Intermediate symbol transmission method and device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications, and discloses an intermediate symbol transmission method and a device. The intermediate symbol transmission method in embodiments of the present application comprises: a first device sends or receives an intermediate symbol on the basis of first information, wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol.

Description

Intermediate symbol transmission method and device

[0001] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410403738.6, filed on April 3, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety as part of the present application. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to an intermediate symbol transmission method and device. BACKGROUND

[0004] In the related R19-AIoT research, the use of intermediate symbols in (Device to Reader, D2R) or (Reader to Device, R2D) transmission is considered. Timing tracking or calibration time is performed through intermediate symbols. Especially for D2R, intermediate symbols can also be used for channel and interference estimation. Therefore, for those skilled in the art, how to perform intermediate symbol transmission is a technical problem that needs to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the problems in the related art, the embodiments of the present application provide an intermediate symbol transmission method and device.

[0006] In a first aspect, an intermediate symbol transmission method is provided, comprising:

[0007] A first device transmits or receives the intermediate symbol based on first information; the first information includes at least one of the following: protocol pre-defined information, first indication information, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol.

[0008] In a second aspect, an intermediate symbol transmission apparatus is provided, comprising:

[0009] A transmission module is configured to transmit or receive the intermediate symbol based on first information; the first information includes at least one of the following: protocol pre-defined information, first indication information, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol.

[0010] In a third aspect, a first device is provided, which comprises a processor and a memory, the memory stores programs or instructions executable on the processor, and the programs or instructions are executed by the processor to implement the steps of the method according to the first aspect.

[0011] In a fourth aspect, a first device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is configured to send or receive the intermediate symbol based on first information, and the first information includes at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol.

[0012] In a fifth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, and the readable storage medium stores a program or instructions, and the program or instructions are executed by a processor to implement the steps of the method in the first aspect.

[0013] In a sixth aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, including a first device and a second device, and the first device is configured to implement the steps of the method in the first aspect.

[0014] In a seventh aspect, a chip is provided, and the chip includes a processor and a communication interface, and the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to run a program or instructions to implement the method in the first aspect.

[0015] In an eighth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, and the computer program / program product is stored in a storage medium, and the computer program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the intermediate symbol transmission method in the first aspect.

[0016] In the embodiments of the present application, the first device sends or receives the intermediate symbol based on first information, and the first information includes at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information of the second device, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol. In the above scheme, the sending or receiving of the intermediate symbol can be implemented based on at least one of the first information, and the flexibility and reliability are greater, and the transmission performance is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an A-IOT architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an A-IOT architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of FM0 encoding according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of FM0 encoding states according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of FM0 encoding states according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] FIG. 7 is a state transition diagram of FM0 according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a preamble encoded by FM0 according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a preamble encoded by FM0 according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of end data encoded by FM0 according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of Miller encoding according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of Miller encoding states according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of Miller encoding states according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG. 14 is a state transition diagram of Miller according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a preamble encoded by Miller according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a preamble encoded by Miller according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of Miller encoding according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of end data encoded by Miller according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between chip rate and BLF according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of PIE encoding according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of Manchester encoding according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a tail code transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a principle of a tail code transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of a principle of a tail code transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG. 25 is a structural schematic diagram of a tail code transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG. 26 is a structural schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG. 27 is a structural schematic diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG. 28 is a structural schematic diagram of a network side device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0046] The terms "first", "second" and the like in the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second" are usually a category, not limited to the number of objects, for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "or" in the present application means at least one of the connected objects. For example, "A or B" covers three schemes, namely, scheme one: including A and not including B; scheme two: including B and not including A; scheme three: including A and including B. The character " / " generally represents that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0047] The term "indication" in the present application can be a direct indication (or explicit indication) or an indirect indication (or implicit indication). The direct indication can be understood as that the sender explicitly informs the receiver of specific information, operations to be performed or requested results, etc. in the indication sent by the sender. The indirect indication can be understood as that the receiver determines the corresponding information according to the indication sent by the sender, or judges and determines the operations to be performed or the requested results according to the judgment result.

[0048] It is worth noting that the technology described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application are often used interchangeably, and the described technology can be used in the above-mentioned systems and radio technologies, as well as in other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes a New Radio (NR) system for example purposes, and NR terminology is used in most of the following description, but these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th Generation (6G) communication systems. th

[0049] ​FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a wireless communication system to which embodiments of the present application can be applied. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12. The terminal 11 can be an IOT device, an A-IOT device, a mobile phone, a Tablet Personal Computer, a Laptop Computer, a notebook computer, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a palm computer, a netbook, an Ultra-mobile Personal Computer (UMPC), a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an Augmented Reality (AR) device, a Virtual Reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device, a flight vehicle, a Vehicle User Equipment (VUE), a shipboard device, a Pedestrian User Equipment (PUE), a smart home (a home device with a wireless communication function, such as a refrigerator, a television, a washing machine, or furniture, etc.), a game console, a Personal Computer (PC), a kiosk, or a self-service machine, etc. The wearable device includes a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a smart earphone, smart glasses, smart jewelry (a smart bracelet, a smart necklace, a smart ring, a smart necklace, a smart anklet, a smart necklace, etc.), a smart wristband, smart clothing, etc. The vehicle-mounted device can also be referred to as a vehicle-mounted terminal, a vehicle-mounted controller, a vehicle-mounted module, a vehicle-mounted component, a vehicle-mounted chip, or a vehicle-mounted unit, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of the terminal 11 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. The network-side device 12 can include an access network device or a core network device. The access network device can also be referred to as a Radio Access Network (RAN) device, a radio access network function, or a radio access network unit. The access network device can include a base station, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Access Point (AP), or a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) node, etc.The base station can be referred to as a Node B (NB), an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation Node B (gNB), a New Radio Node B (NR Node B), an access point, a relay station (RBS), a serving base station (SBS), a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a home Node B (HNB), a home evolved Node B, a transmission reception point (TRP), or some other suitable terminology in the art, and is not limited to a particular technical terminology, provided that the same technical effect is achieved. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, only the base station in the NR system is taken as an example for introduction, and the specific type of the base station is not limited.

[0050] The core network device can include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: a core network node, a core network function, a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), a session management function (SMF), a user plane function (UPF), a policy control function (PCF), a policy and charging rules function (PCRF), an edge application server discovery function (EASDF), a unified data management (UDM), a unified data repository (UDR), a home subscriber server (HSS), a centralized network configuration (CNC), a network repository function (NRF), a network exposure function (NEF), a local NEF (L-NEF), a binding support function (BSF), an application function (AF), and the like. It should be noted that only the core network device in the NR system is taken as an example for introduction in the embodiments of the present application, and the specific type of the core network device is not limited.

[0051] First, the technical terms and application scenarios involved in the embodiments of the present application are introduced:

[0052] I. AIoT device type:

[0053] In 3GPP R19 A-IoT research, the energy storage capacity of environmental Internet of Things devices and the ability to generate radio frequency signals for transmission are used to represent environmental Internet of Things devices. A-IoT devices have the following types:

[0054] (1) Device A: has energy storage, no independent signal generation / amplification, that is, can send signals by using backscatter transmission.

[0055] (2) Device B: with energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. signals can be sent using backscatter transmission. The use of stored energy can include amplification of reflected signals.

[0056] (3) Device C: with energy storage, with independent signal generation, i.e. active RF components for transmission.

[0057] Different energy storage capabilities of devices also affect the transmission quality of the devices. In general, devices with higher energy storage also mean higher reception sensitivity or higher transmission power, and the reliability of the reception or transmission link can be better guaranteed.

[0058] II. AIoT service types:

[0059] Main data / service types of A-IoT:

[0060] 1. DO: Device-originated

[0061] 2. DT: Device-terminated

[0062] Among them, DO means that the data flow originates from the A-IoT device (similar to the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag Tag), and DT data means that the data flow is transmitted to the A-IoT device. For data flow originating from A-IoT device, i.e. DO data, it can be further classified as:

[0063] 1-1, DO-A: DO autonomous, i.e. AIoT device initiates data transmission autonomously;

[0064] For example: Connect a large number of various sensors, which collect and actively report information about the environment, equipment and living things when necessary.

[0065] 1-2, DO-DTT, DO device-terminated triggered, i.e. base station and other reader devices (Reader) trigger AIoT device to initiate data transmission;

[0066] For example: Asset identification, status reporting and tracking, Reader collects data from Tag by triggering inventory program. Since the data is generated / initiated in the IoT device, this service should be considered as a DO service initiated by the Tag triggered by the Reader-side control command.

[0067] III. AIoT topology types:

[0068] As shown in FIG. 2, Topology 1: network device (e.g., BS) communicates with A-IoT device;

[0069] As shown in FIG. 3, Topology 2: network device (e.g., BS) communicates with intermediate node and A-IoT device.

[0070] Four, common line code introduction:

[0071] For Tag to Reader (uplink), FM0 and Miller are used in RFID; for Reader to Tag (downlink), Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE) is used in RFID.

[0072] The following FM0, Miller, PIE and common Manchester encoding are introduced respectively:

[0073] 1. FM0

[0074] FM0 encoding (also known as Bi-Phase Space Coding) has memory, that is, the timing of FM0 depends on the previous transmission form. The working principle of FM0 encoding is to use level change in a bit window to represent logic. If the level flips from the start of the bit window, it represents logic "1". If the level flips in the middle of the bit window in addition to the start of the bit window, it represents logic "0". (That is, FM0 encoding has a jump at the beginning of each bit of data, and if there is a jump in the center of the data, it represents 0, and if there is no jump in the center of the data, it represents 1). According to the rules of FM0 encoding, it can be found that whether the transmitted data is 0 or 1, a jump needs to occur at the start of the bit window, as shown in FIG. 4.

[0075] FM0 encoding defines four states, in which state S2 or state S3 represents data-0, as shown in FIG. 5; state S1 or state S4 represents data-1, as shown in FIG. 6.

[0076] And there is a transition relationship between the four states, for example, state S1 can be converted to state S3 or S4, and state S2 can be converted to S2 or S1, as shown in the state transition diagram in FIG. 7.

[0077] There are two preambles sent before the data, which preamble is used is determined by the value of TRext in the Query command, as shown in Figure 8 for Trext = 0, and Figure 9 for Trext = 1. The "v" indicates an FM0 conflict, i.e. no corresponding phase flip occurs, and is used to distinguish the preambles from the data code. The transmission of data is always ended by a 1-bit signal of a "dummy" data 1, as shown in Figure 10.

[0078] 2. Miller

[0079] Miller code is also known as delay modulation code, and can be regarded as a variant of bi-phase code. In Miller basic encoding, only when 0 -> 0 (indicating that the two adjacent bits are both 0), the signal edge will be changed. For Miller-modulated subcarrier, each bit (Miller basic code) must include 2 / 4 / 8 subcarrier periods, and is determined by the value of M in the Query command. A schematic diagram of a Miller basic code "000" is shown in Figure 11.

[0080] Similar to FM0 encoding, Miller encoding also has four states, and states S1 or S4 represent data-0, as shown in Figure 12; states S2 or S3 represent data-1, as shown in Figure 13. There is also a corresponding state transition relationship, as shown in Figure 14.

[0081] Miller subcarrier signal starts transmission by one of the two preambles, which preamble is used is determined by the value of TRext in the Query command initiating the inventory, as shown in Figure 15 for Trext = 0, and Figure 16 for Trext = 1.

[0082] As shown in Figure 15, the encoding mode of M = 2 and TRext = 0 is used; the Miller encoding rules are as follows:

[0083] (1) If the current bit state is 1, the signal start is equal to the tail of the previous signal, with a jump in the middle;

[0084] (2) If the current bit state is 0, and the previous signal is 1, the signal start is equal to the tail of the previous signal, without a jump in the middle;

[0085] (3) If the current bit state is 0, and the previous signal is 0, the signal start is equal to the tail of the previous signal with a jump, without a jump in the middle.

[0086] Suppose there is a string of data to be encoded "010111". The first data bit is '0', the second data bit is '1', which meets the above rule 1, so the signal starts with the end of the previous signal and jumps in the middle. The third data bit is '0', which meets the above rule 2, so the signal starts with the end of the previous signal and does not change in the middle. The fourth data bit is '1', which meets the above rule 1, so the signal starts with the end of the previous signal and jumps in the middle. The fifth data bit is '1', which meets the above rule 1, so the signal starts with the end of the previous signal and jumps in the middle. The sixth data bit is '1', which meets the above rule 1, so the signal starts with the end of the previous signal and jumps in the middle. The final encoded waveform is shown in Figure 17.

[0087] While the Miller encoding also always ends the transmission of data with a 1-bit signal of a "dummy" data 1, as shown in Figure 18.

[0088] In RFID, the Tag sends the bit data encoded by FM0 / Miller to the Reader using the Backscatter Link Frequency (BLF). The relationship between the chip rate and a period corresponding to the BLF is shown in Figure 19, where the bit time in FM0 is T cycle , T cycle = 1 / BLF = 2*T chip (T chip is the chip length), and the bit time in Miller-2 / 4 / 8 is 2*T cycle , 4*T cycle , 8*T cycle , respectively.

[0089] 3. Pulse interval encoding (PIE)

[0090] In PIE, data-0 and data-1 are shown in Figure 20, where Tari is the reference time interval, PW (Pulse width) is the pulse width, the duration of data-0 is Tari, and the duration of data-1 is 1.5-2Tari.

[0091] 4. Manchester

[0092] Manchester encoding represents data-0 and data-1 by a level jump in the middle of the bit window, where data-0 is represented as a jump from high to low, and data-0 is represented as a jump from low to high. An example of Manchester encoding is shown in Figure 21.

[0093] In the embodiments of the present application, the intermediate symbol can also be referred to as Midamble, synchronization symbol, timing tracking symbol, or intermediate identifier, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0094] Optionally, the responding device: the communication mode of the responding device can be backscattering RF signal for signal transmission, or some active tags have the ability to generate signals actively. Because the energy of the responding device can come from the environment, such as environmental RF energy, thermal energy, wind energy, kinetic energy, etc., it can also be referred to as an A-IoT device (also referred to as a Device). Therefore, the responding device can also be regarded as a terminal, and can also be referred to as a terminal device. In a possible implementation manner, it can be a tag, and can be active, passive or semi-active.

[0095] The read-write device: a device for reading (and sometimes writing) tag information, which can also be understood as a device for communicating with the tag, such as a terminal, a base station, or a device with reading and writing functions, for example, a reader (Reader), which is not limited here. The read-write device can send a carrier excitation signal or a control command.

[0096] In the embodiments of the present application, the transmission of Device to Reader can be simply described as D2R transmission. The transmission usually includes a signal for timing acquisition (timing acquisition signal), for example, D2R preamble. The transmission usually also includes at least one physical channel (PDRCH, i.e., D2R physical channel) for carrying data and / or control information. The transmission can also include an end symbol (such as Postamble) or D2R intermediate symbol (such as Midamble). The D2R transmission can use binary on-off keying (OOK) and / or binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation. The D2R transmission can use line codes, such as FM0 encoding or Miller encoding; the D2R transmission can also use forward error correction encoding (FEC); the D2R transmission can also use repetition encoding or repetition transmission. The preamble part, PDRCH part, end symbol, and D2R Midamble of the R2D transmission can use the same or different modulation and / or encoding.

[0097] In the embodiments of the present application, the transmission from the Reader to the Device can be simply described as R2D transmission. The transmission usually includes a signal for timing acquisition, for example, R2D preamble. The transmission usually also includes at least one physical channel (PRDCH, i.e., R2D physical channel) for carrying data and / or control information. The transmission can also include an end symbol or a midamble. The R2D transmission can employ OOK modulation. The R2D transmission can employ line codes, such as Manchester coding or PIE coding. The preamble part, the PRDCH part, the end symbol, and the midamble of the R2D transmission can employ the same or different modulation and / or coding.

[0098] The intermediate symbol transmission method provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in combination with the drawings, through some embodiments and application scenarios.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 22, the present application provides an intermediate symbol transmission method, the execution subject of the present embodiment is a first device, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0100] In step 101, the first device sends or receives the intermediate symbol based on first information.

[0101] The first information comprises at least one of the following:

[0102] The protocol pre-defined information, the first indication information, and the transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol.

[0103] Optionally, the first device can be a Reader, and the second device can be a Device; or, the first device can be a Device, and the second device can be a Reader.

[0104] In some embodiments, the intermediate symbol can be a sequence inserted in the data part, and the first device can send or receive the intermediate symbol based on at least one of the pre-defined information, the first indication information, and the transmission rule satisfied.

[0105] Optionally, the first indication information can be sent by the second device or can be the indication information forwarded by the second device from the network side device.

[0106] In the case where the first device is a Device, the first device can also send or receive the intermediate symbol based on the configuration information of the second device (Reader), for example, the Reader pre-configures how to send or receive the intermediate symbol to the Device. In the case where the second device is a UE, the configuration information can also be the configuration information of the network side device forwarded by the UE.

[0107] The method of the embodiment, the first device sends or receives the intermediate symbol based on the first information; the first information includes at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information of the second device, and transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol. In the above scheme, the sending or receiving of the intermediate symbol can be implemented based on at least one of the first information, which has greater flexibility and greater reliability, and improves the transmission performance.

[0108] Optionally, the first device sends the intermediate symbol based on the first information, including:

[0109] The first device determines whether to send the intermediate symbol based on the first information;

[0110] In the case of determining to send the intermediate symbol, the first device determines the transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on third information; the third information includes at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information of the second device, and transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol;

[0111] The first device sends the intermediate symbol to the second device based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

[0112] In some embodiments, the first device determines whether to send the intermediate symbol based on the first information, in the case of determining to send the intermediate symbol, determines the transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on the third information, and sends the intermediate symbol to the second device based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol. Since the intermediate symbol is sent based on the determined transmission format of the intermediate symbol, the reliability is greater, and the transmission performance is improved.

[0113] Optionally, the first device receives the intermediate symbol based on the first information, including:

[0114] The first device determines whether the second device sends the intermediate symbol based on the first information;

[0115] In the case of determining that the second device sends the intermediate symbol, the first device determines the transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on third information; the third information includes at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information of the second device, and transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol;

[0116] The first device receives the intermediate symbol sent by the second device based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

[0117] In some embodiments, the first device determines whether the second device transmits the intermediate symbol based on the first information, determines a transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on the first information in a case that the second device transmits the intermediate symbol, receives the intermediate symbol transmitted by the second device based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol, and correctly parses the intermediate symbol, thereby improving the accuracy of signal detection.

[0118] In some embodiments, the determination of whether to transmit the intermediate symbol and the transmission format of the intermediate symbol, such as the position of the insertion of the intermediate symbol, the number of the intermediate symbol, or the frequency, chip rate, and coding of the intermediate symbol, is based on at least one of the first information.

[0119] Optionally, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with second information, and the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0120] The transmission length of the data portion, the rate of the data portion, the size of the data portion, the type of the data portion, whether the data transmission adopts repeated transmission, whether the data transmission adopts line code coding, whether the data transmission includes tail code, and whether the data transmission adopts forward error correction coding (FEC) coding.

[0121] For example, the same size of data portion is transmitted at different rates, and the transmission length can also be different.

[0122] Optionally, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol includes at least one of the following: data segment length, number of intermediate symbols, position of the intermediate symbol, sequence of the intermediate symbol, frequency, chip rate, coding, and number of subcarriers corresponding to each bit.

[0123] Optionally, the association between the intermediate symbol and the second information can be predefined by a protocol.

[0124] Taking the transmission of R2D as an example, the Device determines whether the Reader transmits the intermediate symbol and the number and position of the intermediate symbol if transmitted according to the protocol predefined information.

[0125] The protocol predefined information includes at least one of the following modes:

[0126] 1. The transmission format (such as the number and position) of the intermediate symbol is determined by the transmission length of the data portion, and optionally, the data portion can also include control signaling.

[0127] Optionally, in a case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, different ranges of transmission length correspond to different transmission formats of the intermediate symbol.

[0128] Optionally, in case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is less than or equal to a first length, the number of the intermediate symbol is zero;

[0129] In case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is greater than the first length, and less than or equal to a second length, the number of the intermediate symbol is one;

[0130] In case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is greater than the second length, and less than or equal to a third length, the number of the intermediate symbol is N, N is an integer greater than 1.

[0131] Specifically, in case that the number of the intermediate symbol is N1, N1>0, N1 intermediate symbols divide one original data containing Y bits into N1+1 data segments evenly, for example, the first N1 data segments contain ceil or floor(Y / (N1+1)) bit numbers, the (N1+1)th data segment contains (Y-the total number of bits contained in the first N1 data segments) bit numbers. The N1th intermediate symbol is placed behind the N1th data segment, and in front of the (N1+1)th data segment.

[0132] Specifically, in case that the number of the intermediate symbol is one, one intermediate symbol divides one original data containing Y bits into two data segments, for example, the first data segment contains ceil or floor(Y / 2) bit numbers, and the second data segment contains (Y-the number of bits contained in the first data segment) bit numbers. The intermediate symbol is placed behind the first data segment, and in front of the second data segment.

[0133] In case that the number of the intermediate symbol is N, N>1, N intermediate symbols divide one original data containing Y bits into N+1 data segments evenly, for example, the first N data segments contain ceil or floor(Y / (N+1)) bit numbers, and the (N+1)th data segment contains (Y-the total number of bits contained in the first N data segments) bit numbers. The Nth intermediate symbol is placed behind the Nth data segment, and in front of the (N+1)th data segment.

[0134] Optionally, the first length, the second length and the third length can be pre-defined by a protocol, or pre-configured, or dynamically indicated.

[0135] 1-1, define corresponding transmission formats for different transmission lengths of data portions.

[0136] In one embodiment, for example, as shown in Table 1.

[0137] Table 1

[0138] Assuming T_data = 80 bits as the length of the coded bits, T1 = 20, T2 = 60, T3 = 100, and L = 8, according to Table 1, the total bit length of the data portion plus two intermediate symbol sequences after transmission is 80 + 2*8 = 96 bit symbols / chip length, as shown in FIG. 23.

[0139] The intermediate symbol sequences n = 0 and n = 1, the length L, and the coding characteristics described above can be the same or different, and are not limited.

[0140] The data segments segment #1, #2, #3 described above can be repeated transmission of data.

[0141] In Table 1, the first bit symbol / chip length can be a first length, the second bit symbol / chip length can be a second length, and the third bit symbol / chip length can be a third length.

[0142] 1-2, a mode is predefined:

[0143] Optionally, in the case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, there is one intermediate symbol every T4 bits in the data portion, and T4 is an integer greater than 0.

[0144] For example, an intermediate symbol needs to be sent every fourth bit symbol / chip length of data transmission. The fourth bit symbol / chip length is T4. For example, the fourth bit symbol / chip length is 14 bits, and the data portion is 16 bits, as shown in FIG. 24.

[0145] 1-3, when the target parameters of data transmission have one item in common, and at least one other item is different, a different transmission format (such as number or position) or a different intermediate symbol sequence is defined.

[0146] Optionally, in the case where at least one item in the second information is different, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is different.

[0147] The target parameters include at least one of the following: the transmission length of the data portion, the coding type, the size of the data portion, the rate of the data portion, and the coding parameter.

[0148] For example, the transmission length of the data part is the same, but at least one of the encoding type, or the size of the data part, or the rate of the data part, or the encoding parameter such as M of Miller encoding, M=2, 4, 8, etc. is different, which can define different transmission formats or different intermediate symbol sequences.

[0149] For example, the transmission length of the data part is the same, the sequence #1 of the intermediate symbol with a small rate can be different from the sequence #2 of the intermediate symbol with a large rate, such as the length of the sequence #1 of the intermediate symbol is less than the length of the sequence #2 of the intermediate symbol, which can improve the accuracy of signal detection.

[0150] Optionally, the number of intermediate symbols is uniquely determined, or the number of intermediate symbols is selected from a plurality of first candidate values in a protocol predefined set; or,

[0151] The position of the intermediate symbol is uniquely determined, or the position of the intermediate symbol is selected from a plurality of second candidate values in a protocol predefined set.

[0152] Optionally, the number and position of the intermediate symbol are statically determined or dynamically indicated.

[0153] 2. The protocol stipulates that when the data transmission adopts line code encoding, the intermediate symbol does not need to be transmitted in the data transmission; or when the data transmission adopts FEC encoding, the intermediate symbol needs to be transmitted.

[0154] 3. The protocol stipulates that when the data is repeated transmission, the preamble is used before the first transmission data, and the intermediate symbol is used before the subsequent repeated transmission data.

[0155] The above several modes can be combined for use.

[0156] In the above embodiments, the protocol predefines multiple modes of transmitting the intermediate symbol, which has greater flexibility.

[0157] Optionally, the first indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0158] The preamble, the to-be-transmitted information, the scheduling information and the control information.

[0159] Optionally, the scheduling information can include the scheduling information sent by the Reader to the Device, such as the scheduling information for PDRCH or PRDCH scheduling, and can include the required scheduling information sent by the Device to the Reader.

[0160] Optionally, when the first device is a reader (the second device is a Device), the first indication information is at least one of the following: information to be transmitted by the second device, scheduling information of the information to be transmitted, and control information, wherein the scheduling information of the information to be transmitted and the control information can be scheduling information and control information of a network side device forwarded by the second device.

[0161] Optionally, according to the protocol predefined information (such as the number and position of the intermediate symbol), R2D or D2R can further dynamically indicate whether to send or send which kind of intermediate symbol.

[0162] For example, according to the parameters of data transmission, only one kind of intermediate symbol can be determined (such as the number and position), and in the first indication information of data transmission, it is further indicated whether the intermediate symbol is sent in the current data transmission.

[0163] For example, according to the parameters of data transmission, only one kind of intermediate symbol can be determined (such as the number and position), and in the first indication information of data transmission, it is further indicated whether the intermediate symbol is sent in the current data transmission.

[0164] Optionally, the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following:

[0165] The length of the data segment; the number of the intermediate symbol; the position of the intermediate symbol.

[0166] Specifically, without protocol predefined information, R2D or D2R directly dynamically indicates whether to send and how many intermediate symbols, the position of the intermediate symbol or the length of the data segment.

[0167] For example, the first indication information indicates the number of intermediate symbols, which is an integer greater than or equal to 0. Optionally, the intermediate symbols can be evenly added in the data part. When the number of intermediate symbols is not 0, the intermediate symbol divides a complete data into multiple data segments with equal or unequal lengths. For example, the length of the last data segment can be smaller than that of other data segments, and the lengths of other data segments are equal. When the number of intermediate symbols is 0, no intermediate symbol is sent in this transmission.

[0168] For example, according to the indicated data segment length, a complete data is divided into multiple data segments with equal or unequal lengths, and the intermediate symbol is added at the end of the previous data segment and the beginning of the next data segment. The length of the last data segment can be smaller than the indicated data segment length.

[0169] Optionally, the first indication information is further used for indicating at least one of the following: a sequence of the intermediate symbol, a frequency of the intermediate symbol, a chip rate of the intermediate symbol, an encoding of the intermediate symbol, and a number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the intermediate symbol, i.e., the first indication information can indicate whether the intermediate symbol is transmitted or not, or a transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

[0170] In the above embodiments, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol can be determined in various ways, and the flexibility is relatively large. Optionally, the transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol includes at least one of the following:

[0171] (1) the intermediate symbol uses a bit sequence, and the length is L;

[0172] (2) the first X1 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristic of the previous data portion;

[0173] (3) the last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristic of the next data portion;

[0174] (4) the last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristic of the other part of the intermediate symbol except the last X2 bits;

[0175] (5) the frequency of the intermediate symbol is different from the frequency of the data portion;

[0176] (6) the chip rate of the intermediate symbol is different from the chip rate of the data portion;

[0177] (7) the encoding type of the intermediate symbol is different from the encoding type of the data portion;

[0178] (8) the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the intermediate symbol is different from the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the data portion;

[0179] wherein the L, X1 and X2 are integers greater than 0.

[0180] wherein the sizes of the L, X1 and X2 can be pre-defined by a protocol, pre-configured, or dynamically indicated.

[0181] For (1), the intermediate symbol can use a specific 0, 1 bit sequence, and the length of the sequence is L, which is referred to as an L-bit intermediate symbol sequence.

[0182] For (2), the first X1 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy / violate the encoding characteristic of the previous data portion, i.e., the first X1 bits of the intermediate symbol are different from the encoding characteristic of the previous data portion;

[0183] For example, assume that the previous data portion contains M bits, the first X1 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the coding property of all M bits or the last P bits of the M bits (1<=P

[0184] For (3), the last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy / violate the coding property of the next data portion, i.e., the last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol are different from the coding property of the next data portion.

[0185] For example, assume that the next data portion contains N bits, the last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the coding property of all N bits or the first Q bits of the N bits (1<=Q

[0186] For (4), the last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the coding property of the other bits (except the last X2 bits) in the intermediate symbol, i.e., the last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol are different from the coding property of the other bits (except the last X2 bits) in the intermediate symbol.

[0187] For example: the first bit of the intermediate symbol violates the coding property of the previous data portion, marking the beginning of the intermediate symbol; the last bit of the intermediate symbol violates the coding property of the other bits in the intermediate symbol, marking the end of the transmission of the intermediate symbol. Or the last bit of the intermediate symbol violates the coding property of the next data portion, marking the beginning of the next data portion and the end of the current intermediate symbol.

[0188] For example, if the data portion uses FM0 encoding, no level transition occurs between the first bit of the intermediate symbol and the last bit of the previous data portion (the normal encoding rule is to have a level transition), marking the beginning of the intermediate symbol; no level transition occurs between the last bit of the intermediate symbol and the second-to-last bit of the intermediate symbol (the normal encoding rule is to have a level transition), marking the end of the intermediate symbol; or no level transition occurs between the last bit of the intermediate symbol and the first bit of the next data portion (the normal encoding rule is to have a level transition), marking the beginning of the next data portion and the end of the current intermediate symbol.

[0189] For example, for Miller encoding, if the last bit of the data part is 1, and the first bit of the middle symbol is 0, then the signal edge of the first bit of the middle symbol jumps relative to the signal edge of the last bit of the data part (normal encoding rule is not to jump), marking the beginning of the middle symbol; if the last bit of the middle symbol is 0 and the second last bit of the middle symbol is 1, then the signal edge of the last bit of the middle symbol jumps relative to the signal edge of the second last bit of the middle symbol (normal encoding rule is not to jump), marking the end of the middle symbol.

[0190] For example, for Manchester encoding, the first bit and the last bit of the middle symbol use a continuous high or low symbol as the beginning or end of the middle symbol (normal encoding rule is that there is a jump in the middle of the bit window), or the first bit and the last bit of the middle symbol have multiple level changes in an information bit as the beginning or end thereof.

[0191] In the above embodiments, by letting the first X1 bits of the middle symbol not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristics of the previous data part, and the last X2 bits not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristics of the subsequent data part or other parts of the middle symbol, the receiving end can accurately determine the start / end of the inserted middle symbol in the data part, thereby improving the accuracy of middle symbol monitoring and reducing the false detection rate of the middle symbol.

[0192] For (5), for example, for device-to-Reader uplink D2R transmission, the BLF used by the middle symbol has a correlation with the BLF of the data part, for example, the BLF of the middle symbol is 2 times or 1 / 2 or X times the BLF of the data part, X can be indicated and determined by the Reader or determined based on preconfigured / predefined information, etc. For example, the device determines the BLF used by the data part in uplink transmission based on the downlink indication of the Reader, which is 80 kHz, and if the predefined BLF of the middle symbol is 2 times the BLF of the data transmission part, then the backscattering frequency used by the middle symbol is BLF = 160 kHz.

[0193] For (6), for example, for Reader-to-device downlink R2D transmission, PIE encoding is used, and the tail code uses a different Tari value from the data part, such as a default tail code using a Tari value that is 2 times or 1 / 2 of the Tari value used by the data part, etc.

[0194] For (7), for example, for device-to-Reader uplink transmission, there are two encoding methods available, namely FM0 and Miller. If the data part is encoded using FM0, the middle symbol can be encoded using Miller by default (for example, Miller-2 is used by default); if the data part is encoded using Miller, the middle symbol can be encoded using FM0 by default.

[0195] For example, for downlink Reader-to-device downlink transmission, if the data part is encoded using PIE, the middle symbol is encoded using Manchester by default; if the data part is encoded using Manchester, the middle symbol is encoded using PIE by default.

[0196] For (8), for example, for device-to-Reader uplink transmission, the data part uses Miller-2, i.e., each bit includes 2 subcarrier periods / subcarrier periods, and the tail code uses Miller-4, i.e., each bit includes 4 subcarrier periods / subcarrier periods.

[0197] In the above embodiments, by letting the middle symbol use a different frequency / chip rate / encoding / subcarrier period number from the data part, it can be ensured that the same level pattern as the middle symbol cannot appear in data transmission, thereby improving the accuracy of middle symbol monitoring and reducing the false detection rate of the middle symbol.

[0198] Optionally, the transmission rule satisfied by the middle symbol includes at least one of the following:

[0199] The frequency of the middle symbol is different from the frequency of the tail code;

[0200] The chip rate of the middle symbol is different from the chip rate of the tail code;

[0201] The encoding type of the middle symbol is different from the encoding type of the tail code;

[0202] The number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the middle symbol is different from the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the tail code.

[0203] Wherein, the tail code can also be referred to as Postamble, postamble, postamble sequence, postamble signal, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0204] In the above embodiments, by designing the middle symbol sequence or the encoding characteristics, the false detection rate of the middle symbol can be effectively reduced.

[0205] Optionally, in the case that the L-1 bit in the data portion is the same as the first L-1 bit of the intermediate symbol, the L-1 bit in the data portion is followed by padding data, and the original data after the original L-1 bit in the data portion is located after the padding data.

[0206] Specifically, when any data to be transmitted is the same as the first (L-1) bits of the intermediate symbol sequence, the next bit of the data, i.e., the Lth bit, is filled with a bit that is different from the Lth bit of the intermediate symbol sequence, referred to as padding data or padding bit, and the bit originally at the Lth bit of the data (and the bits after the Lth bit) appears after the padding bit. In other embodiments, the padding data can also be multiple bits.

[0207] Suppose the sequence of the intermediate symbol is "01011110" of L=8 bits, i.e., the bit sequence of the data satisfies 0101111x (x can be '0' or '1'), the first 7 bits of the data are the same as the first 7 bits of the intermediate symbol), then the 8th bit of the data is added with a padding bit '1', and the original 'x' appears after the padding bit, i.e., the sequence of the data transmitted by the device becomes 01011111x. After receiving 01011111x, the receiving end knows that the 8th bit is a padding bit, and needs to delete the padding bit to restore the original data.

[0208] In the above embodiments, in the case that the data portion and the intermediate symbol have consecutive multiple same bits, padding data is inserted in the data, which can avoid mistaking the data as the intermediate symbol, and improve the accuracy of intermediate symbol detection.

[0209] Optionally, in the case that the first device transmits the intermediate symbol based on the first information, the method further comprises:

[0210] The first device determines at least one of a transmission duration, a receiving duration, a transmission duration, and a processing duration of the intermediate symbol based on a transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

[0211] Specifically, the first device determines at least one of a transmission duration, a receiving duration, a transmission duration, and a processing duration of the intermediate symbol based on a transmission format of the intermediate symbol, e.g., based on the number or position of the intermediate symbol.

[0212] For example, the more the number of intermediate symbols, the longer the processing time required; the position of the intermediate symbol at the tail of the data transmission requires a longer processing time than the position of the intermediate symbol at the front of the data transmission.

[0213] For example, when the first device is the Reader, the determination of the transmission duration, the receiving duration, and the processing duration of the intermediate symbol sent by the first device can enable the first device to better receive the response of the responder or make a better decision.

[0214] Optionally, the transmission duration can include the transmission duration and the receiving duration, or the transmission duration refers to the one-way transmission duration.

[0215] For example, when the Reader sends the intermediate symbol, the determination of the transmission duration of 1 ms / 14 symbols, the receiving duration of 1 ms / 14 symbols, and the processing duration of 1 ms / 14 symbols can enable the response of the responder to be expected to be received after 3 ms / 42 symbols, and the response signal can be prepared to be received after 3 ms / 42 symbols.

[0216] Optionally, the first device determines at least one of the transmission duration, the receiving duration, the transmission duration, and the processing duration of the intermediate symbol based on the first information.

[0217] Optionally, the first device determines the transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on the first information, and determines at least one of the transmission duration, the receiving duration, the transmission duration, and the processing duration of the intermediate symbol based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

[0218] In summary, the method of the embodiments of the present application realizes the design of the intermediate symbol for AIoT uplink and downlink transmission, balances the flexibility of the design of the intermediate symbol and the signaling overhead of the indication of the transmission format of the intermediate symbol. In addition, by designing the sequence or coding characteristics of the intermediate symbol, the mis-detection rate of the intermediate symbol is effectively reduced.

[0219] The intermediate symbol transmission method provided by the embodiments of the present application can be executed by the intermediate symbol transmission device. In the embodiments of the present application, the intermediate symbol transmission method is executed by the intermediate symbol transmission device as an example to illustrate the intermediate symbol transmission device provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0220] FIG. 25 is a structural schematic diagram of the intermediate symbol transmission device provided by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 25, the intermediate symbol transmission device is applied to the first device, and the intermediate symbol transmission device includes:

[0221] The transmission module 110 is configured to transmit or receive the intermediate symbol based on the first information. The first information includes at least one of the following: protocol pre-defined information, first indication information, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol.

[0222] Optionally, the first indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0223] The preamble, the information to be transmitted, the scheduling information, and the control information.

[0224] Optionally, the transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol comprises at least one of:

[0225] The intermediate symbol uses a bit sequence and has a length of L;

[0226] The first X1 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristic of the previous data portion;

[0227] The last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristic of the next data portion;

[0228] The last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristic of other part of the intermediate symbol except the last X2 bits;

[0229] The frequency of the intermediate symbol is different from the frequency of the data portion;

[0230] The chip rate of the intermediate symbol is different from the chip rate of the data portion;

[0231] The encoding type of the intermediate symbol is different from the encoding type of the data portion;

[0232] The number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the intermediate symbol is different from the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the data portion;

[0233] The frequency of the intermediate symbol is different from the frequency of the tail code;

[0234] The chip rate of the intermediate symbol is different from the chip rate of the tail code;

[0235] The encoding type of the intermediate symbol is different from the encoding type of the tail code;

[0236] The number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the intermediate symbol is different from the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the tail code;

[0237] Wherein, the L, X1 and X2 are integers greater than 0.

[0238] Optionally, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with second information, and the second information comprises at least one of:

[0239] The transmission length of the data portion, the rate of the data portion, the size of the data portion, the type of the data portion, whether the data transmission adopts repeated transmission, whether the data transmission adopts line code encoding, whether the tail code is included in the data transmission, and whether the data transmission adopts forward error correction (FEC) encoding.

[0240] Optionally, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol comprises at least one of: a data segment length, a number of the intermediate symbols, a position of the intermediate symbol, a sequence of the intermediate symbol, a frequency, a chip rate, a coding, and a number of sub-carrier periods corresponding to each bit.

[0241] Optionally, the number of the intermediate symbols is uniquely determined, or the number of the intermediate symbols is selected from a plurality of first candidate values in a protocol predefined set.

[0242] The position of the intermediate symbol is uniquely determined, or the position of the intermediate symbol is selected from a plurality of second candidate values in a protocol predefined set.

[0243] Optionally, in a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with a transmission length of the data portion, different ranges of transmission length correspond to different transmission formats of the intermediate symbol.

[0244] Optionally, in a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with a transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is less than or equal to a first length, the number of the intermediate symbols is zero.

[0245] In a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with a transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is greater than the first length and less than or equal to a second length, the number of the intermediate symbols is one.

[0246] In a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with a transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is greater than the second length and less than or equal to a third length, the number of the intermediate symbols is N, N being an integer greater than 1.

[0247] Optionally, in a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with a transmission length of the data portion, there is one intermediate symbol every T4 bits in the data portion, T4 being an integer greater than 0.

[0248] Optionally, in a case where at least one of the second information is different, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is different.

[0249] Optionally, in a case where the first device transmits the intermediate symbol based on the first information, the transmission module 110 is further configured to:

[0250] Based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol, determine at least one of a transmission duration, a receiving duration, a transmission duration, and a processing duration of the intermediate symbol.

[0251] Optionally, in the case that the L-1 bit in the data part is the same as the first L-1 bits of the intermediate symbol, the L-1 bit in the data part is followed by padding data, and the data after the original L-1 bit in the data part is located after the padding data.

[0252] Optionally, the transmission module 110 is specifically configured to:

[0253] determine whether to send the intermediate symbol based on the first information;

[0254] in the case that it is determined to send the intermediate symbol, determine the transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on third information; the third information includes at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information of the second device, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol;

[0255] send the intermediate symbol to the second device based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

[0256] Optionally, the transmission module 110 is specifically configured to:

[0257] determine whether the second device sends the intermediate symbol based on the first information;

[0258] in the case that it is determined that the second device sends the intermediate symbol, determine the transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on third information; the third information includes at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information of the second device, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol;

[0259] receive the intermediate symbol sent by the second device based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

[0260] The intermediate symbol transmission apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application can implement each process achieved by the method embodiment shown in FIG. 22 and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, details are not described herein.

[0261] The intermediate symbol transmission apparatus in the embodiments of the present application can be an electronic device, for example, an electronic device with an operating system, or a component in an electronic device, for example, an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or other devices other than a terminal. Illustratively, the terminal can include, but is not limited to, the types of the terminal 11 listed above, and the other devices can be a server, a network attached storage (NAS), etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0262] The intermediate symbol transmission apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application can implement each process of the method embodiments of FIGS. 22-24 and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, details are not described herein.

[0263] As shown in FIG. 26, the embodiments of the present application further provide a communication device 2600, which includes a processor 2601 and a memory 2602, and the memory 2602 stores programs or instructions executable on the processor 2601. For example, when the communication device 2600 is a terminal, the programs or instructions are executed by the processor 2601 to implement each step of the above intermediate symbol transmission method embodiments and achieve the same technical effects. When the communication device 2600 is a network side device, the programs or instructions are executed by the processor 2601 to implement each step of the above intermediate symbol transmission method embodiments and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, details are not described herein.

[0264] The embodiments of the present application further provide a terminal, which includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to run programs or instructions to implement the steps in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 22. The terminal embodiments correspond to the above terminal side method embodiments, and each implementation process and implementation manner of the above method embodiments can be applied to the terminal embodiments and achieve the same technical effects. Specifically, FIG. 27 is a hardware structure schematic diagram of a terminal implementing the embodiments of the present application.

[0265] The terminal 2700 includes, but is not limited to, at least part of the components such as a radio frequency unit 2701, a network module 2702, an audio output unit 2703, an input unit 2704, a sensor 2705, a display unit 2706, a user input unit 2707, an interface unit 2708, a memory 2709, and a processor 2710.

[0266] Those skilled in the art can understand that the terminal 2700 can further include a power supply (such as a battery) for supplying power to each component, and the power supply can be logically connected to the processor 2710 through a power management system, so as to realize functions such as management of charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. The terminal structure shown in FIG. 27 does not constitute a limitation on the terminal, and the terminal can include more or fewer components than those shown, or combine certain components, or different component arrangements, which are not described herein.

[0267] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the input unit 2704 can include a graphics processor (GPU) 27041 and a microphone 27042, and the graphics processor 27041 processes image data of a still picture or a video obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in a video capture mode or an image capture mode. The display unit 2706 can include a display panel 27061, which can be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode, etc. The user input unit 2707 includes at least one of a touch panel 27071 and other input devices 27072. The touch panel 27071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 27071 can include two parts of a touch detection device and a touch controller. The other input devices 27072 can include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (such as volume control keys, on-off keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, a joystick, and the like, which will not be described here.

[0268] In the embodiments of the present application, after the radio frequency unit 2701 receives the downlink data from the network side device, it can be transmitted to the processor 2710 for processing. In addition, the radio frequency unit 2701 can send uplink data to the network side device. Generally, the radio frequency unit 2701 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, an amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low noise amplifier, a duplexer, etc.

[0269] The memory 2709 can be used to store software programs or instructions and various data. The memory 2709 can mainly include a first storage area storing programs or instructions and a second storage area storing data, wherein the first storage area can store an operating system, application programs or instructions required by at least one function (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.), and the like. In addition, the memory 2709 can include a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable ROM (PROM), an Erasable PROM (EPROM), an Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Static RAM (SRAM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), a Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), an Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), a Synch link DRAM (SLDRAM), and a Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 2709 in the embodiments of the present application includes but is not limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0270] The processor 2710 can include one or more processing units; optionally, the processor 2710 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly processes operations related to an operating system, a user interface, and an application program, and the modem processor mainly processes wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It can be understood that the above-mentioned modem processor can also not be integrated into the processor 2710.

[0271] The radio frequency unit 2701 is configured to transmit or receive the intermediate symbol based on the first information; the first information includes at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol.

[0272] Optionally, the first indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0273] The preamble, the information to be transmitted, the scheduling information, and the control information.

[0274] Optionally, the transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol comprises at least one of:

[0275] The intermediate symbol uses a bit sequence and has a length of L;

[0276] The first X1 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristic of the previous data portion;

[0277] The last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristic of the next data portion;

[0278] The last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the encoding characteristic of the other part of the intermediate symbol except the last X2 bits;

[0279] The frequency of the intermediate symbol is different from the frequency of the data portion;

[0280] The chip rate of the intermediate symbol is different from the chip rate of the data portion;

[0281] The encoding type of the intermediate symbol is different from the encoding type of the data portion;

[0282] The number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the intermediate symbol is different from the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the data portion;

[0283] The frequency of the intermediate symbol is different from the frequency of the tail code;

[0284] The chip rate of the intermediate symbol is different from the chip rate of the tail code;

[0285] The encoding type of the intermediate symbol is different from the encoding of the tail code type;

[0286] The number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the intermediate symbol is different from the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the tail code;

[0287] Wherein, the L, X1 and X2 are integers greater than 0.

[0288] Optionally, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with second information, and the second information comprises at least one of:

[0289] The transmission length of the data portion, the rate of the data portion, the size of the data portion, the type of the data portion, whether the data transmission adopts repeated transmission, whether the data transmission adopts line code encoding, whether the tail code is included in the data transmission, and whether the data transmission adopts forward error correction encoding (FEC) encoding.

[0290] Optionally, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol comprises at least one of: a data segment length, a number of the intermediate symbols, a position of the intermediate symbol, a sequence of the intermediate symbol, a frequency, a chip rate, an encoding, and a number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit.

[0291] Optionally, the number of the intermediate symbols is uniquely determined, or the number of the intermediate symbols is selected from a plurality of first candidate values in a protocol predefined set.

[0292] The position of the intermediate symbol is uniquely determined, or the position of the intermediate symbol is selected from a plurality of second candidate values in a protocol predefined set.

[0293] Optionally, in a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with a transmission length of the data portion, different ranges of transmission length correspond to different transmission formats of the intermediate symbol.

[0294] Optionally, in a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with a transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is less than or equal to a first length, the number of the intermediate symbols is zero.

[0295] In a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with a transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is greater than the first length and less than or equal to a second length, the number of the intermediate symbols is one.

[0296] In a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with a transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is greater than the second length and less than or equal to a third length, the number of the intermediate symbols is N, N is an integer greater than 1.

[0297] Optionally, in a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with a transmission length of the data portion, there is one intermediate symbol every T4 bits in the data portion, T4 is an integer greater than 0.

[0298] Optionally, in a case where at least one of the second information is different, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is different.

[0299] Optionally, in a case where the first device transmits the intermediate symbol based on the first information, the radio frequency unit 2701 is further configured to:

[0300] Based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol, determine at least one of a transmission duration, a receiving duration, a transmission duration, and a processing duration of the intermediate symbol.

[0301] Optionally, in the case that the L-1 bit in the data part is the same as the first L-1 bit of the intermediate symbol, the L-1 bit in the data part has padding data after it, and the data after the original L-1 bit in the data part is located after the padding data.

[0302] Optionally, the radio frequency unit 2701 is specifically configured to:

[0303] determine whether to send the intermediate symbol based on the first information;

[0304] in the case of determining to send the intermediate symbol, determine the transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on the first information;

[0305] send the intermediate symbol to the second device based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

[0306] Optionally, the radio frequency unit 2701 is specifically configured to:

[0307] determine whether the second device sends the intermediate symbol based on the first information;

[0308] in the case of determining that the second device sends the intermediate symbol, determine the transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on third information; the third information includes at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information of the second device, and transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol;

[0309] receive the intermediate symbol sent by the second device based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

[0310] It can be understood that the implementation process of each implementation manner mentioned in the embodiment can refer to the related description of the method embodiments shown in FIGS. 22-24, and achieve the same or corresponding technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0311] The embodiment of the application further provides a network side device, which comprises a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the processor are coupled, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to realize the steps of the method embodiment shown in FIG. 22. The network side device embodiment corresponds to the network side device method embodiment described above, and each implementation process and implementation manner of the above method embodiment can be applied to the network side device embodiment, and the same technical effects can be achieved.

[0312] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application further provides a network side device. As shown in FIG. 28, the network side device 280 includes an antenna 281, a radio frequency device 282, a baseband device 283, a processor 284 and a memory 285. The antenna 281 is connected with the radio frequency device 282. In the uplink direction, the radio frequency device 282 receives information through the antenna 281 and sends the received information to the baseband device 283 for processing. In the downlink direction, the baseband device 283 processes the information to be sent and sends it to the radio frequency device 282, and the radio frequency device 282 processes the received information and sends it out through the antenna 281.

[0313] The method performed by the network side device in the above embodiment can be implemented in the baseband device 283, which includes a baseband processor.

[0314] The baseband device 283 may, for example, include at least one baseband board on which a plurality of chips are arranged, as shown in FIG. 28, one of which is a baseband processor, for example, which is connected with the memory 285 through a bus interface to call the program in the memory 285 and perform the network device operations shown in the above method embodiments.

[0315] The network side device may, for example, further include a network interface 286, which is a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), for example.

[0316] Specifically, the network side device 280 of the embodiment of the present application further includes instructions or programs stored in the memory 285 and executable on the processor 284, and the processor 284 calls the instructions or programs in the memory 285 to perform the method executed by each module shown in FIG. 25 and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, details are not described here.

[0317] The embodiment of the present application further provides a readable storage medium, which stores programs or instructions, and the programs or instructions are executed by a processor to implement each process of the above intermediate symbol transmission method embodiment and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, details are not described here.

[0318] The processor is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer readable storage medium, such as a computer readable only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc. In some examples, the readable storage medium can be a non-transitory readable storage medium.

[0319] The embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which comprises a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled with the processor, the processor is used for running programs or instructions, realizes various processes of the intermediate symbol transmission method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.

[0320] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiment of the present application can also be referred to as a system chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system on chip, etc.

[0321] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program / program product stored in a storage medium, which is executed by at least one processor to realize various processes of the intermediate symbol transmission method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.

[0322] The embodiment of the present application further provides a communication system, comprising: a first device and a second device, the first device can be used to execute the steps of the intermediate symbol transmission method as described above, and the second device communicates with the first device.

[0323] It should be noted that in this paper, the term "include", "contain" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including a" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device including the element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the method and device in the present application is not limited to the order of functions shown or discussed, but can also include functions performed in a substantially simultaneous manner or in reverse order according to the functions involved, for example, the described method can be performed in an order different from the described order, and various steps can also be added, omitted or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to some examples can be combined in other examples.

[0324] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above embodiment method can be realized by means of computer software product and general hardware platform, of course, it can also be realized by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.), which includes a plurality of instructions for making terminal or network side equipment execute the method described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0325] The embodiments of the present application are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and the above-described specific embodiments are merely illustrative, but not restrictive, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can make many forms of embodiments under the inspiration of the present application without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope protected by the claims, and these embodiments all belong to the protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting an intermediate symbol, comprising: transmitting or receiving the intermediate symbol by a first device based on first information; wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following: protocol predefined information, first indication information, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first indication information comprises at least one of the following: a preamble, information to be transmitted, scheduling information, and control information. 3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol comprises at least one of the following: the intermediate symbol uses a bit sequence and has a length L; the first X1 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the coding property of a previous data portion; the last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the coding property of a next data portion; the last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the coding property of a portion of the intermediate symbol other than the last X2 bits; the frequency of the intermediate symbol is different from the frequency of a data portion; the chip rate of the intermediate symbol is different from the chip rate of a data portion; the coding type of the intermediate symbol is different from the coding type of a data portion; the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the intermediate symbol is different from the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of a data portion; the frequency of the intermediate symbol is different from the frequency of a tail code; the chip rate of the intermediate symbol is different from the chip rate of a tail code; the coding type of the intermediate symbol is different from the coding type of a tail code; the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the intermediate symbol is different from the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of a tail code; wherein L, X1 and X2 are integers greater than 0. 4.The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with second information comprising at least one of the following: the transmission length of a data portion, the rate of a data portion, the size of a data portion, the type of a data portion, whether the data transmission uses repetition transmission, whether the data transmission uses line code encoding, whether a tail code is included in the data transmission, and whether the data transmission uses forward error correction (FEC) encoding. 5.The method of claim 4, wherein the transmission format of the intermediate symbol comprises at least one of the following: the length of a data segment, the number of the intermediate symbols, the position of the intermediate symbol, the sequence of the intermediate symbol, the frequency, the chip rate, the encoding, and the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit. 6.The method of claim 5, wherein the number of the intermediate symbols is uniquely determined, or the number of the intermediate symbols is selected from a plurality of first candidate values in a protocol predefined set; or the position of the intermediate symbol is uniquely determined, or the position of the intermediate symbol is selected from a plurality of second candidate values in a protocol predefined set. 7.The method of claim 4, wherein in the case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, different ranges of transmission length correspond to different transmission formats of the intermediate symbol. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8. The method of claim 7, wherein, in a case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is less than or equal to a first length, the number of the intermediate symbol is zero; in a case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is greater than the first length, and less than or equal to a second length, the number of the intermediate symbol is one; in a case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is greater than the second length, and less than or equal to a third length, the number of the intermediate symbol is N, N is an integer greater than one.

9. The method of claim 4, wherein, in a case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, every T4 bits in the data portion has one intermediate symbol, T4 is an integer greater than zero.

10. The method of claim 4, wherein, in a case that at least one of the second information is different, the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is different.

11. The method of any one of claims 1-10, wherein, in a case that the first device transmits the intermediate symbol based on the first information, the method further comprises: the first device determines at least one of the transmission duration, the receiving duration, the transmission duration, the processing duration of the intermediate symbol based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

12. The method of any one of claims 3-11, wherein, in a case that L-1 bits in the data portion are same as the first L-1 bits of the intermediate symbol, the L-1 bits in the data portion has padding data after the L-1 bits, and the original data after the L-1 bits in the data portion is located after the padding data.

13. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein, the first device transmitting the intermediate symbol based on the first information comprises: the first device determines whether to transmit the intermediate symbol based on the first information; in a case that it is determined to transmit the intermediate symbol, the first device determines the transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on third information; the third information comprises at least one of: protocol predefined information, first indication information of the second device, transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol; the first device transmits the intermediate symbol to the second device based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

14. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein, the first device receiving the intermediate symbol based on the first information comprises: the first device determines whether the second device transmits the intermediate symbol based on the first information; in a case that it is determined that the second device transmits the intermediate symbol, the first device determines the transmission format of the intermediate symbol based on third information; the third information comprises at least one of: protocol predefined information, first indication information of the second device, transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol; the first device receives the intermediate symbol transmitted by the second device based on the transmission format of the intermediate symbol.

15. An intermediate symbol transmission apparatus, comprising: The transmission module is configured to transmit or receive the intermediate symbol based on first information, wherein the first information comprises at least one of: protocol predefined information, first indication information, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol. 16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein, The transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol comprises at least one of: The intermediate symbol uses a bit sequence and has a length of L; The first X1 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the coding characteristic of the previous data portion; The last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the coding characteristic of the next data portion; The last X2 bits of the intermediate symbol do not satisfy or violate the coding characteristic of other part of the intermediate symbol except the last X2 bits; The frequency of the intermediate symbol is different from that of the data portion; The chip rate of the intermediate symbol is different from that of the data portion; The coding type of the intermediate symbol is different from that of the data portion; The number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the intermediate symbol is different from that of the data portion; The frequency of the intermediate symbol is different from that of the tail code; The chip rate of the intermediate symbol is different from that of the tail code; The coding type of the intermediate symbol is different from that of the tail code; The number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit of the intermediate symbol is different from that of the tail code; wherein L, X1 and X2 are integers greater than 0. 17.The apparatus of claim 15 or 16, wherein, The transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with second information, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: the transmission length of the data portion, the rate of the data portion, the size of the data portion, the type of the data portion, whether the data transmission adopts repeated transmission, whether the data transmission adopts line code encoding, whether the tail code is included in the data transmission, and whether the data transmission adopts forward error correction (FEC) encoding. 18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, The transmission format of the intermediate symbol comprises at least one of: the data segment length, the number of the intermediate symbols, the position of the intermediate symbol, the sequence of the intermediate symbol, the frequency, the chip rate, the encoding, and the number of subcarrier periods corresponding to each bit. 19.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, In a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, different ranges of the transmission length correspond to different transmission formats of the intermediate symbol. 20.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein, In a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is less than or equal to a first length, the number of the intermediate symbols is zero; In a case where the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is greater than the first length and less than or equal to a second length, the number of the intermediate symbols is one; In a case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, and the transmission length of the data portion is greater than a second length and less than or equal to a third length, the number of the intermediate symbols is N, N is an integer greater than 1.

21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, In a case that the transmission format of the intermediate symbol is associated with the transmission length of the data portion, every T4 bits in the data portion has one intermediate symbol, T4 is an integer greater than 0.

22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein, In a case that the L-1 bits in the data portion are identical to the first L-1 bits of the intermediate symbol, the L-1 bits in the data portion have padding data after the L-1 bits, and the original data after the L-1 bits in the data portion is located after the padding data.

23. A first device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing programs or instructions executable on the processor, the programs or instructions being executed by the processor to implement the steps of the intermediate symbol transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

24. A readable storage medium, wherein, The readable storage medium stores programs or instructions, the programs or instructions being executed by the processor to implement the intermediate symbol transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

25. A first device comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein, The processor is configured to transmit or receive the intermediate symbol based on first information, the first information comprising at least one of: protocol predefined information, first indication information, and a transmission rule satisfied by the intermediate symbol.

26. A wireless communication system, comprising: The first device and the second device, the first device being configured to implement the steps of the intermediate symbol transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

27. A chip comprising a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the processor being coupled, the processor being configured to execute programs or instructions to implement the intermediate symbol transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

28. A computer program stored in a storage medium, the computer program being executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the intermediate symbol transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

29. A computer program product stored in a storage medium, the computer program product being executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the intermediate symbol transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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