Method and apparatus for communicating a physical device-to-reader channel in a wireless communication system
The PDRCH structure addresses the communication limitations of A-IoT devices by enabling reliable and energy-efficient UL/D2R transmissions through preambles, midambles, and postambles, facilitating efficient data transfer in 5G NR systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/086251
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
A-IoT devices, due to their low complexity and power constraints, are unable to support various uplink channels or signals, limiting their communication capabilities, particularly in 5G NR systems.
Implementing a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) structure with preambles, midambles, and postambles for A-IoT devices to facilitate UL/D2R transmissions, enabling pathloss measurements for efficient energy use and reliable communication.
Enables A-IoT devices to transmit data to a network entity in a reliable and energy-efficient manner by using PDRCH structures, allowing readers to ascertain transmission characteristics effectively.
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Figure CN2024086251_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING A PHYSICAL DEVICE-TO-READER CHANNEL IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication, and more particularly, to an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device transmitting a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) to a reader.BACKGROUND
[0002] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifies a radio interface referred to as fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) (5G NR) . An architecture for a 5G NR wireless communication system includes a 5G core (5GC) network, a 5G radio access network (5G-RAN) , a user equipment (5G UE) , etc. The 5G NR architecture seeks to provide increased data rates, decreased latency, and / or increased capacity compared to prior generation cellular communication systems.
[0003] Wireless communication systems, in general, provide various telecommunication services (e.g., telephony, video, data, messaging, etc. ) based on multiple-access technologies, such as orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technologies, that support communication with multiple UEs. Improvements in mobile broadband continue the progression of such wireless communication technologies. For example, an A-IoT device may have a relatively low complexity and / or may be power constrained. The A-IoT device may not support certain types of uplink (UL) channels or UL signals.
[0004] BRIEF SUMMARY
[0005] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineates the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0006] The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a collective of network connected devices and the technology that facilitates communication between the connected devices and the cloud, as well as between the connected devices themselves. The IoT may include an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device. An A-IoT device refers to an ultra-low power device with ultra-low complexity. For instance, an A-IoT device may have a lower power consumption, a lower complexity, and / or a lower data rate compared to a power consumption, a complexity, and / or a data rate of other types of IoT devices, such as a narrow band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, a reduced capability (RedCap) user equipment (UE) , an enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) device, or a Long-Term Evolution Machine Type Communication (LTE-M) device. In an example, an A-IoT device is a tag that is placed on a container that broadcasts a condition of the container. An A-IoT device is capable of harvesting energy from external sources (e.g., a carrier wave or RF signal or other power sources) , storing the energy in an energy storage element, and using the stored energy to communicate (e.g., transmit or receive a communication) and / or perform an action (e.g., perform a measurement) . A communication transmitted from an A-IoT device to a network entity may be referred to as a Device-to-Reader (D2R) communication (i.e., similar to an uplink (UL) communication) , whereas a communication transmitted from the network entity to the A-IoT device may be referred to as a Reader-to-Device (R2D) communication (i.e., similar to a downlink (DL) communication) . An A-IoT device may be categorized as an A-IoT device 1 (~1 μW peak power consumption, unable to perform DL / R2D and UL / D2R amplifications) , as an A-IoT device 2a (less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption, UL / D2R transmission signal generation via backscattering of an external carrier wave) , or as an A-IoT device 2b (less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption, active UL / D2R signal generation) .
[0007] In Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR) , a UE can transmit an UL transmission, where the UL transmission may be a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , a physical random access channel (PRACH) , or a sounding reference signal (SRS) . However, an A-IoT device may not support all of the aforementioned types of UL transmissions due to a low complexity and / or power consumption of the A-IoT device. As such, an A-IoT device may support only one channel for UL transmissions (i.e., D2R transmissions) . Such a channel is referred to as a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) .
[0008] Aspects of the present disclosure address the above-noted and other deficiencies by implementing a design of a PDRCH used by an A-IoT device to transmit UL / D2R transmissions to a reader. The present disclosure details a structure of a PDRCH in view of D2R layer 1 (L1) control information of a PDRCH. The present disclosure further details a procedure for transmitting D2R preamble (s) , D2R midamble (s) , and / or D2R postamble (s) . The D2R preamble (s) and / or the D2R midamble (s) can indicate location (s) of the D2R L1 control information and / or D2R data information. The D2R postamble (s) can indicate an end of a PDRCH transmission. The A-IoT device can perform a pathloss measurement on R2D L1 control information in order to determine an amplification factor or a reflection factor that the A-IoT device can use for transmitting a PDRCH. The present disclosure facilitates an A-IoT device transmitting an D2R transmission to a network entity in a reliable and energy efficient manner. For instance, vis-à-vis transmitting a PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, a reader can readily ascertain characteristics of the PDRCH, thus enabling the reader to receive the UL / D2R transmission in a reliable and energy efficient manner.
[0009] According to some aspects, a first wireless device (e.g., an A-IoT device) receives, from a second wireless device (e.g., a network entity, a UE, a reader) , a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) . The first wireless device receives, from the second wireless device, reader-to-device (R2D) layer one (L1) control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH. The first wireless device transmits, to the second wireless device, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to-reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.
[0010] According to some aspects, a second wireless device (e.g., a reader, such as a network entity or a UE) transmits, to a first wireless device (e.g., an A-IoT device) , a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) . The second wireless device transmits, to the first wireless device, reader-to-device (R2D) layer one (L1) control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH. The second wireless device receives, from the first wireless device, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of a wireless communications system that includes a plurality of user equipments (UEs) and network entities in communication over one or more cells according to an embodiment.
[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of an example system including a network entity and a wireless device according to an embodiment.
[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of an example system including a network entity and a wireless device according to an embodiment.
[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates a topology diagram in which a network entity and a wireless device communicate according to an embodiment.
[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates a topology diagram in which a network entity and a wireless device communicate via an intermediate node according to an embodiment.
[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a first topology diagram and a second topology diagram in which an assisting node participates in communication between a network entity and a wireless device according to an embodiment.
[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates a topology diagram in which a wireless device and a UE communicate directly according to an embodiment.
[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating communications between a first wireless device and a second wireless device for communicating a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) according to an embodiment.
[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates a diagram of an example of a channel structure of a PDRCH according to an embodiment.
[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates a diagram of an example of a channel structure of a PDRCH according to an embodiment.
[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates a diagram of an example of a channel structure of a PDRCH according to an embodiment.
[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates a diagram of an example of a channel structure of a PDRCH according to an embodiment.
[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates a diagram of an example of an on-off-key 1 (OOK-1) modulation scheme according to an embodiment.
[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a diagram of an example of an on-off-key 4 (OOK-4) modulation scheme according to an embodiment.
[0025] FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication at a first wireless device according to an embodiment.
[0026] FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication at a second wireless device according to an embodiment.
[0027] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a hardware implementation for an example UE apparatus according to some embodiments.
[0028] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a hardware implementation for one or more example network entities according to some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram 100 of a wireless communications system associated with a plurality of cells 190. The wireless communications system includes user equipments (UEs) 102 and base stations / network entities 104. Some base stations may include an aggregated base station architecture and other base stations may include a disaggregated base station architecture. The aggregated base station architecture utilizes a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node. A disaggregated base station architecture utilizes a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (e.g., radio unit (RU) 106, distributed unit (DU) 108, central unit (CU) 110) . For example, a CU 110 is implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs 108 may be co-located with the CU 110, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs 108 may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs 106. Any of the RU 106, the DU 108 and the CU 110 can be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual radio unit (VRU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual central unit (VCU) . The base station / network entity 104 (e.g., an aggregated base station or disaggregated units of the base station, such as the RU 106 or the DU 108) , may be referred to as a transmission reception point (TRP) .
[0030] Operations of the base station 104 and / or network designs may be based on aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base station architectures are utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open-radio access network (O-RAN) network, or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , which may also be referred to a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) . Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across the two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network designs. The various units of the disaggregated base station architecture, or the disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit. For example, the base stations 104d, 104e and / or the RUs 106a, 106b, 106c, 106d may communicate with the UEs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, and / or 102s via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links based on a Uu interface. In examples, multiple RUs 106 and / or base stations 104 may simultaneously serve the UEs 102, such as by intra-cell and / or inter-cell access links between the UEs 102 and the RUs 106 / base stations 104.
[0031] The RU 106, the DU 108, and the CU 110 may include (or may be coupled to) one or more interfaces configured to transmit or receive information / signals via a wired or wireless transmission medium. For example, a wired interface can be configured to transmit or receive the information / signals over a wired transmission medium, such as via the fronthaul link 160 between the RU 106d and the baseband unit (BBU) 112 of the base station 104d associated with the cell 190d. The BBU 112 includes a DU 108 and a CU 110, which may also have a wired interface (e.g., midhaul link) configured between the DU 108 and the CU 110 to transmit or receive the information / signals between the DU 108 and the CU 110. In further examples, a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver, such as an RF transceiver, configured to transmit and / or receive the information / signals via the wireless transmission medium, such as for information communicated between the RU 106a of the cell 190a and the base station 104e of the cell 190e via cross-cell communication beams 136-138 of the RU 106a and the base station 104e.
[0032] The RUs 106 may be configured to implement lower layer functionality. For example, the RU 106 is controlled by the DU 108 and may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or lower layer PHY functionality, such as execution of fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc. The functionality of the RU 106 may be based on the functional split, such as a functional split of lower layers.
[0033] The RUs 106 may transmit or receive over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 102. For example, the RU 106b of the cell 190b communicates with the UE 102b of the cell 190b via a first set of communication beams 132 of the RU 106b and a second set of communication beams 134b of the UE 102b, which may correspond to inter-cell communication beams or, in some examples, cross-cell communication beams. For instance, the UE 102b of the cell 190b may communicate with the RU 106a of the cell 190a via a third set of communication beams 134a of the UE 102b and a fourth set of communication beams 136 of the RU 106a. DUs 108 can control both real-time and non-real-time features of control plane and user plane communications of the RUs 106.
[0034] Any combination of the RU 106, the DU 108, and the CU 110, or reference thereto individually, may correspond to a base station 104. Thus, the base station 104 may include at least one of the RU 106, the DU 108, or the CU 110. The base stations 104 provide the UEs 102 with access to a core network. The base stations 104 may relay communications between the UEs 102 and the core network (not shown) . The base stations 104 may be associated with macrocells for higher-power cellular base stations and / or small cells for lower-power cellular base stations. For example, the cell 190e may correspond to a macrocell, whereas the cells 190a-190d may correspond to small cells. Small cells include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc. A network that includes at least one macrocell and at least one small cell may be referred to as a “heterogeneous network. ”
[0035] Transmissions from a UE 102 to a base station 104 / RU 106 are referred to as uplink (UL) transmissions, whereas transmissions from the base station 104 / RU 106 to the UE 102 are referred to as downlink (DL) transmissions. Uplink transmissions may also be referred to as reverse link transmissions and downlink transmissions may also be referred to as forward link transmissions. For example, the RU 106d utilizes antennas of the base station 104d of cell 190d to transmit a downlink / forward link communication to the UE 102d or receive an uplink / reverse link communication from the UE 102d based on the Uu interface associated with the access link between the UE 102d and the base station 104d / RU 106d.
[0036] Communication links between the UEs 102 and the base stations 104 / RUs 106 may be based on multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links may be associated with one or more carriers. The UEs 102 and the base stations 104 / RUs 106 may utilize a spectrum bandwidth of Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, 800, 1600, 2000, etc. MHz) per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz, where x component carriers (CCs) are used for communication in each of the uplink and downlink directions. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other along a frequency spectrum. In examples, uplink and downlink carriers may be allocated in an asymmetric manner, with more or fewer carriers allocated to either the uplink or the downlink. A primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers may be included in the component carriers. The primary component carrier may be associated with a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be associated with a secondary cell (SCell) .
[0037] Some UEs 102, such as the UEs 102a and 102s, may perform device-to-device (D2D) communications over sidelink. For example, a sidelink communication / D2D link utilizes a spectrum for a wireless wide area network (WWAN) associated with uplink and downlink communications. Such sidelink / D2D communication may be performed through various wireless communications systems, such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, Bluetooth systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, New Radio (NR) systems, etc.
[0038] The UEs 102 and the base stations 104 / RUs 106 may each include a plurality of antennas. The plurality of antennas may correspond to antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays that may facilitate beamforming operations. For example, the RU 106b transmits a downlink beamformed signal based on a first set of communication beams 132 to the UE 102b in one or more transmit directions of the RU 106b. The UE 102b may receive the downlink beamformed signal based on a second set of communication beams 134b from the RU 106b in one or more receive directions of the UE 102b. In a further example, the UE 102b may also transmit an uplink beamformed signal (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS) ) to the RU 106b based on the second set of communication beams 134b in one or more transmit directions of the UE 102b. The RU 106b may receive the uplink beamformed signal from the UE 102b in one or more receive directions of the RU 106b. The UE 102b may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for the beamformed signals. The transmit and receive directions for the UEs 102 and the base stations 104 / RUs 106 may or may not be the same.
[0039] In further examples, beamformed signals may be communicated between a first base station / RU 106a and a second base station 104e. For instance, the base station 104e of the cell 190e may transmit a beamformed signal to the RU 106a based on the communication beams 138 in one or more transmit directions of the base station 104e. The RU 106a may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 104e of the cell 190e based on the RU communication beams 136 in one or more receive directions of the RU 106a. In further examples, the base station 104e transmits a downlink beamformed signal to the UE 102e based on the communication beams 138 in one or more transmit directions of the base station 104e. The UE 102e receives the downlink beamformed signal from the base station 104e based on UE communication beams 130 in one or more receive directions of the UE 102e. The UE 102e may also transmit an uplink beamformed signal to the base station 104e based on the UE communication beams 130 in one or more transmit directions of the UE 102e, such that the base station 104e may receive the uplink beamformed signal from the UE 102e in one or more receive directions of the base station 104e.
[0040] The base station 104 may include and / or be referred to as a network entity. That is, “network entity” may refer to the base station 104 or at least one unit of the base station 104, such as the RU 106, the DU 108, and / or the CU 110. The base station 104 may also include and / or be referred to as a next generation evolved Node B (ng-eNB) , a next generation NB (gNB) , an evolved NB (eNB) , an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , a TRP, a network node, network equipment, a reader or other related terminology. The base station 104 or an entity at the base station 104 can be implemented as an IAB node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station, or a disaggregated base station including one or more RUs 106, DUs 108, and / or CUs 110. A set of aggregated or disaggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation-radio access network (NG-RAN) . In some examples, the UE 102a operates in dual connectivity (DC) with the base station 104e and the base station / RU 106a. In such cases, the base station 104e can be a master node and the base station / RU 160a can be a secondary node.
[0041] The wireless communication system includes a first wireless device 103. In an example, the wireless device is an A-IoT device. An A-IoT device refers to an ultra-low power device with ultra-low complexity. An A-IoT device may have a lower power consumption, a lower complexity, and / or a lower date rate than a power consumption, a complexity, and / or a data rate of an NB-IoT, a RedCap UE, an eMTC device, and / or an LTE-M device.
[0042] An A-IoT device (e.g., the first wireless device 103) may be categorized as an A-IoT device 1, an A-IoT device 2a, or an A-IoT device 2b. An A-IoT device 1 may have around a 1 μW peak power consumption. The A-IoT device 1 may include energy storage elements (e.g., a capacitor or battery) . The A-IoT device 1 may harvest or obtain energy from ambient power (e.g., radio frequency (RF) energy, solar energy / light, thermal energy, mechanical vibration, etc. ) . The A-IoT device 1 may store energy in the energy storage elements. The A-IoT device 1 may have an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm. The value of X may be 4 or 5. The A-IoT device 1 may not support DL / R2D amplification (i.e., amplification of DL / R2D reception) nor UL / D2R amplification (i.e., amplification of UL / D2R transmission) . The A-IoT device 1 may perform UL / D2R transmissions by backscattering on an externally provided carrier wave. Backscattering refers to a reflection of waves, particles, or signals to a direction in which the waves, particles, or signals arrived. The A-IoT device 1 may not support generating an RF signal (e.g., for UL / D2R transmission) internally on its own.
[0043] An A-IoT device 2a may have around a few hundred μW of peak power consumption or below 1 mW of peak power consumption. The A-IoT device 2a may include energy storage elements (e.g., a capacitor or battery) . The A-IoT device 2a may harvest or obtain energy from ambient power (e.g., RF energy, solar energy / light, thermal energy, mechanical vibration, etc. ) . The A-IoT device 2a may store energy in the energy storage elements. The A-IoT device 2a may have an initial SFO of up to 10X ppm. The value of X may be 4 or 5. The A-IoT device 2a may support DL / R2D amplification (i.e., amplification of DL / R2D reception) and UL / D2R amplification (i.e., amplification of UL / D2R transmission) . The A-IoT device 2a may perform UL / D2R transmissions by backscattering on an externally provided carrier wave.
[0044] An A-IoT device 2b may have around a few hundred μW of peak power consumption or below 1 mW of peak power consumption. The A-IoT device 2b may include energy storage elements (e.g., a capacitor or battery) . The A-IoT device 2b may harvest or obtain energy from ambient power (e.g., RF energy, solar energy / light, thermal energy, mechanical vibration, etc. ) . The A-IoT device 2b may store energy in the energy storage elements. The A-IoT device 2b may have an initial SFO of up to 10X ppm. The value of X may be 4 or 5. The A-IoT device 2b may support DL / R2D amplification (i.e., amplification of DL / R2D reception) and UL / D2R amplification (i.e., amplification of UL / D2R transmission) . The A-IoT device 2b may support generating an RF signal (e.g., for UL / D2R transmission) internally.
[0045] An A-IoT device may operate in a frequency-division duplexing (FDD) manner, that is, an UL spectrum and a DL spectrum may exist for the A-IoT device. Different deployment scenarios and topologies may exist for A-IoT devices. In one deployment scenario and topology, both a base station and A-IoT devices are located indoors, and the base station and the A-IoT devices communicate directly. The base station can serve the A-IoT devices, as well as NR mobile UEs in a microcell. In another deployment scenario and topology, the base station is located outdoors and the A-IoT devices are located indoors, where an intermediate node transfers A-IoT data and / or A-IoT signaling between the base station and the A-IoT devices. In an example, the UE serves as the intermediate node, where the network controls the UE. The base station can serve NR mobile UEs and A-IoT in a macrocell. The intermediate node may be located indoors.
[0046] The wireless communication system includes a second wireless device 105. The second wireless device 105 may be or include the base station 104, a network entity, a reader, the UE 102, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , an intermediate node, or an assisting node. As will be described in greater detail below, the second wireless device 105 may transmit a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) to the first wireless device 103 and the first wireless device 103 may receive the PRDCH from the second wireless device 105. The first wireless device 103 transmits a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) to the second wireless device 105 and the second wireless device 105 receives the PDRCH from the first wireless device 103.
[0047] A network entity (e.g., the network entity 104) may communicate and / or serve one or more devices in a serving cell. The one or more devices may include UEs (e.g., the UE 102) and / or A-IoT devices (e.g., the first wireless device 103) . The A-IoT devices may include one or more IoT device 1 (i.e., first devices) , one or more IoT device 2a (i.e., second devices) , and / or one or more IoT device 2b (i.e., third devices) . In implementations, the network entity communicates or serves the one or more devices in Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and / or in the licensed spectrum. In some implementations, the network entity communicates and / or serves the one or more devices in a FDD manner or spectrum. In an example, the network entity transmit or forwards DL / R2D transmissions to the one or more devices in a DL band. The network entity may receive UL / D2R transmissions or backscattered transmissions from the one or more devices in an UL band. The one or more devices receive DL / R2D transmissions or forward transmissions from the network entity in the DL band. The one or more devices may transmit UL / D2R transmissions or back transmissions to the network entity in the UL band. In aspects, the first devices, the second devices, and / or the third devices do not maintain or stay in a radio resource control (RRC) state (e.g., RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_CONNECTED) regardless of whether the first devices, the second devices, and / or the third devices establish an RRC connection and regardless of whether the RRC connection is supported for the first devices, the second devices, and / or the third devices. In aspects, the first devices, the second devices, and / or the third devices do not support or perform cell selection or cell reselection procedures. In aspects, the first devices, the second devices, and / or the third devices do not perform hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) or automatic repeat request (ARQ) procedures. Nevertheless, this would not prevent A-IoT devices from sending an acknowledgement (ACK) or a negative acknowledgment (NACK) for a received / detected PRDCH.
[0048] The first wireless device 103 includes a logic 107 that enables the first wireless device 103 to perform the functionality described herein. The first wireless device 103 includes an energy harvester 109 that is configured to harvest energy. The first wireless device 103 includes an energy storage element 111 (e.g., a battery, a capacitor) . The first wireless device 103 stores harvested energy in the energy storage element 111. The first wireless device 103 includes an antenna 113 that facilitates communication with the second wireless device 105 (e.g., the network entity 104) . The first wireless device 103 may include a sensor 115 that enables the first wireless device 103 to sense surroundings of the first wireless device 103. In an example, the sensor 115 includes or is associated with the sensor (s) module 1712.
[0049] Still referring to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, any of the UEs 102 may include a PDRCH configuration component 140 configured to transmit, to a first wireless device, a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) ; transmit, to the first wireless device, reader-to-device (R2D) layer one (L1) control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and receive, from the first wireless device, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.
[0050] In certain aspects, any of the base stations 104 or a network entity of the base stations 104 may include a PDRCH configuration component 150 configured to transmit, to a first wireless device, a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) ; transmit, to the first wireless device, reader-to-device (R2D) layer one (L1) control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and receive, from the first wireless device, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.
[0051] In certain aspects, the first wireless device 103 includes a PDRCH component 141 configured to receive, from a second wireless device, a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) ; receive, from the second wireless device, reader-to-device (R2D) layer one (L1) control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and transmit, to the second wireless device, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to-reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.
[0052] Accordingly, FIG. 1 describes a wireless communication system that may be implemented in connection with aspects of one or more other figures described herein. Further, although the following description may be focused on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as 5G-Advanced and future versions, LTE, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , and other wireless technologies, such as 6G.
[0053] FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram 200 of an example system including the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 according to an embodiment. In an example, the first wireless device 103 is an A-IoT device. Although the following description describes the first wireless device 103 as an A-IoT device, the first wireless device 103 can be implemented as any suitable electronic device, such as a mobile communication device, a modem, cellular phone, gaming device, navigation device, media device, laptop computer, desktop computer, tablet computer, smart appliance, vehicle-based communication system, an Internet-of-things (IoT) device (e.g., sensor node, controller / actuator node, combination thereof) , and the like. In some implementations, the network entity 104 is a base station. Alternatively, or additionally, the network entity 104 can include a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a relay, a UE, a reader, or another type of hardware capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals according to one or more applicable radio access technologies (RATs) as specified by one or more communications protocols or standards. The network entity 104 can employ any of a variety of RATs, such as operating as a NodeB (or as a base transceiver station (BTS) ) for a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) RAT (also known as “3G” ) , operating as an enhanced NodeB ( “eNB” ) for a 3GPP LTE RAT, operating as a 5G node B ( “gNB” ) for a 3GPP 5G NR RAT, and the like. The network entity 104 (e.g., a base station, an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Node B (E-UTRAN Node B) , an evolved Node B, an eNodeB, an eNB, a Next Generation Node B, a gNode B, a gNB, an ng-eNB, access point, a radio head or the like) may be implemented in a macrocell, a microcell, a small cell, a picocell, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the functionality, and thus the hardware components, of the network entity 104 may be distributed across multiple network nodes or devices and may be distributed in a manner to perform the functions described herein. In an example, the functionality of the network entity 104 may be distributed across a combination of the RU 106, the DU 108, and the CU 110.
[0054] The network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 utilize an UL or a D2R transmission path for UL / D2R communication from the first wireless device 103 to the network entity 104. The network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 utilize a DL or a R2D transmission path for DL / R2D communication from the network entity 104 to the first wireless device 103. In some implementations, the UL / D2R transmission path may include a data message / signal, a control signal, a reference signal, and / or a connection establishment signal / message. In some implementations, the UL / D2R transmission path may include one or more of a Physical Device-to-Reader Channel (PDRCH) , a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) , a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) , and / or a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) . The first wireless device 103 may transmit user data (e.g., voice data, video data, or text message data) to the network entity 104 via the PUSCH and the network entity 104 may receive the user data via the PUSCH. Additionally, the first wireless device 103 may transmit control information (e.g., uplink control information (UCI) ) via the PUSCH / PDRCH and the network entity 104 may receive the control information via the PUSCH / PDRCH. Multiple UEs and / or wireless devices may share the PUSCH / PDRCH resource (s) . The first wireless device 103 may transmit control information (e.g., UCI, channel quality feedback, scheduling requests, acknowledgments) to the network entity 104 via the PUCCH / PDRCH and the network entity 104 may receive the control information via the PUCCH / PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may access a system (i.e., a wireless communication system) for random or contention-based access in an UL direction via the PRACH / PDRCH, which enables the first wireless device 103 to access the system without a prior reservation. In some aspects, the PDRCH can implement functionalities of one or more of the PUSCH, the PUCCH, or the PRACH.
[0055] In some implementations, the DL / R2D transmission path may include one or more of a Physical Reader-to-Device Channel (PRDCH) , a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) , a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) , a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , or a paging channel. The network entity 104 may transmit user data to the first wireless device 103 via the PDSCH / PRDCH and the first wireless device 103 may receive the user data from network entity via the PDSCH / PRDCH. Multiple UEs may share the PDSCH / PRDCH resource (s) . As with the PUSCH, the user data from the network entity 104 may include any type of information, such as voice data, video data, or text message data. The network entity 104 may transmit control information (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) ) via the PDCCH / PRDCH and the first wireless device 103 may receive the control information via the PDCCH / PRDCH. The paging channel is used to notify the first wireless device 103 that there is incoming traffic for it from the network entity 104. In some implementations, the PRDCH can implement functionalities of one or more of the PDSCH, the PDCCH, or the PBCH.
[0056] Radio resource control (RRC) is a component of a radio interface protocol stack that the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 use to communicate. Among other functions, the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 may use RRC messaging to establish and / or release radio connections and resources. In an RRC connected state, the first wireless device 103 has an active wireless radio connection with the network entity 104. When the first wireless device 103 no longer needs an active wireless radio connection, the first wireless device 103 can transition from the RRC connected state to an RRC idle or an RRC inactive state to release or suspend, respectively, the wireless radio connection. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may not maintain or stay in any RRC state (e.g., RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_CONNECTED) , regardless of whether the first wireless device 103 has established an RRC connection or whether the first wireless device 103 supports the RRC connection. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 (e.g., an A-IoT device) may not support or perform cell selection / re-selection procedures as frequently as a UE that performs cell selection / re-selection procedures. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may not perform cell selection / re-selection procedures at all. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may not support or perform automatic repeat request (ARQ) or hybrid ARQ (HARQ) features.
[0057] The network entity 104 may communicate or serve one or more wireless devices (such as the first wireless device 103) in a serving cell operating in Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and / or in a licensed spectrum. In some instances, the first wireless device 103 may be different from another UE. In an example, the first wireless device 103 implements A-IoT features and is referred to as an A-IoT device, a low-power device, a backscatter device, or as another term, depending on the design and features of the first wireless device 103. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 is a low complexity device with low power consumption for an IoT application. The first wireless device 103 may fulfill use cases and scenarios that cannot be fulfilled using existing 3GPP low power wide area (LPWA) IoT technology (e.g., narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) including with reduced peak transmit power) .
[0058] In some implementations, the network entity 104 may communicate or serve the first wireless device 103 in a frequency division duplexing (FDD) manner or spectrum. FDD refers to a method of establishing a full-duplex communication link that uses two different radio frequencies for transmitter operations and receiver operations. In some implementations, the network entity 104 may perform DL / Forward link (FL) / R2D transmissions to the first wireless device 103 in a DL band. For instance, the network entity 104 communicates (i.e., transmits) a DL / R2D communication 204 to the first wireless device 103 in a DL band. In addition to conveying configuration information, control signaling, and / or DL / R2D data, the DL / R2D communication 204 also can provide energy to the first wireless device 103 when the first wireless device 103 includes energy harvesting capabilities. The network entity 104 can also transmit (or cause another entity to transmit) a first carrier wave 206 to the first wireless device 103 to enable at least one of energy harvesting or UL / D2R communications. Alternatively, or additionally, the first wireless device 103 can obtain energy or communicate using a second carrier wave 210 from an entity 212. In an example, the entity 212 is another network entity, a UE, etc. In some implementations, the first carrier wave 206 may be a reference signal, a resource / wave with transmission power detectable, or a sequence. The first wireless device 103 can communicate (i.e., transmit) an UL / D2R communication 208 to the network entity 104 using backscatter modulation of the first carrier wave 206 (or the second carrier wave 210) . Backscatter refers to a technique in which a device (e.g., the first wireless device 103) receives energy from a received transmission and uses the energy to send a subsequent transmission without the aid of an internal power source. The network entity 104 may receive the UL / D2R communication 208 from the first wireless device 103 in an UL band. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may use the received first carrier wave 206 for automatic gain control (AGC) . AGC refers to a closed-loop feedback regulating circuit in an amplifier or a chain of amplifiers that maintains a suitable signal amplitude at an output despite variation of the signal amplitude at an input.
[0059] In some implementations, when the network entity 104 transmits the first carrier wave 206 to the first wireless device 103, the network entity 104 may not transmit the first carrier wave 206 directly to the first wireless device 103. For example, the network entity 104 may trigger or cause another entity (such as an intermediate node, a UE, an assisting node, a TRP, an A-IoT device with RF signal generation capability, or another network entity) to transmit the first carrier wave 206 to the first wireless device 103.
[0060] The network entity 104 may control timing of the first carrier wave 206 based on one or more predetermined settings or configurable settings. For example, in some implementations, the network entity 104 transmits the first carrier wave 206 to the first wireless device 103, before or in the same slot with a configured (or indicated or scheduled) opportunity for the first wireless device 103 to transmit the UL / D2R communication 208. In some implementations, the network entity 104 transmits the first carrier wave 206 periodically or semi-periodically. Periodically or semi-periodically transmitted carrier waves may provide repeated opportunities for UL / D2R communication or for energy transfer to the first wireless device 103. In some implementations, the network entity 104 configures a periodicity (T) and a slot offset (S) for the first carrier wave 206. In some implementations, the network entity 104 transmits the first carrier wave 206 at slot N, if N mod T = S. In some implementations, the network entity 104 transmits the first carrier wave 206 in one or multiple consecutive slots or non-consecutive slots. In some implementations, the network entity 104 configures, to the first wireless device 103, the number of slots for the first carrier wave 206 and / or an interval between every two slots for first carrier wave 206. In some implementations, the network entity 104 transmits the first carrier wave 206 in a subset of symbols or all symbols in each configured slot. In some implementations, the network entity 104 configures the symbol index (e.g., a starting symbol index and a number of symbols) for the first carrier wave 206.
[0061] In some implementations, the network entity 104 provides configuration information to the first wireless device 103 (such as via the DL / R2D communication 204) . The network entity 104 can transmit the configuration information by an RRC message, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) (MAC-CE) , or a control signal, among other examples. The configuration information enables the first wireless device 103 to determine a frequency and a timing of the first carrier wave 206. In some implementations, the network entity 104 transmits a control signal to the first wireless device 103 to indicate a frequency of the first carrier wave 206. In some implementations, the network entity 104 refrains from transmitting the control signal and the first carrier wave 206 in the same slot. Thus, a scheduling offset between an end (e.g., a last symbol) of the control signal and a start (e.g., a first symbol) of the first carrier wave 206 may be above or equal to a threshold, where the threshold may be predefined, associated with a device capability of the first wireless device 103, or configured by the network entity 104. The configuration information (such as a control signal in the DL / R2D communication 204) may indicate a time-domain resource for the first carrier wave 206 (e.g., a slot offset, a number of slots, a symbol index, a number of symbols, etc. ) and / or a frequency-domain resource for the first carrier wave 206 (e.g., resource elements or resource blocks for the first carrier wave 206, a band or a carrier for the first carrier wave 206, etc. ) . In some implementations, the network entity 104 may transmit the control signal in a group-common manner (e.g., based on a configured or a predefined radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) ) or in a dedicated manner (e.g., based on a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) ) . In some implementations, the control signal may be an UL grant, a DL assignment, or a group-common DCI, among other examples. FIG. 2 describes UL / D2R communications and DL / R2D communications between the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 that are facilitated by a carrier wave, whereas FIG. 3 describes an embodiment in which the network entity 104 transmits the carrier wave in an UL band or a DL band.
[0062] FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram 300 of an example system including the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 according to an embodiment. In an example, when the network entity 104 transmits a first carrier wave 306a in an UL band 314, the first wireless device 103 can use backscatter communication (with frequency shifting or without frequency shifting) to transmit an UL / D2R communication 308a in the UL band 314. The first wireless device 103 may use the UL band 314 for backscatter or D2R communication when the first wireless device 103 does not support frequency shifting, or when a frequency shifting offset capability of the first wireless device 103 does not support a frequency difference 318 between a DL band 316 and the UL band 314. In another example, the network entity 104 transmits the second carrier wave 306b in the DL band 316. If the first wireless device 103 supports frequency shifting, the first wireless device 103 can shift a frequency of the second carrier wave 306b to the UL band 314 and / or transmit an UL / D2R communication 308b in the UL band 314. Alternatively, if the first wireless device 103 does not support frequency shifting, the first wireless device 103 may refrain from backscattering the second carrier wave 306b. In such case, backscattering the second carrier wave 306b can cause interference in the DL band 316. Alternatively, if the first wireless device 103 or the network entity 104 (or both) support interference cancellation, the first wireless device 103 can backscatter the second carrier wave 306b to transmit the UL / D2R communication 308b in the DL band 316.
[0063] In an example, the network entity 104 transmits (or causes transmission of) the first carrier wave 306a in the UL band 314. In some implementations, the network entity 104 refrains from transmitting other DL signals in the DL band 316 at the same time or in the same symbol as the transmission of the first carrier wave 306a. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may not expect or may not prepare to receive the first carrier wave 306a in the UL band 314 and other DL signals in the DL band, where the first carrier wave 306a and the other DL signals are partially overlapped or fully overlapped in time domain. Alternatively, if the first wireless device 103 supports simultaneous reception in the UL band 314 and the DL band 316, the network entity 104 may transmit DL signals in the DL band 316 partially overlapping or fully overlapping in the time domain with the first carrier wave 306a in the UL band 314. In some implementations, if at least one wireless device in a serving cell supports simultaneous reception of a first carrier wave 306a in the UL band 314 and a DL / R2D transmission (not shown) in the DL band 316, the network entity 104 may transmit the first carrier wave 306a in the UL band 314 and a DL / R2D transmission (not shown) in the DL band 316, where the first carrier wave 306a and the DL / R2D transmission are partially or fully overlapped in the time domain. In some implementations, if the first wireless device 103 supports simultaneous reception of the first carrier wave 306a in the UL band 314 and a DL / R2D transmission (not shown) in the DL band 316, the first wireless device 103 may expect or may prepare to receive the first carrier wave 306a in the UL band 314 and other DL signals in the DL band 316, where the first carrier wave 306a and the other DL signals are partially overlapped or fully overlapped in time domain.
[0064] In another example, the network entity 104 transmits (or causes transmission of) the second carrier wave 306b in the DL band 316. In some implementations, the network entity 104 may transmit the second carrier wave 306b and another DL / R2D transmission (not shown) to the (same) first wireless device 103 or different wireless devices using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) in the DL band 316. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 (or another entity) communicates capability information to the network entity 104 to indicate a capability of the first wireless device 103 and / or a supported range of frequency difference for frequency shifting. The first wireless device 103 may support frequency shifting and / or support a frequency shifting offset greater than or equal to the frequency difference 318 between the DL band 316 and the UL band 314 (e.g., the frequency difference 318 exists between a center frequency of the DL band 316 a center frequency of the UL band 314) . If so, then the network entity 104 may transmit the second carrier wave 306b to the first wireless device 103 in the DL band 316 with an expectation that the first wireless device 103 will perform frequency shifting to transmit the UL / D2R communication 308b in the UL band 314. In some implementations, even when the first wireless device 103 supports frequency shifting and / or when the first wireless device 103 supports a frequency shifting offset greater than or equal to the frequency difference 318 between the DL band 316 and the UL band 314, the first wireless device 103 may not perform frequency shifting (or not perform large frequency shift from one band to another band) of the second carrier wave 306b received on the UL band 314, and may backscatter or transmit the UL / D2R communication 308b in the UL band 314 (e.g., when the first wireless device 103 has not reported its device capability or device / product identity to the network entity 104) .
[0065] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may transmit or backscatter the UL / D2R communication 308b using the second carrier wave 306b if the first wireless device 103 receives the second carrier wave 306b. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may transmit or backscatter the UL / D2R communication 308b using the second carrier wave 306b, after a time offset after an end (e.g., a last symbol) of the second carrier wave 306b in the DL band 316. In some implementations, the time offset may be predefined. In some implementations, the network entity 104 configures the time offset by RRC signaling, a MAC-CE, or DCI based on a device capability reported by the first wireless device 103.
[0066] In an example, the network entity 104 transmits the second carrier wave 306b in the DL band 316, but the first wireless device 103 does not support frequency shifting. As such, there may be different resulting behaviors that the first wireless device 103 can take. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may transmit the UL / D2R communication 308b in the DL band 316 without changing / shifting the frequency of the second carrier wave 306b (or without a large frequency shift from one band to another band) . For example, the first wireless device 103 may transmit or backscatter the UL / D2R communication 308b at a same or similar center frequency as the second carrier wave 306b. If so, then the network entity 104, the first wireless device 103, or both, may implement an interference cancellation receiver to ensure that DL / R2D communications and UL / D2R communications (both in the DL band 316) do not cause interference to each other. In different implementations, if the first wireless device 103 does not support frequency shifting and the second carrier wave 306b is in the DL band 316, the first wireless device 103 may refrain from backscattering the second carrier wave 306b in the DL band 316. The first wireless device 103 might still use the second carrier wave 306b for energy harvesting or other A-IoT operations that do not involve signal manipulation by the first wireless device 103 in the DL band 316. FIG. 3 describes an embodiment in which the network entity 104 transmits the carrier wave in an UL band or a DL band to the first wireless device 103, whereas FIG. 4 describes a communication link between the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103.
[0067] FIG. 4 illustrates a topology diagram 400 in which the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 communicate according to an embodiment. In an example, the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 communicate via a communication link 420. The communication link 420 can be bidirectional or unidirectional. For instance, the first wireless device 103 can communicate directly and bidirectionally with the network entity 104. The communication link 420 between the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 can include A-IoT data and / or A-IoT signaling. The network entity 104 (or a different network entity, not shown in FIG. 4) can provide a carrier wave to enable communication via the communication link 420. Furthermore, the network entity 104 that transmits to the first wireless device 103 can be different from a network entity (not shown) that receives an UL / D2R communication from the first wireless device 103. In some implementations, both the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 are located indoors. Alternatively, one or both of the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 can be located outdoors. In some implementations, the network entity 104 can serve UEs (not shown) using UEs and A-IoT devices (such as the first wireless device 103) in a microcell. FIG. 4 describes a scenario in which the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 communicate directly, whereas FIG. 5 describes a scenario in which the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 communicate via an intermediate node.
[0068] FIG. 5 illustrates a topology diagram 500 in which the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 communicate via an intermediate node 522 according to an embodiment. The network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 may communicate bidirectionally via the intermediate node 522 located between the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103, that is, the first wireless device 103 may transmit UL / D2R transmissions to the intermediate node 522 and the first wireless device 103 may receive DL / R2D transmissions from the intermediate node 522. The intermediate node 522 transfers A-IoT data, A-IoT control information, a reference signal, and / or A-IoT signaling between the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103. In an example, the intermediate node 522 is a relay, an IAB node, a UE (e.g., a mobile UE) , or a repeater capable of supporting A-IoT features. In an example, the network entity 104 is located outdoors and the first wireless device 103 is located outdoors. The network entity 104 may control the intermediate node 522 for A-IoT functions. The intermediate node 522 may perform a procedure or transmit / receive a transmission related to an A-IoT feature, based on an indication / configuration / prompt from the network entity 104. For instance, the network entity 104 allocates time resources and / or frequency resources for A-IoT communication, such as the first carrier wave 206.
[0069] In aspects, the first wireless device 103 communicates with the intermediate node 522 (e.g., transmits UL / D2R transmissions towards the intermediate node 522 and / or receives DL / R2D transmissions from the intermediate node 522) via a communication link 520. The network entity 104 communicates with the intermediate node 522 via a Uu interface 524. FIG. 5 describes a scenario in which the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 communicate via the intermediate node 522, whereas FIG. 6 describes a scenario in which an assisting node participates in the communication between the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103.
[0070] FIG. 6 illustrates a first topology diagram 600a and a second topology diagram 600b in which an assisting node 626 participates in communication between a network entity and a wireless device according to an embodiment. In an example, the assisting node 626 is a relay, an IAB node, a UE (e.g., a mobile UE) , or a repeater capable of supporting A-IoT features.
[0071] In the first topology diagram 600a, the first wireless device 103 transmits data / signaling via an UL link 630 to the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 receives DL data / signaling via a DL link 628 from the assisting node 626. The network entity 104, the assisting node 626, or another entity may transmit a carrier wave that enables uplink communication via the UL link 630. The network entity 104 and the assisting node 626 communicate via a Uu interface 624.
[0072] In the second topology diagram 600b, the first wireless device 103 receives DL data / signaling via the DL link 628 from the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 transmits UL data / signaling via the UL link 630 to the assisting node 626. The network entity 104, the assisting node 626, or another entity may transmit a carrier wave that enables uplink communication via the UL link 630. The network entity 104 and the assisting node 626 communicate via the Uu interface 624. FIG. 6 describes a scenario in which the assisting node 626 participates in the communication between the network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103, whereas FIG. 7 describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 communicates directly with a UE.
[0073] FIG. 7 illustrates a topology diagram 700 in which the first wireless device 103 and the UE 102 communicate directly according to an embodiment. The first wireless device 103 and the UE 102 can communicate directly and bidirectionally via the communication link 720 using A-IoT features including a carrier wave and control signaling. In aspects, the UE 102 can perform functionality described above or below as being performed by the network entity 104. FIG. 7 describes a configuration in which the first wireless device 103 and the UE 102 communicate directly, whereas FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram in which a first wireless device (e.g., an A-IoT device) and a second wireless device (e.g., a network entity, a base station, a TRP, a UE, an intermediate node, an assisting node, a reader) communicate a PDRCH.
[0074] FIG. 8 is a signaling diagram 800 illustrating communications between the first wireless device 103 and the second wireless device 105 for communicating a PDRCH according to an embodiment. The first wireless device 103 may be an A-IoT device. The second wireless device 105 may be the network entity 104, which may correspond to a base station or a unit of a base station, such as the RU 106, the DU 108, the CU 110, etc. In some aspects, the second wireless device 105 may be the UE 102, the TRP, the intermediate node 522, the assisting node 626, or the reader.
[0075] The first wireless device 103 may optionally transmit 832, to the second wireless device 105, capability information indicating at least one of a supported channel structure of a PDRCH, a supported modulation scheme of the PDRCH, a supported waveform of the PDRCH, a supported line coding of the PDRCH, or a supported D2R power control scheme. The second wireless device 105 may optionally receive 832, from the first wireless device 103, the capability information indicating at least one of the supported channel structure of the PDRCH, the supported modulation scheme of the PDRCH, the supported waveform of the PDRCH, the supported line coding of the PDRCH, or the supported D2R power control scheme.
[0076] The second wireless device 105 transmits 834, to the first wireless device 103, a configuration for a PDRCH. The second wireless device 105 may transmit the configuration based on the capability information. The first wireless device 103 receives 834, from the second wireless device, the configuration for the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may receive the configuration based on the capability information.
[0077] The second wireless device 105 transmits 836 at least one of an R2D preamble, an R2D midamble, or an R2D postamble indicating a channel structure of a PRDCH. The first wireless device 103 detects 836 at least one of the R2D preamble, the R2D midamble, or the R2D postamble indicating the channel structure of the PRDCH.
[0078] The second wireless device 105 transmits 840, to the first wireless device 103, R2D L1 control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH. The R2D L1 control information may be transmitted via the PRDCH. The first wireless device 103 receives 840, from the second wireless device 105, R2D L1 control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH.
[0079] The first wireless device 103 may optionally perform 842 a pathloss measurement on the R2D L1 control information. The first wireless device 103 may optionally determine 843, based on the pathloss measurement, at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor.
[0080] The first wireless device 103 transmits 844, to the second wireless device 105, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information. The PDRCH transmission includes at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH. The channel structure of the PDRCH includes at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. The second wireless device 105 receives 844, from the first wireless device 103, the PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information. The PDRCH transmission includes at least one of the preamble, the midamble, or the postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH. The channel structure of the PDRCH includes at least one of the D2R L1 control information or the D2R data information. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may transmit the PDRCH transmission based on at least one of the reflection factor or the amplification factor determined in 843. FIG. 8 describes a signaling diagram illustrating communication between a first wireless device and a second wireless device for communicating a PDRCH. FIGs. 9-12 illustrate various aspects of a PDRCH. FIGs. 13-14 illustrate aspects of OOK modulation. FIGs. 15-16 show methods for implementing one or more aspects of FIGs. 1-14. FIG. 17 shows an implementation by the UE 102 of the one or more aspects of FIGs. 1-16. FIG. 18 shows an implementation by the network entity 104 of the one or more aspects of FIGs. 1-16.
[0081] FIG. 9 illustrates a diagram 900 of an example of a channel structure of a PDRCH 958 according to an embodiment. The first wireless device 103 may transmit the PDRCH 958 to the network entity 104 (or the second wireless device 105) . In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits the PDRCH 958 to the network entity 104 upon the network entity 104 triggering or scheduling the PDRCH 958 via R2D L1 control information or a PRDCH. In some other implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits the PDRCH 958 after or in response to the first wireless device 103 detecting uplink / D2R resources or that a channel for the PDRCH is clear or available. In some cases, the PDRCH includes a bitstream including D2R L1 control information 952 and / or D2R data information 954. In some implementations, the PDRCH 958 includes the D2R L1 control information 952 and / or the D2R data information 954 based on an indication / configuration from the network entity 104 and / or a device capability of the first wireless device 103.
[0082] The first wireless device 103 also transmits at least one of a first D2R preamble 950a, a second D2R preamble 950b, an D2R postamble 956, or an D2R midamble (not depicted in FIG. 9) in / around the PDRCH 958. In aspects, the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, the D2R postamble 956, and the D2R midamble are separate from the PDRCH 958. In other aspects, the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, the D2R postamble 956, and the D2R midamble are considered as included in the PDRCH 958.
[0083] In aspects, the first D2R preamble 950a indicates information related to the D2R L1 control information 952. In an example, the first D2R preamble 950a indicates that the D2R L1 control information 952 is located (immediately) after the first D2R preamble 950a. In aspects, the second D2R preamble 950b indicates information related to the D2R data information 954. For example, the second D2R preamble 950b indicates that the D2R data information 954 is located (immediately) after the second D2R preamble 950b. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 transmits the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, the D2R postamble 956, and / or the D2R midamble based on an indication or a configuration from the network entity 104 and / or based on a capability of the first wireless device 103.
[0084] In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may transmit the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950, the D2R midamble, and / or the D2R postamble 956 based on a first subcarrier spacing (SCS) , the D2R L1 control information 952 based on a second SCS, and the D2R data information 954 based on a third SCS, where the first SCS, the second SCS, and the third SCS may be the same or different. The network entity 104 may configure or indicate the first SCS, the second SCS, and the third SCS to the first wireless device 103 or the first SCS, the second SCS, and the third SCS may be predefined (e.g., according to a band for transmitting the PDRCH 958) . In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may transmit a PDRCH 958 from (only) one or a single antenna port. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 transmits part of or all of the information for the PDRCH 958 (e.g., the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950, the D2R midamble, and / or the D2R postamble 956, the D2R L1 control information 952, the D2R data information 954) from multiple antenna ports. The network entity 104 may configure or indicate the number of antenna ports to the first wireless device 103 or the number of antenna ports may be predefined.
[0085] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may transmit, to the network entity 104, the D2R L1 control information 952 to indicate / report acknowledgment (s) (ACK (s) ) for previous PRDCH (s) . In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 does not transmit, to the network entity 104, the D2R L1 control information 952 for negative acknowledgements (NACK (s) ) for previous PRDCH (s) . In some other implementations, the first wireless device 103 may transmit, to the network entity 104, the D2R L1 control information 952 to indicate / report NACKs for previous PRDCH (s) . In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 does not transmit, to the network entity 104, the D2R L1 control information 952 for ACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits, to the network entity 104, the D2R L1 control information 952 to indicate ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . In some implementations, for the ACK only or NACK only indicating / reporting operations, if the first wireless device 103 determines not to transmit the D2R L1 control information 952 and determines to transmit the D2R data information 954 on the PDRCH 958, the first wireless device 103 determines the resources used for the D2R L1 control information 952 as not available for transmission or as not available for resource matching for the D2R data information 952. In some implementations, for the ACK only or NACK only operation, if the first wireless device 103 determines not to transmit the D2R L1 control information 952 and determines not to transmit the D2R data information 954 on the PDRCH 958, the first wireless device 103 determines not to transmit the PDRCH 958.
[0086] In some implementations, if the first wireless device 103 transmits the PDRCH 958 that includes the D2R L1 control information 952 and / or the D2R data information 954, the first wireless device 103 may perform one or more of the following repetition methods: repetition of the PDRCH 958, repetition of the D2R data information 954 (or a D2R data bitstream) in a single PDRCH, or repetition of the D2R L1 control information 952 (or a D2R L1 control bitstream) in a single PDRCH. In one example, the first wireless device 103 may determine which repetition method (s) to perform based on an indication or a configuration from the network entity 104. In another example, the first wireless device 103 may determine which repetition method (s) to perform based on a determination by the first wireless device 103. In such an example, the first wireless device 103 may indicate / report (e.g., by D2R L1 control information) to the network entity 104 which repetition method is used.
[0087] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits, to the network entity 104, the D2R data information 954 or the PDRCH 958 based on scheduling information for the D2R data information 954 or based on scheduling information for the PDRCH 958. The scheduling information may include at least one a triggering signal for transmitting the PDRCH 958, a waveform for the PDRCH 958, a modulation scheme (e.g., OOK-1, OOK-4, amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation, frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation, phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation (e.g., binary-phase shift keying (BPSK) ) , or pulse position modulation (PPM) ) , a format of the PDRCH 958, frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) information that includes a starting subcarrier index and / or resource block index, a value of M if the scheduling information indicates to use OOK-4 as a modulation / waveform scheme, an D2R data bitstream length, a reflection / amplification factor used for D2R Tx power or a D2R Tx power-related parameters / coefficient, time domain resource allocation (TDRA) information, including at least one of a starting symbol and / or starting slot information of subsequent D2R data information, a repetition number of the PDRCH 958, a number of repetitions of the D2R data information 954 (or a D2R data bitstream) in a single PDRCH, a repetition number of D2R L1 control information (or a D2R L1 control bitstream) in a single DPRCH, a scheduling offset of subsequent / corresponding D2R data information (e.g., a scheduling offset based on a subcarrier spacing of the first D2R preamble 950a or the second D2R preamble 950b, the D2R L1 control information 952, or the D2R data information 954) , and / or hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information including at least one of a new data indicator (NDI) , a redundant version (RV) , and / or a HARQ process index.
[0088] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH to the network entity 104, where the PDRCH includes D2R data information (and not D2R L1 control information) . In such implementations, the network entity 104 transmits at least one of the following: a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, D2R midamble (s) , and / or an D2R postamble. In such implementations, when the network entity 104 receives or detects the PDRCH that does not include the D2R L1 control information, the network entity 104 derives the D2R L1 control information based on a pattern or a number of the first D2R preamble, a pattern or a number of the second D2R preamble, and / or a pattern or a number of the first D2R preamble and the second D2R preamble.
[0089] In some other implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits a first PDRCH and a second PDRCH to the network entity 104. The first PRDCH may include D2R L1 control information (and not D2R data information) . The second PRDCH may include D2R data information (and not D2R L1 control information) .
[0090] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH to the network entity 104, where the PDRCH includes D2R L1 control information and D2R data information. The D2R L1 control information may include ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . In such implementations, the network entity 104 transmits at least one of the following: a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, D2R midamble (s) , and / or an D2R postamble.
[0091] In implementations in which the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH to the network entity 104, where the PDRCH includes D2R control information and D2R data information, the first wireless device 103 transmits or multiplexes the D2R data information and the D2R L1 control information in various manners. In an example, the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the D2R L1 control information prior to the D2R data information. FIG. 9 illustrates the aforementioned example. For instance, the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the D2R L1 control information 952 prior to the D2R data information 954 in the PDRCH 958.
[0092] As described above, the first wireless device 103 may transmit a D2R transmission to the network entity 104 via a PDRCH. When the first wireless device 103 transmits a bitstream that includes the PRDCH, the first wireless device 103 may add or append a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to the bitstream. For instance, the first wireless device 103 adds or appends a CRC to an end of a bitstream of D2R data information. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 adds or appends a CRC to an end of a bitstream including D2R L1 control information and D2R data information. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 uses a different length or a different type of CRC depending on a length of a bitstream of D2R data information. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 uses a different length or a different type of CRC depending on a length of a bitstream of the D2R L1 control information and the D2R data information. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 determines whether or not to use a CRC and / or determines a type of the CRC based on an indication or a configuration from the network entity 104.
[0093] When the first wireless device 103 transmits a bitstream that includes the PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 may apply line coding to transform a bitstream (with or without a CRC) to a digital signal. The (encoded) digital signal may provide a clock calibration and / or symbol-level timing synchronization for signal detection. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 selects and applies a line code from amongst the following: a pulse interval encoding (PIE) code, a Manchester code, a Miller code, or a frequency modulation zero (FM0) code. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 determines whether or not to use line coding and / or determines a type of CRC line coding to use based on an indication or a configuration from the network entity 104.
[0094] When the first wireless device 103 transmits a bitstream that includes the PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 may modulate the (encoded) bitstream according to a modulation scheme such as on-off keying (OOK) , amplitude shift keying (ASK) , frequency shift keying (FSK) , phase shift keying (PSK) , or pulse-position modulation (PPM) . If the first wireless device 103 applies an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform for a PDRCH, the network entity 104 may configure or indicate the first wireless device 103 to use OOK-1 modulation for transmitting a single bit per OFDM symbol or a OOK-4 modulation for transmitting M bits per OFDM symbol, where M is greater than or equal to one. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH based on a unit of two before a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or a least-square operation (e.g., a length of the DFT or the least-square operation may be based on 2K, where K is an integer greater than or equal to zero) . In an example, if the network entity 104 configures the first wireless device 103 with a value of K as zero, the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH based on OOK-1 modulation. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 determines whether or not to apply modulation and / or determines a type of modulation to use based on an indication or a configuration from the network entity 104.
[0095] When the first wireless device 103 transmits a bitstream that includes the PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 may perform channel coding or forward error correction. For example, the first wireless device 103 applies repetition coding to an (encoded and / or modulated) bitstream for channel coding. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 determines whether or not to apply channel coding and / or determines a type of channel coding to use based on an indication or a configuration from the network entity 104.
[0096] When the network entity 104 transmits a bitstream that includes the PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 may generate a waveform according to one of the following schemes: single carrier, single tone, single subcarrier, or multicarrier. FIG. 9 describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions D2R L1 control information prior to the D2R data information in the PDRCH, whereas FIG. 10 describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the D2R L1 control information around a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, D2R midamble (s) , or a D2R postamble.
[0097] FIG. 10 illustrates a diagram 1000 of an example of a channel structure of a PDRCH 1058 according to an embodiment. The first wireless device 103 may transmit the PDRCH 1058 to the network entity 104 (or the second wireless device 105) . In implementations reflected in FIG. 10, the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions D2R L1 control information 1060 around (e.g., prior to or after) the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, first D2R data information 1054a, a D2R midamble 1062, second D2R data information 1054b, and the D2R postamble 956. FIG. 10 describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the D2R L1 control information around a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, D2R midamble (s) , or a D2R postamble, whereas FIG. 11 describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a first part of D2R L1 control information prior to D2R data information and in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a second part of D2R L1 control information after the D2R data information.
[0098] FIG. 11 illustrates a diagram 1100 of an example of a channel structure of a PDRCH 1158 according to an embodiment. The first wireless device 103 may transmit the PDRCH 1158 to the network entity 104 (or the second wireless device 105) . In implementations reflected in FIG. 11, the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a first part of D2R L1 control information 1152a prior to the D2R data information 954 and the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a second part of D2R L1 control information 1152b after the D2R data information 954. FIG. 11 describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a first part of D2R L1 control information prior to D2R data information and in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a second part of D2R L1 control information after the D2R data information, whereas FIG. 12 describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a first part of D2R L1 control information around a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, D2R midamble (s) , or an D2R postamble and in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a second part of D2R L1 control information after D2R data information.
[0099] FIG. 12 illustrates a diagram 1200 of an example of a channel structure of a PDRCH 1258 according to an embodiment. The first wireless device 103 transmits the PDRCH 1258 to the network entity 104 (or the second wireless device 105) . In implementations reflected in FIG. 12, the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a first part of D2R L1 control information 1252a around the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, an D2R midamble 1262a, an D2R midamble 1262b, or the D2R postamble 956 and the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a second part of D2R control information 1252b after the first D2R data information 1054a and after the second D2R data information 1054b.
[0100] Referring back to FIG. 9, in certain aspects, the first wireless device 103 transmits the D2R L1 control information 952 and the D2R data information 954 in different time units (e.g., orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols) when the first wireless device 103 supports data boosting the D2R L1 control information 952.
[0101] In implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits the PDRCH 958 to the network entity 104 according to an OOK-4 modulation scheme, where the PDRCH 958 includes the D2R L1 control information 952 and the D2R data information 954. The first wireless device 103 ensures that a bit length of the D2R L1 control information 952 is an integer M. In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 adds or appends a set of bits (i.e., “dummy bits” ) to an end of the D2R L1 control information 952. In such implementations, the network entity 104 indicates, to the first wireless device 103, whether to add the set of bits to the D2R L1 control information 952.
[0102] As noted above, in some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may transmit a PDRCH to the network entity 104, where the PDRCH includes D2R data information (and not D2R L1 control information) . In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 includes information corresponding to the D2R L1 control information in the D2R data information. For example, the first wireless device 103 transmits, in or via the D2R data information, a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) or a MAC-CE that includes the information corresponding to the D2R L1 control information. In such implementations, the network entity 104 receives the PDRCH that includes the D2R data information (and not the D2R L1 control information) . The network entity 104 decodes the D2R data information and then decodes or parses the information corresponding to the D2R L1 control information from the decoded D2R data information.
[0103] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits, to the network entity 104, a PDRCH including D2R data information and a first part of D2R L1 control information. The first part of the D2R L1 control information may include ACK(s) and / or NACK (s) from previous PRDCH (s) . In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 includes a second part of D2R L1 control information in the D2R data information. For example, the first wireless device 103 transmits, in or via the D2R data information, a MAC PDU or a MAC-CE that includes the information corresponding to the second part of D2R L1 control information. In such implementations, the network entity 104 receives the PDRCH that includes the D2R data information and the first part of D2R L1 control information. The network entity 104 decodes the D2R data information and then decodes or parses the second part of the D2R L1 control information from the decoded D2R data information. In such implementations, the first part of the D2R L1 control information may be referred to as ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . In such implementations, the second part of the D2R L1 control information may be referred to as control information other than ACK / NACK. In other implementations, the second part of the D2R L1 control information may be referred to as an ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) and the first part of the D2R L1 control information may be referred to as control information other than ACK / NACK.
[0104] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits, to the network entity 104, a PDRCH including D2R L1 control information (and not D2R data information) . The D2R L1 control information may include ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . The D2R L1 control information may not include D2R L1 control information other than ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) .
[0105] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits, to the network entity 104, a PDRCH including at least one symbol, where the at least one symbol includes D2R L1 control information and D2R data information, that is, the first wireless device 103 may perform intra-symbol multiplexing for the D2R L1 control information and the D2R data information. In some examples, the first wireless device 103 transmits the D2R L1 control information and the D2R data information via different subcarriers or frequency units. In other examples, the first wireless device 103 transmits the D2R L1 control information and the D2R data information via different modulated symbols before a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or before a least-square operation (e.g., an OOK-4 waveform) . The first wireless device 103 may transmit the D2R L1 control information based on a uniform or a non-uniform distribution in the symbol.
[0106] In some implementations, for transmitting a D2R transmission to the network entity 104, the first wireless device 103 may apply a different or a higher D2R Tx power than a D2R Tx power used for transmitting first D2R data information to the network entity 104. The first wireless device 103 may apply the different R2D TX power based on device capability. The network entity 104 may indicate to the first wireless device 103 whether to apply the different D2R TX power and / or indicate a delta D2R Tx power, an absolute D2R Tx power, and / or a reference D2R Tx power. In some aspects, the first D2R data information may not carry or multiplex D2R L1 control information.
[0107] The D2R transmission may be or include D2R L1 control information. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may multiplex or transmit the D2R L1 control information with first D2R data information in the same PDRCH. In such aspects, the D2R L1 control information includes a first part of D2R L1 control information and a second part of D2R L1 control information. In an example, the first wireless device 103 applies a different or a higher D2R Tx power for transmitting the first part of the D2R L1 control information. The first part of R2D L1 control information may be referred to as ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . The second part of R2D L1 control information may be referred to as control information other than ACK(s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may transmit the D2R L1 control information in a first PDRCH and the first wireless device 103 may transmit the first D2R data information in a second PDRCH.
[0108] The D2R transmission may be or include second D2R data information that includes D2R L1 control information included in MAC PDU or a MAC-CE. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may multiplex or transmit the second D2R data information in a different PDRCH than a PDRCH of the first D2R data information.
[0109] In some implementations, for transmitting a D2R transmission to the network entity 104, the first wireless device 103 may apply a different modulation scheme than a modulation scheme used for transmitting first D2R data information to the network entity 104. The first wireless device 103 may apply the different modulation scheme based on device capability. The network entity 104 may indicate to the first wireless device 103 whether to apply the different modulation scheme and / or the applied modulation scheme. In some aspects, the first D2R data information may not carry or multiplex D2R L1 control information.
[0110] The D2R transmission may be or include D2R L1 control information. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may multiplex or transmit the D2R L1 control information with first D2R data information in the same PRDCH. In such aspects, the D2R L1 control information includes a first part of D2R L1 control information and a second part of D2R L1 control information. In an example, the first wireless device 103 applies a different modulation scheme for transmitting the first part of the D2R L1 control information. The first part of D2R L1 control information may be referred to as ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) and the second part of D2R L1 control information may be referred to as control information other than ACK(s) and / or NACK (s) for the previous PRDCH (s) (or vice versa) . In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may transmit the D2R L1 control information in a first PDRCH and the first wireless device 103 may transmit the first D2R data information in a second PRDCH.
[0111] The D2R transmission may be or include second D2R data information that includes D2R L1 control information included in MAC PDU or a MAC-CE. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may multiplex or transmit the second D2R data information in a different PRDCH from that of the first D2R data information.
[0112] As noted above, in some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may transmit a PDRCH to the network entity 104, where the PDRCH includes a bitstream that includes D2R L1 control information and / or D2R data information. In aspects, whether or not the bitstream includes the D2R L1 control information and / or the D2R data information depends on an indication or a configuration from the network entity 104 and / or on a capability of the first wireless device 103. In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 may transmit a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, an D2R midamble, or an D2R postamble around or amongst the PDRCH. In aspects, the first D2R preamble indicates information related to the D2R L1 control information. In aspects, the second D2R preamble indicates information related to the D2R data information. In aspects, whether or not the first wireless device 103 transmits the first D2R preamble, the second D2R preamble, the D2R midamble, or the D2R postamble depends on an indication or a configuration from the network entity 104 and / or on a capability of the first wireless device 103.
[0113] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits a different combination of patterns of the first D2R preamble and / or the second D2R preamble. In an example, the PDRCH includes D2R data information (and not D2R L1 control information) . The first wireless device 103 may or may not transmit the first D2R preamble. If the first wireless device 103 transmits the first D2R preamble, a number or an amount or a format of (consecutively) transmitted first D2R preambles may indicate at least ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . The first wireless device 103 may transmit a second D2R preamble prior to transmitting the PDRCH or D2R data information. A number or an amount or a format of (consecutively) transmitted second D2R preambles may indicate at least ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . The first wireless device 103 may transmit D2R midamble (s) amongst the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may transmit a D2R postamble at an end of the PDRCH.
[0114] In another example, the PDRCH includes D2R data information and D2R L1 control information. In the example, the first wireless device 103 transmits a first D2R preamble prior to transmitting the PDRCH or D2R L1 control information. A number or an amount or a format of (consecutively) transmitted first D2R preambles may indicate at least ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . The first wireless device 103 may transmit a second D2R preamble. In aspects, if the first wireless device 103 transmits a second D2R preamble, the first wireless device 103 transmits the second D2R preamble after transmitting a first R2D preamble (or after R2D L1 control information) and prior to transmitting the PDRCH. This may imply that the first wireless device 103 transmits the first D2R preamble and the second D2R preamble consecutively. In other aspects, the first wireless device 103 transmits the second D2R preamble amongst the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may transmit D2R midamble (s) amongst the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may transmit a D2R postamble at an end of the PDRCH.
[0115] In another example, the PDRCH includes D2R L1 control information (and not D2R data information) . The first wireless device 103 transmits a first D2R preamble prior to transmitting the PDRCH. A number or an amount or a format of (consecutively) transmitted first D2R preambles may indicate at least ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) . In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may not transmit a second D2R preamble. In aspects, the first wireless device 103 may not transmit D2R midamble (s) amongst the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may transmit a D2R postamble at an end of the PDRCH.
[0116] In some implementations, when receiving a second D2R preamble and / or a PDRCH, if the network entity 104 does not receive a first D2R preamble (immediately) before the second R2D preamble, the network entity 104 may determine that the PDRCH does not carry or transmit D2R L1 control information.
[0117] In some implementations, when receiving a first D2R preamble and / or a PDRCH, the network entity 104 may determine that the PDRCH carries or transmits D2R L1 control information (e.g., for ACK (s) and / or NACK (s) for previous PRDCH (s) ) .
[0118] In some implementations, when receiving a first D2R preamble and / or a PDRCH, if the network entity 104 receives a second D2R preamble after the first D2R preamble and before or amongst the PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 may determine that the second D2R preamble indicates an end of D2R L1 control information and / or a start of D2R data information. In such implementations, the network entity may determine that a remaining part of the PDRCH after the second D2R preamble corresponds to the D2R data information.
[0119] In some implementations, when transmitting an initial first D2R preamble and first D2R L1 control information in a PDRCH, if the first wireless device 103 transmits another instance of a first D2R preamble after the initial first D2R preamble and before or amongst the PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 may use the instance of the first D2R preamble to indicate that second D2R L1 control information follows the instance of the first D2R preamble. In some aspects, the second D2R L1 control information may be repetition of or may include the same contents as the first D2R L1 control information. In some aspects, the first wireless device 103 uses the instance of the first D2R preamble to indicate an end of the first D2R L1 control information.
[0120] In some implementations, when receiving a first D2R preamble and a PDRCH, if the network entity 104 receives a D2R postamble after the first D2R preamble, the network entity 104 may determine that the D2R postamble indicates an end of the D2R L1 control information and / or that the PDRCH does not include D2R data information.
[0121] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH to the network entity 104, where the PDRCH includes a bitstream including D2R L1 control information and / or D2R data information. In implementations, whether the PDRCH includes the bitstream including the D2R L1 control information and / or the D2R data information may depend on a configuration or an indication from the network entity and / or a capability of the first wireless device 103. The first wireless device 103 transmits first D2R preamble (s) , second D2R preamble (s) , and D2R midamble (s) or D2R postamble (s) around or amongst the PDRCH. In aspects, the first D2R preamble may indicate information related to the D2R L1 control information. In aspects, the second D2R preamble may indicate information related to the D2R data information. In implementations, whether the wireless device transmits the first D2R preamble (s) , the second D2R preamble (s) , and the D2R midamble (s) or the D2R postamble (s) may depend on a configuration or an indication from the network entity 104 and / or a capability of the first wireless device 103. In such implementations, the PDRCH may have a first format (e.g., Format 0) or a second format (e.g., Format 1) . The first format may indicate that the PDRCH uses OOK-1 modulation. The first wireless device 103 may use the first format to transmit the D2R L1 control information. The network entity 104 may configure the first wireless device 103 to use the first format for transmitting the D2R L1 control information. The first wireless device 103 may use a short cyclic redundancy check (CRC) , such as CRC-6 for transmitting / generating a PDRCH with the first format. The second format indicates that the PDRCH uses OOK-4 modulation. The first wireless device 103 may use the second format to transmit the D2R data information. The network entity 104 may configure the first wireless device 103 to use the first format for transmitting the D2R L1 control information. The first wireless device 103 may use a long CRC, such as CRC-16 for transmitting / generating a PDRCH with the second format.
[0122] In some implementations, the network entity 104 may configure the first wireless device 103 with different formats corresponding to different DFTs or different least-square operation lengths. When the length is one, the first wireless device 103 transmits the PDRCH based on an OOK-1 operation (i.e., OOK-1 modulation) . Otherwise, the first wireless device 103 transmits the PDRCH based on an OOK-4 operation (i.e., OOK-4 modulation) .
[0123] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may use different formats for PDRCHs, depending on whether a PDRCH carries / transmits D2R L1 control information, D2R data information, or D2R L1 control information and D2R data information. For example, the first wireless device 103 uses the first format described above to transmit a PDRCH including D2R L1 control information. For example, the first wireless device 103 uses the second format described above to transmit a PDRCH including D2R data information. For example, the first wireless device 103 uses the second format described above to transmit a PDRCH including D2R L1 control information and D2R data information.
[0124] In some implementations, if the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH including D2R L1 control information and D2R data information, the first wireless device 103 may use different PDRCH formats for transmitting a part of the PDRCH that includes the D2R L1 control information and for transmitting a remaining part of the PDRCH including D2R data information.
[0125] In some implementations, a PRDCH may have different formats. The formats may each represent a PDRCH using a waveform and / or a modulation scheme. The waveform may include a single carrier, a single tone, a single subcarrier, or a multi carrier. The modulation scheme may include OOK, ASK, FSK, PSK, or PPM.
[0126] In some implementations, when the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH to the network entity 104, the first wireless device 103 may use or transmit a symbol or a signal for AGC. In some aspects, the symbol or the signal for AGC may include one of a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, a D2R midamble, or a D2R postamble. In some aspects, the symbol or signal for AGC may include a symbol or a signal dedicated for AGC. In some aspects, whether the first wireless device 103 uses the symbol or the signal for AGC may depend on an indication or a configuration from the network entity and / or on a capability of the first wireless device 103.
[0127] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 applies a reflection factor or an amplification factor when transmitting a PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may determine a D2R transmission power based on the reflection factor or the amplification factor and / or based on a received power for R2D transmission (s) , such as R2D preamble (s) , R2D midamble (s) , R2D postamble (s) , carrier waves, R2D L1 control information, or R2D data information of a reference PRDCH (e.g., a most recently received PRDCH or a PRDCH configured or indicated by the network entity 104) .
[0128] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 determines the reflection factor or the amplification factor based on an indication or a configuration from the network entity 104 (e.g., from scheduling information for D2R data information included in R2D L1 control information or included in a PRDCH) . In such implementations, the network entity 104 may indicate the reflection factor of the amplification factor in a cell-specific manner or a device-specific manner. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 determines the reflection factor or the amplification factor based on a derivation performed by the first wireless device 103. For example, the first wireless device 103 measures a pathloss (PL) from a R2D transmission (e.g., a PRDCH, a R2D preamble, a R2D midamble, a R2D postamble, a carrier wave, or a PL-specific signal) . In such implementations, the network entity 104 configures or indicates an R2D Tx power for transmitting a measured object.
[0129] In some implementations, before the first wireless device 103 determines the reflection factor or the amplification factor as described above, the first wireless device 103 applies a default value (e.g., an integer 1 or 100%) for the reflection factor or the amplification factor.
[0130] In some implementations, the reflection factor or the amplification factor may be an absolute D2R Tx power value, an absolute delta value for D2R Tx power, or an accumulated delta value for D2R Tx power. In some implementations, the reflection factor or the amplification factor may be a rate, a power index, or a power value, or a row index mapping to a table with power values. In some implementations, the reflection factor or the amplification factor may result in decreased D2R Tx power.
[0131] In some implementations, the network entity 104 may configure or indicate the first wireless device 103 to apply different reflection factors or amplification factors for D2R L1 control information and D2R data information. In some implementations, the network entity 104 may configure or indicate the first wireless device 103 to apply different reflection factors or amplification factors based on a type of the first wireless device 103 (e.g., A-IoT device 1, A-IoT device 2a, or A-IoT device 2b) .
[0132] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 reports a value of reflection loss (an exact value or a delta value) to the network entity 104. In some aspects, the first wireless device 103 reports a value of reflection loss via D2R L1 control information, D2R L1 data information, or a PDRCH. In some aspects, the first wireless device 103 reports a value of reflection loss if the reflection loss is larger than a threshold (or equal to the threshold) or is located in another interval or if a received power for a reference PRDCH or a reference R2D transmission is lower than as threshold. FIG. 12 describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a first part of D2R L1 control information around a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, D2R midamble (s) , or an D2R postamble and in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a second part of D2R control information after D2R data information, whereas FIG. 13 describes OOK-1 modulation that the first wireless device 103 may use to modulate D2R L1 control information and / or D2R data information.
[0133] FIG. 13 illustrates a diagram 1300 of an example of an OOK-1 modulation scheme. In an example, the first wireless device 103 modulates subcarrier (SC) 0 13070a, SC 1 1370b, and SC K-1 1370c (K is greater than or equal to 0) of a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) 1364 and a signal 1366. In OOK-1 modulation, the first wireless device 103 modulates all subcarriers. In OOK-0 modulation, all subcarriers have zero power from a baseband point of view. The first wireless device 103 performs an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and adds a cyclic prefix 1368. For the OOK-1 modulation, the first wireless device 103 transmits a single bit in (one) OFDM symbol 1372. FIG. 13 describes an example of OOK-1 modulation, whereas FIG. 14 describes an example of an OOK-4 modulation scheme.
[0134] FIG. 14 illustrates a diagram of an example of an OOK-4 modulation scheme. In an example, the first wireless device 103 performs signal generation and modification 1476 on M = 4 bits (e.g., 1001) associated with a LP-WUS time 1474, that is the first wireless device 103 transforms M = 4 bits in the time domain. The first wireless device 103 performs a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) / least-square operation 1478 subsequent to the signal generation and modification 1476 in order to generate N (N is an integer) subcarriers of OOK-1. The first wireless device 103 generates N`samples from the M = 4 bits. The first wireless device 103 may or may not perform truncation and modification 1480. If the first wireless device 103 does not perform the truncation and modification 1480, N equals N`. N` may equal K. The OOK-4 modulation scheme produces an OFDM symbol 1482.
[0135] As described herein, the network entity 104 may configure and / or serve the first wireless device 103 in a serving cell. The network entity 104 may configure the first wireless device 103 to communicate with the network entity 104 in the serving cell. The network entity 104 may configure the first wireless device 103 with a single bandwidth part (BWP) . The first wireless device 103 may not stay in or operate in an RRC_CONNECTED state, an RRC_INACTIVE state, or an RRC_IDLE state.
[0136] As described herein, the network entity 104 may refer to a base station, a unit of a base station, a TRP, an intermediate node, and / or a reader.
[0137] As described herein, if a procedure relates to a serving cell, the procedure relates to an active (DL / UL) BWP in the serving cell.
[0138] As described herein, a carrier wave may include a reference signal, a resource / wave with transmission power detectable, or a sequence.
[0139] As used herein, the network entity 104 configuring the first wireless device 103 (or a UE) with a behavior or a procedure refers to the network entity 104 transmitting, to the first wireless device 103 (or the UE) , a configuration to perform the behavior or the procedure.
[0140] In aspects, a D2R preamble / midamble / postamble may be or include or be referred to as a time acquisition signal or a synchronization signal.
[0141] As used herein, the first wireless device 103 (or a UE) being configured with a behavior or a procedure refers to the first wireless device 103 receiving, from the network entity 104, a configuration to perform the behavior or the procedure. FIG. 14 describes an example of an OOK-4 modulation scheme, whereas as FIG. 15 describes a flowchart of a method of wireless communication at a first wireless device.
[0142] FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart 1500 of a method of wireless communication at a first wireless device. With reference to FIGs. 1-8, the method may be performed by the first wireless device 103. As indicated above, the first wireless device 103 may be an A-IoT device, such as an A-IoT device 1, an A-IoT device 2a, or an A-IoT device 2b.
[0143] The first wireless device 103 may optionally transmit 1532, to a second wireless device 105, capability information indicating at least one of a supported channel structure of a PDRCH, a supported modulation scheme of the PDRCH, a supported waveform of the PDRCH, a supported line coding of the PDRCH, or a supported D2R power control scheme. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the first wireless device 103 optionally transmits 832, to a second wireless device 105, capability information indicating at least one of a supported channel structure of a PDRCH, a supported modulation scheme of the PDRCH, a supported waveform of the PDRCH, a supported line coding of the PDRCH, or a supported D2R power control scheme. The PDRCH may be or include the PDRCH described above in connection with FIGs. 9-12.
[0144] The first wireless device 103 receives 1534, from the second wireless device 105, a configuration for the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may receive the configuration based on the capability information. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the first wireless device 103 receives 834, from the second wireless device 105, a configuration for the PDRCH.
[0145] The first wireless device 103 detects 1536 at least one of an R2D preamble, an R2D midamble, or an R2D postamble indicating a channel structure of a PRDCH. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the first wireless device 103 detects 836 at least one of an R2D preamble, an R2D midamble, or an R2D postamble indicating a channel structure of a PRDCH.
[0146] The first wireless device 103 receives 1540, from the second wireless device 105, R2D L1 control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the first wireless device 103 receives 840, from the second wireless device 105, R2D L1 control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH.
[0147] The first wireless device 103 may optionally perform 1542 a pathloss measurement on the R2D L1 control information. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the first wireless device 103 optionally performs 842 a pathloss measurement on the R2D L1 control information. The first wireless device 103 may optionally determine 1543, based on the pathloss measurement, at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the first wireless device 103 optionally determines 843, based on the pathloss measurement, at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor.
[0148] The first wireless device 103 transmits 1544, to the second wireless device 105, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the first wireless device 103 transmits 844, to the second wireless device 105, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. The first wireless device 103 may transmit the PDRCH transmission based on at least one of the reflection factor or the amplification factor. The preamble, the midamble, and / or the postamble may be a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble described above with respect to FIGs. 9-12. The D2R L1 control information or D2R data information may be D2R L1 control information or D2R data information described above with respect to FIGs. 9-12. FIG. 15 describes a method from a first wireless device of a wireless communication link, whereas FIG. 16 describes a method from a second wireless device of the wireless communication link.
[0149] FIG. 16 is a flowchart 1600 of a method of wireless communication at a second wireless device 105. With reference to FIGs. 1-8, the method may be performed by one or more network entities 104 (which may correspond to a base station or a unit of the base station, such as the RU 106, the DU 108, and / or the CU 110) , the UE 102, the intermediate node 522, the assisting node 626, the TRP, or the reader.
[0150] The second wireless device 105 optionally receives 1632, from a first wireless device 103, capability information indicating at least one of a supported channel structure of a PDRCH, a supported modulation scheme of the PDRCH, a supported waveform of the PDRCH, a supported line coding of the PDRCH, or a supported D2R power control scheme. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the second wireless device 105 optionally receives 832, from a first wireless device 103, capability information indicating at least one of a supported channel structure of a PDRCH, a supported modulation scheme of the PDRCH, a supported waveform of the PDRCH, a supported line coding of the PDRCH, or a supported D2R power control scheme. The PDRCH may be or include the PDRCH described above in connection with FIGs. 9-12.
[0151] The second wireless device 105 transmits 1634, to the first wireless device 103, a configuration for the PDRCH. The second wireless device 105 may transmit the configuration based on the capability information. For example, FIG. 8 at 834 shows that the second wireless device 105 transmits 834, to the first wireless device 103, a configuration for the PDRCH.
[0152] The second wireless device 105 transmits 1636 at least one of an R2D preamble, an R2D midamble, or an R2D postamble indicating a channel structure of the PRDCH. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the second wireless device 105 transmits 836 at least one of an R2D preamble, an R2D midamble, or an R2D postamble indicating a channel structure of the PRDCH.
[0153] The second wireless device 105 transmits 1640, to the first wireless device 103, R2D L1 control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the second wireless device 105 transmits 840, to the first wireless device 103, R2D L1 control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH.
[0154] The second wireless device 105 receives 1644, from the first wireless device 103, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. For example, FIG. 8 shows that the second wireless device 105 receives 844, from the first wireless device 103, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. The preamble, the midamble, and / or the postamble may be a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble described above with respect to FIGs. 9-12. The D2R L1 control information or D2R data information may be D2R L1 control information or D2R data information described above with respect to FIGs. 9-12. A UE apparatus 1702, as described in FIG. 17, may perform the method of flowchart 1600. The one or more network entities 104, as described in FIG. 18, may perform the method of flowchart 1600.
[0155] FIG. 17 is a diagram 1700 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a UE apparatus 1702. The UE apparatus 1702 may be the UE 102, a component of the UE 102, or may implement UE functionality. The UE apparatus 1702 may include an application processor 1706, which may have on-chip memory 1706’ . In examples, the application processor 1706 may be coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1708 and / or a display 1710. The application processor 1706 may also be coupled to a sensor (s) module 1712, a power supply 1714, an additional module of memory 1716, a camera 1718, and / or other related components. For example, the sensor (s) module 1712 may control a barometric pressure sensor / altimeter, a motion sensor such as an inertial management unit (IMU) , a gyroscope, accelerometer (s) , a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device, a radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR) device, a sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) device, a magnetometer, an audio device, and / or other technologies used for positioning.
[0156] The UE apparatus 1702 may further include a wireless baseband processor 1726, which may be referred to as a modem. The wireless baseband processor 1726 may have on-chip memory 1726'. Along with, and similar to, the application processor 1706, the wireless baseband processor 1726 may also be coupled to the sensor (s) module 1712, the power supply 1714, the additional module of memory 1716, the camera 1718, and / or other related components. The wireless baseband processor 1726 may be additionally coupled to one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) card (s) 1720 and / or one or more transceivers 1730 (e.g., wireless RF transceivers) .
[0157] Within the one or more transceivers 1730, the UE apparatus 1702 may include a Bluetooth module 1732, a WLAN module 1734, an SPS module 1736 (e.g., GNSS module) , and / or a cellular module 1738. The Bluetooth module 1732, the WLAN module 1734, the SPS module 1736, and the cellular module 1738 may each include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) , or in some cases, just a transmitter (TX) or just a receiver (RX) . The Bluetooth module 1732, the WLAN module 1734, the SPS module 1736, and the cellular module 1738 may each include dedicated antennas and / or utilize antennas 1740 for communication with one or more other nodes. For example, the UE apparatus 1702 can communicate through the transceiver (s) 1730 via the antennas 1740 with another UE (e.g., sidelink communication) and / or with a network entity 104 (e.g., uplink / downlink communication) , where the network entity 104 may correspond to a base station or a unit of the base station, such as the RU 106, the DU 108, or the CU 110.
[0158] The wireless baseband processor 1726 and the application processor 1706 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1726', 1706', respectively. The additional module of memory 1716 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1726', 1706', 1716 may be non-transitory. The wireless baseband processor 1726 and the application processor 1706 may each be responsible for general processing, including execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory 1726', 1706', 1716. The software, when executed by the wireless baseband processor 1726 / application processor 1706, causes the wireless baseband processor 1726 / application processor 1706 to perform the various functions described herein. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the wireless baseband processor 1726 / application processor 1706 when executing the software. The wireless baseband processor 1726 / application processor 1706 may be a component of the UE 102. The UE apparatus 1702 may be a processor chip (e.g., modem and / or application) and include just the wireless baseband processor 1726 and / or the application processor 1706. In other examples, the UE apparatus 1702 may be the entire UE 102 and include the additional modules of the apparatus 1702.
[0159] As discussed in FIG. 1 and implemented with respect to FIG. 16, the PDRCH configuration component 140 is configured to transmit, to a first wireless device, a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) ; transmit, to the first wireless device, reader-to-device (R2D) layer one (L1) control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and receive, from the first wireless device, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information. The PDRCH configuration component 140 may be within the application processor 1706 (e.g., at 140a) , the wireless baseband processor 1726 (e.g., at 140b) , or both the application processor 1706 and the wireless baseband processor 1726. The PDRCH configuration component 140a-140b may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by the one or more processors, or a combination thereof.
[0160] FIG. 18 is a diagram 1800 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for one or more network entities 104. The one or more network entities 104 may be a base station, a component of a base station, or may implement base station functionality. The one or more network entities 104 may include, or may correspond to, at least one of the RU 106, the DU, 108, or the CU 110. The CU 110 may include a CU processor 1846, which may have on-chip memory 1846'. In some aspects, the CU 110 may further include an additional module of memory 1856 and / or a communications interface 1848, both of which may be coupled to the CU processor 1846. The CU 110 can communicate with the DU 108 through a midhaul link 162, such as an F1 interface between the communications interface 1848 of the CU 110 and a communications interface 1828 of the DU 108.
[0161] The DU 108 may include a DU processor 1826, which may have on-chip memory 1826'. In some aspects, the DU 108 may further include an additional module of memory 1836 and / or the communications interface 1828, both of which may be coupled to the DU processor 1826. The DU 108 can communicate with the RU 106 through a fronthaul link 160 between the communications interface 1828 of the DU 108 and a communications interface 1808 of the RU 106.
[0162] The RU 106 may include an RU processor 1806, which may have on-chip memory 1806'. In some aspects, the RU 106 may further include an additional module of memory 1816, the communications interface 1808, and one or more transceivers 1830, all of which may be coupled to the RU processor 1806. The RU 106 may further include antennas 1840, which may be coupled to the one or more transceivers 1830, such that the RU 106 can communicate through the one or more transceivers 1830 via the antennas 1840 with the UE 102.
[0163] The on-chip memory 1806', 1826', 1846'a nd the additional modules of memory 1816, 1836, 1856 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of the processors 1806, 1826, 1846 is responsible for general processing, including execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor (s) 1806, 1826, 1846 causes the processor (s) 1806, 1826, 1846 to perform the various functions described herein. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor (s) 1806, 1826, 1846 when executing the software. In examples, the PDRCH configuration component 150 may sit at any of the one or more network entities 104, such as at the CU 110; both the CU 110 and the DU 108; each of the CU 110, the DU 108, and the RU 106; the DU 108; both the DU 108 and the RU 106; or the RU 106.
[0164] As discussed in FIG. 1 and implemented with respect to FIG. 16, the PDRCH configuration component 150 is configured to transmit, to a first wireless device, a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) ; transmit, to the first wireless device, reader-to-device (R2D) layer one (L1) control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and receive, from the first wireless device, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information. The PDRCH configuration component 150 may be within one or more processors of the one or more network entities 104, such as the RU processor 1806 (e.g., at 150a) , the DU processor 1826 (e.g., at 150b) , and / or the CU processor 1846 (e.g., at 150c) . The PDRCH configuration component 150a-150c may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors 1806, 1826, 1846 configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by the one or more processors 1806, 1826, 1846, or a combination thereof.
[0165] The specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes and flowcharts disclosed herein is an illustration of example approaches. Hence, the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes and flowcharts may be rearranged. Some blocks may also be combined or deleted. Dashed lines may indicate optional elements of the diagrams. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in an example order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented in the claims, processes, and flowcharts.
[0166] The detailed description set forth herein describes various configurations in connection with the drawings and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough explanation of various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0167] Aspects of wireless communication systems, such as telecommunication systems, are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, call flows, systems, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0168] An element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems-on-chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other similar hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software, which may be referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.
[0169] If the functionality described herein is implemented in software, the functions may be stored on, or encoded as, one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media and can include a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
[0170] Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may come about via integrated chip implementations and other non-module-component based devices, such as end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI) -enabled devices, machine learning (ML) -enabled devices, etc. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular or non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more techniques described herein.
[0171] Devices incorporating the aspects and features described herein may also include additional components and features for the implementation and practice of the claimed and described aspects and features. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes, such as hardware components, antennas, RF-chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processor (s) , interleavers, adders / summers, etc. Techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc., of varying configurations.
[0172] The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be interpreted in view of the full scope of the present disclosure consistent with the language of the claims.
[0173] Reference to an element in the singular does not mean “one and only one” unless specifically stated, but rather “one or more. ” Terms such as “if, ” “when, ” and “while” do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when, ” do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, but without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The terms “may” , “might” , and “can” , as used in this disclosure, often carry certain connotations. For example, “may” refers to a permissible feature that may or may not occur, “might” refers to a feature that probably occurs, and “can” refers to a capability (e.g., capable of) . The phrase “For example” often carries a similar connotation to “may” and, therefore, “may” is sometimes excluded from sentences that include “for example” or other similar phrases.
[0174] Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C” or “one or more of A, B, or C” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, such as A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, and / or multiples of C, or may include A only, B only, or C only. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements where the elements number one or more. Terms or articles such as “a” , “an” , and / or “the” may refer to one of an item, feature, element, etc., that the term or article precedes, or may refer to more than one of said item, feature, element, etc. that the term or article precedes. For example, the recitation “a widget” does not preclude reference to multiples of said widget, as “multiple widgets” necessarily includes “a widget” . Hence, the recitation “a widget” may be interpreted as “at least one widget” or, similarly, interpreted as “one or more widgets” .
[0175] Unless otherwise specifically indicated, ordinal terms such as “first” and “second” do not necessarily imply an order in time, sequence, numerical value, etc., but are used to distinguish between different instances of a term or phrase that follows each ordinal term.
[0176] Reference numbers, as used in the specification and figures, are sometimes cross-referenced among drawings to denote same or similar features. A feature that is exactly the same in multiple drawings may be labeled with the same reference number in the multiple drawings. A feature that is similar among the multiple drawings, but not exactly the same, may be labeled with reference numbers that have different leading numbers but have one or more of the same trailing numbers (e.g., 206, 306, 406, etc., may refer to similar features in the drawings) . Hence, like numbers may refer to like actions.
[0177] Structural and functional equivalents to elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “device, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ” As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” , where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like, shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.
[0178] The following examples are illustrative only and may be combined with other examples or teachings described herein, without limitation.
[0179] Example 1 is a method of wireless communication at a first wireless device, including: receiving, from a second wireless device, a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channer (PDRCH) ; receiving, from the second wireless device, reader-to-device (R2D) layer one (L1) control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; transmitting, to the second wireless device, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.
[0180] Example 2 may be combined with example 1, where the first wireless device includes an ambient Internet of Things, A-IoT, device; and where the second wireless device includes at least one of a network entity, a base station, a transmission and reception point, an intermediate node, an assisting node, a user equipment (UE) or a reader.
[0181] Example 3 may be combined with any of examples 1-2, where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission includes transmitting the D2R data information, and where the at least one of the preamble, the midamble, or the postamble indicates the D2R L1 control information.
[0182] Example 4 may be combined with any of examples 1-2, where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission includes transmitting the D2R L1 control information and the D2R data information; and where the D2R L1 control information is associated with a first transmit power and the D2R data information is associated with a second transmit power, and where the D2R L1 control information is associated with a first modulation scheme and the D2R data information is associated with a second modulation scheme.
[0183] Example 5 may be combined with any of examples 1-2, where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission includes transmitting the D2R data information, and where the D2R data information includes the D2R L1 control information.
[0184] Example 6 may be combined with any of examples 1-2, where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission includes: transmitting a first part of the D2R L1 control information; transmitting, subsequent to the transmitting the first part of the D2R L1 control information, the D2R data information; and transmitting, subsequent to the transmitting the D2R data information, a second part of the D2R L1 control information.
[0185] Example 7 may be combined with any of examples 1-2, where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission includes transmitting the D2R L1 control information.
[0186] Example 8 may be combined with any of examples 1-2, 4, and 6, where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission includes transmitting a first preamble that indicates a start of the D2R L1 control information and a second preamble that indicates a start of the D2R data information.
[0187] Example 9 may be combined with any of examples 1-6, where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission includes transmitting the preamble, the midamble, and the postamble; and where the preamble indicates a start of the D2R data information, the midamble indicates a middle of the D2R data information, and the postamble indicates an end of the D2R data information.
[0188] Example 10 may be combined with any of examples 1-2, 4, and 6, where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission includes transmitting a first preamble, the postamble, and at least one of the midamble or a second preamble; and where the first preamble indicates a start of the D2R L1 control information, the postamble indicates an end of the D2R data information, and the at least one of the midamble or the second preamble indicates a start of the D2R data information.
[0189] Example 11 may be combined with any of examples 1-2, 4, and 6-7, where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission includes transmitting the preamble and the postamble; and where the preamble indicates a start of the D2R L1 control information or serves as the D2R L1 control information, and where the postamble indicates an end of the D2R L1 control information.
[0190] Example 12 may be combined with any of examples 1-6, where the PDRCH is modulated according to a first modulation scheme when the D2R data information has a first length greater than or equal to a threshold length; and where the PDRCH is modulated according to a second modulation scheme when the D2R data information has a second length less than the threshold length.
[0191] Example 13 may be combined with any of examples 1-2, 4, 6-8, and 10-11, where the D2R L1 control information indicates at least one of a negative acknowledgment (NACK) for a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) transmission or an acknowledgment (ACK) for the PRDCH transmission.
[0192] Example 14 may be combined with any of examples 1-13, further including: transmitting, to the second wireless device, capability information indicating at least one of a supported channel structure of the PDRCH, a supported modulation scheme of the PDRCH, a supported waveform of the PDRCH, a supported line coding of the PDRCH, or a supported D2R power control scheme.
[0193] Example 15 may be combined with any of examples 1-14, where the configuration indicates at least one of an absolute power, an absolute delta value, or an accumulated delta value of at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor; and where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission is based on the at least one of the absolute power, the absolute delta value, or the accumulated delta value.
[0194] Example 16 may be combined with any of examples 1-15, further including: performing a pathloss measurement on the R2D L1 control information; and determining, based on the pathloss measurement, at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor, where the transmitting the PDRCH transmission is based on the at least one of the reflection factor or the amplification factor.
[0195] Example 17 may be combined with any of examples 1-16, further including: detecting at least one of an R2D preamble, an R2D midamble, or an R2D postamble indicating a channel structure of a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) , where the receiving the R2D L1 control information includes receiving the R2D L1 control information via the channel structure of the PRDCH.
[0196] Example 18 is a method of wireless communication at a second wireless device, including: transmitting, to a first wireless device, a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) ; transmitting, to the first wireless device, reader-to-device (R2D) layer one (L1) control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; receiving, from the first wireless device, a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.
[0197] Example 19 may be combined with example 18, where the first wireless device includes an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device; and where the second wireless device includes at least one of a network entity, a base station, a transmission and reception point, an intermediate node, an assisting node, a user equipment (UE) , or a reader.
[0198] Example 20 may be combined with any of examples 18-19, where the receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the D2R data information, and where the at least one of the preamble, the midamble, or the postamble indicates the D2R L1 control information.
[0199] Example 21 may be combined with any of examples 18-19, where the receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the D2R L1 control information and the D2R data information, where the D2R L1 control information is associated with a first transmit power and the D2R data information is associated with a second transmit power, and where the D2R L1 control information is associated with a first modulation scheme and the D2R data information is associated with a second modulation scheme.
[0200] Example 22 may be combined with any of examples 18-19, where the receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the D2R data information, and where the D2R data information includes the D2R L1 control information.
[0201] Example 23 may be combined with any of examples 18-19, where the receiving the PDRCH transmission includes: receiving a first part of the D2R L1 control information; receiving, subsequent to the receiving the first part of the D2R L1 control information, the D2R data information; and receiving, subsequent to the receiving the D2R data information, a second part of the D2R L1 control information.
[0202] Example 24 may be combined with any of examples 18-19, where the receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the D2R L1 control information.
[0203] Example 25 may be combined with any of examples 18-19, 21, and 23, where the receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving a first preamble that indicates a start of the D2R L1 control information and a second preamble that indicates a start of the D2R data information.
[0204] Example 26 may be combined with any of examples 18-23, where the receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the preamble, the midamble, and the postamble, where the preamble indicates a start of the D2R data information, the midamble indicates a middle of the D2R data information, and the postamble indicates an end of the D2R data information.
[0205] Example 27 may be combined with any of examples 18-19, 21, and 23, where the receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving a first preamble, the postamble, and at least one of the midamble or a second preamble, where the first preamble indicates a start of the D2R L1 control information, the postamble indicates an end of the D2R data information, and the at least one of the midamble or the second preamble indicates a start of the D2R data information.
[0206] Example 28 may be combined with any of examples 18-19, 21, and 23-24, where the receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the preamble and the postamble, where the preamble indicates a start of the D2R L1 control information or serves as the D2R L1 control information, and where the postamble indicates an end of the D2R L1 control information.
[0207] Example 29 may be combined with any of examples 18-23, where the PDRCH is modulated according to a first modulation scheme when the D2R data information has a first length greater than or equal to a threshold length, and where the PDRCH is modulated according to a second modulation scheme when the D2R data information has a second length less than the threshold length.
[0208] Example 30 may be combined with any of examples 18-19, 21, 23-25, and 27-28, where the D2R L1 control information indicates at least one of a negative acknowledgment (NACK) for a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) transmission or an acknowledgment (ACK) for the PRDCH transmission.
[0209] Example 31 may be combined with any of examples 18-30, further including: receiving, from the first wireless device, capability information indicating at least one of a supported channel structure of the PDRCH, a supported modulation scheme of the PDRCH, a supported waveform of the PDRCH, a supported line coding of the PDRCH, or a supported D2R power control scheme.
[0210] Example 32 may be combined with any of examples 18-31, where the configuration indicates at least one of an absolute power, an absolute delta value, or an accumulated delta value of at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor; and where the receiving the PDRCH transmission is based on the at least one of the absolute power, the absolute delta value, or the accumulated delta value.
[0211] Example 33 may be combined with any of examples 18-32, further including: transmitting at least one of an R2D preamble, an R2D midamble, or an R2D postamble indicating a channel structure of a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) , where the transmitting the R2D L1 control information includes transmitting the R2D L1 control information via the channel structure of the PRDCH.
[0212] Example 34 is an apparatus for wireless communication including a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver, the apparatus being configured for implementing a method as in any of examples 1-33.
[0213] Example 35 is an apparatus for wireless communication including means for implementing a method as in any of examples 1-33.
[0214] Example 36 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, the code when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement a method as in any of examples 1-33.
Claims
1.A method of wireless communication at a first wireless device (103) , comprising:receiving (834) , from a second wireless device (105) , a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel, PDRCH, (958) ;receiving (840) , from the second wireless device (105) , reader-to-device, R2D, layer one, L1, control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH (958) ;transmitting (844) , to the second wireless device (105) , a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to-reader, D2R, L1 control information or D2R data information.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless device (103) comprises an ambient Internet of Things, A-IoT, device; andwherein the second wireless device (105) comprises at least one of a network entity, a base station (104) , a transmission and reception point, an intermediate node (522) , an assisting node, a user equipment, UE, (102) or a reader.3.The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting the D2R data information (954) , and wherein the at least one of the preamble (950a) , the midamble (1062) , or the postamble (956) indicates the D2R L1 control information (952) .4.The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting the D2R L1 control information (952) and the D2R data information (954) ; andwherein the D2R L1 control information (952) is associated with a first transmit power and the D2R data information (954) is associated with a second transmit power, and wherein the D2R L1 control information (952) is associated with a first modulation scheme and the D2R data information (954) is associated with a second modulation scheme.5.The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting the D2R data information (954) , and wherein the D2R data information (954) comprises the D2R L1 control information (952) .6.The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises:transmitting a first part of the D2R L1 control information (1152a) ;transmitting, subsequent to the transmitting the first part of the D2R L1 control information (1152a) , the D2R data information (954) ; andtransmitting, subsequent to the transmitting the D2R data information (954) , a second part of the D2R L1 control information (1152b) .7.The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting the D2R L1 control information (952) .8.The method of any of claims 1-2, 4, and 6, wherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting a first preamble (950a) that indicates a start of the D2R L1 control information (952) and a second preamble (950b) that indicates a start of the D2R data information (954) .9.The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting the preamble (950a) , the midamble (1062) , and the postamble (956) ; andwherein the preamble (950a) indicates a start of the D2R data information (954) , the midamble (1062) indicates a middle of the D2R data information (954) , and the postamble (956) indicates an end of the D2R data information (954) .10.The method of any of claims 1-2, 4, and 6, wherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting a first preamble (950a) , the postamble (956) , and at least one of the midamble (1062) or a second preamble (950b) ; andwherein the first preamble (950a) indicates a start of the D2R L1 control information (952) , the postamble (956) indicates an end of the D2R data information (954) , and the at least one of the midamble (1062) or the second preamble (950b) indicates a start of the D2R data information (954) .11.The method of any of claims 1-2, 4, and 6-7, wherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting the preamble (950a) and the postamble (956) ; andwherein the preamble (950a) indicates a start of the D2R L1 control information (952) or serves as the D2R L1 control information, and wherein the postamble (956) indicates an end of the D2R L1 control information (952) .12.The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein the PDRCH (958) is modulated according to a first modulation scheme when the D2R data information (954) has a first length greater than or equal to a threshold length; andwherein the PDRCH (958) is modulated according to a second modulation scheme when the D2R data information (954) has a second length less than the threshold length.13.The method of any of claims 1-2, 4, 6-8, and 10-11, wherein the D2R L1 control information (952) indicates at least one of a negative acknowledgment, NACK, for a physical reader-to-device channel, PRDCH, transmission or an acknowledgment, ACK, for the PRDCH transmission.14.The method of any of claims 1-13, further comprising:transmitting (832) , to the second wireless device (105) , capability information indicating at least one of a supported channel structure of the PDRCH (958) , a supported modulation scheme of the PDRCH (958) , a supported waveform of the PDRCH (958) , a supported line coding of the PDRCH, or a supported D2R power control scheme.15.The method of any of claims 1-14, wherein the configuration indicates at least one of an absolute power, an absolute delta value, or an accumulated delta value of at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor; andwherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission is based on the at least one of the absolute power, the absolute delta value, or the accumulated delta value.16.The method of any of claims 1-15, further comprising:performing (842) a pathloss measurement on the R2D L1 control information; anddetermining (843) , based on the pathloss measurement, at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor, wherein the transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission is based on the at least one of the reflection factor or the amplification factor.17.The method of any of claims 1-16, further comprising:detecting (836) at least one of an R2D preamble, an R2D midamble, or an R2D postamble indicating a channel structure of a physical reader-to-device channel, PRDCH, wherein the receiving the R2D L1 control information comprises receiving the R2D L1 control information via the channel structure of the PRDCH.18.A method of wireless communication at a second wireless device (105) , comprising:transmitting (834) , to a first wireless device (103) , a configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel, PDRCH, (958) ;transmitting (840) , to the first wireless device (103) , reader-to-device, R2D, layer one, L1, control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH (958) ;receiving (844) , from the first wireless device (103) , a PDRCH transmission based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble (950a) , a midamble (1062) , or a postamble (956) indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH (958) , the channel structure of the PDRCH (958) including at least one of device-to reader, D2R, L1 control information (952) or D2R data information (954) .19.The method of claim 18, wherein the first wireless device (103) comprises an ambient Internet of Things, A-IoT, device; andwherein the second wireless device (105) comprises at least one of a network entity, a base station (104) , a transmission and reception point, an intermediate node (522) , an assisting node, a user equipment, UE, (102) or a reader.20.An apparatus for wireless communication comprising a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver, the apparatus being configured to implement a method as in any of claims 1-19.