Conjugates of sting agonists and sortases, methods of preparation, and uses thereof
Conjugates of sortases and STING agonists, like SrtE1 and cGAMP, enhance immune responses in cancer patients by activating the STING pathway, addressing the limitations of current immunotherapies in 'cold' tumors and reducing tumor growth.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/086612
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-04-03
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing immunotherapy strategies for cancer, such as CAR-T therapy and immune checkpoint blockade, show limited efficacy in patients with 'cold' tumors lacking significant T-cell infiltration, highlighting the need for immune response modulating drugs that enhance innate immunity.
Conjugates of sortases and STING agonists, particularly SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, and mgSrtA, are used to activate the STING signaling pathway and enhance immune responses by administering them to subjects or delivering nucleotides like cGAMP, thereby stimulating cytokine and chemokine production.
The conjugates effectively activate the STING pathway, eliciting robust immune responses and reducing tumor growth, including distant tumors, by enhancing cytokine and chemokine production and improving treatment outcomes in cancer patients.
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Abstract
Description
CONJUGATES OF STING AGONISTS AND SORTASES, METHODS OF PREPARATION, AND USES THEREOFRELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to International Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 085895, filed on April 3, 2024, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to STING agonists and sortases, conjugates thereof, methods of preparing such conjugates, and uses of the conjugates, STING agonists, and sortases. SEQUENCE LISTING
[0003] This application contains a Sequence Listing as an XML file entitled “Seq. xml” having a size of 19KB and created on April 3, 2024. The information contained in the Sequence Listing is incorporated by reference herein.BACKGROUND
[0004] Immunotherapy, a treatment that instigates a subject’s own immune system to destroy cancer cells, has emerged as a promising treatment option for many types of cancers. Most of immunotherapy strategies focus on T lymphocyte regulation through immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) or adoptive cell therapy (e.g., chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) ) and have achieved success in the treatment of solid and hematological tumors1. However, patients with immunologically “cold” tumors lacking significant T-cell infiltration show limited response to certain immune therapies, such as CAR-T therapy, TCR (T cell receptor) -T therapy, TIL (tumor infiltrated lymphocytes) therapy, and ICB antibodies, which pinpoints the unmet medical needs on immune response modulating drugs that enhance the innate immunity.
[0005] The present disclosure provides compositions and methods of using STING (stimulator of interferon genes) agonists, facilitated by sortases, to activate the STING signaling pathway and / or other related pathways for eliciting or improving immune responses and for the treatment of diseases such as cancer.SUMMARY
[0006] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a conjugate of a sortase and a STING agonist. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) , e.g., 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0007] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising the conjugate disclosed herein. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a cell or blood fraction comprising the conjugate disclosed herein.
[0008] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a sortase and a STING agonist. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a cell or a blood fraction comprising a sortase and a STING agonist. In some embodiments, the cell is a blood cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a blood cell, wherein erythrocytes have been removed.
[0009] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a sortase and a STING agonist to the subject.
[0010] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a cell or a blood fraction comprising a sortase and a STING agonist and / or a conjugate thereof to the subject.
[0011] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for activating the STING signaling pathway in a cell or a subject in need thereof, comprising: contacting a sortase and a STING agonist with the cell or the subject.
[0012] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for activating TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and / or RIG-1, in a cell or a subject in need thereof, comprising: contacting a sortase and a STING agonist with the cell or the subject.
[0013] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for eliciting an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a sortase and a STING agonist to the subject.
[0014] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a distant tumor in a subject having the distant tumor and a primary tumor, comprising: administering a sortase and a STING agonist to the primary tumor.
[0015] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of a sortase family enzyme, e.g., SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, and mgSrtA, as an immune enhancer by stimulating the production of cytokines and / or chemokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, RANTES, MCP-1, or the like. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for eliciting an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a sortase to the subject.
[0016] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a distant tumor in a subject having the distant tumor and a primary tumor, comprising: administering a sortase to the primary tumor.
[0017] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of a sortase, e.g., SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, and mgSrtA, as a carrier to deliver nucleotides (e.g., polynucleotides or mononucleotide) , nucleosides, and / or analogues thereof, in a drug delivery system. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of delivering a nucleotide, nucleoside, and / or derivative thereof to a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a sortase and the nucleotide, nucleoside, and / or derivative thereof.
[0018] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an immune composition comprising a sortase as an adjuvant.
[0019] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising a sortase and / or STING agonist.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1. Cytokine production by hPBMCs after sortase family enzyme stimulation. hPBMCs were cultured with RPMI 1640 alone (Blank) , or in the presence of 20 μM indicated proteins (EGFP, SrtA, SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, and mSrtA, respectively) . After 24h, the supernatants were collected and the amounts of IL-1β (Fig. 1Α) , IFN-γ (Fig. 1B) , TNF-α (Fig. 1C) , IL-6 (Fig. 1D) , IL-8 (Fig. 1E) , IL-10 (Fig. 1F) , IL-12p70 (Fig. 1G) , IL-18 (Fig. 1H) and IL 23 (Fig. 1I) were measured. The data are mean ± SEM of 6 healthy donors. The p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus blank group. ns, not significant.
[0021] Figure 2. Cytokine and chemokine production by mBMDCs (also known as “mDCs” ) after sortase family enzyme stimulation. mBMDCs were cultured with RPMI 1640 alone (Blank) , or in the presence of 1 μM indicated proteins (EGFP, SrtA, SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, and mSrtA, respectively) . After 6h, the supernatants were collected and the amounts of IL-1α (Fig. 2Α) , TNF-α (Fig. 2B) , IL-6 (Fig. 2C) , RANTES (Fig. 2D) , TARC (Fig. 2E) , IP-10 (Fig. 2F) , MCP-1 (Fig. 2G) , MIP-1α (Fig. 2H) , MIP-1β (Fig. 2I) , BLC (Fig. 2J) , KC (Fig. 2K) , LIX (Fig. 2L) and MDC (Fig. 2M) were measured. The data are mean ± SEM of 4 mice. The p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus blank group. ns, not significant.
[0022] Figure 3. SrtF facilitates the internalization of 2’3’-cGAMP and the activation of STING signaling pathway. (Fig. 3A) qRT-PCR analysis of target gene expression (IFNB1 vs GAPDH, and CXCL10 vs GAPDH) in human PBMC treated with sortase family enzymes in the presence or absence of 2’3’-cGAMP, normalized to untreated cell control. (Fig. 3B) qRT-PCR analysis of target gene expression in murine BMDC treated with sortase family enzymes in the presence or absence of 2’3’-cGAMP normalized to untreated cell control. (Fig. 3C) Confocal images showing the cellular uptake of 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 in the presence of SrtF by K562 cells at 4 h post incubation (nuclei stained by Hoechst 33342, cell membrane stained by CellMaskTMGreen) . Scale bar: 5 μm. The data are mean ± SEM of 4 mice. The p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus PBS group. ns, not significant.
[0023] Figure 4. Intratumoral administration of 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF eliminates established tumors. (Fig. 4A) Illustration of a tumor inoculation and treatment schedules. All treatments were intratumorally injected in 3 consecutive days starting on day 9 post tumor inoculation. (Fig. 4B) Tumor growth curves of treated primary tumors (left) and untreated distant tumors (right) on the bilateral subcutaneous CT26-bearing BLAB / c mouse model. The black arrow indicates intratumoral injection. The p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus PBS group.
[0024] Figure 5. SrtF efficiently delivers 2’3’-cGAMP and activates STING signaling pathway in vivo. (Fig. 5A) IVIS images showing enhanced intratumoral retention of 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 / SrtF over free 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 (1 μg per mouse) . The fluorescent signals are indicated with circled dots. (Figs. 5B-F) Plasma concentrations of STING signaling target cytokines (4h and 24h) after the last treatment. The data are mean ± SEM of 3 mice. The p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus PBS group. ns, not significant.
[0025] Figure 6. 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 / SrtF elicits systemic immune responses in vivo. Plasma concentrations of Eotaxin (Fig. 6Α) , TARC (Fig. 6B) , KC (Fig. 6C) , MIG (Fig. 6D) , MCP-1 (Fig. 6E) , MIP-1α (Fig. 6F) , MIP-1β (Fig. 6G) and MIP-3α (Fig. 6H) . The data are mean ± SD of 3 mice. The p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus PBS group. ns, not significant.
[0026] Figure 7. Systematic intravenous injection of 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF relieves established tumors. (Fig. 7A) Illustration of a tumor inoculation and treatment schedules. All treatments were intravenously injected on day 0, 2, and 4 starting on day 9 post tumor inoculation. (Fig. 7B) Tumor growth curves of tumors on the CT26-bearing BLAB / c mouse model. The data are mean ± SEM of 4 mice. The p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, versus PBS group.
[0027] Figure 8. 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 / SrtF plus an anti-PD-1 antibody provokes systematic anti-tumor immunity. (Fig. 8A) Illustration of a tumor inoculation and treatment schedules. All treatments were intratumorally injected on day 0, 2, and 4 starting on day 10 post tumor inoculation. The anti-PD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally injected on day 4, 8, 12. (Fig. 8B) Representative images of isolated tumors from studies described in Fig. 8A on day 16. (Fig. 8C) Tumor growth curves of treated primary tumors (top) and untreated distant tumors (bottom) on the bilateral subcutaneous CT26-bearing BLAB / c mouse model. The data are mean ± SEM of 7 mice. The p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. *p <0.05, ***p < 0.001versus PBS group.
[0028] Figure 9. Fig. 9A is a schematic diagram for quantifying B16F10 tumor progression in C57BL / 6 mice receiving CDC labeled with different amounts of SrtF and cGAMP. Mice received PBS or different treatments on day 0, day 2, and day 4. Fig. 9B shows survival curves of mice in five treatment groups. “PBS × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with PBS on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “cGAMP × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 45 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (1 / 3 dose) × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 20 μg cGAMP and 15 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. The number of mice in each group is 5 (n=5 in each group) . Fig. 9C shows tumor size growth curves from mice in five treatment groups as described in Fig. 9B. The x-axis is the date on which the tumor volume was measured. The y-axis is the tumor volume (mm3) , and the mean and SEM were shown. Figs. 9D-9H show tumor size growth curves from individual mice of each treatment group as described in Fig. 9B.
[0029] Figure 10. Fig. 10A is a schematic diagram for quantifying B16F10 tumor progression in C57BL / 6 mice receiving CDC labeled with SrtF and cGAMP, with or without αPD-1. Mice received PBS or different treatments on day 0, day 2, and day 4. Fig. 10B shows survival curves of mice in eight treatment groups. “PBS × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with PBS on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “cGAMP × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated 60 μg cGAMP on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 45 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP × 3 (1 / 3 dose) ” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 20 μg cGAMP and 15 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “PBS + αPD-1 × 3” mice received 100 μg αPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (1 / 3 dose) + αPD-1 × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 20 μg cGAMP and 15 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg αPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP + αPD-1 × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg αPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. The n=5 in each group. Fig. 10C shows tumor size growth curves from mice in eight treatment groups as described in Fig. 10B. The x-axis is the date on which the tumor volume was measured. The y-axis is the tumor volume (mm3) , and the mean and SEM were shown. Figs. 10D-10K show tumor size growth curves from individual mice of each treatment group, as described in Fig. 10B.
[0030] Figure 11. Fig. 11A is a schematic diagram for quantifying B16F10 tumor progression in C57BL / 6 mice receiving CDC labeled with SrtF and cGAMP and αPD-1, with or without erythrocyte removal. Mice received PBS or different treatments on day 0, day 2, and day 4. Fig. 11B shows survival curves from mice in five treatment groups. “PBS × 3” mice were injected with blood cells with PBS on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (1 / 3 dose) × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 20 μg cGAMP and 15 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (1 / 3 dose) + αPD-1 × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 20 μg cGAMP and 15 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg αPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (1 / 3) & noRBC × 3” mice were injected with erythrocyte removal blood cells incubated with 20 μg cGAMP and 15 μg SrtF by i.v. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (1 / 3) & noRBC + αPD-1 × 3” mice were injected with erythrocyte removal blood cells incubated with 20 μg cGAMP and 15 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg αPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. The n=5 in each group. Fig. 11C shows tumor size growth curves from mice in five treatment groups as described in Fig. 11B. The x-axis is the date on which the tumor volume was measured. The y-axis is the tumor volume (mm3) , and the mean and SEM were shown. Figs. 11D-11H show tumor size growth curves from individual mice of each treatment group, as described in Fig. 11B.
[0031] Figure 12. Fig. 12A is a schematic diagram for quantifying B16F10 tumor progression in C57BL / 6 mice receiving CDC labeled with SrtF and cGAMP and αPD-1 at different frequencies. Mice received PBS or different treatments on day 0, day 2, and day 4, or additionally on day 6 and day 8. Fig. 12B shows survival curves from mice in five treatment groups. “PBS × 3” mice were injected with blood cells with PBS on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP + αPD-1 × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg αPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP × 5” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, day 4, day 6, and day 8. “SrtF & cGAMP + αPD-1 × 5” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg αPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, day 4, day 6, and day 8. The n=5 in each group. The x-axis is the date on which the tumor volume was measured. The y-axis is the tumor volume (mm3) , and the geometric mean is shown. Fig. 12C shows tumor size growth curves from mice in five treatment groups as described in Fig. 12B. The x-axis is the date on which the tumor volume was measured. The y-axis is the tumor volume (mm3) , and the mean and SEM were shown. Figs. 12D-12H show tumor size growth curves from individual mice of each treatment group, as described in Fig. 12B.
[0032] Figure 13. Fig. 13A is a schematic diagram for quantifying B16F10 tumor progression in C57BL / 6 mice receiving CDC labeled with SrtF and cGAMP, with or without αCTLA4. Mice received PBS or different treatments on day 0, day 2, and day 4. Fig. 13B shows survival curves of mice in four treatment groups. “PBS × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with PBS on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (2X dose) × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 120 μg cGAMP and 90 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “αCTLA4 × 3” mice received 100 μg αCTLA4 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (2X dose) + αCTLA4 × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 120 μg cGAMP and 90 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg αCTLA4 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. The n=5 in each group. Fig. 13C shows tumor size growth curves from mice in four treatment groups as described in Fig. 13B. The x-axis is the date on which the tumor volume was measured. The y-axis is the tumor volume (mm3) , and the mean and SEM were shown. Figs. 13D-13G show tumor size growth curves from individual mice of each treatment group, as described in Fig. 13B.
[0033] Figure 14. Fig. 14A is a schematic diagram for quantifying B16F10 tumor progression in C57BL / 6 mice receiving CDC labeled with SrtF and cGAMP and αCTLA4. CDC was prepared by incubating SrtF, cGAMP, and different amounts of whole blood cells after erythrocyte removal. Mice received PBS or different treatments on day 0, day 2, and day 4. Fig. 14B shows survival curves of mice in five treatment groups. “PBS × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with PBS on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) & noRBC (0.05M) × 3” mice were injected with 0.05 million blood cells that removed erythrocytes and incubated with 40 μg cGAMP and 30 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) & noRBC (0.1M) × 3” mice were injected with 0.1 million blood cells that removed erythrocytes and incubated with 40 μg cGAMP and 30 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) & noRBC (0.25M) × 3” mice were injected with 0.25 million blood cells that removed erythrocytes and incubated with 40 μg cGAMP and 30 μg SrtF on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “SrtF & cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) & noRBC (0.25M) + αCTLA4 × 3” mice were injected with 0.25 million blood cells that removed erythrocytes and incubated with 40 μg cGAMP and 30 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg αCTLA4 on day 0, day 2, and day 4. The n=5 in each group. Fig. 14C shows tumor size growth curves from mice in five treatment groups as described in Fig. 14B. The x-axis is the date on which the tumor volume was measured. The y-axis is the tumor volume (mm3) , and the mean and SEM were shown. Figs. 14D-14H show tumor size growth curves from individual mice of each treatment group, as described in Fig. 14B.
[0034] Figure 15. Fig. 15A is a schematic diagram for quantifying CT26 tumor progression in Balb / c mice receiving CDC labeled with SrtF and cGAMP and αPD-1. Mice received PBS or different treatments on day 0, day 2, and day 4. Fig. 15B shows survival curves of mice in six treatment groups. “PBS × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with PBS on day 0, day 2, and day 4. “PBS + αPD-1 × 3” mice received 100 μg ɑPD-1 by i.p. "SrtF & cGAMP (2X dose) ×3" mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 120 μg cGAMP and 90 μg SrtF by i.v. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. "SrtF & cGAMP (2X dose) + αPD-1 × 3" mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 120 μg cGAMP and 90 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg ɑPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. "SrtF & cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) × 3" mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 40 μg cGAMP and 30 μg SrtF by i.v. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. "SrtF & cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) +αPD-1 × 3" mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 40 μg cGAMP and 30 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg ɑPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. The n=5 in each group. Fig. 15C shows tumor size growth curves from mice in six treatment groups as described in Fig. 15C. The x-axis is the date on which the tumor volume was measured. The y-axis is the tumor volume (mm3) , and the mean and SEM were shown. Figs. 15D-15I show tumor size growth curves from individual mice of each treatment group, as described in Fig. 15B.
[0035] Figure 16. Fig. 16A is a schematic diagram for quantifying CT26 tumor progression in Balb / c mice receiving CDC labeled with SrtF and cGAMP and αPD-1, with or without erythrocyte removal. Mice received PBS or different treatments on day 0, day 2, and day 4. Fig. 16B shows survival curves of mice in five treatment groups. “PBS × 3” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with PBS on day 0, day 2, and day 4. "SrtF & cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) × 3" mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 40 μg cGAMP and 30 μg SrtF by i.v. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. "SrtF & cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) + ɑPD-1 × 3" mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 40 μg cGAMP and 30 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg αPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. "SrtF & cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) & noRBC × 3" mice were injected with erythrocyte removal blood cells incubated with 40 μg cGAMP and 30 μg SrtF by i.v. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. "SrtF & cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) & noRBC + ɑPD-1 × 3" mice were injected with erythrocyte removal blood cells incubated with 40 μg cGAMP and 30 μg SrtF by i.v. and received 100 μg αPD-1 by i.p. on day 0, day 2, and day 4. The n=5 in each group. Fig. 16C shows tumor size growth curves from mice in five treatment groups as described in Fig. 16C. The x-axis is the date on which the tumor volume was measured. The y-axis is the tumor volume (mm3) , and the mean and SEM were shown. Figs. 16D-16H show tumor size growth curves from individual mice of each treatment group, as described in Fig. 16B.
[0036] Figure 17. Figs. 17A-17L show plasma cytokines and chemokines levels in B16F10-bearing C57BL / 6 mice at 4h post-treatment. “PBS” mice were injected with blood cells with PBS. “cGAMP (60 μg) ” mice were injected with blood cells with 60 μg cGAMP. “SrtF (45 μg) ” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 45 μg SrtF. “SrtF & cGAMP (1 / 3 dose) ” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 20 μg cGAMP and 15 μg SrtF. “SrtF & cGAMP ” mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF. “SrtF & cGAMP-no RBC” mice were injected with erythrocyte removal blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF. The plasma was collected after being processed for four hours. Error bars represent ± SEM, n=3 mice / group. The p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (A-L) . *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus PBS group, where ns is not significant.
[0037] Figure 18. Figs. 18A-18P show plasma cytokines and chemokines levels in C57BL / 6 mice at 24-hours or 48-hours post-treatment. "PBS" mice were injected with blood cells with PBS. "SrtF & cGAMP-24h" , “SrtF & cGAMP-48h” or "SrtF & cGAMP-96h" mice were injected with blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF for 24h, 48h or 96h. "SrtF & cGAMP-no RBC-24h" , "SrtF & cGAMP-no RBC-48h" or "SrtF & cGAMP-no RBC-96h" mice were injected with erythrocyte removal blood cells incubated with 60 μg cGAMP and 45 μg SrtF for 24h, 48h or 96h. The plasma was collected after being processed for 24h, 48h, or 96h. Error bars represent ± SEM, n=3 mice / group. The p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (A-L) . *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus PBS group, where ns is not significant.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] All publications, including but not limited to patents and patent applications, cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as though fully set forth. If certain content of a reference cited herein contradicts or is inconsistent with the present disclosure, the present disclosure controls.
[0039] Any one embodiment of the disclosure described herein, including those described only in one section of the specification describing a specific aspect of the disclosure, and those described only in the examples or drawings, can be combined with any other one or more embodiment (s) , unless explicitly disclaimed or improper. Definitions
[0040] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure pertains.
[0041] Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice for testing of the present disclosure, exemplary materials and methods are described herein. In describing and claiming the present disclosure, the following terminology are used.
[0042] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a cell” includes a combination of two or more cells, and the like.
[0043] As used herein, “and / or” refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as the lack of combinations when interpreted in the alternative ( “or” ) . Moreover, the present disclosure also contemplates that in some embodiments of the disclosure, any feature or combination of features set forth herein can be excluded or omitted.
[0044] Unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “comprise, ” “comprises, ” and “comprising, ” or similar terms are intended to mean a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a recited list of elements or features does not include those stated or listed elements solely but may include other elements or features that are not listed or stated.
[0045] As used herein, a “composition” refers to any mixture of two or more products, substances, or compounds, including but not limited to, proteins, antibodies, polynucleotides, vectors, or cells. It may be a solution, a suspension, liquid, powder, a paste, aqueous, non-aqueous, or any combination thereof.
[0046] As used herein, a “pharmaceutical composition” refers to an active pharmaceutical agent formulated in pharmaceutically acceptable or physiologically acceptable solutions for administration to a cell or an animal, either alone, or in combination with one or more other modalities of therapy. It will also be understood that, if desired, the compositions of the disclosure may be administered in combination with other agents, such as, e.g., cytokines, growth factors, hormones, small molecules, chemotherapeutics, pro-drugs, drugs, antibodies, or other various pharmaceutically active agents. There is virtually no limit to other components that may also be included in the compositions, provided that the additional agents do not adversely affect the ability of the composition to deliver the intended therapy. Some non-limiting examples of the components that could be included in the composition are carriers, stabilizers, diluents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, and / or excipients. The pharmaceutical composition facilitates administration of the substance or cell described herein to a subject. Multiple techniques of administration exist in the art including, but not limited to, intravenous, oral, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, and topical administration.
[0047] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to a material, such as a carrier or diluent, which does not abrogate the biological activity or properties of a therapeutic compound, and is relatively nontoxic, i.e., the material may be administered to a subject without causing undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the components of the composition in which it is contained. Pharmaceutically acceptable components include those compounds, materials, compositions, and / or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0048] As used herein, an “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a pharmaceutical composition which is sufficient to significantly and positively modify the symptoms and / or conditions to be treated (e.g., provide a positive clinical response) . The effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition will vary with the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of treatment, the nature of concurrent therapy, the particular composition being employed, the particular pharmaceutically acceptable excipient (s) and / or carrier (s) utilized, and like factors with the knowledge and expertise of the attending physician.
[0049] As used herein, the term “treat, ” “treating, ” or “treatment” refers to ameliorating a disease or disorder, e.g., slowing or arresting or reducing the development of the disease or disorder or reducing at least one of the clinical symptoms thereof. For example, in some embodiments, ameliorating a disease or disorder can include obtaining a beneficial or desired clinical result that includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of: alleviation of one or more symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, preventing or delaying spread of disease, preventing or delaying recurrence of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration of the disease state, inhibiting or eliminating the disease or progression of the disease, inhibiting or slowing the disease or its progression, arresting its development, and remission (whether partial or total) .
[0050] The terms “polynucleotide, ” “oligonucleotide, ” “oligo, ” “nucleic acid” and “nucleic acid molecule” are used interchangeably herein to refer to a polymeric form of nucleotides of any length, either ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. This term refers only to the primary structure of the molecule. A polynucleotide disclosed herein may be modified, e.g., with a labeling group such as a fluorophore, with a biotin, and with phosphorothioate. Such a modified polynucleotide may be referred to as a polynucleotide derivative. A polynucleotide derivative may comprise a modified purine or pyrimidine base. When the term “nucleotide” is used herein, it may refer to a mononucleotide or a polynucleotide.
[0051] A polynucleotide derivative includes a peptide nucleic acid. The term “peptide nucleic acid, ” “oligo PNA, ” or “PNA” are used interchangeably herein to refer to a polymer similar to DNA or RNA in structure. A PNA's backbone is typically composed of repeating N- (2-aminoethyl) -glycine units linked by peptide bonds. Purine and pyrimidine bases or any modified forms thereof are linked to the backbone by a bridge such as a methylene bridge (-CH2-) and a carbonyl group (- (C=O) -) . A PNA is considered as a derivative of nucleic acid. Certain polynucleotide derivatives are shown below.
[0052] The terms “peptide, ” “polypeptide, ” and “protein” are used interchangeably herein, and refer to a polymeric form of amino acids of any length, which can include coded and non-coded amino acids, chemically or biochemically modified or derivatized amino acids, and polypeptides having modified peptide backbones. The terms also include polypeptides that have co-translational (e.g., signal peptide cleavage) and post-translational modifications of the polypeptide, such as, for example, disulfide-bond formation, glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, proteolytic cleavage, and the like. A peptide disclosed herein may be modified, e.g., with a labeling group such as a fluorophore, a biotin, His tag, or phosphorothioate. The term “protein” encompasses enzymes, such as sortases disclosed herein.
[0053] Furthermore, as used herein, a “polypeptide” refers to a protein that includes modifications, such as deletions, additions, and substitutions (e.g., conservative in nature as would be known to a person in the art) to the native sequence, as long as the protein maintains the desired activity. These modifications can be deliberate, as through site-directed mutagenesis, or can be accidental, such as through mutations of hosts that produce the proteins, or errors due to PCR amplification or other recombinant DNA methods. For example, a variant of sortase F is a modified form of sortase F that includes modifications, such as deletions, additions, and substitutions to the native sequence sortase F.
[0054] An amino acid substitution refers to the replacement of one amino acid in a polypeptide with another amino acid. Amino acid substitutions can be conservative or non-conservative substitutions. A conservative replacement (also called a conservative mutation or a conservative substitution) is an amino acid replacement in a protein that changes a given amino acid to a different amino acid with similar biochemical properties (e.g., charge, hydrophobicity, and size) . Exemplary substitutions are shown in Table 1. Amino acid substitutions may be introduced into a protein of interest and the products screened for a desired activity, for example, retained / improved biological activity. Table 1 Exemplary Substitutions
[0055] Amino acids may be grouped according to common side-chain properties:
[0056] (1) hydrophobic: Norleucine, Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile;
[0057] (2) neutral hydrophilic: Cys, Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln;
[0058] (3) acidic: Asp, Glu;
[0059] (4) basic: His, Lys, Arg;
[0060] (5) residues that influence chain orientation: Gly, Pro;
[0061] (6) aromatic: Trp, Tyr, Phe.
[0062] As used herein, “percent (%) amino acid sequence identity” with respect to a peptide, polypeptide or protein sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in another peptide or polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Percent amino acid sequence identity in the current disclosure is measured using BLAST software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for measuring alignment, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.
[0063] The term “subject” includes all animals such humans and other mammals.
[0064] The term “sortase” as used herein can be any wild type sortase or a variant of a wild type sortase, such as a mutated form of a wild type sortase, a sortase in the form of a fusion protein, or a sortase that is attached to a label or a tag.
[0065] The term “conjugate” as used herein refers to the joining of two or more molecular entities via covalent and / or non-covalent bonding. For example, a conjugate of a sortase and a nucleotide means that the nucleotide binds to the sortase and the binding between the nucleotide and the sortase may be covalent, non-covalent, or both.
[0066] The term “tumor” as used herein refers to any abnormal and excessive growth of tis sue in a subject. A tumor may be a soft tumor or solid tumor. A tumor may be benign, potentially malignant, or malignant. Non-limiting examples of tumors include lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, kidney cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, and bladder cancer. STING Pathway and STING Agonists
[0067] STING is a type of innate immune cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that is essential for spontaneous induction of antitumor immunity2, 3. In tumor cells, the STING pathway is activated in response to aberrant DNA in the cytoplasm, which is detected by cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) , leading to the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) , a mixed-linkage second messenger and high-affinity ligand for STING4, 5. Activation of STING subsequently upregulates type I interferons (IFNs) , proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines via activation of regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor (NF) -κB transcription factors6. In tumor microenvironment (TME) , dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages can also directly activate the cGAS-STING pathway following internalization of aberrant extracellular DNA from dying tumor cells via phagocytosis, resulting in increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules, including CD80 and CD86, and major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) molecules7. These effectors enhance the cytotoxicity of T cell and the killing capacity of NK cells, that may help “cold” tumors transform into “hot” tumors.
[0068] STING agonists can be used in the methods disclosed herein to elicit or improve immune responses and treat diseases such as cancer. STING agonists include, but are not limited to, cyclic nucleotides or derivatives thereof (see, e.g., Table 2) , xanthenone and derivatives thereof, and amidobenzimidazoles and derivatives thereof. For example, cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) , an xanthenone derivative DMXAA, and diABZI have been found to bind and activate STING, and ultimately lead to a potent type I IFN response. Certain STING agonists are commercially available through, e.g., InvivoGen. STING agonists can exist in free acid form or free base form, or in salt or solvate form, or with isotopic variations. For example, 2’3’-cGAMP can refer to Table 2
[0069] An example of xanthenone derivatives is DMXAA (also known as Vadimezan or ASA404) , which was initially identified as a potent tumor vascular disrupting agent in mice. The antitumor activity of DMXAA has been linked to its ability to induce a variety of cytokines and chemokines, including TNF-α, IP-10, IL-6 and RANTES.
[0070] diABZI, also known as diABZI (compound 3) trihydrochloride, is a non-cyclic dinucleotide that potently activates STING. Similar to the canonical STING agonist, 2'3'-cGAMP, diABZI induces activation of type-I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. diABZI is part of a family of small-molecule amidobenzimidazoles (ABZI) identified to compete with 2'3'-cGAMP.
[0071] A STING agonist as used herein may comprise a labeling group. The term “labeling, ” “labeled, ” or “label” means that a detectable or identifiable group is attached to an entity, via covalent or non-covalent bond (s) . For example, a labeling group may be a fluorophore, a biotin, a His tag, or phosphorothioate. Sortases
[0072] Sortases are a family of membrane-bound transpeptidases, mainly found on the surfaces of Gram-positive bacteria, that play a pivotal role in displaying virulence and pathogenesis properties without affecting the viability of the cells. They are capable of sorting proteins to the cell wall, or polymerizing pilin sub-units to construct pili8. Sortases are classified into six distinct classes (A, B, C, D, E, and F) , based on their primary sequences and functions. The best characterized sortase family member sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus (SrtA) was identified in 19999. It specifically attacks the thyronine-glycine bond in a LPXTG (SEQ ID NO: 19) motif on substate protein to form a thioester intermediate, which was further attached to the cell wall10. Later, Chen and colleagues reported an evolved SrtA variant -mgSrtA with increased efficiency for the protein conjugation11, 12. In recent years, sortase-mediated enzymatic ligation method has been considered a valuable alternative to the chemical ligation method and widely used in protein engineering applications.
[0073] We have discovered that mgSrtA could mediate the attachment of oligonucleotide onto the cell surface with high efficiency under simple conditions, such as in a buffered solution at ambient temperature. As a microbial protein, sortase enzymes may serve as an adjuvant to amplify immune responses via activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, NOD-like receptors (NLRs) or RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) , pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and adaptive immune response13. The binding between pathogen ligand and TLRs leads to the release of various inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-6 by various types of cells including dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages14. In addition, the induction of chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES) recruit monocytes and granulocytes that also produce the same chemokines to form an immune amplification loop, which results in a dramatic signal amplification and an influx of phagocytic cells that taken up the antigen and differentiate into antigen-presenting cells (DCs) . These activated cells will efficiently transport antigens to the lymph nodes, where the adaptive immune responses are initiated through the activation of T and B cells and antibody production.
[0074] The sortase in the conjugates, compositions, and methods as disclosed herein can be any naturally occurring sortase (e.g., Sortase Class A, B, C, D, E, and F) or functional variant thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, and mgSrtA. A sortase variant may be sortase A, B, C, D, E, or F that comprises one or more additions, deletions, and / or mutations.
[0075] In some embodiments, sortase F is derived from C. acnes. In some embodiments, sortase F is derived from other bacteria strains, e.g., Corynebacterium camporealensis. Several examples of sortases are shown in Table 3. Table 3
[0076] A diverse range of sortase variants have been developed, including a sortase variant (eSrtA, 5M) 15, Srt7M16, the Chen group’s evolved variant based on the 5M variant11, the Chen group’s “promiscuous” SrtA variant, mgSrtA12, and an LMVGG (SEQ ID NO: 6) -recognizing SrtA variant 17.
[0077] In one embodiment, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In one embodiment, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. Conjugates, Compositions, Cells, and Kits
[0078] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a conjugate of a sortase and a STING agonist.
[0079] In some embodiments of the conjugate, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0080] In some embodiment of the conjugate, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiment, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0081] In some embodiment of the conjugate, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiment, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiment, the STING agonist is a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiment, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiment, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0082] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising the conjugate disclosed herein.
[0083] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a cell comprising the conjugate disclosed herein.
[0084] In one embodiment, the conjugate as disclosed herein can be prepared by incubating a mixture comprising a STING agonist and a sortase, optionally in a buffered solution, e.g., a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) , for a suitable period of time, such as about from 1 to 30 min (e.g., 5 to 10 mins) at a temperature ranging from 4 ℃ to 40 ℃ (e.g., 18 ℃ to 37 ℃) . The conjugation of a STING agonist and a sortase may occur in vivo or in vitro. For example, a conjugate of a STING agonist and a sortase may be formed after the STING agonist and the sortase are administered, either simultaneously or sequentially, to a subject. Alternatively, a conjugate of a STING agonist and a sortase may be formed in vitro and a composition comprising such a conjugate may be then administrated to a subject.
[0085] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a sortase and a STING agonist.
[0086] In some embodiments of the composition, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0087] In some embodiments of the composition, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0088] In some embodiments of the composition, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiments, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0089] In some embodiments, the composition described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a physiologically tolerable carrier together with a STING agonist and sortase, and / or conjugates thereof. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an osmotic buffer that permits cell membrane integrity to be maintained, and optionally, nutrients to maintain cell viability or enhance engraftment upon administration.
[0090] As used herein, the term “composition” includes, but is not limited to, a pharmaceutical composition. A “pharmaceutical composition” refers to an active pharmaceutical agent formulated in pharmaceutically acceptable or physiologically acceptable solutions for administration to a cell or an animal, either alone, or in combination with one or more other modalities of therapy. It will also be understood that, if desired, the compositions of the invention may be administered in combination with other agents, such as, e.g., cytokines, growth factors, hormones, small molecules, chemotherapeutics, pro-drugs, drugs, antibodies, or other various pharmaceutically active agents. There is virtually no limit to other components that may also be included in the compositions, provided that the additional agents do not adversely affect the ability of the composition to deliver the intended therapy. The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is used herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and / or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0091] The compositions may also comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient. As used herein “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient” includes, without limitation, any adjuvant, carrier, excipient, glidant, sweetening agent, diluent, preservative, dye / colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent, surfactant, or emulsifier which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as being acceptable for use in humans or domestic animals. Exemplary pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, to sugars, such as lactose, glucose, and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate; tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; cocoa butter; waxes; animal and vegetable fats; paraffins; silicones; bentonites; silicic acid; zinc oxide; oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil, and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol; polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, and polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate, and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol; phosphate buffer solutions; and any other compatible substances employed in pharmaceutical formulations.
[0092] The liquid pharmaceutical compositions, whether they be solutions, suspensions or other like form, may include one or more of the following: sterile diluents such as water for injection, saline solution, preferably physiological saline; Ringers solution; isotonic sodium chloride; fixed oils such as synthetic mono or diglycerides which may serve as the solvent or suspending medium; polyethylene glycols; glycerin; propylene glycol or other solvents; antibacterial agents, such as benzyl alcohol or methyl paraben; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates, or phosphates; and agents for the adjustment of tonicity, such as sodium chloride or dextrose. The parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes, or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic. An injectable pharmaceutical composition is preferably sterile.
[0093] The composition may be suitably developed for injections, such as intravenous or intramural, or another route of administration.
[0094] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a cell comprising a sortase and a STING agonist.
[0095] In some embodiments of the cell, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0096] In some embodiments of the cell, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0097] In some embodiments of the cell, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiments, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0098] The cells that comprise a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof can be any cells, such as bacterial cells, yeast cells, or any mammalian cells. The cells include any wild type cells or any genetically modified cells such as knock-out cells.
[0099] The cells that comprise a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof can have a broad range of characteristics including both cultured cells and primary cells. For example, the cells can be primary cells or immortalized cells. The cells can be cancer cell lines, stem cells (e.g., hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ) , or mice spleen cells. Examples of primary cells include thymus cells, kidney cells, liver cells, lung cells, bone marrow cells, and the red blood cell cells. Examples of cells include K562 cells, Jurkat cells, 293T cells, Raji cells, Hela cells, MC-38, and BaF3.
[0100] In some embodiments, the cells that comprise a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof are cells in vivo, such as those in a subject.
[0101] In some embodiments, the cells that comprise a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof can be blood cells such as platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, red blood cells (erythrocytes) , and other cellular or non-cellular components in whole blood. In some embodiments, erythrocytes are removed from the blood cells. In some embodiments, the blood cells are taken from a subject and then the blood cells are modified to comprise a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof. In some embodiments, the blood cells are taken from a subject, the erythrocytes are removed from the blood cells, and then the blood cells are modified to comprise a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof. In some embodiments, the blood cells that comprise a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof are cells in vivo, such as those in a subject. In some embodiments, the cells that comprise a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof are labeled with the sortase and STING agonist. In some embodiments, the cells that comprise a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof internalized the sortase and STING agonist. In some embodiments, the cells that comprise a sortase and a STING agonist are referred to as Cell Drug Conjugates (CDC) .
[0102] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an immune composition comprising a sortase as an adjuvant. An immune composition is a composition that elicits an immune response in a subject after the immune composition is administered to the subject. Immune compositions include vaccines, such as inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, mRNA vaccines, subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines, toxoid vaccines, and viral vector vaccines. An adjuvant is an ingredient used in an immune composition, e.g., a vaccine, that helps create a stronger immune response in a subject receiving the immune composition.
[0103] In some embodiments of the immune composition, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0104] In some embodiments of the immune composition, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0105] In some embodiments of the immune composition, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiments, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0106] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising a sortase and a STING agonist.
[0107] In some embodiments of the kit, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0108] In some embodiments of the kit, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0109] In some embodiments of the kit, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiments, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0110] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a blood fraction comprising a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof. The sortase can be any sortase described herein and the STING agonist can be any of the STING agonists described herein. A blood fraction may contain blood cells and / or non-cell components. In some embodiments, a blood fraction does not contain red blood cells or have reduced number of red blood cells. In some embodiments, a blood fraction can be obtained by fractionating whole blood, or separating whole blood into component parts. For example, a blood fraction can be obtained by centrifuging the blood. Methods of Treatment
[0111] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease such as cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase and a STING agonist to the subject.
[0112] Modes of administration in the methods disclosed herein include injection, infusion, instillation, or ingestion. “Injection” includes, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intrathecal, intraventricular, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticular, sub capsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal, intracerebro spinal, and intrasternal injection and infusion. In some examples, the route of administration is intravenous.
[0113] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase and a STING agonist is administered to the subject.
[0114] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, a cell comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof is administered to the subject. In some embodiments, the cell is a blood cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a blood cell, wherein erythrocytes have been removed.
[0115] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, a blood fraction comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof is administered to the subject.
[0116] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, a cell or blood fraction comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof is administered to the subject and optionally further comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a PD-1 antibody or a CTLA4 antibody. In some embodiments, the cell is a blood cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a blood cell, wherein erythrocytes have been removed.
[0117] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0118] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0119] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiments, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0120] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, the sortase and the STING agonist are administered simultaneously. In some embodiments, the sortase and the STING agonist are administered sequentially. When the sortase and the STING agonist are administered simultaneously, they can be in separate compositions or in the same composition. When they are in the same composition, the sortase and the STING agonist may form a conjugate.
[0121] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, the sortase and / or the STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof are administered via injection. In some embodiments, the injection is intratumoral injection or systemic injection. The intratumoral injection may be administered to a primary tumor or a distant tumor.
[0122] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, the injection is intravenous injection.
[0123] In some embodiments of the method of treating cancer, the cancer is a primary tumor. In some embodiments, the cancer is a distant tumor. For example, when a subject has a primary tumor and a distant tumor, administration of the sortase and / or the STING agonist to the primary tumor brings about a therapeutic effect to the distant tumor.
[0124] In some embodiments, the tumor is a solid tumor.
[0125] In some embodiments, the tumor is selected from lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon and rectal cancer, kidney cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, endometrial cancer, and thyroid cancer.
[0126] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, the STING signaling pathway is activated after administration of the sortase and the STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof to a subject in need thereof. For example, administration of the sortase and the STING agonist to a subject having cancer activates STING, and / or one or more effectors implicated in the STING signaling pathway.
[0127] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease such as cancer, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and / or RIG-1 is activated after administration of the sortase and the STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the mRNA levels of ifnb1 and / or cxcl10 genes are increased.
[0128] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for activating the STING signaling pathway in a cell or a subject in need thereof, comprising: contacting a sortase and a STING agonist with the cell or the subject. “Activating the STING signalling pathway” means that STING and / or one or more effectors implicated in the STING signaling pathway is activated, e.g., having an increased level of expression of the one or more effectors.
[0129] In some embodiments of the method for activating the STING signaling pathway, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0130] In some embodiments of the method for activating the STING signaling pathway, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0131] In some embodiments of the method for activating the STING signaling pathway, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiments, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0132] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for activating TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and / or RIG-1, in a cell or a subject in need thereof, comprising: contacting a sortase and a STING agonist with the cell or the subject.
[0133] In some embodiments of the method for activating TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and / or RIG-1, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0134] In some embodiments of the method for activating TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and / or RIG-1, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0135] In some embodiments of the method for activating TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and / or RIG-1, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist can be a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiments, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0136] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for eliciting an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof to the subject.
[0137] In some embodiments of the method for eliciting an immune response, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0138] In some embodiments of the method for eliciting an immune response, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0139] In some embodiments of the method for eliciting an immune response, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiments, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0140] In some embodiments of the method for eliciting an immune response, the expression of Eotaxin, TARC, KC, MIG, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and / or MIP-3α is increased after administration of the sortase and / or the STING agonist to a subject in need thereof.
[0141] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a distant tumor in a subject having the distant tumor and a primary tumor, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase and a STING agonist to the primary tumor.
[0142] In some embodiments of the method for treating a distant tumor, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0143] In some embodiments of the method for treating a distant tumor, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0144] In some embodiments of the method for treating a distant tumor, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiments, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0145] In some embodiments, STING agonists incite inflammatory cytokines that can remodel the tumor microenvironment and promote stronger anti-tumor T cell responses. These qualities make STING agonists good candidates for combination with other therapies such as immunotherapies, e.g., anti-PD-1 / PD-L1 antibodies (ɑPD-1) and / or anti-CTLA4 antibodies (ɑCTLA4) . Thus, the methods of using STING agonists and sortases disclosed herein, such as the methods of treating cancer, methods of improving responses, or methods of eliciting immune responses can be used in combination with other therapies.
[0146] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for eliciting an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a sortase to the subject.
[0147] In some embodiments of the method for eliciting an immune response, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0148] In some embodiments of the method for eliciting an immune response, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0149] In some embodiments of the method for eliciting an immune response, the expression of a cytokine and / or a chemokine is increased after the sortase is administered to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the expression of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IFNβ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL 23 and / or IL-27 is increased. In some embodiments, the expression of IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6, RANTES, TARC, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, BLC, KC, LIX, and / or MDC is increased. In some embodiments, the expression of Eotaxin, TARC, KC, MIG, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and / or MIP-3α is increased. In some embodiments, the expression of CXCL9, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL17, and / or CCL22 is increased.
[0150] In some embodiments of the method for eliciting an immune response, the sortase is administered via injection. In some embodiments, the injection is intratumoral injection or systemic injection. The intratumoral injection may be administered to a primary tumor or a distant tumor.
[0151] In some embodiments of the method for eliciting an immune response, the injection is intravenous injection.
[0152] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a distant tumor in a subject having the distant tumor and a primary tumor, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase to the primary tumor.
[0153] In some embodiments of the method for treating a distant tumor, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0154] In some embodiments of the method for treating a distant tumor, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0155] In some embodiments of the method for treating a distant tumor, the expression of a cytokine and / or a chemokine is increased after the sortase is administered to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the expression of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IFNβ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL 23, and / or IL-27 is increased. In some embodiments, the expression of IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6, RANTES, TARC, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, BLC, KC, LIX, and / or MDC is increased. In some embodiments, the expression of Eotaxin, TARC, KC, MIG, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and / or MIP-3α is increased. In some embodiments, the expression of CXCL9, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL17, and / or CCL22 is increased.
[0156] In some embodiments of the method for treating a distant tumor, the sortase is administered via injection. Methods of Delivery
[0157] Intratumoral injection of cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) , has shown antitumor efficacy in preclinical studies and is under investigation in human clinical trials18. While promising, the therapeutic efficacy of exogenously delivered cGAMP is limited. As an anionic, highly water-soluble molecule, cGAMP can merely cross the cell membrane and access to the cytosol where STING is located19. Moreover, the low molecular weight of CDNs leads to inefficient capture in tumors and / or lymphoid organs20. It can be directly absorbed into blood capillaries at the injection site and rapidly degraded18. There is an unmet need for novel nucleotide and nucleoside-based analogue drug delivery system capable of facilitating the nucleotide drug internalized into cell to exert antitumor efficacy.
[0158] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of delivering a nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof to a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a sortase and the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof. Not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the sortase binds with the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof and positively contributes to maintaining the concentration of nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof in a desired location, such as tumor microenvironment (TME) , e.g., primary and distal tumor, which leads to their internalization into cells at higher efficiency compared to the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof without sortase.
[0159] In some embodiments of the method of delivering, the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, the sortase is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5. In some embodiments, the sortase disclosed herein is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, and a sortase having an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5.
[0160] In some embodiments of the method of delivering, the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, SrtF is derived from C. acnes.
[0161] In some embodiments of the method of delivering, the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is any one of the compounds listed in Table 2 or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is a cyclic dinucleotide. In some embodiments, the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . In some embodiments, the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.
[0162] In some embodiments of the method of delivering, the subject has cancer, wherein the STING agonist is retained in a cancer cell in the subject.
[0163] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides in vivo delivery of an antitumor drug to a subject in need thereof facilitated by a sortase, wherein the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof is an antitumor drug and antitumor effects are achieved.
[0164] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides in vivo delivery of an antitumor drug to a subject in need thereof facilitated by a sortase, wherein the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof is an antitumor drug, the antitumor drug is retained in cancer cells and antitumor effects are achieved. In one embodiment, the sortase, e.g., sortase F, extends intratumoral retention of the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof (e.g., cGAMP) and provokes an immediate systemic immune response. In one embodiment, the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof (e.g., cGAMP) is retained in the cancer cells for 24 to 48 hrs, e.g., at least 24 hr, 28 hrs, 32 hrs, 36 hrs, 40 hrs, and 44 hrs. In one embodiment, the systemic immune response lasts for 1 to 24 hrs, e.g., at least 1 hr, 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 4 hrs, 6 hrs, 8 hrs, 10 hrs, 12 hrs, and 16 hrs. Not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that SrtF binds with cGAMP and positively contributes to maintaining the concentration of cGAMP in TME (primary and distal) , which leads to their internalization into cells at higher efficiency compared to cGAMP-treatment alone. EXAMPLES
[0165] The following examples are provided to describe the disclosure in greater detail. They are intended to illustrate, not to limit, the disclosure.Example 1
[0166] Protein expression and purification
[0167] The purified gene fragments encoding SrtA (SEQ ID NO: 1) , SrtE1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) , SrtE2 (SEQ ID NO: 3) , SrtF (SEQ ID NO: 4) , and mgSrtA (SEQ ID NO: 5) were cloned into pET28a vector with a N-terminal 6xHis-tag. Amino acid sequences are shown in Table 3. The transformed BL21 (DE3) cells were grown in Luria Broth (LB) medium in the presence of 50 μg / ml kanamycin. Protein expression was induced with 0.5 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactoside (IPTG) at OD 0.6 for 4h at 37℃ before harvesting by centrifugation. The cell pellet was resuspended in 40 mL lysis buffer (20 mΜ Tris-HCl, 500 mM NaCl, pH 7.8) supplemented with protease inhibitors and lysed by sonication on ice. After centrifugation, the supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter (Millipore) and loaded onto a gravity column with Ni-NTA Agarose (Qiagen) . Nonspecific binding proteins were washed away with wash buffer (20 mΜ Tris-HCl, 500 mM NaCl, 50 mM imidazole, pH 7.8) . The target proteins were gradiently eluted with elution buffer (20 mΜ Tris-HCl, 500 mM NaCl, 500 mM imidazole, pH 7.8) . All eluted fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE, and the purified fractions were collected. His-tag was removed with TEV protease according to manufacturer’s instructions. The purity of none-tagged sortase protein was checked with SDS-PAGE before concentrating. The protein concentration was determined by measuring absorbance at 280 nm using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher) . The protein stocks were stored in single aliquots at -80℃.
[0168] Cell culture
[0169] Cell lines
[0170] K526 cells or CT26 were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) supplemented with 10%heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (GeminiBio) , 100 U / mL penicillin / 100 ug / mL streptomycin (Gibco) .
[0171] Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs)
[0172] hPBMC stocks were purchased from Milestone Biotechnologies. Before the experiments, cells were thawed following standard procedures and maintained in RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) supplemented with 10%heat-inactivated FBS (GeminiBio) , 100 U / mL penicillin / 100 ug / mL streptomycin (Gibco) .
[0173] Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (mBMDCs)
[0174] mBMDCs from BALB / c mice were generated from precursor cells as previously described21 with modifications. Briefly, BM cells (2X106 cells / mL) were cultured in 10 cm cell culture dishes for 7 days in RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) supplemented with 10%heat-inactivated FBS (GeminiBio) , 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich) , 100 U / mL penicillin / 100 ug / mL streptomycin (Gibco) , 20 mM HEPES (Gibco) , 1mM Sodium pyruvate (Gibco) , 100 μM nonessential amino acid (Gibco) , 50 ng / mL murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Peprotech) with 50 ng / mL murine IL-4 (Peprotech) . On day 4 and day 7, half of supernatant was replaced with fresh cytokine-containing medium. On day 8, cells were used for further experiments.
[0175] In vitro stimulation of cells
[0176] 5X105 hPBMCs or mBMDCs were suspended in 50 μL PBS and challenged with 20 μM or 1 μM indicated proteins in the presence or absence of 1 μg / mL 2’3’-cGAMP and incubated at 37℃ for 10 mins. Then, cells were washed twice with PBS before maintaining in 250 μl RPMI-1640 completed medium. At scheduled time points, the conditioned medium (PBMC: 24 h; BMDC: 6 h) and cell pellets (PBMC: 6 h; BMDC: 6 h) were collected and stored in -80℃ until use.
[0177] Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) Total RNA extraction was conducted using the RNAiso Plus (Takara) . A total of 0.3 μg of RNA was reverse-transcribed using the PrimeScriptTM RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser (Takara) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Real-time PCR was performed with TB Green Premix Ex TaqII (Takara) on a LightCycler real-time PCR instrument (Roche) . Primers used are shown in Table 4 The expression of target genes was normalized to GAPDH gene. Table 4
[0178] Confocal microscopy
[0179] K562 cells were labeled with 10 μg / mL 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 with the presence of 20 uM SrtF in 50 uL PBS at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes. At the end of incubation, cells were washed with PBS twice and then stained with Hoechst 33342 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and CellMaskTM Green Plasma Membrane stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 15 min at 37℃. Cells were washed twice with PBS before confocal imaging. All cells were visualized by CSU-W1 spinning disk confocal microscope (Nikon) with 100X oil immersion objective.
[0180] Mouse studies
[0181] The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of Westlake University. Male BALB / c mice 6 to 8-week-old were bilateral injected with 5X105 CT26 tumor cells in both left and right flanks. When the tumors reached ~100 mm3, 40 μL of PBS, 2’3’-cGAMP (10 μg) , SrtF (20 μM) , or 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF (10 μg / 20 μM) was intratumorally injected into the mice for 3 consecutive days. Tumor size was measured at scheduled time points using a digital caliper and tumor volume was estimated using the formula: tumor volume = length X width2 / 2. Mice were euthanized when tumor volume was about to reach 2000 mm3. To evaluate circulating plasma cytokine levels, blood was drawn by a retinal orbital bleed 4 h or 24 h after the last treatment, and plasma was isolated and stored in -80℃ until use.
[0182] In vivo imaging system analysis
[0183] The subcutaneous CT26-bearing BALB / c mouse model was established by the procedure above. When the tumors reached ~150 mm3, 40 μL of 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 / SrtF (1 μg / 20 μM) or free (i.e., without sortase) 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 (1μg) was intratumorally injected into the mice. The mice were anesthetized with 2% (v / v) isoflurane / oxygen and imaged using Biospace Optima small animal imaging system (Biospace Lab) at 30 min, 24 h, 48 h after injection.
[0184] Measurement of cytokine content
[0185] Cytokine and chemokine levels in the conditioned medium or plasma were measured and quantified using beads-based sandwich ELISA as per the manufacturer’s instructions (LEGENDplex kits, mouse inflammation panel, 740446; mouse proinflammatory chemokine panel, 740451; human inflammation panel 1; 740809; human proinflammatory chemokine panel 1; 741080) .
[0186] Results
[0187] The immune enhancement effect of sortase enzymes
[0188] Our studies focused on exploring the immune enhancement effect of sortase enzymes in cell models. Cytokine levels in the conditioned medium of hPBMCs and mBMDCs stimulated with sortase enzymes (SrtA, SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, and mgSrtA) were measured. As shown in Fig. 1, SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF and mgSrtA stimulated the production of cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, more effectively than EGFP control and their homolog-SrtA after treatment of hPBMCs for 24 h (Fig. 1) . Similarly, they also significantly increased the production of cytokines (IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6) and chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, etc. ) in mBMDCs after 6 h treatment (Fig. 2) .
[0189] cGAMP / SrtF efficiently delivers cGAMP and activates the STING signaling pathway
[0190] We firstly verified whether 2’3’-cGAMP / sortase enzymes could activate STING pathway in cell models. The gene expression levels of STING downstream molecules were measured by qRT-PCR. 2’3’-cGAMP / sortase enzymes increased the mRNA levels of ifnb1 and cxcl10 genes, to one degree or another, in both hPBMCs and mBMDCs. Free cGAMP controls had negligible effects, due to low cellular uptake (Fig. 3A and 3B) . SrtF had the best solubility in PBS and strong STING activation effect and was selected for the following experiments.
[0191] The cellular uptake of 2’3’-cGAMP by 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 / SrtF was studied using 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5. Confocal imaging showed uptake of 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 in the presence of SrtF by K562 in 4h (Fig. 3C) .
[0192] cGAMP / SrtF elicits potent antitumor immunity
[0193] The antitumor effects of 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF were validated on CT26-bearing BALB / c mice. The mice were intratumorally injected with 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF or other controls for 3 consecutive days (Fig. 4A) . Tumor regression was observed in 2’3’-cGAMP alone and 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF group (Fig. 4B) . The primary tumor volume in the 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF group significantly declined on day 8 and day 12 compared to that in the PBS group. Consistent with previously studies, 2’3’-cGAMP alone had a little effect on tumor growth22. No significant changes were observed in the SrtF alone group. (Fig. 4C) . Only the 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF group exhibited a significantly decrease of distant tumor volume on day 12 (Fig. 4C) .
[0194] cGAMP / SrtF activates STING and provokes an immediate systemic immune response in vivo
[0195] We further investigated the cGAMP retention in subcutaneous CT26 tumors by in vivo imaging system. After intratumoral injection, the fluorescence of free 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 decreased rapidly within 24 h. In contrast, the fluorescence of 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 / SrtF could be detected within 24 h and decayed in 48 h (Fig. 5A) .
[0196] Plasma concentrations of STING signaling target cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, RANTES and IP-10) were detected after the last treatment at 4 h and 24 h. Intratumoral injections of 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF significantly increased aforementioned cytokine concentrations at 4 h in plasma compared to the PBS group, indicating the activation of STING signaling pathway in vivo. And this activation effect almost vanished 24 h after the last injection (Fig. 5B-F) . The concentrations of other cytokines and chemokines changed in a similar fashion to that observed in STING signaling target cytokines, suggesting 2’3’-cGAMP-Cy5 / SrtF stimulated an immediate systemic immune response in vivo (Fig. 6) .
[0197] Systemic intravenous administration of cGAMP / SrtF exerts anti-tumor effects
[0198] To test the therapeutic possibility for metastatic tumors, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of cGAMP / SrtF after intravenous administration. CT26-tumor bearing BALB / c mice were intravenously injected with 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF or controls on day 0, 2, 4 (Fig. 7A) . The tumor volume in the SrtF alone and 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF group significantly declined on day 10 compared to that in the PBS group (Fig. 7B) , indicating systemic intravenous administration of cGAMP / SrtF induced potent anti-tumor efficacy.
[0199] cGAMP / SrtF plus anti-PD-1 antibody initiates systemic immune responses
[0200] A bilateral subcutaneous CT26 bearing BALB / c mouse model was established to validate systemic anti-tumor immunity with cGAMP / SrtF plus an anti-PD-1 antibody. The anti-PD-1 antibody was obtained from BioXCell (InVivoPlus anti-mouse PD-1 (CD279) ; Clone: RMP1-14; Cat# BP0146) . CT26-tumor bearing BALB / c mice were intratumorally injected with 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF or other controls on day 0, 2, 4. The anti-PD-1 antibody was administrated by intraperitoneal injection on day 4, 8, and 12 (Fig. 8A) . 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF treatment significantly reduced the local tumors on day 16 but had modest impact on untreated distant tumors. Whereas combination treatment of 2’3’-cGAMP / SrtF plus anti-PD-1 antibody group exhibited strong growth inhibition of both primary and untreated distant tumors (Fig. 8B-C) .Example 2
[0201] Sortase F protein expression and purification
[0202] The purified gene fragment encoding SrtF (SEQ ID NO: 4) was cloned into pET28a vector with a N-terminal 6xHis-tag. Amino acid sequences are shown in Table 3. The transformed BL21 (DE3) cells were grown in LB medium in the presence of 50 μg / ml kanamycin. Protein expression was induced with 0.5 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactoside (IPTG) at OD 0.6 for 4h at 37℃ before harvesting by centrifugation. The cell pellet was resuspended in 40 mL lysis buffer (20 mΜ Tris-HCl, 500 mM NaCl, pH 7.8) supplemented with protease inhibitors and lysed by sonication on ice. After centrifugation, the supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter (Millipore) and loaded onto a gravity column with Ni-NTA Agarose (Qiagen) . Nonspecific binding proteins were washed away with wash buffer (20 mΜ Tris-HCl, 500 mM NaCl, 40 mM imidazole, pH 7.8) . The target proteins were gradient eluted with elution buffer (20 mΜ Tris-HCl, 500 mM NaCl, 500 mM imidazole, pH 7.8) . All eluted fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE, and the purified fractions were collected. His-tag was removed with TEV protease (Beyotime) according to manufacturer’s instructions. The purity of non-tagged sortase protein was checked with SDS-PAGE before concentrating. The protein concentration was determined by measuring absorbance at 280 nm using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher) . The protein stocks were stored in single aliquots at -80℃ in storage buffer (20 mΜ Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.8) .
[0203] Cell culture
[0204] Cell lines
[0205] B16F10 cells were cultured in DMEM / F12 medium (HyClone) supplemented with 10%heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (GeminiBio) and 100 U / mL penicillin / 100 ug / mL streptomycin (Gibco) . Cells were maintained at 37℃ with 5%CO2.
[0206] CT26 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (HyClone) supplemented with 10%heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (GeminiBio) and 100 U / mL penicillin / 100 ug / mL streptomycin (Gibco) . Cells were maintained at 37℃ with 5%CO2.
[0207] Mouse studies
[0208] Blood cells
[0209] The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of Westlake University. To quantify B16F10 tumor progression in C57BL / 6 mice, 1 × 105 B16F10 tumor cells were subcutaneously injected into the left flank of C57BL / 6 mice. To quantify CT26 tumor progression in Balb / c mice, 5 × 105 CT26 cells were subcutaneously injected into the left flank of Balb / c mice. On day 7 post tumor inoculation, the mice were randomly separated into groups, with five mice in each group. For each mouse, 10 μL of blood was drawn by tail tip bleed and added into 500 μL PBS. After a low-speed centrifuge, the blood cells were resuspended in 100 μL PBS, which was incubated with different reagents, as described below, at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes.
[0210] cGAMP was used as the cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) . To prepare the incubation reagents, SrtF and cGAMP were added to the 100 μL PBS suspension separately or in combination. Different amounts of SrtF and cGAMP were investigated, including 45 μg SrtF and 60 μg cGAMP, 15 μg SrtF and 20 μg cGAMP (1 / 3 dose) , 30 μg SrtF and 40 μg cGAMP (2 / 3 dose) , and 90 μg SrtF and 120 μg cGAMP (2X dose) .
[0211] At the end of the incubation, the blood cells were washed with ice-cold PBS and suspended in 150 μL PBS, which was injected into the mouse via the tail vein (i.v. ) . The mice were treated with different reagents and at different frequencies. In some experiments, the blood cells with erythrocyte removal were investigated and named “no RBC. ” The blood cells with both SrtF and cGAMP are referred to as Cell Drug Conjugates (CDC) .
[0212] To test the combinatorial effects of CDC and an additional immunotherapy to control tumor progression, 100 μg αPD-1 or 100 μg ɑCTLA4 was administrated by intraperitoneal injections (i.p. ) on scheduled time points.
[0213] A portion of the mice underwent three treatments on day 0, day 2, and day 4; another portion of the mice underwent an additional two treatments on day 6 and day 8. The tumor size of each mouse was measured every other day using a digital caliper. The tumor volume was estimated as: 1 / 2 × (length × width2) .
[0214] Animal experiments were conducted in three batches, considering the handling capacity. Within a batch, group data are used for different comparisons. Specifically, data from Figures 9-12 are from the same batch, data from Figures 13-14 are from the same batch, and data from Figures 15-16 are from the same batch.
[0215] Multiplex cytokine assay
[0216] C57BL / 6 mice were randomly separated into six groups, with three mice in each group. For each mouse, 10 μL blood was drawn by tail tip bleed and added into 500 μL PBS. After a low-speed centrifuge, the blood cells were resuspended into 100 μL PBS, which was incubated with different reagents as mentioned above at 37℃ for 10 minutes. At the end of the incubation, the blood cells were washed with ice-cold PBS and suspended in 150 μL PBS, which was injected into the mouse via the tail vein (i.v. ) . Peripheral blood of C57BL / 6 mice was obtained by retro-orbital bleeding at 4h post-treatment. Cytokine and chemokine levels in the conditioned medium or plasma were determined in beads-based multiplex immunoassay using LEGENDplex kits (BioLegend) as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Data was acquired on a Beckman CytoFLEX LX Flow Cytometer (Beckman) and analyzed using LEGENDplexTM Data Analysis Software (BioLegend) . The standard curve was created for each analyte (R2 > 0.99) by performing 1: 4 dilution (8-points) of standard samples provided in the kit.
[0217] Results
[0218] Systemic intravenous administration of blood cells as carriers of cGAMP / SrtF exerts anti-tumor effects
[0219] To enable the systemic delivery of cGAMP, we employed SrtF to label cGAMP to blood cells drawn from C57BL / 6 mice. The blood cells were incubated with cGAMP in the presence of SrtF. The cells from 10 μL blood were used for this in vitro incubation, in which SrtF presumably mediates the labeling and / or internalization of cGAMP to various blood cells, resulting in Cell Drug Conjugates (CDC) . The post-incubation blood cells were then intravenously injected into the C57BL / 6 mice bearing B16F10 tumor cells. Treating mice with CDC greatly controlled the progression of B16F10 tumor cells compared with other treatments, including cGAMP only or SrtF only (Figure 9) .
[0220] When combined with immunotherapy, we found that administrating ɑPD-1 (anti-PD-1 antibody) or ɑCTLA4 (anti-CTLA4 antibody) to the CDC-treated mice via i.p. further controlled the tumor progression (Figures 10-14) .
[0221] After 4, 24, 48, or 96 hours of the last treatment, we quantified the levels of cytokines and chemokines in mice plasma (Figures 17-18) . The levels of cytokines and chemokines increased at different extents and differed among treatment groups but overall at a low level.
[0222] We also investigated whether the efficiency of controlling tumor progression is tumor-type specific. The CT26 tumor cells in Balb / c-bearing mice were controlled, and the efficacy can be further boosted by the combinatorial use of ɑPD-1 with CDC (Figures 15-16) .
[0223] Not wishing to be bound by theory, it is possible that the intrinsic homing information of blood cells brings cGAMP and SrtF to the circulation system and organs, including tumor sites, lymph node, bone marrow, et al. For example, at tumor sites, cGAMP, SrtF, and αPD-1 may combinatorially contribute to activating the immune pathways and unlocking the immune checkpoint blockade. Blood cells involved in this process may include platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, red blood cells (RBC) , and other cellular or non-cellular components in whole blood.
[0224] Further embodiments are illustrated below. Embodiment 1. A conjugate of a sortase and a STING agonist. Embodiment 2. The conjugate of Embodiment 1, wherein the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. Embodiment 3. The conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-2, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. Embodiment 4. The conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-3, wherein the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. Embodiment 5. The conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-4, wherein the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . Embodiment 6. The conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-5, wherein the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP. Embodiment 7. A composition comprising the conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-6. Embodiment 8. A cell or blood fraction comprising the conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-6. Embodiment 9. A composition comprising a sortase and a STING agonist. Embodiment 10. The composition of Embodiment 9, wherein the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. Embodiment 11. The composition of any one of Embodiments 9-10, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. Embodiment 12. The composition of any one of Embodiments 9-11, wherein the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. Embodiment 13. The composition of any one of Embodiments 9-12, wherein the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . Embodiment 14. The composition of any one of Embodiments 9-13, wherein the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP. Embodiment 15. A cell or blood fraction comprising a sortase and a STING agonist. Embodiment 16. The cell or blood fraction of Embodiment 15, wherein the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. Embodiment 17. The cell or blood fraction of any one of Embodiments 15-16, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. Embodiment 18. The cell or blood fraction of any one of Embodiments 15-17, wherein the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. Embodiment 19. The cell or blood fraction of any one of Embodiments 15-18, wherein the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . Embodiment 20. The cell or blood fraction of any one of Embodiments 15-19, wherein the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP. Embodiment 21. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof to the subject, optionally further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a PD-1 antibody or a CTLA4 antibody. Embodiment 22. The method of Embodiment 21, wherein the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof. Embodiment 23. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-22, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. Embodiment 24. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-23, wherein the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI. Embodiment 25. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-24, wherein the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) . Embodiment 26. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-25, wherein the cyclic nucleotide is 2’, 3’-cGAMP. Embodiment 27. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-26, wherein the sortase and the STING agonist are administered simultaneously. Embodiment 28. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-26, wherein the sortase and the STING agonist are administered sequentially. Embodiment 29. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-28, wherein the sortase and / or the STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof are administered via injection. Embodiment 30. The method of Embodiment 29, wherein the injection is intratumoral injection or systemic injection. Embodiment 31. The method of Embodiment 29, wherein the injection is intravenous injection or intratumoral injection. Embodiment 32. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-31, wherein the cancer is a primary tumor. Embodiment 33. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-31, wherein the cancer is a distant tumor. Embodiment 34. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-33, wherein the STING signaling pathway is activated. Embodiment 35. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-33, wherein TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and / or RIG-1 is activated. Embodiment 36. The method of any one of Embodiments 21-35, wherein the mRNA levels of ifnb1 and / or cxcl10 genes are increased. Embodiment 37. A method for activating the STING signaling pathway in a cell or a subject in need thereof, comprising: contacting a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof with the cell or the subject. Embodiment 38. A method for activating TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and / or RIG-1, in a cell or a subject in need thereof, comprising: contacting a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof with the cell or the subject. Embodiment 39. The method of Embodiment 37 or 38, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof, and the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP. Embodiment 40. A method for eliciting an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof to the subject. Embodiment 41. The method of Embodiment 40, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof, and the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP. Embodiment 42. The method of any one of Embodiments 40 and 41, wherein the expression of Eotaxin, TARC, KC, MIG, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and / or MIP-3α is increased. Embodiment 43. A method for treating a distant tumor in a subject having the distant tumor and a primary tumor, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof to the primary tumor. Embodiment 44. The method of Embodiment 43, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof and the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP. Embodiment 45. A method for eliciting an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a sortase to the subject. Embodiment 46. The method of Embodiment 45, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. Embodiment 47. The method of any one of Embodiments 45 and 46, wherein the expression of a cytokine and / or a chemokine is increased. Embodiment 48. The method of any one of Embodiments 45-47, wherein the expression of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-18, and / or IL 23 is increased. Embodiment 49. The method any one of Embodiments 45-47, wherein the expression of IL- 1α, TNF-α, IL-6, RANTES, TARC, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, BLC, KC, LIX, and / or MDC is increased. Embodiment 50. The method any one of Embodiments 45-47, wherein the expression of Eotaxin, TARC, KC, MIG, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and / or MIP-3α is increased. Embodiment 51. A method for treating a distant tumor in a subject having the distant tumor and a primary tumor, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase to the primary tumor. Embodiment 52. The method of Embodiment 51, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. Embodiment 53. A method of delivering a nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof to a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a sortase and the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof and / or conjugate thereof. Embodiment 54. The method of Embodiment 53, wherein the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof is a STING agonist. Embodiment 55. The method of any one of Embodiment 53 and 54, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. Embodiment 56. The method of any one of Embodiment 53-55, wherein the subject has cancer and wherein the STING agonist is retained in a cancer cell in the subject. Embodiment 57. An immune composition comprising a sortase as an adjuvant. Embodiment 58. The immune composition of Embodiment 57, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof. Embodiment 59. A kit comprising a sortase and / or STING agonist. Embodiment 60. The kit of claim Embodiment 59, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof, and the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP. Embodiment 61. The cell of any one of Embodiments 15-20, wherein the cell is a blood cell. Embodiment 62. The cell of any one of Embodiments 15-20, wherein the cell is a blood cell, wherein erythrocytes have been removed. Embodiment 63. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of the cell or blood fraction of any one of Embodiments 15-20 and 61-62 to the subject, optionally further comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a PD-1 antibody or a CTLA4 antibody. Embodiment 64. The method of Embodiment 63, wherein the cell or blood fraction is administered via injection. Embodiment 65. The method of Embodiment 64, wherein the injection is intratumoral injection or systemic injection. Embodiment 66. The method of Embodiment 64, wherein the injection is intravenous injection or intratumoral injection. Embodiment 67. The method of any one of Embodiments 64-66, wherein the cancer is a primary tumor. Embodiment 68. The method of any one of Embodiments 64-66, wherein the cancer is a distant tumor. Embodiment 69. The method of any one of Embodiments 64-68, wherein the STING signaling pathway is activated.
[0225] While the disclosure has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood by those having skill in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as disclosed herein. References 1. Waldman, A.D., Fritz, J.M. & Lenardo, M.J. A guide to cancer immunotherapy: from T cell basic science to clinical practice. Nat Rev Immunol 20, 651-668 (2020) . 2. Deng, L. et al. STING-Dependent Cytosolic DNA Sensing Promotes Radiation-Induced Type I Interferon-Dependent Antitumor Immunity in Immunogenic Tumors. Immunity 41, 843-852 (2014) . 3. Woo, S.R. et al. STING-dependent cytosolic DNA sensing mediates innate immune recognition of immunogenic tumors. Immunity 41, 830-842 (2014) . 4. Diner, Elie J. et al. The Innate Immune DNA Sensor cGAS Produces a Noncanonical Cyclic Dinucleotide that Activates Human STING. Cell Reports 3, 1355-1361 (2013) . 5. Zhang, X. et al. Cyclic GMP-AMP containing mixed phosphodiester linkages is an endogenous high-affinity ligand for STING. Mol Cell 51, 226-235 (2013) . 6. Decout, A., Katz, J.D., Venkatraman, S. & Ablasser, A. The cGAS-STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 21, 548-569 (2021) . 7. Wang, H. et al. cGAS is essential for the antitumor effect of immune checkpoint blockade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114, 1637-1642 (2017) . 8. Hendrickx, A.P., Budzik, J.M., Oh, S.Y. & Schneewind, O. Architects at the bacterial surface -sortases and the assembly of pili with isopeptide bonds. Nat Rev Microbiol 9, 166-176 (2011) . 9. Ton-That, H., Liu, G., Mazmanian, S.K., Faull, K.F. & Schneewind, O. Purification and characterization of sortase, the transpeptidase that cleaves surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus at the LPXTG motif. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, 12424-12429 (1999) . 10. Ton-That, H., Mazmanian, S.K., Faull, K.F. & Schneewind, O. Anchoring of surface proteins to the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus. Sortase catalyzed in vitro transpeptidation reaction using LPXTG peptide and NH (2) -Gly (3) substrates. J Biol Chem 275, 9876-9881 (2000) . 11. Chen, L. et al. Improved variants of SrtA for site-specific conjugation on antibodies and proteins with high efficiency. Sci Rep 6, 31899 (2016) . 12. Ge, Y. et al. Enzyme-Mediated Intercellular Proximity Labeling for Detecting Cell-Cell Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 141, 1833-1837 (2019) . 13. Kumar, S., Sunagar, R. & Gosselin, E. Bacterial Protein Toll-Like-Receptor Agonists: A Novel Perspective on Vaccine Adjuvants. Front Immunol 10, 1144 (2019) . 14. Hemmi, H. & Akira, S. TLR signalling and the function of dendritic cells. Chem Immunol Allergy 86, 120-135 (2005) . 15. Chen, I., Dorr, B.M. & Liu, D.R. A general strategy for the evolution of bond-forming enzymes using yeast display. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108, 11399-11404 (2011) . 16. Glasgow, J.E., Salit, M.L. & Cochran, J.R. In Vivo Site-Specific Protein Tagging with Diverse Amines Using an Engineered Sortase Variant. J Am Chem Soc 138, 7496-7499 (2016) . 17. Podracky, C.J. et al. Laboratory evolution of a sortase enzyme that modifies amyloid-beta protein. Nat Chem Biol 17, 317-325 (2021) . 18. Mullard, A. Can innate immune system targets turn up the heat on 'cold' tumours? Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 17, 3-5 (2018) . 19. Dubensky, T.W., Jr., Kanne, D.B. & Leong, M.L. Rationale, progress and development of vaccines utilizing STING-activating cyclic dinucleotide adjuvants. Ther Adv Vaccines 1, 131-143 (2013) . 20. Hanson, M.C. et al. Nanoparticulate STING agonists are potent lymph node-targeted vaccine adjuvants. J Clin Invest 125, 2532-2546 (2015) . 21. Hackstein, H. et al. Rapamycin inhibits IL-4--induced dendritic cell maturation in vitro and dendritic cell mobilization and function in vivo. Blood 101, 4457-4463 (2003) . 22. Luo, T. et al. A 2D Nanoradiosensitizer Enhances Radiotherapy and Delivers STING Agonists to Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy. Adv Mater 34, e2110588 (2022) .
Claims
1.A conjugate of a sortase and a STING agonist.2.The conjugate of claim 1, wherein the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof.3.The conjugate of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof.4.The conjugate of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI.5.The conjugate of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) .6.The conjugate of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.7.A composition comprising the conjugate of any one of claims 1-6.8.A cell or a blood fraction comprising the conjugate of any one of claims 1-6.9.A composition comprising a sortase and a STING agonist.10.The composition of claim 9, wherein the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof.11.The composition of any one of claims 9-10, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof.12.The composition of any one of claims 9-11, wherein the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI.13.The composition of any one of claims 9-12, wherein the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) .14.The composition of any one of claims 9-13, wherein the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.15.A cell or a blood fraction comprising a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof.16.The cell or blood fraction of claim 15, wherein the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof.17.The cell or blood fraction of any one of claims 15-16, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof.18.The cell or blood fraction of any one of claims 15-17, wherein the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI.19.The cell or blood fraction of any one of claims 15-18, wherein the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) .20.The cell or blood fraction of any one of claims 15-19, wherein the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.21.A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof to the subject, optionally further comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a PD-1 antibody or a CTLA4 antibody.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the sortase is selected from SrtE1, SrtE2, SrtF, mgSrtA, and variants thereof.23.The method of any one of claims 21-22, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof.24.The method of any one of claims 21-23, wherein the STING agonist is selected from cyclic nucleotides, xanthenone derivatives, and diABZI.25.The method of any one of claims 21-24, wherein the STING agonist is cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) .26.The method of any one of claims 21-25, wherein the cyclic nucleotide is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.27.The method of any one of claims 21-26, wherein the sortase and the STING agonist are administered simultaneously.28.The method of any one of claims 21-26, wherein the sortase and the STING agonist are administered sequentially.29.The method of any one of claims 21-28, wherein the sortase and / or the STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof are administered via injection.30.The method of claim 29, wherein the injection is intratumoral injection or systemic injection.31.The method of claim 29, wherein the injection is intravenous injection or intratumoral injection.32.The method of any one of claims 21-31, wherein the cancer is a primary tumor.33.The method of any one of claims 21-31, wherein the cancer is a distant tumor.34.The method of any one of claims 21-33, wherein the STING signaling pathway is activated.35.The method of any one of claims 21-33, wherein TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and / or RIG-1 is activated.36.The method of any one of claims 21-35, wherein the mRNA levels of ifnb1 and / or cxcl10 genes are increased.37.A method for activating the STING signaling pathway in a cell or a subject in need thereof, comprising: contacting a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof with the cell or the subject.38.A method for activating TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and / or RIG-1, in a cell or a subject in need thereof, comprising: contacting a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof with the cell or the subject.39.The method of claim 37 or 38, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof, and the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.40.A method for eliciting an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof to the subject.41.The method of claim 40, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof, and the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.42.The method of any one of claims 40 and 41, wherein the expression of Eotaxin, TARC, KC, MIG, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and / or MIP-3α is increased.43.A method for treating a distant tumor in a subject having the distant tumor and a primary tumor, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase and a STING agonist and / or conjugate thereof to the primary tumor.44.The method of claim 43, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof and the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.45.A method for eliciting an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a sortase to the subject.46.The method of claim 45, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof.47.The method of any one of claims 45 and 46, wherein the expression of a cytokine and / or a chemokine is increased.48.The method of any one of claims 45-47, wherein the expression of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-18, and / or IL 23 is increased.49.The method any one of claims 45-47, wherein the expression of IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6, RANTES, TARC, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, BLC, KC, LIX, and / or MDC is increased.50.The method any one of claims 45-47, wherein the expression of Eotaxin, TARC, KC, MIG, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and / or MIP-3α is increased.51.A method for treating a distant tumor in a subject having the distant tumor and a primary tumor, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of a sortase to the primary tumor.52.The method of claim 51, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof.53.A method of delivering a nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof to a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a sortase and the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof and / or conjugate thereof.54.The method of claim 53, wherein the nucleotide, nucleoside, or derivative thereof is a STING agonist.55.The method of any one of claims 53 and 54, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof.56.The method of any one of claims 53-55, wherein the subject has cancer and wherein the STING agonist is retained in a cancer cell in the subject.57.An immune composition comprising a sortase as an adjuvant.58.The immune composition of claim 57, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof.59.A kit comprising a sortase and / or STING agonist.60.The kit of claim 59, wherein the sortase is SrtF or a variant thereof, and the STING agonist is 2’, 3’-cGAMP.61.The cell of any one of claims 8 and 15-20, wherein the cell is a blood cell.62.The cell of any one of claims 8 and 15-20, wherein the cell is a blood cell, wherein erythrocytes have been removed.63.A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of the cell or blood fraction of any one of claims 8, 15-20 and 61-62 to the subject, optionally further comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a PD-1 antibody or a CTLA4 antibody.64.The method of claim 63, wherein the cell or blood fraction is administered via injection.65.The method of claim 64, wherein the injection or blood fraction is intratumoral injection or systemic injection.66.The method of claim 64, wherein the injection is intravenous injection or intratumoral injection.67.The method of any one of claims 64-66, wherein the cancer is a primary tumor.68.The method of any one of claims 64-66, wherein the cancer is a distant tumor.69.The method of any one of claims 64-68, wherein the STING signaling pathway is activated.
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Patent Citations
Conjugates of nucleic acids or derivatives thereof and cells, methods of preparation, and uses thereof
WO2023141932A1