Vapor chamber and electronic device
The vapor chamber's wick layer, formed by thinning and adding a membrane or foil, addresses interference issues, enhancing capillary pressure and heat transfer efficiency in electronic devices.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/129430
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-02
AI Technical Summary
The installation of a vapor chamber in electronic devices can interfere with neighboring elements due to its design and structure, which affects its functionality and efficiency.
A vapor chamber design that includes a wick layer formed by removing a top part of a porous microstructure sheet through a thinning process, combined with a membrane or foil to create a two-layer overlapping structure, which reduces interference with other components while maintaining effective heat transfer.
The modified wick layer structure enhances capillary pressure and reduces interference with other elements, allowing the vapor chamber to operate effectively at higher capillary pressures and maintain efficient heat transfer in electronic devices.
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Figure CN2024129430_02102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
VAPOR CHAMBER AND ELECTRONIC DEVICETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of heat exchange apparatus, and more specifically, to a vapor chamber and an electronic device.BACKGROUND
[0002] All the electronic devices generate heat and the heat is mainly generated near the chip. In order to avoid overheating of the chip, a cooling system is used to spread the generated heat from the chip to a larger area.
[0003] One kind of component in the cooling system is a vapor chamber (or heat pipe) , which transfers heat by a working medium that evaporates and condenses inside a sealed container. An important component inside the vapor chamber is a wick layer that provides capillary force to drive a liquid working medium from the cooling region to the heating region.
[0004] However, installation of the vapor chamber may interfere with its neighboring elements.SUMMARY
[0005] This present disclosure provides a vapor chamber and an electronic device, interference of the vapor chamber with other elements can be reduced.
[0006] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a vapor chamber, including: a housing, where the housing includes a top cover and a bottom cover, and the top cover and the bottom cover are connected to form a sealed cavity; and a wick layer disposed in the sealed cavity, where the wick layer includes a capillary structure and the capillary structure is formed by removing top part of a first region of a porous microstructure sheet by a thinning process.
[0007] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, at least part of the porous microstructure sheet is removed to form the wick layer, and the thickness may be reduced in the first region. Interference of the vapor chamber with other elements can be reduced.
[0008] In one optional implementation, the wick layer further includes: a membrane disposed at a second region on the capillary structure, where the membrane is permeable to a gas phase working medium along its thickness direction and the second region is the first region or part of the first region.
[0009] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the membrane may be porous or includes cells and the structure of the membrane is different from the underneath layer. As the membrane covers at least part of the thinned region, the membrane may partly prevent the gas phase working medium from entering the underneath thinned microstructure, and the maximum capillary pressure for the overlapped region can be increased compared with only one layer with a same thickness.
[0010] In one optional implementation, the membrane is a metal foil with multiple cells.
[0011] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the cells may be permeable to a gas phase working medium in the thickness direction to still allow evaporation of the liquid phase working medium and the walls forming the cells can partly prevent some gas phase working medium from entering the underneath thinned microstructure.
[0012] In one optional implementation, sizes of the cells in the membrane increase along a direction from a heating region to a cooling region.
[0013] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, gas pressure at the heating region is larger than that at the cooling region, and smaller cells will prevent the gas from entering the underneath thinned microstructure more effectively.
[0014] In one optional implementation, the first region and the second region correspond to a heating region.
[0015] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the wick layer at the heating region employs a two-layer overlapping structure, and other regions may remain a first layer structure. As in the heating region, the vapor pressure is the largest, this configuration will effectively increase the maximum capillary pressure of the vapor chamber.
[0016] In one optional implementation, the first region corresponds to a heating region and an adiabatic region and the second region corresponds to the heating region, and the wick layer further includes a foil disposed at a third region, where the third region is part of the first region and the foil is impermeable to a gas phase working medium along its thickness direction.
[0017] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the wick layer at the heating region employs a two-layer configuration with a membrane and a thinned microstructure overlapped, the wick layer at the adiabatic region employs a two-layer configuration with a foil and a thinned microstructure overlapped and the wick layer at the adiabatic region remains the original porous microstructure. The adiabatic region is a region not need heat transfer, and with the impermeable foil, gas penetration is nearly absolutely prevented. At the heating region and the cooling region, channels for phase transition are still provided with the permeable membrane and original porous microstructure, but the gas penetration is partly prevented at the heating region with the two-layer configuration.
[0018] In one optional implementation, the first region corresponds to whole of the porous microstructure sheet.
[0019] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the whole microstructure sheet is thinned, and the thinned microstructure may be directly used as the wick layer or some regions may be covered by membranes or foils.
[0020] In one optional implementation, the second region corresponds to a heating region.
[0021] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the heating region is covered by the membrane to prevent gas penetration arising from the high vapor pressure at the heating region.
[0022] In one optional implementation, the wick layer further includes a foil disposed at a third region and the third region is part of the first region.
[0023] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, some thinned regions are covered by foils and / or some thinned regions are covered by membranes. The membranes and / or the foils may be in a shape of stripe. The foils do not fully cover the heating region.
[0024] In one optional implementation, the first region corresponds to a region out of a heating region.
[0025] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the region out of a heating region is thinned, allowing less interference with other elements at the region.
[0026] In one optional implementation, a thinned microstructure includes: multiple wires disposed along the bottom cover, where a diameter of each of the multiple wires varies along its axis, and the thinned microstructure is remaining part of the first region of the porous microstructure sheet.
[0027] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the variable diameters of the wires provide a liquid channel for transmission of the liquid phase working medium. Optionally, the wires are disposed along the top cover.
[0028] In one optional implementation, the multiple wires are divided into a first wire group and a second wire group, where wires in the first wire group extend along a first direction and wires in the second wire group extend along a second direction.
[0029] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, different groups of wires may intersect and are bonded to form holes, which may also function as a liquid channel for transmission of the liquid phase working medium.
[0030] In one optional implementation, a first wire in the first wire group is bonded to a second wire in the second wire group in a way that a bonding point corresponds to a first diameter of the first wire and a second diameter of the second wire, where the first diameter is greater than a first threshold and a second diameter is smaller than a second threshold, and the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.
[0031] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the overall flatness of the thinned microstructure is increased by the way of bonding, making it easier for bonding of other layers (membrane or foil) to the thinned microstructure.
[0032] In one optional implementation, a thickness of the membrane is the same as a thickness reduced by the thinning process.
[0033] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the overall thickness of the wick layer is uniform, reducing the transmission of the vapor phase working medium and the liquid phase working medium.
[0034] In one optional implementation, the vapor chamber further includes at least one support pillar, where one end of the support pillar (s) is connected to the top cover and the other end of the support pillar (s) is connected to the wick layer and / or the bottom cover.
[0035] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the support pillar can sustain the sealed cavity in the vapor chamber against the internal and external pressure difference.
[0036] In one optional implementation, the porous microstructure sheet is a sintered wire mesh or metal felt or sintered particles.
[0037] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the sintered wire mesh may be single-layered or multi-layered.
[0038] In one optional implementation, the thinning process includes one or more of: an etching process, a polishing process and a milling process.
[0039] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the removing of the top part of the porous microstructure sheet involves less steps than lithography and is more cost effective.
[0040] According to a second aspect, an embodiment of this application provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes the vapor chamber in the first aspect or any optional implementation of the first aspect.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0041] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a system architecture according to an embodiment of this application.
[0042] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wick layer according to an embodiment of this application.
[0043] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wick layer according to an embodiment of this application.
[0044] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a thinning process according to an embodiment of this application.
[0045] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a thinned microstructure according to an embodiment of this application.
[0046] FIG. 6 (a) -FIG. 6 (c) are schematic diagrams of thinned microstructures according to an embodiment of this application.
[0047] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a membrane according to an embodiment of this application.
[0048] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a first overlapping structure according to an embodiment of this application.
[0049] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a first overlapping structure according to an embodiment of this application.
[0050] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a first overlapping structure according to an embodiment of this application.
[0051] FIG. 11 shows macro level vapor chamber structures according to an embodiment of this application.
[0052] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a CFD simulation result according to an embodiment of this application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0053] The following describes the technical solutions in this application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0054] Terms used in the following embodiments of this application are merely intended to describe specific embodiments, but are not intended to limit this application. Terms “one” , “a” , “the” , “the foregoing” , “this” , and “the one” of singular forms used in this specification and the appended claims of this application are also intended to include plural forms like “one or more” , unless otherwise specified in the context clearly. It should be further understood that, in the following embodiments of this application, “at least one” or “one or more” means one, two, or more. The term “and / or” describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the following three cases: only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists. A and B may be in a singular or plural form. The character “ / ” generally indicates an “or” relationship between the associated objects.
[0055] Reference to “an embodiment” , “some embodiments” , or the like described in this specification indicates that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described with reference to the embodiments. Therefore, in this specification, statements, such as “in an embodiment” , “in some embodiments” , “in some other embodiments” , and “in other embodiments” , that appear at different places do not necessarily mean referring to a same embodiment, instead, but mean “one or more but not all of the embodiments” , unless otherwise specified. The terms “include” , “comprise” , “have” , and their variants all mean “include but are not limited to” , unless otherwise specified.
[0056] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, “multiple” means two or more. Further, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms “upper” , “lower” , “left” , “right” , “inside” and / or “outside” are only used for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, which therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. In addition, the terms “first” , “second” , “third” and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. “Vertical” is not strictly vertical, but within an allowable range of error. “Parallel” is not strictly parallel, but within an allowable range of error.
[0057] The orientation words appearing in the following description are all directions shown in the figures, and do not limit the specific structure of the present application. In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms “installed” , “linked” , and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0058] A vapor chamber may generally be called a temperature equalization plate, a heat superconducting plate, or a heat conducting plate. The vapor chamber provided in the technical solutions of this application can be applied to an electronic device (ED) such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop, and an associated module, structural part and functional part with a cooling function.
[0059] A principle of a vapor chamber (VC) is similar to that of a heat pipe. A liquid phase medium (cooling medium or working medium) in a sealed cavity is heated and transferred into a gas phase medium for heat absorption, and the gas phase medium is condensed back into the liquid phase medium for heat release. Capillary force is important to complete phase transformation cycling of the gas phase medium and the liquid phase medium in a heating region and a cooling region of the VC, so as to implement efficient heat exchange by using latent heat of phase transformation, heat conduction, convection, or the like. The vapor chamber may be considered as a heat pipe with a higher degree of shape freedom. While an irregular-design and large-span instantaneous pipe is applied to one-dimensional cooling, the vapor chamber may be further applied to two-dimensional cooling and three-dimensional cooling.
[0060] FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a vapor chamber according to an embodiment of this application.
[0061] As shown in FIG. 1, the vapor chamber includes a housing 110, a wick layer 120 and a (kind of) working medium (not shown in FIG. 1) .
[0062] The housing 110 includes a top cover 111 and a bottom cover 112. The top cover 111 and the bottom cover 112 are joined to each other at the outer edge portions to form a sealed cavity 130. For example, they can be joined to each other by means of welding, sealing, etc. The top cover 111 includes a groove which may be formed by punching, casting, bending, etching, etc. The groove may become the sealed cavity after the top cover 111 and the bottom cover 112 are joined to each other. In some implementations, the bottom cover 112 may also include another groove matching the groove on the top cover 111 (not shown in FIG. 1) .
[0063] In some embodiments, the vapor chamber may also include a medium filling passageway formed by the top cover 111 and / or the bottom cover 112. The medium filling passageway can be used to exhaust air from the sealed cavity 130 (to create a negative pressure in the sealed cavity 130) and fill the working medium into the sealed cavity 130. The medium passageway can be sealed after filling of the working medium.
[0064] Materials of the top cover 111 and the bottom cover 112 are not limited as long as they have characteristics suitable for use as a vapor chamber in terms of thermal conductivity, strength, flexibility, etc. The materials of the top cover 111 and the bottom cover 112 can be same or different and can be schematically but not limited to copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium, iron or alloy containing any of them as a main component.
[0065] The working medium evaporates at the heating region and condensates at the cooling region to realize the transmission of heat. To ensure smooth operation of the vapor chamber, the working medium needs to have following characteristics: chemical stability and heat stability in the operation temperature range so that it will not interact with the chamber wall and the vapor chamber can have a long life span; low boiling point and low freezing point so that it can evaporate easily and avoid freeze; suitable surface tension and low viscosity so that the working medium can move smoothly., etc. The working medium is selected based on the working temperature range, cooling rate and other cooling demands. Common working medium used in vapor chamber includes water, alcohol, acetone, etc.
[0066] The wick layer 120 is disposed inside the sealed cavity 130. For example, it can be disposed on the bottom cover 112. The wick layer 120 can provide capillary force to drive circulation of the liquid phase working medium. The wick layer 120 functions as a liquid channel for the liquid phase working medium and the remained sealed cavity (the sealed cavity 130 occupied by the wick layer 120) functions as a vapor channel 140 for the gas phase working medium.
[0067] For ease of understanding of the technical solutions provided by this application, working principles of the vapor chamber are described first.
[0068] As shown in FIG. 1, the vapor chamber includes a heating region and a cooling region, where the two regions are determined based on specific requirements of working scenarios. For example, the heating region and the cooling region may correspond to the entire top cover 111 and bottom cover 112 respectively, or may correspond to part of the top cover 111 or the bottom cover 112. The heating region may be a region near the heat source such as chips of a device and the cooling region may be a region near a cooling sink or close to ambience. The cooling region is relatively far away from the heating source.
[0069] When heat is conducted from a heat source in the heating region, the liquid phase working medium at the heating region is evaporated to generate the gas phase working medium and absorbs heat energy for rapid volume expansion. The entire sealed cavity 130 is filled with the gas phase working medium and it enters the cooling region to be condensed. During condensation, the heat accumulated in evaporation is released and the condensed liquid phase working medium moves from the cooling region to the heating region by using the wick layer 120.
[0070] The cooling function of the vapor chamber is mainly implemented through gas-liquid two phase transformation of the working medium. A cooling process of the vapor chamber mainly includes four steps: conduction, evaporation, convection and condensation. The vapor chamber is large in size and flexible in layout and the size and layout of the vapor chamber can be designed based on distribution of the heat source, the number of the heating regions and the cooling regions may also change accordingly. FIG. 1 schematically shows one heating region and one cooling region and this is not limited herein.
[0071] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the vapor chamber also includes at least one support pillar 150. One end of each of the support pillars 150 is connected to the top cover 111 and the other end of each of the support pillars 150 is connected to the wick layer 120 and / or the bottom cover 112.
[0072] In one embodiment, the support pillars are integrally molded with the top cover 111.
[0073] In one embodiment, the other end of each of the support pillars 150 is connected to the bottom cover 112 through openings in the wick layer120 and the support pillars 150 may or may not connect to the wick layer 120. Optionally, the support pillars 150 are connected to the wick layer 120. The support pillars 150 can suppress the deformation of the housing 110 resulting from internal and external pressure difference of the housing 110.
[0074] The size, height, material and cross-section shape of the support pillars can be designed in accordance with different conditions. For example, the cross-section of the pillars may be in a shape of circle or rectangle or other regular or irregular shapes.
[0075] It is obvious that the wick layer 120, which provides capillary force to drive the transmission of the liquid phase working medium, is important to realize the cooling function of the vapor chamber. In the following, the structure of the wick layer 120 will be discussed.
[0076] In this application, the wick layer 120 includes a capillary structure and the capillary structure is formed by removing top part of a first region of a porous microstructure sheet by a thinning process.
[0077] The porous microstructure sheet may be a wire mesh, sintered particles, metal felt, etc.
[0078] The wire mesh can be single-layered or multi-layered. The thickness of single wire mesh may be from 40 to 200 microns (μm) , e.g., 50μm, 70μm, 100μm, 120μm, 150μm, etc. The material of the wire mesh can be metal (copper, aluminum, iron, or any alloy containing any one element thereof) , polymer or fiberglass. Take metal for example, it can be formed by weaving or welding metal wires together at their intersections to form a grid-like structure.
[0079] The sintered particles can be obtained by heating particles of a material (metals, ceramics or polymers) to a high temperature below their melting point, causing them to bond together without fully melting. The density, porosity, strength of the sintered particles can be adjusted by sintering process conditions such as temperature, pressure, parameters of original particles, etc.
[0080] The metal felt can be obtained by cutting of wires, then the wires are mixed together and sintered in the same way as sintered powder.
[0081] In some embodiments, the wick layer 120 also includes a membrane disposed at a second region on the capillary structure, where the membrane is permeable to the gas phase working medium along the membrane’s thickness direction and the second region is the first region or part of the first region.
[0082] For example, the membrane may be a porous structure and the structure of the membrane is different from the underneath layer. In some embodiments, the membrane may further include multiple cells.
[0083] In some embodiments, the first region further includes a third region, where the wick layer 120 includes a foil disposed at the third region, where the foil is impermeable to the gas phase working medium along the foil’s thickness direction.
[0084] In this application, the first region may correspond to the a whole of or part of the porous microstructure sheet, and the second region and / or the third region may be the first region or part of the first region. In some embodiments, the second region and / or the third region does not exist. Based on different configurations of the first region and / or the second region and / or the third region, the wick layer 120 may have different structures.
[0085] For example, the wick layer 120 may include one or more of: a porous microstructure, a thinned microstructure, a first overlapping structure and a second overlapping structure. The porous microstructure is a structure as the porous microstructure sheet without being processed by the thinning process, the thinned microstructure is the bottom part of the porous microstructure, the first overlapping structure is formed by overlapping the membrane on the thinned microstructure and the second overlapping region is formed by overlapping the foil on the thinned microstructure.
[0086] FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are schematic diagrams of a wick layer 120 with a first overlapping structure 121 and a porous microstructure 122.
[0087] As shown in the two diagrams, the first overlapping structure 121 includes a membrane 1211 and a thinned microstructure 1212. The thinned microstructure 1212 and the untreated porous microstructure 122 form the capillary structure. By removing top part of the porous microstructure sheet to obtain the thinned microstructure and disposing the membrane 1211 on the thinned microstructure, the first overlapping structure 121 is obtained with two kinds of layers overlapped. As the thinned microstructure and the membrane have different structure characteristics, it is harder for the gas phase working medium to penetrate into the first overlapping structure 121. Compared with directly using untreated porous microstructure sheet as the wick layer 120, a larger capillary pressure is expected. Therefore, the vapor chamber provided in this application may have better cooling effect.
[0088] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the thinning process to obtain the thinned microstructure 1212 and the first overlapping structure 121 according to an embodiment of this application.
[0089] In S1, the porous microstructure sheet is deposited on the bottom cover 112, for example, by means of sintering.
[0090] In S2, top part of the porous microstructure sheet is at least partly removed by a thinning process to obtain the thinned microstructure.
[0091] The thinning process can be an etching process, a polishing process and a milling process. The thinned microstructure needs to provide a liquid channel for transmission of the liquid phase working medium. Usually, for manufacturing of the liquid channel on a compact / dense sheet / plate, steps such as photoresist layer deposition, UV light exposure, cleaning, etching are needed. However, as the porous microstructure sheet is porous, pores can function as the liquid channel and there is no need to process an extra liquid channel by lithography. Therefore, the removal of top part of the porous microstructure sheet may be realized by the common processing method like etching, polishing or milling, which is cost-effective.
[0092] Also, it is understandable from the manufacturing process of the thinned microstructure that the thinned microstructure has a same pitch (e.g. distance between adjacent pores or wires) as the pitch of the original porous microstructure sheet, and has a same shape as the bottom part of the original porous microstructure sheet.
[0093] In S3, the thinned microstructure is cleaned.
[0094] In this step, the surface of the thinned microstructure is cleaned to remove waste and scrap from the thinning process and to prepare for deposition of other layers such as the membrane or foil.
[0095] In S4, the membrane is deposited on the thinned microstructure to obtain the first overlapping structure.
[0096] The membrane can be deposited by sintering, vacuum evaporation, sputtering, ion plating, etc.
[0097] It is understandable that to obtain the second overlapping structure, a similar process procedure to FIG. 4 may be employed by disposing a foil rather than the membrane on the thinned microstructure in S4.
[0098] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a thinned microstructure 1212 according to an embodiment of this application.
[0099] As shown in FIG. 5, the thinned microstructure 1212 is disposed on the bottom cover 112. The thinned microstructure 1212 includes multiple wires disposed along the bottom cover 112 and each of the wires includes a variable diameter along its axis. For example, wires 1212a~1212f are labeled in FIG. 5. For the wires 1212a, its maximum diameter can be Φ1 and its relatively small diameter can be Φ2 (Φ1>Φ2) . The variable diameter of the wires provides gaps (e.g., gaps between the bottom cover 112 and the wires at their small diameters) to be used as part of the liquid channel for transmission of the liquid phase working medium. That is, the thinned microstructure 1212 has high liquid permeability, similar to permeability of the initial porous microstructure sheet.
[0100] The wires may be divided into two groups with different extension directions. For the wires 1212a~1212f, for example, wires 1212a, 1212b and 1212e belong to a first wire group with a first extension direction D1; and wires 1212c, 1212d, 1212f and 1212g belong to a second wire group with a second extension direction D2. An angle θ between the first extension direction and the second extension direction can range from 0° to 90°. For example, the angle θ can be 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, etc.
[0101] In some embodiments, a first wire in the first wire group is bonded to a second wire in the second wire group in a way that the bonding point of the first wire and the second wire corresponds to a first diameter of the first wire and a second diameter of the second wire, the first diameter is bigger than a first threshold and the second diameter is smaller than a second threshold and the first threshold is greater than or equal to the second threshold. The first diameter may be the largest / greatest diameter or a diameter near the largest / greatest diameter of the wires and the second diameter may be the smallest diameter or a diameter near the smallest diameter of the wires. In other words, for bonding of two wires in the two wire groups, the bonding point corresponds to a large diameter (close to the maximum diameter of the wire) of one wire and a small diameter (close to the minimum of the other wire) at the other wire.
[0102] For example, provided that the maximum diameter of the wires in the thinned microstructure is Φ1.1, the diameter difference (difference between the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter) of the wires is d1.1, the first threshold may be m*Φ1.1 and the second threshold may be Φ1.1-n*d1.1, 0.5<m≤1 and 0.5<m≤1, for example, the m or n could be 0.7, 0.8, 0.9. For another example, the biggest / greatest diameter can be a*Φminimum. and the Φminimum can be a value of or a value near the smallest diameter of the wire, a>1, e.g., a=1.5, 2, 3, etc.
[0103] It is to be noted that the maximum diameter and the diameter difference represent a statistic result on the thinned microstructure under certain manufacturing conditions.
[0104] A bonding point A is marked in FIG. 5 and the bonding point A corresponds to a large diameter of the wire 1212c and a small diameter of the wire 1212b.
[0105] It is to be noted that the bonding points for wires in the first group and wires in the second group and the angle between the first wire group and the second group may be influenced by manufacturing methods of the porous microstructure sheet and may follow statistical laws based on specific conditions and there may be some wires that are bonded at their small diameters or at their large diameters.
[0106] It is also to be noted that we do not exclude the possibility that some wires of one wire group in the thinned microstructure do not have a bonding point with wires in the other wire group.
[0107] The first wire group and the second group also form a periodic hole array and holes may have a shape of quadrangle as shown in dashed boxes B1 and B2 and the holes may also function as part of the liquid channel for the transmission of the liquid phase working medium. The holes in the hole array may have axes along a thickness of the wick layer 120 and the gas phase working medium from evaporation may enter the vapor channel from the holes.
[0108] In FIG. 5, the wires in the thinned microstructure 1212 are spindle-shaped and broadest near the middle and taper toward both ends. In some embodiments, the shape of the wires and bonding method can be different.
[0109] FIG. 6 (a) and FIG. 6 (b) are schematic diagrams of a thinned microstructure where the diameters of the wires change periodically along their axes. FIG. 6 (c) is a schematic diagram of a thinned microstructure where wires are not bonded.
[0110] As shown in FIG. 6 (a) and FIG. 6 (b) , one wire in FIG. 6 (a) and FIG. 6 (b) in fact includes several end-to-end connected short wires in FIG. 5. The gaps between the wires and the bottom cover 112 function as a liquid channel for the working medium.
[0111] As shown in FIG. 6 (c) , the shape of the wires is similar to that in FIG. 5, but the wires do not intersect with each other. In fact, the wires are disposed in an array and can also be divided into two groups according to their extension directions.
[0112] It is to be noted that the thinned microstructure 1212 is not limited to the structures provided in FIG. 5, FIG. 6(a) -FIG. 6 (c) . For example, the diameters of the wires may not vary along their axes, the holes may be hexagonal rather than quadrangle, and wires from the two wire groups may not be straight when bonded to each other, etc.
[0113] The membrane 1211 covering the thinned microstructure can be permeable to the gas phase working medium in the thickness direction.
[0114] The membrane 1211 may be a porous structure or it may be a compact / dense structure but there are cells / holes which connect the liquid channel in the thinned microstructure and the vapor channel above the membrane 1211. For example, the membrane 1211 can be obtained by compressing wire mesh (es) or the membrane 1211 can be metal foils with multiple cells.
[0115] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a membrane 1211 provided by an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 7, and the membrane 1211 includes multiple array-arranged cells 12111. The cells 12111 are roughly in a shape of rounded squares. Axes of the cells 12111 are along the thickness direction.
[0116] The membrane 1211 is overlapped on the thinned microstructure 1212 to form the first overlapping structure 121 to be used as part of the wick layer 120. There are several configurations for the first overlapping structure.
[0117] FIG. 8-FIG. 10 are schematic diagrams of the first overlapping structure 121 with the thinned microstructure 1212 as FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 and the membrane 1211 as FIG. 7.
[0118] In FIG. 8, the holes in the thinned microstructure 1212 and the cells 12111 in the membrane 1211 roughly have a similar shape (rounded square) and the cells are right above the holes and they may be arranged in a similar direction. In other words, the holes and the cells may have same axes.
[0119] As aforementioned, the gaps between the bottom cover 112 and the wires can function as liquid channels for transmission of the liquid phase working medium. When the thinned microstructure 1212 is not overlapped by the membrane 1211, at high capillary pressure, the gas phase working medium may easily enter into the gaps, which may block the liquid channel partly. Therefore, it is possible that the vapor chamber cannot work at high capillary pressure.
[0120] When the first overlapping region is formed, the membrane 1211 at least partly covers the thinned microstructure 1212, making it harder for the gas phase working medium to enter the gaps. Simultaneously, the cells in the membrane 1211 do not influence the evaporation of the liquid phase working medium. It is obvious that the first overlapping structure 121 allows the vapor chamber to work at a higher capillary pressure, when the liquid phase working medium still remains and continuous liquid flow can take place.
[0121] In FIG. 9, the cells 12111 are arranged above the wires of the thinned microstructure 1212.
[0122] In FIG. 10, there is an angle between the membrane 1211 and the thinned microstructure 1212. In other words, the wires in the thinned microstructure 1212 and the wires in the membrane 1211 have an angle. The angle is labeled as “β” in FIG. 10.
[0123] In the three arrangements of the first overlapping structure, the structure in FIG. 8 may correspond to a lowest maximum capillary pressure as the gas phase working medium is easier to penetrate into the thinned microstructure 1212. Maximum capillary pressure corresponding to FIG. 9 may be greater / bigger than that corresponds to FIG. 10.
[0124] In some embodiments, a thickness of the membrane 1211 can be the same as (or similar to) the thickness removed by the thinning process. In this way, the first overlapping structure 121 has roughly a uniform thickness and the thickness can be the same as the original porous microstructure sheet. If the original microstructure sheet has a thickness of a single-layered wire mesh, the wick layer 120 also has a thickness of a single-layered mesh. As aforementioned, the thickness of a single-layered wire mesh is 40~200μm, thickness of the wick layer 120 could also be 40~200μm. As the first overlapping structure 121 makes it possible for achieving a higher capillary pressure, a vapor chamber with higher capillary pressure and smaller thickness is expected, reducing interference with other components while the vapor chamber is used in an electronic device.
[0125] From FIG. 7 to FIG. 10, the cells 12111 in the membrane 1211 are in a shape of rounded square, and in some embodiments, the shape of the cells 12111 can be changed to circle, triangle, hexagon among other regular or irregular shapes.
[0126] In some embodiments, the cells 12111 in the membrane 1211 can be different in shape or size depending on their position. For example, the sizes of cells 12111 for the membrane 1211 can decrease from the cooling region to the heating region. As aforementioned in the previous description, the cells 12111 can provide openings for the gas phase working medium to enter the liquid channel provided by the thinned microstructure 1212. The vapor pressure at the heating region is higher than the lower region, making it easier for the gas phase working medium to enter the thinned microstructure 1212 at the heating region. Smaller cell sizes at the heating region block the gas phase working medium more effectively, at least partly counteracting the effect of the high vapor pressure at the heating region.
[0127] Except the sizes of cells can be designed according to the position, the density of the cells can also be designed according to the position. For example, a larger density of cells in the cooling region than the heating region can be designed. In some embodiments, cells may only exist at the heat transfer region (the cooling region and the heating region) .
[0128] It is to be noted that the cells 12111 can be randomly dispersed on the membrane 1211 rather than array-arranged.
[0129] It is also to be noted that the membrane 1211 can be manufactured using materials like metal, polymer, ceramic, etc.
[0130] In cases where the membrane 1211 employs a porous structure, the pore sizes of the membrane 1211 may be different from pores at the top part of the porous microstructure sheet. For example, if the membrane 1211 is compressed wire mesh and the porous microstructure sheet is a (sintered) wire mesh, the mesh number for the membrane can be different from that of the porous microstructure sheet. The holes formed by the wires of the compressed wire mesh in the membrane 1211 may be configured as the cells 12111 as aforementioned.
[0131] From FIG. 2 to FIG. 10, the microstructure of the wick layer 120 has been discussed.
[0132] It is to be noted that although the wick layer 120 deposited (formed) on or connected to the bottom cover 112 is shown in the previous description, it is possible that the wick layer 120 is formed on or connected to the top cover 111. Optionally, there can be two wick layers and one wick layer is formed on the top cover and the other wick layer is formed on the bottom cover.
[0133] It is also to be noted that although the porous microstructure sheet including a single-layered wire mesh is mainly discussed, it is possible that the porous microstructure includes multiple-layered wire mesh, and the thinning process may involve removing the top part of the top wire mesh to obtain the thinned microstructure.
[0134] FIG. 11 shows macro level vapor chamber structures according to an embodiment of this application.
[0135] As shown in FIG. 11, the vapor chamber may be applied to an electronic device (ED) and the heating source in the electronic device may be the central processing unit (CPU) or graphics processing unit (GPU) of the ED. Based on the position of the heating source, the vapor chamber may include a heating region and a region outside the heating region (e.g. include the cooling region) . At the heating region, the liquid phase working medium absorbs heat and evaporates into gas phase. At the region outside the heating region, the gas phase working medium releases heat and is liquefied into the liquid phase working medium. Sometimes there may be an adiabatic region without heating transfer between the heating region and the cooling region.
[0136] In FIG. 11 (a) , the wick layer 120 includes a thinned microstructure, which is obtained by the thinning process, that is, removing top part of the whole porous microstructure sheet at all the regions. The overall thickness of the vapor chamber compared to directly using a porous microstructure sheet as the wick layer 120 is reduced, e.g., by 20μm (if the thickness reduced by the thinning process is 20μm) . In case where the porous microstructure sheet is a single-layered wire mesh, the wick layer 120 in FIG. 11 (a) could be 10~150μm. Interference of the vapor chamber with other elements in the ED can be reduced.
[0137] From FIG. 11 (b) to (d) , different configurations are applied on the heating region and areas outside the heating region of the wick layer 120.
[0138] In FIG. 11 (b) , compared with design of FIG. 11 (a) , a porous microstructure is used in the heating region. In other words, the thinning process is not applied to the original porous microstructure sheet in the heating region. It is obvious that the capability for transmission of the liquid phase working medium is increased with an increase of the wick layer 120 in the heating region. The maximum heat flux (Qmax) can be slightly increased compared to the vapor chamber with the configuration as FIG. 10 (a) .
[0139] In FIG. 11 (c) , compared to the configuration in FIG. 11 (a) and FIG. 11 (b) , the first overlapping structure is used in the heating region. In the heating region, the wick layer 120 includes overlapped thinned microstructure and membrane. As the membrane partly prevents the gas phase working medium from getting into the thinned microstructure, a higher capillary pressure and higher working medium transmission capability are expected compared to configurations in FIG. 11 (a) and FIG. 11 (b) .
[0140] In FIG. 11 (d) , the porous microstructure without being processed by the thinning process is used in the areas outside the heating region. As the cross-section area increases for the transmission of the liquid phase working medium, a higher cooling effect compared to the configuration in FIG. 11 (c) can be realized.
[0141] In FIG. 11 (e) , the vapor chamber is divided into a heating region, a cooling region and an adiabatic region. For the heating region, the first overlapping structure is used, for the cooling region, the porous microstructure is used and for the adiabatic region, the second overlapping structure with a foil overlapping the thinned microstructure is used. The foil is impermeable to the gas phase working medium in the thickness direction, preventing any vapor from getting into the underneath thinned microstructure. Therefore, a higher capillary pressure and Qmax are obtained compared to the configuration in FIG, 11 (d) .
[0142] In FIG. 11 (f) , membranes or foils are in a shape of strip covering the thinned microstructure. The thickness is reduced compared to using untreated porous microstructure sheet as a wick layer 120.
[0143] It is to be noted that in FIG. 11, only one heating source is displayed in the ED, but it is not limited herein. For example, there may be more than one heating source in the ED, then there may be more than one heating region, cooling region or adiabatic region in the vapor chamber, and corresponding regions can also be configured as shown in FIG. 11.
[0144] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation result on two-phase liquid phase permeability (LP) and vapor fraction (VOFv) of original porous microstructure (denoted as “one layer” in FIG. 12) and the first overlapping structure (denoted as “two layers” or “double layer” in FIG. 12) according to an embodiment of this application. The membrane is obtained by compressing a wire mesh. The original porous microstructure sheet is a sintered mesh wire and is 60μm in thickness. The mesh number is #250 for the original mesh wire and the membrane.
[0145] It is clear that when the capillary pressure is higher than 2.5 kPa, the permeability of the first overlapping structure is larger. And at a high capillary pressure, the vapor fraction for the first overlapping structure at remain relatively lower (e.g., lower than 0.4) compared with that for the porous microstructure. Therefore, it is beneficial to use such structure at the areas of VC when capillary pressure is larger than 2.5 kPa. This overlapping structure is useful to function below a capillary pressure of 7.8 kPa.
[0146] In one embodiment of this application, an electronic device is provided, where the electronic device includes the vapor chamber as aforementioned.
[0147] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing system, apparatus, and unit, reference is made to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
[0148] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of this application, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1.A vapor chamber, comprising:a housing, wherein the housing comprises a top cover and a bottom cover, and the top cover and the bottom cover are connected to form a sealed cavity; anda wick layer disposed in the sealed cavity, wherein the wick layer comprises a capillary structure and the capillary structure is formed by removing top part of a first region of a porous microstructure sheet by a thinning process.2.The vapor chamber according to claim 1, wherein the wick layer further comprises:a membrane disposed at a second region on the capillary structure, wherein the membrane is permeable to a gas phase working medium along its thickness direction and the second region is the first region or part of the first region.3.The vapor chamber according to claim 2, wherein the membrane is a metal foil with multiple cells.4.The vapor chamber according to claim 3, where sizes of the cells in the membrane increase along a direction from a heating region to a cooling region.5.The vapor chamber according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the first region and the second region correspond to a heating region.6.The vapor chamber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first region corresponds to a heating region and an adiabatic region and the second region corresponds to the heating region, and the wick layer further comprises a foil disposed at a third region, wherein the third region is part of the first region and the foil is impermeable to a gas phase working medium along its thickness direction.7.The vapor chamber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein first region corresponds to a whole of the porous microstructure sheet.8.The vapor chamber according to claim 7, wherein the second region corresponds to a heating region.9.The vapor chamber according to claim 7, wherein the wick layer further comprises a foil disposed at a third region and the third region is part of the first region.10.The vapor chamber according to claim 1, wherein the first region corresponds to a region out of a heating region.11.The vapor chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a thinned microstructure comprises: multiple wires disposed along the bottom cover, wherein a diameter of each of the multiple wires varies along its axis, and the thinned microstructure is remaining part of the first region of the porous microstructure sheet.12.The vapor chamber according to claim 11, wherein the multiple wires are divided into a first wire group and a second wire group, wherein wires in the first wire group extend along a first direction and wires in the second wire group extend along a second direction.13.The vapor chamber according to claim 12, wherein a first wire in the first wire group is bonded to a second wire in the second wire group in a way that a bonding point corresponds to a first diameter of the first wire and a second diameter of the second wire, wherein the first diameter is greater than a first threshold and a second diameter is smaller than a second threshold, and the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.14.The vapor chamber according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a thickness of the membrane is the same as a thickness reduced by the thinning process.15.The vapor chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the porous microstructure sheet is a sintered wire mesh or metal felt or sintered particles.16.The vapor chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the thinning process comprises one or more of: an etching process, a polishing process and a milling process.17.An electronic device, wherein the electronic device comprises the vapor chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 16.
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