Compounds, preparation methods and uses thereof
Novel compounds targeting PI3K-alpha inhibit its activity, addressing the lack of effective treatments for PI3K-associated diseases by providing therapeutic options for cancers and overgrowth syndromes through diverse administration methods.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085635
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-01-15
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-02
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for diseases associated with PI3K signaling, particularly cancers, lack effective inhibitors for PI3K-alpha and its activating mutants, leading to unaddressed increased cell growth and tumorigenesis.
Development of novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that inhibit PI3K-alpha and its activating mutants, which can be administered via various routes to treat diseases such as cancer, including endometrial, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, head-and-neck, liver, lung, and prostate cancers, as well as CLOVES and PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndromes.
The compounds effectively inhibit PI3K-alpha, providing therapeutic benefits for a range of cancers and overgrowth syndromes, offering treatment options through monotherapy or combination therapies with other agents.
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Figure CN2025085635_02102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMPOUNDS, PREPARATION METHODS AND USES THEREOF CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] [Corrected under Rule 26, 16.04.2025]CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION[0001.1][Corrected under Rule 26, 16.04.2025]This application claims priority to International Application Nos. PCT / CN2024 / 084450, filed on March 28, 2024; PCT / CN2024 / 105918, filed on July 17, 2024; PCT / CN2024 / 121893, filed on September 27, 2024; PCT / CN2024 / 135254, filed on November 28, 2024; and PCT / CN2025 / 072498, filed on January 15, 2025, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.BACKGROUNDField of the Invention
[0002] In various embodiments, the present disclosure generally relates to novel compounds, compositions comprising the same, methods of preparing and methods of using the same, e.g., for inhibiting PI3Ks and / or for treating a number of diseases or disorders, such as cancer.Background
[0003] The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are members of intracellular lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3'-OH group on phosphatidylinositols or phosphoinositides. The PI3K family comprises more than a dozen kinases with distinct substrate specificities, expression patterns, and modes of regulation. PI3K-alpha (PI3Ka) is a heterodimeric protein complex composed of the catalytic subunit p110α (coded by the PIK3CA gene) and the regulatory subunit p85α (coded by the PIK3R1 gene) (Vasan N. et al. Annals of Oncology, 30 (10) : x3-x11 (2019) . p110α binds to p85α and catalyzes the phosphorylation of the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate (PIP3) .
[0004] PI3Ks signaling pathway has been associated with a number of diseases, in particular cancers. Genetic alterations in genes in PI3K signaling are believed to be involved in a range of diseases, including in cancers such as breast, endometrial, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, head-and-neck, liver, lung, and prostate cancers. A number of cancer-associated PIK3CA mutations have been identified. These mutations can lead to activation of the PI3K pathway resulting in increased cell growth and tumorigenesis.BRIEF SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure is based in part on Applicant's discovery of compounds that can act as inhibitors of PI3K, in particular, inhibitors of PI3K-alpha ( "PI3Ka" ) and its activating mutants. In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing and using the same. The compounds and compositions herein are useful for treating various diseases or disorders, such as a cancer described herein.
[0006] In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein the variables are defined herein. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I can have a subformula of I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g, as defined herein. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from those as shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0007] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical composition described herein can be formulated for various routes of administration, such as oral administration, parenteral administration, or inhalation etc.
[0008] Certain embodiments are directed to a method of treating a disease or disorder associated with the activity of PI3K. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. Diseases or disorders associated with PI3K suitable to be treated with the method include any of the cancers described herein. In some embodiments, diseases or disorders associated with PI3K suitable to be treated with the method include CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) or PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) .
[0009] In some embodiments, a method of treating cancer is provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. In embodiments, the cancer can be endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, or prostate cancer.
[0010] The administering in the methods herein is not limited to any particular route of administration. For example, in some embodiments, the administering can be orally, nasally, transdermally, pulmonary, inhalationally, buccally, sublingually, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, rectally, intrapleurally, intrathecally, or parenterally.
[0011] The compounds of the present disclosure can be used as a monotherapy or in a combination therapy. In some embodiments, the combination therapy includes treating the subject with a targeted therapeutic agent, chemotherapeutic agent, therapeutic antibody, radiation, cell therapy, and / or immunotherapy.
[0012] It is to be understood that both the foregoing summary and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not restrictive of the invention herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0013] Figure 1 shows the changes of tumor volume over time in CAL-33 xenograft model for mice treated with vehicle, STX-478 (i.e., Compound 80 in Example 60 of WO2022 / 265993) at 100 mpk and Compound 8 according to the present invention at 30 and 100 mpk, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] In a broad aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds and compositions that are useful for inhibiting PI3Ks, such as PI3Ka, and / or treating or preventing various diseases or disorders described herein, e.g., cancer.Compounds
[0015] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein:X is N or CRa, wherein Ra is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;R1 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;R2 is an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heterocyclyl, or an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl;R3 is H or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl;R4 is null, H or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl;Y is N, C, or CRb, wherein Rb is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;Ring A is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring; preferably, an optionally substituted 6-7 membered heterocyclic ring or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring; andRing B is an optionally substituted 5-7 membered ring; preferably, an optionally substituted phenyl ring, an optionally substituted 6-7 membered heterocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring.To be clear, when R4 is null, it is to be understood that N-R4 is N with a lone pair, for example, when the nitrogen atom forms a double bond with another ring atom of Ring A.
[0016] It should be apparent to those of ordinarily skilled in the art that in certain cases, the compound of Formula I may exist as a mixture of tautomers. The present disclosure is not limited to any specific tautomer. Rather, the present disclosure encompasses any and all of such tautomers whether or not explicitly drawn or referred to.
[0017] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I (including any of the applicable sub-formulae as described herein) can exist as an isotopically labeled compound, particularly, a deuterated analog, wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms of the compound of Formula I is / are substituted with a deuterium atom with an abundance above its natural abundance, e.g., a CD3 analog when the compound has a CH3 group. Without wishing to be bound by theories, it is believed that in some cases, a deuterated analog can have a better or more desired pharmacokinetic profile when compared to their non-deuterated counterpart.
[0018] In some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a prodrug of the compound of Formula I (e.g., any of the subformulae herein) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. As understood in the art, a prodrug of an active ingredient generally refers to a compound that can be converted into the active ingredient upon administration to a subject, such as a mammal, preferably, a human. A prodrug is typically stable such that it can be prepared and / or formulated prior to administration to a subject. In some embodiments, the prodrug is an ester prodrug, such as those derived from an OH group of the compound of Formula I and a carboxylic acid having 1-20 carbons, wherein one or more carbons can have optional substituents, such as OH, NH2, monoalkyl amine, dialkyl amine, etc. In some embodiments, the prodrug is an amino ester prodrug, e.g., a prodrug derived from an OH group of the compound of Formula I and an amino acid, such as a natural amino acid (e.g., a proteinogenic amino acid) or a non-natural amino acid, or a peptide such as dipeptide, tripeptide, or tetrapeptide. In some embodiments, the prodrug is amide or carbamate prodrug, e.g., a prodrug derived from an NH or NH2 group of the compound of Formula I and a carboxylic acid having 1-20 carbons, wherein one or more carbons can have optional substituents, such as OH, NH2, monoalkyl amine, dialkyl amine, heterocycle, or heteroaryl, etc., or the NH or NH2 group may form a carbamate with an alcohol having 1-20 carbons, wherein one or more carbons can have optional substituents, such as OH, NH2, monoalkyl amine, dialkyl amine, heterocycle, or heteroaryl, etc. Other types of prodrugs are also suitable.
[0019] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I can be characterized by having Formula I-a: wherein X, R1, and R2 are defined herein; and whereinZ1 is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -CR11R11’ -, Z2 is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -CR12R12’ -, Z3 is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -CR13R13’ -, and Z4 is =CR14-, -CR14R14’ -, =N-, or -NR15-, wherein R11, R11’ , R12, R12’ , R13, R13’ , R14, and R14’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; and R15 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl.
[0020] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-a can be characterized by having Formula I-a-1 or I-a-2: wherein X, R1, R2, Z1, Z2, and Z3 are defined herein; and whereinin Formula I-a-1, Z4 is -CR14R14’ -or -NR15-, and in Formula I-a-2, Z4 is =CR14-or =N-, wherein R14, R14’ , and R15 are defined in Formula I-a.
[0021] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-a can be characterized by having Formula I-a-1-A or I-a-2-A: wherein Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 are defined herein.
[0022] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I can be characterized by having Formula I-b or I-c: wherein X, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are defined herein; and whereinR21, R21’ , R22 and R22’are each independently hydrogen, halogen, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; orR21 and R21’ , or R22 and R22’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;Z5 is N or CR23, wherein R23 is hydrogen, halogen, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl;R24 is O-R24a or NR24bR24c, wherein R24a, R24b, and R24c are each independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;R25, R25’ , R26 and R26’are each independently hydrogen, halogen, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; or R25 and R25’ , or R26 and R26’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;R27, R27’ , R28 and R28’are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; orR27 and R27’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring; orR28 is H or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, and R28’ is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, or -O- (an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl) ; orR28 and R28’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring; orR27’a nd R28’ , together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;R29 is O-R29a or NR29bR29c, wherein R29a, R29b, and R29c are each independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; orR29 is an optionally substituted heterocyclyl; andR29’ is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl.
[0023] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-b can be characterized by having Formula I-b-1 or I-b-2: wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R21, R21’ , R22, R22’ R23, and R24b are defined herein.
[0024] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-b can be characterized by having Formula I-b-1-A or I-b-2-A: wherein R21, R21’ , R22, R22’ R23, and R24b are defined herein.
[0025] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-c can be characterized by having Formula I-c-1 or I-c-2: wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R25, R25’ , R26, R26’ , R27, R27’ , R28, R28’ , R29’ , and R29b are defined herein.
[0026] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-c can be characterized by having Formula I-c-1-A or I-c-2-A: wherein R25, R25’ , R26, R26’ , R27, R27’ , R28, R28’ , R29’ , and R29b are defined herein.
[0027] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I can be characterized by having Formula I-d: wherein X, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are defined herein; and whereinR31, R31’ , R32 and R32’are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; orR31 and R31’ , or R32 and R32’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;R33 and R34 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl;R35 is O-R35a or NR35bR35c, wherein R35a, R35b, and R35c are each independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl.
[0028] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-d can be characterized by having Formula I-d-1: wherein X, R1, R2, R32, R32’ , R33, and R34 are defined herein.
[0029] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-d can be characterized by having Formula I-d-1-A: wherein R32, R32’ , R33, and R34 are defined herein.
[0030] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I can be characterized by having Formula I-e, I-f, or I-g: wherein X, Z5, Rb, R1, R2, R3, R4, R21, R21’ , R24, R25, R25’ , R26, R26’ , R27, R27’ , R28, R28’ , R29, and R29’are defined herein; and whereinZ6 is CR22R22’ , NR22” , or O, wherein R22 and R22’are defined herein, and R22” is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;R41 is hydrogen, halogen, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl;Z7 is CR26R26’ , NR26” , or O, wherein R26 and R26’are defined herein, and R26” is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;Z8 is CR27R27’ , NR27” , or O, wherein R27 and R27’are defined herein, and R27” is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl (such as C (O) -CH3) , an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; andR29” is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, or an optionally substituted heterocyclyl.
[0031] In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, X is N. In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, X is CRa, and Ra is H, F, Cl, CN, CH3, CHF2, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2, OCF3, CH2CH3, OCH2CH3, CH (CH3) 2, or cyclopropyl. Typically, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, X is CH.
[0032] In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R1 is C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with F, C2-4 alkynyl optionally substituted with F, or C3-5 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with methyl and / or F; preferably, R1 is CF3, acetenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, or t-butyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R1 is CF3, isopropyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R1 is CF3.
[0033] In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl, preferably an optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl containing one or two ring oxygen and / or nitrogen atoms. In some preferred embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is selected from: wherein RA, RB, RC, RD, and RE are each independently hydrogen, F, Cl, CN, C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl) , hydroxyl substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, etc. ) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, etc. ) , OH, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, azetidinyl, C1-4 alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, etc. ) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkoxy (e.g., CF3O-, CF3CH2O-, etc. ) , C1-4 alkylthio (e.g., CH3S-) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkylthio (e.g., CF3S-) , cyclopropoxy, or cyclobutoxy; preferably, H, F, Cl, OH, CN, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. In some preferred embodiments, R2 is selected from: wherein RA is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl) , hydroxyl substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, etc. ) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, etc. ) , cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or azetidinyl; preferably, H, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl;RB, RC, RD, and RE are each independently hydrogen, F, Cl, CN, C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl) , hydroxyl substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, etc. ) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, etc. ) , OH, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, azetidinyl, C1-4 alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, etc. ) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkoxy (e.g., CF3O-, CF3CH2O-, etc. ) , C1-4 alkylthio (e.g., CH3S-) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkylthio (e.g., CF3S-) , cyclopropoxy, or cyclobutoxy; preferably, H, F, Cl, OH, CN, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. To be clear, as used herein, a hydroxyl substituted C1-4 alkyl (or another group) refers to a C1-4 alkyl (or another group) substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups, although typically substituted with one hydroxyl group.
[0034] In some preferred embodiments, RA is methyl, or RA is ethyl. In some preferred embodiments, RB is H. In some preferred embodiments, RC is F, or RC is Cl. In some preferred embodiments, RD is H. In some preferred embodiments, RE is H, F, Cl, CN, methyl, or cyclopropyl.
[0035] In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is wherein RA is CN, halogen (such as F or Cl) , C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl or ethyl) , O-C1-3 alkyl (such as -OCH3) , or C2-4 alkynyl (such as ) , RC is halogen (such as F or Cl) or C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl) , and RE is H, halogen (such as F, Cl, or Br) , CN, C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl or ethyl) , C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl (such as ) , O-C1-3 alkyl (such as -OCH3) , or C3-4 cycloalkyl (such as cyclopropyl) . In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is wherein RA is halogen (such as F or Cl) or C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl) , RC is halogen (such as F or Cl) or C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl) , and RE is H, halogen (such as F, Cl, or Br) , CN, C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) , C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl (such as cyclopropyl) . In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is wherein RA is C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl) , RC is halogen (such as F or Cl) or C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl) , and RE is H, halogen (such as F, Cl, or Br) , CN, C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) , C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl (such as cyclopropyl) . In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is wherein RA is C1-3 alkyl, RC is halogen, and RE is H, halogen, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is wherein RE is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, methyl, or cyclopropyl.
[0036] In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein the heteroaryl contains one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, and is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, OH, NH2, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl (e.g., O- (C1-4 alkyl) ) , C2-4 alkynyl, and C3-4 cycloalkyl, wherein the C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkynyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with F and / or OH. In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein the heteroaryl contains one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, e.g., benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, or pyrazolopyridinyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, OH, NH2, CN, CH3, CH2CH3, OCH3, OCH2CH3, CH (CH3) 2, acetenyl, and cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is selected from: In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is selected from: In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R2 is
[0037] In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, the carbon connecting R1 and R2 in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, the carbon connecting R1 and R2 in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in With respect to the chiral carbon, the compound has an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50% (e.g., 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, 99%ee or more) .
[0038] In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R3 is H.
[0039] In some embodiments, in Formula I or any subformula thereof, R4 is H.
[0040] In some embodiments, in Formula I, Ring A is a 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing one or two ring nitrogen atoms (wherein the nitrogen attached to R4 is counted as one ring nitrogen atom) , where the heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with one or more substitutents each independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl (such as CH3) , fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl (such as CH2F) , C1-4 heteroalkyl (such as CH2OH or CH2OCH3) , C3-4 cycloalkyl, OH, O-C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 haloalkyl, NH2, NH-C1-4 alkyl, N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-4 alkyl) , C3-4 cycloalkyl, and 4-5 membered heterocyclyl (such as ) , or two substituents of one carbon on the heterocyclic ring, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring (such as ) , wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen, and / or C1-4 alkyl. To be clear, as used herein, in the expression "N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-4 alkyl) " , the two C1-4 alkyl groups can be the same or different. Other similar expressions should be understood similarly.
[0041] In some embodiments, in Formula I, Ring B has a hydrogen bond donor which is a ring NH or a substituent (e.g., OH, NH2, or NHR) of the ring; preferably, the hydrogen bond donor is a substituent (e.g., OH, NH2, or NHR) of the carbon atom separated from Y by two ring C atoms of Ring B. In some embodiments, in Formula I, Y is C and Ring B is a phenyl ring which is optionally substituted with halogen, CN, C1-4 alkyl, OH, O-C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkylene-OH, NH2, NH-C1-4 alkyl and / or N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-4 alkyl) , wherein each of the C1-4 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents each independently selected from F and OH; preferably, the phenyl ring is substituted with a NH2 group and optionally further substituted with one or more of the foregoing independently selected substituents. In some embodiments, in Formula I, Ring B is a 6-7 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or two ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, where the heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with one or more substitutents each independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, oxo, OH, O-C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkylene-OH (such as CH2OH) , NH2, NH-C1-4 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-4 alkyl) . In some embodiments, in Formula I, Ring B is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or two ring nitrogen atoms, where the heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted with one, two or three substitutents each independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, oxo, OH, O-C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkylene-OH (such as CH2OH) , NH2, NH-C1-4 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-4 alkyl) . In some embodiments, in Formula I, Ring A and Ring B together represents a fused 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring, which is optionally substituted.
[0042] In some embodiments, in Formula I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, or I-a-2-A, Z1 is -C (O) -or -CR11R11’ -, Z2 is -C (O) -or -CR12R12’ -, Z3 is -C (O) -or -CR13R13’ -, and Z4 is =CR14-, -CR14R14’ -, or =N-, wherein R11, R11’ , R12, R12’ , R13, R13’ , R14 and R14’are defined herein. In some embodiments, in Formula I-a, I-a-2, or I-a-2-A, Z1 is -CR11R11’ -, Z2 is -CR12R12’ -, Z3 is -C (O) -, and Z4 is =CR14-, wherein R11, R11’ , R12, R12’a nd R14 are defined herein. In some embodiments, in Formula I-a, I-a-1, or I-a-1-A, Z1 is -CR11R11’ -, Z2 is -C (O) -, Z3 is -CR13R13’ -, and Z4 is -CR14R14’ -, wherein R11, R11’ , R13, R13’ , R14 and R14’are defined herein.
[0043] In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R21 and R21’ are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl (such as CH3) , fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R21 and R21’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen and / or C1-4 alkyl.
[0044] In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R21 and R21’ are both H. In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R21 is H, and R21’ is methyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R21 and R21’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -. In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R21 and R21’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form
[0045] In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, when R21 and R21’are different, the carbon connecting R21 and R21’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, when R21 and R21’are different, the carbon connecting R21 and R21’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in With respect to the chiral carbon, the compound has an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50% (e.g., 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, 99%ee or more) .
[0046] In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R22 and R22’ are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R22 and R22’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring (such as ) , wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen and / or C1-4 alkyl.
[0047] In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R22 and R22’ are both H. In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R22 and R22’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form In some embodiments, in Formula I-b, I-e, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R22 and R22’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form
[0048] In some embodiments, in Formula I-b or I-e, Z5 is N. In some embodiments, in Formula I-b or I-e, Z5 is CR23, wherein R23 is hydrogen, halogen (such as F) , CN, C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) , fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I-b or I-e, Z5 is CR23, wherein R23 is hydrogen, F, CN, or methyl.
[0049] In some embodiments, in Formula I-b or I-e, R24 is NHR24b, wherein R24b is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) ; preferably, R24b is hydrogen. In some embodiments, in Formula I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R24b is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) ; preferably, R24b is hydrogen.
[0050] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 and R25’are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl (such as CH3) , fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl (such as CH2F) , C1-4 heteroalkyl (such as CH2OH or CH2OCH3) , C3-4 cycloalkyl, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 and R25’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring (such as ) , wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen and / or C1-4 alkyl.
[0051] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 and R25’are both H, or both methyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 is H or CH3, and R25’ is H, CH3, CH2F, CH2OH, or CH2OCH3. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 is H or CH3, and R25’ is (C1-4 alkylene) -OC (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) , wherein the C1-6 alkyl in (C1-4 alkylene) -OC (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) is optionally substituted with OH or NH2, such as CH2OC (O) CH3, CH2OC (O) (CH2) 2CH3, CH2OC (O) (CH2) 4CH3, or CH2OC (O) CH (NH2) CH (CH3) 2. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 is H or C1-6 alkyl (e.g., CH3) , and R25’ is hydroxyl-substituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., CH (CH3) OH or CH2C (CH3) 2OH) . In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 and R25’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 and R25’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 and R25’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form
[0052] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, when R25 and R25’are different, the carbon connecting R25 and R25’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, when R25 and R25’are different, the carbon connecting R25 and R25’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in With respect to the chiral carbon, the compound has an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50% (e.g., 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, 99%ee or more) .
[0053] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-2, or I-c-2-A, R26 and R26’are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-2, or I-c-2-A, R26 and R26’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring (such as ) , wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen and / or C1-4 alkyl.
[0054] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-2, or I-c-2-A, R26 and R26’are both H. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-2, or I-c-2-A, R26 and R26’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-2, or I-c-2-A, R26 and R26’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-2, or I-c-2-A, R26 and R26’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form
[0055] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R27 and R27’are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R27 and R27’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen and / or C1-4 alkyl.
[0056] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R27 and R27’are both H. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R27 and R27’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R27 and R27’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form
[0057] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R28 and R28’are each independently hydrogen, halogen (such as F) , OH, C1-4 alkyl (such as CH3) , fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl (such as OCH3) , C3-4 cycloalkyl, or 4-5 membered heterocyclyl.
[0058] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R28 and R28’are both H. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R28 is H, and R28’ is F, OH, CH3, or OCH3.
[0059] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R28 is H or C1-4 alkyl, and R28’ is C1-6 alkyl, -O- (C1-6 alkyl) , or -O- (C3-6 cycloalkyl) , wherein the C1-6 alkyl or the C3-6 cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from deuterium and halogen (e.g., F) . In some preferred embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R28 is H or methyl, and R28’ is CHF2, -O-CH3, -O-CD3, -OCH2CH3, -OCHF2, -OCF3, -OCH (CH3) 2, or -O-(cyclopropyl) . In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R28 and R28’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or two ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, such as (e.g., ) .
[0060] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R27’a nd R28’ , together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form a 5-6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or two ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, such as (e.g., ) , wherein R27 and R28 are defined herein.
[0061] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, when R28 and R28’ are different, the carbon connecting R28 and R28’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-g, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, when R28 and R28’ are different, the carbon connecting R28 and R28’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in With respect to the chiral carbon, the compound has an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50% (e.g., 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, 99%ee or more) .
[0062] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c or I-f, R29 is NHR29b, wherein R29b is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) . In some embodiments, in Formula I-c or I-f, R29 is OH, NH2, or NHCH3. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R29b is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) ; preferably, R29b is hydrogen or methyl.
[0063] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c or I-f, R29 is a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring nitrogen atoms (e.g., azetidinyl, piperidiyl, or piperazinyl) and optionally substituted with C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) . In some preferred embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, or I-g, R29 is selected from:
[0064] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R29’ is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) . In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R29b’ is hydrogen or methyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R29’ is C1-4 heteroalkyl (such as - (C1-4 alkylene) -NH2) . In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R29b’ is -CH2-NH2.
[0065] In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, when R29 (or NHR29b) and R29’ are different, the carbon connecting R29 (or NHR29b) and R29’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, I-f, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, when R29 (or NHR29b) and R29’are different, the carbon connecting R29 (or NHR29b) and R29’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in With respect to the chiral carbon, the compound has an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50% (e.g., 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, 99%ee or more) .
[0066] In some embodiments, in Formula I-f, the carbon connecting Z7 and Rb in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, in Formula I-f, the carbon connecting Z7 and Rb in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in With respect to the chiral carbon, the compound has an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50% (e.g., 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, 99%ee or more) .
[0067] In some embodiments, in Formula I-g, R29” is a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring nitrogen atoms (e.g., azetidinyl, piperidiyl, or piperazinyl) and optionally substituted with C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) . In some preferred embodiments, in Formula I-g, R29” is selected from:
[0068] In some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a compound selected from those as shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.Table A. Exemplary compounds of the present disclosure In some embodiments, the compounds in Table A can exist as an individual stereoisomer (e.g., an individual enantiomer) , or a mixture of stereoisomers (e.g., two enantiomers) in any ratio.Method of Synthesis
[0069] The compounds of the present disclosure can be readily synthesized by those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure. Exemplified synthesis is also shown in the Examples section.
[0070] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, conventional protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions. Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups are described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis” , 4th ed. P.G.M. Wuts; T. W. Greene, John Wiley, 2007, and references cited therein. The reagents for the reactions described herein are generally known compounds or can be prepared by known procedures or obvious modifications thereof. For example, many of the reagents are available from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA) , Sigma (St. Louis, Missouri, USA) . Others may be prepared by procedures, or obvious modifications thereof, described in standard reference texts such as Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volumes 1-15 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991) , Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Volumes 1-5 and Supplemental (Elsevier Science Publishers, 1989) , Organic Reactions, Volumes 1-40 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991) , March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, (Wiley, 7th Edition) , and Larock's Comprehensive Organic Transformations (Wiley-VCH, 1999) , and any of available updates as of this filing.
[0071] In some embodiments, the method of synthesizing the compounds of Formula I or the applicable subformula (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, or I-d) comprises Step S1: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, X, Y, Ring A, and Ring B are defined herein; Lg1 is a suitable coupling partner for an amination reaction, typically a leaving group, such as halide (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or an leaving group of O- (electron withdrawing group) , such as triflate, tosylate, etc., or a boronic acid or ester; wherein Step S1 is a transition metal catalyzed amination reaction to couple an amine of C-1 with a compound of C-2 to form the compound of Formula I. Preferably, Lg1 in C-2 is a halide; more preferably, Lg1 in C-2 is Br. Transition metal catalyzed amination reactions are known in the art. For example, in some embodiments, the transition metal catalyzed amination reaction is a Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction, which can be effected under the catalysis of a suitable palladium catalyst, typically in the presence of a base. Exemplary palladium catalyst and amination reaction conditions are shown in the Examples section. In some embodiments, if present, -NH-group of Ring A and / or Ring B and -NH2 group on Ring A and / or Ring B of the compound of C-2 are protected by a protecting group (such as Boc) before Step S1 and deprotected after Step S1. In some embodiments, in Step S1, the compound of C-1 is (such as ) . In some embodiments, in Step S1, the compound of C-2 is wherein Lg1, R21, R21’ , R22, R22’ , R23, R25, R25’ , R26, R26’ , R27, R27’ , R28, and R28’ are defined herein. In some embodiments, the -NH-group and / or -NH2 group of is protected by a protecting group (such as Boc) before Step S1 and deprotected after Step S1. In some embodiments, Lg1 is Br.
[0072] In some embodiments, the method of synthesizing the compounds of Formula I-c or the applicable subformula comprises Step S2: wherein Lg1, R4, R25, R25’ , R27, R27’ , R28, and R28’are defined herein; wherein Step S2 is carried out according to reductive amination. In some embodiments, when R4 is H, -NR4-group is protected by a protecting group (such as Boc) before Step S2. In some embodiments, Step S2 is carried out by using sodium cyanoborohydride, AcOH and NH4OAc.
[0073] In some embodiments, the method of synthesizing the compounds of Formula I-c or the applicable subformula comprises Step S3: wherein Lg1, R4, R25, R25’ , R27, R27’ , R28, and R28’are defined herein; wherein Step S3 is carried out according to oxidation reaction. In some embodiments, when R4 is H, -NR4-group is protected by a protecting group (such as Boc) before Step S3. In some embodiments, Step S3 is carried out by using K2OsO4 and NaIO4.
[0074] In some embodiments, the method of synthesizing the compounds of Formula I-c or the applicable subformula comprises Step S4: wherein Lg1, R4, R25, R25’ , R27, R27’ , R28, and R28’are defined herein; Lg2 is a suitable coupling partner for an intramolecular cyclization reaction with an olefin, typically a leaving group, such as halide (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or an leaving group of O- (electron withdrawing group) , such as triflate, tosylate, etc., or a boronic acid or ester; wherein Step S4 is an intramolecular cyclization reaction, such as those effected by a palladium catalyzed intramolecular Heck reaction. Preferably, Lg2 in C-5 is a halide; more preferably, Lg2 in C-5 is Br. In some embodiments, when R4 is H, -NR4-group is protected by a protecting group (such as Boc) before Step S4. Suitable conditions for intramolecular Heck reactions are known in the art, which typically includes a palladium catalyst, suitable phosphine ligand, a base, and optionally other additives. Examplary conditions are shown in the Examples section herein. For example, in some embodiments, Step S4 is carried out by using PPh3, Pd(OAc) 2, tetraethylammonium chloride and AcOK.
[0075] In some embodiments, the method of synthesizing the compounds of Formula I-c or the applicable subformula comprises Step S5: wherein Lg1, Lg2, R4, R25, R25’ , R27, R27’ , R28, and R28’are defined herein; wherein Step S5 is carried out under an alkline condition, and LG represents a leaving group (such as Br) . In some embodiments, when R4 is H, -NR4-group is protected by a protecting group (such as Boc) before Step S5. In some embodiments, Step S5 is carried out by using NaH.
[0076] In some embodiments, the method of synthesizing the compounds of Formula I-b-2 or the applicable subformula comprises Step S6: wherein Lg1, R4, R21, R21’ , R22, R22’ , and R23 are defined herein; wherein Step S6 is carried out according to oxidation reaction. In some embodiments, when R4 is H, -NR4-group is protected by a protecting group (such as Boc) before Step S6. In some embodiments, Step S6 is carried out by using a peroxide, such as TBHP.
[0077] In some embodiments, the method of synthesizing the compounds of Formula I-b-2 or the applicable subformula comprises Step S7: wherein Lg1, R4, R21, R21’ , R22, R22’ , and R23 are defined herein; wherein Step S7 is carried out under an amide formation conditions, typically, an alkline condition, and LG represents a leaving group (such as Cl) . In some embodiments, when R4 is H, -NR4-group is protected by a protecting group (such as Boc) before Step S7. In some embodiments, Step S7 is carried out by using DIEA and DMAP.
[0078] The novel intermediates as defined herein and the specific novel intermediates in the Examples section are also embodiments of the present disclosure.Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0079] Certain embodiments are directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the compounds of the present disclosure.
[0080] The pharmaceutical composition can optionally contain a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, encapsulating materials or additives such as absorption accelerators, antioxidants, binders, buffers, carriers, coating agents, coloring agents, diluents, disintegrating agents, emulsifiers, extenders, fillers, flavoring agents, humectants, lubricants, perfumes, preservatives, propellants, releasing agents, sterilizing agents, sweeteners, solubilizers, wetting agents and mixtures thereof. See also Remington's The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, A. R. Gennaro (Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., 2005; incorporated herein by reference) , which discloses various excipients used in formulating pharmaceutical compositions and known techniques for the preparation thereof.
[0081] The pharmaceutical composition can include any one or more of the compounds of the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g., in a therapeutically effective amount. In any of the embodiments described herein, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the compounds shown in Examples section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In any of the embodiments described herein, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some preferred embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure for the pharmaceutical compositions herein are selected from those compounds that have an IC50 values less than 1 micromolar (preferably less than 100 nM, or less than 50 nM) when tested in the PI3Ka_E545K kinase assay.
[0082] The pharmaceutical composition can also be formulated for delivery via any of the known routes of delivery, which include but are not limited to oral, parenteral, inhalation, etc.
[0083] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated for oral administration. The oral formulations can be presented in discrete units, such as capsules, pills, cachets, lozenges, or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active compound; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion. Excipients for the preparation of compositions for oral administration are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, agar, alginic acid, aluminum hydroxide, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, 1, 3-butylene glycol, carbomers, castor oil, cellulose, cellulose acetate, cocoa butter, corn starch, corn oil, cottonseed oil, cross-povidone, diglycerides, ethanol, ethyl cellulose, ethyl laureate, ethyl oleate, fatty acid esters, gelatin, germ oil, glucose, glycerol, groundnut oil, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, isopropanol, isotonic saline, lactose, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium stearate, malt, mannitol, monoglycerides, olive oil, peanut oil, potassium phosphate salts, potato starch, povidone, propylene glycol, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium phosphate salts, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sorbitol, soybean oil, stearic acids, stearyl fumarate, sucrose, surfactants, talc, tragacanth, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, triglycerides, water, and mixtures thereof.
[0084] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for parenteral administration (such as intravenous injection or infusion, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection) . The parenteral formulations can be, for example, an aqueous solution, a suspension, or an emulsion. Excipients for the preparation of parenteral formulations are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, 1, 3-butanediol, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, dextrose, germ oil, groundnut oil, liposomes, oleic acid, olive oil, peanut oil, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, U.S.P. or isotonic sodium chloride solution, water and mixtures thereof.
[0085] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for inhalation. The inhalable formulations can be, for example, formulated as a nasal spray, dry powder, or an aerosol administrable through a metered-dose inhaler. Excipients for preparing formulations for inhalation are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, and mixtures of these substances. Sprays can additionally contain propellants, such as chlorofluorohydrocarbons and volatile unsubstituted hydrocarbons, such as butane and propane.
[0086] The pharmaceutical composition can include various amounts of the compounds of the present disclosure, depending on various factors such as the intended use and potency and selectivity of the compounds. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) . In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. As used herein, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure is an amount effective to treat a disease or disorder as described herein, such as a cancer described herein, which can depend on the recipient of the treatment, the disease or disorder being treated and the severity thereof, the composition containing the compound, the time of administration, the route of administration, the duration of treatment, the compound potency (e.g., for inhibiting PI3K) , its rate of clearance and whether or not another drug is co-administered.
[0087] For veterinary use, a compound of the present disclosure can be administered as a suitably acceptable formulation in accordance with normal veterinary practice. The veterinarian can readily determine the dosing regimen and route of administration that is most appropriate for a particular animal.
[0088] In some embodiments, all the necessary components for the treatment of PI3K associated diseases or disorders using a compound of the present disclosure either alone or in combination with another agent or intervention traditionally used for the treatment of such disease can be packaged into a kit. Specifically, in some embodiments, the present invention provides a kit for use in the therapeutic intervention of the disease comprising a packaged set of medicaments that include the compound disclosed herein as well as buffers and other components for preparing deliverable forms of said medicaments, and / or devices for delivering such medicaments, and / or any agents that are used in combination therapy with the compound of the present disclosure, and / or instructions for the treatment of the disease packaged with the medicaments. The instructions may be fixed in any tangible medium, such as printed paper, or a computer readable magnetic or optical medium, or instructions to reference a remote computer data source such as a world wide web page accessible via the internet.Method of Treatment
[0089] Compounds of the present disclosure are useful as therapeutic active substances, for example, as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition, for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases or disorders that are associated with the activity of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) , in particular, PI3K-alpha (PI3Ka) , such as those with an activating mutation, e.g., at least one mutation selected from H1047R, E542K, and E545K mutations. Such diseases or disorders include proliferative diseases (e.g., cancer) .
[0090] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting the activity of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) , in particular, PI3K-alpha (PI3Ka) , in a cell comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) . As used herein, the term "cell" is meant to refer to a cell that is in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo. In some embodiments, an ex vivo cell can be part of a tissue sample excised from an organism such as a mammal. In some embodiments, an in vitro cell can be a cell in a cell culture. In some embodiments, an in vivo cell is a cell living in an organism such as a mammal. As used herein, the term "contacting" refers to the bringing together of indicated moieties in an in vitro system or an in vivo system. For example, "contacting" the PI3K with a compound of the present disclosure includes the administration of a compound of the present disclosure to a subject, such as a human, having PI3K, as well as, for example, introducing a compound of the present disclosure into a sample containing a cellular or purified preparation containing PI3K enzyme. The term "PI3K inhibitor" such as a PI3Ka inhibitor refers to an agent capable of inhibiting the activity of PI3K.
[0091] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease associated with activity or expression, including abnormal activity and / or overexpression, of PI3K in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) . Examples of diseases can include any disease, disorder or condition that is directly or indirectly linked to expression or activity of PI3K enzyme, such as over expression or abnormal activity. A PI3K-associated disease can also include any disease, disorder or condition that can be prevented, ameliorated, or cured by modulating PI3K enzyme activity. Examples of PI3K associated diseases include various cancer described herein. In any of the embodiments described herein, unless specified or otherwise contrary, the PI3K enzyme can be a PI3Ka enzyme, such as those having an E545K mutation. Examples of PI3K associated cancer include breast, endometrial, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, head-and-neck, liver, lung, prostate cancers. Examples of PI3K associated diseases also include CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) , or PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) . In some embodiments, the disease of disorder associated with PI3K is a cancer (e.g., described herein, such as breast, endometrial, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, head-and-neck, liver, lung, prostate cancers, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, or melanoma) . In some embodiments, the disease or disorder associated with PI3K includes, but is not limited to, CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) , PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) , endometrial cancer, breast cancer, esophageal squamous-cell cancer, cervical squamous-cell carcinoma, cervical adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, esophagogastric cancer, nerve-sheath tumor, head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, melanoma, esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, soft-tissue sarcoma, prostate cancer, fibrolamellar carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse glioma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, B-cell lymphoma, mesothelioma, adrenocortical carcinoma, renal non-clear-cell carcinoma, renal clear-cell carcinoma, germ-cell carcinoma, thymic tumor, pheochromocytoma, miscellane. Additional diseases or disorders associated with PI3K are described herein and also include those described in WO 2021 / 202964, WO 2022 / 235574, WO 2022235575, WO 2022251482, WO2021 / 222556, WO2022265993, WO2023 / 018636, and WO2023 / 288242.
[0092] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is associated with PI3K, such as PI3Ka. In some embodiments, the cancer is breast, endometrial, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, head-and-neck, liver, lung, or prostate cancers. Additional cancer suitable to be treated include those described herein.
[0093] In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) , acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , adrenocortical carcinoma, aids-related cancers, aids-related lymphoma, anal cancer, astrocytoma, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, brain tumors, breast cancer, bronchial tumors, Burkitt lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, cancer of unknown primary, cardiac (heart) tumors, atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor, primary CNS lymphoma, cervical cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, chordoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) , chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) , colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cutaneous t-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) , embryonal tumors, medulloblastoma, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, esthesioneuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, extracranial germ cell tumor, extragonadal germ cell tumor, fallopian tube cancer, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) , germ cell tumors, gestational trophoblastic disease, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular cancer, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Hodgkin lymphoma, islet cell tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, Kaposi sarcoma, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, male breast cancer, intraocular melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, metastatic cancer, metastatic squamous neck cancer, midline tract carcinoma with nut gene changes, mouth cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, multiple myeloma / plasma cell neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic neoplasms, myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, oral cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (islet cell tumors) , papillomatosis, paraganglioma, paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pheochromocytoma, pituitary tumor, plasma cell neoplasm, multiple myeloma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, primary peritoneal cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, recurrent cancer, renal cell (kidney) cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, sarcoma, childhood vascular tumors, skin cancer, small cell lung cancer, small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, testicular cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, thymoma, thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, tracheobronchial tumors, transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, urethral cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer, vascular tumors, vulvar cancer, and Wilms tumor.
[0094] In some embodiments, the cancer is Endometrial cancer, Breast cancer, Oesophageal squamous-cell cancer, Cervical squamous-cell carcinoma, Cervical adenocarcinoma, Colorectal adenocarcinoma, Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Glioblastoma, Ovarian cancer, Non-small-cell Lung cancer, Esophagogastric cancer, Nerve-sheath tumor, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Melanoma, Esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, Soft-tissue sarcoma, Prostate cancer, Fibrolamellar carcinoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Diffuse glioma, Colorectal cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma, B-cell lymphoma, Mesothelioma, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Renal non-clear-cell carcinoma, Renal clear-cell carcinoma, Germ-cell carcinoma, Thymic tumor, Pheochromocytoma, Miscellaneous neuroepithelial tumor, thyroid cancer, leukemia, or encapsulated glioma.
[0095] In some embodiments, the cancer is a breast cancer, a prostate cancer, or a brain cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a breast cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a brain cancer.
[0096] In some embodiments, the breast cancer is metastatic breast cancer. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) . In some embodiments, the breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is triple negative breast cancer. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is medullary carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is tubular carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is mucinous carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is Paget disease of the breast or nipple. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) .
[0097] In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is an adenocarcinoma. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a small cell carcinoma. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a neuroendocrine tumor. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a transitional cell carcinoma. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a sarcoma.
[0098] In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an acoustic neuroma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an astrocytoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a brain metastasis. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is choroid plexus carcinoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is craniopharyngioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an embryonal tumor. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an ependymoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a glioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a medulloblastoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a meningioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an oligodendroglioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a pediatric brain tumor. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a pineoblastoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a pituitary tumor.
[0099] In some embodiments, the cancer is endometrial cancer, head and neck cancer, or a sarcoma.
[0100] In some embodiments, the cancer is endometrial cancer. In some embodiments the cancer is head and neck cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a sarcoma.
[0101] In some embodiments, the sarcoma is soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myofibrosarcoma, chordoma, adamantinoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, or malignant solitary fibrous tumor.
[0102] In some embodiments, the sarcoma is soft tissue sarcoma. In some embodiments the soft tissue sarcoma is liposarcoma, atypical lipomatous tumor, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, malignant solitary fibrous tumor, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, giant cell tumor of soft tissues, leiomyosarcoma, malignant glomus tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma of soft tissue, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) , malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, malignant Triton tumor, malignant granular cell tumor, malignant ossifying fibromyxoid tumor, stromal sarcoma, myoepithelial carcinoma, malignant phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, synovial sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, extrarenal rhabdoid tumor, perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, intimal sarcoma, undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, undifferentiated round cell sarcoma, undifferentiated epithelioid sarcoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma, not otherwise specified.
[0103] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from CLOVES syndrome (congenial lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) , PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) , breast cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, or head and neck cancer. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is leukemia, lymphoma, or sarcoma.
[0104] In some preferred embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure for the methods herein are selected from those compounds that have an IC50 values less than 1 micromolar (preferably less than 100 nM, or less than 50 nM) when tested in the PI3Ka_E545K kinase assay.
[0105] Compounds of the present disclosure can be used as a monotherapy or in a combination therapy. In some embodiments, the combination therapy includes treating the subject with a targeted therapeutic agent, chemotherapeutic agent, therapeutic antibody, radiation, cell therapy, and / or immunotherapy. In some embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can also be co-administered with an additional pharmaceutically active compound, either concurrently or sequentially in any order, to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the combination therapy includes treating the subject with one or more additional therapies such as chemotherapeutics or other anti-cancer agents.
[0106] Combination therapy also can include the administration of the therapeutic agents as described above in further combination with other biologically active ingredients and / or non-drug therapies (e.g., surgery or radiation treatment. )
[0107] The administering for the methods herein is not limited to any particular route of administration. For example, in some embodiments, the administering can be orally, nasally, transdermally, pulmonary, inhalationally, buccally, sublingually, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, rectally, intrapleurally, intrathecally or parenterally. In some embodiments, the administering is orally.
[0108] Dosing regimen including doses can vary and can be adjusted, which can depend on the recipient of the treatment, the disease or disorder being treated and the severity thereof, the composition containing the compound, the time of administration, the route of administration, the duration of treatment, the compound potency, its rate of clearance and whether or not another drug is co-administered.Definitions
[0109] It is meant to be understood that proper valences are maintained for all moieties and combinations thereof.
[0110] It is also meant to be understood that a specific embodiment of a variable moiety herein can be the same or different as another specific embodiment having the same identifier.
[0111] Suitable atoms or groups for the variables herein are independently selected. The definitions of the variables can be combined. Using Formula I as an example, any of the definitions of one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R11, R11’ , R12, R12’ , R13, R13’ , R14, R14’ , R15, R21, R21’ , R22, R22’ , R22” , R23, R24, R25, R25’ , R26, R26’ , R26” , R27, R27’ , R27” , R28, R28’ , R29, R29’ , R29” , R31, R31’ , R32, R32’ , R33, R34, R35, R41, Ra, Rb, X, Y, Ring A, Ring B, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, and Z8 in Formula I or any applicable subformula thereof can be combined with any of the definitions of the others of R1, R2, R3, R4, R11, R11’ , R12, R12’ , R13, R13’ , R14, R14’ , R15, R21, R21’ , R22, R22’ , R22” , R23, R24, R25, R25’ , R26, R26’ , R26” , R27, R27’ , R27” , R28, R28’ , R29, R29’ , R29” , R31, R31’ , R32, R32’ , R33, R34, R35, R41, Ra, Rb, X, Y, Ring A, Ring B, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, and Z8 in Formula I or the applicable subformula. Such combination is contemplated and within the scope of the present invention.
[0112] Non-limiting useful groups for the variables in compounds of Formula I, or any subformula thereof, as applicable, include any of the respective groups, individually or in any combination, as shown in the Examples or in the specific compounds described in Table A herein. In addition, it is to be understood that the definition of a variable in Formula I can have the same definition for the variable defined in an applicable subformula of Formula I. Similarly, unless otherwise specified or contrary from context, the definition of an applicable subformula of Formula I can have the same definition for the variable defined in connection with Formula I or another subformula of Formula I.
[0113] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. The chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Thomas Sorrell, Organic Chemistry, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; and Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987. The disclosure is not intended to be limited in any manner by the exemplary listing of substituents described herein.
[0114] Compounds of the present disclosure can comprise one or more asymmetric centers and / or axial chirality, and thus can exist in various isomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and / or diastereomers. For example, the compounds described herein can be in the form of an individual enantiomer, diastereomer, atropisomer, or geometric isomer, or can be in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers, including racemic mixtures and mixtures enriched in one or more stereoisomers. Isomers can be isolated from mixtures by methods known to those skilled in the art, including chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts; or preferred isomers can be prepared by asymmetric syntheses. See, for example, Jacques et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981) ; Wilen et al., Tetrahedron 33: 2725 (1977) ; Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw–Hill, NY, 1962) ; and Wilen, Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E. L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN 1972) . The disclosure additionally encompasses compounds described herein as individual isomers substantially free of other isomers, and alternatively, as mixtures of various isomers including racemic mixtures. When a stereochemistry is specifically drawn, it should be understood that with respect to that particular chiral center or axial chirality, the compound exists predominantly as the as-drawn stereoisomer, such as with less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 1%, by weight, by HPLC or SFC area, or both, or with a non-detectable amount of the other stereoisomer (s) , for example, having an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50%, such as 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, or 99%ee or more. The presence and / or amounts of stereoisomers can be determined by those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure, including through the use of chiral HPLC or SFC.
[0115] When a range of values is listed, it is intended to encompass each value and sub–range within the range. For example, “C1–6” is intended to encompass, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1–6, C1–5, C1–4, C1–3, C1–2, C2–6, C2–5, C2–4, C2–3, C3–6, C3–5, C3–4, C4–6, C4–5, and C5–6.
[0116] As used herein, the term “compound (s) of the present disclosure” or “compound (s) of the present invention” refers to any of the compounds described herein according to Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-a-1, I-a-2, I-a-1-A, I-a-2-A, I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-d, I-d-1, I-d-1-A, I-e, I-f, or I-g) , any of compounds shown in Table A and in the Examples section, isotopically labeled compound (s) thereof (such as a deuterated analog wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms is substituted with a deuterium atom (s) with an abundance above its natural abundance) , possible stereoisomers thereof (including diastereoisomers, enantiomers, and racemic mixtures) , geometric isomers thereof, atropisomers thereof, tautomers thereof, conformational isomers thereof, and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof (e.g., acid addition salt such as HCl salt or base addition salt such as Na salt) . Hydrates and solvates of the compounds of the present disclosure are considered compositions of the present disclosure, wherein the compound (s) is in association with water or solvent, respectively.
[0117] Compounds of the present disclosure can exist in isotope-labeled or -enriched form containing one or more atoms having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number most abundantly found in nature. Isotopes can be radioactive or non-radioactive isotopes. Isotopes of atoms such as hydrogen, carbon, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine include, but are not limited to 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18O, 32P, 35S, 18F, 36Cl, and 125I. Compounds that contain other isotopes of these and / or other atoms are within the scope of this invention.
[0118] As used herein, the term "one or more" refers to one or more than one. For example, in some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one or two. In some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one, two or three. In some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one, two, three, or four. In some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one, two, three, four, or five.
[0119] As used herein, the term "alkyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a straight-or branched-chain aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the alkyl which can include one to twelve carbon atoms (i.e., C1-12 alkyl) or the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e., a C1 alkyl such as methyl, a C2 alkyl such as ethyl, a C3 alkyl such as propyl or isopropyl, etc. ) . In one embodiment, the alkyl group is a straight chain C1-10 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a branched chain C3-10 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a straight chain C1-6 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a branched chain C3-6 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a straight chain C1-4 alkyl group. For example, a C1-4 alkyl group as used herein refers to a group selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl (n-propyl) , isopropyl, butyl (n-butyl) , sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and iso-butyl. An optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl group refers to the C1-4 alkyl group as defined, optionally substituted with one or more permissible substituents as described herein. As used herein, the term "alkylene" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a divalent radical derived from an alkyl group, i.e., by removing any hydrogen from the alkyl group. For example, non-limiting straight chain alkylene (alternatively referred to as linear alkylene, i.e., (CH2) n) groups include -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, and the like.
[0120] As used herein, the term "heteroalkyl, " by itself or in combination with another term, means, unless otherwise stated, a stable straight or branched-chain alkyl group, e.g., having from 2 to 14 carbons, such as 2 to 10 carbons in the chain, one or more of the carbons has been replaced by a heteroatom selected from S, O, P and N, and wherein the nitrogen, phosphine, and sulfur atoms can optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatom can optionally be quaternized. The heteroatom (s) S, O, P and N may be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group or at the position at which the alkyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule. When the heteroalkyl is said to be substituted, the substituent (s) can replace one or more hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom (s) and / or the heteroatom (s) of the heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, the heteroalkyl is a C1-4 heteroalkyl, which refers to the heteroalkyl defined herein having 1-4 carbon atoms. Examples of C1-4 heteroalkyl include, but are not limited to, C4 heteroalkyl such as -CH2-CH2-N (CH3) -CH3, C3 heteroalkyl such as -CH2-CH2-O-CH3, -CH2-CH2-NH-CH3, -CH2-S-CH2-CH3, -CH2-CH2-S (O) -CH3, -CH2-CH2-S (O) 2-CH3, C2 heteroalkyl such as -CH2-CH2-OH, -CH2-CH2-NH2, -CH2-NH (CH3) , -O-CH2-CH3 and C1 heteroalkyl such as, -CH2-OH, -CH2-NH2, -O-CH3. Preferably, the C1-4 heteroalkyl (or C1-4 heteroalkylene) herein contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms, such as one oxygen, one nitrogen, two oxygens, two nitrogens, or one oxygen and one nitrogen. Similarly, the term "heteroalkylene" by itself or as part of another substituent means a divalent radical derived from heteroalkyl, as exemplified, but not limited by, -CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-and –O-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-. For heteroalkylene groups, heteroatoms can also occupy either or both of the chain termini (e.g., alkyleneoxy, alkylenedioxy, alkyleneamino, alkylenediamino, and the like) . Still further, for alkylene and heteroalkylene linking groups, no orientation of the linking group is implied by the direction in which the formula of the linking group is written. Where "heteroalkyl" is recited, followed by recitations of specific heteroalkyl groups, such as -NR'R” or the like, it will be understood that the terms heteroalkyl and -NR'R” are not redundant or mutually exclusive. Rather, the specific heteroalkyl groups are recited to add clarity. Thus, the term "heteroalkyl" should not be interpreted herein as excluding specific heteroalkyl groups, such as -NR'R” or the like.
[0121] As used herein, the term "alkenyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one, two or three carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group is a C2-6 alkenyl group. In another embodiment, the alkenyl group is a C2-4 alkenyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, sec-butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.
[0122] As used herein, the term "alkynyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one to three carbon-to-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl has one carbon-carbon triple bond. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group is a C2-6 alkynyl group. In another embodiment, the alkynyl group is a C2-4 alkynyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, 2-butynyl, pentynyl, and hexynyl groups.
[0123] As used herein, the term "alkoxy" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula ORa1, wherein Ra1 is an alkyl.
[0124] As used herein, the term "haloalkyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine and / or iodine atoms. In preferred embodiments, the haloalkyl is an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three fluorine atoms. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-10 haloalkyl group. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-6 haloalkyl group. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-4 haloalkyl group.
[0125] “Carbocyclyl” or “carbocyclic” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a non–aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C3–10 carbocyclyl” ) and zero heteroatoms in the non–aromatic ring system. The carbocyclyl group can be either monocyclic ( “monocyclic carbocyclyl” ) or contain a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system ( “bicyclic carbocyclyl” ) and can be saturated or can be partially unsaturated. In a bicyclic carbocyclyl, one of the rings can be an aryl ring, provided that the bicyclic carbocyclic as a whole is non-aromatic. Non-limiting exemplary carbocyclyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbornyl, decalin, adamantyl, cyclopentenyl, and cyclohexenyl.
[0126] In some embodiments, “carbocyclyl” is a saturated carbocyclyl group having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–14 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–10 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–8 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C5–6 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C5–10 cycloalkyl” ) .
[0127] “Heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a 3–to 14–membered non–aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, boron, phosphorus, and silicon ( “3–14 membered heterocyclyl” ) . In heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. A heterocyclyl group can either be monocyclic (“monocyclic heterocyclyl” ) or a fused, bridged, or spiro ring system, such as a bicyclic system ( “bicyclic heterocyclyl” ) , and can be saturated or can be partially unsaturated. Heterocyclyl bicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. In a bicyclic heterocyclyl, one of the rings can be a carbocyclic ring, an aryl ring, or a heteroaryl ring, provided that the bicyclic heterocyclyl as a whole is non-aromatic.
[0128] Exemplary 3–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azirdinyl, oxiranyl, thiiranyl. Exemplary 4–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azetidinyl, oxetanyl and thietanyl. Exemplary 5–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, and pyrrolyl–2, 5–dione. Exemplary 5–membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, dioxolanyl, oxasulfuranyl, disulfuranyl, and oxazolidin-2-one. Exemplary 5–membered heterocyclyl groups containing three heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, and thiadiazolinyl. Exemplary 6–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, and thianyl. Exemplary 6–membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, and dioxanyl. Exemplary 6–membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazinanyl. Exemplary 7–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azepanyl, oxepanyl and thiepanyl. Exemplary 8–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azocanyl, oxecanyl and thiocanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups fused to a C6 aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 5, 6-bicyclic heterocyclic ring) include, without limitation, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, benzoxazolinonyl, and the like. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups fused to an aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 6, 6-bicyclic heterocyclic ring) include, without limitation, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and the like.
[0129] “Aryl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic or tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 pi electrons shared in a cyclic array) having 6–14 ring carbon atoms and zero heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system ( “C6–14 aryl” ) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has six ring carbon atoms ( “C6 aryl” ; e.g., phenyl) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has ten ring carbon atoms ( “C10 aryl” ; e.g., naphthyl such as 1–naphthyl and 2–naphthyl) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has fourteen ring carbon atoms ( “C14 aryl” ; e.g., anthracyl) .
[0130] “Aralkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more aryl groups, preferably, substituted with one aryl group. Examples of aralkyl include benzyl, phenethyl, etc. When an aralkyl is said to be optionally substituted, either the alkyl portion or the aryl portion of the aralkyl can be optionally substituted.
[0131] “Heteroaryl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a 5–14 membered monocyclic or bicyclic 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6 or 10 pi electrons shared in a cyclic array) having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur ( “5–14 membered heteroaryl” ) . In heteroaryl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. Heteroaryl bicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. Bicyclic heteroaryl groups wherein one ring does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., indolyl, quinolinyl, and the like) the point of attachment can be on either ring, i.e., either the ring bearing a heteroatom (e.g., 2–indolyl) or the ring that does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., 5–indolyl) . For the avoidance of doubt, the term “heteroaryl” herein also includes those heteroaromatic rings in which a nitrogen is oxidized, such as pyridinyl N-oxide, and those heteroaromatic rings in which one or more ring carbon atom exists as C (O) in one tautomeric form, such as pyridonyl.
[0132] Exemplary 5–membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, pyrrolyl, furanyl, and thiophenyl. Exemplary 5–membered heteroaryl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl. Exemplary 5–membered heteroaryl groups containing three heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl. Exemplary 5–membered heteroaryl groups containing four heteroatoms include, without limitation, tetrazolyl. Exemplary 6–membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, pyridinyl. Exemplary 6–membered heteroaryl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. Exemplary 6–membered heteroaryl groups containing three or four heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazinyl and tetrazinyl, respectively. Exemplary 7–membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl. Exemplary 5, 6–bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl, indolizinyl, and purinyl. Exemplary 6, 6–bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl.
[0133] “Heteroaralkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more heteroaryl groups, preferably, substituted with one heteroaryl group. When a heteroaralkyl is said to be optionally substituted, either the alkyl portion or the heteroaryl portion of the heteroaralkyl can be optionally substituted.
[0134] As commonly understood by those skilled in the art, alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, carbocyclylene, heterocyclylene, arylene, and heteroarylene refer to the corresponding divalent radicals of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups, respectively.
[0135] An “optionally substituted” group, such as an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, refers to the respective group that is unsubstituted or substituted. In general, the term “substituted” , whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that at least one hydrogen present on a group (e.g., a carbon or nitrogen atom) is replaced with a permissible substituent, e.g., a substituent which upon substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, or other reaction. Unless otherwise indicated, a “substituted” group has a substituent at one or more substitutable positions of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure is substituted, the substituent can be the same or different at each position. Typically, when substituted, the optionally substituted groups herein can be substituted with 1-5 substituents. Substituents can be a carbon atom substituent, a nitrogen atom substituent, an oxygen atom substituent or a sulfur atom substituent, as applicable.
[0136] Unless expressly stated to the contrary, combinations of substituents and / or variables are allowable only if such combinations are chemically allowed and result in a stable compound. A “stable” compound is a compound that can be prepared and isolated and whose structure and properties remain or can be caused to remain essentially unchanged for a period of time sufficient to allow use of the compound for the purposes described herein (e.g., therapeutic administration to a subject) .
[0137] In some embodiments, the “optionally substituted” non-aromatic group herein can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, Cl, -OH, oxo (as applicable) , C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkoxy, phenyl, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, or independently selected from Br, I, -NH2 and -CN, wherein each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy phenyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl, is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, -OH, oxo (as applicable) , C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., CF3) , C1-4 alkoxy and fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkoxy, or independently selected from Cl, Br, I, -NH2 and -CN. In some embodiments, the “optionally substituted” aromatic group (including aryl and heteroaryl groups) herein can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, Cl, -OH, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkoxy, phenyl, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, or independently selected from Br, I and -NH2, wherein each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, phenyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl, is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, -OH, oxo (as applicable) , C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy and fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkoxy, or independently selected from Cl, Br, -NH2 and -CN. To be clear, as used herein, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl or fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkoxy should be understood as a C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkoxy that is substituted with one or more fluorine, typically, 1-3 F. It should also be clear that the phrases “fluoro-substituted group” and “fluorine substituted group” are used interchangeably herein and both mean that the group is substituted with one or more fluorine. In some embodiments, unless otherwise specified or contrary from context, an “optionally substituted” group herein can be optionally substituted with one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) substituents independently selected from F, -OH, Cl, Br, -NH2, -CN, oxo (as applicable) , C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkoxy, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and O- (C3-4 cycloalkyl) .
[0138] Exemplary carbon atom substituents include, but are not limited to, halogen, –CN, –NO2, –N3, –SO2H, –SO3H, –OH, –ORaa, –ON (Rbb) 2, –N (Rbb) 2, –N (Rbb) 3+X–, –N (ORcc) Rbb, –SH, –SRaa, –SSRcc, –C (=O) Raa, –CO2H, –CHO, –C (ORcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –OC (=O) Raa, –OCO2Raa, –C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –OC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –NRbbC (=O) Raa, –NRbbCO2Raa, –NRbbC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRbb) ORaa, –OC (=NRbb) Raa, –OC (=NRbb) ORaa, –C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –OC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –NRbbC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) NRbbSO2Raa, –NRbbSO2Raa, –SO2N (Rbb) 2, –SO2Raa, –SO2ORaa, –OSO2Raa, –S (=O) Raa, –OS (=O) Raa, –Si (Raa) 3, –OSi (Raa) 3 –C (=S) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) SRaa, –C (=S) SRaa, –SC (=S) SRaa, –SC (=O) SRaa, –OC (=O) SRaa, –SC (=O) ORaa, –SC (=O) Raa, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, -P (=O) (ORcc) 2, –OP (=O) (Raa) 2, –OP (=O) (ORcc) 2, –P (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, –OP (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, -NRbbP (=O) (Raa) 2, –NRbbP (=O) (ORcc) 2, –NRbbP (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, –P (Rcc) 2, -P (ORcc) 2, –P (Rcc) 3+X-, -P (ORcc) 3+X-, -P (Rcc) 4, -P (ORcc) 4, –OP (Rcc) 2, –OP (Rcc) 3+X-, -OP (ORcc) 2, -OP (ORcc) 3+X-, -OP (Rcc) 4, -OP (ORcc) 4, –B (Raa) 2, –B (ORcc) 2, –BRaa (ORcc) , C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; wherein X-is a counterion; or two geminal hydrogens on a carbon atom are replaced with the group =O, =S, =NN (Rbb) 2, =NNRbbC (=O) Raa, =NNRbbC (=O) ORaa, =NNRbbS (=O) 2Raa, =NRbb, or =NORcc; each instance of Raa is, independently, selected from C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Raa groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups;each instance of Rbb is, independently, selected from hydrogen, –OH, –ORaa, –N (Rcc) 2, –CN, –C (=O) Raa, –C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –SO2Raa, –C (=NRcc) ORaa, –C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, –SO2N (Rcc) 2, –SO2Rcc, –SO2ORcc, –SORaa, –C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) SRcc, –C (=S) SRcc, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, -P (=O) (ORcc) 2, –P (=O) (N (Rcc) 2) 2, C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rbb groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; wherein X-is a counterion;each instance of Rcc is, independently, selected from hydrogen, C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups;each instance of Rdd is, independently, selected from halogen, –CN, –NO2, –N3, –SO2H, –SO3H, –OH, –ORee, –ON (Rff) 2, –N (Rff) 2, –N (Rff) 3+X–, –N (ORee) Rff, –SH, –SRee, –SSRee, –C (=O) Ree, –CO2H, –CO2Ree, –OC (=O) Ree, –OCO2Ree, –C (=O) N (Rff) 2, –OC (=O) N (Rff) 2, –NRffC (=O) Ree, –NRffCO2Ree, –NRffC (=O) N (Rff) 2, –C (=NRff) ORee, –OC (=NRff) Ree, –OC (=NRff) ORee, –C (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, –OC (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, –NRffC (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, –NRffSO2Ree, –SO2N (Rff) 2, –SO2Ree, –SO2ORee, –OSO2Ree, –S (=O) Ree, –Si (Ree) 3, –OSi (Ree) 3, –C (=S) N (Rff) 2, –C (=O) SRee, –C (=S) SRee, –SC (=S) SRee, –P (=O) (ORee) 2, –P (=O) (Ree) 2, –OP (=O) (Ree) 2, –OP (=O) (ORee) 2, C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, C6–10 aryl, 5–10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups, or two geminal Rdd substituents can be joined to form =O or =S; wherein X-is a counterion;each instance of Ree is, independently, selected from C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, C6–10 aryl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, and 3–10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups;each instance of Rff is, independently, selected from hydrogen, C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, C6–10 aryl and 5–10 membered heteroaryl, or two Rff groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups; andeach instance of Rgg is, independently, halogen, –CN, –NO2, –N3, –SO2H, –SO3H, –OH, –OC1–6 alkyl, –ON (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –N (C1–6 alkyl) 3+X–, –NH (C1–6 alkyl) 2+X–, –NH2(C1–6 alkyl) +X–, –NH3+X–, –N (OC1–6 alkyl) (C1–6 alkyl) , –N (OH) (C1–6 alkyl) , –NH (OH) , –SH, –SC1–6 alkyl, –SS (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –CO2H, –CO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –OCO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=O) NH2, –C (=O) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OC (=O) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHC (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –N (C1–6 alkyl) C (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHCO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHC (=O) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –NHC (=O) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHC (=O) NH2, –C (=NH) O (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (=NH) (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (=NH) OC1–6 alkyl, –C (=NH) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –C (=NH) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=NH) NH2, –OC (=NH) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OC (NH) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (NH) NH2, –NHC (NH) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –NHC (=NH) NH2, –NHSO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –SO2N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –SO2NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –SO2NH2, –SO2C1–6 alkyl, –SO2OC1–6 alkyl, –OSO2C1–6 alkyl, –SOC1–6 alkyl, –Si (C1–6 alkyl) 3, –OSi (C1–6 alkyl) 3 –C (=S) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, C (=S) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , C (=S) NH2, –C (=O) S (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=S) SC1–6 alkyl, –SC (=S) SC1–6 alkyl, –P (=O) (OC1–6 alkyl) 2, –P (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OP (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OP (=O) (OC1–6 alkyl) 2, C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, C6–10 aryl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, 5–10 membered heteroaryl; or two geminal Rgg substituents can be joined to form =O or =S; wherein X–is a counterion.
[0139] A “counterion” or “anionic counterion” is a negatively charged group associated with a positively charged group in order to maintain electronic neutrality. An anionic counterion may be monovalent (i.e., including one formal negative charge) . An anionic counterion may also be multivalent (i.e., including more than one formal negative charge) , such as divalent or trivalent. Exemplary counterions include halide ions (e.g., F–, Cl–, Br–, I–) , NO3–, ClO4–, OH–, H2PO4–, HSO4–, sulfonate ions (e.g., methansulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, p–toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, 10–camphor sulfonate, naphthalene–2–sulfonate, naphthalene–1–sulfonic acid–5–sulfonate, ethan–1–sulfonic acid–2–sulfonate, and the like) , carboxylate ions (e.g., acetate, propanoate, benzoate, glycerate, lactate, tartrate, glycolate, gluconate, and the like) , BF4–, PF4–, PF6–, AsF6–, SbF6–, B [3, 5- (CF3) 2C6H3] 4] –, BPh4–, Al (OC (CF3) 3) 4–, and a carborane anion (e.g., CB11H12–or (HCB11Me5Br6) –) . Exemplary counterions which may be multivalent include CO32-, HPO42-, PO43-, B4O72-, SO42-, S2O32-, carboxylate anions (e.g., tartrate, citrate, fumarate, maleate, malate, malonate, gluconate, succinate, glutarate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, salicylate, phthalates, aspartate, glutamate, and the like) , and carboranes.
[0140] “Halo” or “halogen” refers to fluorine (fluoro, –F) , chlorine (chloro, –Cl) , bromine (bromo, –Br) , or iodine (iodo, –I) .
[0141] “Acyl” refers to a moiety selected from the group consisting of –C (=O) Raa, –CHO, –CO2Raa, –C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRbb) ORaa, –C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) NRbbSO2Raa, –C (=S) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) SRaa, or –C (=S) SRaa, wherein Raa and Rbb are as defined herein.
[0142] Nitrogen atoms can be substituted or unsubstituted as valency permits, and include primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary nitrogen atoms. Exemplary nitrogen atom substituents include, but are not limited to, hydrogen, –OH, –ORaa, –N (Rcc) 2, –CN, –C (=O) Raa, –C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –SO2Raa, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRcc) ORaa, –C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, –SO2N (Rcc) 2, –SO2Rcc, –SO2ORcc, –SORaa, –C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) SRcc, –C (=S) SRcc, –P (=O) (ORcc) 2, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, –P (=O) (N (Rcc) 2) 2, C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups attached to a nitrogen atom are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups, and wherein Raa, Rbb, Rcc, and Rdd are as defined above.
[0143] In certain embodiments, the substituent present on a nitrogen atom is a nitrogen protecting group (also referred to as an amino protecting group) . Nitrogen protecting groups include, but are not limited to, –OH, –ORaa, –N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) Raa, –C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –SO2Raa, –C (=NRcc) Raa, –C (=NRcc) ORaa, –C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, –SO2N (Rcc) 2, –SO2Rcc, –SO2ORcc, –SORaa, –C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) SRcc, –C (=S) SRcc, C1–10 alkyl, ar-C1-10 alkyl, heteroar-C1-10 alkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl groups, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups, and wherein Raa, Rbb, Rcc and Rdd are as defined herein. Nitrogen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley &Sons, 1999, incorporated by reference herein.
[0144] Exemplary oxygen atom substituents include, but are not limited to, –Raa, –C (=O) SRaa, –C (=O) Raa, –CO2Raa, –C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRbb) ORaa, –C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –S (=O) Raa, –SO2Raa, –Si (Raa) 3, –P (Rcc) 2, –P (Rcc) 3+X-, -P (ORcc) 2, -P (ORcc) 3+X-, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, –P (=O) (ORcc) 2, and –P (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, wherein X-, Raa, Rbb, and Rcc are as defined herein. In certain embodiments, the oxygen atom substituent present on an oxygen atom is an oxygen protecting group (also referred to as a hydroxyl protecting group) . Oxygen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley &Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference. Exemplary oxygen protecting groups include, but are not limited to, alkyl ethers or substituted alkyl ethers such as methyl, allyl, benzyl, substituted benzyls such as 4-methoxybenzyl, methoxylmethyl (MOM) , benzyloxymethyl (BOM) , 2–methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , etc., silyl ethers such as trymethylsilyl (TMS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , etc., acetals or ketals, such as tetrahydropyranyl (THP) , esters such as formate, acetate, chloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, methoxyacetate, etc., carbonates, sulfonates such as methanesulfonate (mesylate) , benzylsulfonate, and tosylate (Ts) , etc.
[0145] The term “leaving group” is given its ordinary meaning in the art of synthetic organic chemistry, for example, it can refer to an atom or a group capable of being displaced by a nucleophile. See, for example, Smith, March Advanced Organic Chemistry 6th ed. (501-502) . Examples of suitable leaving groups include, but are not limited to, halogen (such as F, Cl, Br, or I (iodine) ) , alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, alkanesulfonyloxy, arenesulfonyloxy, alkyl-carbonyloxy (e.g., acetoxy) , arylcarbonyloxy, aryloxy, methoxy, N, O-dimethylhydroxylamino, pixyl, and haloformates.
[0146] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art.
[0147] The term “tautomers” or “tautomeric” refers to two or more interconvertible compounds resulting from at least one formal migration of a hydrogen atom and at least one change in valency (e.g., a single bond to a double bond, a triple bond to a single bond, or vice versa) . The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH. Tautomerizations (i.e., the reaction providing a tautomeric pair) may catalyzed by acid or base. Exemplary tautomerizations include keto-to-enol, amide-to-imide, lactam-to-lactim, enamine-to-imine, and enamine-to- (a different enamine) tautomerizations.
[0148] The term “subject” (alternatively referred to herein as “patient” ) as used herein, refers to an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human, who has been the object of treatment, observation or experiment.
[0149] As used herein, the terms "treat" , "treating" , "treatment, " and the like refer to eliminating, reducing, or ameliorating a disease or condition, and / or symptoms associated therewith. Although not precluded, treating a disease or condition does not require that the disease, condition, or symptoms associated therewith be completely eliminated. As used herein, the terms "treat, " "treating, " "treatment, " and the like may include " prophylactic treatment, " which refers to reducing the probability of redeveloping a disease or condition, or of a recurrence of a previously-controlled disease or condition, in a subject who does not have, but is at risk of or is susceptible to, redeveloping a disease or condition or a recurrence of the disease or condition. The term "treat" and synonyms contemplate administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein to a subject in need of such treatment.
[0150] As used herein, the phrase “administration” of a compound, “administering” a compound, or other variants thereof means providing the compound or a prodrug of the compound to the individual in need of treatment.
[0151] As used herein, the singular form “a” , “an” , and “the” , includes plural references unless it is expressly stated or is unambiguously clear from the context that such is not intended.
[0152] The term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A and / or B” herein is intended to include both A and B; A or B; A (alone) ; and B (alone) . Likewise, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following embodiments: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone) ; B (alone) ; and C (alone) .
[0153] Headings and subheadings are used for convenience and / or formal compliance only, do not limit the subject technology, and are not referred to in connection with the interpretation of the description of the subject technology. Features described under one heading or one subheading of the subject disclosure may be combined, in various embodiments, with features described under other headings or subheadings. Further it is not necessarily the case that all features under a single heading or a single subheading are used together in embodiments.Examples
[0154] The various starting materials, intermediates, and compounds of the preferred embodiments can be isolated and purified where appropriate using conventional techniques such as precipitation, filtration, crystallization, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography. Characterization of these compounds can be performed using conventional methods such as by melting point, mass spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance, and various other spectroscopic analyses.
[0155] Exemplary embodiments of steps for performing the synthesis of products described herein are described in greater detail infra. Some of the Examples discussed herein can be prepared by separating the corresponding racemic mixtures. As would be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, the compounds described in the Examples section immediately prior to the chiral separation step, e.g., by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) , exist in racemic and / or stereoisomeric mixture forms. It should be understood that the enantiomeric excesses ( "ee" ) and / or diastereomeric excesses ( “de” ) reported for these examples are only representative from the exemplified procedures herein and not limiting; those of ordinary skill in the art would understand that such enantiomers and / or diastereomers with a different ee and / or de, such as a higher ee and / or de, can be obtained in view of the present disclosure. Typically, a "de" value is reported herein when a pair of diastereomers, having only one of the chiral centers being different, are separated from a corresponding diastereomeric mixture. In such cases, the "de" value indicates the degree of enrichment of one of the diastereomers.
[0156] The abbreviations used in the Examples section should be understood as having their ordinary meanings in the art unless specifically indicated otherwise or obviously contrary from context. The following shows certain abbreviations used in the Examples section herein. Example 1. Synthesis of Compound 1
[0157] Step 1: To a solution of 7-bromo-3-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrido [3, 4-b] pyrazine-5-carbonitrile (1.0 g, 3.95 mmol) and (Boc) 2O (1.82 mL, 7.90 mmol) in THF (100 mL) were added TEA (2.2 mL, 15.81 mmol) and DMAP (48.3 mg, 0.40 mmol) at 0 ℃. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 1-1.
[0158] Step 2: To a solution of 1-1 and RhH (CO) (PPh3) 3 (208 mg, 0.23 mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) was added PhSiH3 (1.68 mL, 13.6 mmol) at RT. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 4 hrs. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 1-2.
[0159] Step 3: To a solution of 1-2 (320 mg, 0.94 mmol) and TEA (0.13 mL, 0.94 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added ethyl 3-chloro-3-oxopropanoate (0.24 mL, 1.89 mmol) at 0 ℃. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 1-3.
[0160] Step 4: To a solution of 1-3 (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL) was added NaOEt (30.0 mg, 0.44 mmol) at RT. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was concentrated directly. Then the residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%NH3xH2O in water: 5-95%) to afford 1-4.
[0161] Step 5: A solution of 1-4 (65 mg, 0.18 mmol) in conc. HCl (2 mL) and AcOH (6 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was adjusted to pH = 8 with 1 M aq. NaOH and then extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 1) to afford 1-5.
[0162] Step 6: To a solution of 1-5 and (Boc) 2O (0.31 mL, 1.35 mmol) in THF (10 mL) were added TEA (0.12 mL, 0.81 mmol) and DMAP (16.5 mg, 0.14 mmol) . Then the reaction was stirred at RT for 12 hrs. The reaction was concentrated directly. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 1-6.
[0163] Step 7: To a solution of 1-6 (40 mg, 0.069 mmol) and (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (54.7 mg, 0.21 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) were added RuPhos (16.1 mg, 0.034 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (18.9 mg, 0.021 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (56.0 mg, 0.17 mmol) . Then the reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ under N2 for 4 hrs. The reaction was filtered and concentrated directly. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 10) to afford 1-7.
[0164] Step 8: To a solution of 1-7 (21.8 mg, 0.028 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added TFA (0.5 mL, 0.028 mmol) at RT. Then the reaction was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The reaction was concentrated directly. Then the residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / water: 5-95%) to afford 1. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 466.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 7.44-7.29 (m, 3H) , 7.03-6.91 (m, 2H) , 6.57 (s, 2H) , 6.16 (s, 1H) , 5.52 (s, 1H) , 3.94-3.78 (m, 2H) , 3.29-3.22 (m, 2H) , 2.32 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.06 (3F) , -116.65 (1F) , -133.04 (1F) .Example 2. Synthesis of Compound 2
[0165] Step 1: To a solution of methyl (2, 6-dibromo-3-nitropyridin-4-yl) glycinate (1.1 g, 2.9 mmol) in AcOH (25 mL) was added Fe powder (0.83 g, 15 mmol) at 20 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 3 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH = 8 / 1) to afford 2-1.
[0166] Step 2: To a solution of 2-1 (0.7 g, 2.3 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added (Boc) 2O (1 g, 4.5 mmol) and TEA (1 g, 9.2 mmol) at 0 ℃. DMAP (28 mg, 0.23 mmol) was then added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM) to afford 2-2.
[0167] Step 3: To a solution of 2-2 (520 mg, 1.3 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) were added NaH (102 mg, 60%) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 hr. Then 4-bromobut-1-ene (379 mg, 2.8 mmol) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT. The mixture was quenched with H2O and extracted with EA. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 8 / 1) to afford 2-3.
[0168] Step 4: To a solution of 2-3 (300 mg, 0.65 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) were added PPh3 (51 mg, 0.19 mmol) , Pd (OAc) 2 (22 mg, 0.1 mmol) , oxidane tetraethylammonium chloride (239 mg, 1.3 mmol) and AcOK (232 mg, 2.3 mmol) at 20 ℃. The mixture was heated to 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EA. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 9 / 1) to afford 2-4.
[0169] Step 5: To a solution of 2-4 (150 mg, 0.42 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and H2O (5 mL) were added K2OsO4 (9.3 mg, 0.03 mmol) and NaIO4 (720 mg, 3.4 mmol) at 20 ℃. Then the mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. the combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 2-5.
[0170] Step 6: To a solution of 2-5 (80 mg, 0.21 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added NH4OAc (322 mg, 4.2 mmol) and AcOH (25 mg, 0.42 mmol) at 20 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 0.3 hr. Then sodium cyanoborohydride (65 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%FA in water, 10-60%) to afford 2-6.
[0171] Step 7: To a solution of 2-6 (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) in THF (5 mL) were added (Boc) 2O (42 mg, 0.19 mmol) and TEA (0.04 mL, 0.24 mmol) at 0 ℃. DMAP (1.6 mg, 0.01 mmol) was then added, and the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%FA in water, 10-80%) to afford 2-7.
[0172] Step 8: To a solution of 2-7 (18 mg, 0.04 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) were added (R) -1-(5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (30 mg, 0.11 mmol) , S-phos (7.6 mg, 0.02 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (17 mg, 0.02 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (36 mg, 0.11 mmol) at RT. Then the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%FA in water, 10-70%) to afford 2-8.
[0173] Step 9: To a mixture of 2-8 (5 mg, 0.01 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) at 20 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%FA in water, 10-30%) to afford 2. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 468.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.17-7.13 (m, 1H) , 7.03-6.97 (m, 1H) , 6.64-6.55 (m, 1H) , 6.00-5.95 (m, 1H) , 4.50-4.24 (m, 2H) , 3.96 (s, 2H) , 3.50-3.38 (m, 1H) , 2.44-2.38 (m, 1H) , 2.33-2.30 (m, 3H) , 2.02-1.85 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -74.51 (1.5F) , -74.77 (1.5F) , -118.72 (1F) , -135.42 (1F) .Example 3. Synthesis of Compound 3
[0174] Step 1: To a solution of 1-2 (123 mg, 0.36 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added trichloroacetyl isocyanate (52 μL, 0.44 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The reaction was quenched with MeOH and concentrated. Then the residue was dissolved in a solution of NH3 in MeOH (10 mL, 7 M) and the mixture was stirred at 40 ℃for 12 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%NH3xH2O in water: 5-95%) to afford 3-1.
[0175] Step 2: To a solution of 3-1 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) and (Boc) 2O (0.30 mL, 1.31 mmol) in THF (15 mL) were added TEA (0.036 mL, 0.26 mmol) and DMAP (16.0 mg, 0.13 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / water: 5-95%) to afford 3-2.
[0176] Steps 3-4: starting from 3-2, compound 3 was prepared by following the similar procedure as described for the synthesis of compound 1 in example 1. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 467.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 7.81 (s, 1H) , 7.64 (s, 1H) , 7.51 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.38-7.31 (m, 2H) , 7.13 (s, 1H) , 7.10-6.99 (m, 1H) , 6.21 (s, 1H) , 3.88-3.71 (m, 2H) , 3.33-3.28 (s, 2H) , 2.32 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.15 (3F) , -116.62 (1F) , -133.01 (1F) .Example 4. Synthesis of Compound 4
[0177] Step 1: To a solution of 1-2 (135 mg, 0.40 mmol) and DIEA (0.13 mL, 0.80 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added 2-cyanoacetyl chloride (411.9 mg, 3.98 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 1) to afford 4-1.
[0178] Step 2: To a solution of 4-1 (160 mg, 0.39 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL) was added EtONa (53.6 mg, 0.79 mmol) at RT. Then the reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was concentrated. Then the residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%NH3. H2O in water: 5-95%) to afford 4-2.
[0179] Step 3: To a solution of 4-2 (15 mg, 0.037 mmol) in THF (5 mL) were added (Boc) 2O (84.8 μL, 0.37 mmol) , TEA (10.3 μL, 0.074 mmol) and DMAP (4.5 mg, 0.037 mmol) at 0 ℃. Then the reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5-95%) to afford 4-3.
[0180] Step 4: To a solution of 4-3 (15 mg, 0.025 mmol) and (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (19.7 mg, 0.074 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) were added BINAP (7.7 mg, 0.012 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (11.3 mg, 0.012 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (20.1 mg, 0.062 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ under N2 for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5-95%) to afford 4-4.
[0181] Step 5: To a solution of 4-4 (18 mg, 0.023 mmol) in MeCN (1.5 mL) was added TMSI (16 μL, 0.114 mmol) at 0 ℃. Then the reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / water: 5-95%) to afford 4. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 491.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.11 (s, 1H) , 7.69 (s, 1H) , 7.57 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.38-7.31 (m, 2H) , 7.24-7.10 (m, 2H) , 6.23 (s, 1H) , 3.94-3.81 (m, 2H) , 3.32-3.27 (m, 2H) , 2.31 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.03 (3F) , -116.61 (1F) , -133.00 (1F) .Example 5. Synthesis of Compounds 8 and 9
[0182] Step 1: 2-8 (0.2 g, 0.3 mmol) was purified by prep-SFC (column: ChiralPak AD, 250×30mm I. D., 10μm, Ethanol (0.1%NH3H2O) / Supercritical CO2 = 10 / 90) to afford 2-8-P1 (95 mg) and 2-8-P2 (95 mg) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 668.2.2-8-P1 SFC analysis: 100%ee; retention time: 1.121 min; column: Chiralpak AD-3 50×4.6mm I. D., 3um, Ethanol (0.05%DEA) in CO2, 5%to 40%; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 3.0 mL / min. 2-8-P2 SFC analysis: 100%ee; retention time: 1.396 min; column: Chiralpak AD-3 50×4.6mm I.D., 3um, Ethanol (0.05%DEA) in CO2, 5%to 40%; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 3.0 mL / min.
[0183] Step 2: To a mixture of 2-8-P1 (90 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) at 20 ℃, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.5%TFA) =25 / 75) to afford 8. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 468.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.16 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.04-6.98 (m, 1H) , 6.68-6.62 (m, 1H) , 6.01 (s, 1H) , 4.53-4.49 (m, 1H) , 4.43-4.38 (m, 1H) , 4.03-3.93 (m, 2H) , 3.46-3.38 (m, 1H) , 2.48-2.42 (m, 1H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) , 1.98-1.90 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -74.81 (3F) , -118.69 (1F) , -135.39 (1F) .
[0184] Step 2’ : To a mixture of 2-8-P2 (95 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) at 20 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.5%TFA) = 25 / 75) to afford 9. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 468.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.15 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.03-6.97 (m, 1H) , 6.64-6.57 (m, 1H) , 6.00 (s, 1H) , 4.42-4.34 (m, 2H) , 3.99-3.94 (m, 2H) , 3.51-3.44 (m, 1H) , 2.47-2.41 (m, 1H) , 2.33 (s, 3H) , 2.05-1.97 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -74.54 (3F) , -118.74 (1F) , -135.39 (1F) .Example 6. Synthesis of Compound 12
[0185] Step 1: To a solution of 1-2 (120 mg, 0.35 mmol) , DIEA (549 mg, 4.25 mmol) and DMAP (64.8 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) was added 2-methylprop-2-enoyl chloride (370 mg, 3.54 mmol) at RT. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 18 hrs under N2. The reaction mixture was concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 12-1.
[0186] Step 2: To a solution of 12-1 (105 mg, 0.26 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added TBHP (70%solution in water) (100 mg, 0.77 mmol) . Then the reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr.The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 4) to afford 12-2.
[0187] Step 3: To a solution of 12-2 (73 mg, 0.185 mmol) in THF (5 mL) were added (Boc) 2O (403 mg, 1.85 mmol) , TEA (93 mg, 0.92 mmol) and DMAP (45 mg, 0.37 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 24 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 12-3.
[0188] Step 4: To a solution of 12-3 (70 mg, 0.12 mmol) and (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (93.5 mg, 0.35 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (53.8 mg, 0.06 mmol) , BINAP (36.6 mg, 0.06 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (95.8 mg, 0.29 mmol) at RT. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%TFA) , 5-95%, 70 min) to afford 12-4.
[0189] Step 5: To a solution of 12-4 (71 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%TFA) , 5-95%, 70 min) to afford 12. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 480.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 7.40 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.37-7.27 (m, 2H) , 7.06-6.81 (m, 2H) , 6.54-5.52 (m, 3H) , 3.99-3.84 (m, 2H) , 3.36-3.22 (m, 2H) , 2.33 (s, 3H) , 1.94 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -70.97 (3F) , -116.66 (1F) , -133.04 (1F) .Example 7. Synthesis of Compound 14
[0190] Step 1: To a solution of 2-bromo-3-fluoro-4-nitropyridine (10.0 g, 45.3 mmol) in DMA (200 mL) were added DIEA (15 mL, 90.5 mmol) and methyl 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (7.8 g, 67.9 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with H2O and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 1) to afford 14-1.
[0191] Step 2: To a solution of 14-1 (7.0 g, 22.1 mmol) in AcOH (100 mL) was added Fe powder (6.18 g, 110.7 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / methanol = 3 / 1) to afford 14-2.
[0192] Step 3: To a mixture of 14-2 (4 g, 15.7 mmol) in THF (40 mL) were added (BOC) 2O (54 mL, 236 mmol) , TEA (4.4 mL, 31.5 mmol) and DMAP (1.9 g, 15.7 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 4 / 1) to afford 14-3.
[0193] Step 4: To a solution of 14-3 (3.0 g, 6.6 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was added Yb (OTf) 3 (8.2 g, 13.2 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The reaction was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / methanol = 10 / 1) to afford 14-4.
[0194] Step 5: To a solution of 14-4 (3.0 g, 8.5 mmol) in N, N-dimethylmethanamide (60 mL) were added NaH (0.70 g, 16.9 mmol) and SEMCl (3.1 mL, 16.9 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at RT for 12 hrs. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 14-5.
[0195] Step 6: To a solution of 14-5 (3.0 g, 6.2 mmol) and Zn (CN) 2 (2.2 g, 18.6 mmol) in DMA (60 mL) were added Zn powder (0.41 g, 6.2 mmol) , dppf (0.69 g, 1.24 mmol) and Pd2 (dba) 3 (1.13 g, 1.24 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ under N2 atmosphere for 1 hr. The mixture was cooled, diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 14-6.
[0196] Step 7: To a solution of 14-6 (2.5 g, 5.8 mmol) and urea hydrogen peroxide (2.73 g, 29.1 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was added TFAA (4.0 mL, 29.1 mmol) at 0 ℃. Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 6 hrs. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq. Na2SO3 and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford 14-7.
[0197] Step 8: To a solution of 14-7 (1.8 g, 4.0 mmol) in toluene (35 mL) were added bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (4.5 g, 9.7 mmol) and (1E) -N-(trimethylsilyl) -1- [ (trimethylsilyl) oxy] ethanimine (1.64 g, 8.1 mmol) at 20 ℃. Then the mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 2) to afford 14-8.
[0198] Step 9: 14-8 (580 mg, 1.14 mmol) was dissolved into 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol (6 mL) . Then the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 4 / 1) to afford 14-9.
[0199] Step 10: To a solution of 14-9 (360 mg, 0.88 mmol) and prop-2-enoyl chloride (0.36 mL, 4.4 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) were added DMAP (54 mg, 0.44 mmol) and DIEA (0.73 mL, 4.4 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 hr. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 4 / 1) to afford 14-10.
[0200] Step 11: To a solution of 14-10 (160 mg, 0.35 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added TBHP (70%solution in water) (533 mg, 4.14 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 0.5 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 14-11.
[0201] Step 12: To a solution of 14-11 (60 mg, 0.13 mmol) in THF (1 mL) were added DMAP (32.5 mg, 0.27 mmol) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (232 mg, 1.1 mmol) . Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 60℃ for 1 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 4 / 1) to afford 14-12.
[0202] Step 13: To a solution of 14-12 (70 mg, 0.11 mmol) and (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (34 mg, 0.13 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (19.7 mg, 0.021 mmol) , S-phos (13.2 mg, 0.032 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (87.5 mg, 0.27 mmol) . The mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 5 minutes. The mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 0.5 hr. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 14-13.
[0203] Step 14: To a solution of 14-13 (80 mg, 0.096 mmol) in DCM (2.00 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs and then concentrated. The residue was dissolved into ACN (2 mL) , and NH3·H2O (0.2 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at RT for another 0.5 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5%~50%) to afford 14. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 506.4. As a 0.55 TFA salt, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 11.29 (s, 1H) , 7.99 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.39-7.30 (m, 2H) , 7.08-6.99 (m, 1H) , 6.88-6.60 (m, 2H) , 6.51 (s, 1H) , 5.47 (s, 1H) , 2.71-2.59 (m, 2H) , 2.33 (s, 3H) , 1.30-1.20 (m, 2H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.11 (3F) , -116.55 (1F) , -133.01 (1F) .Example 8. Synthesis of Compounds 15 and 16
[0204] Step 1: To a solution of 2-4 (6.0 g, 15.8 mmol) in THF (400 mL) was added dropwise a solution of 1M LiHMDS in THF (63 mL, 63 mmol) at -70 ℃ under N2 and the mixture was stirred at -70 ℃ for 30 minutes. Then CH3I (6.7 g, 47.3 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for another 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl solution and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic lyaer was washed with brine, dried overNa2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 10 / 1) to afford 15-1.
[0205] Step 2: To a solution of 15-1 (1.6 g, 4.0 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added a solution of 2N LDA in THF (4.0 mL, 8.0 mmol) at -70 ℃ under N2 and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Then MeI (1.3 g, 12.1 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at -70 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl solution (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 10 / 1) to afford 15-2.
[0206] Step 3: To a mixture of 15-2 (700 mg, 1.7 mmol) in THF (90 mL) and H2O (30 mL) were added K2OsO4·2H2O (63 mg, 0.17 mmol) and NaIO4 (2.9 g, 13.7 mmol) at 0 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs under N2. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 15-3.
[0207] Step 4: A mixture of 15-3 (800 mg, 1.95 mmol) and NH4OAc (3.0 g, 38.99 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at 40 ℃ for 20 minutes. Then NaBH3CN (21.0 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with water and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 15-4.
[0208] Step 5: To a solution of 15-4 (600 mg, 1.45 mmol) in THF (20 mL) were added (Boc) 2O (413 mg, 1.89 mmol) , TEA (294.0 mg, 2.91 mmol) and DMAP (16.0 mg, 0.14 mmol) at 0 ℃and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with water and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 15-5.
[0209] Step 6: A mixture of 15-5 (200 mg, 0.38 mmol) , (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (150 mg, 0.58 mmol) , S-phos (64.0 mg, 0.16 mmol) , Pd2(dba) 3 (142 mg, 0.16 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (380 mg, 1.16 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr under N2. The mixture was cooled to RT, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 15-6.
[0210] Step 7: 15-6 (160.0 mg) was purified by SFC (column: ChiralPak IG, 150 x 4.6mm I. D., 3μm, EtOH (0.05%DEA) / CO2, 5%to 40%) to afford 15-6-P1 (63.0 mg) and 15-6-P2 (76.0 mg) . 15-6-P1: SFC analysis: 100%ee; retention time: 1.940 min; column: ChiralPak IG-3, 100 x 4.6 mm I. D., 3μm, 5%to 40%of ethanol (0.05%DEA) in CO2; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 2.5 mL / min. 15-6-P2: SFC analysis: 98.4%ee; retention time: 2.161 min; column: ChiralPak IG-3, 100×4.6mm I. D., 3μm, 5%to 40%of ethanol (0.05%DEA) in CO2; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 2.5 mL / min.
[0211] Step 8: To a solution of 15-6-P1 (60.0 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (3 mL) at RT and the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5-95%) to afford 15. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 496.4. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ 7.15 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.06-6.96 (m, 1H) , 6.72-6.61 (m, 1H) , 6.05 (s, 1H) , 4.55-4.36 (m, 2H) , 3.49-3.36 (m, 1H) , 2.52-2.42 (m, 1H) , 2.35 (s, 3H) , 2.03-1.85 (m, 1H) , 1.38 (s, 3H) , 1.31 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ -74.77 (3F) , -118.69 (1F) , -135.38 (1F) .
[0212] Step 8’ : To a solution of 15-6-P2 (73.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (3 mL) at RT and the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5-95%) to give 16. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 496.4. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ 7.15 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.06-6.96 (m, 1H) , 6.67-6.56 (m, 1H) , 6.04 (s, 1H) , 4.41-4.31 (m, 2H) , 3.52-3.42 (m, 1H) , 2.53-2.43 (m, 1H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) , 2.08-1.96 (m, 1H) , 1.35 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 6H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ -74.54 (3F) , -118.75 (1F) , -135.39 (1F) .Example 9. Synthesis of Compound 26
[0213] Step 1: To a mixture of 2, 6-dibromo-3-nitropyridin-4-amine (13 g, 43.8 mmol) in conc. HCl (260 mL) was added sodium nitrite (15.1 g, 218.9 mmol) at 0 ℃ in portions. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was poured into ice water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with water, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (eluting with 0%~15%EtOAc in PE) to afford 26-1.
[0214] Step 2: A mixture of 26-1 (13 g, 41.1 mmol) , methyl 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (2.4 mL, 24.7 mmol) and DIEA (6.8 mL, 41.1 mmol) in NMP (180 mL) was stirred at 75 ℃ for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with water, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (eluting with 0%~10%THF in PE) to afford 26-2.
[0215] Step 3: A mixture of 26-2 (4.0 g, 10.1 mmol) and CuCN (0.80 g, 9.1 mmol) in NMP (80 mL) was stirred at 120 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (eluting with 0%~20%THF in PE) to afford 26-3.
[0216] Step 4: To a solution of 26-3 (3.4 g, 10.0 mmol) in HOAc (20 mL) was added Fe powder (3.3 g, 59.8 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was then cooled, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (eluting with 0%~25%THF in PE) to afford 26-4.
[0217] Step 5: To a solution of 26-4 (1.9 g, 6.8 mmol) and (Boc) 2O (2.35 mL, 10.2 mmol) in THF (50 mL) were added TEA (3.80 mL, 27.2 mmol) and DMAP (0.1 g, 0.68 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (eluting with 0%~15%THF in PE) to afford 26-5.
[0218] Step 6: A solution of 26-5 (600 mg, 1.58 mmol) in 1M borane tetrahydrofuran solution (31.5 mL, 31.5 mmol) was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with MeOH. The resulting mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was cooled and concentrated, and the residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%ammonia in water: 5 to 45%) to afford 26-6.
[0219] Step 7: To a solution of 26-6 (410 mg, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) were added TEA (465 μL, 3.34 mmol) and 1, 3, 5-trichloro-1, 3, 5-triazinane-2, 4, 6-trione (258 mg, 1.1 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dry over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (eluting with 0%~25%THF in PE) to afford 26-7.
[0220] Step 8: To a solution of 26-7 (130 mg, 0.36 mmol) and prop-2-enoyl chloride (387 mg, 4.27 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) were added DMAP (43.5 mg, 0.36 mmol) and DIEA (828 mg, 6.4 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 3 hrs, diluted with H2O and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 26-8.
[0221] Step 9: To a solution of 26-8 (35 mg, 0.083 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added TBHP (70%solution in water) (32.2 mg, 0.250 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 10 minutes. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / water: 5%~95%) to afford 26-9.
[0222] Step 10: To a solution of 26-9 (24 mg, 0.059 mmol) in THF (1 mL) were added DMAP (14.4 mg, 0.12 mmol) and (2-methylprop-2-yl) oxidanecarboxylic anhydride (0.11 mL, 0.47 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 1 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 26-10.
[0223] Step 11: To a solution of 26-10 (28.0 mg, 0.046 mmol) and (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (12.2 mg, 0.046 mmol) in dioxane (2.5 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (8.4 mg, 0.009 mmol) , S-phos (5.7 mg, 0.014 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (37.5 mg, 0.115 mmol) . The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 5 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 26-11.
[0224] Step 12: To a solution of 26-11 (20 mg, 0.025 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) . Then the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5%~60%) to afford 26. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 492.3. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.13 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.02-6.94 (m, 1H) , 6.79-6.70 (m, 1H) , 6.23 (s, 1H) , 6.07 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (s, 2H) , 2.35 (s, 3H) , 0.90-0.81 (m, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -74.29 (3F) , -118.82 (1F) , -135.51 (1F) .Example 10. Synthesis of Compound 27
[0225] Step 1: To a solution of 26-2 (13.6 g, 34.4 mmol) in AcOH (150 mL) was added Fe powder (8 g, 143 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was filtered by SGCC (DCM / MeOH = 5 / 1) to give a crude product. The crude product was triturated with EA / PE (3 / 1) at 25 ℃ for 5 minutes and filtered, and the filter cake was collected and dried to afford 27-1.
[0226] Step 2: To a solution of 27-1 (4.1 g, 11 mmol) , (Boc) 2O (5.1 mL, 22.2 mmol) , TEA (6.93 mL, 49.8 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added DMAP (135.4 mg, 1.1 mmol) at 0 ℃, The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 hrs, quenched with saturated NH4Cl aqueous solution, diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 27-2.
[0227] Step 3: To a solution of 27-2 (4.4 g, 10.2 mmol) and 4-bromobut-1-ene (3.0 mL, 30.5 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) were added LiI (5.85 g, 43.7 mmol) and NaH (1.22 g, 30.5 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 16 hrs, diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with 20%aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 4 / 1) to afford 27-3.
[0228] Step 4: To a solution of 27-3 (2.5 g, 5.13 mmol) in DMF (200 mL) were added Pd (OAc) 2 (172 mg, 0.77 mmol) , PPh3 (403 mg, 1.54 mmol) , AcOK (1.76 g, 18.0 mmol) and oxidane tetraethylammonium chloride (1.88 g, 10.3 mmol) at 20 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr under N2. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with 20%aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 27-4.
[0229] Step 5: To a solution of 27-4 (1.1 g, 2.7 mmol) in THF (50 mL) and H2O (25 mL) were added K2OsO4·2H2O (49.9 mg, 0.14 mmol) and NaIO4 (4.63 g, 21.7 mmol) at 20 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2, diluted with H2O and extracted with DCM / THF (1 / 1) . The combined organic layer was washed with 20%aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 1) to afford 27-5.
[0230] Step 6: To a solution of 27-5 (900 mg, 2.2 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) were added NH4OAc (2.55 g, 33.1 mmol) and NaBH3CN (346 mg, 5.5 mmol) at 20 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 2 hrs, cooled, diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with 20%aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford crude 27-6.
[0231] Step 7: To a mixture of 27-6 (750 mg, 1.83 mmol) in THF (15 mL) were added TEA (0.76 mL, 5.5 mmol) and (Boc) 2O (0.51 mL, 2.2 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hrs and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 27-7.
[0232] Step 8: A mixture of 27-7 (681 mg, 1.34 mmol) , (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (461 mg, 1.74 mmol) , S-phos (220 mg, 0.54 mmol) , Pd2(dba) 3 (490 mg, 0.54 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1.31g, 4.0 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr under N2. The mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EA. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 27-8.
[0233] Step 9: To a solution of 27-8 (70 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (3 mL) at RT. The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%TFA) , 5-95%) to afford 27. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 494.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.47-8.20 (m, 2H) , 7.58-7.45 (m, 1H) , 7.44-7.31 (m, 2H) , 7.05-6.83 (m, 2H) , 5.99-5.88 (m, 1H) , 4.51-4.13 (m, 2H) , 3.45-3.25 (m, 1H) , 2.40-2.25 (m, 4H) , 1.98-1.77 (m, 1H) , 1.31-1.13 (m, 2H) , 0.90-0.73 (m, 2H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.44 (3F) , -116.49 (1F) , -132.87 (1F) .Example 11. Synthesis of Compound 33
[0234] Step 1: To a mixture of 2, 6-dibromo-3-nitropyridin-4-amine (100 g, 337 mmol) and methyl 2-bromo-3-methoxypropanoate (199 g, 1010 mmol) in DMF (4.5 L) was added Cs2CO3 (219 g, 674 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were combined, washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 33-1.
[0235] Steps 2-6: Compound 33-6 was prepared starting from 33-1 by following the procedures for the synthesis of compound 2-5 in example 2.
[0236] Step 7: 33-6 (2.2 g, 5.16 mmol) was purified by prep-SFC (column: ChiralPak IG, 250×30mm I. D., 10μm, Methanol / Supercritical CO2 = 35 / 65) to afford 33-6-P1 (950 mg) . 33-6-P1 (assumed) : SFC analysis: 96.86%ee; retention time: 1.012 min; column: Chiralpak IG-3 100×4.6mm I. D., 3um, Methanol (0.05%DEA) in CO2, 0%to 40%; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 2.5 mL / min.
[0237] Steps 8-10: Compound 33-9 was prepared starting from 33-6-P1 by following the procedures for the synthesis of compound 2-8 in example 2.
[0238] Step 11: 33-9 (400 mg, 0.56 mmol) was purified by prep-SFC (column: Daicel CHIRALPAK ID 250*30 mm, 10μm, IPA / Hexane = 20 / 80) to afford 33-9-P1 (130.8 mg) . 33-9-P1 (assumed) : SFC analysis: 100%ee; retention time: 5.349 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK ID 250*4.6 mm, 10μm, IPA in Hexane, 0%to 20%; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 1 mL / min.
[0239] Step 12: Compound 33 was prepared starting from 33-9-P1 by following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 2 in example 2. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 512.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.33 (s, 2H) , 7.54 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.44-7.33 (m, 2H) , 7.20 (s, 1H) , 6.95-6.85 (m, 1H) , 6.07 (s, 1H) , 4.45-4.38 (m, 1H) , 4.36-4.28 (m, 1H) , 4.17-4.12 (m, 1H) , 3.70-3.63 (m, 1H) , 3.52-3.47 (m, 1H) , 3.38-3.28 (m, 1H) , 3.25 (s, 3H) , 2.38-2.30 (m, 4H) , 1.90-1.76 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.75 (3F) , -116.51 (1F) , -132.81 (1F) .Example 12. Synthesis of Compound 42
[0240] Step 1: To a mixture of 33-9-P1 (35 mg, 0.049 mmol) was added HBr (48%in water) (5 mL) . Then the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 6 hrs. The mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (ACN / 0.05 %FA in water: 5-95%) to afford 42. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 498.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ7.40-7.29 (m, 3H) , 6.94 (s, 1H) , 6.70-6.58 (m, 1H) , 6.00 (s, 1H) , 3.91-3.79 (m, 3H) , 3.64-3.45 (m, 4H) , 2.31 (s, 3H) , 2.08-1.99 (m, 1H) , 1.73-1.64 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.42 (3F) , -116.58 (1F) , -133.01 (1F) .Example 13. Synthesis of Compound 35
[0241] Step 1: To a solution of methyl 2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate hydrochloride (25 g, 147.4 mmol) and DIEA (73.1 mL, 442.2 mmol) in DCM (300 mL) was added TBSCl (44.4 g, 294.8 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 35-1.
[0242] Step 2: To a solution of 2, 6-dibromo-4-chloro-3-nitropyridine (16 g, 50.6 mmol) and 35-1 (13.8 g, 55.8 mmol) in DMA (200 mL) was added K2HPO4 (17.6 g, 101.2 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 12 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 10 / 1) to afford 35-2.
[0243] Steps 3-4: Compound 35-4 was prepared starting from 35-2 by following the procedures for the synthesis of compound 2-2 in example 2.
[0244] Step 5: To a solution of 35-4 (12 g, 18.0 mmol) in DCM (120 mL) and MeCN (10 mL) was added Yb (OTf) 3 (22.4 g, 36.1 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 12 hrs. The mixture was diluted with aq. NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 1) to afford 35-5.
[0245] Steps 6-8: Compound 35-8 was prepared starting from 35-5 by following the procedures for the synthesis of compound 2-5 in example 2.
[0246] Step 9: 35-8 (2.85 g) was purified by prep-SFC (column: ChiralPak IC, 250×30mm I.D., 10μm, Ethanol / CO2 = 30 / 70) to afford 35-8-P1 (1.04 g) . 35-8-P1: SFC analysis: 98.4% ee; retention time: 3.150 min; column: ChiralPak IC-3, 100×4.6mm I. D., 3μm., A for CO2 and B for Ethanol (0.05%DEA) , 5-40%; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 2.5 mL / min.
[0247] Steps 10-13: Compound 35 was prepared starting from 35-8-P1 by following the procedures for the synthesis of compound 2 in example 2. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 512.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 7.43-7.32 (m, 3H) , 6.77 (s, 1H) , 6.70-6.57 (m, 1H) , 5.96 (s, 1H) , 5.01 (brs, 1H) , 3.82-3.72 (m, 2H) , 3.65-3.60 (m, 1H) , 3.58-3.50 (m, 1H) , 3.26-3.22 (m, 1H) , 2.31 (s, 3H) , 2.04-1.98 (m, 1H) , 1.72-1.62 (m, 1H) , 1.18 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.40 (3F) , -116.55 (1F) , -132.98 (1F) .Example 14. Synthesis of Compound 46
[0248] Step 1: To a 0 ℃ solution of 2-5 (1 g, 2.62 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) were added TEA (0.91 mL, 6.54 mmol) and TBSOTf (1.20 mL, 5.23 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 9 / 1) to afford 46-1.
[0249] Step 2: To a solution of 46-1 (1.0 g, 2.01 mmol) in ACN (20 mL) was added Selectfluor (1.07 g, 3.02 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 35 ℃ for 3 hrs. The mixture was diluted with a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 46-2.
[0250] Steps 3-4: Compound 46-4-P2 was prepared starting from 46-2 by following the procedures for the synthesis of compound 2-7 in example 2 and then purified by SGCC (EA / PE = 4 / 6) .
[0251] Step 5: Compound 46-5 was prepared starting from 46-4-P2 by following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 2-8 in example 2.
[0252] Step 6: 46-5 (270 mg) was purified by NPLC (column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IG250*30 mm, 10μm, Hexane / EtOH = 60 / 40) to give 46-5-P1 (120 mg) : SFC analysis: 100%de; retention time: 3.669 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IG 250*4.6 mm, 10μm, A for Hexane and B for EtOH, 40%; flow rate: 1.0 mL / min.
[0253] Step 7: Compound 46 was prepared starting from 46-5-P1 by following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 2 in example 2. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 486.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.67 (brs, 2H) , 7.63 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.45-7.32 (m, 2H) , 7.10 (s, 1H) , 6.94-6.82 (m, 1H) , 6.08 (s, 1H) , 5.55-5.35 (m, 1H) , 4.85-4.62 (m, 2H) , 4.01-3.81 (m, 2H) , 3.65-3.41 (m, 1H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -72.02 (3F) , -116.49 (1F) , -132.82 (1F) , -200.00 (1F) .Example 15. Synthesis of Compound 52
[0254] Step 1: To a 0 ℃ solution of LiAlH4 (8.2 g, 220 mmol) in diethyl ether (150 mL) was dropwise added 2-methylbut-3-enoic acid (20 g, 200 mmol) . After being stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr, the mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O (8.2 mL) at 0 ℃. Then NaOH (10%aq., 8.2 mL) and H2O (24.4 mL) were added. The mixture was filtered and concentrated at 0 ℃ to afford 52-1.
[0255] Step 2: To a solution of 52-1 (29 g, 151 mmol) in DCM (250 mL) were added TEA (44 mL, 318 mmol) and DMAP (2.8 g, 15 mmol) at 0 ℃. Next, TsCl (33.2 g, 174 mmol) was added to the mixture, which was stirred at RT for 3 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 10 / 1) to afford 52-2.
[0256] Step 3: To a solution of 2-2 (10 g, 24 mmol) in DMF (150 mL) were added NaH (2.8 g, 60%) and LiBr (4.2 g, 98 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 hr. Then 52-2 (14.8 g, 61 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was cooled, diluted with H2O and extracted with EA. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 8 / 1) to afford 52-3.
[0257] Steps 4-7: Compound 52-7 was prepared starting from 52-3 by following the procedures for the synthesis of compound 2-7 in example 2.
[0258] Step 8: 52-7 (700 mg, 1.4 mmol) was purified by prep-HPLC (ACN / H2O (0.05%FA) =70 / 30) to afford 52-7-P2 (200 mg) .
[0259] Step 9: Compound 52-8 was prepared starting from 52-7-P2 by following the procedures for the synthesis of compound 2-8 in example 2.
[0260] Step 10: 52-8 (0.2 g, 0.29 mmol) was purified by SFC (column: ChiralPak ID, 250×30mm, 10μm, Hex: EtOH=1: 1 / Supercritical CO2 = 20 / 80) to afford 52-8-P2 (76 mg) .
[0261] Step 11: Compound 52 was prepared starting from 52-8-P2 by following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 2 in example 2. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 482.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.17-7.13 (m, 1H) , 7.04-6.98 (m, 1H) , 6.67-6.60 (m, 1H) , 6.03 (s, 1H) , 4.57-4.53 (m, 1H) , 4.36-4.28 (m, 1H) , 4.00 (s, 2H) , 3.53-3.47 (m, 1H) , 2.65-2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.36 (s, 3H) , 1.01 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -75.12 (3F) , -118.71 (1F) , -135.35 (1F) .Example 16. Synthesis of Compounds 56 and 57
[0262] Step 1: A mixture of 2, 6-dibromo-3-iodopyridin-4-amine (100 g, 265 mmol) , potassium trifluoro (vinyl) -λ5-boranuide (42.5 g, 318 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (19.0 g, 26.5 mmol) and K2CO3 (109.8 g, 794.1 mmol) in dioxane (2 L) and H2O (200 mL) was stirred at 70 ℃ for 16 hrs under N2. H2O (5 L) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EA twice. The combined organic layer was washed with an 20% aqueous solution of NaCl and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layer was filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (EA / PE=1: 1) to afford 56-1.
[0263] Step 2: To a solution of 56-1 (30.00 g, 108 mmol) in ACN (300 mL) and H2O (300 mL) were added K2OsO4·2H2O (2.1 g, 5.4 mmol) and NaIO4 (184.8 g, 864 mmol) at RT. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. H2O (500 mL) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EA twice. The combined organic layer was washed with an 20%aqueous solution of NaCl and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layer was filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (EA / PE=1: 3) to afford 56-2.
[0264] Step 3: To a solution of 56-2 (16.0 g, 57 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added but-3-en-1-ylmagnesium bromide (228.6 mL, 228.64 mmol, 1M in THF) at -78 ℃. The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 hr. An aqueous solution of NH4Cl (150 mL) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EA twice. The combined organic layer was washed with an 20%aqueous solution of NaCl and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layer was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EA / PE=1: 1) to afford 56-3.
[0265] Step 4: To a solution of 56-3 (5.20 g, 15.5 mmol) and DBU (2.82 g, 18.6 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added triphosgene (1.84 g, 6.2 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2. Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hrs under N2. H2O (100 mL) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EA twice. The combined organic layer was washed with an 20%aqueous solution of NaCl and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layer was filtered and concentrated to provide crude 56-4.
[0266] Step 5: To a mixture of 56-4 (2.0 g, 5.53 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) were added NaH (0.78 g, 19.3 mmol) and SEMCl (1.96 mL, 11.1 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. An aqueous solution of NH4Cl (150 mL) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EA twice. The combined organic layer was washed with an 20%aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (EA / PE=1: 4) to afford 56-5.
[0267] Step 6: To a mixture of 56-5 (2.0 g, 4.1 mmol) and (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (1.19 g, 4.5 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (374 mg, 0.41 mmol) , xantphos (472 mg, 0.82 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (3.32 g, 10.2 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr under N2. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 56-6.
[0268] Step 7: To a solution of 56-6 (730 mg, 1.08 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) were added Pd(OAc) 2 (48.6 mg, 0.22 mmol) , PPh3 (85.1 mg, 0.32 mmol) and K3PO4 (459.0 mg, 2.16 mmol. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr under N2. H2O (100 mL) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EA twice. The combined organic layer was washed with an 20%aqueous solution of NaCl and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layer was filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (EA / PE=1: 10) to afford 56-7.
[0269] Step 8: To a solution of 56-7 (250 mg, 0.420 mmol) in ACN (14 mL) and H2O (14 mL) were added NaIO4 (0.72 g, 3.36 mmol) and K2OsO4·2H2O (15.50 mg, 0.04 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at RT for 1.5 hrs. H2O (50 mL) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EA twice. The combined organic layer was washed with an 20%aqueous solution of NaCl and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layer was filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (EA / PE=1: 3) to afford 56-8.
[0270] Step 9: 56-8 (100 mg) was purified by NPLC (column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IC 250*30 mm, 10μm, Hexane / EtOH = 60 / 40) to afford 56-8-P1 (37.7 mg) and 56-8-P2 (37.0 mg) , respectively. 56-8-P1: SFC analysis: 100%de; retention time: 3.918 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IC 250*4.6 mm, 10μm, A for Hexane and B for EtOH, 40%; flow rate: 1.0 mL / min. 56-8-P2: SFC analysis: 100%de; retention time: 4.913 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IC 250*4.6 mm, 10μm, A for Hexane and B for EtOH, 40%; flow rate: 1.0 mL / min.
[0271] Step 10: To a solution of 56-8-P1 (20 mg, 0.033 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added NH4OAc (38.7 mg, 0.50 mmol) at RT and the mixture was stirred at RT for 30 mins. Then NaBH3CN (10.5 mg, 0.17 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with H2O (20 mL) . The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with 20%aqueous solution of NaCl and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layer was filtered and concentrated to afford crude 56-9, which was used directly in the next step.
[0272] Step 11: To a solution of 56-9 (20 mg, 0.033 mmol) in THF (5 mL) were added (Boc) 2O (36.5 mg, 0.167 mmol) and DIEA (8.6 mg, 0.067 mmol) . Then the reaction was stirred at RT for 18 hrs under N2. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EA / PE=1: 2) to afford 56-10.
[0273] Step 12: To a solution of 56-10 (15 mg, 0.021 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs under N2. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was added into ACN (2 mL) . To the reaction mixture was added NH4OH (0.1 mL) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 30 mins. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%FA) = 5-95%) to afford 56. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 469.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ 7.20-7.10 (m, 1H) , 7.07-6.95 (m, 1H) , 6.78-6.66 (m, 1H) , 6.21 (s, 1H) , 5.37-5.22 (m, 1H) , 4.21-4.07 (m, 1H) , 2.49-2.37 (m, 2H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) , 2.03-1.90 (m, 1H) , 1.81-1.65 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ -74.60 (3F) , -118.64 (1F) , -135.42 (1F) .
[0274] Steps 10’ -12’ : Compound 57 was prepared starting from 56-8-P2 by following the procedure of the synthesis of compound 56 in this example. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 469.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ 7.22-7.12 (m, 1H) , 7.06-6.96 (m, 1H) , 6.79-6.65 (m, 1H) , 6.20 (s, 1H) , 5.41-5.27 (m, 1H) , 4.22-4.04 (m, 1H) , 2.53-2.39 (m, 2H) , 2.35 (s, 3H) , 2.01-1.85 (m, 1H) , 1.84-1.69 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ -74.51 (3F) , -118.66 (1F) , -135.35 (1F) .Example 17. Synthesis of Compounds 62 and 63
[0275] Step 1: To a solution of 1- (3, 5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl) ethan-1-one (25.0 g, 145.24 mmol) in EtOAc (400 mL) was added CuBr2 (71.4 g, 319.5 mmol) at 0 ℃ and the reaction mixture was allowed to be stirred at 85 ℃ for 16 hrs under N2. After being cooled to RT, to the mixture was added sat. aq. NH4Cl solution and the suspension was filtered. The filtrate was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 62-1.
[0276] Step 2: To a solution of 62-1 (5.0 g, 19.92 mmol) in MeCN (100 mL) was added TEA (6.0 g, 59.74 mmol) at 0 ℃ and the reaction was allowed to be stirred at RT for 1 hr under N2. After being quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (200 mL) , the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 62-2.
[0277] Step 3: At 0 ℃, to a solution of 62-2 (4.0 g, 23.51 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) was added dropwise POCl3 (7.2 g, 47.0 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 1 hr. After being diluted with EtOAc (200 mL) , the mixture was washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution, water and brine, and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc / PE = 1: 4) to afford 62-3.
[0278] Step 4: To a solution of 62-3 (1.0 g, 4.62 mmol) and (S) - (-) -2-Methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (671.6 mg, 5.54 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (2.25 g, 6.93 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. The insoluble material was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 8 / 1) to afford 62-4.
[0279] Step 5: To a solution of 62-4 (0.50 g, 1.56 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added TBAT (1.0 g, 1.88 mmol) at -60 ℃ and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr at this temperature. Then a solution of TMSCF3 (0.89 g, 6.26 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added dropwise at -60 ℃ and the resulting mixture was stirred at -30 ℃ for 30 mins. After being quenched with saturated aq.NH4Cl (40 mL) at 0 ℃, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 10 / 1) to afford 62-5.
[0280] Step 6: To a solution of 62-5 (0.20 g, 0.51 mmol) in EtOAc (10 mL) was added 4M HCl in 1, 4-dioxane (2 mL) at 0 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. The suspension was basified with ammonia and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EA = 4 / 1) to afford 62-6.
[0281] Step 7: To a mixture of 62-6 (88.6 mg, 0.31 mmol) and 2-7 (100.0 mg, 0.21 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (20 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (81.5 mg, 0.089 mmol) , xantphos (59.9 mg, 0.10 mmol) and K2CO3 (85.8 mg, 0.62 mmol) under N2 and the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. After being cooled to RT, water (40 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EA = 8 / 1) to afford 62-7.
[0282] Step 8: 62-7 (100.0 mg) was purified by prep-SFC (column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IB 250 x 30 mm, 10 μm, 0.2%NH3. MeOH in HEX / 0.2%NH3. MeOH in IPA = 80 / 20) to give 62-7-P1 (31.0 mg) and 62-7-P2 (31.1 mg) , respectively. 62-7-P1: SFC analysis: 100%de; retention time: 6.214 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IB 250 x 4.6 mm, 10 μm, A for 0.2%DEA in HEX and B for 0.2%DEA in IPA, 20%; flow rate: 1.0 mL / min. 62-7-P2: SFC analysis: 100%de; retention time: 9.157 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IB 250 x 4.6 mm, 10 μm, A for 0.2%DEA in HEX and B for 0.2%DEA in IPA, 20%; flow rate: 1.0 mL / min.
[0283] Step 9: To a solution of 62-7-P1 (30.0 mg, 0.044 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) was added TFA (3 mL) and the reaction was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water = 5%to 95%) to afford 62. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 488.0. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ8.40-8.30 (m, 2H) , 7.65 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.60-7.50 (m, 1H) , 7.45-7.40 (m, 1H) , 7.10-7.00 (m, 2H) , 6.03 (s, 1H) , 4.40-4.30 (m, 2H) , 3.95-3.80 (m, 2H) , 3.40-3.25 (m, 1H) , 2.40-2.30 (m, 1H) , 1.95-1.78 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.53 (3F) , -113.83 (1F) , -132.01 (1F) .
[0284] Step 9’ : Compound 63 was prepared starting from 62-7-P2 by following the procedure of the synthesis of compound 62 in this example. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 488.0. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.40-8.30 (m, 2H) , 7.65-7.50 (m, 2H) , 7.45-7.35 (m, 1H) , 7.15-6.95 (m, 2H) , 6.03 (s, 1H) , 4.35-4.15 (m, 2H) , 3.95-3.80 (m, 2H) , 3.45-3.35 (m, 1H) , 2.35-2.25 (m, 1H) , 2.00-1.85 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.06 (3F) , -113.85 (1F) , -132.08 (1F) .Example 18. Synthesis of Compound 81
[0285] Step 1: To a mixture of 2-2 (300 mg, 0.74 mmol) and 3-bromoprop-1-ene (0.19 mL, 2.21 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) were added LiI (424 mg, 3.17 mmol) and NaH (88 mg, 2.21 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 4 / 1) to afford 81-1.
[0286] Step 2: To a mixture of 81-1 (220 mg, 0.49 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and H2O (10 mL) were added bis (oxidane) dipotassium dioxidodioxo-λ6-osmium (VI) (18 mg, 0.05 mmol) and sodium periodate (842 mg, 3.94 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr.The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =4 / 1) to afford 81-2.
[0287] Step 3: To a mixture of 81-2 (150 mg, 0.334 mmol) and 2-methylpropan-2-yl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate (69 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) were added HOAc (0.02 mL, 0.334 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (212 mg, 1.0 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The mixture was concentrated to afford crude 81-3.
[0288] Step 4: To a mixture of 81-3 (150 mg, 0.25 mmol) in ACN (8 mL) was added K2CO3 (68.5 mg, 0.496 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 1) to afford 81-4.
[0289] Step 5: To a mixture of 81-4 (75 mg, 0.14 mmol) and (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (38 mg, 0.14 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (26.2 mg, 0.03 mmol) , S-phos (17.6 mg, 0.043 mmol) and K2CO3 (59.3 mg, 0.429 mmol) under N2. Then the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 3 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 1) to afford 81-5.
[0290] Step 6: To a mixture of 81-5 (80 mg, 0.113 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (5 mL, 0.007 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (ACN / 0.05 %FA in water: 5-95%, keep on 35%) to afford 81. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 509.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Deuterium Oxide, ppm) : 7.08-7.02 (m, 1H) , 6.93-6.85 (m, 1H) , 5.78-5.69 (m, 1H) , 5.52-5.39 (m, 1H) , 4.62-4.50 (m, 1H) , 4.38-4.21 (m, 2H) , 4.19-3.96 (m, 3H) , 3.60-3.52 (m, 1H) , 3.49-3.32 (m, 3H) , 3.10-3.01 (m, 1H) , 2.25-2.13 (m, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Deuterium Oxide, ppm) : δ -72.80 (3F) , -117.25 (1F) , -133.75 (1F) .Example 19. Synthesis of Compounds 82 and 83
[0291] Step 1: To a solution of 2-5 (2 g, 5.2 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (80 mL) were added TEA (2.2 mL, 15.7 mmol) and TBSOTf (3.0 mL, 13.1 mmol) at 0 ℃. Then the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃for 1 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum, the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 9 / 1, 1%TEA) to afford 82-1.
[0292] Step 2: To a solution of m-CPBA (613.4 mg, 3.0 mmol) and NaHCO3 (338.4 mg, 4.0 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (50 mL) was added 82-1 (1.0 g, 2.0 mmol) at 0 ℃. Then the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with aq. Na2CO3 (50 mL) and the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford crude 82-2 which was used directly in the next step.
[0293] Step 3: To a solution of 82-2 (1.0 g, 1.95 mmol) and NH2OH·HCl (1.4 g, 19.5 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL) was added NaOAc (1.6 g, 19.5 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 12 hrs. The mixture was filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / water: 5-95%, keep on 45%) to afford 82-3.
[0294] Step 4: To a solution of 82-3 (310 mg, 0.75 mmol) in AcOH (30 mL) was added Zn powder (490 mg, 7.50 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was filtered and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7 by addition of aq. NaHCO3. Then the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford 82-4.
[0295] Step 5: To a solution of 82-4 (299 mg, 0.75 mmol) in THF (40 mL) were added (Boc) 2O (1.72 mL, 7.50 mmol) and TEA (0.52 mL, 3.75 mmol) at RT. Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / water: 5-95%, keep on 65%) to afford 82-5.
[0296] Step 6: To a solution of 82-5 (110 mg, 0.22 mmol) in MeI (10 mL) was added disilver oxide (1.5 g, 6.6 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 82-6.
[0297] Step 7: To a solution of 82-6 (60 mg, 0.12 mmol) and (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (47 mg, 0.18 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) were added S-phos (48.0 mg, 0.12 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (53.5 mg, 0.058 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (114.2 mg, 0.35 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ under N2 atmosphere for 2 hrs. The mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 4 / 1) to afford 82-7.
[0298] Step 8: 82-7 (72 mg) was purified by WATERS SFC (column: Daicel CHIRALPAK ID 250*30 mm, 10μm, ethanol / CO2 = 20 / 80) to afford 82-7-P1 (31.2 mg) and 82-7-P2 (30.9 mg) , respectively. 82-7-P1: SFC analysis: 100%ee; retention time: 3.76 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK ID 250*4.6 mm, 5μm., A for CO2 and B for Ethanol, 20%; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 3.0 mL / min. 82-7-P2: SFC analysis: 99.3%ee; retention time: 6.19 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK ID 250*4.6 mm, 5μm., A for CO2 and B for Ethanol, 20%; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 3.0 mL / min.
[0299] Step 9: To a solution of 82-7-P1 (31 mg, 0.044 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 mL) was added TFA (1 mL, 0.043 mmol) at RT. And the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5-95%, keep on 65%) to afford 82. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 498.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.36 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.57 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.45-7.33 (m, 2H) , 7.01 (s, 1H) , 6.94-6.82 (m, 1H) , 6.04 (s, 1H) , 4.78-4.73 (m, 1H) , 4.65-4.55 (m, 1H) , 4.07-4.03 (m, 1H) , 3.96-3.84 (m, 2H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 3.26 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.33 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -72.02 (3F) , -116.51 (1F) , -132.81 (1F) .
[0300] Step 9’ : To a solution of 82-7-P2 (30 mg, 0.043 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 mL) was added TFA (1 mL, 0.043 mmol) at RT. And the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5-95%, keep on 65%) to afford 83. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 498.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.29 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.48 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.43-7.31 (m, 2H) , 7.04 (s, 1H) , 6.95-6.85 (m, 1H) , 6.02 (s, 1H) , 4.73-4.65 (m, 1H) , 4.55-4.47 (m, 1H) , 4.05-4.00 (m, 1H) , 3.89 (s, 2H) , 3.36 (s, 3H) , 3.30-3.23 (m, 1H) , 2.31 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.17 (3F) , -116.52 (1F) , -132.93 (1F) .Example 20. Synthesis of Compound 84
[0301] Step 1: A mixture of 2-4 (200 mg, 0.52 mmol) , a-6 (209 mg, 0.78 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (48 mg, 0.05 mmol) , S-phos (21 mg, 0.05 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (427 mg, 1.31 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 5 hrs. After being cooled to RT, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EA = 3 / 1) to afford 84-1.
[0302] Step 2: To a solution of 84-1 (200 mg, 0.35 mmol) in THF (20 mL) and H2O (5 mL) were added NaIO4 (751 mg, 3.54 mmol) and K2OsO4 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%TFA) , 5-95%) to afford 84-2.
[0303] Step 3: A mixture of 84-2 (150 mg, 0.26 mmol) , 2-methylpropan-2-yl piperazine-1-carboxylate (493 mg, 2.64 mmol) , HOAc (0.05 mL) and sodium cyanoboranuide (218 mg, 3.53 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (50%EtOAc in PE) to afford 84-3.
[0304] Step 4: To a solution of 84-3 (20 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (3 mL) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN in water: 5%-95%) to afford 84. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 537.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ 7.27-7.17 (m, 1H) , 7.14-7.02 (m, 1H) , 6.15-6.00 (m, 2H) , 4.60-4.45 (m, 1H) , 4.21-3.99 (m, 3H) , 3.44-3.31 (m, 5H) , 2.95-2.75 (m, 4H) , 2.39 (s, 3H) , 2.28-2.16 (m, 1H) , 2.07-1.93 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ -74.79 (3F) , -117.75 (1F) , -135.00 (1F) .Example 21. Synthesis of Compound 87
[0305] Step 1: To a solution of Mg turnings (1.0 g, 41.16 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added iodine (95 mg, 0.374 mmol) . The mixture was stirred in an oil bath. After the internal temperature rised to 65 ℃, 1, 2-dibromoethane (0.032 mL, 0.374 mmol) was added. Once the solution faded, 4-chloro-1-methylhexahydropyridine (5.0 g, 37.42 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was added dropwise. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at 65 ℃ for another 0.5 hr. Then the mixture was cooled to RT and the solution containing 87-1 was used directly in the next step.
[0306] Step 2: To a stirred -78 ℃ solution of 2-5 (500 mg, 1.31 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was dropwise added 87-1 (10.47 mL, 0.5 M in THF) . The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 0.5 hr. The mixture was diluted with a saturated aqueous solution of NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5%~40%) to afford 87-2.
[0307] Step 3: To a solution of 87-2 (450 mg, 0.935 mmol) in toluene (12 mL) was added p-toluenesulfonic acid (10.8 mg, 0.063 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 4 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5%~30%) to afford 87-3.
[0308] Step 4: To a solution of 87-3 (300 mg, 0.826 mmol) in THF (20 mL) were added DIEA (0.682 mL, 4.13 mmol) , DMAP (20 mg, 0.165 mmol) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (540.73 mg, 2.45 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 10 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH = 15 / 1) to afford 87-4.
[0309] Step 5: To a solution of 87-4 (300 mg, 0.65 mmol) and (R) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (172 mg, 0.65 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (88.9 mg, 0.097 mmol) , S-phos (53.2 mg, 0.129 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (527.4 mg, 1.62 mmol) . The mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 5 mins. Then the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 2) to afford 87-5.
[0310] Step 6: A mixture of 87-5 (70 mg, 0.11 mmol) and platinum dioxide (25 mg, 0.11 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred under 1 atm H2 at RT for 10 hrs. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford crude 87-6 which was used directly in the next step.
[0311] Step 7: To a solution of 87-6 (60 mg, 0.092 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) . Then the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water: 5%~30%) to afford 87. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 550.4. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H) , 7.10-7.02 (m, 1H) , 6.13-6.00 (m, 2H) , 4.18-4.00 (m, 3H) , 3.70-3.45 (m, 3H) , 3.00-2.72 (m, 6H) , 2.38-2.32 (m, 3H) , 2.21-2.12 (m, 1H) , 2.09-1.73 (m, 5H) , 1.65-1.50 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -74.76 (3F) , -117.88 (1F) , -134.99 (1F) .
[0312] Table 1 below shows characterization of some exemplary compounds of the present disclosure.Table 1. Characterization of some exemplary compounds of the present disclosure Biological Example A: In vitro kinase inhibition assay
[0313] PI3Ka_E545K kinase phosphorylates the substrate PIP2 to PIP3 using ATP, with ATP being converted to ADP during the reaction. ATP-depletion reagent is added to terminate the reaction resulting in only ADP but not ATP remaining in reaction mixture. To quantitate the amount of ADP, ADP-Glo kit (Promega) is used to detect the amount of ADP utilizing the coupled luciferase / luciferin reaction.Assay procedure
[0314] One microliter of test compounds dissolved in 5%DMSO at various concentrations were dispensed into a 384-well plate. Recombinant PI3Ka_E545K (Carna Biosciences) in assay buffer (2 ul in 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, 3 mM MgCl2, 5 mM DTT and 0.03%CHAPS) was added to the compound-containing plate and was incubated for 1 hour at 25℃. A substrate solution in assay buffer (2 ul in 0.025 mg / mL PIP2: 3PS, 100 uM ATP) was then added to start the reaction. The reaction mixture was incubated at 25℃ for one hour. Five microliters of ADP-Glo Reagent (Promega) was added to each well and incubated at RT for one hour. Then, 10 ul of Kinase Detection Reagent was added and incubated at RT for one hour. Luciferase activity of each well was measured via luminescence on the Microplate reader (Tecan Spark) .Data analysis
[0315] Inhibition rate (IR) of the tested compounds was determined by the following formula: IR (%) = (average High control –compound well) / (average High control -average Low control) *100%. Compound IC50 was determined by fitting the non-linear regression equation: Y=Bottom + (Top-Bottom) / (1+10^ ( (LogIC50-X) *HillSlope) ) . X: Log of compound concentration; Y: Inhibition rate (IR) ; Top and Bottom: Plateaus in same units as Y; logIC50: same log units as X; HillSlope: Slope factor or Hill slope.Reagents and materials
[0316] Table 2 shows IC50 values measured and calculated according to this biological example.Table 2. PI3Ka_E545K kinase assay IC50 (nM) (A: <100 nM; B: 100 nM-1 μM; C: >1 μM) Biological Example B: Cell proliferation assay in MCF-7 cell linesAssay procedure
[0317] The breast cancer cells MCF-7PI3KD_E545K (obtained from ATCC) were cultured in a 37℃ incubator with 5%CO2 and 100%relative humidity. The cells were routinely sub-cultured to maintain exponential growth. Each cell assay plate well was plated with 600 cells in 100 μL suspension with culture media. Cells were incubated overnight before compounds were added to each well. Compounds were prepared as 10 mM stock solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) . Serial dilution was made in DMSO in a 200X stock plates. 0.5 μL of the 200X compound solution was added to each cell well of the cell assay plate. The final DMSO concentration was 0.5%in each well. High control wells were 0.5%DMSO with media added to the cells and low control wells are media only added the wells in the plate. The cell assay plate was incubated for 6 days. Cell viability assay was performed according to the Cell Viability Assay Kit.Data analysis
[0318] Inhibition rate (IR) of the tested compounds was determined by the following formula: IR (%) = (average High control –compound well) / (average High control -average Low control) *100%. Compound IC50 was calculated using non-linear regression equation:Y=Bottom + (Top-Bottom) / (1+10^ ( (LogIC50-X) *HillSlope) ) . X: Log of cpd concentration;Y: Inhibition rate (IR) ; Top and Bottom: Plateaus in same units as Y; logIC50: same log units as X; HillSlope: Slope factor or Hill slope.Reagents and materials
[0319] Table 3 shows IC50 values measured and calculated according to this biological example. Table 3. Inhibition of cancer cell growth of representative compounds in MCF-7 PI3KD_E545K cells (IC50) [A: < 300 nM; B: 300 nM –3 μM; C: > 3 μM] Biological Example C: Cell proliferation assay in different cell lines
[0320] Medium and reagents used in this study are listed in the following table. Experimental Methods and Procedures
[0321] The lung carcinoma cells NCI-H1048 and breast cancer cells SK-BR-3 (obtained from ATCC) were cultured in a 37℃ incubator with 5%CO2 and 100%relative humidity. The cells were routinely sub-cultured to maintain exponential growth. Between 1000 to 1500 cells were plated to each well of the cell assay plate in 100 μL suspension. Cells were incubated before compounds were added to each well. Compounds were prepared as 10 mM stock solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) . Serial dilution was made in DMSO in a 200X compound stock plates. The compound stock solution (0.5 uL) was added to each well of the cell assay plate. The final DMSO concentration was 0.5%in each well. The cell assay plate was incubated for 6 days. Cell viability assay was performed according to the Bio-Pro Luminescent Assay Kit.Data analysis
[0322] Inhibition rate (IR) of the tested compounds was determined by the following formula: IR (%) = (average High control –compound well) / (average High control -average Low control) *100%. Compound IC50 was determined by fitting the non-linear regression equation: Y=Bottom + (Top-Bottom) / (1+10^ ( (LogIC50-X) *HillSlope) ) . X: Log of compound concentration; Y: Inhibition rate (IR) ; Top and Bottom: Plateaus in same units as Y; logIC50: same log units as X; HillSlope: Slope factor or Hill slope.
[0323] Table 4-5 show IC50 values measured and calculated according to this biological example. Table 4. Inhibition of cancer cell growth of representative compounds in NCI-H1048 cells (IC50) [A: < 100 nM; B: 100 nM –1 μM; C: > 1 μM] Table 5. Inhibition of Cancer Cell Growth of Representative Compounds in SK-BR-3 cells (IC50) [A: < 300 nM; B: 300 nM –3 μM; C: > 3 μM] Biological Example D: Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) Induction Assay
[0324] CYP induction was to determine whether the test article is an inducer of the major CYP enzymes. Compounds which are an inducer of major CYP enzymes can be limited in use for certain patients because of potential interference with other drugs such patients are also taking. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were incubated with the test article in duplicates for 72 h. Enzyme activity and mRNA expression of CYP1A2, 2B6, and 3A4 were determined to evaluate the induction potential on these isozymes.Induction Procedure
[0325] Cryopreserved human primary hepatocytes were resurrected in collagen I-precoated 96-wells plates, with Matirgel media at 37℃ in a humidified incubator with 5%CO2.
[0326] The resurrected human hepatocytes were then treated with the test article with a series of concentrations, together with control groups treated with positive 1A2 inducer omeprazole at 100uM, 2B6 inducer pentobarbital at 1000 uM, and 3A4 inducer rifampicin at 20uM, respectively. The media were replaced by drug-containing media (freshly prepared in the same way) every 24h for a 72h period. The medium containing 0.1%DMSO with was used for negative control group.CYP Enzyme Activity
[0327] At the end of the 72h treatment period, the cells were incubated with 100μL media containing probe substrates of CYP1A2 (phenacetin, 100μM) , CYP2B6 (bupropion, 100μM) , and CYP3A4 (testosterone, 200μM) in the 37 ℃ CO2 incubator for 60min. Each incubation sample was processed for LCMS quantitation of metabolites of probe substrates (acetaminophen, hydroxybupropion, and 6β-hydroxytestosterone) , respectively.
[0328] Fold-change of CYP enzyme activity = Peak area ratio of major metabolite of CYP probe substrate (test article treated) / Mean peak area ratio of major metabolite of CYP probe substrate (vehicle treated, negative control) CYP mRNA Expression
[0329] At the end of the 72h treatment, total RNA was prepared using an RNAprep pure Cell / Bacteria Kit with DNase I treatment, and reverse transcription was performed using 0.2 μg of RNA and the FastQuant RT Kit (With gDNase) . Relative quantification of CYP1A2, 2B6, and 3A4 mRNA was performed on a Real-Time PCR system.
[0330] The CYP mRNA levels were normalized to the expression of an endogenous reference β-actin. The fold-change of CYP mRNA level and %positive control were calculated by the following formulas: In both test article group and negative control group,ΔCt = Ct of target gene –Ct of β-actin.ΔΔCt = ΔCt, test article treated –ΔCt, negative controlFold-change of CYP mRNA level =2-ΔΔCt where Ct is the cycle threshold or the number of cycles at which the fluorescent signal meets or exceeds the threshold (i.e., background level) .
[0331] Table 6 shows CYP induction data of representative compounds measured and calculated according to this biological example.Table 6. CYP induction data of representative compounds. Biological Example E: Solubility Assay
[0332] The objective of this study was to assess the kinetic solubility of the test compounds in FaSSIF and FaSSGF. An 8 μL aliquot of each test compound (stock solution 10 mM in DMSO) was mixed with 792 μL of either FaSSIF or FaSSGF. The samples were then incubated at RT for 1 hour with shaking at 1000 rpm. Subsequently, the samples were centrifuged, and the supernatants were analyzed using LC-MS / MS.
[0333] Table 7 shows solubility data of representative compounds measured and calculated according to this biological example.Table 7. Solubility data of representative compounds. Biological Example F: Mouse PK assay
[0334] This study measured pharmacokinetic profiles of compounds following a single oral dose in male BALB / c mouse. Each tested compound was prepared at 0.1 mg / ml in the formulation (clear solution) , and administered at a dose of 30mg / kg to 3 male mice with body weight ~18g (Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd) . Blood samples (0.02 mL) were collected at 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24h after compound administration.
[0335] The collected blood samples were centrifuged to prepare plasma samples, which were then frozen at -70 ℃ until analysis. The plasma samples were mixed with ACN solution containing internal standards and vortexed for 5min. The supernatant of the mixture obtained by centrifuging at 14000 rpm at 4 ℃ for 10min were injected to LC-MS / MS for plasma concentration determination.
[0336] The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using standard noncompartmental methods with Phoenix WinNonLin Professional Version 8.1. The calculated parameters included terminal half-life (T1 / 2) , area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) , Tmax, Cmax, and other parameters.
[0337] Table 8 shows mouse PK data of representative compounds measured and calculated according to this biological example.Table 8. Mouse PK data of representative compounds. Biological Example G: Mouse in vivo efficacy StudyCAL-33 in vivo efficacy studies
[0338] All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the standard operating procedures of InventisBio Co., Ltd. for animal study and handling.
[0339] The CAL-33 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells were maintained in vitro as monolayer cultured in DMEM medium (supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum) . All cells were grown at 37 ℃ in an atmosphere of 5 %CO2 in the incubator. The cells were sub-cultured twice weekly by trypsin-EDTA treatment. The cells growing in an exponential growth phase were harvested and counted for tumor inoculation.
[0340] For in vivo efficacy studies in CAL-33 xenograft models, 6-8 weeks old female immune-deficient Balb / c nude mice (Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd., China) were used for inoculation. Each mouse was inoculated subcutaneously at the flank with 5 x 106 tumor cells in 0.2 ml of PBS.
[0341] Tumor volume was calculated by measuring two perpendicular diameters using the following formula: (L x w 2) / 2 in which L and w refer to the length and width tumor diameter, respectively.
[0342] Exemplary compounds have been tested in this model and were found to inhibit tumor growth (see Fig. 1) .
[0343] The Summary and Abstract sections may set forth one or more but not all exemplary embodiments of the present invention as contemplated by the inventor (s) , and thus, are not intended to limit the present invention and the appended claims in any way.
[0344] The present invention has been described above with the aid of functional building blocks illustrating the implementation of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed.
[0345] With respect to aspects of the invention described as a genus, all individual species are individually considered separate aspects of the invention. If aspects of the invention are described as "comprising" a feature, embodiments also are contemplated "consisting of” or "consisting essentially of” the feature.
[0346] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the invention that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, readily modify and / or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present invention. Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance.
[0347] The breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.
[0348] All of the various aspects, embodiments, and options described herein can be combined in any and all variations.
[0349] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein:X is N or CRa, wherein Ra is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;R1 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;R2 is an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heterocyclyl, or an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl;R3 is H or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl;R4 is null, H or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl;Y is N, C, or CRb, wherein Rb is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;Ring A is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring; preferably, an optionally substituted 6-7 membered heterocyclic ring or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring; andRing B is an optionally substituted 5-7 membered ring; preferably, an optionally substituted phenyl ring, an optionally substituted 6-7 membered heterocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring.2.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-a: wherein Z1 is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -CR11R11’-, Z2 is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -CR12R12’-, Z3 is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -CR13R13’-, and Z4 is =CR14-, -CR14R14’-, =N-, or -NR15-, wherein R11, R11’, R12, R12’, R13, R13’, R14, and R14’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; and R15 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl.3.The compound of claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-a-1 or I-a-2: wherein in Formula I-a-1, Z4 is -CR14R14’-or -NR15-, and in Formula I-a-2, Z4 is =CR14-or =N-.4.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-b or I-c: wherein R21, R21’, R22 and R22’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; or R21 and R21’, or R22 and R22’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;Z5 is N or CR23, wherein R23 is hydrogen, halogen, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl;R24 is O-R24a or NR24bR24c, wherein R24a, R24b, and R24c are each independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;R25, R25’, R26 and R26’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; orR25 and R25’, or R26 and R26’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;R27, R27’, R28 and R28’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl; orR27 and R27’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring; orR28 is H or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, and R28’ is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, or -O- (an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl) ; orR28 and R28’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring; orR27’ and R28’, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;R29 is O-R29a or NR29bR29c, wherein R29a, R29b, and R29c are each independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; orR29 is an optionally substituted heterocyclyl; andR29’ is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl.5.The compound of claim 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-b-1, I-b-2, I-c-1, or I-c-2: 6.The compound of claim 4 or 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A: 7.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-d: wherein R31, R31’, R32 and R32’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; orR31 and R31’, or R32 and R32’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;R33 and R34 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl;R35 is O-R35a or NR35bR35c, wherein R35a, R35b, and R35c are each independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl.8.The compound of claim 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-d-1: 9.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is N.10.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is CRa, and Ra is H, F, Cl, CN, CH3, CHF2, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2, OCF3, CH2CH3, OCH2CH3, CH (CH3) 2, or cyclopropyl.11.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is CH.12.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is selected from C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with F, C2-4 alkynyl optionally substituted with F, C3-5 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with methyl and / or F, preferably, R1 is CF3, acetenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, or t-butyl.13.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is CF3, isopropyl, or cyclopropyl.14.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is CF3.15.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein the heteroaryl contains one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, and is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, OH, NH2, CN, CH3, CH2CH3, OCH3, OCH2CH3, CH (CH3) 2, acetenyl, and cyclopropyl.16.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is wherein RA is CN, halogen (such as F or Cl) , C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl or ethyl) , O-C1-3 alkyl (such as -OCH3) , or C2-4 alkynyl (such as ) , RC is halogen (such as F or Cl) or C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl) , and RE is H, halogen (such as F, Cl, or Br) , CN, C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl or ethyl) , C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl (such as ) , O-C1-3 alkyl (such as -OCH3) , or C3-4 cycloalkyl (such as cyclopropyl) ; preferably, R2 is selected from: 17.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is or R2 is 18.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the carbon connecting R1 and R2 in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in 19.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is H.20.The compound of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is H.21.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, Ring A is a 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing one or two ring nitrogen atoms, where the heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with one or more substitutents each independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl (such as CH3) , fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl (such as CH2F) , hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl (such as CH2OH) , C3-4 cycloalkyl, OH, O-C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 haloalkyl, NH2, NH-C1-4 alkyl, N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-4 alkyl) , C3-4 cycloalkyl, and 4-5 membered heterocyclyl (such as ) , or two substituents of one carbon on the heterocyclic ring, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring (such as ) , wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen, and / or C1-4 alkyl.22.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 9-21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, Y is C and Ring B is a phenyl ring which is optionally substituted with halogen, CN, C1-4 alkyl, OH, O-C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkylene-OH, NH2, NH-C1-4 alkyl and / or N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-4 alkyl) , wherein each of the C1-4 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from F or OH; preferably, the phenyl ring is substituted with a NH2 group and optionally further substituted with one or more of the foregoing independently selected substituents.23.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 9-21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, Ring B is a 6-7 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or two ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, where the heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with one or more substitutents each independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, oxo, OH, O-C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkylene-OH (such as CH2OH) , NH2, NH-C1-4 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-4 alkyl) .24.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 9-21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, Ring B is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or two ring nitrogen atoms, where the heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted with one, two or three substitutents each independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, OH, O-C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkylene-OH (such as CH2OH) , NH2, NH-C1-4 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-4 alkyl) .25.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 9-24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, Ring B has a hydrogen bond donor which is a ring NH or a substituent (e.g., OH, NH2, or NHR) of the ring; preferably, the hydrogen bond donor is a substituent (e.g., OH, NH2, or NHR) of the carbon atom separated from Y by two ring C atoms of Ring B.26.The compound of any one of claims 2-3 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-a, I-a-1, or I-a-2, Z1 is -C (O) -or -CR11R11’-, Z2 is -C (O) -or -CR12R12’-, Z3 is -C (O) -or -CR13R13’-, and Z4 is =CR14-, -CR14R14’-, or =N-.27.The compound of any one of claims 2-3 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-a or I-a-2, Z1 is -CR11R11’-, Z2 is -CR12R12’-, Z3 is -C (O) -, and Z4 is =CR14-.28.The compound of any one of claims 2-3 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-a or I-a-1, Z1 is -CR11R11’-, Z2 is -C (O) -, Z3 is -CR13R13’-, and Z4 is -CR14R14’-.29.The compound of any one of claims 4-6 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R21 and R21’ are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl (such as CH3) , fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, or 4-5 membered heterocyclyl.30.The compound of any one of claims 4-6 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R21 and R21’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen and / or C1-4 alkyl.31.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, when R21 and R21’ are different, the carbon connecting R21 and R21’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in 32.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, when R21 and R21’ are different, the carbon connecting R21 and R21’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in 33.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 29-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R22 and R22’ are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, or 4-5 membered heterocyclyl.34.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 29-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-b, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R22 and R22’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring (such as ) , wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen and / or C1-4 alkyl.35.The compound of any one of claims 4, 9-20 and 29-34, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-b, Z5 is N.36.The compound of any one of claims 4, 9-20 and 29-34, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-b, Z5 is CR23, wherein R23 is hydrogen, halogen (such as F) , CN, C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) , fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 heteroalkyl.37.The compound of any one of claims 4, 9-20 and 29-36, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-b, R24 is NHR24b, wherein R24b is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) ; preferably, R24b is hydrogen.38.The compound of any one of claims 5-6, 9-20 and 29-36, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-1-A, or I-b-2-A, R24b is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) ; preferably, R24b is hydrogen.39.The compound of any one of claims 4-6 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 and R25’ are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl (such as CH3) , fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl (such as CH2F) , C1-4 heteroalkyl (such as CH2OH or CH2OCH3) , C3-4 cycloalkyl, or 4-5 membered heterocyclyl.40.The compound of any one of claims 4-6 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 is H or CH3, and R25’ is H, CH3, CH2F, CH2OH, or CH2OCH3; orR25 is H or CH3, and R25’ is (C1-4 alkylene) -OC (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) , wherein the C1-6 alkyl in (C1-4 alkylene) -OC (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) is optionally substituted with OH or NH2, such as CH2OC (O) CH3, CH2OC (O) (CH2) 2CH3, CH2OC (O) (CH2) 4CH3, or CH2OC (O) CH (NH2) CH (CH3) 2; orR25 is H or C1-6 alkyl (e.g., CH3) , and R25’ is hydroxyl-substituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., CH (CH3) OH or CH2C (CH3) 2OH) .41.The compound of any one of claims 4-6 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 and R25’ are both H, or both methyl.42.The compound of any one of claims 4-6 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 and R25’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring (such as ) , wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen and / or C1-4 alkyl.43.The compound of any one of claims 4-6 and 9-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, R25 and R25’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, 44.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, when R25 and R25’ are different, the carbon connecting R25 and R25’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in 45.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, or I-c-1-A, when R25 and R25’ are different, the carbon connecting R25 and R25’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in 46.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-2, or I-c-2-A, R26 and R26’ are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, or 4-5 membered heterocyclyl.47.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-2, or I-c-2-A, R26 and R26’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring (such as ) , wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen and / or C1-4 alkyl.48.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-2, or I-c-2-A, R26 and R26’ are both H.49.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-2, or I-c-2-A, R26 and R26’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, 50.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-49, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R27 and R27’ are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, or 4-5 membered heterocyclyl.51.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-49, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R27 and R27’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -, a C3-4 carbocyclic ring (such as ) , or a 4-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the C3-4 carbocyclic ring or the 4-membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with OH, halogen and / or C1-4 alkyl.52.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-49, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R27 and R27’ are both H.53.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-49, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R27 and R27’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -or 54.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R28 and R28’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen (such as F) , OH, C1-4 alkyl (such as CH3) , fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl (such as OCH3) , C3-4 cycloalkyl, or 4-5 membered heterocyclyl.55.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R28 is H, and R28’ is F, OH, CH3, or OCH3; orR28 is H or methyl, and R28’ is CHF2, -O-CH3, -O-CD3, -OCH2CH3, -OCHF2, -OCF3, -OCH (CH3) 2, or -O- (cyclopropyl) ; orR28 and R28’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form (e.g., ) .56.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R28 and R28’ are both H.57.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-55, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, when R28 and R28’ are different, the carbon connecting R28 and R28’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in 58.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-55, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, when R28 and R28’ are different, the carbon connecting R28 and R28’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in 59.The compound of any one of claims 4, 9-20 and 39-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, R29 is OH, NH2, or NHCH3; orR29 is a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring nitrogen atoms (e.g., azetidinyl, piperidiyl, or piperazinyl) and optionally substituted with C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , preferably R29 is selected from: 60.The compound of any one of claims 5-6, 9-20 and 39-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R29b is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) ; preferably, R29b is hydrogen or methyl.61.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-60, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R29’ is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) ; or R29’ is C1-4 heteroalkyl (such as - (C1-4 alkylene) -NH2) .62.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-60, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, R29b’ is hydrogen or methyl; or R29b’ is -CH2-NH2.63.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-62, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, when R29 (or NHR29b) and R29’ are different, the carbon connecting R29 (or NHR29b) and R29’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in 64.The compound of any one of claims 4-6, 9-20 and 39-62, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-1-A, or I-c-2-A, when R29 (or NHR29b) and R29’ are different, the carbon connecting R29 (or NHR29b) and R29’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in 65.A compound selected from the compounds shown in Examples section or any of the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.66.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to any one of claims 1-65, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.67.A method of treating a disease or disorder associated with phosphoinositide 3 -kinase (PI3K) , comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-65 or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 66.68.The method of claim 67, wherein the PI3K is PI3Ka.69.The method of any one of claims 67-68, wherein the disease or disorder is a cancer.70.The method of claim 69, wherein the cancer is endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, or prostate cancer.71.The method of any one of claims 67-68, wherein the disease or disorder is CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) , or PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) .72.A method of inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) , comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-65 or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 66.73.A method of treating cancer, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-65 or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 66.74.The method of claim 73, wherein the cancer is endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, or prostate cancer.75.A method of treating a disorder selected from CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) or PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) , the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-65 or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 66.
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