High-temperature heat conductor and geothermal power plant

Abstract

The invention relates to a geothermal power plant (141), to a method for removing heat from a deep borehole (191) and to a high-temperature heat conductor (101), wherein the high-temperature heat conductor (101) has a pipe (103) having a heat input device (105) arranged at a first end of the pipe (103) and oriented in the direction of a plastic rock (193) in a deep borehole (191) and has a fluid guide (107, 109) by means of which a fluid can be transported from an above-ground heat removal point (111) arranged at a second end of the pipe (103) to a heat input region (113) arranged on the heat input device and vice versa, #wherein there are arranged on an outer wall of the pipe (103) at least one recess (117) and a first latching device (119) which corresponds to the recess (117) and is rotatably mounted on the outer wall (115), wherein the high-temperature heat conductor (101) is arranged displaceably in a feed direction in the of a in the casing (195) of the deep borehole (191) by way of the first latching device (119) being located substantially in the recess (117) in a first position, and wherein the high-temperature heat conductor (101) can be locked relative to the casing (195) in an ejection direction oriented opposite the feed direction by way of the first latching device (119) being braced in at least one groove (197) in the casing (195) in a second position.

Description

[0001] High-temperature heat conductor and geothermal power plant

[0002]

[0001] The invention relates to a high-temperature heat conductor, a geothermal power plant and a method for extracting heat from a deep borehole.

[0003]

[0002] Devices and methods are known in the art that utilize thermal energy stored in the Earth's crust for thermal purposes. These devices are referred to as geothermal devices, geothermal systems, or geothermal power plants.

[0004]

[0003] Geothermal collectors or two-well systems, for example, are used to harness thermal energy at depths of up to 15 m. Shallow geothermal probes are used to tap heat at depths of up to 150 m below the Earth's surface. Deep geothermal probes are used to tap geothermal energy at depths of up to 2,000 m below the Earth's surface. Due to the Earth's structure, geothermal energy generally increases toward the Earth's core, with the increase depending on the respective layer structure.

[0005]

[0004] Particularly in geothermal power plants for the extraction of near-surface thermal energy, closed pipe systems are laid in boreholes. Usually, two boreholes are drilled, which are connected at their ends by transverse expansion. A fluid is introduced into the pipe system and pumped through the pipe system, thereby being heated by geothermal energy. In other words, the fluid absorbs part of the geothermal energy, is pumped to the surface, and there the heat is extracted from the fluid.

[0006]

[0005] Even in geothermal power plants with deep geothermal probes, pipe systems are mostly used. Such systems often use a production well and a

[0007] Reinjection wells, which are connected by a geothermal reservoir. Such geothermal power plants for the extraction of geothermal energy from deeper layers are generally used for high-enthalpy and

[0008] Low-enthalpy deposits are used.

[0009] High enthalpy deposits in particular have a rock temperature of 200 ° C to 400 ° C .

[0010]

[0006] The known geothermal power plants are designed to extract heat from earth layers with a maximum geothermal temperature of 400 ° C.

[0011]

[0007] DE 10 2013 016 511 A1 describes a heat exchanger made of particularly temperature-resistant materials, for suspension in the magma of suitable, generally effusive, volcanoes. A specific design of the heat exchanger is not provided in the document.

[0012]

[0008] EP 3 380 794 B1 discloses a closed geothermal heat exchanger for a magmatic or formation, comprising a casing which contains a heat transfer fluid with which it is in direct contact, the casing being flexible so that, under the effect of the pressure of the heat transfer fluid, it is in direct contact with a wall of a borehole containing the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger being characterized in that it has a holding harness in its upper part which is designed to limit the expansion of the flexible casing and which at least partially covers the upper part of the heat exchanger, the holding harness being made of aramid belts. The holding harness does not allow a safe and accident-proof arrangement of a high-temperature heat conductor in a magma-bearing region.

[0013]

[0009] The known methods and devices do not allow for the efficient use of higher geothermal temperatures, in particular the geothermal temperature of plastic rock, also known as magma. If the known methods and devices were used to extract geothermal energy from plastic rock, this would not be stable due to the high temperatures. On the other hand, plastic rock is known to be subject to high pressure, which the known systems cannot withstand and would be pushed back to the earth's surface or even out of the deep borehole. In the latter case, the magma would have direct access to the earth's surface, which would pose a serious environmental threat.

[0014]

[0010] The object of the invention is to improve the state of the art.

[0015]

[0011] The object is achieved by a high-temperature heat conductor for the above-ground heat extraction of heat from a plastic rock present at one end of a deep borehole, wherein the high-temperature heat conductor comprises a pipe with a heat input device arranged at a first end of the pipe and oriented in the direction of the plastic rock and a fluid guide, by means of which a fluid can be transported from an above-ground heat extraction point arranged at a second end of the pipe to a heat input region arranged at the heat input device and from the heat input region to the above-ground heat extraction point, wherein at least one recess and a first locking device corresponding to the recess and rotatably mounted on the outer wall are arranged on an outer wall of the pipe,so that the high-temperature heat conductor is arranged displaceably in a feed direction in a casing of a deep borehole, in that the first locking device is present in a first position substantially in the recess and is locked relative to the casing in an ejection direction oriented opposite to the feed direction, in that the first locking device is clamped in a second position in at least one groove of the casing.

[0016]

[0012] An essential idea of ​​the invention is that the high-temperature heat conductor has devices by means of which it realizes the pushing into a magma chamber by means of which it is secured against slipping out of the deep borehole and by means of which it is set up to extract heat from a plastic rock without causing an environmental hazard.

[0017]

[0013] The high-temperature heat conductor according to the invention advantageously has a substantially smooth outer contour in a feed direction during its advance in a tunnel-like system, also called formwork, so that the high-temperature heat conductor can be guided essentially without tilting through a deep borehole initially created by means of a conventional deep drill in the direction of the plastic rock. By means of the bulges, the high-temperature heat conductor according to the invention can additionally advantageously be driven further down the deep borehole in the direction of the liquid rock. For this purpose, the advance of the high-temperature heat conductor is achieved in particular by means of an imaginary feed force applied to the high-temperature heat conductor, in particular above ground and / or by means of bracing elements and / or hydraulic cylinders.Upon reaching the plastic rock, upon removal of the thrust force, and / or upon opening a magma chamber, a pressure-induced force from the plastic rock acts, in particular additionally or alternatively, on the high-temperature heat conductor, counter to the direction of the thrust force. In other words, the pressure-induced force can lead to a movement of the high-temperature heat conductor toward the Earth's crust.The high-temperature heat conductor according to the invention, in particular the at least one locking device of the high-temperature heat conductor, advantageously ensures, in particular during a movement of the high-temperature heat conductor in the direction of the earth's crust and in interaction with the casing of the deep borehole, in particular with at least one recessed contour arranged on the casing, also called a groove, that the high-temperature heat conductor is locked in a fixed position relative to the casing and is therefore not moved in the direction of the earth's crust, which could potentially lead to undesired magma escaping. In other words, the locking element is pivoted out of the previously essentially smooth outer contour during the locking process and forms a type of positive connection with the groove.

[0018]

[0014] Thus, the high-temperature heat conductor is advantageously protected against its partial or complete ejection from the deep borehole even during the introduction of a pressure-induced force of the plastic rock.

[0019]

[0015] The following terms are explained:

[0020]

[0016] "Plastic rock", also called magma, is understood to mean, in particular, rock which has entered a plastic state, in particular under the influence of high pressure and / or high temperatures, and which is, in particular, malleable without breaking. Plastic rock, for which the high-temperature heat conductor according to the invention is designed, has, in particular, temperatures of 1000 to 1600 degrees Celsius. The plastic rock is present, in particular, in regions which, in particular, have a connection to a magma core of the Earth.

[0021]

[0017] In order to determine an optimal location for the installation of the high-temperature heat conductor according to the invention, locations where magma is present close to the Earth's surface, such as in lava lakes, open volcanoes, or near-surface magma chambers or magma veins, can be considered first. Using ground-penetrating radar, rock density can also be determined across depth, in particular to detect cracks or joints in the rock. Finally, reference drilling can be used to determine a precise rock layer structure, and this, with integrated heat measurement, can provide information about the respective heat zones along the depth.The selection process described above must be repeated until an optimal location is found, where the rock layer structure is as solid as possible, where the temperature rises sharply, particularly at a very late point in time, and where the distance between the plastic rock and the earth's surface is as small as possible.

[0022]

[0018] A "high-temperature heat conductor" is understood to mean a technical device which is designed to extract heat from a system having a high temperature. A "high temperature" is understood to mean, in particular, a temperature of up to 2,500 °C. In one application, the high-temperature heat conductor is located in particular in a deep borehole, in particular in contact with a casing of the deep borehole in a deep borehole.

[0023]

[0019] A high-temperature heat conductor according to the invention comprises in particular a tube with a heat input device arranged at a first end of the tube.

[0024]

[0020] A "heat introduction device" is understood to mean, in particular, a heat-conducting element which seals the lower end of the high-temperature heat conductor in a fluid-tight manner and by means of which heat from the magma is dissipated into the fluid when in use.

[0025]

[0021] "Fluid-tight" means that the penetration of liquids or gases is essentially prevented. "Essentially", also largely or mainly, means that central aspects are met, even if minor deviations exist.

[0022] The heat input device additionally performs the function of a cutting wheel in order to open the magma chamber. Due to the dual function of the heat input device, it advantageously remains in the deep borehole after the magma chamber has been opened and thus closes it relatively quickly.

[0026]

[0023] In one embodiment, the heat input device is particularly dome-shaped and / or spherical in order to advantageously have a high level of stability. The heat input device comprises, in particular, graphite with a material thickness of 15 cm to 40 cm, in particular 30 cm, and can be manufactured using machining processes. Graphite comprises, in particular, stacked graphene layers. Graphene has a melting point of over 3000 °C and a modulus of elasticity of approximately 1020 GPa, as well as a tensile strength of 1.25 x 10 11 Pa, making it extremely stiff and strong. Graphene is also chemically resistant and retains its shape even at extremely high temperatures, particularly up to 3500 degrees Celsius.

[0027]

[0024] The heat input region of the high-temperature heat conductor, in which the fluid is present, is arranged on an inner surface of the dome of the heat input device. In particular, a plurality of bulges are arranged on an outer surface of the dome of the heat input device, which bulges result from indentations in the dome, in which elements are arranged. The elements are in particular spherical and / or disc-shaped and are rotatably mounted on the heat input device. By means of the bulges, both a grinding of rock during a rotating feed movement of the high-temperature heat conductor introduced into the deep borehole and an optimal heat input from the plastic rock into the fluid present in the heat input region is achieved as soon as the heat input device is at least partially present in the magma chamber.In order to advantageously increase the grinding effect of the elements, a surface of the elements can be coated, in particular by means of diamond dust.

[0028]

[0025] The elements of the bulges comprise, in particular, a particularly strong and heat-conducting material. In one embodiment, the elements comprise tungsten. Tungsten has a thermal conductivity of 170 W / (mK) and a melting point of over 3400 °C. Tungsten is advantageously a chemically very resistant metal with very good thermal conductivity and a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, which makes it advantageously dimensionally stable even at extremely high temperatures. Thus, tungsten is advantageously very well suited to achieving optimal heat removal from the plastic rock and, at the same time, offering sufficient stability to achieve grinding during the advance of the high-temperature heat conductor before entering a magma chamber.

[0029]

[0026] The second end of the pipe can be arranged at an above-ground heat extraction point, in particular at a head station of a geothermal power plant, to which a high-temperature heat conductor according to the invention is assigned. In one embodiment, the head station is firmly locked relative to the surrounding ground. The locking of the head station can be realized by means of a locking device. The locking device of the head station corresponds in particular functionally and / or shape-related to a locking device of a high-temperature heat conductor according to the invention.

[0030]

[0027] The above-ground heat extraction point is in particular designed to extract heat from the fluid and make it available and / or to generate electrical energy from the extracted heat. The heat is transported between the heat input device and the above-ground heat extraction point in particular by means of a fluid which is present in a fluid guide. In other words, the fluid is transported by means of the fluid guide from an above-ground heat extraction point arranged at a second end of the pipe at the head station to a heat input region arranged at the heat input device and from the heat input region to the above-ground heat extraction point. The fluid guide in particular has pipes. The pipes are in particular graphite pipes and are therefore dimensionally stable in all regions, in particular in those which are arranged in spatial proximity to the plastic rock.

[0031]

[0028] The fluid may comprise a tin-glass mixture. The use of tin is advantageously not harmful to the environment, even in the event of an accident. The tin-glass mixture can advantageously absorb a large amount of heat and store it during transport along the fluid guide to a withdrawal point. A preheating system can be used to achieve viscosity. Alternatively, the fluid may comprise water, in particular saline water, and the water may be supercritical due to the heat input, which advantageously also allows a high heat input to be achieved. Finally, the fluid may comprise lead and / or copper.

[0032]

[0029] To transport the fluid along the fluid guide, the substantially pipe-guided fluid guide can have at least one conveying device, such as a conveyor screw. A flow rate of the conveyor screw corresponds in particular to a rotational speed of the conveyor screw, so that a temperature of the fluid at a predefined point in the system, which corresponds to a residence time of the fluid in the heat input region in the vicinity of the plastic rock, can advantageously be adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of the conveyor screw.

[0030] A diameter of the pipe of the high-temperature heat conductor can be 1 m to 5 m, in particular 3 m. The diameter is selected in particular to correspond to a size of a thermal power plant to be connected and / or connected to the high-temperature heat conductor.The high-temperature heat conductor, in particular the tube of the high-temperature heat conductor, can be segmented in length. Each segment can be 100 cm to 300 cm, in particular 150 cm long. Advantageously, the segmented tube design allows for easy insertion of the high-temperature heat conductor into a deep borehole. The segmented tubes can be coupled together, in particular using a bayonet lock.

[0033]

[0031] At least one recess is arranged on an outer wall of the tube with a first locking device corresponding to the recess and rotatably mounted on the outer wall.

[0034]

[0032] The pipe may have a plurality of segments, wherein the plurality of segments may be of different lengths. The length of a segment remote from the earth's surface is, in particular, shorter than the length of a segment near the surface. This advantageously allows for optimized insertion and locking of a locking device of the high-temperature heat conductor in a casing of a deep borehole.

[0035]

[0033] A "deep borehole" is understood to mean, in particular, a borehole produced using a conventional drilling system. The depth of the deep borehole corresponds in particular to a temperature of the surrounding rock of the deep borehole, which naturally increases in the direction of the Earth's core and / or a magma-bearing chamber. The deep borehole can in particular be driven forward until a temperature of in particular up to 500 degrees Celsius is reached at a drill head, insofar as the conventional drilling system is designed for such temperatures. After completion of the production of the

[0036] For deep drilling, the conventional drilling system is completely removed from the deep borehole. For this purpose, the conventional drill head is designed to be dismantled and / or folded so that it can be transported through the casing.

[0037]

[0034] The deep borehole can run essentially vertically in the direction of the Earth's core. Additionally or alternatively, the deep borehole can be oriented obliquely, such as on mountain flanks, in particular essentially horizontally, in particular at an angle of up to 90 degrees with respect to the Earth's core, in particular 1 to 80 degrees with respect to the Earth's core. In special cases, the orientation of the deep borehole could also have a negative angle. The choice of an optimal angle corresponds in particular to the geographical conditions on site. In particular if the deep borehole is arranged on a flank of a mountain, in particular a volcano, and / or if the deep borehole runs in the direction of an overhead magma chamber, an oblique design of the orientation of the deep borehole is advantageous.In this way, the required length of the deep drilling is advantageously as short as possible, the penetration of as few rock layers as possible and / or an optimized direction of action of potential, in particular magma-induced, ejection forces is realized.

[0038]

[0035] In order to stabilize the rock surrounding the deep borehole, at least one transverse anchor, in particular a plurality of transverse anchors, can be realized, wherein the transverse anchors can be designed in particular by means of concrete and / or resin injected into boreholes.

[0039]

[0036] During the construction of the deep borehole, a casing is successively introduced into the deep borehole. In other words, the casing is introduced segment by segment, in particular in accordance with the advance of the conventional drilling system. The segments can, in particular, have a length of 100 cm to 300 cm, in particular 150 cm, and a diameter of 100 cm to 500 cm, in particular 300 cm. Advantageously, a deep borehole with defined edge regions is realized by means of the casing.

[0040]

[0037] An inner diameter of the casing is in particular somewhat smaller, in particular 0.1 cm to 0.5 cm smaller, than an outer diameter of the tube of the high-temperature heat conductor, so that this can advantageously be integrated into the casing of the

[0041] Deep drilling can be introduced.

[0042]

[0038] Along a longitudinal extent of the casing, at least one casing element, advantageously a plurality of casing elements, has at least one groove corresponding to at least one locking device of the high-temperature heat conductor. A plurality of grooves can in particular be arranged distributed over a circumference of the casing and / or along the longitudinal extent. The arrangement of the plurality of grooves can in particular correspond to an expected length of the deep borehole, so that the high-temperature heat conductor can advantageously be moved by a maximum retraction length in the direction of the earth's crust before at least one of the retraction elements engages in a groove and thus further movement of the high-temperature heat conductor in the direction of the earth's crust is stopped.

[0043]

[0039] The elements of the segmented formwork can be coupled together, in particular using a bayonet lock. This advantageously creates a solid connection between the segments; the segments can be easily transported to the installation site, as they are advantageously easier to handle than a complete concrete pipe; and the already hardened concrete with the grooves can advantageously be produced at an external production site and does not have to be produced under the challenging conditions underground, thus ultimately meeting higher precision requirements.

[0044]

[0040] In one embodiment, the formwork comprises concrete, which can be exposed to temperatures of up to 2000° Celsius without significantly altering the material properties. As the formwork does not reach the magma, the material properties of concrete are sufficient, and the production costs of the deep borehole are advantageously comparatively low.

[0045]

[0041] The formwork is additionally or additionally firmly anchored in the vicinity of the deep borehole. The same or similar locking devices can be used to anchor the formwork as for locking the high-temperature heat conductor in the formwork. Additionally or alternatively, the formwork can be anchored by means of at least one transverse anchor, in particular a plurality of transverse anchors. The locking devices and / or transverse anchors can in particular be distributed along a longitudinal extent of the formwork and / or in particular be arranged in a region of the anchorage close to the ground. Finally, the formwork can be anchored by means of a weight force applied to the anchorage essentially at the earth's surface, in particular a concrete block.Anchoring the formwork ensures an advantageous flow of force from the ejection forces introduced into the formwork by the locking elements from the high-temperature heat conductor into the rock surrounding the deep borehole.

[0046]

[0042] In one embodiment, a core drill can be used additionally or alternatively to deepen the deep borehole. This core drill is inserted into the casing of the deep borehole and is, in particular, hollow and cylindrical. The core drill comprises, in particular, graphite. Cutting tools, which in particular comprise tungsten, are arranged on a lower annular surface of the core drill and by means of which cutting tools the core drill is configured to create a core borehole in rock at temperatures of up to 2000 degrees Celsius by introducing a rotational movement and a feed force in the drilling direction.

[0047]

[0043] The deep borehole is deepened using the core drill, in particular until the distance to the magma chamber is less than 20 m, less than 10 m, in particular less than 3 m. After deepening the deep borehole, the core drill remains in the borehole, and the high-temperature heat conductor is subsequently inserted first into the casing and then into the core drill, with the residual material from the core drilling and the opening of the magma chamber being pushed into the magma chamber using the high-temperature heat conductor.

[0048]

[0044] In this embodiment, the diameter of the high-temperature heat conductor is reduced by the wall thickness of the hollow cylindrical core drill. Using a core drill, a direction of movement of the high-temperature heat conductor is advantageously predefined. Furthermore, the core drilling advantageously requires less force to open the magma chamber through the high-temperature heat conductor.

[0049]

[0045] In order to close the deep borehole immediately, particularly in the event of an emergency, an emergency device can be provided, comprising a ramp with a closure element held on the ramp. The closure element can be a concrete block. The ramp can be guided in a tunnel or shaft, which is arranged in particular at an angle to the deep borehole and borders on it, so that the closure element, after the emergency stop is triggered, pierces a wall of the deep borehole and a wall of the formwork by removing its holder, comes to rest in the deep borehole and closes it in this way. Additionally or alternatively, cross anchors can be present through the shaft to stabilize the area around the deep borehole, which are also destroyed by triggering the closure element before the closure element enters the deep borehole.In this way, the closure element can advantageously be prevented from being pushed back by slipping rock. The closure element and the ramp advantageously ensure that, even in the event of an accident, essentially no plastic rock from the deep borehole reaches the surface.

[0050]

[0046] A "locking device" is understood to mean, in particular, a securing element which is arranged on the high-temperature heat conductor and can, in particular, assume a feed position and a functional position. In the feed position, also called the first position, the locking device is essentially located in a recess of the high-temperature heat conductor, so that the high-temperature heat conductor can advantageously be inserted into the deep bore with as little friction as possible. Whereas, in a functional position, also called the second position, the locking device is essentially immersed in a groove in the casing and / or forms a positive connection with the groove and thus advantageously locks the high-temperature heat conductor in the casing, in particular locks it against movement of the high-temperature heat conductor in an ejection direction which is oriented towards the earth's surface.

[0051]

[0047] In one embodiment, the locking device is designed in particular as a three-sided prism with a first side, a second side, a third side and a height as well as a cover surface bordered by the first side, second side and third side and a base surface spaced at a height h from the cover surface. The height can be 5 cm to 30 cm, in particular 20 cm. The length of the first side can be 5 to 25 cm, in particular 15 cm, the length of the second side 5 cm to 25 cm, in particular 12.5 cm and the third side 4 cm to 20 cm, in particular 8 cm. The dimensioning of the locking device or the plurality of locking devices takes place in particular corresponding to the size of a connected power plant or power plant to be connected, also called a geothermal power plant.

[0052]

[0048] The locking device is arranged on the pipe, in particular by means of a spring element, such that the locking device is spread apart from the pipe with a predefined force. Thus, the spring element is pressurized when the pipe is moved toward the plastic rock and the locking device essentially penetrates the contour of the pipe. When the pipe is moved toward the earth's crust, the spring element essentially relaxes as soon as the locking device penetrates a groove in the casing, thus locking the high-temperature heat conductor relative to the deep borehole.

[0053]

[0049] The high-temperature heat conductor has, in particular, a locking device. Additionally or additionally, a plurality of locking devices, in particular four, can be arranged on the high-temperature heat conductor. The plurality of locking devices can be distributed along a longitudinal extent of the high-temperature heat conductor and / or along a circumference of the high-temperature heat conductor, in particular spaced equidistant from one another. The locking device or the plurality of locking devices are arranged, in particular, in a region near the earth's surface on the high-temperature heat conductor in order to achieve optimized locking of the high-temperature heat conductor.

[0054]

[0050] Further embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

[0051] In a further aspect, the object is achieved by a geothermal power plant according to claim 8.

[0055]

[0052] The geothermal power plant advantageously provides a device for utilizing geothermal energy at a high temperature of up to 2,500 °C, in particular up to 1,500 °C. At a temperature of approximately 1,200 degrees Celsius, the geothermal power plant advantageously operates particularly efficiently.

[0056]

[0053] In a further aspect, the object is achieved by a

[0057] Method according to claim 9 .

[0058]

[0054] Advantageously, the method provides a geothermal power plant which uses a high-temperature heat conductor according to the invention and thus makes heat from a plastic rock usable.

[0059]

[0055] A "fluid transport device" is understood to mean, in particular, a conveying element which realizes a flow of the fluid through the fluid guide. A driven conveyor screw can represent a fluid transport device. The conveyor screw can comprise graphite. At least one conveyor screw can be arranged to realize a fluid flow in the direction of the plastic rock and / or at least one further conveyor screw can be arranged to realize and / or support a fluid flow in the direction of the earth's surface.

[0060]

[0056] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments.

[0061] Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a

[0062] High-temperature heat conductor,

[0063] Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a locking device according to the invention,

[0064] Figure 3 shows a geothermal power plant according to the invention, Figure 4 shows a flow diagram of a geothermal power plant according to the invention

[0065] procedure,

[0066] Figure 5 shows a two-stage prepared deep borehole during the insertion of a

[0067] High-temperature heat conductor,

[0068] Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a

[0069] Geothermal power plant on a mountainside with a closure element as an emergency device, as well as

[0070] Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a

[0071] High-temperature heat conductor with heat conducting plates.

[0072]

[0057] A high-temperature heat conductor 101 according to the invention comprises a tube 103. The first end of the tube 103 is sealed in a fluid-tight manner by a heat input device 105, designed as a heat receiver, which transfers heat from an area adjacent to the heat input device 105 outside into a heat input area 113 inside adjacent to the heat input device 105. The

[0073] Heat input device 105 has a dome-like shape. The high-temperature heat conductor 101 can be connected to an above-ground heat extraction point 111 at the second end of the pipe 103. At least one bulge acts as a friction head 121 and at least one bulge acts as a heat conductor element 123 on the heat input device 105. The pipe 103 has an outer diameter of 3 m. The length of the pipe 103 is 1,000 m and is realized by means of 666 pipe segments, each 150 cm long, which are coupled together by means of metal rings. The coupled pipe segments realize the pipe 103.

[0074]

[0058] The tube 103 has an outer wall 115, on which at least one recess 117 is arranged. A return-prevention element in the form of a locking device 119 is rotatably mounted on a surface of the recess 117 facing the heat-introduction device 105. The return-prevention element, as a locking device 119, has a spring element in the direction of the central axis of the tube 103. The spring element presses the locking device 119 outward in a relaxed state.

[0075]

[0059] Inside the tube 103 of the high-temperature heat conductor 101, at least one fluid guide 107, 109 connected to a lower heat input region 113 is arranged. The lower heat input region 113 is arranged in contact with the heat input device 105 and forms a fluid reservoir. To optimize the heat input into the heat input region 113, in one embodiment, at least one heat-conducting plate 153 is arranged on the inside of the heat input device 105. According to Figure 7, three heat-conducting plates 153 are arranged on the inside of the heat input device 105, each of which is connected to one of the bulges 121, 123 by a heat transfer medium, so that the heat energy from the magma M is optimally transferred through the heat input device 105 into the heat input region 113.In one embodiment, the heat transfer means can at least partially form a holder for a friction head 121 and / or a heat conductor element 123.

[0076]

[0060] The fluid guide 107, 109 comprises at least one inlet of the fluid guide 107, which is configured to transport a fluid from the above-ground heat extraction point 111 to the lower heat input region 113, and at least one return of the fluid guide 109, which is configured to transport a fluid from the lower heat input region 113 to the above-ground heat extraction point 111.

[0077]

[0061] The locking device 119 is a three-sided prism with a first side a, a second side b, a third side c and a height h . The first side a, the second side b and the third side c line a cover surface 131 . At a distance from the cover surface 131 corresponding to the height h, the locking device 119 has a base surface 133 . The first side a and the height h span a first lateral surface 135a . The second side b and the height h span a second lateral surface 135b and the third side c and the height h span a third lateral surface 135c .

[0078]

[0062] The height h is 20 cm, the first side a has a length of 15 cm, the second side b has a length of 12.5 cm and the third side c has a length of 8 cm.

[0079]

[0063] Between the cover surface 131 and the base surface 133, oriented in spatial proximity to the cutting edge between the first lateral surface 135a and the second lateral surface 135b, a through-bore 137 is arranged on the locking device 119. By means of a bolt guided in the through-bore 137, the locking device 119 is rotatably mounted on the surface of the recess 117 facing the heat input device 105 in the outer wall 115 of the tube 103 of the high-temperature heat conductor 101.

[0080]

[0064] In a compressed state of the spring element, the second jacket surface 135b of the locking device 119 bears against a surface of the recess 117 of the high-temperature heat conductor 101 facing the central axis of the tube 103. In this way, a substantially smooth contour of the outer jacket surface of the outer wall 115 of the high-temperature heat conductor 101 is realized, so that the high-temperature heat conductor 101 is advantageously easily movable in a feed direction in a formwork 195, which is designed here as a concrete formwork.

[0081]

[0065] A geothermal power plant 141 has a high-temperature heat exchanger 101, the inlet of the fluid guide 107 and the return of the fluid guide 109 of which are connected to an above-ground heat extraction point 111, as well as a screw conveyor with drive, which realizes the transport of the fluid between the above-ground heat extraction point 111 and the lower heat input area 113.

[0082]

[0066] At least the above-ground heat extraction point 111 of the geothermal power plant 141 is arranged in a head station (not shown). The head station is locked relative to the surrounding soil by at least one backlash prevention element, wherein this backlash prevention element is identical or similar to the locking device 119 of the locking mechanism of the high-temperature heat conductor 101.

[0083]

[0067] In an embodiment according to Figures 3 and 5, a geothermal power plant 141 has a 999 m deep borehole 191, which is arranged substantially vertically between the earth's crust K in the direction of a magma chamber M containing magma 193, but does not touch it. In an alternative embodiment according to Figure 6, the deep borehole 191 has an angle of approximately 30 degrees relative to a vertical orientation.

[0084]

[0068] The deep borehole 191 is created in a first construction step using a standard drilling system. A concrete casing 195 of the same length is inserted into the deep borehole 191 and is firmly connected to the surrounding soil E of the deep borehole 191. The casing 195 has a plurality of grooves 197 corresponding to the locking device 119. The casing 195 is segmented into elements, each 150 cm long, and has an inner diameter of 3.1 m. The lower end of the deep borehole 191 and the casing 195 are located at a first end point 125 at a distance of 1 m from the magma chamber M.

[0085]

[0069] Shortly after the first time, the high-temperature heat conductor 101 is introduced into the deep borehole, in particular into the casing 195. By using the bulges as friction heads 121 on the heat introduction device 105 of the high-temperature heat conductor 101 and by applying a feed force to the high-temperature heat conductor 101 in the direction of the magma chamber M, the deep borehole 191 is extended into the magma chamber M at a second time. In the magma chamber M, magma is present as plastic rock 193.

[0086]

[0070] During the insertion and advancement of the high-temperature heat conductor 101, the spring element of the locking device 19 is in the compressed state and the locking device 119 is in the recess 117. Immediately after the penetration of the magma chamber M at a third time, an ejection force F acting in the direction of the earth's crust K, which is induced by the pressure of the magma as plastic rock 193, occurs at the heat input device 105 of the high-temperature heat conductor 101, which first penetrates the magma chamber M. As a result, the high-temperature heat conductor 101 is moved in the direction of the earth's crust K.At a fourth point in time, the locking device 119 reaches a groove 197 of the casing 195 which is closest to the locking device 119 at the third point in time in the direction of the earth's crust E, and the spring element relaxes, so that the locking device 119 pivots into the groove 197 and assumes a locking position in which the high-temperature heat conductor 101 is locked relative to the casing 195 of the deep bore 191, so that the ejection force F does not result in the high-temperature heat conductor 101 being significantly pushed out of the deep bore 191.

[0087]

[0071] In the locking position, in particular, the third circumferential surface 135c of the locking device 19 rests at least partially against a wall of the groove 197. The ejection force F acting on the heat input device 105 is thus introduced into the casing 195 at least at the locking device 19, so that the high-temperature heat conductor 101 is locked in its position relative to the casing 195 against further movement in the direction of the earth's crust K.

[0072] For use in the geothermal power plant 141, the fluid is conveyed, in particular using the screw conveyors, through the inlet of the fluid guide 107 from the above-ground heat extraction point 111 to the lower heat input region 113 and, in particular also using the screw conveyors, after heating in the lower heat input region 113 by introducing heat from the magma as plastic rock 193 by means of the bulges as heat conducting element 123, is conveyed through the return of the fluid guide 109 to the above-ground heat extraction point 111. At the above-ground heat extraction point 111, the heat is extracted from the fluid using a brine as an energy carrier and fed to turbines, in particular steam turbines, to generate electrical energy. In an alternative embodiment, the heat is used as process heat.In a further embodiment, the heat is used as a secondary energy source and / or for the production of hydrogen.

[0088]

[0073] In an alternative embodiment, the bulge as friction head 121 corresponds to the bulge as heat conductor element 123. In other words, one and the same element is produced to produce the final bore from the first end point 125 of the deep bore 191 to the magma chamber M, and the heat is introduced from the magma as plastic rock 193 into the interior of the high-temperature heat conductor 101. In a method for extracting heat from a deep bore 191, a pot bore is drilled into the ground E in a step 901. A pot bore is, in particular, circular and produced using a conventional drilling system.

[0089]

[0074] In a step 903, the pot borehole is cleared and in this way a deep borehole 191 is created up to a first end point 125. The end point 125 is at a distance of 8 meters from the magma chamber M. A casing 195 is subsequently introduced 904 into the deep borehole 191 and the casing 195 is anchored in a step 905 relative to the surrounding earth E, in particular with anti-backlash elements as locking devices. In an alternative embodiment, the casing 195 is, as shown schematically in Figure 6, additionally or alternatively anchored to the earth E by means of at least one transverse anchor 151. To create the transverse anchor 151, a borehole is drilled in the earth E and concrete and / or a concrete-resin mixture is filled into it and cured therein.

[0090]

[0075] In an alternative embodiment, in an additional step, a core hole can be drilled into the deep bore 191 by means of a cylindrical core drill 143, which has cutting chisels or the like on one end face, to deepen the deep bore 191 to a second end point 145. The second end point 145 is at a distance of 2 meters from the matrices M. The core drill 143 can comprise graphite.

[0091]

[0076] In a step 907, a high-temperature heat conductor 101 is inserted into the casing 195. The deep bore 191 is extended in a step 908 using a plurality of bulges as a friction head 121 of the high-temperature heat conductor 101 until the high-temperature heat conductor 101 enters the magma chamber M. When the high-temperature heat conductor 101 is moved back towards the earth's crust E, a locking device 119 of the high-temperature heat conductor 101 is automatically inserted 909 into a groove in the casing 195 and clamped.

[0092]

[0077] For the above-ground use of heat from the magma present in the magma chamber M as plastic rock 193, a fluid, in particular a tin-glass mixture, is supplied 911 from the above-ground heat extraction point 111, which is designed in particular as a reservoir of the fluid through which brine is guided in a pipe-based manner, by means of an inlet of the fluid guide 107, which has at least one conveyor screw, to a lower heat input region 113 on a heat input device 105 of the high-temperature heat conductor 101 and in a step 913 heat is introduced or transferred from the magma as plastic rock 193 into the fluid via a plurality of bulges as heat conductor element 123 of the high-temperature heat conductor 101.

[0093]

[0078] In an alternative embodiment, as shown schematically in Figure 6, a tunnel is arranged at an angle of 90 degrees to the deep bore 191, in which tunnel a concrete closure element 147 is held as an emergency device by means of a retractable holding means 149. In a substantially vertical deep bore 191, the tunnel, in an alternative embodiment (not shown), has an angle of 45 degrees to the deep bore 191.

[0094]

[0079] The retractable holding means 149 can in particular be pressurized or held by means of hydraulic cylinders, so that a loss of pressure leads to a sinking of the retractable holding means 149 and the closure element made of concrete 147 thus passes the tunnel, pierces the formwork 195 and closes the deep bore 191.

[0095]

[0080] In a further step 915, the fluid is guided from the lower heat input region 113 to the above-ground heat extraction point 111, and in a step 917, heat is extracted from the fluid at the above-ground heat extraction point 111. For this purpose, brine is guided, in particular, in a spiral shape through the reservoir at the above-ground heat extraction point 111, in which the heated fluid is present, so that during the flow through, heat is released into the brine, which stores the introduced energy, in particular as an energy carrier, so that it can be used to generate steam, which drives at least one steam turbine, by means of which electrical energy is ultimately generated. Alternatively, the energy stored in the brine can be used, in particular, to produce hydrogen. The use of brine is advantageously not harmful to the environment, even in the event of an accident.

[0096] Reference symbol list

[0097] 101 High-temperature heat conductors

[0098] 103 pipe

[0099] 105 Heat transfer device

[0100] 107 Inlet of the fluid guide

[0101] 109 Return of the fluid guide

[0102] 111 above-ground heat extraction point

[0103] 113 Heat input area

[0104] 115 exterior wall

[0105] 117 recess

[0106] 119 locking device

[0107] 121 Bulge as friction head

[0108] 123 Bulge as a heat conductor element

[0109] 125 first endpoint

[0110] 131 deck area

[0111] 133 floor space

[0112] 135a first shell surface

[0113] 135b second lateral surface

[0114] 135c third cladding surface

[0115] 137 Through hole

[0116] 141 Geothermal power plant

[0117] 143 core drills

[0118] 145 second endpoint

[0119] 147 Concrete closure element

[0120] 149 retractable holding device

[0121] 151 Cross brace

[0122] 153 Heat conducting plate a first side b second side c third side h height

[0123] E Soil F Ejection force

[0124] K Earth's crust

[0125] M Magma chamber

[0126] 191 deep drilling

[0127] 193 Magma as plastic rock

[0128] 195 Formwork

[0129] 197 Nut

[0130] 901 Drilling a cup hole

[0131] 903 Reaming the pot hole

[0132] 904 Inserting a formwork

[0133] 905 Anchoring the formwork

[0134] 907 Inserting a high-temperature heat conductor

[0135] 908 Extending the deep drilling

[0136] 909 Automatic insertion of a locking device

[0137] 911 Supplying a fluid

[0138] 913 Heat transfer from the magma into the fluid

[0139] 915 Return of the fluid

[0140] 917 Heat extraction from the fluid

Claims

Patent claims:

1. High-temperature heat conductor (101) for above-ground Heat extraction of heat from a plastic rock (193) present at one end of a deep borehole (191), wherein the high-temperature heat conductor (101) comprises a pipe (103) with a heat input device (105) arranged at a first end of the pipe (103) and oriented in the direction of the plastic rock (193), and a fluid guide (107, 109), by means of which a fluid is led from an above-ground heat extraction point (111) arranged at a second end of the pipe (103) to a heat input device (105) arranged at the heat input device (105). Heat input area (113) and from the heat input area (113) to the above-ground heat extraction point (111), characterized in that at least one recess (117) and a first locking device (119) corresponding to the recess (117) and rotatably mounted on the outer wall (115) are arranged on an outer wall (115) of the pipe (103), so that the high-temperature heat conductor (101) can be moved in a feed direction in a casing (195) of the Deep hole is arranged displaceably in that the first locking device (119) is in a first position in the Essentially in the recess (117) and is locked relative to the casing (195) in an ejection direction oriented opposite to the feed direction by clamping the first locking device (119) in a second position in at least one groove (197) of the casing (195).

2. High-temperature heat conductor (101) according to the above Claim, wherein a shape of the first locking device (119) is a three-sided prism with a cover surface (131) stretched by a first side (a), a second side (b) and a third side (c) and a corresponding, at a height (h) from the cover surface (131) spaced base surface (133), wherein the first side (a) and the height (h) span a first lateral surface (135a), the second side (b) and the height (h) span a second lateral surface (135b) and the third side (c) and the height (h) span a third lateral surface (135c) of the three-sided prism and wherein a through-bore (137) is arranged between the cover surface (131) and the base surface (133), by means of which through-bore the first locking device (119) is arranged rotatably on the outer wall (115) of the tube (103), in particular using a bolt.

3. High-temperature heat conductor (101) according to the preceding claim, wherein the first locking device (119) has a first spring element which is arranged in contact between the second lateral surface (135b) of the locking device (119) and the recess (117) and which is tensioned when the high-temperature heat conductor (101) is moved in the feed direction and is substantially relaxed when the first locking device (119) is clamped in the groove (197).

4. High-temperature heat conductor (101) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one second locking device and / or a third locking device, wherein the first locking device (119), the second locking device and / or the third locking device are arranged distributed substantially equidistantly over a circumference of the tube (103) and / or along a length of the tube (103).

5. High-temperature heat conductor (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat input device (105) and / or the tube (103) comprise graphite.

6. High-temperature heat conductor (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat input device (105) is dome-shaped in the direction of the plastic rock (193) oriented, the first end of the High-temperature heat conductor (101) is sealed in a substantially fluid-tight manner and has a plurality of bulges (121, 123) on a surface oriented in the direction of the plastic rock (193), wherein the Bulges (121, 123) have tungsten.

7. High-temperature heat conductor (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tube (103) has at least a first element and a second element, wherein the first element and the second element each have a length of 1 m to 5 m, in particular 1.5 m and / or wherein a diameter of the first element and the second element is 2.5 m to 5 m, in particular 3 m.

8. Geothermal power plant (141) comprising a High-temperature heat conductor (101) according to one of claims 1 - 7.

9. Method for extracting heat from a heat exchanger located at one end of a Deep borehole (191) of plastic rock (193) using a high-temperature heat conductor (101) according to one of claims 1 - 7, comprising the steps: - Inserting (901) a pot bore into a soil (E) up to a first end point (125) of the deep bore (191) , wherein the first end point (125) has a predefined distance from the plastic rock (193) present in a magma chamber (M), - clearing (903) the pot bore and introducing (904) a casing (195) into the cleared pot bore, wherein the casing (195) has at least one groove (197), - Anchoring (905) of the formwork (195) in the soil (E) contacting the deep borehole (191), - introducing (907) the high-temperature heat conductor (101) into the casing (195) and extending (908) the cleared pot bore in the direction of the magma chamber (M) using at least one bulge as a friction head (121), which is arranged on a heat introduction device (105) on the high-temperature heat conductor (101), wherein the heat introduction device (105) seals a first end of a tube (103) of the high-temperature heat conductor (101) in a fluid-tight manner until at least the heat introduction device (105) projects into the magma chamber (M), - Automatic insertion (909) of at least one first, arranged on an outer surface (115) of the tube (103) of the high-temperature heat conductor (101), locking device (119) into the at least one groove (197) of the casing (195) so that the High-temperature heat conductor (101) is locked in a position relative to the casing (195) against a particularly pressure-induced ejection force (F), Supplying (911) a fluid by at least one supply of at least one fluid guide (107) from at least one first reservoir arranged at an above-ground heat extraction point (111) to at least one second reservoir arranged at the heat input device (105) in a heat input region (113), using at least one first fluid transport device, - introducing heat (913) from the plastic rock (193) into the fluid present in the second reservoir using at least one Heat input device (105) arranged bulge as a heat conductor element (123) , so that in the second Reservoir contains a heated fluid, - returning (915) the heated fluid from the second reservoir by at least one return of the fluid guide (109) to the first reservoir using a second fluid transport device, so that the heated fluid is present in the first reservoir and - Extraction (917) of heat from the heated fluid present in the first reservoir.

10. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the at least one bulge as a friction head (121) corresponds to the at least one bulge as a heat conductor element (123).

Images