Devices and methods for communication
The communication method and device enhance ambient IoT devices by enabling backscattering transmission of energy and channel information, addressing channel and signal format challenges for battery-less devices and facilitating efficient data exchange.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/082830
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing ambient IoT devices face challenges in enhancing channel and signal formats, particularly for battery-less or energy storage-disabled devices that rely on backscattering transmission.
A communication method and device that enable a first communication device to transmit energy or channel information via backscattering in response to an ambient IoT signal, allowing a second communication device to inform the first device about channel information for backscattering transmission.
Enables efficient communication by informing the second device about the channel information of the first device, facilitating effective backscattering transmission and data exchange.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024082830_25092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for backscattering transmission of ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.BACKGROUND
[0003] In recent years, IoT has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. IoT technologies are expected to drastically change landscape of various industries. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies of supporting battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. Thus, ambient IoT (AIoT) is proposed, which is a promising field in some communication systems such as the 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G) new radio (NR) . The ambient IoT refers to the IoT without power and energy sources. Specifically, the ambient IoT terminal node, which is also referred to as an ambient IoT device or tag, obtains energy from the environment. For example, an ambient IoT device may capture and collect energy by collecting radio waves to complete data collection, transmission and distributed computing, etc.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage medium for backscattering transmission of ambient IoT device.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: in response to receiving an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmit, to the second communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: in response to receiving a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmit, to the second communication device, a backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure to the second communication device, wherein the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a second communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second communication to: transmit, to a first communication device, an ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal; and receive, from the first communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a second communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second communication device to: transmit, to a first communication device, a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal; and receive, from the first communication device, a backscattering transmission based on the first ambient IoT signal, the backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure from the first communication device to the second communication device, wherein the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first communication device. The method comprises: in response to receiving an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmitting, to the second communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first communication device. The method comprises: in response to receiving a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmitting, to the second communication device, a backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure to the second communication device, wherein the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second communication device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first communication device, an ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal; and receiving, from the first communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second communication device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first communication device, a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal; and receiving, from the first communication device, a backscattering transmission based on the first ambient IoT signal, the backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure from the first communication device to the second communication device, wherein the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth aspect.
[0014] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0016] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0017] FIG. 1B illustrates another example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0018] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling flow of backscattering transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 3A illustrates an overview of a MAC structure;
[0020] FIG. 3B illustrates a user plane protocol stack;
[0021] FIG. 3C illustrates a control plane protocol stack;
[0022] FIG. 4A illustrates an example of a downlink MAC PDU;
[0023] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of an uplink MAC PDU;
[0024] FIG. 5A illustrates an example of MAC PDU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 5B illustrates another example of MAC PDU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 5C illustrates another example of MAC PDU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 5D illustrates another example of MAC PDU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 5E illustrates another example of MAC PDU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 6A illustrates an example of a physical layer signal in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 6B illustrates another example of a physical layer signal in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 6C illustrates an example of MAC PDU supporting multiplexing in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 6D illustrates an example of a plurality of MAC PDUs in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 7 illustrates another signaling flow of backscattering transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 8 illustrates another signaling flow of backscattering transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 9 illustrates another signaling flow of backscattering transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of another method implemented at a first communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of another method implemented at a second communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0040] FIG. 14 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0041] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0043] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0044] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further have ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0045] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0046] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0047] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0048] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0049] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0050] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0051] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0052] As used herein, the term “traffic” may be referred to as “data traffic” or “data” . The term “traffic type” may be referred to as “data traffic type” or “data type” .
[0053] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a first communication device 110 communicates with a second communication device 120. The first communication device 110 may be a battery-less device, an energy storage disabled device, or a device with limited energy storage capability, such as an ambient IoT device.
[0054] As used herein, the term “ambient IoT device” may be referred to as a “passive device” , “passive IoT” , “IoT device” , “A-IoT device” , “AIoT device” or the like. Examples of the ambient IoT device may include but not limited to tags, sensors, radio frequency (RF) components, or the like. The ambient IoT device may not necessarily be able to generate signals independently, and may have very low or even no energy storage capacity. The energy for the ambient IoT device may be provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power source that could be seen suitable.
[0055] In some embodiments, the first communication device 110 has no energy storage, no independent signal generation or amplification. The first communication device 110 may support a backscattering transmission. Such first communication device 110 may be referred to as “Device A” or “Device type A” . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first communication device 110 supporting the backscattering transmission may has energy storage, but no independent signal generation. Such first communication device 110 may be referred to as “Device B” or “Device type B” . In some following embodiments, the first communication device 110 may be a Device A or a Device B.
[0056] In FIG. 1A, the second communication device 120 may transmit an ambient IoT signal to the first communication device 110. The second communication device 120 may be a network device such as a base station, a relay, or an IAB device, a terminal device such as UE, or any other suitable device. The first communication device 110 may perform a backscattering transmission based on the ambient IoT signal. For example, the first communication device 110 may collect or harvest energy from the ambient IoT signal and use the collected energy to transmit the backscattering transmission. As used herein, the term “ambient IoT signal” may be referred to as an “ambient IoT data” , “ambient IoT signaling” , “harvesting signal” , “carrier wave (CW) ” , “inventory signal” , or “command” . The ambient IoT signal may be a physical layer (PHY) signal.
[0057] In embodiments where the second communicate device 120 being a network device such as a base station, the first communication device 110 may directly and bidirectionally communicate with the base station. The topology of the first communication device 110 and the second communication device 120 shown in FIG. 1A may be referred to as a “Topology 1” .
[0058] FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram of another example communication environment 150 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. Similar to FIG. 1A, in the communication environment 150, the first communication device 110 communicates with the second communication device 120. For example, the second communication device 120 may transmit an ambient IoT signal to the first communication device 110, and receive a backscattering transmission from the first communication device 110.
[0059] Different from FIG. 1A, in FIG. 1B, the second communication device 120 may be an intermediate device (also referred to as an intermediate node) which communicates with a third communicate device 160 for example via Uu interface. The third communication device 160 may be a network device such as a base station or a terminal device. For example, the third communication device 160 may transmit a signal to the second communication device 120. The second communication device 120 may transmit the ambient IoT signal to the first communication device 110 based on the signal from the third communication device 160. The second communication device 120 may receive a backscattering transmission from the first communication device 110 and forward the backscattering transmission to the third communication device 160. By way of example, the third communication device 160 may be a relay, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, or any suitable device supporting ambient IoT.
[0060] In this way, the first communication device 110 such as an ambient IoT may communicate bidirectionally with the immediate node between the ambient IoT device and the third communication device such as the base station. The topology of the first communication device 110, the second communication device 120 and the third communication device 160 shown in FIG. 1B may be referred to as a “Topology 2” .
[0061] As used herein, the second communication device 120 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B may also be referred to as a “ambient IoT device reader” , “passive device reader” , “IoT device reader” or “reader” . It is to be understood that the number of devices as shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B is for purpose of illustration without any limitation. In embodiments of the present disclosure, there may be more or less devices.
[0062] In some example embodiments, a link from the second communication device 120 to the first communication device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the first communication device 110 to the second communication device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the second communication device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the first communication device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the first communication device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the second communication device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0063] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0064] In the communication environ 100 or the communication environment 150, several use cases on ambient IoT are supported. An example use case may be a use case of indoor inventory such as a use case on ambient IoT on automated warehousing. Specifically, for such use case, when the goods are placed on shelves in the warehouse and have been stored for a certain period of time, the management platform starts the indoor inventory task periodically for double check of the goods (total goods or per different batch / group) , and generates a list of tags to be inventoried, sends the list to the 5G network. The 5G network receives the list and sends large-scale / specified inventory signals. The Ambient IoT device in the 5G network coverage may establish communication with the network. The 5G network may interact with the corresponding devices according to the inventory requirements to obtain goods information. The 5G network may send the acquired goods information to the management platform. During these procedures, the read operation may involve device-originated (DO) device-terminated triggered (DTT) traffic.
[0065] Another use case may be for indoor command, such as a use case on online modification of medical instruments status. In such use case, through 5G network and the IoT device, the medical instrument information (such as the serial number of the instrument, usage status, usage records, years of use, integrity, or the like) may be remotely read, modified and written by the medical instrument management platform. During these procedures, the write or modifying operation may involve a device-terminated (DT) traffic, and the read operation may involve a DO-DTT traffic.
[0066] It is to be understood that these described use cases are only for purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. Any suitable use case may be supported by embodiments of the present disclosure. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0067] However, although some works have been studied for the ambient IoT device, the ambient IoT device still needs to be enhanced. For example, channels and signal formats of a layer of the ambient IoT device need to be studied.
[0068] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for backscattering transmission for a communication device such as an A-IoT device. In the solution, a second communication device such as a reader for an ambient IoT device transmit an ambient IoT signal to a first communication device such as an ambient IoT device. In response to receiving the ambient IoT signal, the first communication device transmits, to the second communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device. In this way, the second communication device such as the reader can be informed about the channel information of the channel for the backscattering transmission.
[0069] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0070] Reference is made to FIG. 2, which illustrates a signaling flow 200 of backscattering transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 200 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B and / or FIG. 1B.
[0071] As shown, the second communication device 120 transmits (210) an ambient IoT signal to the first communication device 110. The first communication device 110 receives (220) the ambient IoT signal. The second communication device 120 may be a network device, a terminal device, or an immediate node between the first communication device 110 and a network device or a terminal device.
[0072] In response to receiving (220) the ambient IoT device, the first communication device 110 transmits (230) , to the second communication device 120 via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device 110, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device 110. That is, the first communication device 110 transmits a backscattering transmission to the second communication device 120, and the backscattering transmission comprising at least one of the energy information or the channel information of the first communication device 110.
[0073] As mentioned, the backscattering transmission may include the channel information of the at least one channel of the first communication device 110. The at least one channel may include at least one medium access control (MAC) channel. The at least one channel or the at least one MAC channel may correspond to at least one service access point (SAP) between a MAC layer and at least one of: a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or an application layer of the first communication device 110. As used herein, the application layer may be a non-access stratum (NAS) layer, or any other suitable application layer. As used herein, the term “MAC layer” may be referred to as a “layer 2 (L2) ” , “MAC sublayer” , “AIoT MAC layer” , “AIoT L2 layer” or the like. The term “MAC channel” may be referred to as a “L2 channel” , “logical channel” , “AIoT MAC channel” , “AIoT L2 channel” , or “SAP between MAC and SDAP or application layer” , or the like. In the following descriptions, the at least one channel of the first communication device 110 may refer to at least one MAC channel or L2 channel.
[0074] FIG. 3A illustrates an overview of a structure 300 of a MAC entity. The structure 300 of the MAC entity may be applied in case that a secondary cell group (SCG) is not configured and for each MAC entity during a dual-active protocol stack (DAPS) handover (HO) . In the structure 300, there is a plurality of SAPs, such as the SAP 302 as shown. The one or more SAPs in the structure 300 may correspond to one or more MAC channels of the first communication device 110.
[0075] FIG. 3B illustrates a diagram 320 of a user plane protocol stack between an AIoT device and a reader of the AIoT device (such as a gNB or UE) for topology 1 or between the AIoT device and an intermediate node for topology 2. The interface between the AIoT device and gNB / UE / intermediate node may use the shown user plane protocol stack. In embodiments where the first communication device 110 comprises an Ambient IoT device and the second communication device 120 comprises a gNB or UE or an intermediate node, the MAC channel may include a channel between the MAC layer 322 and the SDAP layer 324. At least one of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer or a radio link control (RLC) layer may be removed from the first communication device 110 and the second communication device 120.
[0076] Additionally, the SDAP layer may also be removed. In embodiments where the SDAP layer is removed from the AIoT device and the gNB / UE / intermediate node, the MAC channel may include a channel between the MAC layer 322 and upper layer, such as the application layer. It is to be understood that these layers shown in FIG. 3B are for the AIoT device. For example, the SDAP layer 324 may be referred to as an AIoT SDAP layer, the MAC layer 322 may be referred to as an AIoT MAC layer, the PDCP layer may be referred to as an AIoT PDCP layer, the RLC layer may be referred to as an AIoT RLC layer, and the PHY layer may be referred to as an AIoT PHY layer.
[0077] FIG. 3C illustrates a diagram 340 of a control plane protocol stack between an access and mobility management function (AMF) , an AIoT device and a reader of the AIoT device (such as a gNB or UE) or an intermediate node. The interface between Ambient IoT device and gNB / intermediate node may use the shown control plane protocol stack. In embodiments where the first communication device 110 comprises an AIoT device and the second communication device comprises a gNB or intermediate node, the MAC channel may include a channel between the MAC layer 342 and the NAS layer 344. At least one of the PDCP layer, the RRC layer, or the RLC layer may be removed from the first communication device 110 and the second communication device 120, as well.
[0078] In embodiments where the RRC layer is removed, the MAC channel may include a channel between the MAC layer 322 and upper layer, such as the application layer. It is to be understood that these layers shown in FIG. 3C are for the AIoT device. For example, the NAS layer 344 may be referred to as an AIoT NAS layer, the MAC layer 342 may be referred to as an AIoT MAC layer, the PDCP layer may be referred to as an AIoT PDCP layer, the RLC layer may be referred to as an AIoT RLC layer, the RRC layer may be referred to as an AIoT RRC layer, and the PHY layer may be referred to as an AIoT PHY layer.
[0079] In some embodiments, the MAC layer or sublayer may support the following functions: mapping between logical channels and transport channels; multiplexing of MAC service data units (SDUs) from one or different logical channels onto transport blocks (TB) to be delivered to the physical layer on transport channels; demultiplexing of MAC SDUs to one or different logical channels from transport blocks (TB) delivered from the physical layer on transport channels; scheduling information reporting; error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) ; logical channel prioritization; priority handling between overlapping resources of one UE; radio resource selection.
[0080] It is to be understood that the illustrated MAC entity structure, user plane protocol stack and the control plane protocol stack are only for purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. Any suitable MAC entity structure or user plane / control plane protocol stack may be applied. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0081] In some embodiments, the at least one channel may include at least one first channel for signaling, such as at least one control channel (CCH) . For example, the at least one first channel may be for at least one of: NAS signaling, or radio resource control (RRC) signaling. As used herein, the term “first channel” may refer to a channel for signaling, which may also be referred to as a “signaling channel” . In some embodiments, the at least one first channel may include at least one of: a common control channel (CCCH) or a dedicated control channel (DCCH) . For example, the at least one first channel may be similar to the CCCH and / or DCCH defined in NR. In some other embodiments, the at least one first channel may include at least one of: a reader-to-device control channel (RDCCH) or a device-to-reader control channel (DRCCH) .
[0082] In some embodiments, the at least one channel may include at least one second channel for traffic. As used herein, the term “second channel” may referred to a channel for traffic or a channel for data, which may also be referred to as a “traffic channel” , or a “data channel” . For example, the second channel may be a traffic channel (TCH) in NR. In some other embodiments, the at least one second channel may include at least one of: a reader-to-device traffic channel (RDTCH) or a device-to-reader control channel (DRTCH) .
[0083] In some embodiments, the at least one second channel is for at least one traffic type. The at least one traffic type may include at least one of: a type of DO traffic, or a type of device-terminated (DT) traffic. By way of example, the type of DO traffic may include at least one of: a type of DO autonomous (DO-A) traffic, or a type of DO device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) traffic.
[0084] In an example embodiment, the at least one second channel may include a second channel for both DO traffic and DT traffic. In another example embodiment, the at least one second channel may include a second channel for DO traffic such as DO channel (DOCH) and a second channel for DT traffic such as DT channel (DTCH) . In a further example embodiment, the at least one second channel may include a second channel for DO-A traffic, a second channel for DO-DTT traffic and a second channel for DT traffic.
[0085] In some embodiments, the at least one second channel is for at least one traffic type for at least one functionality. As used herein, the term “functionality” may refer to a functionality performed by the first communication device 110 such as the ambient IoT device. The term “functionality” may also be referred to as an “application” . By way of example, the at least one functionality may include at least one of: a functionality of inventory, a functionality of sensors, a functionality of command, or a functionality of positioning. The at least one second channel may include at least one of: a second channel for inventory, a second channel for sensors, a second channel for command, or a second channel for positioning.
[0086] It is to be understood that these example traffic types or functionalities are only for purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitations. The at least one channel may be for any suitable traffic type or any suitable functionality. Scope of embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0087] In some embodiments, the at least one first channel and the at least one second channel may be used in combination. For example, the at least one channel of the first communication device 110 may include a first channel for NAS and / or RRC signaling, and a second channel for traffic or data. The first channel may be a CCH, or CCCH or DCCH . The second channel may be a TCH. For another example, the at least one channel of the first communication device 110 may include a first channel for signaling (such as CCH, CCCH or DCCH) and at least two second channels for traffic. One option is a second channel for DO traffic and a second channel for DT traffic. Another option is a second channel for DO-A traffic, a second channel for DO-DTT traffic, and a second channel for DT traffic. For a further example, the at least one channel of the first communication device 110 may include a first channel for signaling (such as CCH, CCCH or DCCH) and at least one second channel for at least one traffic type for at least one functionality, such as inventory, sensors, command or positioning. For a further example, the at least one channel of the first communication device 110 may include a first channel for signaling (such as CCH, CCCH or DCCH) and at least one second channel for at least one traffic type, such as DO-A, DO-DTT and DT.
[0088] In some embodiments, the channel information in the backscattering transmission may include a plurality of channel identifications (IDs) associated with a plurality of traffic types. For example, the plurality of channel identifications may be the channel identifications of a plurality of second channels for a plurality of traffic types. That is, the at least one channel of the first communication device 110 may be indicated by different channel IDs for different traffic types.
[0089] Alternatively, or in addition, in some embodiments, the channel information may include a channel ID and an indication for at least one traffic type. For example, the channel information may indicate a same MAC channel ID and an additional indication for the traffic type of the MAC channel.
[0090] In some embodiments, the channel ID (s) and the optional indication for the traffic type may be indicated via physical layer such as physical layer control information.
[0091] By using the at least one first channel for signaling and the at least one second channel for traffic, different channels such as different L2 channels may be defined for traffic (that is, data) and signaling separately. The channels for traffic may be defined on the basis of traffic types or functionality / application.
[0092] Several embodiments regarding using the at least one first channel for signaling and at least one second channel for traffic have been described. Alternatively, or in addition, in some embodiments, the at least one channel may include a third channel for both traffic and signaling. For example, the signaling may include at least one of NAS signaling or RRC signaling. The traffic may include one or more traffic types. As used herein, the term “third channel” may refer to a channel for both traffic and signaling, which may also be referred to as a “data and signaling channel” or “traffic and signaling channel” .
[0093] With these embodiments, channels such as L2 channels of the first communication device 110 may be defined and indicated. By indicating the channel information via backscattering, it enables the transmission and identification of upper layer data / traffic.
[0094] In some embodiments, the at least one channel may include at least one shared channel (SCH) or at least one SAP between a MAC layer and a physical layer of the first communication device 110. The at least one MAC channel or SAP between the MAC layer and the upper layer such as application layer or SDAP described above may correspond to or map to the at least one shared channel or the at least one SAP between the MAC layer and the physical layer. For example, the at least one first channel for signaling, the at least one second channel for traffic, or the third channel for both signaling and traffic between the MAC layer and the upper layer may map to at least one shared channel between the MAC layer and the physical layer.
[0095] In some embodiments, there may be only one ambient IoT shared channel or SAP between layer 2 (e.g., MAC layer) and physical layer. In some embodiments, a plurality of MAC channels (or layer 2 channels) such as all MAC / layer 2 channels may be mapped to this shared channel. That is, layer 2 data and signaling may be mapped to or transmitted by the same shared channel. As another example, the at least one shared channel may include at least one of: a reader-to-device shared channel (RDSCH) or a device-to-reader shared channel (DRSCH) .
[0096] In some embodiments, a plurality of layer 2 channels such as all layer 2 channels for data or signaling from reader to device may be mapped to RDSCH. Similarly, a plurality of layer 2 channels such as all layer 2 channels for data or signaling from device to reader may be mapped to DRSCH.
[0097] In some embodiments, there may be no radio bearer (RB) , only one RB for different traffic types, or at least one RB for different traffic types. In an embodiment, the at least one RB for backscattering may include at least one signaling radio bearer (SRB) for signaling and at least one data radio bearer (DRB) for traffic of at least one traffic type. For example, the at least one SRB may include a single SRB for both NAS signaling and RRC signaling, such as A-IoT SRB 0, or any other suitable SRB. For another example, the at least one SRB may include an SRB for NAS signaling and an SRB for RRC signaling. The SRB for NAS signaling may be an A-IoT SRB 1, or A-IoT SRB 0, or SRB5, or any other suitable SRB. The SRB for RRC signaling may be an A-IoT SRB 0, or A-IoT SRB 1, or SRB6, or any other suitable SRB. The at least one DRB may include a single DRB for traffic of a plurality of traffic types, or alternatively a plurality of DRBs for traffic of a plurality of traffic types.
[0098] Alternatively, in some embodiments, signaling such as all signaling may be transmitted via physical layer, thus only DRB (s) may be designed for layer 2. That is, the at least one RB for backscattering may include at least one DRB for traffic of at least one traffic type or traffic type for at least one functionality. In an option, the at least one DRB for traffic may include a single DRB for traffic of a plurality of traffic types. In another option, the at least one DRB may include a plurality of DRBs for traffic of a plurality of traffic types.
[0099] In some different embodiments, the at least one RB for backscattering may include a single RB for both signaling and traffic of at least one traffic type. For example, RB 1 or any other suitable RB may be for both signaling and a plurality of traffic types such as all traffic types.
[0100] In embodiments where no radio bearer is for the backscattering, each traffic flow of the backscattering may be mapped to a respective MAC channel. That is, each traffic flow may be mapped to its own layer 2 channel separately / accordingly. Alternatively, in embodiments where no radio bearer is for the backscattering, a plurality of traffic flows of the backscattering may be mapped to a single MAC channel. For example, all traffic flows may be mapped to a same layer 2 channel.
[0101] By using these embodiments regarding the shared channel, the data transmission of the ambient IoT is enabled.
[0102] As briefly mentioned, the backscattering transmission may include the energy information of the first communication device 110. The energy information may be an indication, such as MAC control element (CE) , or any other suitable message or signaling. For example, the energy information may be transmitted via at least one of: a MAC CE, or a physical layer signal. As used here, the term “MAC CE” may refer to control information transmitted via the MAC layer such as the L2 layer. The term “MAC CE” may also be referred to as “MAC layer control information” , or “L2 control information” or “L2 CE” .
[0103] In embodiments where the first communication device 110 is of Device type A or Device type B, the energy information may include energy harvesting information of the first communication device 110. In embodiments where the first communication device 110 is of Device type B, the energy information may include battery information of the first communication device 110. As used herein, the term “energy information” may also be referred to as “ (energy) harvesting information” or “battery information” .
[0104] In an embodiment, the energy information may include a first energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure, for example, for a Device A. In another embodiment, the energy information may include a second energy level available in a battery of the first communication device, for example for a Device B. In a further embodiment, the energy information may include a third energy level for leftover traffic or a next transmission. In some embodiments, the energy information may include at least one of the first, second or third energy level.
[0105] In some embodiments, the energy information may include an energy level format. For example, the energy level format may be a format of an original energy level value. For another example, the energy level format may be a format of a quantified energy level value. The quantification approach for the energy level may be predefined or configured. At least one of the first, second or third energy level may be in the energy level format in the energy information.
[0106] In a further embodiment, the energy information may include a quantity or level of electricity. For example, the energy level may be referred to as the (level of) quantity of electricity.
[0107] In some embodiments, the energy information may include a transmission related status of the first communication device 110. For example, the transmission related status may include a transmission mode of the first communication device 110.
[0108] Several example embodiments regarding the energy information have been described. It is to be understood that these embodiments are only for purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitations. These embodiments may be applied separately, or in any combination. That is, the energy information may include one or more items described above. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0109] In some embodiments, the transmission of the energy information may be based on at least one condition. If at least one condition is satisfied, the first communication device 110 may transmit the energy information via the backscattering. Examples of the at least one condition will be described below.
[0110] A first condition may be that an energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure (such as a latest energy harvesting procedure) is lower than a threshold energy level or unable to support the backscattering or a transmission of (the whole) buffered data. If the energy level is larger than or equal to the threshold energy level, it means that the energy level may support the backscattering transmission or support the transmission of (the whole) buffered data. The threshold energy level may be predefined, or configured by the second communication device 120 or any core network function supporting ambient IoT service. For example, the second communication device 120 may transmit an indication of the threshold energy level via a physical layer signal. It is to be understood that the first condition may also be that the energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure is lower than or equal to the threshold energy level. It is also to be understood that the first condition may also be changed to that an energy level available in the battery is lower than (or equal to) the threshold energy level.
[0111] A second condition may be that the first communication device 110 is in a state unable or disallowed to support the backscattering. A third condition may be that a leftover payload size is able to accommodate the energy information.
[0112] A fourth condition may be that a change of the energy information of the first communication device is greater than or equal to a threshold value. The threshold value may be predefined, or configured by the second communication device 120 or any core network function supporting ambient IoT service.
[0113] A fifth condition may be that a quantity of electricity after the backscattering is less than a threshold quantity, or a level of quantity of electricity after the backscattering is less than a threshold quantity level. The threshold quantity (level) may be predefined, or configured by the second communication device 120 or any core network function supporting ambient IoT service.
[0114] As described, the threshold energy level, the threshold value, or the threshold quantity (level) mentioned above may be configured by the second communication device 120. That is, the second communication device 120 may transmit, to the first communication device 110, an indication of at least one of: a threshold energy level, a threshold value of a change of the energy information, or a threshold quantity (level) of electricity. The indication may be via a physical layer signal such as an ambient IoT signal or via MAC CE.
[0115] It is to be understood that these conditions are only for purposes of illustration, without suggesting any limitations. Any suitable condition may be applied for the transmission of the energy information. These conditions may be applied separately, or in any combination. Scope of embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0116] In some embodiments, in response to receiving (240) the energy information such as a MAC CE including the energy information, the second communication device 120 may adjust at least one of: a transmission power for a further ambient IoT signal to the first communication device 110, a bandwidth for the further ambient IoT signal, a period for transmitting ambient IoT signals to the first communication device 110, or a carrier wave for the further ambient IoT signal.
[0117] Several embodiments regarding transmitting the energy information of the first communication device 110 to the second communication device 120 have been described. With these embodiments, the second communication device 120 can adjust the transmission power, bandwidth, or period for transmitting the ambient IoT signal or the carrier wave. In this way, the adjusted ambient IoT signal can be suitable for the following backscattering transmission.
[0118] Further embodiments regarding transmission signal formats for the backscattering transmission particularly for the channel information transmission will be described with respect to FIG. 4A to FIG. 6D below. In some embodiments, at least one of: the channel information or an indication of at least one traffic type of the at least one channel is carried via at least one of: a physical layer signal of the first communication device 110, a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) of the first communication device 110, or a MAC PDU header. For example, the MAC PDU header may be a layer 2 PDU header. As used herein, the term “MAC PDU” may be referred to as a “L2 PDU” , and the term “MAC PDU header” may be referred to as a “L2 PDU header” .
[0119] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal indicates at least one channel identification of the at least one channel. A MAC PDU may include at least one of: a MAC PDU header, a data field, a MAC service data unit (SDU) , or a MAC CE.
[0120] In some embodiments, the indication of the traffic such as layer 2 traffic or layer 2 channel (for example, layer 2 channel ID) may be carried via the physical layer, which may be comprised in the control information of physical layer. In an example, the indication may include 1 bit, where “0” for signaling, “1” for data, or otherwise. In another example, 2 bits may be used, where ‘00’ for signaling / L2 channel of signaling, ‘01’ for data / L2 channel of data, and ‘10’ for harvesting information. In a further example, 2 bits may be used, where ‘00’ for signaling / L2 channel of signaling, ‘01’ for DO traffic / L2 channel of DO traffic, ‘10’ for DT traffic / L2 channel of DT traffic, and ‘11’ for harvesting information. In a still further example, 1 bit may be used, where ‘0’ for DO traffic, ‘1’ for DT traffic. In a still further example, 2 bits may be used, where ‘00’ for DO-A traffic, ‘01’ for DO_DTT traffic, ‘10’ for DT traffic, and ‘11’ for harvesting information.
[0121] It is to be understood that these example formats of indication are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. The meaning of these bits may be varied. There may be different control information formats corresponding to signaling and data of different traffic types. Scope of embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0122] The channel information and / or the energy information may be included in the MAC layer signal such as MAC PDU. In some embodiments, a MAC PDU may consist of one or more MAC subPDUs. Each MAC subPDU may consist of one of the following:
[0123] - a MAC subheader only (including padding) ,
[0124] - a MAC subheader and a MAC SDU,
[0125] - a MAC subheader and a MAC CE, or
[0126] - a MAC subheader and padding.
[0127] The MAC SDUs may be of variable sizes.
[0128] Each MAC subheader corresponds to either a MAC SDU, a MAC CE, or padding. Each MAC subheader may be placed immediately in front of the corresponding MAC SDU, MAC CE, or padding.
[0129] The MAC subheader may consist of the following fields:
[0130] - logical channel ID (LCID) : The Logical Channel ID field identifies the logical channel instance of the corresponding MAC SDU or the type of the corresponding MAC CE or padding as described in a predefined standard for the DL-SCH and for the UL-SCH;
[0131] - length (L) : The Length field indicates the length of the corresponding MAC SDU or variable-sized MAC CE in bytes. There is one L field per MAC subheader except for subheaders corresponding to fixed-sized MAC CEs, padding, and MAC SDUs containing UL CCCH.
[0132] FIG. 4A illustrates an example 400 of a DL MAC PDU. FIG. 4B illustrates an example 450 of a UL MAC PDU. The DL MAC PDU and / or the UL MAC PDU may be used for the backscattering transmission.
[0133] In these embodiments, the physical layer signal of the first communication device 110 may include at least one of: channel identification, a MAC PDU header comprising a length of data field, a data field, a MAC SDU, or a MAC CE.
[0134] In an embodiment, the physical layer signal of the first communication device 110 may indicate at least one channel identification of the at least one channel, and a MAC layer signal may indicate a length of data to be transmitted via the at least one channel. By way of example, the MAC PDU header may include a length of data field. The MAC PDU format may include a first part such as Part 1 and a second part such as Part 2. For example, Part 1 of the MAC PDU header may include a length of data field, for example, 8 bits or any other bit widths, and Part 2 of the MAC PDU header may include at least one of: data field, MAC SDU or MAC CE. Optionally, there may be no Part 1. That is the MAC PDU is MAC CE or MAC PDU. FIG. 5A illustrates an example 500 of the physical layer signal and the MAC layer signal. As shown, the MAC header 501 may include a length of data field 502. Alternatively, in an embodiment, the data field, the MAC SDU or MAC CE may be of a fixed size, and the MAC PDU excludes the length of data field. That is, the length field 502 may be removed.
[0135] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal indicates at least one channel identification of the at least one channel. A MAC PDU may include a MAC PDU header and one of: a data field, or a MAC SDU, and the MAC PDU header may exclude a length of data field. In some embodiments, the physical layer signal further indicates at least one length of MAC PDU or data. That is, the physical layer signal (e.g., control information) may further indicate both the channel identification, such as layer 2 (L2) channel ID, and the length of MAC PDU, MAC CE or data. The MAC PDU format may include a first part such as Part 1 and a second part such as Part 2. Optionally, there may be no Part 1. That is the MAC PDU is MAC CE or MAC PDU. In the MAC PDU format, Part 1 may include a MAC header for information other than the length of data field, MAC CE or MAC SDU, and Part 2 may include data field, MAC CE or MAC SDU. FIG. 5B illustrates an example 510 of the physical layer signal and MAC layer signal. In the example of FIG. 5B, there is no length of data field in the MAC PDU 511.
[0136] With these embodiments described with respect to FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, the traffic types can be identified faster via the physical layer indication.
[0137] Alternatively, in some embodiments, physical layer or MAC layer may not need to differentiate traffic types. Thus, the indication of channel identification, such as layer 2 traffic or layer 2 channel, is not needed. In such cases, traffic of a plurality of traffic types may be transmitted via a single MAC channel or a single radio bearer. For example, all types of ambient IoT traffic from upper layer may be transmitted via the same layer 2 channel and / or (D) RB. In these embodiments, the physical layer signal of the first communication device 110 may include at least one of: an indication on whether the physical layer signal comprises a MAC PDU, a MAC PDU header comprising a length of data field, a data field, a MAC SDU, or a MAC CE.
[0138] In an embodiment, the physical layer signal may indicate whether it includes MAC PDU or not by using 1 bit, where 0 for no data and 1 for data. The MAC PDU format may include a first part such as Part 1 and a second part such as Part 2. Part 1 may be the MAC PDU header, including a length of data field, or otherwise excluding the length of data field for MAC CE or MAC PDU of fixed size. Optionally, there may be no Part 1. That is, the MAC PDU is MAC CE or MAC PDU. Part 2 may include data field or MAC SDU or MAC CE. FIG. 5C illustrates an example 520 of the physical layer signal and the MAC layer signal. As shown, the physical layer signal indicates that the MAC PDU 522 is included by one bit 521 which is equal to 1 in this embodiment. By using such MAC PDU format, less signaling overhead may be involved.
[0139] Alternatively, in some embodiments, traffic of a plurality of traffic types is transmitted via a single MAC channel or a single RB. A physical layer signal of the first communication device 110 may include at least one of: a length of a MAC PDU, a MAC PDU header, a data field, a MAC CE, or a MAC SDU.
[0140] In an embodiment, all bits of the length of layer PDU may be set as “0” to indicate there isn’ t any upper layer data. The MAC PDU format may include a first part such as Part 1 and a second part such as Part 2. Optionally, Part 1 of MAC PDU may include information other than the length of data field and L2 channel ID. Part 2 of the MAC PDU may include data field or MAC SDU. Optionally, there may be no Part 1. That is, the MAC PDU is MAC CE or MAC PDU. FIG. 5D illustrates an example 530 of the physical layer signal and MAC layer signal. As shown, the physical layer signal may include a length field 531 of the MAC PDU 532. In this way, less signaling overhead may be used.
[0141] In some embodiments, the indication of the channel identification, such as traffic type, layer 2 channel or layer 2 channel ID, may be carried via MAC PDU header. In an example, the indication may include 1 bit, where ‘0’ for signaling, ‘1’ for data, or vice versa. In another example, the indication may include 1 bit, where ‘0’ for control PDU / subPDU, ‘1’ for data PDU / subPDU, or vice versa. In a further example, the indication may include 2 bits, where ‘00’ for signaling / L2 channel of signaling, ‘01’ for data / L2 channel of data, and ‘10’ for harvesting information. In a further example, the indication may include 2 bits, where ‘00’ for signaling / L2 channel of signaling, ‘01’ for DO traffic / L2 channel of DO traffic, ‘10’ for DT traffic / L2 channel of DT traffic, and ‘11’ for harvesting information. In a still further example, the indication may include 1 bit, where ‘0’ for DO traffic, ‘1’ for DT traffic. In a still further example, the indication may include 2 bits, where ‘00’ for DO-A traffic, ‘01’ for DO_DTT traffic, ‘10’ for DT traffic, and ‘11’ for harvesting information.
[0142] It is to be understood that these example formats of the indication are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. There may be different control information formats corresponding to signaling and data of different traffic types. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0143] In some embodiments, the MAC PDU format may include Part 1, which may be a MAC PDU header, including the following information: the indication of the channel identification, such as layer2 channel ID (L2 CH ID) , and a length of data field, for example, 8 bits. The MAC PDU format may also include a Part2, which may include a Data field, MAC CE or MAC SDU. FIG. 5E shows an example 540 of such MAC PDU.
[0144] Alternatively, there may be no length information in both the physical layer signal (e.g., the control information) or the MAC PDU. For example, assuming there is a predefined / pre-configured length for some of MAC SDU of each traffic type / functionality / application or MAC CE, the length of data field in the MAC PDU and the physical layer may be omitted. As another example, the length of MAC PDU may be determined by the length of physical layer signal and the length or format of control information. And the length of MAC SDU may be determined by the length of MAC PDU and the length or format of MAC PDU header.
[0145] In some embodiments, there is no multiplexing. A MAC PDU consists of one MAC subPDU. That is, one physical layer signal (e.g., transport block size (TBS) ) only includes one MAC subPDU.
[0146] Alternatively, or in addition. The MAC layer may support multiplexing. A MAC PDU may include one or more MAC subPDUs, such as at most two MAC subPDUs. For example, a physical layer signal may include one or more MAC subPDUs such as at most two MAC subPDUs or data from one or more MAC channels such as at most two MAC channels. As used herein, the term “MAC subPDU” may also be referred to as “L2 subPDU” .
[0147] In embodiments wherein the MAC PDU includes one or more MAC subPDUs, a physical layer signal (or information) may indicate the number of MAC subPDUs or the number of the at least one channel of the first communication device 110 and corresponding channel identifications of the at least one channel. For example, the physical layer information may include the number of layer 2 subPDUs or the number of L2 channels, and corresponding channel identification, such as L2 channel IDs. FIG. 6A illustrates an example of such physical layer signal (or information) . As shown, a field 602 may indicate the number of L2 channels or the number of L2 channel IDs. A filed 604 may indicate a L2 channel ID. The physical layer signal may also include a MAC PDU 606.
[0148] Alternatively, in embodiments wherein the MAC PDU includes one or more MAC subPDUs, a physical layer signal indicates a channel identification and an indication of an existence of a further channel identification. For example, the physical layer information may include L2 channel ID (corresponding to a MAC PDU or MAC subPDU) and the indication of the existence of the further channel ID (corresponding to a further MAC PDU or MAC subPDU) . As used herein, the indication of the existence of the further channel ID may be referred to as an extended indication, and the further channel ID may be referred to as an extra L2 channel ID. For example, if the extended indication includes a bit “0” , it may indicate that there is no extra L2 channel ID. If the extended indication includes a bit “1” , it may indicate that there is an extra L2 channel ID. The extended indication may be at the front or back of the L2 channel ID. It is to be understood that there may be one or more extra L2 channel IDs after the indicated channel ID. FIG. 6B illustrates an example 620 of such physical layer signal, which include a field 622 for L2 channel ID, and a field 624 for the extended information.
[0149] In some embodiments, a physical layer signal of the first communication device 110 may indicate an existence of a MAC PDU. That is, the physical layer signal may indicate whether it comprises MAC PDU. If there isn’ t MAC PDU, the physical layer signal may not include such physical layer information for the MAC PDU. Alternatively, or in addition, the existence of MAC PDU may be indicated by using different format of control information, different frame structure or different PDU format of physical layer. For example, a physical layer signal without MAC PDU may use another format of control information, and reader may determine there isn’ t any MAC PDU in a physical layer signal based on this format.
[0150] In some embodiments, a physical layer signal of the first communication device 110 may indicate types of a plurality of MAC subPDUs or types of a plurality of channels for the backscattering. For example, the physical layer signal may indicate exact types of two layer 2 subPDUs or channels.
[0151] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal may indicate channel identifications of the plurality of channels and lengths of the plurality of MAC subPDUs. One subPDU may be followed by another subPDU.
[0152] In an option, each of the plurality of MAC subPDUs includes a data field or a MAC SDU, and each of the plurality of MAC subPDUs may further include a header of subPDU comprising a length of data field. For example, Part 1 of the MAC subPDU may be a header of subPDU (also referred to as MAC subheader) , including a length of data field, and Part 2 of the MAC subPDU may include a data field, MAC CE or MAC SDU.
[0153] In another option, each of the plurality of MAC subPDUs includes a data field, MAC CE or a MAC SDU, and each of the plurality of MAC subPDUs may further include a MAC subheader excluding the lengths and the channel identifications. For example, Part 1 of the MAC subPDU may be a MAC subheader, which may include information rather than the length and L2 channel ID. Part 2 of the MAC subPDU may include a data field or MAC SDU. FIG. 6C illustrates an example of a MAC PDU 661 supporting multiplexing. As shown, the MAC PDU 661 includes two MAC subheaders and two MAC SDUs.
[0154] In some embodiments, layer 2 may indicate the exact types of two layer 2 subPDUs or channels. The MAC PDU format may include one subPDU followed by another sunPDU. Each subPDU may have a Part 1 and a Part 2. The part 1 may be a header of subPDU, which includes at least one of: a layer 2 channel ID, or a length of data filed. Part 2 may include a data field or MAC SDU. Additionally, if there is at least one MAC CE, the MAC CE may be placed at the front of MAC PDU. For example, the MAC PDU 661 with two MAC subheaders and two MAC SDUs as shown in FIG. 6C may be used.
[0155] In some embodiments, a plurality of MAC PDUs may be used in combination. That is, a MAC PDU may be followed by another MAC PDU. FIG. 6D illustrates an example of MAC PDU 681 followed by another MAC PDU 682. Each MAC PDU may include a MAC header and a MAC SDU. The MAC header may include a length of data field and / or an indication of the MAC channel ID. It is to be understood that the MAC PDU 681 and MAC PDU 682 may use any suitable format described above. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here. By using the plurality of MAC PDUs, a plurality of MAC channel IDs may be indicated. Additional information regarding the ambient IoT backscattering transmission such as the channel information or the energy information described above may also be indicated using these MAC PDUs.
[0156] In this way, both the MAC PDU not supporting multiplexing and the MAC PDU supporting multiplexing can be used for the backscattering transmission of the channel information and / or the energy information of the first communication device 110. For example, a plurality of MAC PDUs and / or a single MAC PDU including a plurality of subPDUs can be used for the backscattering transmission of the channel information and / or the energy information of the first communication device 110. The backscattering transmission for the channel information and / or the energy information can thus be more flexible.
[0157] In some embodiments, layer 2 channels may be prioritized, for example, by one of the following orders. One possible order with highest priority listed first may be NAS / signaling, (MAC CE for) energy information (such as energy harvesting information or battery information) , if defined, and data.
[0158] For the channel for data, there may be data for different traffic types. For DO traffic, for example, from ambient IoT device to gNB / UE, DO-A may be prioritized over DO-DTT. Alternatively, DO-DTT may be prioritized over DO-A. The order for different traffic types may be random selected, as well.
[0159] In some embodiments, the at least one traffic type may be for at least one functionality. The data or traffic associated with different functionalities may be prioritized following an order of: command, sensors, positioning, and inventory. Alternatively, data or traffic associated with different functionalities may be prioritized following an order of command, positioning, sensors, and inventory. Alternatively, data or traffic associated with different functionalities may be prioritized following an order of inventory, command, positioning, and sensors. Alternatively, data or traffic associated with different functionalities may be prioritized following an order of inventory, command, sensors and positioning. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the order of traffic for different functionalities may be random selected.
[0160] As briefly mentioned, although some works have been studied for the ambient IoT device, the ambient IoT device still needs to be enhanced. For example, how to perform an access control for the ambient IoT device is also a concerning problem.
[0161] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide another solution for backscattering transmission for a communication device such as an ambient IoT device. In the solution, a second communication device such as a reader for an ambient IoT device transmit an ambient IoT signal to a first communication device such as an ambient IoT device. In response to receiving the ambient IoT signal, the first communication device transmits, to the second communication device, a backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure to the second communication device. For example, the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device. In this way, the access procedure to the second communication device can be controlled.
[0162] FIG. 7 illustrates another signaling flow 700 of backscattering transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 700 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A and / or FIG. 1B.
[0163] In operation, the second communication device 120 such as a reader for an ambient IoT device transmits (710) a first ambient IoT signal to the first communication device 110 such as an ambient IoT device. The first communication device 110 receives (715) the first ambient IoT signal.
[0164] In response to receiving (715) the first ambient IoT signal, the first communication device 110 transmits (725) , to the second communication device 120, a backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure to the second communication device 120. The second communication device 120 receives (730) the backscattering transmission. As used herein, the term “access control information” may also be referred to as “inventory (control) information” , “command information” , “authentication / security / registration (control) information” , or the like. The term “access procedure” may refer to an “inventory / command procedure” or an “authentication / security / registration procedure” .
[0165] By way of example, the access control information includes at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device 110, a type of the first communication device 110, a capability of the first communication device 110, identifier information of the first communication device 110, authentication information of the first communication device 110, security information of the first communication device 110, or energy information of the first communication device 110.
[0166] In some embodiments, the access control information may include all of the above items, that is, the indication of access type, the type of the first communication device 110, the capability of the first communication device 110, the identifier information of the first communication device 110, the security / authentication information and the energy information. Such access control information may be referred to as “full access control information” . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the full access information may include at least two of the above items, such as the identifier information and the access type or traffic type of the first communication device 110. The full access control information may be defined by the specification or configured by the second communication device 120.
[0167] For the access control information at least excluding one item from the full access control information, the access control information may be referred to as “partial access control information” . For example, the partial access control information may at least include the identifier information of the first communication device 110.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the access type may also be referred to as traffic type or access type corresponding to traffic type or application or functionality. In an embodiment, the access type indicates a type of DO-A traffic or DO-DTT traffic. Alternatively, or in addition, the access type may indicate a type of inventory functionality, sensors functionality, positioning functionality, or command functionality. The access type may alternatively or additionally indicate the traffic type of MAC PDU or MAC SDU for at least one of: the backscattering transmission, or a further backscattering transmission subsequent to the backscattering transmission.
[0169] The type of the first communication device 110 may be referred to as a device type, device capability or device category, such as Type A, B, C or the like. The device ID may be an ID of ambient IoT device, such as ID for a tag. The security information or authentication information of the first communication device 110 may be used to verify the first communication device 110 or protect the data or the backscattering transmission.
[0170] In an embodiment, the energy information may include a first energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure, for example, for a Device A. In another embodiment, the energy information may include a second energy level available in a battery of the first communication device, for example for a Device B. In a further embodiment, the energy information may include a third energy level for leftover traffic or a next transmission. In some embodiments, the energy information may include at least one of the first, second or third energy level.
[0171] In some embodiments, the energy information may include an energy level format. For example, the energy level format may be a format of an original energy level value. For another example, the energy level format may be a format of a quantified energy level value. The quantification approach for the energy level may be predefined or configured. At least one of the first, second or third energy level may be in the energy level format in the energy information.
[0172] In a further embodiment, the energy information may include a quantity or level of electricity. For example, the energy level may be referred to as the (level of) quantity of electricity.
[0173] In some embodiments, the energy information may include a transmission related status of the first communication device 110. For example, the transmission related status may include a transmission mode of the first communication device 110.
[0174] Several example embodiments regarding the energy information have been described. It is to be understood that these embodiments are only for purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitations. These embodiments may be applied separately, or in any combination. That is, the energy information may include one or more items described above. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0175] In some embodiments, the second communication device 120 may transmit (735) , to the first communication device 110, a response to the access procedure. The first communication device 110 may receive (740) the response. In some embodiments, the response may include a temporary or local ID of the first communication device 110. The response may be coded or scrambled based on the device ID in the full access control information, received via the backscattering transmission.
[0176] In some embodiments, for example, for an initial access to the second communication device 120, the backscattering transmission may include the full access control information, which may include the indication of access type, the device type, the device ID, the security / authentication information and the energy information. In an option, the first communication device 110 may transmit the full access control information for the subsequent transmissions.
[0177] In some embodiments, the second communication device 120 may transmit (745) , a second ambient IoT signal to the first communication device 110. In response to receiving (750) the second ambient IoT signal, the first communication device 110 may transmit (755) , to the second communication device 120, a further backscattering transmission comprising at least partial of the access control information (also referred to as “partial access control information” ) of the first communication device 110. The second communication device 120 may receive (760) the further backscattering transmission (also referred to as the subsequent backscattering transmission) .
[0178] In an option, the first communication device 110 may transmit the full access control information for the subsequent backscattering transmissions. Alternatively, in some embodiments, for a subsequent access, the access control information may be partial access control information, which may include at least one of the above items. For example, the partial of the access control information may at least comprise the identifier information of the first communication device 110. The identifier information may include a device identifier of the first communication device 110 or a temporary (or local) identifier of the first communication device 110. The temporary identifier of the first communication device 110 may be comprised in the response to the access procedure. For example, the first communication device 110 may transmit the device ID in the subsequent backscattering transmissions. The device ID may be temporary ID or local ID assigned by the second communication device 120, which will be further described with respect to FIG. 9.
[0179] In some embodiments, in response to the response from the second communication device 120, the first communication device 110 may only provide the identifier information to the second communication device 120. By transmitting partial of the access control information in some subsequent backscattering transmissions, the signaling overhead can be reduced, and the security can be enhanced.
[0180] In some embodiments, if at least one of the following conditions is satisfied, the first communication device 110 may transmit (725) the access control information to the second communication device 120 via the backscattering. A first condition may be that the first communication device 110 matches at least one of: an energy level requested by the first ambient IoT signal, or a pre-configured energy level, or a default energy level. For example, the energy level may be included in the first ambient IoT signal. The first communication device 110 may determine (720) whether it matches the energy level. If the first communication device 110 matches the energy level, the access control procedure may be initiated.
[0181] A second condition may be that the first ambient IoT signal indicates to include the access control information in the backscattering transmission. In some embodiments, the first ambient IoT signal may further indicate to include the full access control information or the partial access control information. For example, a physical layer signal or control information from the second communication device 120 may indicate whether to provide the full access control information. The first communication device 110 may provide the full access control information if the indication for the full access control information is present. Otherwise, the first communication device 110 may provide the partial of the access control information such as the device ID. In this way, the transmission of the part of access control information, such as security information or authentication information, can be controlled.
[0182] A third condition may be that a counter for transmission of the access control information is larger than or equal to a threshold number. The threshold number may be predefined, or configured by the second communication device 120. For example, the threshold number may be indicated by at least one of: the first ambient IoT signal, or a response to the access procedure from the second communication device 120. Embodiments regarding the third condition will be described with respect to FIG. 8.
[0183] A fourth condition may be that the access control information is changed. For example, if any of the information in the full access control information is changed, the first communication device 110 may transmit the full access control information via the backscattering. By way of example, if the first communication device 110 initiates another traffic type, or if the energy information is changed, the first communication device 110 may transmit the full access control information.
[0184] It is to be understood that these conditions are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitations. These conditions can be applied separately, or in combination. Any other suitable condition may also be applied. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0185] In some embodiments, the second communication device 120 may transmit, to the first communication device 110, at least one of: a requested energy level, an indication to include the access control information in the backscattering transmission, a threshold number of a counter for transmission of the access control information, or a further threshold number for a counter for transmission of identifier information of the first communication device 110. The above information may be used in the at least one condition for the transmission of the access control information. FIG. 8 illustrates another signaling flow 800 of backscattering transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, in which the threshold number of the counter for transmission of the access control information may be used. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 800 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A and / or FIG. 1B.
[0186] As shown, the second communication device 120 transmits (810) the ambient IoT signal to the first communication device 110. The ambient IoT signal may include a threshold number of transmission of access control information. In response to receiving (815) the ambient IoT signal, the first communication device 110 transmits an access request to the second communication device 120 via backscattering. The access request may also be referred to as access control information. The access request may at least include traffic type and device ID of the first communication device 110.
[0187] In response to receiving (825) the access request, the second communication device 120 may transmit (830) a response to the access request (also referred to as access response) to the first communication device 110. The access response may include the threshold number. For example, a physical layer signaling such as at least one of the ambient IoT signal or the access response may include the threshold number (also referred to as a max value) . Alternatively, the threshold number may be preconfigured. The first communication device 110 may receive (835) the access response.
[0188] In some embodiments, for an initial backscattering transmission, the first communication device 110 may sent the full access control information. The first communication device 110 may set a counter for transmission of the access control information as an initial value upon or after the first transmission, such as 0 or 1.
[0189] Alternatively, or in addition, after configured with the threshold number or max value of counter, the first communication device 110 may set the counter as an initial value, such as 0 or 1.
[0190] In an option, the first communication device 110 may add the counter by 1 after each backscattering transmission. In another option, the first communication device 110 may add the counter by 1 after receiving (for example, periodic) physical layer signal, such as synchronization signal (SS) or harvesting signal, from the second communication device 120.
[0191] In addition, after configured with the max value of counter, the first communication device 110 may set the counter to the initial value, such as 0. Alternatively, after receiving the data / signaling from the second communication device 120, the first communication device 110 may set the counter to the initial value, such as 0.
[0192] For the subsequent data / signaling, the first communication device 110 may determine whether the counter exceeds the threshold number. In some embodiments, if the first communication device 110 determines (840) that the counter is less than the threshold value, the first communication device 110 may not provide the full access control information. Instead, the first communication device 110 may transmit (845) the partial of the access control information such as the device ID to the second communication device 120 via backscattering. The second communication device 120 may receive (850) the device ID.
[0193] Otherwise, if the first communication device 110 determines (855) that the counter is larger than or equal to the threshold value, the first communication device 110 may transmit (860) at least the device ID and the traffic type (s) to the second communication device 120, or the full access control information to the second communication device 120 via backscattering. The second communication device 120 may receive (865) at least the device ID and the traffic type (s) . In addition, the first communication device 110 may set the counter to the initial value, such as 0, upon or after the (860) backscattering transmission.
[0194] In this way, the signaling overhead can be reduced. The ambient IoT device transmission can be enhanced.
[0195] FIG. 9 illustrates another signaling flow 900 of backscattering transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 900 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A and / or FIG. 1B.
[0196] As depicted, the second communication device 120 transmits (910) an ambient IoT signal to the first communication device 110. In response to receiving (915) the ambient IoT signal, the first communication device 110 transmits (920) the access control information such as the traffic type (s) and device ID or the full access control information to the second communication device 120. In response to receiving (925) the access control information, the second communication device 120 may transmit (930) an access response to the first communication device 110. The first communication device 110 may receive (935) the access response. In some embodiments, the first communication device 110 may treat the ambient IoT data / signalling as the access response message.
[0197] In some embodiments, the access response may include a temporary (TEMP) or local device ID of the first communication device 110. In some embodiments, the temporary or local device ID may be assigned by the second communication device 120 or core network function or device such as AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) or AIOTF (Ambient IoT Function) . The temporary device ID may be referred to as ID#2, which may be with less bits than the original device ID (referred to as ID#1) , such as 8 bits, 5 bits, or other suitable bit widths. By way of example, the temporary or local ID may be allocated via the access response, as shown. In some embodiments, the access response may include ID#2, or may include both ID#1 and ID#2.
[0198] The second communication device 120 may transmit (940) a further ambient IoT signal to the first communication device 110. In response to receiving (945) the further ambient IoT signal, the first communication device 110 may transmit at least device identifier information to the second communication device 120. The second communication device 120 may receive (955) the backscattering transmission. In some embodiments, the device identifier information may be the temporary or local device ID.
[0199] Alternatively, or in addition, the first communication device 110 may determine whether to transmit the ID#1 or ID#2 based on a counter of transmission of the identifier information. A threshold number or max value of the counter may be preconfigured / predetermined, or configured by the second communication device 120. The counter may be added by one after each backscattering transmission, or after each transmission of the temporary or local device ID.
[0200] In some embodiments, if the first communication device 110 determines that the counter of transmission of the identifier information is less than the threshold value, the first communication device 110 may include the temporary identifier of the first communication device 110 in the further backscattering transmission. Otherwise, if the counter is larger than or equal to the threshold value, the first communication device 110 may include the device identifier of the first communication device 110 in the further backscattering transmission. In addition, the counter may be set to an initial value (such as 0 or 1) upon or after the transmission of the device ID of the first communication device 110.
[0201] By transmitting the temporary or local device ID in several backscattering transmission, signaling overhead can be reduced.
[0202] Example embodiments for channel information transmission, energy information transmission and access control information transmission via the backscattering have been described above with reference to the signaling flows 200, 700, 800 and 900, respectively. In some embodiments, embodiments described with reference to two or more of the signaling flows 200, 700, 800 and 900 may be combined. With these embodiments, the backscattering transmission of the ambient IoT device can be enhanced.
[0203] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1000 implemented at a first communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1000 will be described from the perspective of the first communication device in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B.
[0204] At block 1010, the first communication device 110 in response to receiving an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmits, to the second communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering.
[0205] In some embodiments, the at least one channel comprises at least one medium access control (MAC) channel or at least one service access point between an MAC layer and at least one of: a service data adaptation protocol, or an application layer of the first communication device.
[0206] In some embodiments, the at least one channel comprises at least one of: at least one first channel for at least one of: non-access stratum signaling, or radio resource control signaling, at least one second channel for traffic, or a third channel for both traffic and signaling.
[0207] In some embodiments, the at least one first channel comprises at least one of: a common control channel or a dedicated control channel, and the at least one second channel comprises at least one traffic channel.
[0208] In some embodiments, the at least one second channel is for at least one traffic type, and the at least one traffic type comprises at least one of: a type of device-originated traffic, or a type of device-terminated traffic.
[0209] In some embodiments, the type of device-originated traffic comprises at least one of: a type of device-originated autonomous traffic, or a type of device-originated device-terminated triggered traffic.
[0210] In some embodiments, the at least one second channel is for at least one traffic type for at least one functionality, and the at least one functionality comprises at least one of:a functionality of inventory, a functionality of sensors, a functionality of command, or a functionality of positioning.
[0211] In some embodiments, the channel information comprises one of: a plurality of channel identifications associated with a plurality of traffic types, or a channel identification and an indication for at least one traffic type.
[0212] In some embodiments, the at least one channel comprises a shared channel or a service access point between a medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical layer of the first communication device.
[0213] In some embodiments, no radio bearer is for the backscattering, and wherein each traffic flow of the backscattering is mapped to a respective MAC channel, or wherein a plurality of traffic flows of the backscattering is mapped to a single MAC channel.
[0214] In some embodiments, at least one radio bearer is for the backscattering, the at least one radio bearer comprises one of: at least one signaling radio bearer for signaling and at least one data radio bearer for traffic of at least one traffic type, at least one data radio bearer for traffic of at least one traffic type, or a single radio bearer for both signaling and traffic of at least one traffic type.
[0215] In some embodiments, the at least one signaling radio bearer comprises: a single signaling radio bearer for non-access stratum signaling and radio resource control signaling, or a signaling radio bearer for non-access stratum signaling and a signaling radio bearer for radio resource control signaling.
[0216] In some embodiments, the at least one data radio bearer comprises: a single data radio bearer for traffic of a plurality of traffic types, or a plurality of data radio bearers for traffic of a plurality of traffic types.
[0217] In some embodiments, the energy information comprises at least one of: a first energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure, a second energy level available in a battery of the first communication device, a third energy level for leftover traffic or a next transmission, an energy level format, a quantity or level of electricity, or a transmission related status of the first communication device.
[0218] In some embodiments, at least one of the first, second or third energy level is in the energy level format, and the energy level format comprises one of: a format of an original energy level value, or a format of a quantified energy level value.
[0219] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that at least one of the following conditions is satisfied, the first communication device 110 may transmit the energy information of the first communication device via the backscattering: a first condition that an energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure is lower than a threshold energy level or unable to support the backscattering or a transmission of buffer data, a second condition that the first communication device is in a state unable or disallowed to support the backscattering, a third condition that a leftover payload size is able to accommodate the energy information, a fourth condition that a change of the energy information of the first communication device is greater than or equal to a threshold value, or a fifth condition that a quantity of electricity after the backscattering is less than a threshold quantity.
[0220] In some embodiments, the energy information is transmitted via at least one of: a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , or a physical layer signal.
[0221] In some embodiments, at least one of: the channel information or an indication of at least one traffic type of the at least one channel is carried via at least one of: a physical layer signal of the first communication device, a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the first communication device, or a MAC PDU header.
[0222] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal indicates at least one channel identification of the at least one channel, and wherein an MAC PDU comprises at least one of: an MAC PDU header, a data field, an MAC service data unit (SDU) , or an MAC control element (CE) .
[0223] In some embodiments, a MAC layer signal indicates a length of data to be transmitted via the at least one channel.
[0224] In some embodiments, the MAC PDU header comprises a length of data field, or wherein the MAC SDU or MAC CE is of a fixed size, and the MAC PDU excludes the length of data field.
[0225] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal indicates at least one channel identification of the at least one channel, and wherein an MAC PDU comprises an MAC PDU header and one of: a data field, or an MAC service data unit (SDU) , the MAC PDU header excluding a length of data field.
[0226] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal further indicates at least one length of MAC PDU or data.
[0227] In some embodiments, traffic of a plurality of traffic types is transmitted via a single medium access control (MAC) channel or a single radio bearer, and wherein a physical layer signal of the first communication device comprises at least one of: an indication on whether the physical layer signal comprises an MAC protocol data unit (PDU) , a MAC PDU header comprising a length of data field, a data field, a MAC service data unit (SDU) , or a MAC control element (CE) .
[0228] In some embodiments, traffic of a plurality of traffic types is transmitted via a single medium access control (MAC) channel or a single radio bearer, and wherein a physical layer signal of the first communication device comprises at least one of: a length of an MAC protocol data unit (PDU) , an MAC PDU header, a data field, a MAC control element (CE) or a MAC service data unit (SDU) .
[0229] In some embodiments, a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) comprises one or more MAC subPDUs, and wherein a physical layer signal indicates the number of MAC subPDUs or the number of the at least one channel of the first communication device and corresponding channel identifications of the at least one channel.
[0230] In some embodiments, a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) comprises one or more MAC subPDUs, and wherein a physical layer signal indicates a channel identification and an indication of an existence of a further channel identification.
[0231] In some embodiments, a physical layer signal of the first communication device indicates an existence of a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) .
[0232] In some embodiments, a physical layer signal of the first communication device indicates types of a plurality of medium access control (MAC) sub-protocol data units (subPDUs) or types of a plurality of channels for the backscattering.
[0233] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal indicates channel identifications of the plurality of channels and lengths of the plurality of MAC subPDUs.
[0234] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of MAC subPDUs comprises a data field or an MAC service data unit (SDU) , and each of the plurality of MAC subPDUs further comprises one of: a header of subPDU comprising a length of data field, or an MAC subheader excluding the lengths and the channel identifications.
[0235] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1100 implemented at a first communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1100 will be described from the perspective of the first communication device 110 in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B.
[0236] At block 1110, in response to receiving a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, the first communication device 110 transmits, to the second communication device, a backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure to the second communication device, wherein the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device.
[0237] In some embodiments, the access type indicates at least one of: a type of device-originated autonomous traffic or device-originated device-terminated triggered traffic, or a type of inventory functionality, sensors functionality, positioning functionality, or command functionality, or a traffic type of medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) or MAC service data unit (SDU) for at least one of: the backscattering transmission, or a further backscattering transmission subsequent to the backscattering transmission.
[0238] In some embodiments, the energy information comprises at least one of: a first energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure, a second energy level available in a battery of the first communication device, a third energy level for leftover traffic or a next transmission, an energy level format, a quantity or level of electricity, or a transmission related status of the first communication device.
[0239] In some embodiments, at least one of the first, second or third energy level is in the energy level format, and the energy level format comprises one of: a format of an original energy level value, or a format of a quantified energy level value.
[0240] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that at least one of the following conditions is satisfied, the first communication device 110 may transmit the access control information to the second communication device: a first condition that the first communication device matches at least one of: an energy level requested by the first ambient IoT signal, or a pre-configured energy level, a second condition that the first ambient IoT signal indicates to include the access control information in the backscattering transmission, a third condition that a counter for transmission of the access control information is larger than or equal to a threshold number, or a fourth condition that the access control information is changed.
[0241] In some embodiments, the threshold number is indicated by at least one of: the first ambient IoT signal, or a response to the access procedure from the second communication device, or wherein the threshold number is pre-configured.
[0242] In some embodiments, the method 1100 further comprises receiving, from the second communication device, a response to the access procedure; and in response to receiving a second ambient IoT signal from the second communication device, transmitting, to the second communication device, a further backscattering transmission comprising at least partial of the access control information of the first communication device.
[0243] In some embodiments, the partial of the access control information at least comprises the identifier information of the first communication device, the identifier information comprising a device identifier of the first communication device or a temporary identifier of the first communication device.
[0244] In some embodiments, the temporary identifier of the first communication device is comprised in the response to the access procedure.
[0245] In some embodiments, the method 1100 further comprises: in accordance with a determination that a counter of transmission of the identifier information is less than a threshold value, including the temporary identifier of the first communication device in the further backscattering transmission; and in accordance with a determination that the counter is larger than or equal to the threshold value, including the device identifier of the first communication device in the further backscattering transmission.
[0246] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1200 implemented at a second communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1200 will be described from the perspective of the second communication device 120 in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B.
[0247] At block 1210, the second communication device 120 transmits, to a first communication device, an ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal. At block 1220, the second communication device 120 receives, from the first communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering.
[0248] In some embodiments, the at least one channel comprises at least one medium access control (MAC) channel or at least one service access point between an MAC layer and at least one of: a service data adaptation protocol, or an application layer of the first communication device.
[0249] In some embodiments, the at least one channel comprises at least one of: at least one first channel for at least one of: non-access stratum signaling, or radio resource control signaling, at least one second channel for traffic, or a third channel for both traffic and signaling.
[0250] In some embodiments, the at least one first channel comprises at least one of: a common control channel or a dedicated control channel, and the at least one second channel comprises at least one traffic channel.
[0251] In some embodiments, the at least one second channel is for at least one traffic type, and the at least one traffic type comprises at least one of: a type of device-originated traffic, or a type of device-terminated traffic.
[0252] In some embodiments, the type of device-originated traffic comprises at least one of: a type of device-originated autonomous traffic, or a type of device-originated device-terminated triggered traffic.
[0253] In some embodiments, the at least one second channel is for at least one traffic type for at least one functionality, and the at least one functionality comprises at least one of:a functionality of inventory, a functionality of sensors, a functionality of command, or a functionality of positioning.
[0254] In some embodiments, the channel information comprises one of: a plurality of channel identifications associated with a plurality of traffic types, or a channel identification and an indication for at least one traffic type.
[0255] In some embodiments, the at least one channel comprises a shared channel or a service access point between a medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical layer of the first communication device.
[0256] In some embodiments, no radio bearer is for the backscattering, and wherein each traffic flow of the backscattering is mapped to a respective MAC channel, or wherein a plurality of traffic flows of the backscattering is mapped to a single MAC channel.
[0257] In some embodiments, at least one radio bearer is for the backscattering, the at least one radio bearer comprises one of: at least one signaling radio bearer for signaling and at least one data radio bearer for traffic of at least one traffic type, at least one data radio bearer for traffic of at least one traffic type, or a single radio bearer for both signaling and traffic of at least one traffic type.
[0258] In some embodiments, the at least one signaling radio bearer comprises: a single signaling radio bearer for non-access stratum signaling and radio resource control signaling, or a signaling radio bearer for non-access stratum signaling and a signaling radio bearer for radio resource control signaling.
[0259] In some embodiments, the at least one data radio bearer comprises: a single data radio bearer for traffic of a plurality of traffic types, or a plurality of data radio bearers for traffic of a plurality of traffic types.
[0260] In some embodiments, the energy information comprises at least one of: a first energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure, a second energy level available in a battery of the first communication device, a third energy level for leftover traffic or a next transmission, an energy level format, a quantity or level of electricity, or a transmission related status of the first communication device.
[0261] In some embodiments, at least one of the first, second or third energy level is in the energy level format, and the energy level format comprises one of: a format of an original energy level value, or a format of a quantified energy level value.
[0262] In some embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises: transmitting, to the first communication device, an indication of at least one of: a threshold energy level, a threshold value of a change of the energy information, or a threshold quantity of electricity.
[0263] In some embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises: in response to receiving the energy information, adjusting at least one of: a transmission power for a further ambient IoT signal to the first communication device, a bandwidth for the further ambient IoT signal, a period for transmitting ambient IoT signals to the first communication device, or a carrier wave for the further ambient IoT signal.
[0264] In some embodiments, the energy information is received via at least one of: a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , or a physical layer signal.
[0265] In some embodiments, at least one of: the channel information or an indication of at least one traffic type of the at least one channel is carried via at least one of: a physical layer signal of the first communication device, a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the first communication device, or a MAC PDU header.
[0266] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal indicates at least one channel identification of the at least one channel, and wherein an MAC PDU comprises at least one of: an MAC PDU header, a data field, an MAC service data unit (SDU) , or an MAC control element (CE) .
[0267] In some embodiments, a MAC layer signal indicates a length of data to be transmitted via the at least one channel.
[0268] In some embodiments, the MAC PDU header comprises a length of data field, or wherein the MAC SDU or MAC CE is of a fixed size, and the MAC PDU excludes the length of data field.
[0269] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal indicates at least one channel identification of the at least one channel, and wherein an MAC PDU comprises an MAC PDU header and one of: a data field, or an MAC service data unit (SDU) , the MAC PDU header excluding a length of data field.
[0270] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal further indicates at least one length of MAC PDU or data.
[0271] In some embodiments, traffic of a plurality of traffic types is transmitted via a single medium access control (MAC) channel or a single radio bearer, and wherein a physical layer signal of the first communication device comprises at least one of: an indication on whether the physical layer signal comprises an MAC protocol data unit (PDU) , a MAC PDU header comprising a length of data field, a data field, an MAC service data unit (SDU) , or an MAC control element (CE) .
[0272] In some embodiments, traffic of a plurality of traffic types is transmitted via a single medium access control (MAC) channel or a single radio bearer, and wherein a physical layer signal of the first communication device comprises at least one of: a length of an MAC protocol data unit (PDU) , an MAC PDU header, a data field, a MAC control element (CE) , or an MAC service data unit (SDU) .
[0273] In some embodiments, a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) comprises one or more MAC subPDUs, and wherein a physical layer signal indicates the number of MAC subPDUs or the number of the at least one channel of the first communication device and corresponding channel identifications of the at least one channel.
[0274] In some embodiments, a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) comprises one or more MAC subPDUs, and wherein a physical layer signal indicates a channel identification and an indication of an existence of a further channel identification.
[0275] In some embodiments, a physical layer signal of the first communication device indicates an existence of a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) .
[0276] In some embodiments, a physical layer signal of the first communication device indicates types of a plurality of medium access control (MAC) sub-protocol data units (subPDUs) or types of a plurality of channels for the backscattering.
[0277] In some embodiments, the physical layer signal indicates channel identifications of the plurality of channels and lengths of the plurality of MAC subPDUs.
[0278] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of MAC subPDUs comprises a data field or an MAC service data unit (SDU) , and each of the plurality of MAC subPDUs further comprises one of: a header of subPDU comprising a length of data field, or an MAC subheader excluding the lengths and the channel identifications.
[0279] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1300 implemented at a second communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1100 will be described from the perspective of the second communication device 120 in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B.
[0280] At block 1310, the second communication device 120 transmits, to a first communication device, a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal. At block 1320, the second communication device 120 receives, from the first communication device, a backscattering transmission based on the first ambient IoT signal, the backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure from the first communication device to the second communication device, wherein the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device.
[0281] In some embodiments, the access type indicates at least one of: a type of device-originated autonomous traffic or device-originated device-terminated triggered traffic, or a type of inventory functionality, sensors functionality, positioning functionality, or command functionality, or a traffic type of medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) or MAC service data unit (SDU) for at least one of: the backscattering transmission, or a further backscattering transmission subsequent to the backscattering transmission.
[0282] In some embodiments, the energy information comprises at least one of: a first energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure, a second energy level available in a battery of the first communication device, a third energy level for leftover traffic or a next transmission, an energy level format, a quantity or level of electricity, or a transmission related status of the first communication device.
[0283] In some embodiments, at least one of the first, second or third energy level is in the energy level format, and the energy level format comprises one of: a format of an original energy level value, or a format of a quantified energy level value.
[0284] In some embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to the first communication device, at least one of: a requested energy level, an indication to include the access control information in the backscattering transmission, a threshold number of a counter for transmission of the access control information, or a further threshold number for a counter for transmission of identifier information of the first communication device.
[0285] In some embodiments, the threshold number is indicated by at least one of: the first ambient IoT signal, or a response to the access procedure.
[0286] In some embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to the first communication device, a response to the access procedure; transmitting, to the first communication device, a second ambient IoT signal; and receiving a further backscattering transmission from the first communication device, the further backscattering transmission comprising at least a partial of the access control information of the first communication device.
[0287] In some embodiments, the partial of the access control information at least comprises the identifier information of the first communication device, the identifier information comprising a device identifier of the first communication device or a temporary identifier of the first communication device.
[0288] In some embodiments, the temporary identifier of the first communication device is comprised in the response to the access procedure.
[0289] FIG. 14 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1400 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1400 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1 A, or FIG. 1B. Accordingly, the device 1400 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first communication device 110, or second communication device 120.
[0290] As shown, the device 1400 includes a processor 1410, a memory 1420 coupled to the processor 1410, a suitable transmitter (TX) / receiver (RX) 1440 coupled to the processor 1410, and a communication interface coupled to the TX / RX 1440. The memory 1410 stores at least a part of a program 1430. The TX / RX 1440 is for bidirectional communications. The TX / RX 1440 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0291] The program 1430 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1410, enable the device 1400 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1A to 13) . The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1410 of the device 1400, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1410 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1410 and memory 1420 may form processing means 1450 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0292] The memory 1420 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1420 is shown in the device 1400, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1400. The processor 1410 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1400 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0293] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: in response to receiving an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmit, to the second communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first communication device as discussed above.
[0294] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: in response to receiving a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmit, to the second communication device, a backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure to the second communication device, wherein the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first communication device as discussed above.
[0295] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first communication device, an ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal; and receive, from the first communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second communication device as discussed above.
[0296] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first communication device, a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal; and receive, from the first communication device, a backscattering transmission based on the first ambient IoT signal, the backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure from the first communication device to the second communication device, wherein the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second communication device as discussed above.
[0297] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0298] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0299] In an aspect, it is proposed a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: determine a transmission power for a carrier for energy supplying; and transmit the carrier with the transmission power to a terminal device for performing a backscattering transmission.
[0300] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first communication device to: in response to receiving an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmit, to the second communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering.
[0301] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first communication device to: in response to receiving a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmit, to the second communication device, a backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure to the second communication device, wherein the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device.
[0302] In an aspect, it is proposed a second communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: transmit, to a first communication device, an ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal; and receive, from the first communication device via backscattering, at least one of: energy information of the first communication device, or channel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering.
[0303] In an aspect, it is proposed a second communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: transmit, to a first communication device, a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal; and receive, from the first communication device, a backscattering transmission based on the first ambient IoT signal, the backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure from the first communication device to the second communication device, wherein the access control information comprises at least one of: an indication of an access type of the first communication device, a type of the first communication device, a capability of the first communication device, identifier information of the first communication device, authentication information of the first communication device, security information of the first communication device, or energy information of the first communication device.
[0304] In an aspect, a first communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0305] In an aspect, a second communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0306] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0307] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0308] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0309] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0310] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0311] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1A to 13. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0312] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0313] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0314] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0315] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first communication device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first communication device to:in response to receiving an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmit, to the second communication device via backscattering, at least one of:energy information of the first communication device, orchannel information of at least one channel of the first communication device for the backscattering.2.The first communication device of claim 1, wherein the at least one channel comprises at least one medium access control (MAC) channel or at least one service access point between a MAC layer and at least one of: a service data adaptation protocol, or an application layer of the first communication device.3.The first communication device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one channel comprises at least one of:at least one first channel for at least one of: non-access stratum signaling, or radio resource control signaling,at least one second channel for traffic, ora third channel for both traffic and signaling.4.The first communication device of claim 3, wherein the at least one first channel comprises at least one of: a common control channel or a dedicated control channel, and the at least one second channel comprises at least one traffic channel.5.The first communication device of claim 1, wherein the at least one channel comprises a shared channel or a service access point between a medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical layer of the first communication device.6.The first communication device of claim 5, wherein no radio bearer is for the backscattering, andwherein each traffic flow of the backscattering is mapped to a respective MAC channel, orwherein a plurality of traffic flows of the backscattering is mapped to a single MAC channel.7.The first communication device of any of claims 1-6, wherein the energy information comprises at least one of:a first energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure,a second energy level available in a battery of the first communication device,a third energy level for leftover traffic or a next transmission,an energy level format,a quantity or level of electricity, ora transmission related status of the first communication device.8.The first communication device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first communication device to:in accordance with a determination that at least one of the following conditions is satisfied, transmit the energy information of the first communication device via the backscattering:a first condition that an energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure is lower than a threshold energy level or unable to support the backscattering or a transmission of buffer data,a second condition that the first communication device is in a state unable or disallowed to support the backscattering,a third condition that a leftover payload size is able to accommodate the energy information,a fourth condition that a change of the energy information of the first communication device is greater than or equal to a threshold value, ora fifth condition that a quantity of electricity after the backscattering is less than a threshold quantity.9.The first communication device of any of claims 1-8, wherein at least one of: the channel information or an indication of at least one traffic type of the at least one channel is carried via at least one of:a physical layer signal of the first communication device,a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the first communication device, ora MAC PDU header.10.The first communication device of any of claims 1-9, wherein traffic of a plurality of traffic types is transmitted via a single medium access control (MAC) channel or a single radio bearer, and wherein a physical layer signal of the first communication device comprises at least one of:an indication on whether the physical layer signal comprises a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) ,a MAC PDU header comprising a length of data field,a data field,a MAC service data unit (SDU) , ora MAC control element (CE) .11.The first communication device of any of claims 1-10, wherein a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) comprises one or more MAC subPDUs, andwherein a physical layer signal indicates the number of MAC subPDUs or the number of the at least one channel of the first communication device and corresponding channel identifications of the at least one channel.12.The first communication device of any of claims 1-11, wherein a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) comprises one or more MAC subPDUs, andwherein a physical layer signal indicates a channel identification and an indication of an existence of a further channel identification.13.The first communication device of any of claims 1-12, wherein a physical layer signal of the first communication device indicates an existence of a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) .14.A first communication device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: in response to receiving a first ambient Internet of things (IoT) signal from a second communication device, transmit, to the second communication device, a backscattering transmission comprising access control information for an access procedure to the second communication device,wherein the access control information comprises at least one of:an indication of an access type of the first communication device,a type of the first communication device,a capability of the first communication device,identifier information of the first communication device,authentication information of the first communication device,security information of the first communication device, orenergy information of the first communication device.15.The first communication device of claim 14, wherein the access type indicates at least one of:a type of device-originated autonomous traffic or device-originated device-terminated triggered traffic, ora type of inventory functionality, sensors functionality, positioning functionality, or command functionality, ora traffic type of medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) or MAC service data unit (SDU) for at least one of: the backscattering transmission, or a further backscattering transmission subsequent to the backscattering transmission.16.The first communication device of claim 15, wherein the energy information comprises at least one of:a first energy level obtained by an energy harvesting procedure,a second energy level available in a battery of the first communication device,a third energy level for leftover traffic or a next transmission,an energy level format,a quantity or level of electricity, ora transmission related status of the first communication device.17.The first communication device of any of claims 14-16, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first communication device to:in accordance with a determination that at least one of the following conditions is satisfied, transmit the access control information to the second communication device:a first condition that the first communication device matches at least one of: an energy level requested by the first ambient IoT signal, or a pre-configured energy level,a second condition that the first ambient IoT signal indicates to include the access control information in the backscattering transmission,a third condition that a counter for transmission of the access control information is larger than or equal to a threshold number, ora fourth condition that the access control information is changed.18.The first communication device of any of claims 14-17, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first communication device to:receive, from the second communication device, a response to the access procedure; andin response to receiving a second ambient IoT signal from the second communication device, transmit, to the second communication device, a further backscattering transmission comprising at least partial of the access control information of the first communication device.19.The first communication device of claim 18, wherein the partial of the access control information at least comprises the identifier information of the first communication device, the identifier information comprising a device identifier of the first communication device or a temporary identifier of the first communication device.20.The first communication device of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first communication device to:in accordance with a determination that a counter of transmission of the identifier information is less than a threshold value, include the temporary identifier of the first communication device in the further backscattering transmission; andin accordance with a determination that the counter is larger than or equal to the threshold value, include the device identifier of the first communication device in the further backscattering transmission.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Backscatter communication method and related equipment
CN114828185A
Wireless communication method, terminal device and network device
CN117652192A
Wireless communication method, terminal device, and network device
WO2023004748A1
Wireless communication method and apparatus, and communication device
WO2023010321A1
BSC terminal capability reporting method and apparatus, terminal, and network side device
WO2023066318A1