Devices and methods of communication
AI/ML-based mobility management in wireless communication systems proactively predicts and executes communication procedures, addressing reactive handover issues by enhancing mobility performance and reducing failures.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/085801
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Conventional layer 3 (L3) and conditional handover (CHO) mechanisms in wireless communication are reactive, leading to issues like handover failures, radio link failures, and throughput loss due to unsuitable measurement reporting and conditional reconfiguration execution times, especially in high-mobility scenarios or small cells.
Implementing AI/ML-based mobility management in terminal devices to predict communication procedures, such as measurement reporting and conditional reconfigurations, and transmit early indications to network devices, allowing proactive adjustments to avoid handover failures.
Enhances mobility performance by reducing handover failures and improving throughput through timely and accurate prediction and execution of communication procedures.
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Figure CN2024085801_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) -based mobility management.BACKGROUND
[0002] In a conventional layer 3 (L3) handover (HO) mechanism, HO is triggered and executed based on a reported historical measurement result and / or one or more measurement events. To improve HO robustness, a conditional handover (CHO) mechanism has been introduced. To reduce interruption time of frequent HO among small cells, a layer 1 (L1) / layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) mechanism has been introduced. However, these mechanisms are reactive schemes which may result in an unintended event, e.g., a HO failure (HOF) , a radio link failure (RLF) , a Ping-Pong phenomenon, throughput loss, too early / late HO, etc. Currently, a mechanism based on an AI / ML algorithm has a potential to enable a proactive scheme.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for AI / ML-based mobility management.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: determine that a communication procedure is predicted to be initiated based on at least one of the following: a first condition associated with a first event for triggering the communication procedure is fulfilled or is fulfilled during a first period of time, the first condition being associated with a prediction for the communication procedure, or a second condition for triggering the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled; and initiate the communication procedure, the communication procedure comprising a measurement reporting or a conditional reconfiguration execution.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: determine that a measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated; and transmit, to a network device, first information indicating that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated, the first information comprising at least one of the following: expected uplink data volume for the measurement reporting procedure, predicted time information of the measurement reporting procedure, identity information of one or more applicable cells associated with a condition triggering the measurement reporting procedure that is predicted to be fulfilled, or a measurement identity associated with the measurement reporting procedure.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: receive a handover command from a network device; determine that no handover failure is predicted to be triggered; and apply the handover command.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, at a terminal device, that a communication procedure is predicted to be initiated based on at least one of the following: a first condition associated with a first event for triggering the communication procedure is fulfilled or is fulfilled during a first period of time, the first condition being associated with a prediction for the communication procedure, or a second condition for triggering the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled; and initiating the communication procedure, the communication procedure comprising a measurement reporting or a conditional reconfiguration execution.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, at a terminal device, that a measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated; and transmitting, to a network device, first information indicating that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated, the first information comprising at least one of the following: expected uplink data volume for the measurement reporting procedure, predicted time information of the measurement reporting procedure, identity information of one or more applicable cells associated with a condition triggering the measurement reporting procedure that is predicted to be fulfilled, or a measurement identity associated with the measurement reporting procedure.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a terminal device, a handover command from a network device; determining that no handover failure is predicted to be triggered; and applying the handover command.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the fourth to sixth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0011] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of another example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of another example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0021] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0023] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0024] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , small data transmission (SDT) , mobility, multicast and broadcast services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , Space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , extended reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term ‘terminal device’ can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0025] The term ‘network device’ refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , Network-controlled Repeaters, and the like.
[0026] The terminal device or the network device may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0027] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under MR-DC application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0028] The network device may have the function of network energy saving, self-organizing networks (SON) / minimization of drive tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0029] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0030] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0031] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0032] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0033] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘CHO’ herein may be interchangeably used with ‘conditional reconfiguration execution’ , or ‘radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration with sync’ . The term ‘AI / ML model’ herein may be interchangeably used with ‘model’ , ‘AI model’ or ‘ML model’ . The term ‘entering condition’ herein may be interchangeably used with ‘entry condition’ . The term ‘a time to trigger (TTT) ’ may refer to a time during which specific criteria for an event needs to be met in order to trigger a measurement report. The term ‘condition is fulfilled’ may be interchangeably used with ‘condition is satisfied’ or ‘condition is met’ . The term ‘AI / ML model predicts’ may be interchangeably used with ‘an output of the AI / ML model indicates’ . The term ‘measurement event’ may be interchangeably used with ‘CHO event’ .
[0034] As mentioned above, in the conventional L3 HO mechanism, HO is triggered and executed based on a reported historical measurement result and / or measurement event (s) , i.e., it is a kind of reactive scheme by its nature. This mechanism may work well among macro cells when UE’s mobility is low for existing services, but may be problematic when either UE’s mobility is high or among micro cells of high density or both for existing services or future services e.g. extended reality (XR) . Such a reactive scheme may result in an unintended event, e.g., MOF, RLF, Ping-Pong phenomenon, throughput loss, or too early / late HO, etc. To improve HO robustness, CHO mechanism has been introduced, and to reduce interruption time of frequent HO among small cells, LTM HO has also been introduced. However, these two mechanisms are not sufficient because they are still reactive schemes by design. On the other hand, a mechanism based on an AI / ML algorithm has a potential to enable a proactive scheme.
[0035] Currently, it has been agreed to study and evaluate potential benefits and gains of AI / ML aided mobility for network triggered L3-based handover, considering an AI / ML based radio resource management (RRM) measurement and event prediction including measurement events prediction of a UE sided model. However, it is still unclear how to utilize measurement events prediction at the UE side to enhance mobility performance.
[0036] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for AI / ML-based mobility management. In one aspect, a terminal device may determine that a communication procedure is predicted to be initiated based on at least one of the following: a first condition associated with a first event for triggering the communication procedure is fulfilled or is fulfilled during a first period of time, the first condition being associated with a prediction for the communication procedure; or a second condition for triggering the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled. Then the terminal device may initiate the communication procedure. The communication procedure may comprise a measurement reporting or a conditional reconfiguration execution (may be also referred to as CHO execution) . In this way, a handover problem caused by an inappropriate initiating time of a measurement reporting or conditional reconfiguration execution may be alleviated.
[0037] In another aspect, upon determination that a measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated, a terminal device may transmit, to a network device, first information indicating that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated. The first information may comprise at least one of the following: expected uplink data volume for the measurement reporting procedure, predicted time information of the measurement reporting procedure, identity information of one or more applicable cells associated with a condition triggering the measurement reporting procedure that is predicted to be fulfilled, or a measurement identity associated with the measurement reporting procedure. In this way, an early indication of a measurement reporting may be achieved, and thus a handover problem caused by delayed scheduling of an uplink grant for the measurement reporting may be alleviated.
[0038] In still another aspect, upon reception of a handover command from a network device, a terminal device may determine whether a handover failure is predicted to be triggered. If no handover failure is predicted to be triggered, the terminal device may apply the handover command. In this way, mobility performance may be enhanced by an AI / ML prediction for a handover failure.
[0039] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0040] EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110 and network devices 120, 130 and 140. The network device 120 may provide a cell 121 to serve one or more terminal devices, the network device 130 provides a cell 131 to serve one or more terminal devices, and the network device 140 provides a cell 141 to serve one or more terminal devices. It is to be understood that more cells may be provided by any of the network devices 120, 130 and 140.
[0042] In some embodiments, the network devices 120, 130 and 140 may be different network devices. In some embodiments, any two or all of the network devices 120, 130 and 140 may be the same network device.
[0043] It is to be understood that the number of devices or cells in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices and / or cells adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0044] As shown in FIG. 1, the terminal device 110 and each of the network devices 120, 130 and 140 may communicate with each other via a channel such as a wireless communication channel. The communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , new radio (NR) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0045] It is assumed that the cell 121 serves as a serving cell of the terminal device 110, and the cells 131 and 141 serve as candidate cells of the terminal device 110.
[0046] In some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may perform L3 measurements on the serving cell and the candidate cells and evaluate the measurement results. The terminal device 110 may transmit a measurement report indicating L3 measurement result (s) of the cell (s) fulfilling a condition (e.g., an Event A3) to the network device 120 (e.g., source gNB) . This procedure may be called as a measurement reporting procedure.
[0047] In some scenarios, based on the measurement report from the terminal device 110, the network device 120 may negotiate with the network devices 130 and 140 (e.g., candidate gNBs) providing the candidate cells, and obtain configurations of CHO conditions for the candidate cells. The network device 120 may transmit the configurations of CHO conditions for the candidate cells to the terminal device 110. The terminal device 110 may evaluate the CHO conditions. Upon one of the CHO conditions (e.g., for the cell 131) is satisfied, the terminal device 110 may detach from the cell 121 and synchronize to the cell 131. This procedure may be called as a CHO or conditional reconfiguration execution procedure.
[0048] In some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may be deployed with an AI / ML model for mobility management, and the AI / ML model may perform measurement event prediction.
[0049] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for mobility management based on measurement event prediction so as to enhance mobility performance. More details will be described with reference to FIGs. 2 to 4 below.
[0050] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF INITIATION OF COMMUNICATION PROCEDURE
[0051] Currently, a handover problem, e.g., too early handover, too late handover, handover to wrong cell, may be caused by inappropriate measurement reporting initiating time. This may be caused by a measurement report configuration setting, e.g., a parameter of a measurement event is not suitable; and some fundamental drawback of L3 based measurement, for example, a delay caused by time to trigger which is however necessary to avoid ping-pong.
[0052] In addition, an execution condition of CHO is based on a L3 measurement event, and thus CHO execution may also be impacted by an unsuitable parameter of the measurement and some fundamental drawback of L3 based measurement.
[0053] In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of initiating a communication procedure. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 2 below.
[0054] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 200 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In this example, the network device 120 provide a serving cell for the terminal device 110. An AI / ML model is deployed at the terminal device 110.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 2, the network device 120 may transmit 210, to the terminal device 110, a configuration for a communication procedure. In some embodiments, the configuration may comprise configuration related to a prediction of the communication procedure. In some embodiments, the configuration may comprise an indication of an event (also referred to as a first event or AI / ML based event herein) for triggering the communication procedure. In other words, the indication may indicate that the event is associated with a prediction of the communication procedure. I some embodiments, the indication may be identity (ID) of the event associated with the communication procedure. In some embodiments, the configuration may comprise an indication of a condition (also referred to as a second condition herein) for triggering the communication procedure. In other words, the indication may indicate that the condition is associated with the prediction of the communication procedure. In some embodiments, the configuration may comprise an ID of a model used for the prediction of the communication procedure. In some embodiments, the configuration may comprise information of a period of time (e.g., any of first to seventh period of time as described below) associated with the prediction of the communication procedure. In some embodiments, the period of time may be TTT or any other suitable values. It is to be understood that the configuration may comprise any combinations of the above configuration information.
[0056] In some embodiments, the communication procedure may comprise a measurement reporting. In this case, the configuration for the communication procedure may be included in a report configuration of a measurement configuration (e.g., an information element (IE) ‘ReportConfigNR’ or ‘EventTriggerConfig’ ) . In some embodiment, the configuration related to a prediction of the communication procedure may be comprised in the reporting configuration.
[0057] In some embodiments, the communication procedure may comprise a conditional reconfiguration execution. In this case, the configuration for the communication procedure may be included in a report configuration of a measurement configuration for CHO (e.g., an IE ‘ReportConfigNR’ or ‘CondTriggerConfig’ ) . Alternatively, the configuration for the communication procedure may be included in an execution condition configuration associated with a conditional reconfiguration (e.g., an IE ‘condExecutionCond’ ) . It is to be understood that any other suitable communication procedures related to a measurement event may also be feasible. In some embodiment, the configuration related to a prediction of the communication procedure may be comprised in the reporting configuration or the execution condition configuration.
[0058] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may determine 220 that a communication procedure is predicted to be initiated. In other words, the terminal device 110 may predict that the communication procedure is to be initiated. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated if the terminal device 110 receives from network configuration related to a prediction of the communication procedure.
[0059] In some embodiments, an event (i.e., the first event) may be defined for triggering the communication procedure. In some embodiments, the first event may be defined with an entering condition. The entering condition may be associated with the prediction for the communication procedure. In some embodiments, the first event may be defined with a leaving condition. The leaving condition may be associated with the prediction for the communication procedure.
[0060] In some embodiments, the entering condition of the first event may comprise the communication procedure (e.g., the measurement reporting or the conditional reconfiguration execution) is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, the AI / ML model may predict that the communication procedure is to be initiated or should be initiated. In some embodiments, if the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated, the terminal device 110 may determine or consider that the entering condition of the first event is fulfilled.
[0061] In some embodiments, the leaving condition of the first event may comprise the communication procedure (e.g., the measurement reporting or the conditional reconfiguration execution) is predicted to be not initiated. In some embodiments, the AI / ML model may predict that the communication procedure is not to be initiated or should not initiated. In some embodiments, if the communication procedure is predicted to be not initiated, the terminal device 110 may determine or consider that the leaving condition of the first event is fulfilled.
[0062] In some embodiments, the entering condition of the first event may be based on an entering condition associated with a measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure. In some embodiments, the leaving condition of the first event may be based on a leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event. In some embodiments, the first event may be the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure.
[0063] In some embodiments, the measurement event may be any suitable measurement events existing or to be developed in future, e.g., Event A3, Event A4, or Event A5, and the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. In some embodiments, the CHO event may be any suitable CHO events existing or to be developed in future, e.g., condEvent A3, condEvent A4, or condEvent A5, and the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. In some embodiments, the entering condition associate with the measurement event or CHO event may be a first inequality, and the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event may be a second inequality. In some embodiments, the first inequality and second inequality associated with the measurement event or CHO event may not comprise hysteresis parameter and / or offset parameter. For illustration, some examples of first inequality and second inequality of the measurement event or CHO event are described below. In these examples, hysteresis and offset parameters are not included.
[0064] For example, the first inequality and the second inequality of the measurement event or CHO event may be defined by inequalities (1) and (2) below. Mn + Ofn + Ocn > Mp + Ofp + Ocp (1) Mn + Ofn + Ocn < Mp + Ofp + Ocp (2)
[0065] where Mn denotes a measurement result of a neighbouring cell, Ofn denotes a measurement object specific offset of a reference signal of the neighbouring cell, Ocn denotes a cell specific offset of the neighbouring cell, Mp denotes a measurement result of a special cell (SpCell) , Ofp denotes a measurement object specific offset of the SpCell, and Ocp denotes a cell specific offset of the SpCell.
[0066] In another example, the first inequality and the second inequality of the measurement event or CHO event may be defined by inequalities (3) and (4) below. Mn > Mp (3) Mn < Mp (4)
[0067] where Mn denotes a measurement result of a neighbouring cell, and Mp denotes a measurement result of a SpCell.
[0068] In another example, the first inequality and the second inequality of the measurement event or CHO event may be defined by inequalities (5) and (6) below. Mn + Ofn + Ocn > Thresh (5) Mn + Ofn + Ocn < Thresh (6)
[0069] where Mn denotes a measurement result of a neighbouring cell, Ofn denotes a measurement object specific offset of a reference signal of the neighbouring cell, Ocn denotes a cell specific offset of the neighbouring cell, and Thresh denotes a threshold parameter for this event.
[0070] In another example, the first inequality and the second inequality of the measurement event or CHO event may be defined by inequalities (7) and (8) below. Mn > Thresh (7) Mn < Thresh (8)
[0071] where Mn denotes a measurement result of a neighbouring cell, and Thresh denotes a threshold parameter for this event.
[0072] In another example, the first inequality and the second inequality of the measurement event or CHO event may be defined by inequalities (9) and (10) below. Mp > Thresh (9) Mp < Thresh (10)
[0073] where Mp denotes a measurement result of a SpCell, and Thresh denotes a threshold parameter for this event.
[0074] In some embodiments, the AI / ML model may predict that the first inequality associated with the measurement event or CHO event is fulfilled or to be fulfilled. In some embodiments, if the first inequality associated with the measurement event or CHO event is predicted as being fulfilled or to be fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine or consider that the entering condition of the first event is fulfilled. In some embodiments, if the first inequality associated with the measurement event or CHO event is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may also determine or consider that the entering condition of the first event is fulfilled. In some embodiments, the AI / ML model may predict that the second inequality associated with the measurement event or CHO event is fulfilled or to be fulfilled. In some embodiments, if the second inequality associated with the measurement event or CHO event is predicted as being fulfilled or to be fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine or consider that the leaving condition of the first event is fulfilled. In some embodiments, if the second inequality associated with the measurement event or CHO event is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may also determine or consider that the leaving condition of the first event is fulfilled.
[0075] It is to be understood that the terminal device 110 may determine that the entering condition of the first event is fulfilled based on any combinations of the above first inequalities associated with the measurement event or CHO event, and the terminal device 110 may determine that the leaving condition of the first event is fulfilled based on any combinations of the above second inequalities associated with the measurement event or CHO event.
[0076] With reference to FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may determine 221 that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated based on the first condition of the first event. In some embodiments, the first condition is based on an entering condition associated with the first event. In some embodiments, if the entering condition associated with the first event is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, if the entering condition associated with the first event is fulfilled for one or more applicable cells, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, if the entering condition associated with the first event is fulfilled during a period of time (also referred to as a first period of time herein) , the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, if the entering condition associated with the first event is fulfilled for one or more applicable cells for all measurements during the first period of time, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, the first period of time may be configured or predefined. In some embodiments, the first period of time may be TTT or any other suitable values.
[0077] In some embodiments, the first condition is based on a leaving condition associated with the first event. That is, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated based on the leaving condition of the first event. In some embodiments, if the leaving condition associated with the first event is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, if the leaving condition associated with the first event is fulfilled for one or more applicable cells, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, if the leaving condition associated with the first event is fulfilled during the first period of time, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, if the leaving condition associated with the first event is fulfilled for one or more applicable cells for all measurements during the first period of time, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, the first period of time may be configured or predefined. In some embodiments, the first period of time may be TTT or any other suitable values.
[0078] In some embodiments, if the entering condition of the first event is fulfilled for one applicable cell, the terminal device 110 may consider that the first event is fulfilled. In some embodiments, if the entering condition of the first event is fulfilled for one applicable cell for all measurements for a time to trigger, the terminal device 110 may consider that the first event is fulfilled. In some embodiments, if the first event is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated.
[0079] In some embodiments, if the leaving condition of the first event is fulfilled for one applicable cell, the terminal device 110 may consider that the first event is not fulfilled. In some embodiments, if the leaving condition of the first event is fulfilled for one applicable cell for all measurements for a time to trigger, the terminal device 110 may consider that the first event is not fulfilled.
[0080] In some embodiments, a triggering condition (i.e., the second condition) may be defined for triggering the communication procedure. The triggering condition is associated with the prediction of the communication procedure.
[0081] In some embodiments, the triggering condition may be based on the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure. In some embodiments, the triggering condition may comprise at least one of the following: the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event is fulfilled for one or more applicable cells; the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells during a period of time (also referred to as a fourth period of time herein) ; or the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells for measurements (e.g., all measurements) after L3 filtering taken during a period of time (also referred to as a fifth period of time herein) . In some embodiments, the fourth period of time may be configured or predefined. In some embodiments, the fourth period of time may be TTT or any other suitable values. In some embodiments, the fifth period of time may be configured or predefined. In some embodiments, the fifth period of time may be TTT or any other suitable values.
[0082] In some embodiments, the triggering condition may be based on the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure. In some embodiments, the triggering condition may comprise at least one of the following: the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event is fulfilled for one or more applicable cells; the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells during a period of time (also referred to as a sixth period of time herein) ; or the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells for measurements after L3 filtering taken during a period of time (also referred to as a seventh period of time herein) . With reference to FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may determine 222 that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated based on the triggering condition (i.e., the second condition) . In some embodiments, the AI / ML model may predict that the triggering condition is to be fulfilled. In some embodiments, if the triggering condition is predicted to be fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated.
[0083] In some embodiments, if the triggering condition based on the entering condition associated with the CHO event is predicted to be fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the CHO event is fulfilled. In some embodiments, if the triggering condition based on the leaving condition associated with the CHO event is predicted to be fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the CHO event is not fulfilled. In some embodiments, if one or more CHO events are fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated.
[0084] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, upon determination that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated, the terminal device 110 may initiate 230 the communication procedure.
[0085] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the communication procedure when the AI / ML model at the terminal device 110 predicts that the communication procedure is to be initiated or should be initiated.
[0086] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the communication procedure when the first condition associated with the first event is fulfilled. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the communication procedure when the first condition associated with the first event is fulfilled during the first period of time.
[0087] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the communication procedure when the AI / ML model at the terminal device 110 predicts that the triggering condition (i.e., the second condition) is to be fulfilled. It is to be understood that any combinations of the above first and second conditions may also be feasible.
[0088] In some embodiments, if the entering condition or leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled at a first time instance, the terminal device 110 may initiate the communication procedure at the first time instance.
[0089] In some embodiments, if the triggering condition (i.e., the second condition) is predicted to be fulfilled at a second time instance, the terminal device 110 may initiate the communication procedure at the second time instance. Alternatively, if the triggering condition (i.e., the second condition) is predicted to be fulfilled at the second time instance, the terminal device 110 may determine a third time instance based on the second time instance and a configured period of time (e.g., TTT) , and initiate the communication procedure at the third time instance. For example, the third time instance may be equal to the second time instance minus TTT.
[0090] With the process 200, a handover problem caused by an inappropriate initiating time of a communication procedure such as a measurement reporting or a conditional reconfiguration execution may be alleviated.
[0091] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF EARLY INDICATION OF MEASUREMENT REPORTING
[0092] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of early indicating a measurement reporting to NW. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 3 below.
[0093] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 300 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 300 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In this example, the network device 120 provide a serving cell for the terminal device 110. An AI / ML model is deployed at the terminal device 110.
[0094] As shown in FIG. 3, the network device 120 may transmit 310, to the terminal device 110, a configuration for an early indication of a measurement reporting procedure. The configuration may indicate that first information is transmitted upon a measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated. The first information indicates that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated. The first information may be also referred to as the early indication.
[0095] In some embodiments, the configuration for the early indication of the measurement reporting procedure may comprise an ID of an AI / ML model used for a prediction of the measurement reporting procedure. It is to be understood that any other suitable information may also be included.
[0096] With reference to FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may determine 320 that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated. In other words, the AI / ML model at the terminal device 110 may predict that the measurement reporting procedure is to be initiated if the configuration for early indication of measurement reporting procedure is received. It is to be understood that the step 320 may be carried out as that described for the step 220, and thus not repeated here for conciseness.
[0097] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated based on the triggering condition (i.e., the second condition) . In some embodiments, the AI / ML model may predict that the triggering condition is to be fulfilled. In some embodiments, if the triggering condition is predicted to be fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated.
[0098] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may transmit 330 the first information to the network device 120. In other words, if the terminal device 110 predicts that the measurement reporting procedure is to be initiated, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information indicating that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information via a RRC message. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information in a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) . For example, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information via a buffer status report (BSR) MAC CE. In this case, an upper layer (e.g., RRC) of the terminal device 110 may need to send an indication to a lower layer (e.g., MAC) to trigger a transmission of the MAC CE.
[0099] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise expected UL data volume for the measurement reporting procedure, i.e., expected UL data volume for a transmission of a measurement report which is predicted to be triggered later.
[0100] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise predicted time information of the measurement reporting procedure, i.e., time information of a measurement report which is predicted to be triggered later.
[0101] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise identity information of one or more applicable cells associated with the condition triggering the measurement reporting procedure that is predicted to be fulfilled. For example, the first information may comprise an ID of the one or more applicable cells of the predicted fulfilled triggering condition. In another example, the first information may comprise an ID of at least one neighboring cell or applicable cell which is predicted to fulfill the triggering condition. In some embodiments, the ID of the cell may be physical cell ID, global cell ID, or frequency information associated with the cell.
[0102] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise a measurement ID associated with the measurement reporting procedure, i.e., a measurement ID associated with a measurement report to be triggered.
[0103] With reference to FIG. 3, upon reception of the first information, the network device 120 may perform 340 mobility management. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may perform a preparation of a handover procedure early. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may perform an allocation of UL grant for a transmission of a measurement report message early.
[0104] With the process 300, a handover problem caused by delayed scheduling of UL grant for a measurement reporting may be alleviated.
[0105] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF APPLICATION OF HO COMMAND
[0106] Currently, a terminal device may be configured with an AI / ML model to predict an unintended event, e.g., HOF. However, it is still incomplete how to utilize AI / ML prediction for HOF to enhance mobility performance.
[0107] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of applying a HO command. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 4 below.
[0108] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 400 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 400 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In this example, the network device 120 provide a serving cell for the terminal device 110. An AI / ML model is deployed at the terminal device 110.
[0109] As shown in FIG. 4, the network device 120 may transmit 410 a HO command to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit a RRC reconfiguration message comprising an IE ‘reconfigurationWithSync’ . In other words, the HO command may be a RRC reconfiguration message comprising reconfigurationWithSync IE.
[0110] With reference to FIG. 4, the terminal device 110 may determine 420 that no HOF is predicted to be triggered. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that the AI / ML model at the terminal device 110 does not predict the HOF is to be triggered. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that the AI / ML model at the terminal device 110 predicts the HOF is not to be triggered.
[0111] As shown in FIG. 4, the terminal device 110 may apply 430 the HO command. For example, the terminal device 110 may apply the RRC reconfiguration message.
[0112] With the process 400, mobility performance may be enhanced by utilizing AI / ML prediction for HOF.
[0113] It is to be understood that operations of the processes 200 to 400 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0114] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0115] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 5 to 7.
[0116] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 500 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 500 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 500 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. It is assumed that the network device 120 provide a serving cell for the terminal device 110. An AI / ML model is deployed at the terminal device 110.
[0117] At block 510, the terminal device 110 may determine that a communication procedure is predicted to be initiated. In some embodiments, the communication procedure may comprise a measurement reporting or a conditional reconfiguration execution.
[0118] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that a communication procedure is predicted to be initiated based on at least one of the following: a first condition associated with a first event for triggering the communication procedure is fulfilled or is fulfilled during a first period of time, the first condition being associated with a prediction for the communication procedure, or a second condition for triggering the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled.
[0119] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that the first condition is fulfilled if the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated.
[0120] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that the first condition is fulfilled based on at least one of the following: an entering condition associated with a measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled; the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled for one or more applicable cells; or the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells for measurements during a second period of time.
[0121] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that the first condition is fulfilled based on at least one of the following: a leaving condition associated with a measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled; the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled for one or more applicable cells; or the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells for measurements during a third period of time.
[0122] In some embodiments, the second condition may comprise at least one of the following: an entering condition associated with a measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for one or more applicable cells; the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells during a fourth period of time; or the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells for measurements after L3 filtering taken during a fifth period of time. In some embodiments, the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event may comprise no hysteresis and offset parameters.
[0123] In some embodiments, the second condition may comprise at least one of the following: a leaving condition associated with a measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for one or more applicable cells; the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells during a sixth period of time; or the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells for measurements after L3 filtering taken during a seventh period of time. In some embodiments, the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event may comprise no hysteresis and offset parameters.
[0124] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device 120, a configuration for the communication procedure comprising at least one of the following: an indication of the first event, an indication of the second condition, an identity of a model used for a prediction of the communication procedure, or information of a period of time associated with the prediction of the communication procedure.
[0125] At block 520, the terminal device 110 may initiate the communication procedure.
[0126] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the communication procedure by: in accordance with a determination that an entering condition or leaving condition associated with a measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled at a first time instance, initiating the communication procedure at the first time instance; or in accordance with a determination that the second condition is predicted to be fulfilled at a second time instance, initiating the communication procedure at the second time instance or a third time instance, the third time instance being based on the second time instance and a configured period of time.
[0127] With the method 500, a handover problem caused by an inappropriate initiating time of a measurement reporting or conditional reconfiguration execution may be alleviated.
[0128] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 600 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 600 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 600 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 600 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. It is assumed that the network device 120 provide a serving cell for the terminal device 110. An AI / ML model is deployed at the terminal device 110.
[0129] At block 610, the terminal device 110 may determine that a measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated.
[0130] At block 620, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the network device 120, first information indicating that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated.
[0131] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise at least one of the following: expected uplink data volume for the measurement reporting procedure, predicted time information of the measurement reporting procedure, identity information of one or more applicable cells associated with a condition triggering the measurement reporting procedure that is predicted to be fulfilled, or a measurement identity associated with the measurement reporting procedure.
[0132] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information by:transmitting the first information via a buffer status report in a MAC CE; or transmitting the first information via a RRC message.
[0133] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device 120, a configuration indicating that the first information is transmitted upon the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated.
[0134] With the method 600, an early indication of a measurement reporting may be achieved, and thus a handover problem caused by delayed scheduling of an uplink grant for the measurement reporting may be alleviated.
[0135] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 700 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 700 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. It is assumed that the network device 120 provide a serving cell for the terminal device 110. An AI / ML model is deployed at the terminal device 110.
[0136] At block 710, the terminal device 110 may receive a handover command from the network device 120.
[0137] At block 720, the terminal device 110 may determine that a handover failure is predicted to be triggered.
[0138] At block 730, the terminal device 110 may apply the handover command.
[0139] With the process 700, mobility performance may be enhanced by an AI / ML prediction for a handover failure.
[0140] It is to be understood that the operations of methods 500 to 700 correspond to that described in connection with FIGs. 2 to 4, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0141] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0142] FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or 130 or 140 as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or 130 or 140.
[0143] As shown, the device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810, a suitable transceiver 840 coupled to the processor 810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 840. The memory 810 stores at least a part of a program 830. The transceiver 840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 840 may include at least one of a transmitter 842 or a receiver 844. The transmitter 842 and the receiver 844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an access node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a mobility management entity (MME) / AMF / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0144] The program 830 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 810, enable the device 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 7. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 810 of the device 800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 810 and memory 820 may form processing means 850 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0145] The memory 820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 820 is shown in the device 800, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 800. The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0146] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: determine that a communication procedure is predicted to be initiated based on at least one of the following: a first condition associated with a first event for triggering the communication procedure is fulfilled or is fulfilled during a first period of time, the first condition being associated with a prediction for the communication procedure, or a second condition for triggering the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled; and initiate the communication procedure, the communication procedure comprising a measurement reporting or a conditional reconfiguration execution.
[0147] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: determine that a measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated; and transmit, to a network device, first information indicating that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated, the first information comprising at least one of the following: expected uplink data volume for the measurement reporting procedure, predicted time information of the measurement reporting procedure, identity information of one or more applicable cells associated with a condition triggering the measurement reporting procedure that is predicted to be fulfilled, or a measurement identity associated with the measurement reporting procedure.
[0148] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive a handover command from a network device; determine that no handover failure is predicted to be triggered; and apply the handover command.
[0149] The term ‘circuitry’ used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0150] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0151] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 7. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0152] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0153] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0154] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0155] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine that a communication procedure is predicted to be initiated based on at least one of the following:a first condition associated with a first event for triggering the communication procedure is fulfilled or is fulfilled during a first period of time, the first condition being associated with a prediction for the communication procedure, ora second condition for triggering the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled; andinitiate the communication procedure, the communication procedure comprising a measurement reporting or a conditional reconfiguration execution.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the communication procedure is predicted to be initiated, determine that the first condition is fulfilled.3.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine that the first condition is fulfilled based on at least one of the following:an entering condition associated with a measurement event or conditional handover (CHO) event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled;the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled for one or more applicable cells; orthe entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells for measurements during a second period of time.4.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine that the first condition is fulfilled based on at least one of the following:a leaving condition associated with a measurement event or conditional handover (CHO) event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled;the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled for one or more applicable cells; orthe leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells for measurements during a third period of time.5.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the second condition comprises at least one of the following:an entering condition associated with a measurement event or conditional handover (CHO) event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for one or more applicable cells;the entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells during a fourth period of time; orthe entering condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells for measurements after layer 3 filtering taken during a fifth period of time.6.The terminal device of claim 3 or 5, wherein the entering condition comprise no hysteresis and offset parameters.7.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the second condition comprises at least one of the following:a leaving condition associated with a measurement event or conditional handover (CHO) event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for one or more applicable cells;the leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells during a sixth period of time; orthe leaving condition associated with the measurement event or CHO event configured for the communication procedure is fulfilled for the one or more applicable cells for measurements after layer 3 filtering taken during a seventh period of time.8.The terminal device of claim 4 or 7, wherein the leaving condition comprise no hysteresis and offset parameters.9.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive, from a network device, a configuration for the communication procedure comprising at least one of the following:an indication of the first event,an indication of the second condition,an identity of a model used for a prediction of the communication procedure, orinformation of a period of time associated with the prediction of the communication procedure.10.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to initiate the communication procedure by:in accordance with a determination that an entering condition or leaving condition associated with a measurement event or conditional handover (CHO) event configured for the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled at a first time instance, initiating the communication procedure at the first time instance; orin accordance with a determination that the second condition is predicted to be fulfilled at a second time instance, initiating the communication procedure at the second time instance or a third time instance, the third time instance being based on the second time instance and a configured period of time.11.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine that a measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated; andtransmit, to a network device, first information indicating that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated, the first information comprising at least one of the following:expected uplink data volume for the measurement reporting procedure,predicted time information of the measurement reporting procedure,identity information of one or more applicable cells associated with a condition triggering the measurement reporting procedure that is predicted to be fulfilled, ora measurement identity associated with the measurement reporting procedure.12.The terminal device of claim 11, wherein the terminal device is caused to transmit the first information by:transmitting the first information via a buffer status report in a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) ; ortransmitting the first information via a radio resource control (RRC) message.13.The terminal device of claim 11, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive, from the network device, a configuration indicating that the first information is transmitted upon the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated.14.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive a handover command from a network device;determine that no handover failure is predicted to be triggered; andapply the handover command.15.A method of communication, comprising:determining, at a terminal device, that a communication procedure is predicted to be initiated based on at least one of the following:a first condition associated with a first event for triggering the communication procedure is fulfilled or is fulfilled during a first period of time, the first condition being associated with a prediction for the communication procedure, ora second condition for triggering the communication procedure is predicted to be fulfilled; andinitiating the communication procedure, the communication procedure comprising a measurement reporting or a conditional reconfiguration execution.16.A method of communication, comprising:determining, at a terminal device, that a measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated; andtransmitting, to a network device, first information indicating that the measurement reporting procedure is predicted to be initiated, the first information comprising at least one of the following:expected uplink data volume for the measurement reporting procedure,predicted time information of the measurement reporting procedure,identity information of one or more applicable cells associated with a condition triggering the measurement reporting procedure that is predicted to be fulfilled, ora measurement identity associated with the measurement reporting procedure.17.A method of communication, comprising:receiving, at a terminal device, a handover command from a network device;determining that no handover failure is predicted to be triggered; andapplying the handover command.
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