A process and device for clamping conductor segments for a hairpin stator
The clamping device with movable holding components addresses the limitations of existing clamping technologies by securely clamping conductor wire ends in flexible and efficient compartments, enhancing welding quality and adaptability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/082462
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-03-18
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing clamping devices for conductor wire ends in hairpin stators require individual positioning elements that match the size of the ends, limiting flexibility and clamping force, leading to inconsistent and inefficient welding processes.
A clamping device with two holding components that move relative to each other on a plane, allowing for flexible adaptation to various conductor wire sizes, and a process that involves rotating and moving these components to securely clamp the ends in individual compartments, facilitating efficient and reliable welding.
The solution enables secure clamping of conductor wire ends in a simple and cost-effective manner, improving the quality of subsequent welding processes and allowing for a wide range of conductor wire pieces to be processed efficiently.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025082462_25092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR CLAMPING CONDUCTOR SEGMENTS FOR A HAIRPIN STATORFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention pertains to a process and device for producing an assembly of a plurality of formed conductor wire pieces, preferably to a process and device for producing an assembly of a plurality of formed conductor wire pieces having the shape of hairpin, in particular to a process and device for clamping at least one end of a conductor wire piece for further processing, preferably for providing an electrical contact between the clamped ends, to a process and device for producing a stator for electric machines in a hairpin construction, to an assembly, preferably to a stator for electric machines in a hairpin construction, obtainable by that process, to the use of such an assembly of a plurality of formed conductor wire pieces, preferably to the use of such a stator in hairpin construction, in electric machines, to electric machines comprising a stator in a hairpin construction and a rotor and to a device comprising moving parts driven by such an electric machine.BACKGROUND
[0002] Stators for electric machines in a hairpin construction are nowadays often found in drive engines, particularly in the automotive sector. With this production technique, a profile wire, usually a rectangular wire, is first bent into a U-shape, which can also be referred to as a conductor clip or “hairpin” . The legs of this hairpin are then arranged in a circle and inserted into the slots of a laminated stator core. In the next step, the free ends of the legs are twisted concentrically about the stator axis by a defined angle on the rear side of the stator, with all free ends that are on a certain diameter, i.e. on one layer of the winding, being twisted alternately clockwise and counterclockwise. This process is also known as “twisting” . Free ends that come to rest next to each other due to the twisting are welded and, depending on the winding scheme, so-called interconnecting bridges are placed on the winding head and welded to the free ends in order to connect the conductor clips to form an overall winding. Optionally, the free ends are then insulated and the entire stator is impregnated. This technology can be highly automated and achieves a high copper fill factor, i.e. a high ratio of the area covered by the conductor to the groove area. The fill factor of hairpin stators is, due to the rectangular cross-section and the small number of turns, approx. 73%and is thus considerably higher than with the classic winding methods (45-50%, depending on the insulation thickness) . Hairpin stators are therefore particularly suitable for the manufacture of electric machines in the automotive sector, in particular for the manufacture of drive units.
[0003] Due to the gap between the ends of two adjacent pins in the same slot, it becomes challenging to directly connect the ends of these two pins during the welding process. In order to better weld the free ends of the pins together, US2023073600A1 provides a clamping device that clamps the conductor ends of each pair of conductor ends to be welded together. DE102018103100A1 describes in detail a positioning and clamping device for positioning and clamping together wire ends for further processing during the course of a production of a machine element of an electric machine. The positioning and clamping device comprises two elements stacked together in an extension direction of the legs of the pins. Each element has a recess. Two recesses overlap each other at least partially in such a way that the at least one wire end can be received within the recesses and rims of the recesses move closer towards or apart from each other during the relative movement of the two elements. A clamping force is thus applied, thereby positioning the wire ends even more precisely and clamping them. CN114193058A also describes a method for positioning and clamping the ends of adjacent pins by the cooperation of two positioning discs stacked together in an extension direction of the legs of the pins.
[0004] In the positioning and clamping method and device described in DE102018103100A1 and CN114193058A, the ends to be welded together are positioned and clamped in a compartment formed by two positioning elements disposed along the legs of the pins. It requires that the dimension and geometry of the positioning elements are in conformity with the size of the ends of the pins. During the clamping process, an individual corresponding positioning elements has to be manufactured and used for each different size of the ends of the pins to be welded together. In addition, the positioning and clamping device in DE102018103100A1 and CN114193058A includes a plurality of clamping compartments that cannot be adjusted independently and thus cannot apply enough clamping force to each pair of ends of the pins. Consequently, not each pair of ends of the pins can be clamped firmly.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention was based on the objective of overcoming the disadvantages resulting from the prior art in connection with the production of formed conductor wire pieces, particularly with formed conductor wire piece having the shape of a hairpin.
[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a process and device for clamping firmly at least one end of a conductor wire piece for further processing in a reliable but simple manner.
[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a process and device for clamping at least one end of a conductor wire piece for further processing that can be flexibly adapted for a wide variety of the conductor wire pieces.
[0008] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a process and device for clamping at least one end of a conductor wire piece for further processing that can operate in a cost and time efficient way.
[0009] A contribution to at least partly solving at least one, preferably more than one, of the above objects is made by the independent claims. The dependent claims provide preferred embodiments which contribute to at least partly solving at least one of the objects.A contribution to solving at least one of the objects according to the invention is made by a process for clamping at least one end of a conductor wire piece for further processing according to a first embodiment of a first aspect of the present application. The process comprises the steps of:
[0010] - providing the conductor wire piece with the at least one end;
[0011] - positioning the at least one end between a first holding component and a second holding component of a clamping device, wherein the first holding component and the second holding component are disposed substantially on a same plane P, wherein the first holding component has a first recess and the second holding component has a second recess; and
[0012] - making the first holding component and the second holding component to move relative to each other on the plane P, so as to clamp the at least one end in a compartment defined by the first recess and the second recess.
[0013] In a second embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on the first embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the step of positioning the at least one end between the first holding component and the second holding component of the clamping device comprises:
[0014] - introducing the at least one end into the clamping device with the first recess and the second recess being oriented to be perpendicular to the plane P;
[0015] - rotating the first holding component around a first extension direction R1 of the first holding component, so as to orient the first recess on the plane P; and
[0016] - rotating the second holding component around a second extension direction R2 of the second holding component, so as to orient the second recess on the plane P.
[0017] In a third embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on the first or second embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the step of making the first holding component and the second holding component to move relative to each other comprises:
[0018] - moving the first holding component in the first extension direction R1 on the plane P, to clamp the at least one end between the first recess and the second recess, and / or
[0019] - moving the second holding component in the second extension direction R2 on the plane P, to clamp the at least one end between the first recess and the second recess.
[0020] In a fourth embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on any one of the first to third embodiments of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the process further comprises: removing the at least one end from the clamping device.
[0021] In a fifth embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on the fourth embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the step of removing the at least one end from the clamping device comprises:
[0022] - moving the first holding component and / or the second holding component on the plane P, to release the clamped end; and
[0023] - rotating the first holding component around the first extension direction R1 of the first holding component, so as to orient the first recess to be perpendicular to the plane P; and
[0024] - rotating the second holding component around a second extension direction R2 of the second holding component, so as to orient the second recess to be perpendicular to the plane P.
[0025] In a sixth embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on any one of the first to fifth embodiments of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the first holding component comprises a plurality of the first recesses distributed along the first extension direction R1, while the second holding component correspondingly comprises a plurality of the second recesses distributed along the second extension direction R2. In the sixth embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the step of making the first holding component and the second holding component to move relative to each other on the plane P comprises: making the first holding component and the second holding component to move relative to each other on the plane P, so as to clamp the at least one end in the compartment defined by a corresponding pair of the first recess and the second recess.
[0026] In a seventh embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on any one of the first to sixth embodiments of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the clamping device comprises a plurality of the first holding components and a plurality of the second holding components alternately disposed in a radial axis R on the plane P to form a circle with a center C.
[0027] In the seventh embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the step of providing the conductor wire piece with the at least one end comprises providing an assembly of formed conductor wire pieces having a plurality of end groups. Each of the groups comprising a plurality of the ends. The assembly is annular basket-shaped with the center C. In the seventh embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the step of positioning the at least one end between the first holding component and the second holding component of the clamping device comprises positioning each of the plurality of end groups between a corresponding pair of the first holding component and the second holding component. In the seventh embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the step of making the first holding component and the second holding component to move relative to each other on the plane P comprises making the first holding component and the second holding component in each pair to move relative to each other on the plane P, so as to clamp the end of the corresponding end group in the compartment defined by the first recess and the second recess. In the seventh embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the first extension direction R1 of the first holding component or the second extension direction R2 of the second holding component is in the radial axis R.
[0028] In an eighth embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on the seventh embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, a pair of the first holding component and the second holding component has a different arrangement from its neighbouring pair of the first holding component and the second holding component in such a way that the two first holding components or the two second holding components of the two neighbouring pairs are arranged to be adjacent.
[0029] In a ninth embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on the eighth embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the two first holding components or the two second holding components of the two neighbouring pairs are formed as a single body.
[0030] In a tenth embodiment of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on any one of the seventh to ninth embodiments of the process according to the first aspect of the invention, the process further comprises the step of actuating, independently from each other, the plurality of the first holding components and the plurality of the second holding components.
[0031] A contribution to solving at least one of the objects according to the invention is made by a process for producing a hairpin stator according to a second aspect of the invention. The process comprises the steps of:
[0032] - clamping at least one end of a conductor wire piece according to any one of the first to tenth embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention; and
[0033] - processing the at least one clamped end of the conductor wire piece to produce the hairpin stator.
[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the second aspect of the present invention, the step of processing comprises: providing, in particular by means of welding, an electrical contact between the at least one clamped end.
[0035] A contribution to solving at least one of the objects according to the invention is made by a process for producing a hairpin stator according to a third aspect of the invention. The process comprises the steps of:
[0036] i) providing a conductor wire,
[0037] - wherein the conductor wire has a conductor wire surface and conductor wire cross-section;
[0038] - wherein the conductor wire surface is to at least 50%coated with an electrical insulation;
[0039] ii) separating the conductor wire to obtain a longitudinal conductor wire piece,
[0040] - wherein the longitudinal conductor wire piece comprises a first end and a second end;
[0041] iii) forming the longitudinal conductor wire piece to a formed conductor wire piece that comprises a first leg with the first end, a second leg with the second end and a bridging portion that connects the first leg and the second leg;
[0042] iv) arranging a plurality of such formed conductor wire pieces relative to each other to obtain an assembly of formed conductor wire pieces, wherein this arrangement is accomplished in such a way that the legs of the formed conductor wire pieces of this plurality of formed conductor wire pieces are orientated in basically the same direction;
[0043] v) introducing the assembly into a stator comprising a plurality of slots, each slot having a first slot end and a second slot end, by introducing the legs of the formed conductor wire pieces into the first slot end of the slots of the stator, wherein the ends of each leg protrude from the stator at the second slot end of the slots, followed by twisting of these ends to achieve a certain spatial arrangement of these ends;
[0044] vi) providing an electrical contact between the first end or the second end of a given formed conductor wire piece and the first end or the second end of another formed conductor wire piece;
[0045] wherein, the process further comprises, after step v) and before step vi) :
[0046] vi’ ) clamping the first end or the second end of the formed conductor wire piece according to any one of the first to tenth embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention.
[0047] A contribution to solving at least one of the objects according to the invention is made by a clamping device for clamping at least one end of a conductor wire piece introduced into the clamping device for further processing according to a first embodiment of a fourth aspect of the invention. The clamping device comprises: a first holding component with a first recess; and a second holding component with a second recess, wherein the second holding component is disposed substantially on a same plane P as the first holding component. The first holding component and the second holding component are adapted and arranged to move relative to each other on the plane P. The first recess and the second recess are adapted and arranged to clamp the at least one end in a compartment defined by the first recess and the second recess.
[0048] In a second embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on the first embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the first holding component is adapted and arranged to rotate around a first extension direction R1 of the first holding component, while the second holding component is adapted and arranged to rotate around a second extension direction R2 of the second holding component.
[0049] In a third embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on the first or second embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the first holding component is adapted and arranged to move in the first extension direction R1 on the plane P, so as to clamp the at least one end between the first recess and the second recess. Alternatively or additionally, the second holding component is adapted and arranged to move in the second extension direction R2 on the plane P, so as to clamp the at least one end between the first recess and the second recess.
[0050] In a fourth embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on any one of the first to third embodiments of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the first holding component comprises a plurality of the first recesses distributed along the first extension direction R1, while the second holding component correspondingly comprises a plurality of the second recesses distributed along the second extension direction R2. wherein the plurality of the first recesses and the plurality of the second recesses are adapted and arranged to clamp the at least one end in the compartment defined by a corresponding pair of the first recess and the second recess.
[0051] In a fifth embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on any one of the first to fourth embodiments of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the clamping device comprises a plurality of the first holding components and a plurality of the second holding components alternately disposed in a radial axis R on the plane P to form a circle with a center C. The plurality of the first holding components and the plurality of the second holding components are adapted and arranged to clamp a plurality of the ends of an assembly of formed conductor wire pieces introduced into the clamping device. The assembly is annular basket-shaped with the center C. The first extension direction R1 of the first holding component or the second extension direction R2 of the second holding component is in the radial axis R.
[0052] In a sixth embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on the fifth embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, a pair of the first holding component and the second holding component has a different arrangement from its neighbouring pair of the first holding component and the second holding component in such a way that the two first holding components or the two second holding components of the two neighbouring pairs are arranged to be adjacent.
[0053] In a seventh embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on the sixth embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the two first holding components or the two second holding components of the two neighbouring pairs are formed as a single body.
[0054] In an eighth embodiment of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, that preferably depends on any one of the fifth to seventh embodiments of the clamping device according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the clamping device further comprises an actuation device adapted and arranged to actuate, independently from each other, the plurality of the first holding components and the plurality of the second holding components. A contribution to solving at least one of the objects according to the invention is made by a production device for producing a hairpin stator according to a fifth aspect of the invention. The production device comprises:
[0055] - a clamping device according to any one of the first to eighth embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present invention; and
[0056] - a machining device adapted and arranged to process the at least one clamped end of the conductor wire piece to produce the hairpin stator.
[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the fifth aspect of the invention, the machining device is a welding device for providing an electrical contact between the at least one clamped end.
[0058] A contribution to solving at least one of the objects according to the invention is made by a use of the clamping device according to any one of the first to eighth embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present invention in the process for clamping at least one end of a conductor wire piece according to any one of the first to tenth embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention.
[0059] The clamping process and device according to the present invention clamps each pair of ends of the formed wire pieces in an individual compartment through the cooperative rotation and movement of two holding components. The ends of the formed wire pieces can be clamped tightly in a reliable but simple manner, thereby improving the quality of subsequent laser welding. The individual compartment is not defined by size and geometry of the two holding components and thus can be flexibly adapted for a wide variety of the conductor wire pieces. The plurality of holding components can be actuated simultaneously so as to implement the clamping in a cost and time efficient way.
[0060] FIGURES
[0061] The figures serve to exemplify the present invention, and should not be viewed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the figures are not drawn to scale.
[0062] Fig. 1 shows a formed conductor wire piece 100 having the shape of a hairpin obtainable in process step c. of the process according to the present invention.
[0063] Fig. 2 shows an assembly 200 in the form of a basket of a formed conductor wire pieces 100, each formed conductor wire piece 100 having the shape of a hairpin, obtainable by the process for the production of an assembly according to the present invention, before it is placed into the slots 303 of a laminated stator core 300 as shown in Fig. 3.
[0064] Fig. 3 shows the side-view of a laminated stator core 300, into which the formed conductor wire pieces 100 obtainable by the process according to the present invention or into which one or more assemblies 200 of such formed conductor wire pieces 100 can be introduced for the formation of a stator in a hairpin construction 400.
[0065] Fig. 4 shows a top-view of such a laminated stator core 300.
[0066] Fig. 5 shows the connected ends of the formed conductor wire pieces 100 obtainable by the process according to the present invention after the have been bend in opposing directions.
[0067] Fig. 6 shows a stator in a hairpin construction 400 that can be produced by means of the process for the preparation of an assembly according to the present invention.
[0068] Fig. 7 shows a clamping device 1500 for clamping the ends of a pair of neighbouring conductor wire pieces according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the operation of the clamping device 1500.
[0069] Figs. 8A-8F show a clamping device 1500 comprising a plurality of pairs of recesses according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the operation of the clamping device 1500.
[0070] Figs. 9A and 9B show a clamping device 1500 comprising a plurality of pairs of holding components according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the operation of the clamping device 1500.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0071] The present disclosure can be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying figures and examples, which form a part of this disclosure. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the specific devices, methods, applications, conditions or parameters described and / or shown herein, and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting of the scope of the present disclosure. Also, as used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include “at least one” and a plurality. Further, reference to a plurality as used in the specification including the appended claims includes the singular “a, ” “an, ” “one, ” and “the, ” and further includes “at least one. ” Further still, reference to a particular numerical value in the specification including the appended claims includes at least that particular value, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0072] The term “plurality” , as used herein, means more than one. When a range of values is expressed, another example includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value.
[0073] Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about, ” it will be understood that the particular value forms another example. All ranges are inclusive and combinable.
[0074] The term “substantially, ” “approximately, ” and derivatives thereof, and words of similar import, when used to describe sizes, shapes, spatial relationships, distances, directions, and other similar parameters includes the stated parameter in addition to a range up to 10%more and up to 10%less than the stated parameter, including up to 5%more and up to 5%less, including up to 3%more and up to 3%less, including up to 1%more and up to 1%less.
[0075] Fig. 1 shows a formed conductor wire piece 100 having the shape of a hairpin as it is obtainable in process step c. by the process according to the present invention. The hairpin is preferably a copper hairpin comprising an insulation on the outer surface (indicated by the black colour) . The hairpin comprises two substantially parallel legs 101 and 103, the first leg 101 having a first end 102 and the second leg 103 having a second end 104, wherein at the first end 102 and at the second end 104 the insulation is preferably removed (indicated by the grey color) . The conductor wire used for form the hairpin 100 preferably has a rectangular cross-sectional shape with, for example, a width of 3.24 mm and a thickness of 2.84 mm. However, the actual size of the rectangular cross-sectional shape depends, for example, on the size of the stator into which the hairpins are to be introduced and / or the density of the assembly of formed conductor wire pieces that is to be introduced into the slots of the stator. The thickness of the insulation that is applied onto at least a part of the surface of the conductor wire can, for example, be in the range from 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm, preferably in the range from 0.03 to 0.07 mm. Preferably, the section 105 of the hairpins by means of which the two legs 101 and 103 are connected with each other (indicated by the dotted circle in Fig. 1) is curved three-dimensionally so that the two legs 101 and 103 of a given formed conductor wire piece 100 do not lie in a common plane when the outer edges of the cross-sectional areas of these legs 101 and 103 are aligned identically.
[0076] Fig. 2 shows an assembly 200 in the form of a basket of a formed conductor wire pieces 100 having the shape of a hairpin obtainable by the process for the production of an assembly according to the present invention, wherein the formed conductor wire pieces 100 are arranged in circles or rings, wherein two of such circles 202 and 203 are formed in a concentric arrangement. Such an assembly of formed conductor wire pieces can be placed into the slots 303 of a laminated stator core 300 as shown in Fig. 3 for the formation of a stator in a hairpin construction 400. Each circle or ring 202 and 203 forms a conductive winding when at the end of the process for the preparation of an assembly the ends 102 and 104 of the hairpins are connected with each other in a well-defined manner. As shown in Fig. 2, the formed conductor wire pieces 100 are arranged relative to each other in such a way that the first end 102 and the further end 104 of each of these formed conductor wire pieces is orientated in basically the same direction. In this context it is also preferred that the first ends 102 and the further ends 104 of all of these formed conductor wire pieces 100 are basically located in the same plane 201 (this plane being indicated by means of a dotted circle at the bottom of the assembly) . On the opposite side of the assembly section 105 of the hairpins by means of which the two legs 101 and 103 of a given hairpin are connected with each other may also be located substantially in a same plane.
[0077] Fig. 3 shows the side-view of a laminated cylindrical stator core 300 into which the formed conductor wire pieces 100 obtainable by the process according to the present invention or into which an assembly 200 of such formed conductor wire pieces 100, as it is shown in Fig. 2, can be introduced for the formation of a stator in a hairpin construction 400. The cylindrical stator core 300 comprises an outer perimeter surface 301 and an inner perimeter surface 302 with a plurality of slots 303 formed between the inner perimeter surface 302 and the outer perimeter surface 301, the inner perimeter surface 302 defining an inner cylindrical space 306 (shown in Fig. 4) that extends in an axial direction within the stator 300, wherein the first and the second legs 101 and 103 of the formed conductor wire pieces 100 are introduced into the slots 303 of the cylindrical stator core 300. The cylindrical stator core 300 shown in Fig. 3 is formed from a large number of stacked electrical laminations 304, each of the electrical laminations 304 being closed to form a circular ring. The cylindrical stator core 300 comprises individual stator teeth 305, with each individual stator core teeth 305 being formed from a large number of stacked electrical laminations 304. Stator core teeth 305 are components of the stator core 300 which are designed as circumferentially spaced, teeth-like radially inwardly directed parts of the stator body, wherein the free space between two adjacent teeth 305 form slots 303 into which the formed conductor wire pieces 100 can be introduced as described above.
[0078] Fig. 4 shows a top view of a laminated stator core 300 similar to the one shown in Fig. 3. As can be seen in Fig. 4, depending on the width of the slots 303, each slot 303 can accommodate a certain number n of legs 101 and 103 of the formed conductor wire pieces 100 (in Fig. 4 n is 6) .
[0079] Fig. 5 shows the connected ends 102 and 104 of the formed conductor wire pieces in an assembly that may be obtained by the process according to the present invention after they have been bend in opposing directions. For the formation of a stator in a hairpin construction 400, the first end 102 and the second end 104 of each formed conductor wire piece 100 that has been introduced into the slots 303 of a cylindrical stator core 300 is twisted in such a way that an s-shaped form of the ends is obtained, wherein the first end 102 of a given formed conductor wire piece 100 (hairpin) is bent in one direction and the further end 104 is bent in the opposite direction so that the first end 102 of a one formed conductor wire piece 100 comes to rest next to the second end 104 of another formed conductor wire piece 100. The ends 102 and 104 thus brought into close proximity are then connected to each other, for example, by laser-welding. If this process is carried out for all the formed conductor wire pieces 100 within a given circle 202, 203 of the circularly arranged formed conductor wire pieces 100, electrically conductive winding is obtained in the cylindrical stator core 300.
[0080] Fig. 6 shows a stator in a hairpin construction 400 that can be produced by means of the process for the preparation of an assembly according to the present invention. The stator 400 comprises a stator core 300 into which the assembly 200 of formed conductor wire pieces 100, preferably the assembly of formed conductor wire pieces 100 having the shape of a hairpin, has been introduced and in which the ends 102 an 104 of each hairpin have been twisted and connected as described above. The stator 400 further comprises connections 401 to enable electric contact of the respective windings of the stator 400.
[0081] Fig. 7 shows a clamping device 1500 for clamping the ends of a pair of neighbouring conductor wire pieces according to an embodiment of the present invention. The clamping device 1500 comprises a first holding component 1510 with a first recess 1515 and a second holding component 1520 with a second recess 1525. The second holding component 1520 is disposed substantially on a same plane P as the first holding component 1510. In contrast to the DE102018103100A1 and CN114193058A where the two clamping components are stacked together in an extension direction of the legs of the wire pieces, the two holding components 1510 and 1520 are disposed on the substantially same plane. Furthermore, the first holding component 1510 and the second holding component 1520 move relative to each other on the plane P. The first recess 1515 and the second recess 1525 clamp the ends 102, 104 in a compartment defined by the first recess 1515 and the second recess 1525.
[0082] As shown in Fig. 7, in one embodiment, the first holding component 1510 can rotate around a first extension direction R1 of the first holding component 1510, while the second holding component 1520 can rotate around a second extension direction R2 of the second holding component 1520. In one embodiment, as illustrated by the arrow in Fig. 7, the second holding component 1520 can move in the second extension direction R2 on the plane P, so as to clamp the ends 102, 104 between the first recess 1515 and the second recess 1525. Alternatively, the first holding component 1510 can move in the first extension direction R1 on the plane P, so as to clamp the ends 102, 104 between the first recess 1515 and the second recess 1525.
[0083] As shown in Figs. 8A-8F, in order to clamp the ends of each pair of the neighbouring formed wire pieces, in one embodiment, the first holding component 1510 can comprise a plurality of the first recesses 1515 distributed along the first extension direction R1, while the second holding component 1520 correspondingly comprises a plurality of the second recesses 1525 distributed along the second extension direction R2. The plurality of the first recesses 1515 and the plurality of the second recesses 1525 can clamp the ends 102, 104 in the compartment defined by a corresponding pair of the first recess 1515 and the second recess 1525. The number of the recesses in the first or second holding component can be equal to or greater than the number of end pairs of the formed wire pieces accommodated in each slot 303 of the stator core 300 as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
[0084] In the starting point, as shown in Fig. 8A, the ends 102, 104 of the formed wire pieces 100 are introduced to the clamping device 1500. At this point, the first recesses 1515 of the first holding component 1510 and the second recesses 1525 of the second holding component 1520 are oriented to be perpendicular to the plane P, to facilitate the introduction of the ends of the formed wire pieces 100. Next, as shown in Fig. 8B, the first holding component 1510 and the second holding component 1520 are actuated to rotate around the first extension direction R1 and the second extension direction R2, respectively, to orient the first recesses 1515 and the second recesses 1525 on the plane P. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first holding component 1510 can rotate around the first extension direction R1 clockwise or counterclockwise. And the second holding component 1520 can rotate around the second extension direction R2 clockwise or counterclockwise. In one example, the first holding component 1510 can rotate in the same direction as the second holding component 1520. For example, the first holding component 1510 or the second holding component 1520 can be provided with the first recesses 1515 or the second recesses 1525 on both sides (see Figs. 9A and 9B) . In this case, the first holding component 1510 and the second holding component 1520 can rotate clockwise, as shown in Fig. 8B. In another example where the first holding component 1510 or the second holding component 1520 is provided with the first recesses 1515 or the second recesses 1525 only on one side, the first holding component 1510 can rotate in the opposite direction to the second holding component 1520.
[0085] Then, as shown in Fig. 8C, in one example, the second holding component 1520 is actuated to move in the second extension direction R2, to clamp the ends 102, 104 between the first recess 1515 and the second recess 1525. In another example, the first holding component 1510 can be actuated to move in the first extension direction R1, to clamp the ends 102, 104 between the first recess 1515 and the second recess 1525. In yet another example, both the first holding component 1510 and the second holding component 1520 can be actuated to move in the opposite directions towards to each other on the plane P, to clamp the ends 102, 104 between the first recess 1515 and the second recess 1525.
[0086] When the ends 102, 104 are clamped, further processing such as laser welding can be implemented, as shown in Fig. 8D. The ends 102, 104 are welded together to obtain a weld spot as shown in Fig. 8D. Afterwards, the clamping device 1500 can be removed. It is noted that the weld spot obtained in the step shown in Fig. 8D may extend beyond the compartment defined by the first recess 1515 and the second recess 1525. Therefore, preferably, the first holding component 1510 and / or the second holding component 1520 can be actuated to move away from each other on the plane P, to release the clamped ends 102, 104. As shown in Fig. 8E, the second holding component 1520 is actuated to move in the second extension direction R2. The direction of release movement in Fig. 8E is opposite to the direction of clamping movement in Fig. 8C. In another example, the first holding component 1510 can be actuated to move in the first extension direction R1 to release the clamping. In yet another example, both the first holding component 1510 and the second holding component 1520 can be actuated to move in the opposite directions away from each other on the plane P, to release the clamping. The above movement can facilitate removal of the clamping device 1500, in particular when the weld spot extends beyond the compartment defined by the first recess 1515 and the second recess 1525. It is noted that the step of Fig. 8E is optional and may be omitted in removal of the clamping device 1500.
[0087] Then, as shown in Fig. 8F, the first holding component 1510 and the second holding component 1520 are actuated to rotate around the first extension direction R1 and the second extension direction R2, respectively, to orient the first recesses 1515 and the second recesses 1525 to be perpendicular to the plane P, in preparation for next clamping. In the example shown in Fig. 8F, both the first holding component 1510 and the second holding component 1520 rotate counterclockwise, opposite to the rotation direction in Fig. 8B. In another example, both the first holding component 1510 and the second holding component 1520 can rotate clockwise, same as in Fig. 8B. In another example where the first holding component 1510 or the second holding component 1520 is provided with the first recesses 1515 or the second recesses 1525 only on one side, the first holding component 1510 can rotate in the opposite direction to the second holding component 1520.
[0088] As shown in Fig. 9A, the clamping device 1500 can comprise a plurality of the first holding components 1510 and a plurality of the second holding components 1520 alternately disposed in a radial axis R on the plane P to form a circle with a center C. The plurality of the first holding components 1510 and the plurality of the second holding components can clamp a plurality of the ends 102, 104 of an assembly 200 of formed conductor wire pieces. The assembly 200 is annular basket-shaped with the center C. The first extension direction R1 of the first holding component 1510 or the second extension direction R2 of the second holding component 1520 is in the radial axis R.
[0089] As shown in Fig. 9B, a pair of the first holding component 1510 and the second holding component 1520 has a different arrangement from its neighbouring pair of the first holding component 1510 and the second holding component 1520 in such a way that the two first holding components 1510 or the two second holding components 1520 of the two neighbouring pairs are arranged to be adjacent. In one example as shown in Fig. 9B, the two first holding components 1510 or the two second holding components 1520 of the two neighbouring pairs are formed as a single body 1530, 1540, respectively.
[0090] In one embodiment of the present invention, the clamping device 1500 further comprises an actuation device (not shown) which can actuate, independently from each other, the plurality of the first holding components 1510 and the plurality of the second holding components 1520. In one example, the plurality of the first holding components 1510 and the plurality of the second holding components 1520 can be actuated to rotate around radial axis R at the same time while the plurality of the second holding components 1520 can be actuated to move, independently from each other, in the radial axis R. It enables firm clamping of the ends of conductor wire piece in a cost and time efficient way. In another example, the plurality of the first holding components 1510 and the plurality of the second holding components 1520 can be actuated to rotate, independently from each other, around radial axis R.
[0091] The clamping device 1500 according to the present invention clamps each pair of ends of the formed wire pieces in an individual compartment through the cooperative rotation and movement of two holding components. The ends of the formed wire pieces can be clamped tightly in a reliable but simple manner, thereby improving the quality of subsequent laser welding. The individual compartment is not defined by size and geometry of the two holding components and thus can be flexibly adapted for a wide variety of the conductor wire pieces. The plurality of holding components can be actuated simultaneously so as to implement the clamping in a cost and time efficient way.
[0092] Also provided is a process of producing a hairpin stator according to the present invention.
[0093] Process step a.
[0094] In process step a. of the process for producing an assembly of a plurality of formed conductor wire pieces according to the present invention a conductor wire is provided, wherein the conductor wire has a conductor wire surface and wherein the conductor wire surface is to at least 50%, preferably at least 75%and more preferably at least 95%, coated with an electrical insulation. The wire surface that is coated with the electrical insulation is the perimeter surface of the conductor wire that surrounds the conductor wire in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conductor wire.
[0095] Preferably, the conductor wire can have any cross-sectional shape, such as a cyclic shape, an elliptic shape or a rectangular shape, wherein a rectangular shape of the cross-section of the conductor wire is particularly preferred. In case of such a rectangular shape, the length of the sides A and B of the rectangular cross-sectional area A × B is preferably in a range from 1 to 10 mm, more preferably in a range from 1.5 to 8 mm, and even more preferably in a range from 2 to 6 mm. Furthermore, the length of sides A and B defining the cross-sectional rectangular shape of the conductor wire may differ from each other by at least 0.25 mm, by at least 0.5 mm or by at least 1 mm.
[0096] The electrical insulation that covers at least a part of the conductor wire surface may be based on any material, such as enamel, paper, polymer, fiberglass, mica, and combinations thereof. In one specific example, the electrical insulation may be a polyamide-imide film. Also, the method for coating the conductor wire assembly may be any method as long as it is a method that is normally used as an insulation coating method such as immersion, electrodeposition coating, oxide filming, or plating. Conductor wires coated with such an electrical insulating that are suitable to be used in process step a. are commercially available from Hitachi Cable America, Inc. of White Plains, New York.
[0097] Providing the conductor wire in process step a. is preferably accomplished by means of a continues process in which a conductor wire that is wound on a reel and is continuously unwound from this reel by means of a feeding element and is subsequently straightened in several stages to reduce residual curvature and residual stresses. The process of providing a conductor wire may also include an additional step in which the electrical insulation of the conductor wire is partially stripped (removed) after the straightening process, preferably in regular intervals. Both laser-based and mechanical processes are used here to at least partially remove the electrical insolation.
[0098] Process step b.
[0099] In process step b. of the process for producing an assembly of a plurality of formed conductor wire pieces according to the present invention the conductor wire provided in process step a. is separated to obtain a plurality of longitudinal wire pieces, wherein each longitudinal wire piece in the plurality of longitudinal wire pieces comprises a first end and a second end. Preferably, separation is carried out within the stripped area of the conductor wire, preferably essentially centrally within this stripped area, so that the resulting longitudinal wire pieces are stripped to a certain length at their first and their second end –this length depending on the length of the area of the conductor wire stripped in process step a..
[0100] The length of each longitudinal wire piece in the plurality of longitudinal wire pieces that is produced in process step b. depends on the shape of the formed conductor wire piece, preferably on the shape of the hairpin, that is to be formed in process step c. . The conductor wire can, for example, be separated by means of a simple cutting process using a cam driven punch and die set which creates notches with a well-defined depth across the surface of the conductor wire in the middle of a stripped section thereof to separate the conductor wire at that point. In the alternative, the conductor wire may also be separated by means of a process selected from the group consisting of shear cutting, knife cutting, bite cutting, tearing or a combination of two or more of these approaches.
[0101] Process step b. may additionally comprise a process step in which the ends of the conductor wire piece are sharpened or chamfered for an easier arrangement of the formed conductor wire piece, preferably of the hairpin, in the slots of a stator as described later.
[0102] Process step c.
[0103] In process step c. of the process for producing an assembly of a plurality of formed conductor wire pieces according to the present invention the longitudinal wire pieces are formed to obtain formed wire pieces that comprise a first leg with a first end, a second leg with a second end and a bridging portion that connects the first leg and the second leg, preferably to hairpins. Preferably, formation is performed in such a way that formed conductor wire pieces are obtained in which the first and the second leg basically show in the same direction and are aligned substantially parallel to each other. According to one embodiment of the process according to the present invention the formed conductor wire pieces are characterized by a two-dimensional structure in such a sense that the two legs of a given formed conductor wire piece extend in one plane. According to another embodiment of the process according to the present invention the formed conductor wire pieces are characterized by a three-dimensional structure in such a sense that the two legs of a given formed conductor wire piece extend in two parallel planes offset from each other, this embodiment being particularly preferred. In order to obtain such a three-dimensional form, the bridging portion that connects the first and the second leg has the shape of a twisted “U” . An example of such a 3D-structured hairpin in shown in Fig. 1.
[0104] Forming of the longitudinal conductor wire piece can be accomplished by any method the person skilled in the art would consider to be suitable from forming a conductor wire such as a conductor wire. Preferred forming methods comprise Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) bending, swivel bending, press brake bending, free bending and a combination of at least two of these approaches. CNC-bending allows 2D-and 3D-bending of the conductor wire. The conductor wire is bent directly by a single or multiple bending tools into the desired final contour. When using swivel bending, the conductor wire is positioned on a stop system, in which an upper beam clamps the conductor wire against a lower beam. These bending clamps give the conductor wire the required 2D-geometry. The desired 3D-geometry can be obtained by combining the swivel bending processes with die bending processes or free bending processes. When using press brake bending, the 2D-bent hairpin is positioned on a die. The 3D-shape is subsequently imparted to the hairpin by downward movement of a press brake. When using free bending, one leg of the 2D-bent hairpin is placed between an upper and a lower cheek. A gripper then takes the free hairpin-leg and pulls the hairpin apart in order to obtain the desired 3D-shape.
[0105] It should be noted that in the process according to the present invention process step c. not necessarily has to be carried out after process step b. but can also be performed before process step b. In that case, first a formed conductor wire piece is prepared at the free end of the conductor wire provided in process step a. and thereafter the formed conductor wire piece it is separated from the conductor wire to obtain the formed conductor wire piece that in process step d. is then used to prepare an assembly of formed conductor wire pieces.
[0106] Process step d.
[0107] In process step d. of the process for producing an assembly of a plurality of formed conductor wire pieces the formed conductor wire pieces obtained in process step c. are arranged relative to each other in such a way that the first end of each of these formed conductor wire pieces and the second end of each of these formed conductor wire pieces are orientated in basically the same direction. In this context it is also preferred that the first ends and the second ends of each of these formed conductor wire pieces are basically located in the same plane. The total amount of formed conductor wire pieces that are arranged in process step d. depends on the desired size of the assembly and can be in the range from, for example, 25 to 3,000, in the range from 50 to 2,000 or in the range from 100 to 1,000.
[0108] Preferably, the formed conductor wire pieces are arranged in one or more circles, wherein in case of more than one circle these circles may be formed in a concentric arrangement. In this context it is particularly preferred that the plurality of formed conductor wire pieces is to be arranged within a cylindrical stator core, preferably within a cylindrical stator core, the stator core comprising an outer perimeter surface, an inner perimeter surface and a plurality of slots formed between the inner perimeter surface and the outer perimeter surface, the inner perimeter surface defining an inner space, preferably an inner cylindrical space, that extends in an axial direction within the stator core, wherein the formed conductor wire pieces are placed in the slots of the stator core. The longitudinal axis of the legs of the formed conductor wire pieces, preferably the longitudinal axis of the legs of the hairpins, runs parallel to the axial direction in which the inner space of the stator core extends. Depending on the width of the slots, each slot can accommodate a certain number n of legs of the formed conductor wire pieces, preferably of formed conductor wire pieces having the shape of a hairpin, n preferably being an even number in the range from 2 to 12, more preferably in the range from 4 to 10. The slot-positions of the legs of the formed conductor wire piece within a given slot can be numbered from 1 (the slot-position furthest away to the inner space of the stator) to x (the slot-position closet to the inner space of the stator) . An example of a cylindrical stator core in which the formed conductor wire pieces obtained in process step c. can be placed is shown in Fig. 3.
[0109] Preferably, in such a stator core the formed conductor wire pieces, preferably the formed conductor wire pieces having the shape of a hairpin, form a number n / 2 of rings, each ring running in a circumferential direction with the first ring r1 being the ring closest to the inner cylindrical space and the last ring rx being furthest away from the inner cylindrical space, wherein the formed conductor wire pieces are arranged in these rings in such a way that the first leg of a given formed conductor wire piece is placed in one of the plurality of slots at slot-position y (wherein y may, for example, be position 1, position 3, position 5 etc. ) , and the second leg of the same formed conductor wire piece may be positioned in the another slot at a slot-position y + 1 (e.g., if the first leg is placed in position 1 of a first slot, the second leg is placed in position 2 of another slot) . The circumferential distance of the two slots in the stator core depends, for example, on the distance between the first and the second end of a given formed conductor wire piece. When placing the formed conductor wire pieces, preferably the formed conductor wire pieces having the shape of a hairpin, into the slots in such a way, a plurality of concentrically arranged rings of formed conductor wire pieces is obtained, the number of rings being n / 2. According to a particular embodiment of the process according to the present invention n is 4, 6, 8 or 10 and thus 2, 3, 4 or 5 rings for hairpins are present in the assembly. At the end of process step e. (which will be described below) each of these rings forms an electrically conductive stator winding, these windings being arranged concentrically.
[0110] The stator core, preferably the cylindrical stator core, can be designed in one piece or in multiple pieces, in particular in multiple segments. A one-piece stator core is characterized in that the entire stator core is formed in one piece, viewed circumferentially. The stator core is preferably formed from a large number of electrical laminations that are electrically insulated from one another and are constructed in layers and packaged to form laminated cores. This structure keeps the eddy currents in the stator caused by the stator field low. The sheets are generally made of electrical steel and are stacked and packaged one on top of the other to form a stack. The individual laminations can then remain held together in the laminated core by gluing, welding or screwing. A segmented stator core is characterized in that it is made up of individual stator segment parts. The stator core can be made up of individual stator tooth, with each individual stator tooth being formed from the electrical laminations. Stator teeth are components of the stator core which are designed as circumferentially spaced, tooth-like radially inwardly directed parts of the stator body, wherein the free space between two adjacent tooth forms the slots mentioned above.
[0111] In addition to these slots, the cylindrical stator core may also comprise separate cooling ducts, which can be integrated into the laminated core of the stator as disclosed in EP 3 157 138 A1 as well as in the slot in addition to the electrically conductive stator winding as disclosed in Markus Schiefer: ,,Indirect winding cooling of highly utilized permanently excited synchronous machines with tooth coil winding” , dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 2017) .
[0112] Before introducing the formed conductor wire pieces into the slots of the cylindrical stator core, these slots are preferably insulated. For that purpose, insulation paper is usually fed through a paper roll and is then continuously folded and cut into the respective shape. After the paper has been cut and folded, the insulation paper is inserted into the slots of the stator slot by slot. In a subsequent process step the insulation paper can be expanded using a forming die that moves to both sides of the stator and expands the slot insulation by applying heat.
[0113] With respect to the introduction of the formed conductor wire pieces, preferably of the formed conductor wire pieces having the shape of a hairpin, into such a cylindrical stator core, different approaches can be used. It is, for example, possible to introduce the formed conductor wire pieces one after another into the slots of the stator. However, according to a preferred embodiment of the process for producing an assembly according to the present invention, the plurality of formed conductor wire pieces, preferably the plurality of formed conductor wire pieces having the shape of a hairpin are first assembled in such a way that the arrangement of the first and the second endings of all formed conductor wire pieces in that assembly corresponds to the arrangement of the slots of the cylindrical stator core, thereby forming a basket that comprises one or more rings (or crowns) of formed conductor wire pieces, preferably one or more rings of hairpins, wherein this basket (or each separate ring) is then introduced into the slots of the cylindrical stator core. A process for producing such a “pre-fitting nest” of hairpins is, for example, disclosed in US 11, 652, 392 B2. An example of such a basket that comprises two concentrically arranged rings of formed conductor wire pieces having the shape of a hairpin is shown in Fig. 2.
[0114] It has to be noted that not all formed conductor wire pieces having the shape of a hairpin that are assembled in the cylindrical stator core must have exactly the same shape. Usually, two, three or more different types of hairpins can be assembled in the stator as it is disclosed, for example, in US 2014 / 319953 A1.
[0115] The assembly of the formed conductor wire pieces in the form of the above-described basket, preferably the assembly of the formed conductor wire pieces having the shape of a hairpin, may take place in a workpiece carrier or in a transfer device. Preferred assembly strategies comprise techniques such as turning or radial feed. All formed conductor wire pieces assembled in such a basket may then be aligned of a single level to the required electrical circuit. Subsequently, all formed conductor wire pieces of each level may be assembled into the cylindrical stator core with the help of an entering mask and a counter stay for hairpin guiding and an assembly gripper for hairpin inserting. After the formed conductor wire pieces or the assembly of formed conductor wire pieces have been introduced into the slots of the stator core from one side of the stator core, the ends of the formed conductor wire pieces protrude from the opposite side of the stator.
[0116] Process step e.
[0117] In process step e. of the process for producing an assembly of a plurality of formed conductor wire pieces according to the present invention an electrical contact is provided between the first or the second end of a given formed and the first or the second end of another formed conductor wire piece. Preferably, these contacts are formed for all formed conductor wire pieces that are located within in a given ring of formed conductor wire pieces, thereby forming one or more electrically conductive windings.
[0118] After the formed conductor wire pieces have been assembled, preferably after these formed conductor wire pieces have been assembled within a cylindrical stator core in the manner described above, conductive windings are formed by electrically connecting the ends of the formed conductor wire pieces according to the desired winding scheme. For that purpose, an electrical contact is provided between the first or the second end of a given formed with the first or the second end of another formed conductor wire piece.
[0119] Before forming these contacts, the process may comprise the process step of radially separating the ends of the formed conductor wire pieces (= necking process) of to allow a better axial access to the twisting tool in the subsequent twisting step. In this necking process the ends of the formed conductor wire pieces may be radially shaped by a forming tool to create sufficient distance between them. After this separation, the first and the second end of each formed conductor wire piece of the assembly, preferably the first end the second end of each formed conductor wire piece having the shape of a hairpin, are twisted according to the requirement of the desired winding scheme, so that the first or the second end of one formed conductor wire piece comes into close contact with the first or the second end of another formed conductor wire piece (=twisting process) . To achieve such a contact, the first leg of a given formed conductor wire piece is bonded into the direction in which the first or the second leg of the formed conductor wire piece with which the given formed conductor wire piece is to be connected and vice versa. When bending the ends of the formed conductor wire pieces in such a way, preferably an s-shaped structure of the ends is obtained. In this context it is particularly preferred that, after the formed conductor wire pieces are arranged in the cylindrical stator core, the formed conductor wire pieces are bent in such a way that two connecting ends of different hairpins represent adjacent connecting ends (see Fig. 5) . For the purposes of the invention, adjacent connection ends are understood to be two connection ends that are nearest neighbors to each other and may even be adjacent to each other, i.e. may be in mechanical contact with each other as disclosed, for example, in DE 10 2017 201 533 A1 or in DE 2019 219 683 A1.
[0120] After the formed conductor wire pieces have been bent as described above, the respective adjacent connection ends are electrically conductively connected to each other, e.g. by soldering, by welding or, which is also conceivable, by mechanical plug-in connections. It is particularly preferred to melt the surfaces of the copper ends by absorption of laser power and to then bind them together in the subsequent cooling process (Laser-welding) . If the adjacent connection ends have been connected to each other in an electrically conductive manner, they may subsequently be provided with an anti-corrosive insulation according to the invention, whereby the anti-corrosive insulation exclusively covers the connection ends.
[0121] To realize phase jumps and the winding connection, the process for producing an assembly of a plurality of formed conductor wire piece preferably comprises, as a further process step, the connection of switching elements or assemblies to the windings. This process is usually also carried out by a Laser-welding process. Examples of interconnection elements are contact rings, jumpers and terminals. A process for providing such connections is, for example, disclosed in DE 10 2018 009 206 A1.
[0122] The process according to the present invention is now characterized in comprising before step e. a step of clamping the first end 102 or the second end 104 of the formed conductor wire piece 100.
[0123] The process for clamping at least one end of a conductor wire piece for further processing according to the present application comprises the steps of:
[0124] - providing the conductor wire piece with the at least one end;
[0125] - positioning the at least one end between a first holding component and a second holding component of a clamping device, wherein the first holding component and the second holding component are disposed substantially on a same plane P, wherein the first holding component has a first recess and the second holding component has a second recess; and
[0126] -making the first holding component and the second holding component to move relative to each other on the plane P, so as to clamp the at least one end in a compartment defined by the first recess and the second recess.
[0127] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of positioning the at least one end between the first holding component and the second holding component of the clamping device comprises:
[0128] - introducing the at least one end into the clamping device with the first recess and the second recess being oriented to be perpendicular to the plane P;
[0129] - rotating the first holding component around a first extension direction R1 of the first holding component, so as to orient the first recess on the plane P; and
[0130] - rotating the second holding component around a second extension direction R2 of the second holding component, so as to orient the second recess on the plane P.
[0131] In a preferred embodiment, the step of making the first holding component and the second holding component to move relative to each other comprises:
[0132] - moving the first holding component in the first extension direction R1 on the plane P, to clamp the at least one end between the first recess and the second recess, and / or
[0133] - moving the second holding component in the second extension direction R2 on the plane P, to clamp the at least one end between the first recess and the second recess.
[0134] When removing the at least one end from the clamping device, the process comprises:
[0135] - moving the first holding component and / or the second holding component on the plane P, to release the clamped end; and
[0136] - rotating the first holding component around the first extension direction R1 of the first holding component, so as to orient the first recess to be perpendicular to the plane P; and
[0137] - rotating the second holding component around a second extension direction R2 of the second holding component, so as to orient the second recess to be perpendicular to the plane P.
[0138] In a preferred embodiment, the first holding component comprises a plurality of the first recesses distributed along the first extension direction R1, while the second holding component correspondingly comprises a plurality of the second recesses distributed along the second extension direction R2. In one example, the step of making the first holding component and the second holding component to move relative to each other on the plane P comprises: making the first holding component and the second holding component to move relative to each other on the plane P, so as to clamp the at least one end in the compartment defined by a corresponding pair of the first recess and the second recess.
[0139] In a preferred embodiment, the clamping device comprises a plurality of the first holding components and a plurality of the second holding components alternately disposed in a radial axis R on the plane P to form a circle with a center C. The step of providing the conductor wire piece with the at least one end comprises providing an assembly of formed conductor wire pieces having a plurality of end groups. Each of the groups comprising a plurality of the ends. The assembly is annular basket-shaped with the center C. The step of positioning the at least one end between the first holding component and the second holding component of the clamping device comprises positioning each of the plurality of end groups between a corresponding pair of the first holding component and the second holding component. The step of making the first holding component and the second holding component to move relative to each other on the plane P comprises making the first holding component and the second holding component in each pair to move relative to each other on the plane P, so as to clamp the end of the corresponding end group in the compartment defined by the first recess and the second recess. The first extension direction R1 of the first holding component or the second extension direction R2 of the second holding component is in the radial axis R.
[0140] In a preferred embodiment, a pair of the first holding component and the second holding component has a different arrangement from its neighbouring pair of the first holding component and the second holding component in such a way that the two first holding components or the two second holding components of the two neighbouring pairs are arranged to be adjacent. Preferably, the two first holding components or the two second holding components of the two neighbouring pairs are formed as a single body.
[0141] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises the step of actuating, independently from each other, the plurality of the first holding components and the plurality of the second holding components.
[0142] A contribution to solving at least one of the objects according to the invention is also made by an assembly, preferably by a stator for electric machines in a hairpin construction, that is obtainable by that process.
[0143] A contribution to solving at least one of the objects according to the invention is also made by electric machines comprising a stator in a hairpin construction obtainable by the process for producing a stator for electric machines in a hairpin construction and a rotor that is located in the inner cylindrical space of the stator.
[0144] The electric machine according to the invention can also include a motor housing. The motor housing encloses the electrical machine. In particular, the stator is accommodated in the motor housing and fixed in a rotationally fixed manner relative to it. A motor housing can also accommodate the control and power electronics. The motor housing can also be part of a cooling system for the electrical machine and designed in such a way that cooling fluid is supplied via the motor housing to the electrical machine, in particular to the stator and cooling ducts present in the stator, and / or the heat is dissipated to the outside via the housing surfaces. In addition, the motor housing protects the electrical machine and any electronics that may be present from external influences. A motor housing can be formed in particular from a metallic material. Advantageously, the motor housing can be formed from a cast metal material, such as gray cast iron or cast steel. In principle, it is also conceivable to form the motor housing entirely or partially from a plastic.
[0145] A contribution to solving at least one of the objects according to the invention is also made by a device comprising moving parts driven by such an electric machine. The electric machine is intended in particular for use within a drive train of a hybrid or all-electric motor vehicle. In particular, the electric machine may be dimensioned in such a way that vehicle speeds of more than 50 km / h, preferably more than 80 km / h and in particular more than 100 km / h can be achieved. The electric machine particularly preferably has a power of more than 30 kW, preferably more than 50 kW and in particular more than 70 kW. Furthermore, it is preferred that the electric machine provides speeds greater than 5,000 rpm, particularly preferably greater than 10,000 rpm, very particularly preferably greater than 12,500 rpm.
[0146] The electrical machine can be installed in an electrically operable final drive train. An electric final drive train of a motor vehicle includes an electric machine and a transmission, the electric machine and the transmission forming a structural unit. Provision can in particular be made for the electric machine and the transmission to be arranged in a common drive train housing. Alternatively, it would of course also be possible for the electric machine to have a motor housing and the gearbox to have a gearbox housing, in which case the structural unit can then be effected by fixing the gearbox in relation to the electric machine. This structural unit is sometimes also referred to as the E-axis.
[0147] For the purposes of this application, motor vehicles are land vehicles that are moved by machine power without being tied to railroad tracks. A motor vehicle can be selected, for example, from the group of passenger cars (cars) , trucks (lorries) , mopeds, light motor vehicles, motorcycles, buses (COM) or tractors.
[0148] REFERENCE LIST
[0149] 100 formed conductor wire piece, preferably formed conductor wire piece with the shape of a hairpin
[0150] 101 first leg of the formed conductor wire piece 100
[0151] 102 first end of the formed conductor wire piece 100
[0152] 103 second leg of the formed conductor wire piece 100
[0153] 104 second end of the formed conductor wire piece 100
[0154] 105 bridging portion of formed conductor wire piece 100 by means of which legs 101 and 103 are connected
[0155] 200 assembly of formed conductor wire pieces 100
[0156] 201 plane in which the ends 102, 104 of the first and second leg 101, 103 of each formed conductor wire piece 100 are located
[0157] 202 first circle of assembled formed conductor wire pieces 100
[0158] 203 second circle of assembled formed conductor wire pieces 100
[0159] 300 cylindrical stator core
[0160] 301 outer perimeter surface
[0161] 302 inner perimeter surface
[0162] 303 slot
[0163] 304 electrical lamination layer
[0164] 305 tooth
[0165] 400 stator in hairpin construction
[0166] 401 connections
[0167] 1500 clamping device
[0168] 1510 first holding component
[0169] 1520 second holding component
[0170] 1515 first recess
[0171] 1525 second recess
[0172] 1530 single body of first holding components
[0173] 1540 single body of second holding components
Claims
1.A process for clamping at least one end (102, 104) of a conductor wire piece for further processing, comprising the steps of :a) providing the conductor wire piece with the at least one end (102, 104) ;b) positioning the at least one end (102, 104) between a first holding component (1510) and a second holding component (1520) of a clamping device (1500) , wherein the first holding component (1510) and the second holding component (1520) are disposed substantially on a same plane (P) , wherein the first holding component (1510) has a first recess (1515) and the second holding component (1520) has a second recess (1525) ; andc) making the first holding component (1510) and the second holding component (1520) to move relative to each other on the plane (P) , so as to clamp the at least one end (102, 104) in a compartment defined by the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) .2.The process according to claim 1, wherein the step b) comprises:b1) introducing the at least one end (102, 104) into the clamping device (1500) with the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) being oriented to be perpendicular to the plane (P) ;b2) rotating the first holding component (1510) around a first extension direction (R1) of the first holding component (1510) , so as to orient the first recess (1515) on the plane (P) ; andb3) rotating the second holding component (1520) around a second extension direction (R2) of the second holding component (1520) , so as to orient the second recess (1525) on the plane (P) .3.The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step c) comprises:c1) moving the first holding component (1510) in the first extension direction (R1) on the plane (P) , to clamp the at least one end (102, 104) between the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) , and / orc2) moving the second holding component (1520) in the second extension direction (R2) on the plane (P) , to clamp the at least one end (102, 104) between the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) .4.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:d) removing the at least one end (102, 104) from the clamping device (1500) , wherein the step d) comprises:d1) moving the first holding component (1510) and / or the second holding component (1520) on the plane (P) , to release the clamped end (102, 104) ; andd2) rotating the first holding component (1510) around the first extension direction (R1) of the first holding component (1510) , so as to orient the first recess (1515) to be perpendicular to the plane (P) ; andb3) rotating the second holding component (1520) around a second extension direction (R2) of the second holding component (1520) , so as to orient the second recess (1525) to be perpendicular to the plane (P) .5.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first holding component (1510) comprises a plurality of the first recesses (1515) distributed along the first extension direction (R1) , while the second holding component (1520) correspondingly comprises a plurality of the second recesses (1525) distributed along the second extension direction (R2) , wherein the step c) comprises:- making the first holding component (1510) and the second holding component (1520) to move relative to each other on the plane (P) , so as to clamp the at least one end (102, 104) in the compartment defined by a corresponding pair of the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) .6.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the clamping device (1500) comprises a plurality of the first holding components (1510) and a plurality of the second holding components (1520) alternately disposed in a radial axis (R) on the plane (P) to form a circle with a center (C) ,wherein the step a) comprises providing an assembly (200) of formed conductor wire pieces (100, 130) having a plurality of end groups, each of the groups comprising a plurality of the ends (102, 104) , wherein the assembly (200) is annular basket-shaped with the center (C) ;wherein the step b) comprises positioning each of the plurality of end groups between a corresponding pair of the first holding component (1510) and the second holding component (1520) ;wherein the step c) comprises making the first holding component (1510) and the second holding component (1520) in each pair to move relative to each other on the plane (P) , so as to clamp the end (102, 104) of the corresponding end group in the compartment defined by the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) ,wherein the first extension direction (R1) of the first holding component (1510) or the second extension direction (R2) of the second holding component (1520) is in the radial axis (R) .7.The process according to claim 6, wherein a pair of the first holding component (1510) and the second holding component (1520) has a different arrangement from its neighbouring pair of the first holding component (1510) and the second holding component (1520) in such a way that the two first holding components (1510) or the two second holding components (1520) of the two neighbouring pairs are arranged to be adjacent.8.A process for producing a hairpin stator, comprising the steps of:- clamping at least one end (102, 104) of a conductor wire piece according to any one of claims 1 to 7; and- processing the at least one clamped end (102, 104) of the conductor wire piece to produce the hairpin stator,wherein the step of processing comprises:- providing, in particular by means of welding, an electrical contact between the at least one clamped end (102, 104) .9.A process for producing a hairpin stator, the process comprising the steps of:i) providing a conductor wire (501) ,- wherein the conductor wire (501) has a conductor wire surface and conductor wire cross-section;- wherein the conductor wire surface is to at least 50%coated with an electrical insulation;ii) separating the conductor wire (501) to obtain a longitudinal conductor wire piece,- wherein the longitudinal conductor wire piece comprises a first end (102) and a second end (104) ;iii) forming the longitudinal conductor wire piece to a formed conductor wire piece (100, 130) that comprises a first leg (101) with the first end (102) , a second leg (103) with the second end (104) and a bridging portion (105) that connects the first leg (101) and the second leg (103) ;iv) arranging a plurality of such formed conductor wire pieces (100, 130) relative to each other to obtain an assembly (200) of formed conductor wire pieces (100, 130) , wherein this arrangement is accomplished in such a way that the legs (101, 103) of the formed conductor wire pieces (100, 130) of this plurality of formed conductor wire pieces (100, 130) are orientated in basically the same direction;v) introducing the assembly (200) into a stator (300) comprising a plurality of slots (303) , each slot (303) having a first slot end (303a) and a second slot end (303b) , by introducing the legs (102, 104) of the formed conductor wire pieces (100, 130) into the first slot end (303a) of the slots (303) of the stator (300) , wherein the ends (102, 104) of each leg (101, 103) protrude from the stator (303) at the second slot end (303b) of the slots (303) , followed by twisting of these ends (102, 104) to achieve a certain spatial arrangement of these ends (102, 104) ;vi) providing an electrical contact between the first end (102) or the second end (104) of a given formed conductor wire piece (100, 130) and the first end (102) or the second end (104) of another formed conductor wire piece (100, 130) ;wherein, the process further comprises, after step v) and before step vi) :vi’) clamping the first end (102) or the second end (104) of the formed conductor wire piece (100, 130) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.10.A clamping device (1500) for clamping at least one end (102, 104) of a conductor wire piece introduced into the clamping device (1500) for further processing, comprising:- a first holding component (1510) with a first recess (1515) ; and- a second holding component (1520) with a second recess (1525) , wherein the second holding component (1520) is disposed substantially on a same plane (P) as the first holding component (1510) ,wherein the first holding component (1510) and the second holding component (1520) are adapted and arranged to move relative to each other on the plane (P) ;wherein the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) are adapted and arranged to clamp the at least one end (102, 104) in a compartment defined by the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) .11.The clamping device (1500) according to claim 10, wherein the first holding component (1510) is adapted and arranged to rotate around a first extension direction (R1) of the first holding component (1510) , while the second holding component (1520) is adapted and arranged to rotate around a second extension direction (R2) of the second holding component (1520) .12.The clamping device (1500) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the first holding component (1510) is adapted and arranged to move in the first extension direction (R1) on the plane (P) , so as to clamp the at least one end (102, 104) between the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) and / orwherein the second holding component (1520) is adapted and arranged to move in the second extension direction (R2) on the plane (P) , so as to clamp the at least one end (102, 104) between the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) .13.The clamping device (1500) according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the first holding component (1510) comprises a plurality of the first recesses (1515) distributed along the first extension direction (R1) , while the second holding component (1520) correspondingly comprises a plurality of the second recesses (1525) distributed along the second extension direction (R2) ,wherein the plurality of the first recesses (1515) and the plurality of the second recesses (1525) are adapted and arranged to clamp the at least one end (102, 104) in the compartment defined by a corresponding pair of the first recess (1515) and the second recess (1525) .14.The clamping device (1500) according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the clamping device (1500) comprises a plurality of the first holding components (1510) and a plurality of the second holding components (1520) alternately disposed in a radial axis (R) on the plane (P) to form a circle with a center (C) ,wherein the plurality of the first holding components (1510) and the plurality of the second holding components (1520) are adapted and arranged to clamp a plurality of the ends (102, 104) of an assembly (200) of formed conductor wire pieces (100, 130) introduced into the clamping device (1500) , wherein the assembly (200) is annular basket-shaped with the center (C) ,wherein the first extension direction (R1) of the first holding component (1510) or the second extension direction (R2) of the second holding component (1520) is in the radial axis (R) .15.The clamping device (1500) according to claim 14, wherein a pair of the first holding component (1510) and the second holding component (1520) has a different arrangement from its neighbouring pair of the first holding component (1510) and the second holding component (1520) in such a way that the two first holding components (1510) or the two second holding components (1520) of the two neighbouring pairs are arranged to be adjacent.
Citation Information
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