is configured to: obtain respective beam measurements for a first set of measurement resource occasions within the DRX on-duration and skip, based on an indication included in the updated beam prediction configuration information, beam measurement for a second set of measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.
[0245] In some examples, to obtain the one or more beam measurements, the computing device (or component thereof) is configured to obtain respective beam measurements for a first set of measurement resource occasions within the DRX on-duration and obtain, based on an indication included in the updated beam prediction configuration information, respective beam measurements for a second set of measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.
[0246] In some cases, the updated beam prediction configuration information indicates whether the UE will skip or not skip beam measurement for measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration. In some examples, to obtain the updated beam prediction configuration information, the computing device (or component thereof) is configured to: receive, from a network entity, the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0247] In some cases, the computing device (or component thereof) can transmit, to the network entity, information indicative of one or more characteristics of a particular machine learning model associated with the beam prediction performed by the UE. The computing device (or component thereof) can receive the updated beam prediction configuration information based on the one or more characteristics of the particular machine learning model.
[0248] In some examples, the information indicative of the DRX configuration for the UE is received from the network entity. The information indicative of the DRX configuration for the UE can be further indicative of the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0249] In some cases, the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from the network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports. In some examples, the updated beam prediction configuration information is determined by the UE, based on one or more characteristics of a particular machine learning model associated with the beam prediction.
[0250] In some cases, the computing device (or component thereof) can transmit, to a network entity, an indication that the UE will not skip beam measurement for the measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration. In some examples, the beam prediction is associated with one or more machine learning models implemented by the UE, and the updated beam prediction configuration information causes the UE to switch from using a first machine learning model to perform beam prediction to using a second machine learning model to perform beam prediction. In some cases, the first machine learning model is different from the second machine learning model, and wherein the first and second machine learning models are included in the one or more machine learning models implemented by the UE.
[0251] FIG. 13 is a flowchart diagram illustrating an example of a process 1300 for wireless communications. For example, the process 1300 can be a process for wireless communications by a network entity (e.g., a base station, gNB, etc. ) . In some examples, the process 1200 can be performed by a computing device or apparatus or a component or system (e.g., one or more chipsets, one or more processors such as one or more CPUs, DSPs, NPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, etc., any combination thereof, and / or other component or system) of the computing device or apparatus. The operations of the process 1300 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., processor 1610 of FIG. 16 or other processor (s) ) . In some examples, the process 1300 can be performed by a component or system (e.g., a chipset) of a network entity (e.g., a base station, gNB, etc. ) . For instance, the network entity can be the same as or similar to one or more of the base stations 102 of FIG. 1, the mmW base station 180 of FIG. 1, the AP 150 of FIG. 1, the base station 102 of FIG. 2, one or more base stations or network entities of FIG. 3, the base stations 102 of FIG. 5, computing system 1600 of FIG. 16; etc. ) . The operations of the process 1300 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., processor 484 of FIG. 4, processor 1610 of FIG. 16, and / or other processor (s) ) . Further, the transmission and reception of signals by the network entity in the process 1300 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antennas 252 of FIG. 2, antenna 487 of FIG. 4, etc. ) and / or one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceiver (s) 478 of FIG. 4, etc. ) .
[0252] At block 1302, the computing device (or component thereof) can transmit information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for a UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles.
[0253] For example, the network entity 1105 of FIG. 11 can transmit the information 1120 indicative of a DRX configuration change or update for a UE. The information indicative of the DRX configuration can be transmitted to the UE 1104 of FIG. 11.
[0254] At block 1304, the computing device (or component thereof) can obtain updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to UE-side beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles.
[0255] For example, the updated beam prediction configuration information can be the same as or similar to the updated beam prediction configuration information 1130 of FIG. 11. The UE-side beam prediction can be beam prediction performed by the UE 1104, for example using one or more of the plurality of ML / AI models or functionalities 990 of the mapping information 950 of FIG. 9B.
[0256] In some examples, the updated beam, prediction configuration information can be obtained by the network entity based on the signaling 1140 of FIG. 11, where the signaling is indicative of one or more of the updated beam, prediction configuration information or the determination. For example, to obtain the updated beam prediction configuration information, the network entity can receive the updated beam prediction configuration from the UE.
[0257] At block 1306, the computing device (or component thereof) can receive one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information. For example, the one or more beam prediction reports can be the same as or similar to the one or more beam prediction reports 1170 transmitted from the UE 1104 to the network entity 1105 of FIG. 11.
[0258] In some examples, the processes described herein (e.g., process 1200, process 1300, and / or other process described herein) may be performed by a computing device or apparatus (e.g., a network node such as a UE, base station, a portion of a base station, etc. ) . For instance, as noted above, the process 1200 may be performed by a UE and the process 1300 may be performed by a base station or a portion of a base station. In another example, the process 1200 and / or the process 1300 may be performed by a computing device with the computing system 1600 shown in FIG. 16. For instance, a wireless communication device with the computing architecture shown in FIG. 16 may include the components of the UE and may implement the operations of FIG. 12 and / or FIG. 13.
[0259] In some cases, the computing device or apparatus may include various components, such as one or more input devices, one or more output devices, one or more processors, one or more microprocessors, one or more microcomputers, one or more cameras, one or more sensors, and / or other component (s) that are configured to carry out the steps of processes described herein. In some examples, the computing device may include a display, one or more network interfaces configured to communicate and / or receive the data, any combination thereof, and / or other component (s) . The one or more network interfaces may be configured to communicate and / or receive wired and / or wireless data, including data according to the 3G, 4G, 5G, and / or other cellular standard, data according to the WiFi (802.11x) standards, data according to the BluetoothTM standard, data according to the Internet Protocol (IP) standard, and / or other types of data.
[0260] The components of the computing device may be implemented in circuitry. For example, the components may include and / or may be implemented using electronic circuits or other electronic hardware, which may include one or more programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, graphics processing units (GPUs) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , central processing units (CPUs) , and / or other suitable electronic circuits) , and / or may include and / or be implemented using computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof, to perform the various operations described herein.
[0261] The process 1200 and the process 1300 are illustrated as a logical flow diagrams, the operation of which represent a sequence of operations that may be implemented in hardware, computer instructions, or a combination thereof. In the context of computer instructions, the operations represent computer-executable instructions stored on one or more computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the recited operations. Generally, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the like that perform particular functions or implement particular data types. The order in which the operations are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operations may be combined in any order and / or in parallel to implement the processes.
[0262] Additionally, the process 1200, the process 1300, and / or other process described herein, may be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) executing collectively on one or more processors, by hardware, or combinations thereof. As noted above, the code may be stored on a computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, for example, in the form of a computer program comprising a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors. The computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium may be non-transitory.
[0263] FIG. 14 is an illustrative example of a deep learning (DL) neural network 1400 that in some examples can be used to implement one or more machine learning networks and / or machine learning architectures, including those associated with the one or more ML / AI models and / or functionalities for UE-side beam prediction described herein.
[0264] An input layer 1420 includes input data. In one illustrative example, the input layer 1420 can include data representing the pixels of an input video frame. The neural network 1400 includes multiple hidden layers 1422a, 1422b, through 1422n. The hidden layers 1422a, 1422b, through 1422n include “n” number of hidden layers, where “n” is an integer greater than or equal to one. The number of hidden layers can be made to include as many layers as needed for the given application. The neural network 1400 further includes an output layer 1424 that provides an output resulting from the processing performed by the hidden layers 1422a, 1422b, through 1422n. In one illustrative example, the output layer 1424 can provide a classification for an object in an input video frame. The classification can include a class identifying the type of object (e.g., a person, a dog, a cat, or other object) .
[0265] The neural network 1400 is a multi-layer neural network of interconnected nodes. Each node can represent a piece of information. Information associated with the nodes is shared among the different layers and each layer retains information as information is processed. In some cases, the neural network 1400 can include a feed-forward network, in which case there are no feedback connections where outputs of the network are fed back into itself. In some cases, the neural network 1400 can include a recurrent neural network, which can have loops that allow information to be carried across nodes while reading in input.
[0266] Information can be exchanged between nodes through node-to-node interconnections between the various layers. Nodes of the input layer 1420 can activate a set of nodes in the first hidden layer 1422a. For example, as shown, each of the input nodes of the input layer 1420 is connected to each of the nodes of the first hidden layer 1422a. The nodes of the hidden layers 1422a, 1422b, through 1422n can transform the information of each input node by applying activation functions to the information. The information derived from the transformation can then be passed to and can activate the nodes of the next hidden layer 1422b, which can perform their own designated functions. Example functions include convolutional, up-sampling, data transformation, and / or any other suitable functions. The output of the hidden layer 1422b can then activate nodes of the next hidden layer, and so on. The output of the last hidden layer 1422n can activate one or more nodes of the output layer 1424, at which an output is provided. In some cases, while nodes (e.g., node 1426) in the neural network 1400 are shown as having multiple output lines, a node has a single output and all lines shown as being output from a node represent the same output value.
[0267] In some cases, each node or interconnection between nodes can have a weight that is a set of parameters derived from the training of the neural network 1400. Once the neural network 1400 is trained, it can be referred to as a trained neural network, which can be used to classify one or more objects. For example, an interconnection between nodes can represent a piece of information learned about the interconnected nodes. The interconnection can have a tunable numeric weight that can be tuned (e.g., based on a training dataset) , allowing the neural network 1400 to be adaptive to inputs and able to learn as more and more data is processed.
[0268] The neural network 1400 is pre-trained to process the features from the data in the input layer 1420 using the different hidden layers 1422a, 1422b, through 1422n in order to provide the output through the output layer 1424. In an example in which the neural network 1400 is used to identify objects in images, the neural network 1400 can be trained using training data that includes both images and labels. For instance, training images can be input into the network, with each training image having a label indicating the classes of the one or more objects in each image (basically, indicating to the network what the objects are and what features they have) . In one illustrative example, a training image can include an image of a number 2, in which case the label for the image can be [0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] .
[0269] In some cases, the neural network 1400 can adjust the weights of the nodes using a training process called backpropagation. Backpropagation can include a forward pass, a loss function, a backward pass, and a weight update. The forward pass, loss function, backward pass, and parameter update is performed for one training iteration. The process can be repeated for a certain number of iterations for each set of training images until the neural network 1400 is trained well enough so that the weights of the layers are accurately tuned.
[0270] For the example of identifying objects in images, the forward pass can include passing a training image through the neural network 1400. The weights are initially randomized before the neural network 1400 is trained. The image can include, for example, an array of numbers representing the pixels of the image. Each number in the array can include a value from 0 to 255 describing the pixel intensity at that position in the array. In one example, the array can include a 28 x 28 x 3 array of numbers with 28 rows and 28 columns of pixels and 3 color components (such as red, green, and blue, or luma and two chroma components, or the like) .
[0271] For a first training iteration for the neural network 1400, the output will likely include values that do not give preference to any particular class due to the weights being randomly selected at initialization. For example, if the output is a vector with probabilities that the object includes different classes, the probability value for each of the different classes may be equal or at least very similar (e.g., for ten possible classes, each class may have a probability value of 0.1) . With the initial weights, the neural network 1400 is unable to determine low level features and thus cannot make an accurate determination of what the classification of the object might be. A loss function can be used to analyze error in the output. Any suitable loss function definition can be used. One example of a loss function includes a mean squared error (MSE) . The MSE is defined as which calculates the sum of one-half times a ground truth output (e.g., the actual answer) minus the predicted output (e.g., the predicted answer) squared. The loss can be set to be equal to the value of Etotal.
[0272] The loss (or error) will be high for the first training images since the actual values will be much different than the predicted output. The goal of training is to minimize the amount of loss so that the predicted output is the same as the training label. The neural network 1400 can perform a backward pass by determining which inputs (weights) most contributed to the loss of the network, and can adjust the weights so that the loss decreases and is eventually minimized.
[0273] A derivative of the loss with respect to the weights (denoted as dL / dW, where W are the weights at a particular layer) can be computed to determine the weights that contributed most to the loss of the network. After the derivative is computed, a weight update can be performed by updating all the weights of the filters. For example, the weights can be updated so that they change in the opposite direction of the gradient. The weight update can be denoted as where w denotes a weight, wi denotes the initial weight, and η denotes a learning rate. The learning rate can be set to any suitable value, with a high learning rate including larger weight updates and a lower value indicating smaller weight updates.
[0274] The neural network 1400 can include any suitable deep network. One example includes a convolutional neural network (CNN) , which includes an input layer and an output layer, with multiple hidden layers between the input and out layers. An example of a CNN is described below with respect to FIG. 15. The hidden layers of a CNN include a series of convolutional, nonlinear, pooling (for downsampling) , and fully connected layers. The neural network 1400 can include any other deep network other than a CNN, such as an autoencoder, a deep belief nets (DBNs) , a Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) , among others.
[0275] FIG. 15 is an illustrative example of a convolutional neural network 1500 (CNN 1500) . In some aspects, the CNN 1500 can be used to implement one or more machine learning networks and / or machine learning architectures, including those associated with the one or more ML / AI models and / or functionalities for UE-side beam prediction described herein. In example implementations where the CNN 1500 is configured to perform ML / AI-based beam prediction at a UE, the input layer 1520 of the CNN 1500 may include and / or receive data representing one or more beam measurements. In the example of FIG. 15, the input layer 1520 of the CNN 1500 includes data representing an image. For example, the data can include an array of numbers representing the pixels of the image, with each number in the array including a value from 0 to 255 describing the pixel intensity at that position in the array. Using the previous example from above, the array can include a 28 x 28 x 3 array of numbers with 28 rows and 28 columns of pixels and 3 color components (e.g., red, green, and blue, or luma and two chroma components, or the like) . The image can be passed through a convolutional hidden layer 1522a, an optional non-linear activation layer, a pooling hidden layer 1522b, and fully connected hidden layers 1522c to get an output at the output layer 1524. While only one of each hidden layer is shown in FIG. 15, one of ordinary skill will appreciate that multiple convolutional hidden layers, non-linear layers, pooling hidden layers, and / or fully connected layers can be included in the CNN 1500. As previously described, the output can indicate a single class of an object or can include a probability of classes that best describe the object in the image.
[0276] The first layer of the CNN 1500 is the convolutional hidden layer 1522a. The convolutional hidden layer 1522a analyzes the image data of the input layer 1520. Each node of the convolutional hidden layer 1522a is connected to a region of nodes (pixels) of the input image called a receptive field. The convolutional hidden layer 1522a can be considered as one or more filters (each filter corresponding to a different activation or feature map) , with each convolutional iteration of a filter being a node or neuron of the convolutional hidden layer 1522a. For example, the region of the input image that a filter covers at each convolutional iteration would be the receptive field for the filter. In one illustrative example, if the input image includes a 28×28 array, and each filter (and corresponding receptive field) is a 5×5 array, then there will be 24×24 nodes in the convolutional hidden layer 1522a. Each connection between a node and a receptive field for that node learns a weight and, in some cases, an overall bias such that each node learns to analyze its particular local receptive field in the input image. Each node of the hidden layer 1522a will have the same weights and bias (called a shared weight and a shared bias) . For example, the filter has an array of weights (numbers) and the same depth as the input. A filter will have a depth of 3 for the video frame example (according to three color components of the input image) . An illustrative example size of the filter array is 5 x 5 x 3, corresponding to a size of the receptive field of a node.
[0277] The convolutional nature of the convolutional hidden layer 1522a is due to each node of the convolutional layer being applied to its corresponding receptive field. For example, a filter of the convolutional hidden layer 1522a can begin in the top-left corner of the input image array and can convolve around the input image. As noted above, each convolutional iteration of the filter can be considered a node or neuron of the convolutional hidden layer 1522a. At each convolutional iteration, the values of the filter are multiplied with a corresponding number of the original pixel values of the image (e.g., the 5x5 filter array is multiplied by a 5x5 array of input pixel values at the top-left corner of the input image array) . The multiplications from each convolutional iteration can be summed together to obtain a total sum for that iteration or node. The process is next continued at a next location in the input image according to the receptive field of a next node in the convolutional hidden layer 1522a.
[0278] For example, a filter can be moved by a step amount to the next receptive field. The step amount can be set to 1 or other suitable amount. For example, if the step amount is set to 1, the filter will be moved to the right by 1 pixel at each convolutional iteration. Processing the filter at each unique location of the input volume produces a number representing the filter results for that location, resulting in a total sum value being determined for each node of the convolutional hidden layer 1522a.
[0279] The mapping from the input layer to the convolutional hidden layer 1522a is referred to as an activation map (or feature map) . The activation map includes a value for each node representing the filter results at each locations of the input volume. The activation map can include an array that includes the various total sum values resulting from each iteration of the filter on the input volume. For example, the activation map will include a 24 x 24 array if a 5 x 5 filter is applied to each pixel (a step amount of 1) of a 28 x 28 input image. The convolutional hidden layer 1522a can include several activation maps in order to identify multiple features in an image. The example shown in FIG. 15 includes three activation maps. Using three activation maps, the convolutional hidden layer 1522a can detect three different kinds of features, with each feature being detectable across the entire image.
[0280] In some examples, a non-linear hidden layer can be applied after the convolutional hidden layer 1522a. The non-linear layer can be used to introduce non-linearity to a system that has been computing linear operations. One illustrative example of a non-linear layer is a rectified linear unit (ReLU) layer. A ReLU layer can apply the function f (x) = max (0, x) to all of the values in the input volume, which changes all the negative activations to 0. The ReLU can thus increase the non-linear properties of the CNN 1500 without affecting the receptive fields of the convolutional hidden layer 1522a.
[0281] The pooling hidden layer 1522b can be applied after the convolutional hidden layer 1522a (and after the non-linear hidden layer when used) . The pooling hidden layer 1522b is used to simplify the information in the output from the convolutional hidden layer 1522a. For example, the pooling hidden layer 1522b can take each activation map output from the convolutional hidden layer 1522a and generates a condensed activation map (or feature map) using a pooling function. Max-pooling is one example of a function performed by a pooling hidden layer. Other forms of pooling functions be used by the pooling hidden layer 1522a, such as average pooling, L2-norm pooling, or other suitable pooling functions. A pooling function (e.g., a max-pooling filter, an L2-norm filter, or other suitable pooling filter) is applied to each activation map included in the convolutional hidden layer 1522a. In the example shown in FIG. 15, three pooling filters are used for the three activation maps in the convolutional hidden layer 1522a.
[0282] In some examples, max-pooling can be used by applying a max-pooling filter (e.g., having a size of 2x2) with a step amount (e.g., equal to a dimension of the filter, such as a step amount of 2) to an activation map output from the convolutional hidden layer 1522a. The output from a max-pooling filter includes the maximum number in every sub-region that the filter convolves around. Using a 2x2 filter as an example, each unit in the pooling layer can summarize a region of 2×2 nodes in the previous layer (with each node being a value in the activation map) . For example, four values (nodes) in an activation map will be analyzed by a 2x2 max-pooling filter at each iteration of the filter, with the maximum value from the four values being output as the “max” value. If such a max-pooling filter is applied to an activation filter from the convolutional hidden layer 1522a having a dimension of 24x24 nodes, the output from the pooling hidden layer 1522b will be an array of 12x12 nodes.
[0283] In some examples, an L2-norm pooling filter could also be used. The L2-norm pooling filter includes computing the square root of the sum of the squares of the values in the 2×2 region (or other suitable region) of an activation map (instead of computing the maximum values as is done in max-pooling) , and using the computed values as an output.
[0284] Intuitively, the pooling function (e.g., max-pooling, L2-norm pooling, or other pooling function) determines whether a given feature is found anywhere in a region of the image, and discards the exact positional information. This can be done without affecting results of the feature detection because, once a feature has been found, the exact location of the feature is not as important as its approximate location relative to other features. Max-pooling (as well as other pooling methods) offer the benefit that there are many fewer pooled features, thus reducing the number of parameters needed in later layers of the CNN 1500.
[0285] The final layer of connections in the network is a fully-connected layer that connects every node from the pooling hidden layer 1522b to every one of the output nodes in the output layer 1524. Using the example above, the input layer includes 28 x 28 nodes encoding the pixel intensities of the input image, the convolutional hidden layer 1522a includes 3×24×24 hidden feature nodes based on application of a 5×5 local receptive field (for the filters) to three activation maps, and the pooling layer 1522b includes a layer of 3×12×12 hidden feature nodes based on application of max-pooling filter to 2×2 regions across each of the three feature maps. Extending this example, the output layer 1524 can include ten output nodes. In such an example, every node of the 3x12x12 pooling hidden layer 1522b is connected to every node of the output layer 1524.
[0286] The fully connected layer 1522c can obtain the output of the previous pooling layer 1522b (which should represent the activation maps of high-level features) and determines the features that most correlate to a particular class. For example, the fully connected layer 1522c layer can determine the high-level features that most strongly correlate to a particular class, and can include weights (nodes) for the high-level features. A product can be computed between the weights of the fully connected layer 1522c and the pooling hidden layer 1522b to obtain probabilities for the different classes. For example, if the CNN 1500 is being used to predict that an object in a video frame is a person, high values will be present in the activation maps that represent high-level features of people (e.g., two legs are present, a face is present at the top of the object, two eyes are present at the top left and top right of the face, a nose is present in the middle of the face, a mouth is present at the bottom of the face, and / or other features common for a person) .
[0287] In some examples, the output from the output layer 1524 can include an M-dimensional vector (in the prior example, M=10) , where M can include the number of classes that the program has to choose from when classifying the object in the image. Other example outputs can also be provided. Each number in the N-dimensional vector can represent the probability the object is of a certain class. In one illustrative example, if a 10-dimensional output vector represents ten different classes of objects is [0 0 0.05 0.8 0 0.15 0 0 0 0] , the vector indicates that there is a 5%probability that the image is the third class of object (e.g., a dog) , an 110%probability that the image is the fourth class of object (e.g., a human) , and a 15%probability that the image is the sixth class of object (e.g., a kangaroo) . The probability for a class can be considered a confidence level that the object is part of that class.
[0288] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for implementing certain aspects of the present technology. In particular, FIG. 16 illustrates an example of computing system 1600, which may be for example any computing device making up internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any component thereof in which the components of the system are in communication with each other using connection 1605. Connection 1605 may be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection into processor 1610, such as in a chipset architecture. Connection 1605 may also be a virtual connection, networked connection, or logical connection.
[0289] In some aspects, computing system 1600 is a distributed system in which the functions described in this disclosure may be distributed within a datacenter, multiple data centers, a peer network, etc. In some aspects, one or more of the described system components represents many such components each performing some or all of the function for which the component is described. In some aspects, the components may be physical or virtual devices.
[0290] Example system 1600 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 1610 and connection 1605 that communicatively couples various system components including system memory 1615, such as read-only memory (ROM) 1620 and random access memory (RAM) 1625 to processor 1610. Computing system 1600 may include a cache 1612 of high-speed memory connected directly with, in close proximity to, or integrated as part of processor 1610.
[0291] Processor 1610 may include any general-purpose processor and a hardware service or software service, such as services 1632, 1634, and 1636 stored in storage device 1630, configured to control processor 1610 as well as a special-purpose processor where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 1610 may essentially be a completely self-contained computing system, containing multiple cores or processors, a bus, memory controller, cache, etc. A multi-core processor may be symmetric or asymmetric.
[0292] To enable user interaction, computing system 1600 includes an input device 1645, which may represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for speech, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, keyboard, mouse, motion input, speech, etc. Computing system 1600 may also include output device 1635, which may be one or more of a number of output mechanisms. In some instances, multimodal systems may enable a user to provide multiple types of input / output to communicate with computing system 1600.
[0293] Computing system 1600 may include communications interface 1640, which may generally govern and manage the user input and system output. The communication interface may perform or facilitate receipt and / or transmission wired or wireless communications using wired and / or wireless transceivers, including those making use of an audio jack / plug, a microphone jack / plug, a universal serial bus (USB) port / plug, an AppleTM LightningTM port / plug, an Ethernet port / plug, a fiber optic port / plug, a proprietary wired port / plug, 3G, 4G, 5G and / or other cellular data network wireless signal transfer, a BluetoothTM wireless signal transfer, a BluetoothTM low energy (BLE) wireless signal transfer, an IBEACONTM wireless signal transfer, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) wireless signal transfer, near-field communications (NFC) wireless signal transfer, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) wireless signal transfer, 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless signal transfer, wireless local area network (WLAN) signal transfer, Visible Light Communication (VLC) , Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) , Infrared (IR) communication wireless signal transfer, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) signal transfer, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) signal transfer, ad-hoc network signal transfer, radio wave signal transfer, microwave signal transfer, infrared signal transfer, visible light signal transfer, ultraviolet light signal transfer, wireless signal transfer along the electromagnetic spectrum, or some combination thereof. The communications interface 1640 may also include one or more Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers or transceivers that are used to determine a location of the computing system 1600 based on receipt of one or more signals from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the US-based Global Positioning System (GPS) , the Russia-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) , the China-based BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) , and the Europe-based Galileo GNSS. There is no restriction on operating on any particular hardware arrangement, and therefore the basic features here may easily be substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.
[0294] Storage device 1630 may be a non-volatile and / or non-transitory and / or computer-readable memory device and may be a hard disk or other types of computer readable media which may store data that are accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, solid state memory devices, digital versatile disks, cartridges, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, magnetic tape, a magnetic strip / stripe, any other magnetic storage medium, flash memory, memristor memory, any other solid-state memory, a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) optical disc, a rewritable compact disc (CD) optical disc, digital video disk (DVD) optical disc, a blu-ray disc (BDD) optical disc, a holographic optical disk, another optical medium, a secure digital (SD) card, a micro secure digital (microSD) card, a Memory card, a smartcard chip, a EMV chip, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a mini / micro / nano / pico SIM card, another integrated circuit (IC) chip / card, random access memory (RAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash EPROM (FLASHEPROM) , cache memory (e.g., Level 1 (L1) cache, Level 2 (L2) cache, Level 3 (L3) cache, Level 4 (L4) cache, Level 5 (L5) cache, or other (L#) cache) , resistive random-access memory (RRAM / ReRAM) , phase change memory (PCM) , spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) , another memory chip or cartridge, and / or a combination thereof.
[0295] The storage device 1630 may include software services, servers, services, etc., that when the code that defines such software is executed by the processor 1610, it causes the system to perform a function. In some aspects, a hardware service that performs a particular function may include the software component stored in a computer-readable medium in connection with the necessary hardware components, such as processor 1610, connection 1605, output device 1635, etc., to carry out the function. The term “computer-readable medium” includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other mediums capable of storing, containing, or carrying instruction (s) and / or data. A computer-readable medium may include a non-transitory medium in which data may be stored and that does not include carrier waves and / or transitory electronic signals propagating wirelessly or over wired connections. Examples of a non-transitory medium may include, but are not limited to, a magnetic disk or tape, optical storage media such as compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD) , flash memory, memory or memory devices. A computer-readable medium may have stored thereon code and / or machine-executable instructions that may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc., may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, or the like.
[0296] Specific details are provided in the description above to provide a thorough understanding of the aspects and examples provided herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the application is not limited thereto. Thus, while illustrative aspects of the application have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts may be otherwise variously embodied and employed, and that the appended claims are intended to be construed to include such variations, except as limited by the prior art. Various features and aspects of the above-described application may be used individually or jointly. Further, aspects may be utilized in any number of environments and applications beyond those described herein without departing from the broader scope of the specification. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. For the purposes of illustration, methods were described in a particular order. It should be appreciated that in alternate aspects, the methods may be performed in a different order than that described.
[0297] For clarity of explanation, in some instances the present technology may be presented as including individual functional blocks comprising devices, device components, steps or routines in a method embodied in software, or combinations of hardware and software. Additional components may be used other than those shown in the figures and / or described herein. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the aspects in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the aspects.
[0298] Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0299] Individual aspects may be described above as a process or method which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations may be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination may correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0300] Processes and methods according to the above-described examples may be implemented using computer-executable instructions that are stored or otherwise available from computer-readable media. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions and data which cause or otherwise configure a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or a processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Portions of computer resources used may be accessible over a network. The computer executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, source code. Examples of computer-readable media that may be used to store instructions, information used, and / or information created during methods according to described examples include magnetic or optical disks, flash memory, USB devices provided with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, and so on.
[0301] In some aspects the computer-readable storage devices, mediums, and memories may include a cable or wireless signal containing a bitstream and the like. However, when mentioned, non-transitory computer-readable storage media expressly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals per se.
[0302] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, in some cases depending in part on the particular application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.
[0303] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof, and may take any of a variety of form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks (e.g., a computer-program product) may be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. A processor (s) may perform the necessary tasks. Examples of form factors include laptops, smart phones, mobile phones, tablet devices or other small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rackmount devices, standalone devices, and so on. Functionality described herein also may be embodied in peripherals or add-in cards. Such functionality may also be implemented on a circuit board among different chips or different processes executing in a single device, by way of further example.
[0304] The instructions, media for conveying such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example means for providing the functions described in the disclosure.
[0305] The techniques described herein may also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such techniques may be implemented in any of a variety of devices such as general purposes computers, wireless communication device handsets, or integrated circuit devices having multiple uses including application in wireless communication device handsets and other devices. Any features described as modules or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the techniques may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium comprising program code including instructions that, when executed, performs one or more of the methods, algorithms, and / or operations described above. The computer-readable data storage medium may form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may comprise memory or data storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, and the like. The techniques additionally, or alternatively, may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer, such as propagated signals or waves.
[0306] The program code may be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , general purpose microprocessors, an application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs) , or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Such a processor may be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Accordingly, the term “processor, ” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure, any combination of the foregoing structure, or any other structure or apparatus suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein.
[0307] One of ordinary skill will appreciate that the less than ( “<” ) and greater than ( “>” ) symbols or terminology used herein may be replaced with less than or equal to ( “≤” ) and greater than or equal to ( “≥” ) symbols, respectively, without departing from the scope of this description.
[0308] Where components are described as being “configured to” perform certain operations, such configuration may be accomplished, for example, by designing electronic circuits or other hardware to perform the operation, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform the operation, or any combination thereof.
[0309] The phrase “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” refers to any component that is physically connected to another component either directly or indirectly, and / or any component that is in communication with another component (e.g., connected to the other component over a wired or wireless connection, and / or other suitable communication interface) either directly or indirectly.
[0310] Claim language or other language reciting “at least one of” a set and / or “one or more” of a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set (in any combination) satisfy the claim. For example, claim language reciting “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” means A, B, or A and B. In another example, claim language reciting “at least one of A, B, and C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” means A, B, C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, A and B and C, or any duplicate information or data (e.g., A and A, B and B, C and C, A and A and B, and so on) , or any other ordering, duplication, or combination of A, B, and C. The language “at least one of” a set and / or “one or more” of a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, claim language reciting “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” may mean A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the set of A and B. The phrases “at least one” and “one or more” are used interchangeably herein.
[0311] Claim language or other language reciting “at least one processor configured to, ” “at least one processor being configured to, ” “one or more processors configured to, ” “one or more processors being configured to, ” or the like indicates that one processor or multiple processors (in any combination) can perform the associated operation (s) . For example, claim language reciting “at least one processor configured to: X, Y, and Z” means a single processor can be used to perform operations X, Y, and Z; or that multiple processors are each tasked with a certain subset of operations X, Y, and Z such that together the multiple processors perform X, Y, and Z; or that a group of multiple processors work together to perform operations X, Y, and Z. In another example, claim language reciting “at least one processor configured to: X, Y, and Z” can mean that any single processor may only perform at least a subset of operations X, Y, and Z.
[0312] Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method) , one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function) . Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions.
[0313] Where reference is made to an entity (e.g., any entity or device described herein) performing functions or being configured to perform functions (e.g., steps of a method) , the entity may be configured to cause one or more elements (individually or collectively) to perform the functions. The one or more components of the entity may include at least one memory, at least one processor, at least one communication interface, another component configured to perform one or more (or all) of the functions, and / or any combination thereof. Where reference to the entity performing functions, the entity may be configured to cause one component to perform all functions, or to cause more than one component to collectively perform the functions. When the entity is configured to cause more than one component to collectively perform the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those components (e.g., different functions may be performed by different components) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one component (e.g., different components may perform different sub-functions of a function) .
[0314] Illustrative aspects of the disclosure include:
[0315] Aspect 1. An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for the UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; obtain updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; obtain one or more beam measurements using the updated beam prediction configuration information; and transmit one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0316] Aspect 2. The apparatus of Aspect 1, wherein the information indicative of the DRX configuration causes the UE to transition from a non-DRX mode to a DRX mode, and wherein the DRX on-duration and the plurality of DRX cycles indicated by the DRX configuration are used for the DRX mode.
[0317] Aspect 3. The apparatus of Aspect 2, wherein: the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports; and the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a plurality of mappings between respective DRX parameters and a corresponding machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction performed by the UE.
[0318] Aspect 4. The apparatus of Aspect 3, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of: a first mapping between a first machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction, and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the non-DRX mode; and a second mapping between a second machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction, and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the DRX mode and a determination that each measurement resource occasion associated with the beam prediction is within the DRX on-duration for a respective DRX cycle of the plurality of DRX cycles.
[0319] Aspect 5. The apparatus of Aspect 4, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is further indicative of: a third mapping between a third machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction, and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the DRX mode and the determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles.
[0320] Aspect 6. The apparatus of any of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein: the DRX configuration is indicative of an updated DRX on-duration different from a previous DRX on-duration configured for the UE.
[0321] Aspect 7. The apparatus of Aspect 6, wherein: the one or more measurement resource occasions not within the updated DRX on-duration comprise measurement resource occasions that were within the previous DRX on-duration.
[0322] Aspect 8. The apparatus of any of Aspects 6 to 7, wherein: the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports; and the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a plurality of mappings between different DRX parameters and a corresponding machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction performed by the UE.
[0323] Aspect 9. The apparatus of Aspect 8, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of respective mappings between machine learning models or functionalities for the beam prediction and one or more of different DRX cycle periodicity values or different DRX on-duration values.
[0324] Aspect 10. The apparatus of any of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive a wake-up signal (WUS) corresponding to the DRX on-duration for a next cycle of the plurality of DRX cycles, wherein the WUS indicates the DRX on-duration for the next cycle is an activated DRX on-duration or a deactivated DRX on-duration.
[0325] Aspect 11. The apparatus of Aspect 10, wherein: the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports; the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a first machine learning model or functionality corresponding to beam prediction by the UE during an activated DRX on-duration corresponding to a positive WUS; and the updated beam prediction configuration information is further indicative of a second machine learning model or functionality corresponding to beam prediction by the UE during a deactivated DRX on-duration corresponding to a negative WUS.
[0326] Aspect 12. The apparatus of Aspect 11, wherein: the first machine learning model or functionality is associated with inputs comprising beam measurements of aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) scheduled based on a downlink control information (DCI) during the activated DRX on-duration.
[0327] Aspect 13. The apparatus of any of Aspects 11 to 12, wherein: the second machine learning model or functionality corresponding to the deactivated DRX on-duration is associated with inputs comprising beam measurements of one or more of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or periodic channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) .
[0328] Aspect 14. The apparatus of any of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein: the beam prediction is associated with one or more machine learning models or functionalities implemented by the UE; and the determination that one or more measurement resource occasions are not within the DRX on-duration comprises a determination that a measurement cycle periodicity associated with the one or more machine learning models or functionalities is shorter than a periodicity associated with the plurality of DRX cycles.
[0329] Aspect 15. The apparatus of Aspect 14, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information does not indicate an updated selection of a machine learning model or functionality from the one or more machine learning models or functionalities.
[0330] Aspect 16. The apparatus of Aspect 15, wherein, to obtain the one or more beam measurements, the at least one processor is configured to: obtain respective beam measurements for a first set of measurement resource occasions within the DRX on-duration; and skip, based on an indication included in the updated beam prediction configuration information, beam measurement for a second set of measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.
[0331] Aspect 17. The apparatus of any of Aspects 15 to 16, wherein, to obtain the one or more beam measurements, the at least one processor is configured to: obtain respective beam measurements for a first set of measurement resource occasions within the DRX on-duration; and obtain, based on an indication included in the updated beam prediction configuration information, respective beam measurements for a second set of measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.
[0332] Aspect 18. The apparatus of any of Aspects 15 to 17, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information indicates whether the UE will skip or not skip beam measurement for measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.
[0333] Aspect 19. The apparatus of Aspect 18, wherein, to obtain the updated beam prediction configuration information, the at least one processor is configured to: receive, from a network entity, the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0334] Aspect 20. The apparatus of Aspect 19, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: transmit, to the network entity, information indicative of one or more characteristics of a particular machine learning model or functionality associated with the beam prediction performed by the UE; and receive the updated beam prediction configuration information based on the one or more characteristics of the particular machine learning model or functionality.
[0335] Aspect 21. The apparatus of any of Aspects 19 to 20, wherein: the information indicative of the DRX configuration for the UE is received from the network entity; and the information indicative of the DRX configuration for the UE is further indicative of the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0336] Aspect 22. The apparatus of any of Aspects 19 to 21, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from the network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports.
[0337] Aspect 23. The apparatus of any of Aspects 18 to 22, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is determined by the UE, based on one or more characteristics of a particular machine learning model or functionality associated with the beam prediction.
[0338] Aspect 24. The apparatus of Aspect 23, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: transmit, to a network entity, an indication that the UE will not skip beam measurement for the measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.
[0339] Aspect 25. The apparatus of any of Aspects 1 to 24, wherein: the beam prediction is associated with one or more machine learning models or functionalities implemented by the UE; and the updated beam prediction configuration information causes the UE to switch from using a first machine learning model or functionality to perform beam prediction to using a second machine learning model or functionality to perform beam prediction.
[0340] Aspect 26. The apparatus of Aspect 25, wherein the first machine learning model or functionality is different from the second machine learning model or functionality, and wherein the first and second machine learning models or functionalities are included in the one or more machine learning models or functionalities implemented by the UE.
[0341] Aspect 27. The apparatus of any of Aspects 1 to 26, wherein, to determine that one or more measurement resource occasions are not within the DRX on-duration for the one or more DRX cycles, the at least one processor is configured to: determine that one or more measurement resource occasions are within a DRX off-duration for the one or more DRX cycles.
[0342] Aspect 28. A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) , the method comprising: receiving information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for the UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; obtaining updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; obtaining one or more beam measurements using the updated beam prediction configuration information; and transmitting one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0343] Aspect 29. The method of Aspect 28, wherein the information indicative of the DRX configuration causes the UE to transition from a non-DRX mode to a DRX mode, and wherein the DRX on-duration and the plurality of DRX cycles indicated by the DRX configuration are used for the DRX mode.
[0344] Aspect 30. The method of Aspect 29, wherein: the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports; and the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a plurality of mappings between respective DRX parameters and a corresponding machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction performed by the UE.
[0345] Aspect 31. The method of Aspect 30, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of: a first mapping between a first machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction, and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the non-DRX mode; and a second mapping between a second machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction, and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the DRX mode and a determination that each measurement resource occasion associated with the beam prediction is within the DRX on-duration for a respective DRX cycle of the plurality of DRX cycles.
[0346] Aspect 32. The method of Aspect 31, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is further indicative of a third mapping between a third machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction, and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the DRX mode and the determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles.
[0347] Aspect 33. The method of any of Aspects 28 to 32, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of an updated DRX on-duration different from a previous DRX on-duration configured for the UE.
[0348] Aspect 34. The method of Aspect 33, wherein the one or more measurement resource occasions not within the updated DRX on-duration comprise measurement resource occasions that were within the previous DRX on-duration.
[0349] Aspect 35. The method of any of Aspects 33 to 34, wherein: the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports; and the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a plurality of mappings between different DRX parameters and a corresponding machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction performed by the UE.
[0350] Aspect 36. The method of Aspect 35, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of respective mappings between machine learning models or functionalities for the beam prediction and one or more of different DRX cycle periodicity values or different DRX on-duration values.
[0351] Aspect 37. The method of any of Aspects 28 to 36, further comprising receiving a wake-up signal (WUS) corresponding to the DRX on-duration for a next cycle of the plurality of DRX cycles, wherein the WUS indicates the DRX on-duration for the next cycle is an activated DRX on-duration or a deactivated DRX on-duration.
[0352] Aspect 38. The method of Aspect 37, wherein: the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports; the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a first machine learning model or functionality corresponding to beam prediction by the UE during an activated DRX on-duration corresponding to a positive WUS; and the updated beam prediction configuration information is further indicative of a second machine learning model or functionality corresponding to beam prediction by the UE during a deactivated DRX on-duration corresponding to a negative WUS.
[0353] Aspect 39. The method of Aspect 38, wherein the first machine learning model or functionality is associated with inputs comprising beam measurements of aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) scheduled based on a downlink control information (DCI) during the activated DRX on-duration.
[0354] Aspect 40. The method of any of Aspects 38 to 39, wherein the second machine learning model or functionality corresponding to the deactivated DRX on-duration is associated with inputs comprising beam measurements of one or more of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or periodic channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) .
[0355] Aspect 41. The method of any of Aspects 28 to 40, wherein: the beam prediction is associated with one or more machine learning models or functionalities implemented by the UE; and the determination that one or more measurement resource occasions are not within the DRX on-duration comprises a determination that a measurement cycle periodicity associated with the one or more machine learning models or functionalities is shorter than a periodicity associated with the plurality of DRX cycles.
[0356] Aspect 42. The method of Aspect 41, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information does not indicate an updated selection of a machine learning model or functionality from the one or more machine learning models or functionalities.
[0357] Aspect 43. The method of Aspect 42, wherein obtaining the one or more beam measurements includes: obtaining respective beam measurements for a first set of measurement resource occasions within the DRX on-duration; and skipping, based on an indication included in the updated beam prediction configuration information, beam measurement for a second set of measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.
[0358] Aspect 44. The method of any of Aspects 42 to 43, wherein obtaining the one or more beam measurements includes: obtaining respective beam measurements for a first set of measurement resource occasions within the DRX on-duration; and obtaining, based on an indication included in the updated beam prediction configuration information, respective beam measurements for a second set of measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.
[0359] Aspect 45. The method of any of Aspects 42 to 44, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information indicates whether the UE will skip or not skip beam measurement for measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.
[0360] Aspect 46. The method of Aspect 45, wherein obtaining the updated beam prediction configuration information includes: receiving, from a network entity, the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0361] Aspect 47. The method of Aspect 46, further comprising: transmitting, to the network entity, information indicative of one or more characteristics of a particular machine learning model or functionality associated with the beam prediction performed by the UE; and receiving the updated beam prediction configuration information based on the one or more characteristics of the particular machine learning model or functionality.
[0362] Aspect 48. The method of any of Aspects 46 to 47, wherein: the information indicative of the DRX configuration for the UE is received from the network entity; and the information indicative of the DRX configuration for the UE is further indicative of the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0363] Aspect 49. The method of any of Aspects 46 to 48, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from the network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports.
[0364] Aspect 50. The method of any of Aspects 45 to 49, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is determined by the UE, based on one or more characteristics of a particular machine learning model or functionality associated with the beam prediction.
[0365] Aspect 51. The method of Aspect 50, further comprising transmitting, to a network entity, an indication that the UE will not skip beam measurement for the measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.
[0366] Aspect 52. The method of any of Aspects 28 to 51, wherein: the beam prediction is associated with one or more machine learning models or functionalities implemented by the UE; and the updated beam prediction configuration information causes the UE to switch from using a first machine learning model or functionality to perform beam prediction to using a second machine learning model or functionality to perform beam prediction.
[0367] Aspect 53. The method of Aspect 52, wherein the first machine learning model or functionality is different from the second machine learning model or functionality, and wherein the first and second machine learning models or functionalities are included in the one or more machine learning models or functionalities implemented by the UE.
[0368] Aspect 54. The method of any of Aspects 28 to 53, wherein determining that one or more measurement resource occasions are not within the DRX on-duration for the one or more DRX cycles includes: determining that one or more measurement resource occasions are within a DRX off-duration for the one or more DRX cycles.
[0369] Aspect 55. An apparatus of a network entity for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: transmit information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for a UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; obtain updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to UE-side beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; and receive one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0370] Aspect 56. A method for wireless communication by a network entity, the method comprising: transmitting information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for a UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles; obtaining updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to UE-side beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; and receiving one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.
[0371] Aspect 57. A method for wireless communication, comprising performing operations according to any of Aspects 1 to 27.
[0372] Aspect 58. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform operations according to any of Aspects 1 to 27.
[0373] Aspect 59. An apparatus for wireless communication comprising one or more means for performing operations according to any of Aspects 1 to 27.
[0374] Aspect 60. An apparatus for wireless communication comprising one or more means for performing operations according to any of Aspects 28 to 56.
Claims
1.An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:receive information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for the UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles;obtain updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles;obtain one or more beam measurements using the updated beam prediction configuration information; andtransmit one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information indicative of the DRX configuration causes the UE to transition from a non-DRX mode to a DRX mode, and wherein the DRX on-duration and the plurality of DRX cycles indicated by the DRX configuration are used for the DRX mode.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports; andthe updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a plurality of mappings between respective DRX parameters and a corresponding machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction performed by the UE.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of:a first mapping between a first machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction, and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the non-DRX mode; anda second mapping between a second machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction, and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the DRX mode and a determination that each measurement resource occasion associated with the beam prediction is within the DRX on-duration for a respective DRX cycle of the plurality of DRX cycles.5.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is further indicative of:a third mapping between a third machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction, and respective DRX parameters corresponding to the DRX mode and the determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the DRX configuration is indicative of an updated DRX on-duration different from a previous DRX on-duration configured for the UE.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:the one or more measurement resource occasions not within the updated DRX on-duration comprise measurement resource occasions that were within the previous DRX on-duration.8.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports; andthe updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a plurality of mappings between different DRX parameters and a corresponding machine learning model or functionality for the beam prediction performed by the UE.9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of respective mappings between machine learning models or functionalities for the beam prediction and one or more of different DRX cycle periodicity values or different DRX on-duration values.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:receive a wake-up signal (WUS) corresponding to the DRX on-duration for a next cycle of the plurality of DRX cycles, wherein the WUS indicates the DRX on-duration for the next cycle is an activated DRX on-duration or a deactivated DRX on-duration.11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:the updated beam prediction configuration information is included in a configuration message or activation message received from a network entity and corresponding to the one or more beam prediction reports;the updated beam prediction configuration information is indicative of a first machine learning model or functionality corresponding to beam prediction by the UE during an activated DRX on-duration corresponding to a positive WUS; andthe updated beam prediction configuration information is further indicative of a second machine learning model or functionality corresponding to beam prediction by the UE during a deactivated DRX on-duration corresponding to a negative WUS.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:the first machine learning model or functionality is associated with inputs comprising beam measurements of aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) scheduled based on a downlink control information (DCI) during the activated DRX on-duration.13.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:the second machine learning model or functionality corresponding to the deactivated DRX on-duration is associated with inputs comprising beam measurements of one or more of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or periodic channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) .14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the beam prediction is associated with one or more machine learning models or functionalities implemented by the UE; andthe determination that one or more measurement resource occasions are not within the DRX on-duration comprises a determination that a measurement cycle periodicity associated with the one or more machine learning models or functionalities is shorter than a periodicity associated with the plurality of DRX cycles.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information does not indicate an updated selection of a machine learning model or functionality from the one or more machine learning models or functionalities.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein, to obtain the one or more beam measurements, the at least one processor is configured to:obtain respective beam measurements for a first set of measurement resource occasions within the DRX on-duration; andskip, based on an indication included in the updated beam prediction configuration information, beam measurement for a second set of measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.17.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein, to obtain the one or more beam measurements, the at least one processor is configured to:obtain respective beam measurements for a first set of measurement resource occasions within the DRX on-duration; andobtain, based on an indication included in the updated beam prediction configuration information, respective beam measurements for a second set of measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.18.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information indicates whether the UE will skip or not skip beam measurement for measurement resource occasions not within the DRX on-duration.19.A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) , the method comprising:receiving information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for the UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles;obtaining updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles;obtaining one or more beam measurements using the updated beam prediction configuration information; andtransmitting one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.20.An apparatus of a network entity for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:transmit information indicative of a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration for a UE, wherein the DRX configuration is indicative of a DRX on-duration for a plurality of DRX cycles;obtain updated beam prediction configuration information corresponding to UE-side beam prediction performed by the UE, wherein the updated beam prediction configuration information is obtained in response to a determination that one or more measurement resource occasions associated with the beam prediction are not within the DRX on-duration for one or more DRX cycles of the plurality of DRX cycles; andreceive one or more beam prediction reports based on the one or more beam measurements and using the updated beam prediction configuration information.