Methods, devices and medium for failure detection
The intermediate device in Ambient-IoT networks detects connection failures and triggers network node reselection, enhancing communication robustness and reducing transmission delays.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/074039
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-03-17
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
AI Technical Summary
The mobility of intermediate nodes in Ambient-IoT networks can cause connection interruptions between A-IoT devices and network nodes, leading to longer delays in uplink and downlink transmissions.
An intermediate device detects failures in connections with terminal devices and network nodes, and a network node performs reselection of another intermediate device to maintain communication robustness.
This solution enables timely detection and mitigation of connection failures, improving the reliability and efficiency of A-IoT communications by ensuring continuous data transmission.
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Figure CN2025074039_25092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS, DEVICES AND MEDIUM FOR FAILURE DETECTIONFIELDS
[0001] Various embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices and computer readable storage medium for failure detection.BACKGROUND
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] Wireless Internet of Thing (IoT) devices are often battery powered. Both battery changing or replacement and battery lifetime may be concerns for many potential applications such as asset tracking, or environmental or industrial sensors. In the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) , a work on the ZE-IoT technology has started which includes a study item “Ambient-IoT” (or A-IoT or A IoT) . The wireless communication industry has been interested in zero-energy (ZE) devices or ZE-IoT devices. The ZE devices refer to wireless IoT devices that do not require battery replacement and can harvest energy from the environment. In some use cases, such as monitoring of the temperature of foodstuffs, the ZE devices may have small batteries that are disposable (e.g., organic and / or compostable) , rechargeable or have very limited capacity.
[0004] In addition, these ZE-IoT devices can be of very small form factor and may even be printable. The ZE-IoT devices target ultra-low power consumption to enable operations based on either energy-harvesting from an ambient sources or back-scattering communications such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) communications. Instead of relying on energy provided by a battery, a ZE-IoT device is harvested from vibrations, solar power, radio frequency (RF) and / or the like (in the harvesting cases) . Alternatively, the ZE-IoT device is provided with a charge carrier wave which is modulated and reflected back to a reader (in the back-scattering communication cases) . This enables energy autonomous operations during the lifetime of the ZE-IoT devices without a need for either manual replacement or charging of the batteries.SUMMARY
[0005] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0006] Some types of connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks and devices are specified in TR 38.848 Version 18.0.0. In Topology 2, an A-IoT device may communicate with a gNB via an intermediate node (also referred to as an intermediate device) . A movement state of intermediate node which is allocated indoor may be fixed or mobile or changed between fixed and mobile. However, the mobility of the intermediate node may cause a connection interruption between the A-IoT device and the gNB, which may cause longer delay of uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmissions between the A-IoT device and the gNB.
[0007] To overcome or mitigate at least one of the above-mentioned problems or other problems or provide a useful solution, embodiments of the present disclosure propose methods, devices and storage medium for failure detection.
[0008] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method at an intermediate device. In the method, the intermediate device detects a failure of at least one first connection between the intermediate device and at least one terminal device and / or a failure of a second connection between the intermediate device and a first network node.
[0009] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method at a network node. In the method, the network node receives, from a first intermediate device, an indication for a failure of at least one first connection between the first intermediate device and at least one terminal device and / or a failure of a second connection between the first intermediate device and a first network node or a risk of the failure. The network node performs reselection of a second intermediate device to serve the at least one terminal device.
[0010] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an intermediate device. The intermediate device comprises a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory containing instructions executable by the processor, whereby the terminal device is operative to perform the method according to the first aspect.
[0011] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a network node. The network node comprises a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory containing instructions executable by the processor, whereby the terminal device is operative to perform the method according to the second aspect.
[0012] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to the first or second aspect.
[0013] With the present disclosure, connection failure events may be determined in an intermediate device in a first connection with a terminal device and / or a second connection with a network node, thereby improving the robustness of communications between the terminal device and the network node.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, where the same reference generally refers to the same components in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate topologies in TR 38.848 Version 1.0.0.
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication environment in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0017] FIG. 3 is a signal diagram showing a communication process between a terminal device, an intermediate device and a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 4 is diagrams showing an example process performed at an intermediate node in accordance some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a flowchart of an example method at an intermediate device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a flowchart of an example method at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 7 shows a communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 8 shows a computer readable storage medium in accordance with some embodiments.
[0023] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0024] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a UE in accordance with some embodiments.
[0025] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a network node in accordance with some embodiments.
[0026] FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.
[0028] Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a / an / the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and / or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
[0029] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the disclosure.
[0030] As used herein, the terms "first" , "second" and so forth refer to different elements. The singular forms "a" and "an" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises" , "comprising" , "has" , "having" , "includes" and / or "including" as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components and the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The term "based on" is to be read as "based at least in part on" . The term "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be read as "at least one embodiment" . The term "another embodiment" is to be read as "at least one other embodiment" . Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0031] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to a device which is intended for accessing services via an access network and configured to communicate over the access network. The terminal device may be able to communicate with a network node, such as a base station, or with another terminal device by transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals. For instance, the terminal device may include, but is not limited to: a mobile phone, a smart phone, a sensor device, a meter, a vehicle, a household appliance, a medical appliance, a media player, a camera, or any type of consumer electronic, for instance, but not limited to, a television, radio, lighting arrangement, a tablet computer, a laptop, a personal computer (PC) , or an Internet of Thing (IoT) device. The terminal device may also include a portable, pocketstorable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile device, enabled to communicate voice and / or data, via a wireless connection. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0032] As used herein, the term “network device” or “network node” refers to a device in a communication network via which a terminal device receives services from the network. The terms “network node” , “network function” may be used interchangeably. A network function can be implemented either as a network element on a dedicated hardware, as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualised function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g., on a cloud infrastructure. The network node comprises an access network node via which a terminal device accesses an access network. Examples of access network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and newNR NodeBs (gNBs) ) . In the following description, the terms “network device” , “network node” , “base station” and “BS” may be used interchangeably.
[0033] As used herein, the term “communication device” refers to a device capable of communications. Examples of a communication device may comprise a terminal device and a network device.
[0034] The following connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks and devices are defined for the purposes of the study. In all these topologies, the A-IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from other node (s) either inside or outside the topology. The links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional.
[0035] It is to be noted that a BS, a UE, an assisting node, or an intermediate node may be multiple BSs, UEs, assisting nodes, or intermediate nodes, respectively. The mixture of indoor and outdoor placement of such nodes is regarded as a network implementation choice. It will be necessary to take account of potential impact on device or node complexity. In the connectivity topologies, this does not imply the existence of multi-hop assisting or intermediate nodes. Different topologies are illustrated in below with reference to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B respectively.
[0036] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of Topology 1 in TR 38.848 Version 1.0.0. As shown is FIG. 1A, a topology 110 includes a base station 110 and an A-IoT device 114. In the topology 110, the A-IoT device 114 directly and bidirectionally communicates with the base station 112. The communication between the base station 112 and the A-IoT device 114 includes A-IoT data and / or signaling. The topology 110 includes a possibility that the base station 112 transmitting to the A-IoT device 114 is different from the base station 112 receiving from the A-IoT device 114.
[0037] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of Topology 2 in TR 38.848 Version 1.0.0. As shown is FIG. 1B, a topology 120 includes the base station 112, the A-IoT device 114, and an intermediate node 122. In the topology 120, the A-IoT device 114 communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node 122 between the A-IoT device 114 and the base station 112. In this topology, the intermediate node 122 may be a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc. which is capable of supporting ambient IoT. The intermediate node 122 transfers A-IoT data and / or signaling between the base station 112 and the A-IoT device 114.
[0038] Deployment scenarios for Ambient-IoT described in clause 4 of TR 38.848 Version 18.0.0 include deployment scenario 1 with device indoors, base station indoors; and deployment scenario 2 with device indoors, base station outdoors. Regarding device categories, A-IoT devices are characterized in the study according to energy storage capacity of the devices, and capability of generating radio frequency (RF) signals for their transmissions. The study considers that a device has no energy storage at all or has a limited energy storage.
[0039] Relying on storage capacities, the study considers the following set of A-IoT devices including Device A with no energy storage, and no independent signal generation / amplification, i.e. backscattering transmission; Device B which has an energy storage, and no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission. The use of stored energy may include amplification for reflected signals. The study further considers Device C which has an energy storage, and independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission.
[0040] A limited energy storage may be different among implementations within Device B or implementations within Device C, and may be different between Device B and Device C. Such storage is expected to be order (s) of magnitude smaller than an NB-IoT device may typically include. The Device A, Device B, and Device C are able to demodulate control, data, etc. from the relevant entity in RAN according to connectivity topology.
[0041] As mentioned above, a work on Ambient-IoT has started in 3GPP. TR 22.840 Version 19.0.0 is being developed by SA1 to capture potential use cases, traffic scenarios, device constraints of A-IoT and identify potential service requirements as well as key performance indicators (KPIs) . Meanwhile, a study item at RAN plenary level RP-222685, “Study on Ambient IoT” is being carried out with a focus on the feasibility of meeting design targets for relevant use cases of Ambient IoT and the outcome is being reported in TR 38.848 Version 18.0.0.
[0042] Eventually, a study idem description (SID) RP-234058, “Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR” is agreed to study A-IoT in 3GPP Rel-19, in which, part of study scope is captured as follows. The definitions provided in TR 38.848 Version 18.0.0 are taken into this study item (SI) , and the following are the exclusive general scope. The overall objective may be to study a harmonized air interface design with minimized differences (where necessary) for Ambient IoT to enable the following devices: i. ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither downlink (DL) nor uplink (UL) amplification in the device. The UL transmission of the device is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. ii. ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial SFO up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The UL transmission of the device may be generated internally by the device, or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0043] X is to be decided in work groups (WGs) . The coverage design target is maximum distance of 10-50 m with device indoors as per TR 38.848 Version 18.0.0: "…a range that WGs can sub-select within" . For Topologies 1 &2 (UE as intermediate node under NW control) per TR 38.848 Version 18.0.0, with no RRC states, no mobility (i.e. at least no cell selection / re-selection -like function) , no hybrid automatic repeat quest (HARQ) , no automatic repeat quest (ARQ) . It is to be understood that "≤ a few hundred μW" means WGs are not tasked with setting a particular value, and that it will be for WG discussions to determine if a presented design with corresponding power consumption satisfies the "≤ a few hundred μW " requirement.
[0044] Deployment Scenarios have the following characteristics, referenced to the tables in Clause 4.2.2 of TR 38.848 Version 18.0.0. Deployment scenario 1 with Topology 1 includes base station and coexistence characteristics: micro-cell, co-site. Deployment scenario 2 with Topology 2 and UE as intermediate node, under network control includes base station and coexistence characteristics: macro-cell, co-site. The location of intermediate node is indoor.
[0045] A-IoT device may utilize Frequency Range 1 (FR1) licensed spectrum in Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) ; spectrum deployment in-band to new radio (NR) , in guard-band to long term evolutoin (LTE) / NR, in standalone band (s) ; traffic types Device-originated (DO) -device-terminated triggered (DTT) , Device-terminated (DT) , with focus on rUC1 (indoor inventory) and rUC4 (indoor command) . From RAN#104, the study will assess whether the harmonized air interface design (per bullet 'A 'a bove) can address the DO-A (Device-originated autonomous) use case, only to identify which part (s) of the harmonized air interface design (per bullet 'A 'a bove) is / are not sufficient for the DO-Ause case. Transmission from Ambient IoT device (including backscattering when used) can occur at least in UL spectrum.
[0046] RFID, which stands for Radio-Frequency Identification, is a technology that uses radio waves to identify and track objects or people. In the context of RFID, "inventory" and "query" are terms used to describe two fundamental operations related to the identification and tracking of RFID tags.
[0047] Inventory in RFID refers to the process of identifying and listing all RFID tags within the read range of an RFID reader. The RFID reader sends out radio signals to activate RFID tags in its vicinity. Tags within range respond by transmitting their unique identifier (ID) information to the reader. The reader captures and records this information, creating a list or inventory of all the tags present. Query in RFID involves a specific request to obtain information from a particular RFID tag. Unlike inventory, where the RFID reader captures information from all tags in its range, a query is a targeted request for information from a specific tag. The reader sends a query command to the desired tag, and the tag responds with its unique identifier or other relevant data. This allows for more selective communication with individual RFID tags.
[0048] In summary, inventory is a broader operation that involves identifying and listing all RFID tags within the reader's range, while a query is a more specific operation that targets a particular RFID tag to retrieve specific information. Both inventory and query operations are essential in RFID systems for tracking, managing, and collecting data about objects or people with RFID tags.
[0049] An intermediate node, as one of essential equipment / device in Topology 2 different from Topology 1, which transfers (e.g., transparently) / adapts (e.g., convert information / message) / initiates (e.g., owned information / message) A-IoT data and / or signaling between a serving network node such as a base station (BS) and a network (NW) and an A-IoT device is going to be studied in the upcoming 3GPP release, i.e., Rel-19. Since of the priority application scenarios for example warehouse / inventory / factory, the movement state of intermediate node which is allocated indoor may be fixed or mobile or changed between fixed and mobile. It appears that to enable normal communication between the network node and the A-IoT device via the intermediate node, the intermediate node may maintain a valid / stable connection to the network node and the A-IoT device respectively.
[0050] Eventually, at the least the mobility of the intermediate node, more specifically the interruption of connection due to mobility, may be considered for the whole framework of A-IoT communication. Considering the time period completing one entire operation (e.g., inventory / query command) to all A-IoT devices served by the intermediate node may be up to several seconds, the connection interruption during the operation may cause longer delay.
[0051] Certain aspects of the disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution for failure detection. This solution allows an intermediate device (also referred to as an intermediate node) to detect a failure of at least one first connection between the intermediate device and at least one terminal device (such as an A-IoT device) and / or a failure of a second connection between the intermediate device and a network node (such as a BS) .
[0052] With this solution, connection failure events may be determined in an intermediate device in an interface with an A-IoT device (referred to as an A-IoT interface) and / or an interface with a network node (referred to as a Uu interface) , thereby improving the robustness of A-IoT communication with architecture of topology 2.
[0053] It is to be noted that although the issue is originating from a mechanism for ambient AIoT or ZE-IoT devices, the proposed solution herein may be applied in general for different types of terminal devices including both low power devices and normal devices.
[0054] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication environment 200 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 2, the communication environment 200 includes a plurality of terminal devices 210-1, …, 210-N (e.g., UEs or A-IoT devices or tags) , respectively or collectively referred to as terminal device (s) 210. N represents a positive integer. The plurality of terminal devices 210-1, …, 210-N may communicate with a first network device 220 (e.g., a base station or gNB) via one or more intermediate device (or node or UE) 230-1, …, 230-M (such as a reader) , respectively or collectively referred to as intermediate device (s) 230. M represents a positive integer. The intermediate device 230 may implemented by a terminal device such as a UE or a network node.
[0056] The communication environment 200 further includes a second network node 240 which may operate as a core network device. The second network node 240 may perform a management function for the communications or services of the terminal device 210s. For example, the second network node 240 may operate as e.g., Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , a Session Management Function (SMF) , or a specific CN entity handling A-IoT services.
[0057] Communications in the communication environment 200 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocols and technologies. It is to be understood that the numbers of devices are illustrated in FIG. 2 only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 200 may include any suitable numbers of terminal devices and network devices for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the communication environment 200 may include another network node (referred to as a third network node) which may serve the intermediate device 230-1 as the intermediate device 230-1 moves towards a coverage area of the third network node. In the case that the intermediate device 230-1 moves, another intermediate device 230-M may serve as a relay between the plurality of terminal devices 210 and the first network node 220.
[0058] In the following, use cases with ultra-low power devices, zero-energy (based on backscattering or energy harvesting, or both backscattering and energy harvesting) , or IoT devices may be considered and assumed. However, the proposal mechanisms may not be limited to such devices, and can be extended to other service or device classes or categories, e.g., related to Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) , massive-MTC, Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) , Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) , etc.
[0059] In the following, the procedures which the terminal device 210 conducts covering DL reception and UL transmission includes measurements for radio link monitoring and / or mobility purposes, paging monitoring, logging / reporting measurement results, tracking area update, searching for a new Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) , random access or other access scheme, camping on a cell, cell change, data transmission and reception etc. In a general view, these procedures will consume power in devices.
[0060] In some embodiments, the term “radio access network node” or “RAN node” may be used which may be a network node (e.g., the serving network device 220 or the neighbor network device 230) or a UE (e.g., the terminal device 210) . Examples of network nodes are NodeB, base station (BS) , multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, gNodeB, MeNB, SeNB, location measurement unit (LMU) , integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, network controller, radio network controller (RNC) , base station controller (BCS) , relay, IAB, repeater, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS) , Central Unit (e.g. in a gNB) , Distributed Unit (e.g. in a gNB) , Baseband Unit, Centralized Baseband, C-RAN, access point (AP) , transmission points, transmission nodes, transmission reception point (TRP) , RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS) , core network node (e.g. MCS, MME, etc. ) , O&M, OSS, SON, positioning node (e.g. E-SMLC) , etc. In particular, in A-IoT scenario the RAN nodes comprise intermediate node / UE (e.g., relay UE, IAB, repeater etc. ) and assisting node / UE (e.g., relay UE, IAB, repeater etc. ) . In particular, in A-IoT scenarios the RAN nodes comprise intermediate node / UE (e.g., relay UE, IAB, repeater etc. ) and assisting node / UE (e.g., relay UE, IAB, repeater etc. ) .
[0061] The term time resource used herein may correspond to any type of physical resource or radio resource expressed in terms of length of time. An example of time resources is a symbol, a time slot, a subframe, a radio frame, a transmit time interval (TTI) , an interleaving time, a slot, a sub-slot, a mini-slot, a system frame number (SFN) cycle, a hyper-SFN (H-SFN) cycle etc.
[0062] The Uu interface in 3GPP New Radio (NR) refers to the air interface between the User Equipment (UE) , such as a mobile device, and the gNB (Next-Generation NodeB) .
[0063] In this present disclosure, the terms “polling” , “poll” , “paging” , “page” , “inventory” , “query” and “interrogate” may be used to represent one or more than one signal transmitted by a network node broadcast wise or specially to a dedicated UE. The purpose of the signal is to facilitate / serve / manage / command one or more than one UE to synchronize to the network node (DL / UL synchronize to a reference time / frame / symbol, or synchronize to one or more than one signal which the UE receives from the network node, or synchronize based on a pre-defined rule) , receive DL data, response and transmit UL data correctly in intended resources. The content of such signal may be a particular reference signal or a signal carrying control information and / or data. Such signal may be transmitted periodically or a periodically configured by the network node. In this present disclosure, “A-IoT UE” , “A-IoT device” , “device” , or “UE” may be used interchangeably. In the following, these terms “polling” , “poll” , “paging” , “page” , “inventory” , “query” and “interrogate” may be used interchangeably.
[0064] Connection interruption in the present disclosure is referred to the case that the connection is suspended or lost or stopped, then the connection may be resumed with respect to various already defined / to be defined mechanisms (e.g. cell change, handover, conditional handover, radio link resource (RRC) re-establishment, radio link failure, radio link recovery, loss CWT etc. ) .
[0065] In some embodiments, the proposed solution (s) allows the intermediate device 130 to operate, including e.g., maintain / restart / resume signal / command / data transmission in downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) , the terminal device 210 (such as an A-IoT device) with respect to the conditions of the connection between the intermediate device 230 and the first network node 220 and between the intermediate device 230 and the terminal device 210.
[0066] In some embodiments, the intermediate device 230 may update the UL transmission on data provided by the terminal device 210 to the first network node 220 after the intermediate device 230 losses the connection to the first network node 220 and resumes the connection to the first network node 220 or another network node (or the third network node) . In some embodiments, the first network node 220 may reselect the intermediate device 230 after the intermediate device 230 losses the connection to the terminal device 210.
[0067] In some embodiments, the solution may further include the criteria for determining the failure / interruption to the intermediate device 230, which comprises failure / interruption detection, for example, on A-IoT interface and Uu interface separately. Specifically, for Uu interface, the intermediate device 230 may send an early warning message to the first network node 220 (e.g., the RAN node) indicating that the Uu connection is risky to loose / degrade so that the first network node 220 may trigger reselection of the intermediate device 230 before the connection is dropped.
[0068] In some embodiments, the solution may further include the signaling / assistance information which is served for indicating how to update the UL transmission provided by the terminal device 210 at proper time instance.
[0069] In this way, connection failure events may be determined in the intermediate device 220, e.g., in A-IoT interface and Uu interface. The connection failure events may be further handled in the intermediate device 230 in A-IoT interface and Uu interface.
[0070] FIG. 3 is a signal diagram showing a communication process 300 between a terminal device 210, the intermediate device 230 and the first network device 220 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0071] As shown in FIG. 3, the intermediate device 230 communicates with the terminal device 210 via a first connection 305 and communicates with the first network node 220 via a second connection 310. For example, the intermediate device 230 may receive a UL transmission from the terminal device 210 and deliver or relay it to the first network node 220. Similarly, the intermediate device 230 may receive a DL transmission from the first network node 220 and deliver or relay it to the terminal device 210.
[0072] There may be a failure / interruption in an interface between the terminal device 210 and the intermediate 230, particularly when the inventory / query session / procedure / command is ongoing. In the process 300, the intermediate device 230 detects (315) a failure of at least one first connection between the intermediate device 230 and at least one terminal device 210.
[0073] In some embodiments, the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) that the at least one first connection 305 is failed, based on no response or no positive response having been received from the at least one terminal device 210 after at least one transmission from the intermediate device 230 to the at least one terminal device 210. For example, if the intermediate device 230 has not received any response (or any positive response) from the terminal device 210 over a configured / preconfigured time period after the intermediate node has sent a (N) DL command (s) / signaling message (s) (e.g., inventory command (s) ) to the terminal device 210, the intermediate device 230 may determine the potential failure of the first connection 305.
[0074] Alternatively, or in addition, the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) that the at least one first connection is failed, based on measured quality of at least one channel between the intermediate device 230 and the at least one terminal device 210 being lower than or a threshold. For example, if the measured radio channel quality such as Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP) , Reference Signal Receiving Quality (RSRQ) , a Reference Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) , Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) , Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) etc. for reception of transmissions from the terminal device 210 is below a threshold (over a time period) , the intermediate device 230 may determine the potential failure of the first connection 305.
[0075] Alternatively, or in addition, the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) that the at least one first connection is failed, based on no transmission having been received from the at least one terminal device over a time period. For example, if the intermediate device 230 has not received any transmission from the terminal device 210 over a time period, , the intermediate device 230 may determine the potential failure of the first connection 305.
[0076] Based on the detecting of the failure of the at least one first connection 305, the intermediate device 230 may transmit (320) , to the first network node 220, information related to the at least one first connection 305. Alternatively, or in addition, the intermediate device 230 may transmit such information to the second network node 240 such as a CN node. For example, the intermediate device 230 may send signaling to the first network node 220 (the gNB) or the second network node 240 such as a CN node (e.g., AMF, SMF, or a specific CN entity handling A-IoT services) concerning the terminal device 210 such as an A-IoT device) when at least one of the above failure events occurs (e.g., failure events in A-IoT interface) .
[0077] In some embodiments, the information related to the at least one first connection may include at least one failure event of the at least one first connection 305 such as the failure event / reason why the signaling is triggered e.g., one of the above failure events. Alternatively, or in addition, this information may include an identifier (ID) of the at least one terminal device 210, an identifier of a group of terminal devices including the at least one terminal device 210 such as an ID of the device group, an identifier of an area associated with at least one of the first network node or the at least one terminal device such as an ID of the area, and / or an identifier of the first network node 220.
[0078] In some embodiments, if the intermediate device 230 detects a failure of the at least one first connection, the intermediate device 230 may transmit, to at least one of the first network node 220 or the second network node 240, an indication that the intermediate device 230 has experienced at least one failure of at least one link towards the at least one terminal device 210. In an example, when any one of the failure events (as described in the above embodiments) , the intermediate device 230 may declare that the intermediate device 230 has experienced “radio link failure” towards the terminal device 210.
[0079] In some embodiments, if the intermediate device 230 detects a failure of a group of connections between the intermediate device and a group of terminal devices including the at least one terminal device 210, the intermediate device 230 may transmit, to at least one of the first network node 220 or the second network node 240, an indication that the intermediate device 230 has experienced failures of links towards the group of terminal devices.
[0080] In an example, the intermediate device 230 may send signaling to the gNB or a CN node indicating that a group of A-IoT devices have experienced one of the above failure events. Alternatively, the signaling indicates that the intermediate device 230 has experienced / declared “radio link failure” towards a group of terminal devices. In this case, the intermediate device 230 has detected failure events for at least X (<= the group size) devices in the group.
[0081] In some embodiments, if the intermediate device 230 detects a failure of one or more connections between the intermediate device and one or more terminal devices 210 in an area, the intermediate device 230 may transmit, to at least one of the first network node 220 or the second network node 240, an indication that the intermediate device 230 has experienced one or more failures of one or more links towards one or more terminal devices 210 in the area.
[0082] In an example, the intermediate device 230 may send signaling to the gNB or a CN node indicating that the intermediate device 230 has experienced / declared “radio link failure” towards the terminal devices 210 in an area. The area may be a subarea or a whole area managed by the first network node 220 e.g., a RAN node. In this case, the intermediate device 230 has detected failure events for at least X (<= the group size) devices in the area.
[0083] In some embodiments, at least one of the information or the indication may be transmitted to at least one of the first network node 220 or the second network node 240 based on the number of terminal devices 210 being greater than or equal to a threshold. In an example, the intermediate device 230 may declare that the intermediate device 230 has experienced “radio link failure” and send signaling to the gNB or a CN node indicating failure events, provided the intermediate device 230 determines the number of A-IoT devices, which have experienced one of the above failure events, is larger than a threshold. Alternatively, or in addition, the intermediate device 230 may declare “radio link failure” if the ratio between number of A-IoT devices, which have experienced one of the above failure events, and all A-IoT devices served by the intermediate node is larger than a threshold.
[0084] As shown in FIG. 3, the intermediate device 230 transmits (320) , to the first network node 220, an indication for a failure of at least one first connection 305 between the intermediate device 230 and at least one terminal device. Correspondingly, the first network node 220 receives (325) such an indication. Then, the first network node 220 performs (330) reselection of another intermediate device to serve the at least one terminal device 210. In the scenario of reselection of the intermediate device, a current intermediate device may be referred to as a first intermediate device e.g., the intermediate device 230-1, and a target intermediate device may be referred to as second intermediate device e.g., the intermediate device 230-M in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, for the reselection of the intermediate device, the first network node may release the second connection 320 to the first intermediate device; and establish a connection to the second intermediate device.
[0085] In some embodiments, upon reception of signaling from the intermediate device 230 indicating that the intermediate device 230 has experience / is experiencing one of the failure events towards one or multiple terminal devices 210, the first network node 220 may decide to reselect another intermediate device (or additionally select another intermediate device) to serve those terminal devices 210. The reselect procedure may include stopping / releasing the connection to the current intermediate device and setting up the connection to the target intermediate node.
[0086] In some embodiments, the first network node 220 may send, to a further network node such as the second network node 240 or the third network node to serve the first intermediate device, information indicating at least one of: the first intermediate device, the second intermediate device, the at least one terminal device or a group of terminal devices including the at least one terminal device, a service affected by the failure, or an area affected by the failure.
[0087] In an example, the first network node 220 may signal the second network node 240 one of the below information: the intermediate node which has experienced the failure events, and therefore it will be stopped to as an intermediate node; the intermediate node which has been reselected or additionally selected to be an intermediate node; the affected A-IoT devices or device groups; the affected A-IoT services (e.g., inventory, command, or sensor data reporting etc. ) ; the affected area (s) .
[0088] Alternatively, or in addition, the intermediate node 230 may transmit the signaling to the second network node 240 indicating that the intermediate device 230 has experience / is experiencing one of the failure events towards one or multiple terminal devices 210 (e.g., A-IoT devices) . After that, upon reception of the signaling from the intermediate node 230) , the second network node 240 may decide to reselect another intermediate node (or additionally select another intermediate node) to serve those terminal devices 210.
[0089] In addition to or instead of the failure of the first connection 305 between the intermediate device 230 and the terminal device 210, there may be a failure / interruption in the second connection 310 between the intermediate device 230 and the first network node 220, e.g., an interface between the first network node 220 and the intermediate device 230, particularly when the inventory / query session / procedure / command is ongoing.
[0090] In one embodiment, the intermediate device 230 has experienced / is experiencing / will experience one of the below events on the second connection 310, e.g., the Uu connection (i.e., the interface between the intermediate node and a gNB) , while the intermediate device 230 is performing / under performing an inventory round / scheduling round towards one or multiple terminal devices 210 (e.g., A-IoT devices) .
[0091] In this case, the intermediate device 230 may experience interruption, e.g., on the Uu connection. Thus, the on-going inventory round / scheduling round may be negatively impacted so that certain terminal devices 210 may not be able to provide response / transmissions to the intermediate device 230 or to the network (NW) via the intermediate device 230 within an expected time period.
[0092] In some embodiments, the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) that the second connection 310 is failed, based on the intermediate device 230 having been instructed by the first network node 220 to perform a handover. For example, if the intermediate device 230 has been instructed by the first network node 220 (e.g., a RAN node) to perform a handover / cell change / carrier switch, the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) a penitential failure of the second connection 310.
[0093] Alternatively, or in addition, the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) that the second connection 310 is failed, based on the intermediate device having triggered a handover. For example, if the intermediate device 230 has triggered a conditional handover (CHO) , the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) a penitential failure of the second connection 310.
[0094] Alternatively, or in addition, the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) that the second connection 310 is failed, based on the intermediate device having detected a beam failure or radio link failure. For example, if the intermediate device 230 has detected / declared beam failure or RLF) , the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) a penitential failure of the second connection 310.
[0095] Alternatively, or in addition, the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) that the second connection 310 is failed, based on the intermediate device having been triggered to perform a beam switch or a bandwidth switch. For example, if the intermediate device 230 has been triggered to perform a beam switch or a BWP switch, the intermediate device 230 may determine (315) a penitential failure of the second connection 310.
[0096] In some embodiments, the intermediate device 230 may transmit (320) , to the first network node 220, information related to one or more unreachable terminal devices, based on the detecting of the failure of the second connection. Alternatively, or in addition, the intermediate device 230 may transmit such information to the second network node 240.
[0097] In an example, the intermediate device 230 may send signaling to the first network node 220 (e.g., the gNB) or the second network node 240 (e.g., a CN node) (e.g., after handover, radio link reestablishment, or beam / BWP switch) informing them of the terminal devices 210 which cannot be inventoried / reached by the intermediate device 230 due to interruption on the second connection 310 (e.g., the Uu connection) . The intermediate device 230 may also indicate failure events in the signaling.
[0098] In some embodiments, the intermediate device 230 may transmit (320) , to at least one of the first network node 220 or the second network node 240, an indication of a risk of a failure of the second connection 310, based on detecting that the second connection 310 is potentially failed.
[0099] In one embodiment, the intermediate device 230 may indicate the risk of the connection failure / interruption in the second connection 310 (e.g., the Uu interface) between the intermediate device 230 and the first network node 220 (e.g., the gNB) by reporting an early warning message to the first network node 220 and / or the second network node 240. The early warning message may instruct the first network node 220 or the second network node 240 (e.g., the gNB or CN node) to reselect another intermediate device to continue the inventory session / procedure / command, e.g., reception of the rest UL transmission.
[0100] In some embodiments, after an interruption of the at least one of the first connection 305 or the second connection 310 is resumed, the intermediate device 230 may transmit at least one first message to at least one of the first network node 220, the second network node 240 or the third network node to serve the intermediate device 230. For example, the intermediate device 230 may indicate / request / provide the first network node 220 of some content relevant to the UL transmission by the terminal device 210 (e.g., an A-IoT device) , after resuming from connection interruption to the network node.
[0101] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may contain or include a reason of the interruption. For example, the at least one first message may include the reason why the interruption occurs, e.g., handover, conditional handover, radio link failure, congestion, short of resources etc. Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may contain the at least one of the at least one first connection 305 or the second connection 310 detected to be interrupted. For example, the at least one first message may include the connections / communications which experience interruption, e.g., the connection between the terminal device 210 and the intermediate device 230 and / or the communication between the intermediate device 230 and the first network node 220 (e.g., the RAN node) .
[0102] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may contain an indication of a completed or uncompleted transmission from the at least one terminal device triggered before the interruption. For example, the at least one first message may include an indication of completed / uncompleted UL transmission triggered by the last / latest DL command / signal before the interruption.
[0103] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may contain an estimated time period for receiving a rest part of a transmission from the at least one terminal device after the interruption, the transmission from the at least one terminal device having been triggered before the interruption. For example, the at least one first message may include an estimated time period for receiving the rest UL transmission triggered by the last / latest DL command / signal after the interruption.
[0104] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may contain a request or notification to continue, resume or restart reception of a transmission from the at least one terminal device 210 for completing the transmission, without further signaling from the first network node 220. For example, the at least one first message may include a request / notification to continue / resume / restart reception of the UL transmission for completing all UL transmissions, before / without any new signaling from the first network node 220 to command / request the UL transmission.
[0105] In an example, in the request case, the intermediate device 230 may operate the UL transmission after receiving a further positive response, e.g., acknowledge message from the first network node 220. In the notification case, the intermediate device 230 may operate the UL transmission directly without waiting a further response from the first network node 220.
[0106] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may contain a request for retriggering, by the first network node 220, a transmission from the at least one terminal device 210 to the intermediate device 230. For example, the at least one first message may request the first network node 220 to resend the command / signaling triggering the UL transmission to the intermediate device 230. Tthe command / signaling may be represented by a DL logical channel (LCH) ID in which the first network node 220 has sent the command / signaling to the intermediate device 230.
[0107] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may contain association information of the interruption. The association information may contain at least one of: an identifier or a group identifier associated with a terminal device of the at least one terminal device, wherein a transmission from the intermediate device to the terminal device has been performed, an identifier (ID) or a group identifier associated with a terminal device of the at least one terminal device, wherein a transmission from the terminal device has been received by the intermediate device, or an identifier or a group identifier associated with a terminal device of the at least one terminal device, wherein no transmission from the terminal device has been received by the intermediate device.
[0108] For example, the association information may contain: an ID or group ID or various purpose identity of the A-IoT device to which the intermediate device 230 has sent DL command / signaling. Alternatively, or in addition, the association information may contain an ID or group ID or various purpose identity of the A-IoT device from which the intermediate device 230 has received UL transmission. Alternatively, or in addition, the association information may contain an ID or group ID or various purpose identity of the A-IoT device from which the intermediate device 230 has not received UL transmission.
[0109] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may be transmitted in at least one of: a random access procedure, a dynamic or configured grant resource, or a plurality of transmission occasions for a transmission towards the first network device. In an example, the intermediate device 230 may include one or more than one of the aforementioned indications / requests to the first network node 220 in the first message in UL after a connection interruption has resumed to the first network node 220, e.g., in message 3 in a random access channel (RACH) procedure or in dynamic / configured grant resources. In another example, the intermediate device 230 may include more than one of the aforementioned indications / requests in multiple UL transmission occasions to the first network node 220 in an order.
[0110] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may include an indication of the uncompleted transmission from the at least one terminal device triggered before the interruption. The intermediate device 230 may transmit, to the at least one of the first network node 220, the second network node 230 or the third network node to serve the intermediate device 230, at least one second message containing information about the uncompleted transmission. For example, the intermediate device 230 may indicate the uncompleted UL transmission in the first UL transmission occasion, then provide more information on the uncompleted UL transmission in the next UL transmission (s) with respect to the response to the first indication by the first network node 220.
[0111] In some embodiments, the intermediate device 230 may determine the indication to the first network node 220 with respect to various criteria. In an embodiment, the at least one first message may include the request or notification to continue or resume the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device 210. For example, the at least one first message may include a request / notification to continue / resume reception of the UL transmission, if the interruption time is less than a threshold.
[0112] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may include the request or notification to restart the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device 210. For example, the at least one first message may include a request / notification to restart the reception of the UL transmission, if the interruption time is larger than another threshold.
[0113] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may include a request for signaling from the first network node 220 to cause the intermediate device 230 to request a transmission from the at least one terminal device 210. For example, the at least one first message may include a request of new signaling from the first network node 220 commanding the intermediate node to request UL transmission, if the interruption time is larger than another threshold.
[0114] The network node that the intermediate device 230 has resumed a connection may be the same or different from the previous network node that the intermediate device230 has detected / experienced connection interruption. In some embodiments, the at least one first message may be transmitted by the intermediate device 230 to the third network node. For example, if the intermediate device 230 resumes the connection to another network node (e.g., the third network node) other than the one before interruption, the intermediate device 230 may further provide information relevant to the UL transmission by the terminal device 210 (e.g., the A-IoT device) before the connection interruption occurred to the first network node 220.
[0115] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may include an indication of an interrupted transmission from the at least one terminal device 210. For example, the at least one first message may include an indication of the UL transmissions by the terminal device 210 being interrupted.
[0116] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may include an indication of a transmission towards the at least one device via the intermediate device 230. For example, the at least one first message may include an indication of the DL command / signaling sent to the terminal device 210 (e.g., the A-IoT device) via the intermediate device 230. The indication may be a DL LCH ID in which the first network node 220 has sent the command / signaling to the intermediate device 230.
[0117] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may include an indication of an interrupted operation or procedure performed by the intermediate device 230. For example, the at least one first message may include an indication of the operations / procedures performed by the intermediate device 230 being interrupted, e.g., an inventory / query procedure, a command procedure or other procedures / user cases.
[0118] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one first message may include a retransmission of a transmission from the at least one terminal device 210. The retransmission has been performed before the interruption. For example, the at least one first message may include an retransmission of UL transmissions by the terminal device 210 which has been done before interruption.
[0119] In some embodiments, the intermediate device 230 may receive, from the at least one of the first network node 220, the second network node 240 or the third network node, at least one indication for at least one of: restarting or continuing reception of a transmission from the at least one terminal device 210 triggered before the interruption, or signaling to request a transmission from the at least one terminal device 210.
[0120] In an example, the intermediate device 230 receives the signaling, from the network node, containing at the least one of the following indications. The indications may include an indication to restart / continue the reception of the UL transmission by the terminal device 210 triggered by the last / latest DL command / signal. In other words, the scheduling round / inventory round initiated by the last DL command / signal may be restarted / continued by the intermediate device 230 towards the terminal device (s) 210 such as the A-IoT device (s) . In this scheduling round / inventory round, the terminal device (s) 210 restarts / continues the (last) UL transmissions towards the intermediate device 230 as if there is no interruption occurred.
[0121] In another example, the indications may include an indication for a new DL command / signal to request the UL transmission by the terminal device 210, which may update the ID or group ID or various purpose identity of the terminal device 210. In this case, a new scheduling / inventory round is started by the intermediate device 230 towards the terminal device (s) 210. The terminal device 210 may attempt to obtain transmission occasions and to continue uncompleted (the rest) UL transmission towards the intermediate device 230. Then, the intermediate device 230 may operate the rest / updated terminal device until completing the entire UL transmission.
[0122] In some embodiments, the intermediate device 230 may operate the UL transmission by the terminal device 210 with certain flexibility which is not restrictedly limited by the second connection to the first network node 210. In an embodiment, the intermediate device 230 may continue reception of a transmission from the at least one terminal device 210, after detecting the failure.
[0123] For example, the intermediate device 230 may continue reception of the UL transmission by the terminal device 210 during the connection interruption between the intermediate device 230 and the first network node 220. After resuming the connection to the first network node 220, the intermediate device 230 then may report information relevant to the UL transmission to the first network node 220.
[0124] In some embodiments, the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device may be continued for a pre-defined or configurable time period before resuming the failure. For example, the intermediate device 230 may be able / allowed to continue reception of the UL transmission for a pre-defined or configurable time period before resuming the second connection 310 to the first network node 220.
[0125] In some embodiments, the reception of partial content of the transmission from the at least one terminal device may be continued. For example, the intermediate device 230 may be able / allowed to continue reception of partial content of the UL transmission, e.g., non-authentication content, before resuming the second connection to the first network node 220.
[0126] In some embodiments, the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device may be supported by the intermediate device 230 or enabled by at least one of the first network node 220 or the second network node 240. For example, to support the continue reception of the UL transmission after the failure of the second connection 310, the intermediate device 230 may need to support the capability of reception of the UL transmission without the second connection 310 to the first network node 220 and be enabled by the first network node 220 or the second network node 240.
[0127] In some embodiments, the intermediate device 230 may store a transmission received from the at least one terminal device for a pre-defined or configurable time period before resuming the failure. In an example, the intermediate device 230 may store the UL transmission received from the terminal device 210 for a pre-defined or configurable time period before resuming the second connection 310 to the first network node 220. If the time period expires, the intermediate device 230 may discard / clean the storage and report it to the first network node 220 after resuming the second connection 310 to the first network node 220.
[0128] In some embodiments, the storing may be supported by the intermediate device 230 or enabled by at least one of the first network node 220 or the second network node 240. For example, to support such storing, the intermediate device 230 may need to support the capability of store the UL transmission without the second connection 310 to the first network node 220 and be enabled by the first network node 220 or the second network node 240.
[0129] FIG. 4 shows a flowchart depicting a process 400 performed at an intermediate node in accordance some embodiments of the present disclosure. It is be noted that some of the steps in FIG. 4 may be optional or come in different order. In this example, the terminal device 210 may operate as an A-IoT UE.
[0130] As shown in FIG. 4, in the process 400, at block 405, the intermediate node (e.g., the intermediate device 230) requests and receives UL transmission of the A-IoT UE regarding a command by a network node (e.g., the first network node 220) . At block 410, the intermediate node losses a connection (e.g., the second connection 310) to the network node. At block 415, the intermediate node resumes the connection to the network node from an interruption.
[0131] The phase 100 is implemented after the resuming of the connection. At block 420, in Step 101, the intermediate node indicates / requests / provides the network node of the information relevant to the UL transmission by the A-IoT device as described above, after resuming from the connection interruption to the network node. At block 425, in Step 102, the intermediate node receives the signaling from the network node, containing the indications as described above. At block 430, in Step 103, the intermediate node operates the rest / updated A-IoT device until completing the entire UL transmission.
[0132] In an embodiment, the intermediate node may continue reception of the UL transmission by the A-IoT device during the connection interruption between the intermediate node and the network node. After resuming the connection to the network node, the intermediate node then reports information relevant to the UL transmission to the network node. In this way, the order of above steps is reordered as: Step103 ->Step 102 (optional) ->Step 101.
[0133] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a flowchart of an example method 500 at an intermediate device in accordance with some embodiments. The method 500 may be implemented by the intermediate device 230 as shown in FIG. 2.
[0134] As shown in FIG. 5, at block 510, the intermediate device detects a failure of at least one first connection between the intermediate device and at least one terminal device and / or a failure of a second connection between the intermediate device and a first network node.
[0135] In an example, the intermediate device may determine that the at least one first connection is failed, based on at least one of: no response or no positive response having been received from the at least one terminal device after at least one transmission from the intermediate device to the at least one terminal device; measured quality of at least one channel between the intermediate device and the at least one terminal device being lower than or a threshold; or no transmission having been received from the at least one terminal device over a time period.
[0136] In an example, the intermediate device may transmit, to at least one of the first network node or a second network node, information related to the at least one first connection, based on the detecting of the failure of the at least one first connection.
[0137] In an example, the information related to the at least one first connection may comprise at least one of: at least one failure event of the at least one first connection, an identifier of the at least one terminal device, an identifier of a group of terminal devices including the at least one terminal device, an identifier of an area associated with at least one of the first network node or the at least one terminal device, or an identifier of the first network node.
[0138] In an example, when detecting a failure of the at least one first connection, the intermediate device may transmit, to at least one of the first network node or a second network node, an indication that the intermediate device has experienced at least one failure of at least one link towards the at least one terminal device.
[0139] In an example, when detecting a failure of a group of connections between the intermediate device and a group of terminal devices including the at least one terminal device, the intermediate device may transmit, to at least one of the first network node or a second network node, an indication that the intermediate device has experienced failures of links towards the group of terminal devices.
[0140] In an example, when detecting a failure of one or more connections between the intermediate device and one or more terminal devices in an area, the intermediate device may transmit, to at least one of the first network node or a second network node, an indication that the intermediate device has experienced one or more failures of one or more links towards one or more terminal devices in the area.
[0141] In an example, at least one of the information or the indication may be transmitted to the at least one of the first or second network node based on the number of terminal devices being be greater than or equal to a threshold.
[0142] In an example, the intermediate device may determine that the second connection is failed, based on at least one of: the intermediate device having been instructed by the first network node to perform a handover, the intermediate device having triggered a handover, the intermediate device having detected a beam failure or radio link failure, or the intermediate device having been triggered to perform a beam switch or a bandwidth switch.
[0143] In an example, the intermediate device may transmit, to at least one of the first network node or a second network node, information related to one or more unreachable terminal devices, based on the detecting of the failure of the second connection.
[0144] In an example, the intermediate device may transmit, to at least one of the first network node or a second network node, an indication of a risk of a failure of the second connection, based on detecting that the second connection is potentially failed.
[0145] In an example, after an interruption of the at least one of the first connection or the second connection is resumed, the intermediate device may transmit, to at least one of the first network node, a second network node or a third network node, at least one first message containing at least one of: a reason of the interruption; the at least one of the at least one first connection or the second connection detected to be interrupted; an indication of a completed or uncompleted transmission from the at least one terminal device triggered before the interruption; an estimated time period for receiving a rest part of a transmission from the at least one terminal device after the interruption, the transmission from the at least one terminal device having been triggered before the interruption; a request or notification to continue, resume or restart reception of a transmission from the at least one terminal device for completing the transmission, without further signaling from the first network node; a request for retriggering, by the first network node, a transmission from the at least one terminal device to the intermediate device; or association information of the interruption, the association information containing at least one of: an identifier or a group identifier associated with a terminal device of the at least one terminal device where a transmission from the intermediate device to the terminal device has been performed, an identifier or a group identifier associated with a terminal device of the at least one terminal device where a transmission from the terminal device has been received by the intermediate device, or an identifier or a group identifier associated with a terminal device of the at least one terminal device where no transmission from the terminal device has been received by the intermediate device.
[0146] In an example, the at least one first message may be transmitted in at least one of:a random access procedure, a dynamic or configured grant resource, a plurality of transmission occasions for a transmission towards the first network device.
[0147] In an example, the at least one first message includes an indication of the uncompleted transmission from the at least one terminal device triggered before the interruption. The intermediate device may transmit, to the at least one of the first, second or third network node, at least one second message containing information about the uncompleted transmission.
[0148] In an example, the at least one first message may include at least one of: the request or notification to continue or resume the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device, the request or notification to restart the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device, or a request for signaling from the first network node to cause the intermediate device to request a transmission from the at least one terminal device.
[0149] In an example, when the at least one first message is transmitted to the third network node, the at least one first message may further include at least one of: an indication of an interrupted transmission from the at least one terminal device, an indication of a transmission towards the at least one device via the intermediate device, an indication of an interrupted operation or procedure performed by the intermediate device, or a retransmission of a transmission from the at least one terminal device, the retransmission having been performed before the interruption.
[0150] In an example, the intermediate device may receive, from the at least one of the first, second or third network node, at least one indication for at least one of: restarting or continuing reception of a transmission from the at least one terminal device triggered before the interruption, or signaling to request a transmission from the at least one terminal device.
[0151] In an example, the intermediate device may continue reception of a transmission from the at least one terminal device, after detecting the failure.
[0152] In an example, the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device may be continued for a pre-defined or configurable time period before resuming the failure.
[0153] In an example, the reception of partial content of the transmission from the at least one terminal device may be continued.
[0154] In an example, the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device may be supported by the intermediate device or enabled by at least one of the first network node or a second network node.
[0155] In an example, the intermediate device may store a transmission received from the at least one terminal device for a pre-defined or configurable time period before resuming the failure.
[0156] In an example, the storing may be supported by the intermediate device or enabled by at least one of the first network node or a second network node.
[0157] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a flowchart of an example method 600 at a network node in accordance with some embodiments.
[0158] As shown in FIG. 6, at block 610, the network node receives, from a first intermediate device, an indication for a failure of at least one first connection between the first intermediate device and at least one terminal device and / or a failure of a second connection between the first intermediate device and a first network node or a risk of the failure.
[0159] At block 620, the network node performs reselection of a second intermediate device to serve the at least one terminal device.
[0160] In an example, the network node may release the second connection to the first intermediate device; and establish a connection to the second intermediate device.
[0161] In an example, the network node may send, to a further network node, information indicating at least one of: the first intermediate device, the second intermediate device, the at least one terminal device or a group of terminal devices including the at least one terminal device, a service affected by the failure, or an area affected by the failure.
[0162] All operations and features related to the intermediate device 230 and the first network device 220 or the second network 240 as described above with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 are likewise applicable to the methods 500 and 600 and have similar effects.
[0163] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a communication device in accordance with some embodiments.
[0164] As shown in FIG. 7, the communication device 700 may comprise a processor 705 and a memory 710. The memory 710 may contain instructions 715 executable by the processor 705, whereby the communication device 700 may be operative to implement actions or operations according to any of the above-mentioned embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
[0165] In some embodiments, the communication device 700 may operate as an intermediate device. In these embodiments, the communication device 700 may be operative to: detect a failure of at least one first connection between the intermediate device and at least one terminal device and / or a failure of a second connection between the intermediate device and a first network node.
[0166] In some embodiments, the communication device 700 may operate as a network node. In these embodiments, the communication device 700 may be operative to: receive, from a first intermediate device, an indication for a failure of at least one first connection between the first intermediate device and at least one terminal device and / or a failure of a second connection between the first intermediate device and a first network node or a risk of the failure; and perform reselection of a second intermediate device to serve the at least one terminal device.
[0167] The processor 705 may be any kind of processing component, such as one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs) , special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The memory 710 may be any kind of storage component, such as read-only memory (ROM) , random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc.
[0168] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a computer readable storage medium in accordance with some embodiments.
[0169] As shown in FIG. 8, the computer readable storage medium 800 comprising instructions 715 which when executed by a processor of a device, cause the device to perform any above-mentioned embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6.
[0170] The computer readable storage medium 800 may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, or flash drives.
[0171] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 500 or 600 may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 500 or 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0172] FIG. 9 shows an example of a communication system 900 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0173] In the example, the communication system 900 includes a telecommunication network 902 that includes an access network 904, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network 906, which includes one or more core network nodes 908. The access network 904 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 910a and 910b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 910) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points. Moreover, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunication network 902 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network 902 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network 902, including one or more network nodes 910 and / or core network nodes 908.
[0174] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . The network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN access node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies. The network nodes 910 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs 912a, 912b, 912c, and 912d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 912) to the core network 906 over one or more wireless connections.
[0175] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 900 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 900 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0176] The UEs 912 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 910 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 910 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 912 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 902 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 902.
[0177] In the depicted example, the core network 906 connects the network nodes 910 to one or more host computing systems, such as host 916. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 906 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 908) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 908. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0178] The host 916 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 904 and / or the telecommunication network 902. The host 916 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0179] As a whole, the communication system 900 of FIG. 9 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
[0180] In some examples, the telecommunication network 902 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 902 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 902. For example, the telecommunications network 902 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0181] In some examples, the UEs 912 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 904 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 904. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0182] In the example, the hub 914 communicates with the access network 904 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 912c and / or 912d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 910b) . In some examples, the hub 914 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 914 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 906 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 914 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 910, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 914. As another example, the hub 914 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 914 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR device, display, loudspeaker, or other media delivery device, the hub 914 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 914 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 914 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0183] The hub 914 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 910b. The hub 914 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 914 and UEs (e.g., UE 912c and / or 912d) , and between the hub 914 and the core network 906. In other examples, the hub 914 is connected to the core network 906 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 914 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 904 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 910 while still connected via the hub 914 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 914 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 910b. In other embodiments, the hub 914 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 910b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0184] FIG. 10 shows a UE 1000 in accordance with some embodiments. The UE 1000 presents additional details of some embodiments of the UE 912 of FIG. 9. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage / playback device, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , an Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0185] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0186] The UE 1000 includes processing circuitry 1002 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1004 to an input / output interface 1006, a power source 1008, a memory 1010, a communication interface 1012, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in FIG. 10. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0187] The processing circuitry 1002 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 1010. The processing circuitry 1002 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 1002 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0188] In the example, the input / output interface 1006 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 1000. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0189] In some embodiments, the power source 1008 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source 1008 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 1008 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 1000 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 1008. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 1008 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 1000 to which power is supplied.
[0190] The memory 1010 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 1010 includes one or more application programs 1014, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 1016. The memory 1010 may store, for use by the UE 1000, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0191] The memory 1010 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory 1010 may allow the UE 1000 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 1010, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0192] The processing circuitry 1002 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 1012. The communication interface 1012 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 1022. The communication interface 1012 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1018 and / or a receiver 1020 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter 1018 and receiver 1020 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 1022) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0193] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 1012 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0194] Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 1012, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0195] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0196] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE 1000 shown in FIG. 10.
[0197] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0198] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0199] FIG. 11 shows a network node 1100 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
[0200] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0201] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0202] The network node 1100 includes a processing circuitry 1102, a memory 1104, a communication interface 1106, and a power source 1108. The network node 1100 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 1100 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components) , one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 1100 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 1104 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 1110 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node 1100 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1100, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1100.
[0203] The processing circuitry 1102 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 1100 components, such as the memory 1104, to provide network node 1100 functionality.
[0204] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1102 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1102 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1112 and baseband processing circuitry 1114. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1112 and the baseband processing circuitry 1114 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1112 and baseband processing circuitry 1114 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0205] The memory 1104 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 1102. The memory 1104 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 1102 and utilized by the network node 1100. The memory 1104 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 1102 and / or any data received via the communication interface 1106. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1102 and memory 1104 is integrated.
[0206] The communication interface 1106 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 1106 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) 1116 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface 1106 also includes radio front-end circuitry 1118 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 1110. Radio front-end circuitry 1118 comprises filters 1120 and amplifiers 1122. The radio front-end circuitry 1118 may be connected to an antenna 1110 and processing circuitry 1102. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1110 and processing circuitry 1102. The radio front-end circuitry 1118 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 1118 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1120 and / or amplifiers 1122. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 1110. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 1110 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 1118. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 1102. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0207] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 1100 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 1118, instead, the processing circuitry 1102 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 1110. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 1112 is part of the communication interface 1106. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 1106 includes one or more ports or terminals 1116, the radio front-end circuitry 1118, and the RF transceiver circuitry 1112, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface 1106 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 1114, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0208] The antenna 1110 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 1110 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 1118 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 1110 is separate from the network node 1100 and connectable to the network node 1100 through an interface or port.
[0209] The antenna 1110, communication interface 1106, and / or the processing circuitry 1102 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 1110, the communication interface 1106, and / or the processing circuitry 1102 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0210] The power source 1108 provides power to the various components of network node 1100 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source 1108 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 1100 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 1100 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 1108. As a further example, the power source 1108 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0211] Embodiments of the network node 1100 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIG. 11 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 1100 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 1100 and to allow output of information from the network node 1100. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 1100. In some embodiments providing a core network node, such as core network node 108 of FIG. 9, some components, such as the radio front-end circuitry 1118 and the RF transceiver circuitry 1112 may be omitted.
[0212] FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1200 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 1200 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 1200 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface. Virtualization may facilitate distributed implementations of a network node, UE, core network node, or host.
[0213] Applications 1202 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
[0214] Hardware 1204 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1206 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs 1208a and 1208b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 1208) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 1206 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 1208.
[0215] The VMs 1208 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1206. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 1202 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 1208, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0216] In the context of NFV, a VM 1208 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 1208, and that part of hardware 1204 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 1208 on top of the hardware 1204 and corresponds to the application 1202.
[0217] Hardware 1204 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 1204 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1204 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1210, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 1202. In some embodiments, hardware 1204 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 1212 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0218] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0219] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
Claims
1.A method (500) at an intermediate device (230) , comprising:detecting (315, 510) a failure of at least one first connection (305) between the intermediate device (230) and at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) and / or a failure of a second connection (310) between the intermediate device (230) and a first network node (220) .2.The method (500) of claim 1, wherein detecting (315, 510) the failure comprises:determining that the at least one first connection (305) is failed, based on at least one of:no response or no positive response having been received from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) after at least one transmission from the intermediate device (230) to the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) ;measured quality of at least one channel between the intermediate device (230) and the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) being lower than or a threshold; orno transmission having been received from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) over a time period.3.The method (500) of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:transmitting (320) , to at least one of the first network node (220) or a second network node (240) , information related to the at least one first connection (305) , based on the detecting (315, 510) of the failure of the at least one first connection (305) .4.The method (500) of claim 3, wherein the information related to the at least one first connection (305) comprises at least one of:at least one failure event of the at least one first connection (305) ,an identifier of the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) ,an identifier of a group of terminal devices (210-1, ..., 210-N) including the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) ,an identifier of an area associated with at least one of the first network node (220) or the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) , oran identifier of the first network node (220) .5.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein when detecting (315, 510) a failure of the at least one first connection (305) , the method (500) further comprises:transmitting (320) , to at least one of the first network node (220) or a second network node (240) , an indication that the intermediate device (230) has experienced at least one failure of at least one link towards the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) .6.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein when detecting (315, 510) a failure of a group of connections between the intermediate device (230) and a group of terminal devices (210-1, ..., 210-N) including the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) , the method (500) further comprises:transmitting (320) , to at least one of the first network node (220) or a second network node (240) , an indication that the intermediate device (230) has experienced failures of links towards the group of terminal devices (210-1, ..., 210-N) .7.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein when detecting (315, 510) a failure of one or more connections between the intermediate device (230) and one or more terminal devices (210-1, ..., 210-N) in an area, the method (500) further comprises:transmitting (320) , to at least one of the first network node (220) or a second network node (240) , an indication that the intermediate device (230) has experienced one or more failures of one or more links towards one or more terminal devices (210-1, ..., 210-N) in the area.8.The method (500) of any of claims 3 to 7, wherein at least one of the information or the indication is transmitted to the at least one of the first or second network node (240) based on the number of terminal devices (210-1, ..., 210-N) being greater than or equal to a threshold.9.The method (500) of claim 1, wherein detecting (315, 510) the failure comprises:determining that the second connection (310) is failed, based on at least one of:the intermediate device (230) having been instructed by the first network node (220) to perform a handover,the intermediate device (230) having triggered a handover,the intermediate device (230) having detected a beam failure or radio link failure, orthe intermediate device (230) having been triggered to perform a beam switch or a bandwidth switch.10.The method (500) of claim 1 or 9, further comprising:transmitting, to at least one of the first network node (220) or a second network node (240) , information related to one or more unreachable terminal devices (210-1, ..., 210-N) , based on the detecting (315, 510) of the failure of the second connection (310) .11.The method (500) of claim 9, further comprising:transmitting, to at least one of the first network node (220) or a second network node (240) , an indication of a risk of a failure of the second connection (310) , based on detecting (315, 510) that the second connection (310) is potentially failed.12.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein after an interruption of the at least one of the first connection (305) or the second connection (310) is resumed, the method (500) further comprises:transmitting, to at least one of the first network node (220) , a second network node (240) or a third network node, at least one first message containing at least one of:a reason of the interruption;the at least one of the at least one first connection (305) or the second connection (310) detected to be interrupted;an indication of a completed or uncompleted transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) triggered before the interruption;an estimated time period for receiving a rest part of a transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) after the interruption, the transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) having been triggered before the interruption;a request or notification to continue, resume or restart reception of a transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) for completing the transmission, without further signaling from the first network node (220) ;a request for retriggering, by the first network node (220) , a transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) to the intermediate device (230) ; orassociation information of the interruption, the association information containing at least one of:an identifier or a group identifier associated with a terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) of the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) , wherein a transmission from the intermediate device (230) to the terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) has been performed,an identifier or a group identifier associated with a terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) of the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) , wherein a transmission from the terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) has been received by the intermediate device (230) , oran identifier or a group identifier associated with a terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) of the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) , wherein no transmission from the terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) has been received by the intermediate device (230) .13.The method (500) of claim 12, wherein the at least one first message is transmitted in at least one of:a random access procedure,a dynamic or configured grant resource, ora plurality of transmission occasions for a transmission towards the first network device.14.The method (500) of claim 12 or 13, wherein the at least one first message includes an indication of the uncompleted transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) triggered before the interruption, and the method (500) further comprises:transmitting, to the at least one of the first network node (220) , the second network node (240) or third network node, at least one second message containing information about the uncompleted transmission.15.The method (500) of claim 12 or 13, wherein the at least one first message includes at least one of:the request or notification to continue or resume the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) ,the request or notification to restart the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) , ora request for signaling from the first network node (220) to cause the intermediate device (230) to request a transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) .16.The method (500) of any of claims 12 to 15, wherein when the at least one first message is transmitted to the third network node, the at least one first message further includes at least one of:an indication of an interrupted transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) ,an indication of a transmission towards the at least one device via the intermediate device (230) ,an indication of an interrupted operation or procedure performed by the intermediate device (230) , ora retransmission of a transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) , the retransmission having been performed before the interruption.17.The method (500) of any of claims 12 to 16, further comprising:receiving, from the at least one of the first network node (220) , the second network node (240) or third network node, at least one indication for at least one of:restarting or continuing reception of a transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) triggered before the interruption, orsignaling to request a transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) .18.The method (500) of any of claim 1 to 17, further comprising:continuing reception of a transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) , after detecting (315, 510) the failure.19.The method (500) of claim 18, wherein the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) is continued for a pre-defined or configurable time period before resuming the failure.20.The method (500) of claim 18 or 19, wherein the reception of partial content of the transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) is continued.21.The method (500) of any of claims 18 to 20, wherein the reception of the transmission from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) is supported by the intermediate device (230) or enabled by at least one of the first network node (220) or a second network node (240) .22.The method (500) of any of claim 1 to 21, further comprising:storing a transmission received from the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) for a pre-defined or configurable time period before resuming the failure.23.The method (500) of claim 22, wherein the storing is supported by the intermediate device (230) or enabled by at least one of the first network node (220) or a second network node (240) .24.A method (600) at a network node (220, 240) , comprising:receiving (325, 610) , from a first intermediate device (230-1) , an indication for a failure of at least one first connection (305) between the first intermediate device (230-1) and at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) and / or a failure of a second connection (310) between the first intermediate device (230-1) and a first network node (220) or a risk of the failure; andperforming (330, 620) reselection of a second intermediate device (230-M) to serve the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) .25.The method (600) of claim 24, wherein performing (330, 620) the reselection comprises:releasing the second connection (310) to the first intermediate device (230) ; andestablishing a connection to the second intermediate device (230) .26.The method (600) of claim 24 or 25, further comprising:sending, to a further network node (240) , information indicating at least one of:the first intermediate device (230) ,the second intermediate device (230) ,the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) or a group of terminal devices (210-1, ..., 210-N) including the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) ,a service affected by the failure, oran area affected by the failure.27.An intermediate device (230, 700) , comprising:a processor (705) ; anda memory (710) , the memory (710) containing instructions executable by the processor (705) , whereby the intermediate device (230, 700) is operative to:detect (315, 510) a failure of at least one first connection (305) between the intermediate device (230) and at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) and / or a failure of a second connection (310) between the intermediate device (230) and a first network node (220) .28.The intermediate device (230, 700) of claim 27, wherein the intermediate device (230, 700) is further operative to implement the method (600) according to any of claims 2 to 23.29.A network node (220, 240, 700) , comprising:a processor (705) ; anda memory (710) , the memory (710) containing instructions executable by the processor (705) , whereby the network node (220, 240, 700) is operative to:receive (325, 610) , from a first intermediate device (230-1) , an indication for a failure of at least one first connection (305) between the first intermediate device (230-1) and at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) and / or a failure of a second connection (310) between the first intermediate device (230-1) and a first network node (220) or a risk of the failure; andperform (330, 620) reselection of a second intermediate device (230-M) to serve the at least one terminal device (210-1, ..., 210-N) .30.The network node (220, 240, 700) of claim 29, wherein the network node (220, 240, 700) is further operative to implement the method (600) according to any of claims 25 to 26.31.A computer-readable storage medium (800) having instructions (715) stored thereon, the instructions (715) , which, when executed by at least one processor of a device, causes the device to perform the method (500) according to any of claims 1 to 23 or the method (600) according to any of claims 24 to 26.
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