Method and device for uplink transmission / reception in wireless communication system

Abstract

Disclosed are a method and a device for performing uplink transmission / reception in a wireless communication system. The method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the steps of: receiving, by a terminal from a base station, first configuration information including at least one parameter related to an on-demand synchronization signal block (SSB) operation; receive, by the terminal from the base station, a first medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) related to a first parameter among the at least one parameter; and receiving, by the terminal from the base station, at least one on-demand SSB on the basis of the first parameter, wherein each of the at least one parameter includes a transmission period and the number of transmissions of the at least one on-demand SSB.

Description

Method and device for performing uplink transmission and reception in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and device for performing uplink transmission and reception in a wireless communication system.

[0002] The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system, the successor to 4G LTE (long-term evolution), is a new, clean-slate mobile communication system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR (New Radio) can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, to intermediate-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and to high-frequency (or millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz. 6G wireless communication systems are being developed based on the underlying technologies of 5G wireless communication.

[0003] The 6G wireless communication system is being developed with the goals of (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity. Considering the requirements of the 6G system, such as a peak data rate of 1 Tbps per device, an end-to-end latency of 1 ms, a maximum spectrum efficiency of 100 bps / Hz, support for mobility of 1000 km / h, satellite integration, artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles, extended reality (XR), and haptic communication, various technologies are being researched.

[0004] The technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for performing uplink transmission and reception in a wireless communication system.

[0005] In addition, an additional technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for controlling a transmission period of a synchronization signal block or a synchronization channel.

[0006] The technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0007] A method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the steps of: receiving, by a terminal, from a base station first configuration information including at least one parameter related to an on-demand synchronization signal block (SSB) operation; receiving, by the terminal, from the base station a first medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) related to a first parameter of the at least one parameter; and receiving, by the terminal, from the base station at least one on-demand SSB based on the first parameter, wherein each of the at least one parameter may include a transmission period and a transmission number of the at least one on-demand SSB.

[0008] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method includes the steps of: transmitting, by a base station, first configuration information including at least one parameter related to an on-demand synchronization signal block (SSB) operation to a terminal; transmitting, by the base station, a first medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) related to a first parameter of the at least one parameter to the terminal; and transmitting, by the base station, at least one on-demand SSB to the terminal based on the first parameter, wherein each of the at least one parameter may include a transmission period and a transmission number of the at least one on-demand SSB.

[0009] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method and apparatus for performing uplink transmission and reception in a wireless communication system can be provided.

[0010] Additionally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a method and device for controlling a transmission period of a synchronization signal block or a synchronization channel.

[0011] The effects that can be obtained from the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains from the description below.

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and are part of the detailed description to aid in understanding the present disclosure, provide embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the detailed description, describe the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 1 illustrates a flexible network topology to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0016] FIG. 4 exemplarily illustrates a communication procedure between a first node and a second node to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates a functional framework for AI operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0021] FIG. 9 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0022] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a system information transmission / reception procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0023] FIG. 11 exemplarily illustrates a beam management procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0024] Figures 12 and 13 illustrate examples of NTN scenarios to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0025] FIG. 14 illustrates examples of sensing operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0026] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of cell DTX / DRX operation to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0027] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of carrier aggregation (CA) operation including an SSB-less cell to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0028] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a conditional handover operation to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0029] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a procedure for CSI measurement and reporting to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0030] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of an on-demand SIB1 transmission procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0031] FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a method for a terminal to perform a communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a method for a base station to perform a communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description set forth below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the present disclosure may be practiced. The following detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details.

[0034] In some cases, to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure, known structures and devices may be omitted or illustrated in block diagram form focusing on the core functions of each structure and device.

[0035] In the present disclosure, when a component is said to be "connected," "coupled," or "connected" to another component, this may include not only a direct connection but also an indirect connection in which another component exists between them. Furthermore, the terms "comprises" or "has" in the present disclosure specify the presence of the mentioned features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0036] In this disclosure, terms such as “first,” “second,” etc. are used only to distinguish one component from another and are not used to limit the components, and do not limit the order or importance between the components unless specifically stated otherwise. Accordingly, within the scope of this disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0037] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims. As used in the description of the embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0038] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0039] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0040] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0041] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0042] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information."

[0043] In the following description, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0044] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0045] In the present disclosure, a terminal or user equipment (UE) may be a portable device and may be a first node that receives a signal from a base station / second node / IAB (integrated access backhaul) node.

[0046] In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may be a second node / IAB node / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP).

[0047] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters configured, pre-configured, or pre-defined for the terminal. For example, a base station or a network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0048] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB (system information block), MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set to a device through separate signaling or being defined in advance without separate signaling.

[0049] In the present disclosure, transmitting or receiving a channel means transmitting or receiving information or a signal through the channel. For example, transmitting a control channel means transmitting control information or a signal through the control channel. Similarly, transmitting a data channel means transmitting data information or a signal through the data channel.

[0050] The technology described in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0051] The technology described in the present disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, the 6G system can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0052] Network structure

[0053] Figure 1 illustrates a flexible network topology to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0054] To compensate for incomplete network coverage areas, a network topology that allows for more flexible and resilient split radio access networks (RANs) may be considered. For this purpose, various nodes, such as integrated access backhaul (IAB) nodes, relays, and radio frequency (RF) repeaters, as illustrated in Figure 1, may be applied, or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) may be integrated. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. For example, a relay may refer to any intermediate point, and in the case of a sidelink relay where a terminal functions as a relay, it may collectively refer to a terminal-to-network (U2N) relay and a terminal-to-terminal (U2U) relay. For example, an RF repeater may correspond to a node that simply performs the function of signal amplification and forwarding, or in the case of a network-controlled repeater, it may not only amplify and forward signals but also adjust its transmission and reception settings based on information provided by the network. For example, NTN nodes could be satellites or aircraft that provide NTN coverage that terrestrial networks struggle to provide. Beyond these examples, various intermediate points can be introduced to improve the network topology.

[0055] Referring to Figure 1, a split RAN can support the division of a base station into a centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs). The CU and DU can correspond to logical units. The CU can be further divided into a control plane (CP) portion and one or more user plane (UP) portions. Since a failure in the CU-CP affects not only the CU-UP but also the DUs, various intermediate points can be introduced to compensate for this.

[0056] An intermediate point may correspond to a terminal or a base station, depending on its relationship to other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a mobile-termination (MT) portion and a unit (DU). The MT may connect the IAB node to a donor node. The unit (DU) of an IAB node may serve other terminals or connect to other IAB nodes to provide multi-hop wireless backhaul to the terminal. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a base station in its relationship to a user-side node, and to a terminal in its relationship to a network-side node.

[0057] In some examples of the present disclosure, the description of a terminal may equally apply not only to a user-side endpoint, but also to an intermediate point corresponding to a terminal in a relative relationship with a network-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of the present disclosure, the description of a base station may equally apply not only to a network-side endpoint, but also to an intermediate point corresponding to a base station in a relative relationship with a user-side endpoint. In most cases where there is no additional description of the operations of three or more entities, the communicating entities in the present disclosure are briefly described as terminals and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes), where the terms terminal and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes) are interpreted to include / replace any endpoint or any intermediate point in relation to other nodes.

[0058] As such, in some examples of the present disclosure, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the subjects of the operation may be referred to as terminals and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes). In addition, the terms terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node) may also be interpreted / replaced as in the following examples: For example, the terminal (or first node) and the base station (or second node) may respectively correspond to the first endpoint and the second endpoint; may respectively correspond to the endpoint and the intermediate point; may respectively correspond to the intermediate point and the endpoint; or may respectively correspond to the first intermediate point and the second intermediate point.

[0059] In the present disclosure, there may be zero or more intermediate points between the base station and the terminal. If an intermediate point exists, it may correspond to an IAB node / relay / RF repeater / NTN node, or a node supporting other functions. The intermediate point may be a node with a fixed location or a node with an unfixed location.

[0060] Systems applicable to this disclosure

[0061] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0062] The communication system (100) applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device (110), a network device (120), and a network (130). Here, the wireless device (110) refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device (110) may include a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (110c), a hand-held device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (110f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (110g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (110c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (110d) may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance (110e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (110f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. The wireless device (110) may correspond to a terminal (or first node) or an intermediate point.The network device (120) may correspond to a base station (or second node) or another intermediate point. For example, the network device (120) may also be implemented as a wireless device (110), and a specific wireless device (120a) may act as a network device (120) to another wireless device (110).

[0063] Wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to a network (130) via a network device (120). AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices (110a to 110f), and the wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to an AI server (110g) via a network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR), or a 6G network. The wireless devices (110a to 110f) can communicate with each other via the network device (120) / network (130), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the network device (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (110b-1, 110b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Additionally, an IoT device (110f) (e.g., a sensor) can communicate directly with another IoT device (e.g., a sensor) or another wireless device (110a to 110f).

[0064] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (110a to 110f) / network devices (120), network devices (120) / network devices (120). Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between network devices (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), the wireless device and the network device / wireless device, and the network device and the network device can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various descriptions of the present disclosure, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc., may be performed.

[0065] Device applicable to the present disclosure

[0066] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208).

[0068] The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may store software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via at least one antenna (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0069] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, at least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor (202). For example, at least one processor (202) may implement at least one layer (e.g., a functional layer such as physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), radio resource control (RRC), and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP)). At least one processor (202) may generate at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and / or at least one Service Data Unit (SDU) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate a message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) can generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) comprising a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this document, and provide the signal to at least one transceiver (206). At least one processor (202) can receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from at least one transceiver (206) and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0070] At least one processor (202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The at least one processor (202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in the at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the at least one processor (202), or may be stored in at least one memory (204) and executed by the at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0071] At least one memory (204) can be connected to at least one processor (202) and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. The at least one memory (204) can be configured as a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, a hard drive, a register, a cache memory, a computer readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. The at least one memory (204) can be located internally and / or externally to the at least one processor (202). In addition, the at least one memory (204) can be connected to the at least one processor (202) via various technologies such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0072] At least one transceiver (206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver (206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver (206) can be connected to at least one processor (202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, at least one processor (202) can control at least one transceiver (206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to at least one other device. Furthermore, at least one processor (202) can control at least one transceiver (206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from at least one other device. Additionally, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one antenna (208), and at least one transceiver (206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document via at least one antenna (208). In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using at least one processor (202).At least one transceiver (206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by at least one processor (202) from a baseband signal to an RF band signal. For this purpose, at least one transceiver (206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0073] The components of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 may be referred to by different terms in terms of functionality. For example, the processor (202) may be referred to as a control unit, the transceiver (206) as a communication unit, and the memory (204) as a storage unit. In some cases, the communication unit may be used to mean at least a portion of the processor (202) and the transceiver (206).

[0074] The structure of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 can be understood as the structure of at least a portion of various devices. For example, the structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 can be at least a portion of various devices described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR device (110c), a portable device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT device (110f), an AI device / server (110g)). Furthermore, according to various embodiments, in addition to the components illustrated in FIG. 3, the device may further include other components.

[0075] For example, the device may be a portable device such as a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an interface unit that includes at least one port for connection with another device (e.g., an audio input / output port, a video input / output port), and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting image information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user.

[0076] For example, the device may be a mobile device such as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a driving unit including at least one of an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, and a steering unit of the device, a power supply unit including a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. that supplies power, a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, an autonomous driving unit that performs functions such as path maintenance, speed control, and destination setting, and a position measurement unit that obtains location information of the mobile device through a global positioning system (GPS) and various sensors.

[0077] For example, the device may be an XR device such as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an input / output unit that obtains control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs the generated XR object, and a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or the surroundings of the device.

[0078] For example, the device may be a robot that can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. types depending on the purpose or field of use. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a driving unit that performs various physical actions, such as moving the robot joints.

[0079] For example, the device may be an AI device such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a laptop, a digital broadcasting terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of an input unit that acquires various types of data from the outside, an output unit that generates output related to sight, hearing, or touch, a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a training unit that trains a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data.

[0080] The structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 may be understood as a part of a terminal (or first node), or as a part of an intermediate point, or as a part of a base station (or second node). If the device illustrated in FIG. 3 is a base station (or second node), the device may further include a wired transceiver for front haul and / or back haul communications. If the front haul and / or back haul communications are based on wireless communications, at least one transceiver (206) illustrated in FIG. 3 may be used for front haul and / or backhaul communications, and a wired transceiver may not be included.

[0081] Communication procedures

[0082] FIG. 4 exemplarily illustrates a communication procedure between a first node and a second node to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0083] FIG. 4 illustrates operations of a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (120) (e.g., a base station) transmitting and / or receiving data and operations performed prior thereto.

[0084] In step S101, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform synchronization. For example, the terminal (110) performs an initial cell search operation. Specifically, the terminal (110) can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted from the base station (120) according to a predefined rule. Here, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal) classified according to a structure or purpose. Through this, the terminal (110) can confirm the boundaries of the frame, subframe, slot, and / or symbol of the base station (120) and obtain information (e.g., a cell identifier) ​​about the base station (120).

[0085] In step S103, the first node (110) can obtain system information transmitted from the second node (120). For example, the system information is information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the base station (120) required to access the base station (120) and use the service, and can be classified according to the content (e.g., whether it is essential for access), transmission structure (e.g., channel used, whether it is provided in an on-demand manner), etc., and can be classified into, for example, a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). If necessary, the terminal (110) can transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. Such requesting and providing of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0086] In step S105, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform a random access procedure. For example, the terminal (110) can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response (RAR) message, etc.) for a random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the base station (120) obtained through system information (e.g., channel position, channel structure, structure of a supported preamble, etc.). For example, the terminal (110) may transmit a preamble (e.g., message 1 (MSG1)) over a random access channel, receive a random access response (RAR) message (e.g., message 2 (MSG2)), transmit a message (e.g., message 3 (MSG3)) including information related to the terminal (110) (e.g., identification information) using scheduling information included in the RAR message to the base station (120), and receive a message for contention resolution and / or connection establishment (e.g., message 4 (MSG4)). As another example, MSG1 and MSG3 may be transmitted and received as one message (e.g., message A (MSG A)), or MSG2 and MSG4 may be transmitted and received as one message (e.g., message B (MSG B)).

[0087] In step S107, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform signaling of control information. For example, the control information can be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transmission channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and signaling for indicating allocated resources.

[0088] In step S109, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can transmit and / or receive data. For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on information bits. For example, when receiving data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding.

[0089] 6G system core technologies

[0090] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optics (FSO) backhaul network, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0091] artificial intelligence

[0092] Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0093] FIG. 5 illustrates a functional framework for AI operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0094] Below, to explain AI (or AI / ML (machine learning)) in more detail, the terms can be defined as follows.

[0095] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals as a basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0096] - AI model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information and / or decision parameters based on a set of inputs.

[0097] - AI / ML training: An online or offline process of training an AI model by learning features and patterns that best represent the data and obtain a trained AI / ML model for inference.

[0098] - AI / ML inference: The process of making predictions or inducing decisions based on collected data and the AI ​​model using a trained AI model.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 5, the data collection function (10) is a function that collects input data and provides processed input data to the model training function (20) and the model inference function (30).

[0100] Examples of input data may include measurements from terminals or other network entities, feedback from actors, and output from AI models.

[0101] The data collection function (10) performs data preparation based on input data and provides input data processed through the data preparation. Here, the data collection function (10) does not perform data preparation specific to each AI algorithm (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation), but can perform data preparation common to all AI algorithms.

[0102] After the data preparation process is performed, the data collection function (10) may provide training data (11) to the model training function (20) and may provide inference data (12) to the model inference function (30). Here, the training data (11) may correspond to data required as input for the AI ​​model training function (20), and the inference data (12) may correspond to data required as input for the AI ​​model inference function (30).

[0103] The data collection function (10) may be performed by a single entity (e.g., a terminal, a RAN node, a network node, etc.), but may also be performed by multiple entities. In this case, training data (11) and inference data (12) may be provided to the model training function (20) and model inference function (30), respectively, from multiple entities.

[0104] The model training function (20) may correspond to a function that performs AI model training, validation, and testing, which can generate model performance metrics as part of the AI ​​model testing procedure. If necessary, the model training function (20) may also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation, etc.) based on training data (11) provided by the data collection function (10).

[0105] Here, model deployment / update (13) can be used to initially deploy a trained, validated and tested AI model to the model inference function (30) or to provide an updated model to the model inference function (30).

[0106] The model inference function (30) may correspond to a function that provides AI model inference output (16) (e.g., prediction or decision). If applicable, the model inference function (30) may provide model performance feedback (14) to the model training function (20). In addition, the model inference function (30) may also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting and transformation, etc.) based on inference data (12) provided by the data collection function (10), if necessary.

[0107] Here, output (16) refers to the inference output of the AI ​​model generated by the model inference function (30), and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0108] Model performance feedback (14) can be used to monitor the performance of the AI ​​model, if available, and this feedback may be omitted.

[0109] An actor function (40) is a function that receives an output (16) from a model inference function (30) and triggers or performs a corresponding task / action. The actor function (40) can trigger tasks / actions for other entities (e.g., one or more terminals, one or more RAN nodes, one or more network nodes, etc.) or for itself.

[0110] Feedback (15) can be used to derive training data (11), inference data (12), or to monitor the performance of the AI ​​model, its impact on the network, etc.

[0111] Meanwhile, the definitions of training / validation / test in data sets used in AI / ML can be distinguished as follows.

[0112] - Training data: refers to a data set for learning a model.

[0113] - Validation data: This refers to a dataset used to validate a model that has already completed training. Validation data can typically be used to prevent overfitting of the training data set. It can also be used to select the best model among the various models learned during the training process. Therefore, validation can be considered a type of learning.

[0114] - Test data: This refers to the data set for final evaluation. This data is unrelated to learning.

[0115] For example, the training and validation data can be divided into an 8:2 or 7:3 ratio within the entire data set. Alternatively, the training data:validation data:test data can be divided into a 6:2:2 ratio within the entire data set.

[0116] The level of cooperation can be defined as follows depending on whether the base station and the terminal have capabilities for AI / ML functions, and variations due to combination of multiple levels or separation of any one level are also possible.

[0117] Category 0a: This category corresponds to a no-collaboration framework. In this case, AI / ML algorithms are purely implementation-based and may not require any changes to the wireless interface.

[0118] Category 0b: Frameworks that involve a wireless interface modified to fit efficient implementation-based AI / ML algorithms, but without collaboration.

[0119] Category 1: This category applies to cases where inter-node support is required to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. For example, this applies when a terminal receives support from a base station (for training, adaptation, etc.), and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0120] Category 2: This applies to cases where joint ML tasks can be performed between terminals and base stations. This level requires exchange of AI / ML model commands or network nodes.

[0121] The functions exemplified in FIG. 5 above may be implemented in a RAN node (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a CU of a base station, etc.), a network node, an OAM (operation administration maintenance) of a network operator, or a terminal.

[0122] Alternatively, two or more entities, such as a RAN, a network node, a network operator's OAM, or a terminal, may cooperate to implement the functions illustrated in FIG. 5. For example, one entity may perform some of the functions of FIG. 5, and another entity may perform the remaining functions. In this way, since some of the functions illustrated in FIG. 5 are performed by a single entity (e.g., a terminal, a RAN node, a network node, etc.), the transmission / provision of data / information between each function may be omitted. For example, if the model training function (20) and the model inference function (30) are performed by the same entity, the transmission / provision of model deployment / update (13) and model performance feedback (14) may be omitted.

[0123] Alternatively, any one of the functions illustrated in FIG. 5 may be performed collaboratively by two or more entities, including a RAN, a network node, a network operator's OAM, or a terminal. This may be referred to as a split AI operation.

[0124] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0125] For example, the AI ​​model training function may be performed by a network node (e.g., a core network node, an OAM of a network operator, etc.), and the AI ​​model inference function may be performed by a RAN node (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a CU of a base station, etc.).

[0126] Step 1: RAN node 1 and RAN node 2 can transmit input data (e.g., training data) for AI model training to the network node. Here, RAN node 1 and RAN node 2 can also transmit data collected from the terminal (e.g., terminal measurements related to RSRP (reference signal received power), RSRQ (reference signal received quality), SINR (signal to interference-plus-noise ratio) of the serving cell and neighboring cells, terminal location, speed, etc.) to the network node.

[0127] Step 2: Network nodes can train AI models using the received training data.

[0128] Step 3: The network node may distribute / update the AI ​​model to RAN node 1 and / or RAN node 2. RAN node 1 (and / or RAN node 2) may also continue model training based on the received AI model.

[0129] For convenience of explanation, we assume that the AI ​​model is deployed / updated only to RAN node 1.

[0130] Step 4: RAN node 1 can receive input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference from the terminal and RAN node 2.

[0131] Step 5: RAN node 1 can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0132] Step 6: If applicable, RAN node 1 may send model performance feedback to the network nodes.

[0133] Step 7: RAN node 1, RAN node 2, and the terminal (or 'RAN node 1 and the terminal', or 'RAN node 1 and RAN node 2') may perform actions based on the output data. For example, in the case of a load balancing operation, the terminal may move from RAN node 1 to RAN node 2.

[0134] Step 8: RAN node 1 and RAN node 2 can transmit feedback information to the network nodes.

[0135] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0136] For example, both AI model training functions and AI model inference functions can be performed by RAN nodes (e.g., base stations, TRPs, CUs of base stations, etc.).

[0137] Step 1: The terminal and RAN node 2 can transmit input data (e.g., training data) for AI model training to RAN node 1.

[0138] Step 2: RAN node 1 can train an AI model using the received training data.

[0139] Step 3: RAN node 1 can receive input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference from the terminal and RAN node 2.

[0140] Step 4: RAN node 1 can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0141] Step 5: RAN node 1, RAN node 2, and the terminal (or 'RAN node 1 and the terminal', or 'RAN node 1 and RAN node 2') may perform actions based on the output data. For example, in the case of a load balancing operation, the terminal may move from RAN node 1 to RAN node 2.

[0142] Step 6: RAN node 2 may transmit feedback information to RAN node 1.

[0143] FIG. 8 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0144] For example, the AI ​​model training function may be performed by a RAN node (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a CU of a base station, etc.), and the AI ​​model inference function may be performed by a terminal.

[0145] Step 1: The terminal may transmit input data (e.g., training data) for AI model training to the RAN node. Here, the RAN node may collect data (e.g., terminal measurements related to RSRP, RSRQ, SINR of the serving cell and neighboring cells, terminal location, speed, etc.) from various terminals and / or from other RAN nodes.

[0146] Step 2: RAN nodes can train AI models using the received training data.

[0147] Step 3: The RAN node can distribute / update the AI ​​model to the terminal. The terminal can also continue model training based on the received AI model.

[0148] Step 4: Input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference can be received from the terminal and RAN node (and / or from another terminal).

[0149] Step 5: The terminal can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0150] Step 6: If applicable, the terminal may send model performance feedback to the RAN node.

[0151] Step 7: The terminal and RAN node can perform actions based on the output data.

[0152] Step 8: The terminal may transmit feedback information to the RAN node.

[0153] THz communication (terahertz communication)

[0154] Data transmission rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communications with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (the sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase 6G cellular capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0155] FIG. 9 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0156] Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) the high path loss at high frequencies (which necessitates highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0157] Transmitting system information (e.g., MIB) in a cell in the THz frequency band can be inefficient because the beam width in high-frequency bands narrows, requiring more beam sweeps to cover the entire cell area. This method is particularly inefficient when there are only a few users within the cell.

[0158] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a system information transmission / reception procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0159] The example of Fig. 10 is applicable not only to THz communication environments but also to 6G communication environments where THz communication is not applicable. Furthermore, the procedure illustrated in Fig. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below can be performed based on system information acquired through the procedure illustrated in Fig. 10.

[0160] In step S1010, the second node (120) (e.g., base station) can transmit system information of cell #1 via cell #2. For example, the base station provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses a THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one of an SFN (system frame number), a PDCCH configuration for SIB1, cell barring, cell re-selection, and subcarrier spacing generated in a higher layer, and may include at least one of an SFN, a half frame indicator, and an SSB index (synchronization signal / PBCH (physical broadcast channel) block index) generated in a physical layer. For this purpose, as an example, cell #1 and cell #2 may have a relationship of a secondary cell and a primary cell.

[0161] At step S1030, the first node (110) (e.g., terminal) can acquire synchronization for cell #1. Synchronization can be acquired by detecting a synchronization signal. Typically, synchronization is acquired before receiving system information, but since the system information for cell #1 is received from cell #2, synchronization acquisition for cell #1 can be performed after receiving the system information. For example, the terminal can acquire synchronization based on the system information. Alternatively, synchronization acquisition can be performed before step S1010.

[0162] At step S1050, the first node (110) may transmit a signal for accessing cell #1. For example, the signal may include a random access preamble. The structure of this signal and the resources (e.g., channels) for transmitting the signal may be identified through system information. Thereafter, at step S1070, the first node (110) and the second node (120) may perform an access procedure for cell #1 and communicate.

[0163] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 10 may be performed when the first node (110) initially connects to cell #1 of the second node (120). Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the first node (110) hands over to cell #1 of the second node (120). However, in the case of handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a base station other than cell #2 of the second node (120).

[0164] Communications in the THz band are expected to experience extremely severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations may be required to use very sharp beams. The use of sharp beams means that terminals and base stations must perform beam control in addition to beamforming, and the number of beams used increases significantly. Consequently, it takes a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the base station and terminals. Furthermore, if the beam alignment between the base station and terminals is misaligned due to movement or movement of the terminals, frequent re-alignment of the beams may be required, resulting in link instability.

[0165] FIG. 11 exemplarily illustrates a beam management procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0166] Although FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication, this procedure is not limited to a THz environment and can also be applied to a 6G communication environment where THz communication is not applied.

[0167] Here, beam may be interpreted as other terms having equivalent technical meanings that can distinguish beams, such as 'spatial domain filter', 'spatial domain transmit filter', 'spatial domain receive filter', reference signal (RS) resource that distinguishes beams, SSB index, etc.

[0168] In step S1110, the second node (120) (e.g., a base station) may set resources for beam management to the first node (110) (e.g., a terminal). Here, the resources may include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is transmitted spatially separated from an existing downlink signal / channel for beam search. Here, the BSS may be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port may be a different port from a port for transmitting an existing downlink signal / channel (e.g., SSB, PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), etc.). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. For example, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / set for beam search may be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0169] In step S1130, the second node (120) (e.g., base station) transmits measurement signals using a plurality of transmission beams. For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams that require measurement, and may also be transmitted in a multi-beam transmission method that forms a plurality of beams simultaneously to reduce sweeping time. Here, the multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and a true time delay (TTD).

[0170] In step S1050, a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal) may transmit a feedback signal to a second node (120) (e.g., a base station). The feedback signal may indicate at least one beam selected by the terminal. The terminal may select at least one preferred beam based on the measurement signals received in step S1030.

[0171] In step S1070, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform communication. For example, the second node (120) can perform transmission to the first node (110) using the reception beam of the first node (110) selected in step S1050. If channel reciprocity is established, the transmission beam of the first node (110) can also be determined through steps S1030 and S1050, so that the transmission operation from the first node (110) can also be performed using a beam that has a reciprocal relationship with the beam selected in step S1050. If channel reciprocity is not established, a procedure including transmission of measurement signal(s) by the first node (110) and transmission of feedback signal(s) by the second node (120) may be performed first to determine the transmission beam of the first node (110).

[0172] non-terrestrial networks (NTN)

[0173] Figures 12 and 13 illustrate examples of NTN scenarios to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0174] NTN can represent a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform).

[0175] Figure 12 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on transparent payload, and Figure 13 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on regenerative payload.

[0176] Referring to Figure 12, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a terminal. The satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can be connected to a data network via the gateway. The beam footprint can refer to the area where the signal transmitted by the satellite can be received.

[0177] Referring to Figure 13, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a terminal. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a terminal can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the regenerated payload, the satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between the satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required.

[0178] Figures 12 and 13 are only examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement a transparent or regenerative (e.g., with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams across a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) can vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle.

[0179] For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may remain unchanged.

[0180] For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to mounting all or part of a base station function on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0181] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0182] Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (or range) of an object, and thus obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a networked device to connect to the object, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, such as sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

[0183] FIG. 14 illustrates examples of sensing operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0184] Specifically, Fig. 14(a) shows an example of a monostatic sensing operation using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in the same location. Fig. 14(b) shows an example of a bistatic sensing operation using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in separate locations. A sensing signal transmitted from a sensing transmitter is reflected / scattered by a sensing object, and the sensing receiver can receive the signal, and extract / obtain sensing data based on the received signal. A sensing result can be generated / determined through appropriate processing of the sensing data. The sensing result can be provided to a trusted third-party entity / service outside the 3GPP system through an entity / service within the 3GPP system.

[0185] Network Energy Saving (NES)

[0186] Energy conservation at base stations is a key consideration in wireless communication systems, including 3GPP, as it can contribute to building eco-friendly networks by reducing carbon emissions and reducing operational expenditures (OPEX) for telecommunications providers. In particular, the introduction of 5G communications will require higher transmission rates, necessitating base stations to be equipped with more antennas and provide services over wider bandwidths and frequency bands. Consequently, recent studies have shown that base station energy costs have reached as high as 20% of total OPEX. For example, various technologies for reducing energy consumption in 5G wireless communication systems are being discussed under the umbrella term network energy savings (NES).

[0187] Depending on the application of NES technology, the base station can perform operations such as controlling on / off for a certain time duration in the time domain, controlling transmission / reception resources for terminal-common or terminal-specific signals / channels, changing the amount of frequency domain resources, controlling transmission power, or turning on / off an antenna port, transmission-reception point (TRP), etc. in the spatial domain.

[0188] For example, a base station may identify the NES solution(s) to be applied, perform signaling to the NES, and perform actions on the NES.

[0189] NES solution(s) may be related to control of signal transmission and reception (e.g., on / off), beam operation, handover procedures, channel measurement, and reporting. The NES solution(s) to be applied may be adaptively selected or predefined based on current conditions (e.g., cell load level, characteristics of connected terminals, etc.).

[0190] A base station that has identified NES solution(s) performs signaling for the NES. The specific signaling procedure may vary depending on the identified NES solution(s). For example, the base station may transmit common information about the NES solution(s), transmit configuration information necessary for NES operation to at least one terminal, or transmit control information regarding the progress of NES operation to at least one terminal. In addition, the base station may receive capability information related to the NES from at least one terminal.

[0191] Based on the signaled NES-related information, the base station can perform operations for the NES. For example, based on system information, configuration information, and control information transmitted via signaling, the base station can turn on / off transmission and reception of specific signals, turn on / off elements in the spatial domain, or adjust resources for transmission and reception of measurement signals.

[0192] Examples of NES solutions that can be implemented using these procedures include:

[0193] Intra-system energy saving: A RAN node may request a neighboring RAN node to switch at least one SSB beam into its inactive cell, or may perform paging using a limited set of beams to an inactive terminal (e.g., a stationary terminal).

[0194] Inter-system energy savings: NG-RAN nodes that own capacity booster cells can autonomously transition those cells to an inactive state.

[0195] SSB-less cells: If SSB or SSB-based RRM (radio resource management) measurement timing configuration (SMTC) configuration is not provided for a specific cell (e.g., secondary cell (SCell) or primary cell (PCell)), the UE may obtain timing reference and automatic gain control (AGC) source from another serving cell. In frequency range 1 (FR1) or FR2, the base station may configure intra-band carrier aggregation (CA) or inter-band CA including cells without SSB transmission, in which case SSB / SIB transmission may be triggered by a wake up signal (WUS) of the UE. Accordingly, since the period of common channels / signals such as SSB is increased, the base station may stay in sleep state for a longer time.

[0196] Cell DTX (discontinuous transmission) / DRX (discontinuous reception): In order to reduce the downlink transmission / uplink reception activity time of the base station, a periodic cell DTX / DRX pattern (e.g., active and inactive periods) may be commonly configured for terminals within a cell having the feature. Here, the cell DTX pattern and the cell DRX pattern may be configured and activated separately, and up to two cell DTX / DRX patterns may be configured per MAC entity. When cell DTX is configured and activated, at least one of monitoring for a semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) opportunity or monitoring a PDCCH may be suspended during the cell DTX inactivity period. When cell DRX is configured and activated, at least one of transmission on a configured grant (CG) resource or transmission of a scheduling request (SR) may be suspended during the cell DRX inactivity period. Cell DTX / DRX can be activated / deactivated via RRC signaling or L1 (layer 1) group common signaling.

[0197] Parameters such as active duration and cycle may be configured for cell DTX / DRX. Active duration is the period during which the UE receives a PDCCH or SPS opportunity and waits to transmit SR or CG, and cycle may specify the periodic repetition of the active duration and inactive duration. When both cell DTX and cell DRX are configured, parameters such as active duration and cycle may be common. If the base station recognizes an emergency call or a public safety-related service (e.g., multimedia priority service (MPS) or mission critical service (MCS)), the network may release or deactivate the cell DTX / DRX configuration so as not to affect the service. In addition, at least some overlap may be required between the active period of the connected mode DRX of the UE and the active period of the cell DTX / DRX. For example, the connected mode DRX cycle of the UE may be a multiple of the cell DTX / DRX cycle, or vice versa.

[0198] Conditional handover (CHO): A CHO procedure performed in a manner in which the execution of a handover is determined by the UE may be used while NES technology is applied (e.g., when the cell activates or deactivates cell DTX / DRX). In this case, the UE may use an NES-specific CHO event to initiate CHO to a candidate cell, and reception of a DCI activating the CHO condition(s) set by the NES event indication may be applied as an additional triggering condition for this.

[0199] Spatial and Power Domain Adaptation: To support the base station for transceiver muting and / or transmit power adaptation, the UE may be configured to report multiple CSI quantities in a CSI report based on multiple sub-configurations. Each sub-configuration corresponds to a spatial domain adaptation pattern (e.g., a subset of available spatial elements) and / or a power offset between a data channel (e.g., PDSCH) and CSI-RS. Depending on the application of the spatial and power domain adaptation solution, the CSI configuration, measurement, and / or reporting behavior may be affected.

[0200] Cell DTX / DRX

[0201] To enable base stations to operate in sleep mode for relatively long periods of time without frequent wake-ups, base station DTX / DRX has been introduced for NES purposes. The base station can reduce energy consumption by utilizing DTX transmission under low system load conditions by configuring cell DTX and setting the on-duration of terminals' C-DRX within the active period of the cell DTX.

[0202] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of cell DTX / DRX operation to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0203] A second node (120) (e.g., a base station) can transmit system information to a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal). Accordingly, the first node (110) can check information related to the cell DTX / DRX of the second node (120).

[0204] For example, system information may include MIB, SIB1, etc. In relation to NES technology, MIB may include information related to cell barring (e.g., cellBarred), and SIB1 may include information related to cell barring state (e.g., cellBarredNES). For example, if cellBarred included in MIB is set to a value indicating that it is not barred (e.g., notBarred), a terminal may determine that the cell is not barred, regardless of whether it supports NES cell DTX / DRX. For example, if cellBarred included in received MIB is set to a value indicating that the cell is barred (e.g., barred), a terminal that does not support NES cell DTX / DRX may determine that the cell is barred.

[0205] For example, if a terminal has a capability to support NES cell DTX / DRX, the terminal can check SIB1 to determine a cell barring status. For example, if cellBarred of MIB is set to barred and cellBarredNES is absent in SIB1, a terminal supporting NES cell DTX / DRX can treat the cell as barred and perform cell reselection to another cell. For example, if cellBarred of MIB is set to barred and cellBarredNES is included in SIB1, a terminal supporting NES cell DTX / DRX can determine that the cell is not barred.

[0206] In the example of FIG. 15, it is assumed that the terminal has the capability to support NES cell DTX / DRX, and cellBarred of MIB is set to notBarred, or cellBarred of MIB is set to barred and SIB1 includes cellBarredNES. Accordingly, the terminal can perform a random access procedure to connect to the base station, and then perform communication. For example, the base station can perform a cell DTX / DRX operation, and transmit configuration information related to the cell DTX / DRX operation to the terminal. The configuration information related to the cell DTX / DRX operation (e.g., CellDTXDRX-Config) includes at least one parameter related to the cell DTX / DRX, and may include, for example, at least one of an on-duration timer, a cycle start offset, a slot offset, a configuration type (e.g., DTX, DRX, or DTX-DRX), and an activation state of the DTX / DRX (e.g., active, inactive). Additionally, the configuration information may further include information for receiving and interpreting cell DRX / DRX-related control information (e.g., cellDTRX-RNTI included in physicalCellGroupConfig, DCI-related information such as the size of DCI format 2_9, etc.).

[0207] Thereafter, the base station can transmit control information related to cell DTX / DRX to the terminal. The control information related to cell DTX / DRX can include DCI having a designated format (e.g., DCI format 2_9). If an operation for a serving cell according to at least one of a cell DTX operation and a cell DRX operation is configured by configuration information (e.g., cellDTXDRX-Config included in secvingcell-config), the terminal can check a set of search spaces (e.g., a Type3-PDCCH CSS set) for monitoring a PDCCH conveying control information of a designated format during an active time through a higher layer parameter (e.g., SearchSpace included in PDCCH-Config), and can obtain a location of information about the serving cell within the control information through a higher layer parameter (e.g., positionInDCI-cellDTRX included in SecvingCell-config). Then, the terminal can obtain control information based on the identified set of search spaces and the location.

[0208] Control information related to cell DTX / DRX may be used to indicate activation or deactivation of cell DTX and / or cell DRX, and / or to provide NES-mode indicators (e.g., NES-specific CHO execution conditions, etc.), and may include, for example, at least one block including a cell DTX / DRX indicator and an NES-mode indicator. In this case, when the serving cell is configured as a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier, the indication of activation or deactivation of cell DRX by the cell DTX / DRX indicator may be applied to both the uplink (UL) carrier and the SUL carrier.

[0209] After that, the terminal and the base station can perform communication based on the cell DTX / DRX. Specifically, the base station can turn on / off the transmission and reception of signals according to the settings related to the cell DTX / DRX, so that the terminal can selectively monitor the signal from the base station. During the DTX-OFF duration, the base station can enter a sleep mode to reduce energy consumption. For example, the base station DTX cycle can be aligned with the cycle of the terminal DRX. The base station DTX-ON duration can completely cover the DRX-ON duration of the terminal. Furthermore, the base station can align the transmission on Xn (base station-to-base station interface) / NG (interface between 5G RAN and 5G core network) and the transmission on Uu (interface between terminal and network) for NES purposes. The DTX / DRX mechanism triggers switching of reference signal resource sets, and the base station can perform a dormancy-like behavior of rarely or not transmitting SSB, SIB, and CSI-RS to reduce energy consumption. The terminal can rarely or not receive downlink signals / channels depending on the configuration of the base station. Once the base station DTX / DRX operation is triggered, the terminal can discontinuously receive the corresponding CSI-RS, SSB, or PDCCH during the DTX / DRX OFF duration.

[0210] SSB-less cells

[0211] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of carrier aggregation (CA) operation including an SSB-less cell to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0212] In the example of Figure 16, it is assumed that the SSB-less cell is an SCell in the CA, but the SSB-less cell may also be a PCell in the CA.

[0213] A second node (120) (e.g., a base station) can transmit configuration information for an SCell to a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal). For example, the base station can transmit configuration information for CA to provide a service to the terminal through a CA operation. Here, the CA operation may be an intra-band CA or an inter-band CA. For example, the configuration information for an SCell may include information (e.g., sCellToAddModList) including information for adding an SCell, and specifically, may include a cell index, a physical cell identifier, information related to DL-UL configuration, information related to BWP, information related to cell DTX / DRX, information related to downlink frequency (e.g., FrequencyInfoDL), etc. Accordingly, the terminal can determine the configuration for the CA operation and perform communication using the PCell and SCell of the base station.

[0214] For example, the terminal can determine that the SCell is an SSB-less SCell based on information related to the downlink frequency included in the configuration information, and can check related parameters. For example, the terminal can determine that the SCell is an SSB-less SCell by checking the presence of a parameter indicating that the SCell is an SSB-less SCell (e.g., SSBlessSCell), and can check the timing reference and AGC source for the SCell based on information about the reference cell (e.g., referenceCell). In the example of Fig. 16, the reference cell can be the PCell. Therefore, the terminal can use the PCell as a timing reference and AGC source for communication in the SCell. For example, the reference of the SSB-less cell can be (another) cell, TRP, CORESET pool (control resource set pool), (additional) PCI (physical cell ID), etc.

[0215] Conditional Handover (CHO)

[0216] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a conditional handover operation to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0217] The order of the operations illustrated in Fig. 17 may vary depending on the case.

[0218] A second node (120) (e.g., a base station) can transmit configuration information for CHO to a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal). The configuration information for CHO can include information related to conditional reconfiguration (e.g., ConditionalReconfiguration, CondReconfigToAddModList), information related to configuration for reporting (e.g., ReportConfigNR). For example, the information related to configuration for reporting can include information related to events related to reporting, identifiers of the events (e.g., condEventId), information indicating whether it is a NES-specific CHO event (e.g., nesEvent), etc. In the example of FIG. 17, it is assumed that event information indicating that it is a NES-specific CHO event is received.

[0219] A base station may transmit information for enabling an NES-specific CHO execution condition to a terminal. The information for enabling the NES-specific CHO execution condition may be transmitted via control information of a specified format (e.g., DCI format 2_9). The information for enabling the NES-specific CHO execution condition may be referred to as an NES-mode indicator, and may be, for example, 1-bit information that indicates enabling the NES-specific CHO execution condition when a related upper layer parameter (e.g., nesEvent) is set and a serving cell of a related block in the DCI is a primary cell.

[0220] Afterwards, the terminal can perform measurements and transmit a measurement report to the base station. The base station can determine a CHO based on the measurement report and perform signaling for a handover request with the adjacent / neighboring base station(s) indicated by the measurement report. The base station can determine the adjacent base station(s) that have confirmed admission through signaling as candidate base station(s) and transmit information about the candidate base station(s) to the terminal. Accordingly, the terminal can evaluate the CHO execution conditions for the candidate base station(s). Based on the evaluation result, if a candidate cell satisfying the conditions is determined, the terminal can perform detachment for the old cell and synchronization for the new cell.

[0221] For example, based on event information indicating that the event is an NES-specific CHO event received by the terminal in the previous procedure and information enabling an NES-specific CHO execution condition, the terminal can determine whether the event is satisfied. For example, if an NES-mode indicator is received through a lower layer and conditional triggering configuration information (e.g., condTriggerConfig) includes information indicating that the event is an NES-specific CHO event (e.g., nesEvent), the terminal can determine that the event associated with the corresponding measurement identifier (e.g., measId) is satisfied, and thus, determine that the CHO execution condition is satisfied.

[0222] Channel State Information (CSI) Measurement and Reporting

[0223] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a procedure for CSI measurement and reporting to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0224] A second node (120) (e.g., a base station) can transmit configuration information for CSI to a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal). The configuration information for CSI can include information related to a reference signal (e.g., a CSI-RS) resource or a resource set for CSI (e.g., time-frequency resource information, sequence information, power information, etc.), information related to CSI reporting (e.g., report item (quantity) information, report type information, report resource information, codebook information, etc.), information related to CSI measurement, etc.

[0225] For example, to assist the base station with transceiver muting and / or transmit power adaptation of the base station, the terminal may be configured to report multiple CSI entries in a CSI report based on multiple sub-configurations. For example, each sub-configuration may correspond to a spatial domain adaptation pattern (e.g., a subset of available spatial elements) and / or a power offset. With respect to CSI reporting, a higher layer parameter included in the configuration information (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) may include a list of sub-configurations, and each sub-configuration may be identified by an identifier (e.g., csi-ReportSubConfigID). For example, each sub-configuration may correspond to a list of at least one CSI-RS resource, or may correspond to a subset of CSI-RS antenna ports, and / or may correspond to power-related parameters of the CSI-RS resource(s) (e.g., power control offset-related parameters (e.g., powerControlOffset) and / or power offset for a PDSCH associated with the CSI-RS).

[0226] For example, an information element (IE) for an aperiodic trigger state list for CSI may include a trigger list parameter for a CSI reporting sub-configuration. This parameter may include a list of sub-configuration ID(s) of N sub-configuration(s) among L configured sub-configurations within a CSI reporting configuration that are associated with triggering states for aperiodic CSI reporting on an uplink data channel (e.g., a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)).

[0227] For example, an IE for a CSI reporting configuration may include parameters for a list of CSI reporting sub-configuration ID(s) to be added / modified or released. Port subset indicators and a list of non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources may not be configured simultaneously in the same CSI reporting configuration.

[0228] For example, an IE for a CSI reporting sub-configuration may include a port-subset indicator parameter, an NZP CSI-RS resource list parameter, and a power offset parameter.

[0229] The port-subset indicator parameter may indicate the number of ports of the NZP CSI-RS resources indicated in the NZP CSI-RS resource list (the value of which is equal to the number of ports of the corresponding NZP CSI-RS resources) and the (sub)set of CSI-RS antenna ports used for CSI calculation of the sub-configuration. Each bit in the bit string of the port-subset indicator corresponds to an antenna port, and if any bit is set to 1, the corresponding port may be enabled for CSI calculation corresponding to the sub-configuration, and if any bit is set to 0, the corresponding port may not be enabled for CSI calculation corresponding to the sub-configuration.

[0230] The NZP CSI-RS resource list parameter may indicate a list of NZP CSI-RS resources for a sub-configuration, which is a (sub)set of NZP CSI-RS resource(s) of a CSI-RS resource set for channel measurements associated with a sub-configuration of a CSI reporting configuration. The values ​​0, 1, 2, ... may mean the first, second, third, ... NZP CSI-RS resource of the CSI-RS resource set.

[0231] When the power offset parameter is set for an NZP CSI-RS resource, it may indicate that a power offset is applied between a PDSCH RE (resource element) and an NZP CSI-RS RE by the difference in the value of the power offset parameter from the value of the power control offset parameter.

[0232] When a configuration for CSI includes multiple sub-configurations, when interpreting the configuration information for CSI, the terminal may determine CSI-RS resources, CSI-RS port mapping, power offset, codebook type, report items, etc. by considering the sub-configurations. When configuration information related to CSI reporting including sub-configurations (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) is provided to the terminal, the terminal may not expect that a higher layer parameter related to a report item (e.g., reportQuantity) is set to 'cri-RSRP', 'cri-SINR', 'cri-SINR-Index', 'cri-RSRP-Index', 'none', 'ssb-Index-RSRP', 'ssb-Index-SINR', 'ssb-Index-RSRP-Index', 'ssb-Index-SINR-Index' or 'tdcp' (wherein CRI corresponds to a CSI-RS resource index, and tdcp corresponds to time domain channel properties). Additionally, when the type of CSI reporting is set to semi-persistent CSI reporting or aperiodic CSI reporting, the base station can activate / trigger only some of the sub-configurations configured for the UE through MAC-CE (control element) or DCI (downlink control information). For example, the trigger state of aperiodic CSI reporting can be configured as needed, and whether semi-static CSI reporting is activated can be controlled by an activation command.

[0233] For example, with respect to the configuration of a report quantity, the terminal may determine the CSI-RS port index(es) for each CSI-RS resource based on information related to a port subset per sub-configuration (hereinafter referred to as a "port subset indicator"). The port subset indicator may include a bitmap for specifying some of the antenna ports for the corresponding CSI-RS resource. Accordingly, the terminal may identify at least one antenna port for the corresponding sub-configuration based on the positions of bits set to positive values ​​(e.g., 1) in the port subset indicator.

[0234] For example, with respect to the configuration of report items (report quantity), the terminal may determine the codebook type based on the presence or absence of sub-configurations. Specifically, if sub-configurations are configured for CSI reporting, the terminal may exclude the configuration of at least one codebook type. For example, if the terminal's capabilities support it, at least one codebook type may be configured.

[0235] For example, in relation to the configuration of the report quantity, a power offset value and an NZP CSI-RS resource set may be configured for each sub-configuration. For example, depending on whether a power offset value is configured for each sub-configuration and whether an NZP CSI-RS resource set is configured, the interpretation of the NZP CSI-RS resource set for each sub-configuration may vary.

[0236] When determining the channel quality indicator (CQI), a higher-layer parameter related to time restrictions for channel measurements (e.g., timeRestrictionForChannelMeasurements) may be configured. In this case, the terminal can derive a channel estimate for determining CSI based on the most recent CSI reference resource. For example, if cell DTX is activated for the base station, the cell DTX activation time, etc., may be considered to determine the CSI reference resource, etc.

[0237] CSI is derived based on CSI reference resources. A CSI reference resource is defined as a group of downlink physical resource blocks corresponding to a band related to the CSI derived in the frequency domain, and is defined as a single downlink slot determined based on higher-layer parameters and subcarrier spacing in the time domain. After receiving a CSI-RS, a UE can transmit a CSI report no later than the CSI reference resource. For example, if sub-configurations are configured for a CSI report, a CSI reference resource may be considered for each sub-configuration.

[0238] When at least one of a CQI index, a precoding matrix index (PMI), and a rank indicator (RI) is set to be reported, in the CSI reference resource, the terminal may assume specific values ​​for the symbol positions and number occupied by control signaling, the number of PDSCH and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbols, the subcarrier spacing of the bandwidth part (BWP), the bandwidth for CQI reporting, the length and subcarrier spacing of the cyclic prefix (CP) of the reference resource, and the redundancy version (RV), for the purpose of deriving at least one of the CQI index, PMI, and RI. At this time, when sub-configurations are set for the CSI reporting, assumptions about the antenna port, EPRE (energy per resource element), etc. may be determined based on the sub-configurations.

[0239] Based on the aforementioned configuration, the base station can transmit at least one CSI-RS to the terminal. Based on the aforementioned configuration, the terminal can receive at least one CSI-RS and perform measurement on it. For example, the at least one CSI-RS can be transmitted via a CSI-RS resource or resource set configured by the configuration information.

[0240] When the terminal is set to DRX (discontinuous reception), the terminal can perform measurements as follows. For example, when the terminal is set to monitor power saving related control information (e.g., DCI format 2_6) and the DRX related timer (e.g., drx-onDurationTimer) has not been started by a higher layer parameter (e.g., ps-TransmitOtherPeriodicCSI), and is set to report CSI using a reporting configuration type set to periodic reporting and a reporting item set to an item other than cri-RSRP and ssb-index-RSRP, the most recent CSI measurement opportunity occurs during the time indicated by drx-onDurationTimer in the DRX related configuration information (e.g., DRX-Config) other than the DRX active time or the DRX active time for the CSI to be reported. As another example, if the terminal is configured to monitor power saving related control information (e.g., DCI format 2_6) and is configured to report L1-RSRP using a report configuration type set to periodic reporting and a report item set to cri-RSRP in a situation where drx-onDurationTimer has not started by a higher layer parameter (e.g., ps-TransmitPeriodicL1-RSRP), the most recent CSI measurement opportunity occurs during a time indicated by drx-onDurationTimer in DRX-related configuration information (e.g., DRX-Config) other than the DRX active time or the DRX active time for the CSI to be reported. In addition, the most recent CSI measurement opportunity occurs within the DRX active time for the CSI to be reported.

[0241] A base station may perform cell DTX and / or cell DRX operations. In this case, during the inactive period of cell DTX, a terminal configured as cell DTX may not expect to receive periodic CSI-RS and semi-static CSI-RS, at least as configured in a CSI reporting configuration associated with a report item including RI. When cell DTX is activated for a serving cell, the most recent CSI measurement opportunity of a semi-static CSI-RS resource or a periodic CSI-RS resource may occur within the active periods of cell DTX for CSI reporting, at least as configured by configuration information (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) related to CSI reporting associated with a report item including RI.

[0242] A terminal that receives at least one CSI-RS can determine CSI. For example, the terminal can perform CSI calculations. The terminal can perform CSI calculations based on CSI processing criteria. The terminal can indicate the number of supported concurrent CSI calculations, for example, the number of CSI processing units (CPUs) that can be performed simultaneously, called NCPUs. The terminal can determine the number of CPUs for a given CSI report based on at least one of the NCPUs, the number of CPUs for each CSI report, the number of CPUs currently occupied, and the settings of the report items. For example, for configuration information (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) related to CSI reporting that includes a report item parameter (e.g., reportQuantity) that is not set to 'none', the CPU(s) may be occupied for at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, wherein the number of at least one symbol may be determined based on CSI-RS resources or CSI-IM (interference measurement) resources associated with the sub-configurations.

[0243] When configuration information related to CSI reporting (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) includes multiple sub-configurations, the number of CPUs occupied by the CSI report may be determined based on the number of CSI-RS resources corresponding to the sub-configurations. For example, the number of CSI-RS resources may be determined based on the number of times they are referred in the configuration information related to CSI reporting (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) or the number of sub-configurations referencing the corresponding CSI-RS resources.

[0244] A terminal that has determined CSI can transmit a CSI report to a base station. The terminal can transmit CSI(s) for at least one sub-configuration according to a report item parameter (e.g., reportQuantity) configured for configuration information related to the CSI report (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig). For example, the CSI report can include at least one of PMI, CQI, RI, CRI, SSBRI (SSB resource index), LI (layer indicator), and RSRP. In this case, the CSI report can include a Part 1 CSI report and a Part 2 CSI report. In addition, the CSI report can be transmitted via at least one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a PUSCH.

[0245] When a terminal multiplexes a CSI report including a Part 2 CSI report on a PUCCH resource, the terminal determines the number of PUCCH resources and physical resource blocks (PRBs) for the PUCCH resource or the number of Part 2 CSI reports, assuming that each CSI report or each CSI sub-report included in the CSI report indicates rank 1 or the rank combination {1, 1}. When a higher layer parameter related to the CSI reporting mode (e.g., csi-ReportMode) is set to 'Mode2', the terminal determines the PUCCH resource and the number of PRBs for the PUCCH resource or the number of Part 2 CSI reports, assuming that each CRI of the CSI report is associated with a resource pair.

[0246] When a CSI report on PUSCH includes two parts, the UE may omit some of the Part 2 CSI. The omission of Part 2 CSI is in priority order. When omitting Part 2 CSI information for a particular priority level, the UE shall exclude all information for that priority level, except when the corresponding CSI report includes at least one CSI sub-report including Part 2, which corresponds to a sub-configuration from a list of sub-configurations provided by a higher layer parameter (e.g., csi-ReportSubConfigList) included in information related to the CSI report (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig).

[0247] For a report configuration related to information related to a CSI report (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) that includes a list of sub-configurations, the following processing is possible: For a corresponding CSI report that includes at least one CSI sub-report, omission of Part 2 CSI is performed at the sub-configuration level within the same priority level, where a sub-configuration with a lower index value has a higher priority.

[0248] If a CSI report consists of two parts, a UE may omit some of the Part 2 CSI. The omission of Part 2 CSI is based on a priority order. For a report configuration related to information related to a CSI report (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) that includes a list of sub-configurations, for a given CSI report that includes at least one CSI sub-report, the omission of Part 2 CSI may be applied according to the CSI reporting procedure using PUSCH. Part 2 CSI may be omitted starting from the lowest priority level up to the Part 2 CSI coding rate that is less than or equal to the coding rate set by the higher layer parameter (e.g., maxCodeRate).

[0249] Additionally, if the CQI request (or CSI request) field in the DCI triggers CSI report(s) on the PUSCH, the first uplink symbol carrying the CSI report(s) may not precede a symbol specified after a certain interval from the last symbol of the PDCCH carrying the corresponding DCI. Accordingly, the CSI calculation time may be guaranteed. For example, if multiple sub-configurations are configured for the CSI report, the starting position of the aforementioned certain interval may be determined based on all triggered sub-configurations.

[0250] CSI is transmitted via PUCCH or PUSCH and can be expressed as a bit string of a fixed size. When CSI is transmitted via PUCCH, if a parameter (e.g., csi-ReportSubConfig) indicating sub-configuration-specific settings for CSI reports is configured, the mapping order of CSI fields for each CSI sub-report can be applied according to predefined rules.

[0251] When CSI is transmitted via PUSCH, if a parameter indicating sub-configuration-specific configuration for CSI reporting (e.g., csi-ReportSubConfig) is set, for each CSI sub-report, the mapping order of CSI fields can be applied according to a predefined rule.

[0252] Some or all of the examples of FIGS. 1 to 18 described above may be combined with some or all of the examples of the present disclosure described below, and such combined examples are included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0253] On-demand SSB transmission and reception procedures

[0254] In basic communication systems, base stations were defined to periodically transmit SSB for purposes such as time / frequency synchronization and / or radio resource management (RRM). In other words, base stations were defined to transmit SSB even when there was no data to transmit or receive, resulting in unnecessary energy consumption.

[0255] Accordingly, the base station can reduce energy consumption by transmitting SSB to the terminal on a specific cell according to the on-demand SSB procedure and not transmitting SSB to the terminal in a specific cell when the on-demand SSB procedure is not applied. In other words, the base station can reduce energy consumption by performing SSB transmission only when the on-demand SSB procedure is applied / accompanied.

[0256] The on-demand SSB process can be triggered based on at least one of the following actions:

[0257] 1) An operation in which a terminal transmits a request for SSB transmission to a base station through an uplink signal / channel (e.g., PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, etc.).

[0258] 2) An action whereby base station #1 (or TRP #1) requests SSB transmission to base station #2 (or TRP #2) through an interface between base stations (e.g., Xn interface, etc.) or backhaul signaling, etc.

[0259] 3) An action in which the base station signals whether to transmit SSB for the corresponding SCell by transmitting SCell activation / deactivation signaling to the terminal.

[0260] The on-demand SSB operation (on PCell and / or SCell) and related information described below can be applied not only to terminals in connected mode, but also to terminals in inactive (or idle) mode or terminals performing initial connection. In other words, the on-demand SSB operation (on PCell and / or SCell) can be applied not only to terminals in basic wireless communication systems but also to terminals in next-generation communication systems.

[0261] Additionally, the on-demand SSB operation applied to carrier aggregation (CA) that includes the SCell can also be applied to intra-band CA or inter-band CAD. The SSB transmitted on the SCell via the on-demand SSB process can be used at least for time / frequency synchronization, L1 / L3 measurements, and SCell activation procedures.

[0262] On-demand system information (e.g., SIB1) transmission procedure

[0263] In basic wireless communication systems, for initial connection or idle mode terminals to access a cell, the terminal is required to periodically transmit system information (e.g., SIB1) containing system information, random access information, etc. to the terminal. In other words, the base station is required to transmit system information even when there is no data to transmit or receive, which leads to the problem of unnecessary energy consumption.

[0264] Accordingly, the base station can reduce energy consumption of the base station by transmitting SIB1 for a specific cell to the terminal through the on-demand SIB1 process and not transmitting SIB1 for a specific cell to the terminal when the on-demand SIB1 process is not applied.

[0265] As an example of the present disclosure, a terminal may trigger SIB1 transmission of a base station by transmitting an uplink signal / channel (e.g., PRACH, etc.) to the base station, and at least one of the scenarios described below may be applied.

[0266] Scenario 1: As illustrated in (a) of FIG. 19, the UE may recognize that SIB1 is not transmitted in cell #1 by receiving an SSB (and / or other downlink signal channel) from the base station in cell #1. The UE may trigger SIB1 transmission by transmitting a signal requesting SIB1 to the base station based on information provided via the SSB (and / or other downlink signal / channel) and / or predetermined information. In describing the present disclosure, the signal requesting SIB1 may be collectively referred to as a WUS (wake-up signal), but is not limited thereto. The base station receiving the WUS may transmit a specific DL signal / channel (e.g., an ACK signal) to the UE on cell #1 in response to the WUS. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may transmit SIB1 to the UE on cell #1 (without a specific DL signal / channel) in response to the WUS.

[0267] Scenario #2: As illustrated in (b) of FIG. 19, the UE may recognize that SIB1 is not transmitted in cell #2 by receiving an SSB (and / or other downlink signaling channel such as SIB1) from the base station in cell #1. The UE may attempt to camp on cell #2. The UE may trigger SIB1 transmission for cell #2 by transmitting a signal (e.g., WUS) requesting SIB1 to the base station on cell #1 based on information provided through the received SSB (and / or other downlink signaling / channel such as SIB1) and / or predetermined information. The base station receiving the WUS may transmit a specific DL signal / channel to the UE (on cell #1 or cell #2) in response to the WUS. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may transmit SIB1 for cell #2 to the UE on cell #1 or cell #2 (without the specific DL signal / channel) in response to the WUS.

[0268] Scenario #3: As illustrated in (c) of FIG. 19, the UE may recognize that SIB1 is not transmitted in cell #2 by receiving an SSB (and / or other downlink signaling channel such as SIB1) from the base station in cell #1. The UE may attempt to camp on cell #2. The UE may trigger SIB1 transmission for cell #2 by transmitting a signal (e.g., WUS) requesting SIB1 to the base station on cell #2 based on information provided through the received SSB (and / or other downlink signaling / channel such as SIB1) and / or predetermined information. The base station receiving the WUS may transmit a specific DL signal / channel to the UE (on cell #1 or cell #2) in response to the WUS. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may transmit SIB1 for cell #2 to the UE on cell #1 or cell #2 (without the specific DL signal / channel) in response to the WUS.

[0269] Adaptation of common signal / channel transmission

[0270] When a common signal / channel is transmitted using the on-demand SSB transmission method, the energy consumption of the base station can be significantly reduced. For example, the base station can transmit SSB on specific cells where the on-demand SSB process is applied, and not transmit SSB on cells where the on-demand SSB process is not applied. In other words, the base station can initially not perform SSB transmission and only perform SSB transmission when the on-demand SSB process is involved.

[0271] However, if SSB, which performs functions such as time / frequency synchronization or RRM measurement, is not transmitted, stable operation of the cell may not be guaranteed from the perspective of the terminal. Considering this, the base station can adjust the transmission of common signals / channels such as SSB, PRACH, and paging. For example, the energy consumption of the base station can be reduced by changing the transmission pattern of SSB (e.g., transmission period, period per SSB candidate index(es), SSB candidate index(es) transmitted within one transmission period, transmission power, etc.) according to the situation.

[0272] For example, in the case of contention-based random access, since the base station does not know the PRACH transmission timing of the terminal, it may attempt to use the PRACH resources from the configured PRACH resources every time, which may increase energy consumption. Considering this, a method for adjusting the amount of PRACH resources can be applied, thereby controlling the energy of the base station. For example, the period of the PRACH resources can be adjusted, the set to be activated among the preset PRACH resource sets #1 and #2 can be indicated, or the amount of RACH resources corresponding to each SSB index can be provided uniformly or non-uniformly.

[0273] How to transmit SSB in carrier aggregation (CA) mode

[0274] Energy consumption can be reduced by reducing the number of transmissions per unit time interval of always-on SSB, which is transmitted at long intervals from a SCell (secondary cell) configured according to CA conditions. Always-on SSB can help idle UEs perform cell / SSB search operations through SMTC (SS / PBCH block measurement timing configuration). However, if the cycle of always-on SSB transmission is relatively long during the SCell activation process, problems may arise in rapid SCell activation.

[0275] SSB can be used to identify / acquire synchronization information of a specific cell / BWP / carrier, or to measure the reception level of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) or Reference Signals Received Power (RSRP). SSB can include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) (e.g., broadcast information of a master information block (MIB)), and can be transmitted periodically.

[0276] The transmission period of SSB can be set to one of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, or 160 ms via SIB or RRC signaling. The network (e.g., base station) can periodically (or uniformly) transmit SSB to all terminals based on the set period. After receiving SSB from the base station according to the set period, the terminal can receive system information (e.g., SIB) from the base station. In addition, the terminal can perform paging, RACH procedure, measurement operation for the serving cell, or neighboring cells.

[0277] SSB can be transmitted not only once per set period, but once per beam direction per period. Two beam direction transmissions can be performed per slot, and up to 64 transmissions can be performed in a single beam direction, depending on the frequency. One transmission can be performed per period in a preset beam direction.

[0278] The present disclosure describes a method for receiving SSB in an RRC idle state and a method for receiving SSB in an RRC connected state when an SCell activation process is performed. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a procedure according to the SSB transmission cycle in a CA situation where an SCell is added.

[0279] For example, the SSB transmission cycles of each SCell and PCell can be fixed once determined. However, for NES cells, the transmission cycle of the always-on SSB can be set to a large value to conserve energy. For SCells that transmit SSB at a fixed frequency, shorter SSB transmission cycles may be required during measurement and / or deactivation in NES situations.

[0280] In describing the present disclosure, an SSB (long-duration) that is always transmitted may be referred to as an always-on SSB, and an SSB that is transmitted for a specific purpose may be referred to as an on-demand SSB. For example, but not limited to, an always-on SSB may not be transmitted on an SCell where an on-demand SSB operates.

[0281] For example, the network may trigger on-demand SSB transmission to a terminal for a specific purpose during a specific configuration or signaling process, and the terminal may also trigger on-demand SSB transmission to the base station according to its own needs.

[0282] If the NES cell is an SCell, the SSB transmission cycle may be set / operated / defined differently depending on a separate scenario. In describing the present disclosure, the index of a scenario related to the status of an SCell is defined as Sn, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 0. The scenarios related to the status of an SCell are as shown in Table 1.

[0283] Scenario Index Description 0S0 State before a specific cell is added as an SCell by RRC (e.g., a specific cell is a neighboring cell) 1S1 State in which an SCell is added by RRC and is deactivated 2S2 State in which an SCell activation command is transmitted through MAC CE, and the SCell is being activated 3S3 State in which the SCell activation is complete

[0284] In NES cells, SSB can be divided into always-on SSB and on-demand SSB. For example, when S0 is applied, since a specific UE does not recognize a SCell as a serving cell, there may be no operation for on-demand SSB. After the UE receives a message to add an SCell via RRC signaling, serving cell-related operations from the SCell's perspective can be performed. Before a specific SCell is recognized as a serving cell, SSB can be transmitted and received at a transmission cycle configured / defined for always-on SSB. If an SCell is completely co-located with a PCell or a specific reference cell / BWP / carrier, there may be no SSB transmission in S0. In this case, the base station can configure and operate an SSB-less SCell that does not transmit SSB in S0. That is, when the SCell is fully co-located with the PCell or a specific reference cell / BWP / carrier, terminal capabilities related to SSB transmission and / or operation of an SSB-less cell can be transmitted from the terminal to the base station.

[0285] As an example of the present disclosure, the cycle of SSB transmission may be changed according to the Sn cycle, and the base station may transmit information indicating the SSB transmission cycle for each Sn cycle to the terminal. However, this is only one embodiment, and the base station may transmit information related to the SSB transmission cycle to the terminal according to various embodiments regardless of the Sn cycle.

[0286] FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0287] The terminal can receive first configuration information including at least one parameter related to an on-demand synchronization signal / physical block channel block (SSB) operation from the base station (S2010).

[0288] Here, each of at least one (candidate) parameter (or multiple candidate values) may include at least one of i) a transmission period of at least one on-demand SSB, ii) a number of transmissions of at least one on-demand SSB, or iii) a size value of a time period (or time window) during which transmission of at least one on-demand SSB may be performed. Here, at least one parameter may be expressed as at least one candidate parameter, a candidate set, or a candidate list.

[0289] An index may be mapped for at least one parameter, and each parameter may include a parameter set comprising at least one of i) a transmission period of at least one on-demand SSB, ii) a number of transmissions of at least one on-demand SSB, or iii) a time period during which transmission of at least one on-demand SSB may be performed.

[0290] Additionally or alternatively, the terminal may receive second configuration information from the base station, which includes indices of each of the plurality of always-on SSBs. For example, the second configuration information may include spatial parameter information of each of the plurality of always-on SSBs.

[0291] Additionally or alternatively, the terminal may receive third configuration information related to at least one secondary cell from the base station. That is, a CA including at least one SCell may be configured for the terminal based on the third configuration information. For example, the third configuration information may include at least one of the status (e.g., activation status, etc.) and / or index of each of the at least one SCell, and the period and offset of at least one always-on SSB associated with each of the at least one SCell.

[0292] The first configuration information, the second configuration information, and the third configuration information may each be transmitted to the terminal via separate RRC messages. However, this is merely an example, and at least one of the first configuration information, the second configuration information, and the third configuration information may be transmitted to the terminal via the same RRC message. For example, the second configuration information and the third configuration information may be transmitted to the terminal via the same RRC message. In other words, the combination of configuration information to be transmitted via the same RRC message may be configured in various ways.

[0293] The terminal can receive a first medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) related to a first parameter among at least one parameter from the base station (S2020).

[0294] For example, the first MAC CE may include an index mapped to a first parameter among at least one parameter.

[0295] Additionally or alternatively, the terminal may receive from the base station a first MAC CE or other control signal (e.g., an RRC message, another MAC CE, or / and DCI, etc.) that includes an index of at least one always-on SSB among the indices of each of the plurality of always-on SSBs.

[0296] Additionally or alternatively, the terminal may receive a second MAC CE from the base station for activation of a first SCell among at least one SCell configured by the third configuration information.

[0297] The terminal may receive at least one on-demand SSB from the base station based on the first parameter (S2030). The terminal may perform measurement operations, etc., for the received at least one SSB. Furthermore, the terminal may report the measurement results for the at least one SSB to the base station.

[0298] The terminal can identify information about the on-demand SSB to be transmitted by the base station through the first parameter (e.g., the transmission period of the on-demand SSB, the number of transmissions, and / or the time interval / timer during which the transmission operation is performed, etc.).

[0299] For example, assume that the first parameter includes a parameter set including a first transmission period and a first number of transmissions of at least one on-demand SSB. In this case, the terminal can receive at least one on-demand SSB from the base station through the first SCell for the first number of transmissions per first transmission period.

[0300] Additionally or alternatively, it is assumed that the first parameter includes a first transmission period, a first number of transmissions, and / or a size value of a first time interval during which transmission of at least one on-demand SSB can be performed. The terminal can receive at least one on-demand SSB from the base station via the first SCell, for each first transmission period, within the first time interval, equal to the first number of transmissions.

[0301] Additionally or alternatively, at least one on-demand SSB may be transmitted to the terminal based on a spatial parameter associated with each of at least one always-on SSB among the plurality of always-on SSBs.

[0302] Specifically, the SSB indices within the on-demand SSB burst may be identical to the SSB indices within the always-on SSB burst. And, the SSB indices within the on-demand SSB burst may be a subset of the SSB indices within the always-on SSB burst. At least one on-demand SSB among the plurality of always-on SSBs may be indicated / configured by the first MAC CE or other control signal, and the terminal may receive at least one on-demand SSB from the base station to which spatial parameters (e.g., spatial filter, beam direction, etc.) of each of the at least one on-demand SSB are applied.

[0303] The method described in the example of FIG. 20 may be performed by the device (200) of FIG. 3. For example, one or more processors (202) of the device (200) of FIG. 3 may receive first configuration information including at least one parameter related to on-demand SSB operation from a base station through one or more transceivers (206). The one or more processors (202) may receive a first MAC CE related to a first parameter among the at least one parameter from the base station through one or more transceivers (206). The one or more processors (202) may receive at least one on-demand SSB from the base station through one or more transceivers (206) based on the first parameter.

[0304] Furthermore, one or more memories (204) of the device (200) may store instructions for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 20 or the examples described below when executed by one or more processors (202).

[0305] FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0306] The base station can transmit first configuration information including at least one parameter related to on-demand SSB operation to the terminal (S2110).

[0307] Additionally or alternatively, the base station may transmit to the terminal second configuration information including an index of each of the multiple always-on SSBs and / or third configuration information related to at least one SCell. The configuration of the first configuration information, the second configuration information, and / or the third configuration information has been described with reference to FIG. 20, and therefore, a duplicate description will be omitted.

[0308] The base station may transmit to the terminal a first MAC CE related to a first parameter among at least one parameter (S2120). That is, the base station may transmit to the terminal a first MAC CE indicating a first parameter among at least one parameter.

[0309] The base station can transmit at least one on-demand SSB to the terminal based on the first parameter (S2130).

[0310] For example, assume that the first parameter includes a parameter set including a first transmission period and a first number of transmissions of at least one on-demand SSB. The base station can transmit at least one on-demand SSB to the terminal for the first number of transmissions per the first transmission period.

[0311] The method described in the example of FIG. 21 may be performed by a specific device. For example, one or more processors of the specific device may transmit first configuration information including at least one parameter related to on-demand SSB operation to a terminal via one or more transceivers. The one or more processors may transmit a first MAC CE related to a first parameter among the at least one parameter to the terminal via one or more transceivers. Based on the first parameter, the one or more processors may transmit at least one on-demand SSB from the terminal via one or more transceivers.

[0312] Furthermore, one or more memories of a particular device may store instructions for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 21 or the examples described below when executed by one or more processors.

[0313] The following describes a method for a base station to set / instruct a terminal to transmit SSB (e.g., always-on SSB or / and on-demand SSB) cycles.

[0314] Example 1

[0315] Example 1 relates to a method in which a base station directly instructs a terminal on the transmission cycle of SSB for each scenario.

[0316] The SSB transmission cycle may vary for each scenario, and the SSB transmission cycle for each scenario can be instructed and / or set to the terminal through various types of signaling. For example, signaling types may include Layer 1-based DCI (e.g., DCI included in the PDCCH), Layer 2 control commands such as MAC CE, and Layer 3 RRC messages.

[0317] When the SSB transmission period is indicated to the terminal via DCI, feedback regarding the DCI may not be transmitted by the terminal, but is not limited thereto. When the SSB transmission period is set to the terminal via MAC CE or RRC message, feedback regarding the MAC CE or RRC message may be transmitted by the terminal. The base station can confirm that the terminal has received signaling including the SSB transmission period through the feedback.

[0318] Example 1-1

[0319] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, SSB transmission cycle information can be set / instructed to a terminal via an RRC message of layer 3 for each Sn.

[0320] As an example of the present disclosure, an RRC message may include parameters related to SSB period information at Sn. For example, a base station may transmit an RRC message including the SSB transmission period of the specific Sn to a terminal at a specific Sn stage. As another example, information regarding the SSB transmission period value of at least one of Sn, Sn+1, and Sn+2 may be transmitted from the base station to the terminal via an RRC message at Sn-1 stage.

[0321] For example, an RRC message may include information for identifying / indicating a specific scenario and an SSB transmission cycle value for each specific scenario. In describing the present disclosure, "cycle" may refer to the (transmission) cycle of the SSB.

[0322] For example, when transitioning from S0 to S1, assume that the SSB transmission periods of S0 and S1 are different. In this case, the SSB transmission period of S1 may be included in the RRC message for adding (or modifying) an SCell. As another example, the RRC message may include information about the SSB transmission periods of S1, S2, Sn, and Sn. In other words, a single RRC message may include the SSB transmission period of a single scenario or the SSB transmission period of the entire subsequent scenario.

[0323] When an RRC message includes the SSB transmission cycles for all subsequent scenarios, the RRC message may include identification information for each scenario and the SSB transmission cycles for each scenario. For example, when the SSB transmission cycle for a specific scenario is not specified, the cycle of a specific Sn (e.g., the cycle of S0), the cycle of the scenario preceding the specific scenario, the cycle of Sn-1, or a predefined / configured cycle may be used.

[0324] Example 1-2

[0325] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, SSB transmission cycle information can be set / instructed to a terminal through a control command (e.g., MAC CE) of layer 2 for each Sn.

[0326] SSB transmission cycle information for each Sn can be transmitted to the terminal via a control command of Layer 2. The base station can directly instruct the terminal about the SSB transmission cycle value for each Sn via a control command of Layer 2, and can transmit the index value of a specific parameter among the preset listed parameters (e.g., the listed SSB transmission cycle value) to the terminal via an L3 RRC message.

[0327] As an example of the present disclosure, the MAC CE may include an index value indicating a specific SCell, an SSB transmission period value per Sn of the specific SCell, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the MAC CE may include an index value indicating a specific SCell and an index value of a specific parameter among listed parameters preset via an L3 RRC message (e.g., a listed SSB transmission period value).

[0328] For example, if the SSB transmission period for a particular scenario is not specified, the period of a particular Sn (e.g., the period of S0), the period of the scenario preceding the particular scenario, the period of Sn-1, or a predefined / set period may be used.

[0329] When a new SSB transmission period is applied along with signaling of the MAC CE of the SCell activation state in S2, the SCell activation MAC CE may include the SSB transmission period value or the index value of a specific parameter among the listed parameters preset via the L3 RRC message (e.g., the listed SSB transmission period value). For example, the index of the SCell to be activated and the SSB transmission period value (or the index value of the specific parameter) may be concatenated within the SCell activation MAC CE.

[0330] For example, if the SCell Activation related bitmap value (associated with a specific SCell) within the SCell Activation MAC CE is set to "1" (e.g., when the activation of a specific SCell is configured), the SCell Activation MAC CE may contain the SSB transmission period for the specific SCell. If the corresponding SCell Activation related bitmap value is set to "0" (e.g., when the deactivation of a specific SCell is configured), the SCell Activation MAC CE may not contain the SSB transmission period for the specific SCell.

[0331] Example 1-3

[0332] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, SSB transmission period information can be set / instructed to a terminal via layer 1 DCI PDCCH signaling. Here, the DCI can be terminal-specific DCI or group-common DCI.

[0333] SSB transmission period information per Sn can be indicated to the terminal (directly in S0) via Layer 1 DCI PDCCH signaling. The base station can directly indicate the SSB transmission period value per Sn to the terminal via Layer 1 DCI PDCCH, and can transmit the index value of a specific parameter among the preset listed parameters (e.g., the listed SSB transmission period value) to the terminal via an L3 RRC message or L2 MAC CE.

[0334] For example, the DCI may include information related to the SSB transmission period per Sn and / or the n value.

[0335] As an example of the present disclosure, when transmission for on-demand SSB is signaled after SCell activation is completed according to S3, SSB transmission cycle information (e.g., SSB transmission cycle information in S3) may be transmitted to the terminal via DCI after entering S3 or in a scenario step prior to S3.

[0336] If a DCI containing information about a new SSB transmission cycle is not transmitted or received in the S3 phase, a cycle of a specific Sn (e.g., the cycle of S0), a cycle of a scenario preceding a specific scenario, a cycle of Sn-1, or a predefined / configured cycle may be used.

[0337] Example 2

[0338] Example 2 relates to a method for grouping and indicating some scenarios for SSB transmission cycles.

[0339] Instead of indicating the SSB transmission period value for each Sn, a method may be used in which some scenarios are grouped and then the SSB transmission time interval value is indicated for each of the grouped Sn. For example, S0, S1, 쪋, Sn, and Sn+1 may be grouped and listed into multiple groups. The base station may indicate / set the index of a specific group among the multiple groups to the terminal through L1, L2, and L3 signaling.

[0340] For example, when instructing / setting the SSB transmission cycle of the S3 phase in the S2 phase, the index and SSB transmission cycle value for a specific group can be concatenated on the MAC CE of the SCell activation.

[0341] For example, if the SCell Activation related bitmap value (associated with a specific SCell) within the SCell Activation MAC CE is set to "1" (e.g., when the activation of a specific SCell is configured), the SCell Activation MAC CE may contain the SSB transmission period for the specific SCell. If the corresponding SCell Activation related bitmap value is set to "0" (e.g., when the deactivation of a specific SCell is configured), the SCell Activation MAC CE may not contain the SSB transmission period for the specific SCell.

[0342] Example 2-1

[0343] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, K Sn among a plurality of Sn can be grouped into one group, and a list (or / and index) for SSB transmission period values ​​can be set for each group. K can be a natural number greater than or equal to 1.

[0344] For example, S1 and S2 can be grouped into one group, and a table {S1, S2}[3]={{5, 10}, {20, 40}, {10, 10}} can be configured. Here, {5, 10} (a value corresponding to index 0), {20, 40} (a value corresponding to index 1), and {10, 10} (a value corresponding to index 2) can each correspond to an SSB transmission period value for S1 and S2. The base station can transmit information indicating one of indices 0, 1, and 2 to the terminal through an L3 RRC message, an L2 MAC CE, or an L1 DCI. Accordingly, the terminal can identify the SSB transmission periods of each of S1 and S2 through a table corresponding to the indicated indices.

[0345] In another example of the present disclosure, S1, S2, and S3 may be grouped into one group (e.g., when K=3). This example is intended to indicate the SSB operation cycle at a time after SCell activation upon SCell addition (or modification).

[0346] For example, when instructing / setting the SSB transmission cycle of the S3 phase in the S2 phase, the index and SSB transmission cycle value for a specific group can be concatenated on the MAC CE of the SCell activation. At this time, the SSB transmission cycle value in the S3 phase can be transmitted from the base station to the terminal through the new MAC CE.

[0347] Example 2-2

[0348] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, K Sn among a plurality of Sn can be grouped into one group, and list-related index values ​​for the same period value can be set / indicated for each group.

[0349] For example, assume that S0 and S3 are grouped into one group, and a table {S0, S3}[3]={40, 80, 180} is configured. Here, 40 (e.g., a value corresponding to index 0), 80 (e.g., a value corresponding to index 1), and 180 (e.g., a value corresponding to index 2) may correspond to SSB transmission period values ​​of S0 and S3. The base station may transmit information indicating one of indices 0, 1, and 2 to the terminal through an L3 RRC message, an L2 MAC CE, or an L1 DCI. Accordingly, the terminal may identify the SSB transmission periods of S0 and S3 through the table corresponding to the indicated indices. As another example, a table {S1, S2}={5, 10, 20} may be configured.

[0350] Example 2-3

[0351] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, K Sn among a plurality of Sn can be grouped into one group, and a list table can be set up to designate the same periodic value or different values ​​for each group. That is, the method according to embodiment 2-3 can be a method combining embodiments 2-1 and 2-2.

[0352] For example, {S1, S2}[3] may be configured as {{5,10}, {10,20}, 10}, and the base station may transmit information to the terminal indicating one of the indices 0 (e.g., an index corresponding to {5, 10}), 1 (e.g., an index corresponding to {10, 20}), and 2 (e.g., an index corresponding to {10}) through an L3 RRC message, an L2 MAC CE, or an L1 DCI. If index 2 is set / indicated through an L3 RRC message, an L2 MAC CE, or an L1 DCI, this may mean that the period value of the scenarios of S1 and S2 is set / indicated to 10 ms.

[0353] Example 2-4

[0354] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, when one or more list tables are included in the pre-configuration information according to the L3 RRC message, the L3 RRC message may include index information and information about which list the index relates to.

[0355] For example, assume that {S2, S3}[3]={{5, 10}, {5, 20}, {10, 5}}, (S2, S3){3}={10, 40, 20}, S2[3]={40, 5, 80}, and S3[3]={5, 80, 160}. In this case, when an SSB transmission period is indicated for S2 or S3, the RRC message, MAC CE, and / or DCI may include an n value corresponding to a specific list among multiple lists[n] and a specific index value on the specific list.

[0356] When the detailed embodiments of Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 2 are applied, if the SSB transmission cycle for a specific scenario is not indicated, a cycle of a specific Sn (e.g., a cycle of S0), a cycle of a scenario preceding the specific scenario, a cycle of Sn-1, or a predefined / set cycle may be used.

[0357] Example 3

[0358] Example 3 relates to a method of indicating a scale value based on a reference period instead of a transmission period of SSB.

[0359] Unlike the method of indicating the SSB transmission period for each Sn, a scaled value (e.g., 1 / N times or N times the SSB transmission period of the reference Sn) based on the SSB transmission period of the reference Sn can be indicated to the terminal. That is, not only a method of giving an index value for a value of an SSB transmission period or a list of values ​​of an SSB transmission period, but also a scale value (or scaling factor) of a reference SSB transmission period value can be given.

[0360] Specifically, a SSB transmission period of a specific Sn can be set / defined as a reference period, and a scale value can be applied to the reference period value. The reference period can be a specific Sn (e.g., S0), a preset period value, or a period value at Sn-1.

[0361] Example 3-1

[0362] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a value obtained by applying a scale value based on a reference period (e.g., a value obtained by multiplying the reference period value by the scale value) can be used as the SSB transmission period of the corresponding Sn.

[0363] For example, the scale value may be a value less than or equal to 1 (e.g., 1, 1 / 2, 1 / 4, 1 / 8, 1 / 16, etc.), and the scale value may be applied to S1 and S2. However, this is only an example, and depending on the reference period value, the scale value may be set / instructed / defined for the terminal as a value greater than 1 (e.g., 2, 4, 8).

[0364] For example, if the scale multiplied value for the reference period is less than or equal to a predefined minimum range for the SSB transmission period or exceeds a predefined maximum range, the minimum or maximum SSB transmission period value may be used, the reference period value without the scale value applied may be used, or S0 or a predefined / set period value may be used.

[0365] A method in which specific SSB transmission period values ​​(or / and scale values) are indicated through L3, L2, and L1 signaling in a state in which SSB transmission period values(es) (or / and scale values) are preset as in Example 1 through L3 RRC messages may be applied. That is, a method according to Example 1 may be applied, and the period value of SSB transmission set through L3 RRC messages, etc. may be replaced with a scale value.

[0366] Additionally or alternatively, a method may be applied in which a specific SSB transmission period value (or / and scale value) is indicated through L3, L2, and L1 signaling, while grouping is preset with L3 RRC messages as in Embodiment 2. That is, a method according to Embodiment 2 may be applied, and the period value of SSB transmission set through L3 RRC messages, etc. may be replaced with a scale value.

[0367] Example 3-2

[0368] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, when an SCell without SSB transmission of S0 is co-located with a special cell (SpCell) (e.g., a PCell or a primary secondary cell (PsCell)), the reference period p0 may be set to the SSB transmission period of the SpCell. As another example, the reference cell index corresponding to p0 may be directly set by the base station.

[0369] Example 4

[0370] Example 4 relates to a method of indicating the number of SSB transmissions or / and the timer / window size instead of a permanent period per scenario.

[0371] As described above, if a period for a specific scenario is set / instructed to the terminal via L1, L2, or L3 signaling, SSB transmissions may be performed until another period arrives or until additional signaling is transmitted to suspend SSB transmission. To achieve network energy conservation, information regarding the SSB transmission period and / or number of transmissions may be transmitted from the base station to the terminal.

[0372] Example 4-1

[0373] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the base station may transmit to the terminal information related to a value related to an SSB transmission period and information about the number of SSB transmissions (e.g., an index for the number of SSB transmissions, the number of SSB transmissions, etc.).

[0374] As an example of the present disclosure, as described in Embodiment 1, L3 signaling (e.g., RRC message), L2 signaling (e.g., MAC CE) and L1 signaling (e.g., DCI) including an SSB transmission period value and a number of SSB transmissions can be transmitted from a base station to a terminal.

[0375] For example, if a list for the number of transmissions is configured / set, a value indicating an independent index for each list for the number of transmissions can be transmitted from the base station to the terminal in the same manner as the transmission cycle. Accordingly, the terminal can identify the number of transmissions corresponding to the indicated index as the number of SSB transmissions. For example, if the number of transmissions is not indicated, the number of transmissions can be set / defined to a specific value (e.g., 1 or 2) or determined as a predefined / set value.

[0376] Additionally or alternatively, at least one list containing items of transmission cycles and transmission counts may be configured for the terminal. The base station may transmit information indicating the index of the list corresponding to a specific item among the multiple items included in the list to the terminal.

[0377] For example, if {period, number of transmissions}[3] = {{5, 3}, {10, 2}, {20, 4}} is set for the terminal, and information indicating an index value (e.g., 0) is transmitted to the terminal, this may mean that the SSB transmission period is 5 ms and the number of SSB transmissions is 3. That is, the item corresponding to the index value (e.g., 0) in the list is {5, 3}, and within {5, 3}, 5 may correspond to the transmission period and 3 may correspond to the number of transmissions. The terminal may perform an SSB reception operation based on the indicated number of transmissions and transmission period.

[0378] For example, if a list containing items for transmission cycles and transmission counts is set for a terminal, an index corresponding to a specific item for each scenario may be indicated for the terminal.

[0379] As an example of the present disclosure, as described in Embodiment 2, K Sns can be grouped, and a list of transmission periods and transmission counts for each Sn can be mapped / set for the group. The base station can transmit information indicating an index corresponding to a specific item among the items included in the list (e.g., an item consisting of a transmission period and a transmission count) to the terminal. Accordingly, the transmission period and transmission count corresponding to the specific item can be indicated to the terminal for each Sn.

[0380] As another example, K Sns can be grouped, and a list of transmission periods and transmission counts can be mapped / configured for the Sns included in the group. The base station can transmit information indicating an index corresponding to a specific item among the items included in the list (e.g., an item consisting of a transmission period and a transmission count) to the terminal. Accordingly, the same transmission period and transmission count corresponding to the specific item can be indicated to the terminal.

[0381] For example, if the number of transmissions is constrained / defined to a specific value (e.g., 1 or 2, etc.), the time difference between the first SSB transmission and the second SSB transmission may be set / applied instead of signaling the number of transmissions. For example, if there is no time difference between the first SSB transmission and the second SSB transmission, the number of transmissions value may be set / applied to 1, and if there is no time difference between the first SSB transmission and the second SSB transmission, the number of transmissions value may be set / applied to 2.

[0382] Example 4-2

[0383] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a timer and / or window size may be set / instructed for a terminal. The base station may transmit SSB to the terminal only within the instructed timer and / or window size. The method for instructing / configuring the timer and / or window size values ​​may be applied to the method for instructing / configuring the number of transmissions in Example 4-1.

[0384] Additionally or alternatively, at least one list containing items of transmission periods and timers (or / and window sizes) may be configured for the terminal. The base station may transmit information to the terminal indicating an index of the list corresponding to a specific item among the multiple items included in the list (depending on the scenario).

[0385] For example, if {period, timer (or / and window size)}[3]= {{5, 100}, {10, 200}, {20, 300}} is set for the terminal, and information indicating an index value (e.g., 0) is transmitted to the terminal, this may mean that the SSB transmission period is 5 ms and the timer (or / and window size) value is 100 msec. That is, the item corresponding to the index value (e.g., 0) in the list is {5, 100}, and within {5, 100}, 5 may correspond to the transmission period and 100 may correspond to the timer (or / and window size) value. The terminal may perform an SSB reception operation based on the indicated number of transmissions and the timer (or / and window size) value.

[0386] For example, if a list containing items for transmission cycles and timers (or / and window sizes) is set up for a terminal, an index corresponding to a specific item may be indicated to the terminal for each scenario.

[0387] As an example of the present disclosure, as described in Embodiment 2, K Sns can be grouped, and a list of transmission periods and timers (or / and window sizes) for each Sn can be mapped / set for the group. The base station can transmit to the terminal information indicating an index corresponding to a specific item among the items included in the list (e.g., items composed of transmission periods and timers (or / and window sizes)). Accordingly, the transmission period and timer (or / and window size) corresponding to the specific item can be indicated to the terminal for each Sn.

[0388] Example 5

[0389] Example 5 relates to various methods related to SSB transmission.

[0390] For always-on SSB, all transmissions are possible for a given ID. However, for on-demand SSB, the terminal can be pre-configured to transmit only for some of the given IDs or in a specific transmission direction. That is, for on-demand SSB, transmission of SSBs corresponding to the required IDs or in the required direction can be performed. This can increase energy savings.

[0391] Example 5-1

[0392] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, on-demand SSB may be transmitted to a terminal based on some of the transmission IDs or transmission directions (e.g., an index corresponding to the direction) of an always-on SSB. For example, a list based on some of the transmission IDs and / or transmission directions may be configured for the terminal, and the base station may transmit information indicating one index (e.g., an index associated with the transmission ID and / or transmission direction) within the list to the terminal via L1 / L2 / L3 signaling.

[0393] For example, the list may be generated independently, or a list may be generated consisting of index(es) corresponding to the number of transmissions or / and the transmission period.

[0394] Example 5-2

[0395] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, i) the SSB transmission period in a scenario (e.g., S0) before SCell is added (or modified) and ii) the SSB transmission period in a scenario (e.g., S3) after S0 and SCell activation are completed may be predefined / considered to be the same.

[0396] Rather than having the SSB transmission cycle indicated / set for each scenario, the SSB cycle for each period before the SCell becomes a serving cell and the period in which the SCell becomes fully activated can be set / defined to the same value, thereby reducing control and operational complexity.

[0397] For example, in S0, only always-on SSB transmission is performed, while S3 can be expressed as a scenario in which on-demand SSB is operated or a scenario in which always-on SSB transmission is performed again. In other words, on-demand SSB can be transmitted and received only in S1 and S2.

[0398] Example 5-3

[0399] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the SSB transmission period of each of S1, where SCell is added (or changed), and S2, where SCell is activated, may be defined / set to the same value. As another example, the SSB transmission period relationship of each of S1 and S2 may be predefined as a scaling relationship (e.g., if the SSB transmission period of S1 is x, the SSB transmission period of S2 is x * 1 / N, etc.).

[0400] For example, if the SSB transmission period value in S1 is 80 ms and the scale value is 1 / 4, the SSB transmission period in S2 can be predefined as 20 ms. Here, the SSB transmission period and / or scale value in S1 can be signaled from the base station to the terminal, but is not limited thereto. The SSB transmission period and / or scale value in S1 can also be predefined.

[0401] For example, assume that a scaling relationship between Sn and Sn+1 is established / defined. In this case, the scaling value between Sn and Sn+1 may not be established by signaling, but may be predefined as a value determined based on the SCS (subcarrier spacing) of the corresponding cell / BWP / carrier. If at least one SSB period value to which the scaling value is applied (e.g., at least one SSB period value included in the list) is less than the minimum value or exceeds the maximum value, the period value of the SSB may be determined as the minimum value or the maximum value.

[0402] For example, the transmission period of each SSB of Sn and Sn+1 may be the same, and n may be, but is not limited to, 0 or 1. In S1, it may be set / defined that there is an SSB that is always on (e.g., even if it does not actually exist).

[0403] Example 5-4

[0404] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, it is assumed that the activation of an SCell is not performed through an L2 control command (e.g., an SCell activation MAC CE). In this case, the SCell can be activated simultaneously with its addition by an L3 RRC message (e.g., an RRC message related to the addition (or change) of an SCell). In addition, the SSB transmission period in each of S1 and S2 can be set / defined to the same value. As another example, the SSB transmission period values ​​of each of S1 and S2 can be preset, and the scale value between S1 and S2 (and / or the transmission period value of S1 or S2) can be given to the terminal from the beginning.

[0405] For example, assume that a scaling relationship between Sn and Sn+1 is established / defined. In this case, the scaling value between Sn and Sn+1 may not be established by signaling, but may be predefined as a value determined based on the SCS (subcarrier spacing) of the corresponding cell / BWP / carrier. If at least one SSB period value to which the scaling value is applied (e.g., at least one SSB period value included in the list) is less than the minimum value or exceeds the maximum value, the period value of the SSB may be determined as the minimum value or the maximum value.

[0406] Example 5-5

[0407] In the embodiments described above, the transmission period of the predefined on-demand SSB may be, but is not limited to, 5 ms or 20 ms.

[0408] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when a SCell operates as an NES cell, SSB transmission can be efficiently controlled for various scenarios in which the SCell is added and / or activated according to CA operation. Accordingly, energy savings according to the NES can be achieved.

[0409] That is, when SSB must be transmitted frequently, SSB is transmitted frequently, and when not, the number of SSB transmissions is reduced, thereby reducing unnecessary power consumption of the base station compared to the existing SSB transmission method that always transmits constantly. In addition, since the method for controlling the SSB transmission cycle is configured for each scenario, the base station can selectively perform SSB transmission control and SSB transmission operation for each scenario. Additionally, as the above-described embodiments are applied, interference caused by always transmitting SSB constantly can also be weakened.

[0410] The methods, embodiments or descriptions for implementing the method proposed in the present disclosure may be applied separately, or one or more methods (or embodiments or descriptions) may be applied in combination.

[0411] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form embodiments of the present disclosure by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form embodiments or incorporated as new claims through post-application amendments.

[0412] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential characteristics thereof. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0413] The scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., an operating system, an application, firmware, a program, etc.) that cause operations according to the methods of various embodiments to be executed on a device or a computer, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having such software or instructions stored thereon and executable on the device or computer. Instructions that can be used to program a processing system to perform the features described in the present disclosure can be stored on / in a storage medium or a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product including such a storage medium can be used to implement the features described in the present disclosure. The storage medium can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices, and can include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. The memory optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the processor(s). The memory or, alternatively, the non-volatile memory device(s) within the memory comprise a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The features described in this disclosure may be incorporated into software and / or firmware stored on any of the machine-readable media, which may control the hardware of the processing system and allow the processing system to interact with other mechanisms that utilize results according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments / containers.

[0414] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device (100, 200) of the present disclosure can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0415] The method proposed in this disclosure is explained with a focus on examples applied to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A and 5G systems, but can be applied to various wireless communication systems in addition to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A and 5G systems.

Claims

1. A step of receiving, by a terminal, first configuration information including at least one parameter related to an on-demand synchronization signal block (SSB) operation from a base station; A step of receiving, by the terminal, from the base station a first medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) related to a first parameter among the at least one parameter; and A step of receiving at least one on-demand SSB from the base station by the terminal based on the first parameter, A method wherein each of said at least one parameter comprises a transmission period and a transmission number of said at least one on-demand SSB.

2. In paragraph 1, An index is mapped for at least one parameter above, A method wherein the first MAC CE includes an index mapped to the first parameter.

3. In paragraph 1, The first parameter comprises a parameter set including a first transmission period and a first transmission count of the at least one on-demand SSB, A method wherein the at least one on-demand SSB is transmitted to the terminal the number of times the first transmission is performed per the first transmission period.

4. In paragraph 1, Second configuration information including indices of each of the multiple always-on SSBs is transmitted from the base station to the terminal, A method wherein said at least one on-demand SSB is transmitted to said terminal based on a spatial parameter associated with each of said at least one always-on SSB among said plurality of always-on SSBs.

5. In paragraph 4, A method wherein the first MAC CE or other control signal including the index of at least one always-on SSB among the indices of each of the plurality of always-on SSBs is transmitted from the base station to the terminal.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein each of said at least one parameter comprises a size value of a time period during which transmission of said at least one on-demand SSB can be performed.

7. In paragraph 6, The first parameter includes a size value of a first time interval during which transmission of at least one on-demand SSB can be performed, A method wherein at least one on-demand SSB is transmitted from the base station to the terminal within the first time period.

8. In paragraph 1, Third configuration information related to at least one secondary cell is transmitted from the base station to the terminal, A method wherein the at least one on-demand SSB is transmitted from the base station to the terminal via a first SCell among the at least one SCell.

9. In paragraph 8, The third configuration information includes at least one of the status and index of each of the at least one SCell, or the period and offset of the always-on SSB associated with each of the at least one SCell, A method in which a second MAC CE for activating the first SCell among the at least one SCell is transmitted from the base station to the terminal.

10. In paragraph 1, A method in which the above first setting information is transmitted from the base station to the terminal via a radio resource control message.

11. One or more transceivers; and comprising one or more processors connected to said one or more transceivers, One or more of the above processors: Receiving first configuration information including at least one parameter related to an on-demand synchronization signal block (SSB) operation from a base station through the one or more transceivers; Receiving a first medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) related to a first parameter among the at least one parameter from the base station through the one or more transceivers; and Based on the first parameter, at least one on-demand SSB is set to be received from the base station through the one or more transceivers, A terminal, wherein each of the at least one parameter includes a transmission period and a transmission number of the at least one on-demand SSB.

12. A step of transmitting first configuration information including at least one parameter related to an on-demand synchronization signal block (SSB) operation to a terminal by a base station; A step of transmitting a first medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) related to a first parameter among at least one of the above parameters to the terminal by the base station; and A step of transmitting at least one on-demand SSB to the terminal by the base station based on the first parameter, A method wherein each of said at least one parameter comprises a transmission period and a transmission number of said at least one on-demand SSB.

13. In the base station, the base station: one or more transceivers; and comprising one or more processors connected to said one or more transceivers, One or more of the above processors: Transmitting first configuration information including at least one parameter related to an on-demand synchronization signal block (SSB) operation to a terminal via the one or more transceivers; Transmitting a first medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) related to a first parameter among the at least one parameter to the terminal through the one or more transceivers; and Based on the first parameter, at least one on-demand SSB is set to be transmitted to the terminal through the one or more transceivers, A base station, wherein each of the at least one parameter includes a transmission period and a transmission number of the at least one on-demand SSB.

14. In a processing device configured to control a terminal, the processing device: one or more processors; and A processing device comprising one or more computer memories operatively connected to said one or more processors and storing instructions that, when executed by said one or more processors, perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, A computer-readable medium, wherein the one or more commands are executed by one or more processors to control a device to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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