AIOT device id management
The network-defined temporary ID system addresses privacy and efficiency issues in AIOT device management by allocating a shorter ID format for AIOT devices, enhancing scalability and network efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/086235
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
Smart Images

Figure CN2024086235_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AIOT DEVICE ID MANAGEMENTFIELD
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication, and in particular, to network devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) identifier (ID) management.BACKGROUND
[0002] A communication network can be seen as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices, or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network. Such communication networks operate in accordance with standards, such as those promulgated by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) or ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) . Examples of such standards include the so-called 5G (5th Generation) standard or other standards promulgated by 3GPP.
[0003] A new study item on solutions for ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) in new radio (NR) was recently approved. This study targets a further assessment at RAN WG-level of AIOT, a new 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications. However, some issues related to AIOT still need to be studied.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) identifier (ID) management.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to perform: receiving, from a second network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for usage within a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; and allocating the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to perform: transmitting, to a first network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for usage within a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at a first network device and from a second network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for usage in a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; and allocating, at the first network device, the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device, wherein the temporary ID is unique under control of the first network device.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: transmitting, from a second network device and to a first network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for receiving, at a first network device and from a second network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; and means for allocating, at the first network device, the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device, wherein the temporary ID is unique under control of the first network device.
[0010] In an sixth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for transmitting, from a second network device and to a first network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising program instructions. The program instructions, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, at a first network device and from a second network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; and allocating, at the first network device, the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device, wherein the temporary ID is unique under control of the first network device.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising program instructions. The program instructions, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: transmitting, from a second network device and to a first network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving, at a first network device and from a second network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for usage in a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; and allocating, at the first network device, the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device, wherein the temporary ID is unique under control of the first network device.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to perform: transmitting, from a second network device and to a first network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.
[0015] In a eleventh aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises: a receiving circuitry configured to receive, from a second network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for usage in a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; and a allocating circuitry configured to allocate the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device, wherein the temporary ID is unique under control of the first network device.
[0016] In a twelfth aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises: a transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a first network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for usage within a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.
[0017] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates examples of topologies of AIOT technology that are agreed to be studied in Rel-19;
[0020] FIG. 2A illustrates an example of 5G-GUTI (globally unique temporary identifier) ;
[0021] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of UID (unique identifier) defined in ISO / IEC FCD 15693-3;
[0022] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0023] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow for allocating a temporary ID of an AIOT device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 5 illustrates a temporary-AIOT (T-AIOT) ID format compatible to 5GS-TMSI (temporary mobile subscriber identity) in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of T-AIOT and AIOT context creation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a process flow for T-AIOT ID creation and usage in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 8 illustrates an example flowchart of a method implemented at a first network device according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 9 illustrates an example flowchart of a method implemented at a second network device according to example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 10 illustrates an example simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0030] FIG. 11 illustrates an example block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0031] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0033] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0034] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0035] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0036] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0037] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0038] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0039] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0040] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0041] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0042] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (for example, firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0043] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0044] As used herein, the term “network” , “communication network” or “data network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) , narrow band Internet of things (NB-IoT) , satellite, enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , non-terrestrial communication, terrestrial communication, and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device / element in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , new radio (NR) , IEEE 802.11 communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. Accordingly, the disclosure should not be seen as limitedin scope to only the aforementioned system.
[0045] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) or a transmission and reception point (TRP) in random access network (RAN) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a WiFi device, a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0046] The network device may also refer to a network entity in a core network (CN) which performs or comprises one or more functions. The network entity may be a wireless device or node. The network entity comprising a network function refers to an entity, a device or node performing or configured to perform at least part of functionalities of the network function in this disclosure. The network function may include one or more of, for example, an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , an AIOT function (AIOTF) , network exposure function (NEF) , an application function (AF) , a user plane function (UPF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a unified data management (UDM) , network function repository function (NRF) , network slice selection function (NSSF) , etc.
[0047] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a subscriber station (SS) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , a station (STA) or station device, or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (for example, remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “station” , “station device” , “STA” , “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0048] The term “transceiver” may refer to any device that may be coupled to one or more antennas or antenna ports to wirelessly transmit and / or receive communication signals. The antennas or antenna ports may be the same or different types. The antennas or antenna ports may be located in different positions of an apparatus. One or more transceivers allow the apparatus to communicate with other devices that may be wired and / or wireless. The one or more transceivers may include processors, controllers, radios, sockets, plugs, buffers, or the like circuits to form one or more communication channels to one or more radio frequency units. The one or more transceivers may be integrated in an apparatus or a system, for example a cellular communication apparatus or system, a satellite communication apparatus or system, a WLAN system, or a short ranging system for example Bluetooth system.
[0049] Ambient IoT (AIoT) relates to ultra-low cost and ultra-low power devices for the IoT applications. 3GPP RAN is leading a Rel-19 AIOT Study Item, which was recently approved. It focuses on 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for very- low end (e.g., cost) IoT applications. Two of the three connectivity topologies as defined in the Rel-18, namely Topology 1 and Topology 2, are agreed to be studied in Rel-19. Those two connectivity topologies are shown in FIG. 1.
[0050] As shown in the upper portion of FIG. 1, in Topology 1, the AIOT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a radio access network (e.g., a radio access node, a base station) . The communication between the base station and the AIOT device includes AIOT data and / or signaling. This topology includes the possibility that the BS that transmits to the AIOT device is different from the BS that receives from the AIOT device. In Topology 2, as shown in the lower portion of FIG. 1, the AIOT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node (I-node) between the AIOT device and base station. In this topology, the intermediate node can be a relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of AIOT. The intermediate node transfers the information between BS and the AIOT device.
[0051] The AIOT device may also be referred to Tag for short-range communications. In the rest of this disclosure, the AIOT device and Tag refer to the same terminal device and may be used interchangeably. The base station or intermediate node to transmit the signal to the AIOT device is also be called or referred to as an activator while the base station or intermediate node to receive the signal from the AIOT device is also called or may be referred to as a reader.
[0052] To find, discover, or look up the right (e.g., correct) AIOT device to AIOT services, the 5GC, RAN node and / or Intermediate node may maintain an association information for a certain AIOT device (e.g., a particular AIOT device or a respective AIOT device) , which indicates via which RAN node or I-node, the AIOT device will be reachable.
[0053] In 5GS, an individual UE is allocated with a 5G-GUTI (globally unique temporary identifier) , as shown in FIG. 2A. The 5G-GUTI includes a shorten UE ID, i.e., 5G-S-TMSI (temporary mobile subscriber identity) . The 5G-GUTI is used to support subscriber identity confidentiality, and, in the shortened 5G-S-TMSI form, is used to enable more efficient radio signalling procedures (e.g. paging and requesting of service / s (e.g. service request) .
[0054] Regarding device identifiers, there are already rich application scenarios with different universal identifier systems defined by other standardization organizations for applications using e.g., radio frequency identity (RFID) . To keep the universal characteristics of the identifier, the size of such identifiers is quite large. For example, unique identifier (UID) defined in ISO / IEC FCD 15693-3, which is set permanently by the IC manufacturer, has 64 bits.
[0055] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of UID defined in ISO / IEC FCD 15693-3. The UID format as shown comprises, from MSB (most significant bit) to LSB (least significant bit) , 8 bits set “E0” , an IC manufacturer code (on 8 bits according to ISO / IEC 7816-6 / AM1) , and a unique serial number (48 bits assigned by the IC manufacturer) .
[0056] Electronic product code is a universal identifier for any physical object. A typical size of EPC is 96 bits. EPC provides different kinds of Tag encoding forms by using specific universal resource identifier (URI) syntax. can be used in conjunction with other organization standards (e.g., global standard 1 (GS1) ) to identify and individual physical object, a class or grouping of physical objects.
[0057] EPC is a single, universal identifier for any physical object. The physical objects being tracked may include all kinds of items: trade items, reusable transports, fixed assets, service relations, documents, among others that might occur. By using the EPC, the application can use a single identifier to refer to any physical object, and it is not necessary to make a special case for each category of thing. The EPC URI is a string having the following form: [urn: epc: id: scheme: component1. component2…] Similar to the UID, the last component (or LSB bits) of EPC is assigned to serial number (SN) to distinguish individual physical object.
[0058] The present disclosure focuses on the following key issue in TR 23.700-13:
[0059] ● Key Issue #2: Identification, Subscription, Registration and Connection management Among all the three aspects to be studied in this KI, we focus on the below aspect:
[0060] ○ Study how to identify Ambient IoT Device or group of devices and how to format the identifier.
[0061] It has been suggested to allow the 5GS to allocate a network-controlled device ID. It is also proposed for 5GC to use 3rd party defined ID, as it stands, to identify the AIOT devices. However, for the reasons listed below with respect to several issues of concern, it is not proper to directly use the 3rd party defined ID in 5GC.
[0062] The first issue relates to privacy. It is possible that non-3GPP systems could become aware of the 3rd party defined IDs and attempt to retrieve data from the device by using these IDs.
[0063] The second issue relates to ID management. 5GC can support various AIOT services based on the AIOT device ID. In addition, the length and types of the AIOT device ID may vary if defined by 3rd party. For instance, if the ID scheme used in RFID system (EPC) is applied, the length of the ID can range from 96 bits to 274 bits for different type of applications. This variable length of the device ID could potentially lead to an ID management issue in 5GC as would have to accommodate such variability.
[0064] The third issue relates to resource efficiency. It is assumed that the magnitude of the AIOT devices will be on the order of millions to billions, so it is possible that there could be a large number of AIOT devices initiated by the network at the same time. To initiate the communication with AIOT devices, the network may need to include the AIOT devices IDs in the initiating messages. The longer the AIOT device ID, the less efficiency can be achieved.
[0065] In addition, current implementations have other drawbacks to overcome. For example, including some specific fields of service / owner / producer kind of information in the 5GS internal ID limits the scope of 5GS application scenarios. Some implementations assume that an AIOT device is pre-configured with default internal AIOT device ID. This strong assumption will limit the deployment of the AIOT services due to additional configuration burden. Further, how to create the internal AIOT device ID with the 3rd party defined SN is absent from current implementation, and how to use the internal AIOT device ID after allocation is also not mentioned.
[0066] The present disclosure provides solutions to manage AIOT device IDs which can accommodate variable encoding schemes applied to the 3rd party defined device ID (e.g., those used for RFID) and also consider the overhead of device management including privacy aspects.
[0067] For illustrative purposes, principles and example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIG. 3 to FIG. 11. However, it is to be noted that these embodiments are given to enable the skilled in the art to understand inventive concepts of the present disclosure and implement the solution as proposed herein, and not intended to limit scope of the present application in any way.
[0068] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 300 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 3, the communication network 300 may include a BS 310, multiple UEs 320-1 to 320-N (may be collectively or separately referred to as a UE 320) , and multiple AIOT devices 330.
[0069] In FIG. 3, a plurality of core network (CN) entities 350-1…350-N (collectively or individually referred as CN entity 350) in CN are also shown, where the CN may be a 5GC or a 6G core network. The core network entity 350 may be implemented as one or more network functions (NFs) including, for example, an AIOT function (AIOTF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) of a 5GC, or an application function (AF) , and the like.
[0070] The multiple UEs 320 may be within coverage of the BS 310, for example, each UE 320 can communicate with the BS 310. In some cases, a location of the BS 310 may be outdoor or indoor, a location of the UE 320 may be outdoor or indoor, and a location of the AIOT device 330 may be outdoor or indoor. The network 300 may be used in use cases such as inventory or command.
[0071] As shown in FIG. 3, the UE 320 may act as an intermediate node for (bidirectional) communication between the AIOT device 330 and the BS 310. In this disclosure, the UE 320 may also be interchangeably referred as an intermediate node (I-node) . It is to be understood that IoT enabled devices other than UE, such as a relay, IAB node, repeater, etc., may also act as the I-node. It is to be understood that the numbers of UEs or AIOT devices or CN entities shown in FIG. 3 are only for ease of illustration. The communication network 300 may include any suitable numbers of devices.
[0072] In the present disclosure, the BS 310 and the UE 320 may communicate with one or multiple AIOT devices; from AIOT device side, there may be no difference in physical layer design. That is; the AIOT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a device (e.g. the BS 310 or the UE 320) .
[0073] Regarding the issues mentioned above, certain embodiments of the disclosure provide a method that uses the 3rd party defined device ID to generate a network-defined ID for usage within the 5GS, wherein the network-defined ID is shorter than the 3rd party defined device ID. In this disclosure, the network-defined ID may be interchangeably used with a temporary ID. Depending on different use cases, the network-defined ID could include temporary AIOT ID (referred as T-AIOT ID) and an optional ID extension part. Some useful information or fields (e.g., particular information, certain fields, a number of fields) defined in the device ID may be extracted and stored as AIOT context for AIOT device management (e.g., internal group management, target AIOT devices filtering for AIOT services or path selection for AIOT service data transmission within the 5GS) . The ways to trigger the create of the network-defined ID and its usage within 5GS are described as below. It is worth noting that the embodiments of the disclosure are also applicable to different scenarios than the AIOT examples as described as below.
[0074] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow 400 for allocating a temporary ID of an AIOT device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process flow 400 involves a first network device 410 and a second network device 420. The first network device 410 may be a device or entity for performing an AIOT function (AIOTF, AMF or NEF) in the CN as described with reference to FIG. 3. The second network device 420 may be a device or entity for performing an application function (AF) in the CN network. It would be appreciated that the process 400 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0075] At 401, the second network device 420 transmits, to the first network device 410, a request 402 for allocation of temporary ID of an AIOT device for usage in a network. The request 402 may include a device ID of the AIOT device. The request 402 may include a list of device IDs of a list of AIOT devices. Accordingly, at 403, the first network device 410 receives the request 402.
[0076] The request for allocation of the temporary ID may be triggered during the registration for the AIOT device. For example, the request for allocation of the temporary ID may be triggered after the second network device 420 (e.g., AF) or AIOT platform authorizes and / or authenticates of a certain AIOT device. In some embodiments, the request for allocating the temporary ID may also be triggered as requested by the second network device 420 for any service request with new device IDs apart from the already registered device IDs from the second network device 420.
[0077] At 404, the first network device 410 allocates the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device. In some embodiments, the first network device 410 may check whether the second network device 420 is authorized to request the temporary ID.If the second network device 420 is authorized, the first network device 410 may perform the temporary ID allocation, otherwise, the second network device may reject the request 402.
[0078] The temporary ID may be uniquely created within the logical area under control of the first network entity 410. The first network device 410 may translate the device ID to a 5G self-defined temporary ID. In some embodiments, the temporary ID may comprise at least a part of serial number (SN) included in the device ID. Encoding format of temporary ID may be compatible with legacy UEs and can be distinguished from legacy UEs. More details about the encoding of the temporary ID will be described below with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
[0079] At 405, the first network device 410 may transmit, to the second network device 420, a response 406 to the allocation request. Accordingly, at 407, the second network device 420 receives the response 406 from the first network device 410. The response 406 may indicate or include information that indicates whether the temporary ID allocation is successful or not. In some embodiments, the response 406 may include the allocated temporary ID of the AIOT device. The second network device 420 may store the temporary ID and share the temporary ID with the AIOT device by, for example, an application mechanism or in an offline way.
[0080] In the following, the unique ID (UID) as defined by ISO / IEC FCD 15693-3 is used as an example to represent the 3rd party defined device ID. For ease of understanding, AIOTF is used as an example of the first network entity 410 and AF as an example of the second network entity 420. Without loss of generality, other examples of network entities may also be used to implement the solution disclosed herein. The term “temporary ID” may be interchangeably used with the term “temporary AIOT ID” (T-AIOT ID) . In addition, it is assumed that 5GC maintains the association information related to a certain AIOT device.
[0081] In some embodiments, encoding format of T-AIOT ID may be compatible with legacy UEs and can be distinguished from legacy UEs. FIG. 5 illustrates a T-AIOT ID format compatible to 5GS-TMSI in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0082] The AIOTF may create a full T-AIOT ID based on the UID, where the T-AIOT ID is a part of a full T-AIOT ID (similar as what is defined for 5G-S-TMSI versus 5G-GUTI) . The full T-AIOT ID may comprise the AIOTF ID, the T-AIOT ID and other information if any. Only T-AIOT ID but not the full T-AIOT ID could be provided to NG-RAN / UE. The format of full T-AIOT ID and T-AIOT ID are shown in FIG. 5.
[0083] As shown in FIG. 5, the full T-AIOT ID comprises mobile country code (MCC) field and mobile network code (MNC) field as defined in 5G-GUTI, an AIOTF identifier field including AIOTF Region ID, a AIOTF Set ID and a AIOTF pointer, and an AIOT-TMSI field which comprises at least a part of SN of the UID. Alternatively, the AIOT-TMSI field may comprise at least one random number, where the length of the random number may be equal to or shorter than the length of the SN of the UID. The T-AIOT ID may consist of or comprise the AIOTF Set ID, the AIOTF pointer and the AIOT-TMSI. That is, the T-AIOT ID may comprise a part of the ID of the AIOTF in addition to the information from the UID. The maximum number of bits of the T-AIOT ID may be predefined by the specification or operator, which is as M bits (M=X+Y+Z) as shown in FIG. 5, where X denotes the length of AIOTF Set ID, Y denotes the length of the AIOTF pointer, and Z denotes the length of the AIOT-TMSI.
[0084] As a part of the T-AIOT ID, the AIOT-TMSI consists of or comprises (part of) SN of the UID. In some embodiments, if the length of SN of UID <= Z, the full SN is used, and any insufficient portion (MSB bits) could be set to zero. Otherwise, the SN is truncated by Z bits, applied to the AIOT-TMSI. The remaining portion (MSB bits) of the SN could be interpreted by the 5GC as an extension of AIOT-TMSI (extended AIOT-TMSI, say “AIOT-TMSI-ext” ) . The AIOT-TMSI-ext can be used along with the AIOT-TMSI to identify certain AIOT devices. Therefore, depending on comparison between the lengths of the SN and the AIOT-TMSI, the T-AIOT ID may comprise a truncated SN (length of SN of UID > Z) , a full SN of the device ID (length of SN of UID = Z) , or a padded SN of the device ID (length of SN of UID < Z) .
[0085] For the encoding of T-AIOT ID, different options could be possible. In some implementations, the length of T-AIOT ID may be as same as the length of 5G-S-TMSI, where M=48 bits. If the AIOTF ID is encoded in the same manner as AMF, then X=10 bits, Y=6 bits and Z=32 bits. Alternatively, the AIOTF identifier may use a different encoding scheme than that used by legacy NF in 5GC. For example, in one encoding scheme, only AIOTF Region ID and AIOTF Pointer may be included and no AIOTF Set is used. Therefore, X=0bits, Y=6 bits, and then Z=42 bits. In another encoding scheme, it is possible that there is no AIOTF Pointer field at all include, i.e., X is 0 bits, Y is 0 bits and then Z is 48 bits.
[0086] In some implementations, in which the length of T-AIOT ID may be different from the length of 5G-S-TMSI, then M is predefined by the specification or operator. If the AIOTF ID is encoded as same as AMF, then X=10 bits, Y=6 bits. Alternatively, the AIOTF identifier may use a different encoding scheme to legacy NF in 5GC. For example, only AIOTF Region ID and AIOTF Pointer are included and no AIOTF Set is used. Therefore, X=0 bits, Y=6 bits, and then M=42 bits. It is to be understood that both of the AIOTF Set ID and AIOTF Pointer are optional, that is, X and / or Y could be 0 bits.
[0087] The 5GC (e.g., AIOTF) may also extract any syntax or fields of the UID and store them and build them into AIOT context during the above-mentioned translation step. Here, the AIOT context may include AIOT service context and / or AIOT group context. The AIOTF may determine the detailed translation method based on local policy or instruction from OAM (operations, administration, and maintenance) . In general principle, the AIOTF may decide to translate category or domain information into AIOT service context and decide to translate other information (e.g., scheme of EPC) into internal AIOT group ID and store it into the AIOT group context.
[0088] These contexts will help 5GS to filter target AIOT devices indicated in further AF request and / or path selection for AIOT services (e.g., Inventory or Command) transmission within the 5GS. Upon receiving an AF request for AIOT services configuration or data transmission, for example, Inventory or Command services, the 5GC (e.g., AIOTF) may map the requested UID to the T-AIOT ID, and then use the mapped T-AIOT ID and AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) instead of the requested or indicated UID within the 5GS (including the interface between I-node / RAN node and AIOT device) . The T-AIOT ID and AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) may be used in paging or other 5GC signaling. It is worth noting that the I-node and RAN node may use the AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) to distinguish the target AIOT devices when they have the same T-AIOT IDs because of truncation.
[0089] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of T-AIOT and AIOT context creation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 shows how the 3rd party defined non-3GPP AIOT device ID (such as UID and EPC) is translated into T-AIOT device ID and how the 5GC extracts syntax or fields of the 3rd party defined non-3GPP AIOT device ID and store it or build them into AIOT context.
[0090] Due to different formats as shown in FIG. 6, the SN or part of SN within block 601 is used to create the T-AIOT ID. If the SN > Z bits for the T-AIOT TMSI, the MSB bits of the SN within block 602 may be set as the extension, i.e., AIOT-TMSI-ext. The size of the AIOT-TMSI-ext could be predefined by the specification or operator.
[0091] In some embodiments, for 64-bit UID, ‘E0’ may be extracted and stored into AIOT service context, while the IC Mfg code may be translated and stored into the AIOT group context. If the Z bit is preconfigured by the 3GPP as 42 bits, since the SN (=48 bits) > 42 bits for the T-AIOT TMSI, the MSB 6 bits are extracted and set as AIOT-TMSI-ext, as shown in the block 602 in the FIG. 6. If the Z bit is preconfigured by the 3GPP as 48 bits or a larger size, then the full SN is used to encode the AIOT TMSI.
[0092] In some embodiments, for EPC encoding, the “scheme” field may be extracted and stored into the AIOT service context. The CompanyPrefix or ManagerNumber field may also be translated and stored into the AIOT service context or AIOT group context. The ItemRefAndIndicator or ObjectClass field may be translated into internal AIOT group ID and stored into the AIOT group context. It is noted that only two EPC example schemes are shown in FIG. 6, other schemes may also be applied to 3GPP and the AIOTF may determine the detailed translation method based on local policy or instruction from OAM.
[0093] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a process flow 700 for T-AIOT ID creation and usage in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the process flow 700, it is assumed that an intermediate node is a UE which takes the role of both activator and reader. Without loss of generality, it is also assumed that AIOT context is divided into service context and group context separately.
[0094] In general, the process flow 700 includes an example procedure of network-defined ID allocation based on AF’s request (Steps 1 to 7b) , and an example procedure of AIOT service transmission (Steps 8 to 20) . The two procedures may be performed separately.
[0095] At Step 1, the AF requests 5GS to perform network-defined AIOT ID allocation (i.e., the temporary ID) . The AF may transmit an AF request for the network-defined AIOT ID allocation to the AIOTF, where the AF request includes a Tag ID. In some embodiments, the AF may trigger the request for network-defined AIOT ID allocation during the registration for AIOT device procedure. Alternatively or additionally, the allocation request may be triggered as requested by the AF for any service request with new device IDs apart from the already registered device IDs from the AF. Other triggers are also possible.
[0096] At Step 2, the AIOTF may decide to translate the requested Tag ID into a full T-AIOT ID and optional into an AIOT group ID. The full T-AIOT ID may include a T-AIOT ID and an AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) . The new allocated full T-AIOT ID, or maybe only the part of T-AIOT ID, is stored into the association information of AIOT device and associated I-node or RAN node, via which the AIOT device is reachable. As the 3rd party manufactured device may use alphanumeric encoding for part of the fields, the AIOTF may need to detect and use it by translating those fields to binary encoding.
[0097] At Step 3: Other parts of the Tag ID can be extracted, translated and stored into AIOT context. The AIOTF context comprise service context and / or group context. Some fields may be translated and stored into the service context. If some fields are translated to internal AIOT group ID, it can be stored into AIOT group context. Such contexts may help 5GS to filter target AIOT devices indicated in further AF request and / or or path selection for AIOT services (e.g., Inventory or Command) transmission within the 5GS. Based on information included in the AF request, the AIOTF may compare it with stored AIOT context to determine the target AIOT devices and use together with stored association information to determine the path for AIOT services (e.g., along which 5GC NF, RAN node and I-node) to reach the target AIOT devices.
[0098] At Step 4, the AIOTF may determine to store the AIOT context into the UDM / UDR, including both AIOT service context and / or AIOT group context. In some implementations, the AIOFT may also store the network-defined AIOT ID and the Tag ID of the AIOT device, in association with the AIOT context, into the UDM / UDR.
[0099] At Step 5, the 5GS (e.g., the AIOTF) may determine whether to transmit the created / allocated network-defined AIOT ID (s) including T-AIOT ID and AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) to the corresponding AIOT devices as predefined behavior or based on local policy. In some embodiments, the 5GS may also depend on the AIOT device type, e.g., whether the AIOT device (s) has a writable memory or not, to make such decision. Only AIOT devices with the writable memory can receive the network-defined AIOT ID (s) . The 5GS can be aware of the AIOT device type as indicated by the AF or the AIOT device type of certain AIOT service is a prior knowledge to the 5GS. If the AIOTF device has a writable memory, the AIOTF may transmit a T-AIOT configuration (for example, via a dedicated message) to provision the AIOTF device with the new allocated network-defined AIOT ID. Legacy 5GSs signaling related to the associated I-node / RAN node can be reused.
[0100] In some embodiments, after every operation involving the AIOT service transmission (Inventory, Command, etc. . ) , the AIOTF may trigger a re-allocation operation towards the device to provide the T-AIOT ID next to be used, which is not shown in FIG. 7. How to perform the re-allocation is out of the scope of this disclosure. One candidate way is to use the way as shown in FIG. 7 to derive an initial T-AIOT ID. And the AIOTF and AIOT device use e.g., the same Hash algorithm to renew or re-allocate the latest T-AIOT ID for the next round of usage based on the existing T-AIOT ID.
[0101] At Step 6, the 5GC (AIOTF via NEF) may respond the AF request for allocation results, e.g., successful or not. In some embodiments, allocated network-defined AIOT ID (s) may be sent to the AF if Step 5 is not performed. The allocated network-defined AIOT ID (s) may be included in the AF response. Then at Steps 7a and 7b, the AF may share the received allocated network-defined AIOT ID (s) to the application server (AS) and the AS may further provision the ID (s) to the AIOT device. The AS may perform the provision by application layer mechanism or offline way.
[0102] Regarding the AIOTF service stage, take inventory as example. At Steps 8 and 9, upon receiving AIOT service request with Tag ID, the AIOTF may select the proper I-node / RAN node to reach the requested AIOT device (s) by the AF. At Step 10, the AIOTF will map the requested Tag ID to the latest T-AIOT ID and AIOT-TMSI-ext (if necessary) .
[0103] At Step 11 and12, the AIOTF may send the mapped T-AIOT ID and AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) to the AMF and trigger the paging procedure via Step 12. Note that paging message here is just an example and other core network siganling may be applied to convey the mapped T-AIOT ID and AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) to the AMF.
[0104] At Step 13 and 14, the NG-RAN maps the received paging message to RRC paging message and instruct the I-node to query the Tag via activation signaling. The network defined T-AIOT ID is used in the paging message and the activation signal.
[0105] At Steps 15 and16, the Tag may perform ID matching to see if the detected activation signal is for itself. If yes, it reacts to the signal and feedback its T-AIOT ID together with AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) .
[0106] If the AIOT device has no writable storage, upon receiving the activation signal, the AIOT device matches its own UID with the indicated AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) and T-AIOT ID.If the LSB Zbits of the SN matches to the AIOT-TMSI of the received T-AIOT ID, then the AIOT device determines it is the activation target and responds to the activation signal.
[0107] At Steps 18-20, upon receiving the response from AMF, the AIOTF may determine that the Tag is discovered successfully and then map the T-AIOT ID and AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) to the Tag ID and feedback to the AF. The signaling at Steps 19 and 20 may include the Tag ID instead of the T-AIOT ID and the AIOT-TMSI-ext (if exists) .
[0108] In view of above, embodiments of the disclosure provide advantageous network-defined ID management methods, which allow the AF or AS to use the 3rd party defined device ID to support 5GS services including the widely applied RFID systems. The proposed methods also provide more privacy support for AIOT services as the original device ID is not used. In some embodiments, aligned and inclusive network controlled AIOT ID management is used within the 5GS, no matter the encoding scheme is applied by the 3rd party application. In addition, more efficient and privacy transmission of the AIOT device ID is possible since the transformed temporary AIOT ID by 5GC is a kind of truncated ID from 3rd party defined device ID.
[0109] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800 implemented at a first network device (e.g., a device for performing ambient IoT function (AIOTF) ) in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. For ease of understanding, the method 800 will be described from the perspective of the first network device 410 with reference to FIG. 4.
[0110] At block 810, the first network device 410 receives, from a second network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for usage within a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device. At block 820, the first network device 410 allocates the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device.
[0111] In some embodiments, the temporary ID comprises at least a part of an ID of the first network device.
[0112] In some embodiments, the part of the ID of the first network device comprises at least one of: a set ID of the first network device, and a pointer of the first network device.
[0113] In some embodiments, a length of the temporary ID is a same length as a length of a 5G S-Temporary Mobile Subscription Identifier (5G-S-TMSI) .
[0114] In some embodiments, the first network device may create a full temporary ID of the AIOT device, wherein the full temporary ID comprises the ID of the first network device and the temporary ID of the AIOT device.
[0115] In some embodiments, the ID of the first network device comprised in the full temporary ID is encoded as is an access management function (AMF) ID in 5G-S-TMSI.
[0116] In some embodiments, the temporary ID comprises a truncated version of a serial number (SN) of the device ID, a full version of the SN of the device ID, or a padded version of the SN of the device ID.
[0117] In some embodiments, the first network device may create an extension of the temporary ID comprising a remaining part of the SN after truncation.
[0118] In some embodiments, the first network device may transmit at least the temporary ID of the AIOT device to the AIOT device.
[0119] In some embodiments, the temporary ID of the AIOT device is transmitted in a dedicated configuration message to the AIOT device, or in a response to the request for allocation by the second network device for further provisioning to the AIOT device.
[0120] In some embodiments, the first network device may transmit, to the second network device, a response that indicates whether allocation of the temporary ID is successful or not.
[0121] In some embodiments, the first network device may create context information of the AIOT device by extracting syntax information or field information of the device ID other than a serial number (SN) of the device ID.
[0122] In some embodiments, the context information comprises at least one of service context or group context of the AIOT device.
[0123] In some embodiments, the first network device may transmit the temporary ID and the context information to a Unified Data Management (UDM) or User Data Repository (UDR) network function for storage.
[0124] In some embodiments, the first network device may receive from the second network device, a service request including the device ID of the AIOT device; and based on reception of the service request, obtain the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID.
[0125] In some embodiments, the first network device may create extension information of the temporary ID of the wireless device based on the device ID, wherein the extension information comprises at least a remaining part of a SN in the device ID after truncation.
[0126] In some embodiments, the first network device may transmits, to an AMF associated with the AIOT device, a query request message including at least the temporary ID, wherein the query request signaling is to be used to discover the AIOT device and / or retrieve data from the AIOT device.
[0127] In some embodiments, the first network device may receive, via the AMF, a query response message including at least the temporary ID of the AIOT device; and transmit, to the second network device, a service response including the device ID of the AIOT device.
[0128] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) function (AIOTF) .
[0129] In some embodiments, the temporary ID comprises at least a part of serial number (SN) included in the device ID or a random number with a length equal to or shorter than the SN included in the device ID.
[0130] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 900 implemented at a second network device (e.g., a device for performing an application function (AF) ) in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. For ease of understanding, the method 900 will be described from the perspective of the second network device 420 with reference to FIG. 3.
[0131] At block 910, the second network device 420 transmits, to a first network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an AIOT device for usage in a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.
[0132] In some embodiments, the second network device may receive, from the first network device, a response including the temporary ID of the AIOT device.
[0133] In some embodiments, the second network device may provision, via an application server (AS) , the temporary ID to the AIOT device.
[0134] In some embodiments, the second network device comprises an Application Function (AF) , and wherein the AIOT device comprises an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device.
[0135] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 800 (for example, the first network device 410) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0136] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, at a first network device and from a second network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of a AIOT device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; and means for allocating, at the first network device, the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device, wherein the temporary ID is unique under control of the first network device.
[0137] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 800. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0138] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 900 (for example, the second network device 420) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0139] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for transmitting, from a second network device and to a first network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of a AIOT device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.
[0140] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 900. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0141] FIG. 10 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device 1000 that is suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the first network device or the second network device as shown in FIG. 4. As shown, the device 1000 includes one or more processors 1010, one or more memories 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, and one or more communication modules 1140 coupled to the processor 1010.
[0142] The communication module 1140 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 1140 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0143] The processor 1010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0144] The memory 1020 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1024, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 1022 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0145] A computer program 1030 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1010. The program 1030 may be stored in the ROM 1024. The processor 1010 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1030 into the RAM 1022.
[0146] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 1030 so that the device 1000 may perform any process or method of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIGS. 8 to 9. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0147] In some example embodiments, the program 1030 may be tangibly contained in a computer-readable medium which may be included in the device 1000 (such as in the memory 1020) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1000. The device 1000 may load the program 1030 from the computer-readable medium to the RAM 1022 for execution. The computer-readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) , such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like.
[0148] FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a computer-readable medium 1100 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The computer-readable medium 1100 has the program 1030 stored thereon. It is noted that although the computer-readable medium 1100 is depicted in form of CD or DVD in FIG. 11, the computer-readable medium 1100 may be in any other form suitable for carry or hold the program 1030.
[0149] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0150] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method 800 or 900 as described above with reference to FIGS. 8 to 9. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0151] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0152] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer-readable medium, and the like.
[0153] The computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0154] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0155] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to perform:receiving, from a second network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for usage within a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; andallocating the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device.2.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the temporary ID comprises at least a part of an ID of the first network device.3.The first network device of claim 2, wherein the part of the ID of the first network device comprises at least one of: a set ID of the first network device, and a pointer of the first network device.4.The first network device of claim 1, wherein a length of the temporary ID is a same length as a length of a 5G S-Temporary Mobile Subscription Identifier (5G-S-TMSI) .5.The first network device of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device to perform:creating a full temporary ID of the AIOT device, wherein the full temporary ID comprises the ID of the first network device and the temporary ID of the AIOT device.6.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the ID of the first network device comprised in the full temporary ID is encoded as is an access management function (AMF) ID in 5G-S-TMSI.7.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the temporary ID comprises a truncated version of a serial number (SN) of the device ID, a full version of the SN of the device ID, or a padded version of the SN of the device ID.8.The first network device any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device to perform:creating an extension of the temporary ID comprising a remaining part of the SN after truncation.9.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device to perform:transmitting at least the temporary ID of the AIOT device to the AIOT device.10.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the temporary ID of the AIOT device is transmitted in a dedicated configuration message to the AIOT device, or in a response to the request for allocation by the second network device for further provisioning to the AIOT device.11.The first network device of any of claim 1-8, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device to perform:transmitting, to the second network device, a response that indicates whether allocation of the temporary ID is successful or not.12.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device to perform:creating context information of the AIOT device by extracting syntax information or field information of the device ID other than a serial number (SN) of the device ID.13.The first network device of claim 12, wherein the context information comprises at least one of service context or group context of the AIOT device.14.The first network device of claim 12 or 13, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device to perform:transmiting the temporary ID and the context information to a Unified Data Management (UDM) or User Data Repository (UDR) network function for storage.15.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device to perform:receiving, from the second network device, a service request including the device ID of the AIOT device; andbased on reception of the service request, obtaining the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID.16.The first network device of claim 15, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device to perform:creating extension of the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID, wherein the extension of the temporary ID comprises at least a remaining part of a SN in the device ID after truncation.17.The first network device of claim 15, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device to perform:transmitting, to an AMF associated with the AIOT device, a query request message including at least the temporary ID, wherein the query request signaling is to be used to discover the AIOT device and / or retrieve data from the AIOT device.18.The first network device of claim 17, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device to perform:receiving, via the AMF, a query response message including at least the temporary ID of the AIOT device; andtransmitting, to the second network device, a service response including the device ID of the AIOT device.19.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 18, wherein the first network device comprises an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) function (AIOTF) .20.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 19, wherein the temporary ID comprises at least a part of serial number (SN) included in the device ID or a random number with a length equal to or shorter than the SN included in the device ID.21.A second network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to perform:transmitting, to a first network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for usage within a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.22.The second network device of claim 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second network device to perform:receiving, from the first network device, a response including the temporary ID of the AIOT device.23.The second network device of claim 22, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second network device to perform:provisioning, via an application server (AS) , the temporary ID to the AIOT device.24.The second network device of claim 21, wherein the second network device comprises an Application Function (AF) .25.A method comprising:receiving, at a first network device and from a second network device, a request for allocation of a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for usage in a network, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; andallocating, at the first network device, the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device, wherein the temporary ID is unique under control of the first network device.26.A method comprising:transmitting, from a second network device and to a first network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.27.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, at a first network device and from a second network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; andmeans for allocating, at the first network device, the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device, wherein the temporary ID is unique under control of the first network device.28.A method comprising:means for transmitting, from a second network device and to a first network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.29.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least:receiving, at a first network device and from a second network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device; andallocating, at the first network device, the temporary ID of the AIOT device based on the device ID of the AIOT device, wherein the temporary ID is unique under control of the first network device.30.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least:transmitting, from a second network device and to a first network device, a request for allocating a temporary ID of an ambient Internet of Things (AIOT) device for network usage, the request including a device identifier (ID) of the AIOT device.
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