Uplink control of ambient IoT device

Abstract

The present document relates to a control method and devices for specifying, among a plurality of ambient IoT devices, an ambient IoT device to transmit an uplink signal according to a situation, and reducing collision between uplink signals. To this end, this method for controlling uplink signal transmission of a plurality of ambient IoT devices by a reader comprises: transmitting a first message to ambient IoT devices of a specific group among the plurality of ambient IoT devices, the first message including a group ID, frequency information in which a value is configured according to the group ID, and time information; and receiving a second message from ambient IoT devices of a group corresponding to the group ID via a frequency corresponding to the frequency information, wherein the second message is received in a distributed manner within a time period configured on the basis of the time information

Description

Uplink control of ambient IoT devices

[0001] The following description relates to a mobile communication system supporting the ambient IoT (Internet of Things), and more specifically, to a control method and devices therefor for specifying an ambient IoT device to transmit an uplink signal appropriately among a plurality of ambient IoT devices and reducing collisions between uplink signals.

[0002] 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), which leads the technical standards for mobile communication systems rd The Generation Partnership Project (GPP) introduced various technologies to support IoT devices in LTE and 5G.

[0003] Figure 1 is a diagram briefly summarizing the requirements of IoT devices considered by 3GPP.

[0004] The drawing in Fig. 1 is data presented at the 19th GSMA 5G IoT Strategy Group Meeting (January 2022), and compares the performance of a passive IoT UE discussed in Rel-18 and being discussed as ambient IoT (hereinafter referred to simply as A-IoT) in Rel-19 with the transmission speed of general NR LTE UE, RedCap UE, LTE-M UE, and NB-IoT UE.

[0005] While other IoT UEs are all powered by batteries, A-IoT devices are being discussed assuming a large number of passive devices that secure their own power through energy harvesting, support low transmission speeds of around 10 kbps, consume very low power of 1 to 100 uW, and cost 10 to 100 times less than NB-IoT UEs. In other words, the pyramid structure of Fig. 1 can be interpreted to mean that A-IoT devices at the very bottom can be attached to more objects than other IoT devices.

[0006] Although various use cases for A-IoT are being discussed, the inventory use case as shown in Figure 2 is being studied most intensively.

[0007] Figure 2 is a drawing for explaining an example of use in an automatic warehouse as an example of the concept of an inventory use case among the use cases of A-IoT.

[0008] The concept of an automated warehouse illustrated in Figure 2 exemplifies the concept of utilizing A-IoT in the stages of checking and unloading (1), entering into inventory (2), storing in inventory (3), retrieving from inventory (4), and checking and loading (5), among which the stages of entering into inventory (2), storing in inventory (3), and retrieving from inventory (4) are used.

[0009] That is, a list of items can be secured using A-IoT at the time of receipt / delivery, and when necessary, a base station (220) or another reader can query a large number of A-IoT devices (210a-210n) in the warehouse to secure data by product group and manufacturer, and transmit this to the A-IoT server (230) (S210).

[0010]

[0011] However, as conceptualized in Fig. 1, A-IoT devices (210a-210n) assume a situation in which a large number of devices are densely deployed compared to other IoT devices, and if all A-IoT devices access the uplink simultaneously, collisions between uplink signals may occur. Furthermore, if uplink data of all A-IoT devices is individually transmitted, signaling overload may be severe compared to the size of the data.

[0012] To this end, RFID uses only one D2R (device to reader) channel, but in A-IoT, it is being discussed that multiple devices can transmit signals simultaneously by applying FDMA (Frequency Divisional Multiple Access) to the D2R channel.

[0013] In contrast, A-IoT devices may have limitations in using multiple channels to receive R2D (reader to device) signals depending on their type, requiring additional review.

[0014] In order to solve the above-described problem, one aspect of the present invention proposes a control method and devices therefor for specifying an ambient IoT device among a plurality of ambient IoT devices to transmit an uplink signal according to a situation and reducing collisions between uplink signals.

[0015] Specifically, we propose a method to reduce collisions by specifying the uplink signal transmission target for multiple ambient IoT devices in groups and allocating uplink transmission time / frequency between groups using the FDMA (Frequency Divisional Multiple Access) method and within groups using the TDMA (Time Divisional Multiple Access) method.

[0016]

[0017] Meanwhile, in order to solve the problem described above, in another aspect of the present invention, a method for efficiently scheduling a D2R link signal and a device therefor are proposed, taking into account the characteristics of each device type of ambient IoT and the differences between a D2R link and an R2D link.

[0018] Specifically, when A-IoT devices receive R2D signals, a method for scheduling D2R link signals is proposed, considering the problem that Type 1 and Type 2a devices that perform envelope detection without a band pass filter (BPF) cannot distinguish the signals of each R2D channel when there are multiple R2D channels.

[0019] In addition, when only one R2D channel is available for the reasons described above, we propose a method for efficiently scheduling multiple D2R signals for FDMA implementation through a single R2D channel, tailored to the communication situation of the A-IoT system.

[0020] The problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs from the description below.

[0021] In one aspect of the present invention for solving the above-described problem, a method for controlling uplink signal transmission of a plurality of ambient IoT devices by a reader in a mobile communication system supporting the ambient IoT (Internet of Things) is proposed, comprising: transmitting a first message including frequency information to one or more ambient IoT devices among the plurality of ambient IoT devices; and receiving a second message from the one or more ambient IoT devices through a frequency corresponding to the frequency information, wherein the frequency corresponding to the frequency information corresponds to a frequency that differs by a predetermined level in a + or - direction with respect to a reference frequency, and the predetermined level is determined based on the frequency information.

[0022] The above reference frequency is F c , the predetermined level corresponding to the above one or more ambient IoT devices (i) FS i When , the frequency corresponding to the above frequency information is

[0023] F c - FS i or F c + FS i

[0024] can respond to.

[0025] The above first message may correspond to a paging message, and the paging message may include one identifier.

[0026] Here, one identifier may correspond to one ambient IoT device, one group of ambient IoT devices, or one filtering criterion.

[0027] In another aspect of the present invention for solving the above-described problem, a method for controlling uplink signal transmission of a plurality of ambient IoT devices by a reader in a mobile communication system supporting the ambient IoT (Internet of Things) is proposed, comprising: transmitting a first message including a group ID, frequency information whose value is set according to the group ID, and time information to a specific group of ambient IoT devices among the plurality of ambient IoT devices; and receiving a second message through a frequency corresponding to the frequency information from the ambient IoT devices of a group corresponding to the group ID, wherein the second message is received in a distributed manner within a time period set based on the time information.

[0028] At this time, it is preferable that the frequency information be set to a different value according to the group ID and multiplex the uplink signal for each group using the FDMA (Frequency Divisional Multiple Access) method.

[0029] In addition, the frequency corresponding to the above frequency information corresponds to a frequency that differs by an integer multiple of the subcarrier spacing from the reference frequency for backscattering, and the integer multiple can be determined based on the above frequency information.

[0030] Additionally, the frequency corresponding to the frequency information can be determined based on the R value, which is a repetition value of line coding transmitted through the first message.

[0031] Specifically, when the concept of performing multiplexing in the FDMA method is referred to as SFS (Small Frequency Shift), the default value of SFS can be defined as R=1 (No Small Frequency Shift). When the center position of the waveform when R=1 compared to the reference frequency is referred to as fc, SFS when R is greater than 1 can correspond to fc * R.

[0032] Additionally, if the second message is successfully received, transmitting a third message in response to the second message; and receiving a fourth message including a tag ID and data in response to the first message from the ambient IoT device that received the third message.

[0033] Preferably, at least one of the frequency information or the time information can have a value determined in the second round by taking into account the collision rate of the second message reception in the first round.

[0034] Additionally, the group ID may correspond to a tag ID that includes an operator ID field, an owner ID field, and a group identifier field.

[0035] Here, the tag ID may include one or more additional fields among a manufacturer ID field, a factory ID field, or a warehouse ID field.

[0036] Meanwhile, in another aspect of the present invention for solving the above-described problem, a method for an ambient IoT device to respond to a message from a reader in a mobile communication system supporting the ambient IoT (Internet of Things) is proposed, comprising: receiving a first message from the reader, the first message including a group ID, frequency information whose value is set according to the group ID, and time information; determining a second message transmission timing within a time period set based on the time information when the ambient IoT device is a group corresponding to the group ID; and transmitting the second message to the reader through a frequency corresponding to the determined transmission timing and the frequency information.

[0037] At this time, determining the second message transmission timing may include setting the time period based on the time information; extracting a random counter value within the time period; counting the counter for each of the second message transmission occasions, and determining the time point when the counter reaches 0 as the second message transmission timing.

[0038] In addition, the frequency corresponding to the above frequency information corresponds to a frequency that differs by an integer multiple of the subcarrier spacing from the reference frequency for backscattering, and the integer multiple can be determined based on the above frequency information.

[0039] In addition, if a third message responding to the second message is not received from the reader after transmitting the second message to the reader, the method may further include retransmitting the second message within the time period, and a retransmission counter may be counted when retransmitting the second message.

[0040] Additionally, the method may further include receiving a third message from the reader in response to the second message; and transmitting a fourth message to the reader, the fourth message including a tag ID and data in response to the first message.

[0041] The fourth message may also be transmitted in the FDMA manner, and frequency information for this may be transmitted through one or more of the first message or the third message.

[0042] At this time, the fourth message may be used to set at least one of the frequency information or the time information, including the retransmission counter information.

[0043] Meanwhile, in another aspect of the present invention for solving the above-described problem, a reader of a mobile communication system supporting an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) is proposed, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, wherein the operations include transmitting a first message including a group ID, frequency information whose value is set according to the group ID, and time information to a specific group of ambient IoT devices among a plurality of ambient IoT devices; and receiving a second message through a frequency corresponding to the frequency information from the ambient IoT devices of the group corresponding to the group ID, wherein the second message is received in a distributed manner within a time period set based on the time information.

[0044] In addition, in another aspect of the present invention, an ambient IoT device of a mobile communication system supporting the Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) is proposed, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, wherein the operations include receiving a first message from a reader, the first message including a group ID, frequency information whose value is set according to the group ID, and time information; determining a second message transmission timing within a time period set based on the time information when the ambient IoT device is a group corresponding to the group ID; and transmitting the second message to the reader through a frequency corresponding to the determined transmission timing and the frequency information.

[0045] In addition, in another aspect of the present invention, in a method for controlling uplink signal transmission of a plurality of ambient IoT devices by a reader in a mobile communication system supporting the ambient IoT (Internet of Things), the method comprises: transmitting a first message including frequency information to one or more ambient IoT devices among the plurality of ambient IoT devices; and receiving a second message from the one or more ambient IoT devices through a frequency corresponding to the frequency information, wherein the frequency corresponding to the frequency information corresponds to a frequency that differs by an integer multiple of a subcarrier interval from a reference frequency for backscattering, and the integer multiple is determined based on the frequency information.

[0046] In addition, in another aspect of the present invention, a method for an ambient IoT device to respond to a message of a reader in a mobile communication system supporting the ambient IoT (Internet of Things), the method comprising: receiving a first message including frequency information from the reader; and transmitting a second message to the reader through a frequency corresponding to the frequency information, wherein the frequency corresponding to the frequency information corresponds to a frequency that differs by an integer multiple of a subcarrier interval from a reference frequency for backscattering, and the integer multiple is determined based on the frequency information.

[0047] In the above-described embodiments, the first message may correspond to a paging message of 3GPP, and the second message may correspond to a RACH (Random Access Channel) of 3GPP.

[0048] Additionally, the reader corresponds to a base station or an intermediate medium, and the intermediate medium may include a device portable by the user.

[0049]

[0050] In another aspect of the present invention for solving the above-described problem, a method for transmitting a D2R (Device-to-Reader) link signal to a reader by an ambient IoT device in a mobile communication system supporting the ambient IoT (Internet of Things), the method comprising: receiving a first message including scheduling information for a plurality of D2R channels from the reader through an R2D (Reader-to-Device) channel; and transmitting the D2R link signal to the reader according to the scheduling information, wherein the R2D channel is one channel, and receiving scheduling information for the plurality of D2R channels through the first message transmitted through the one R2D channel is proposed.

[0051] If the first message corresponds to an inventory command message, the inventory command message may include scheduling information for the plurality of D2R channels in bitmap format.

[0052] When the first message is received during a contention-free random access process, the first message may include an ID of the ambient IoT device and information about a specific D2R link channel to be used by the ambient IoT device among the plurality of D2R channels.

[0053] At this time, the ambient IoT can transmit the ID of the ambient IoT device to the reader through the specific channel corresponding to the ID.

[0054] The D2R link signal may include a random number, and in response to transmitting the D2R link signal, a response message is received from the reader via a second message, wherein the second message may include a random number of a plurality of ambient IoT devices that have successfully resolved the contention.

[0055] Additionally, a third message including the ID of the ambient IoT device may be transmitted to the reader; and a fourth message may be received as a response message from the reader, wherein the fourth message may include information of a D2R channel that successfully received a valid ambient IoT device ID in bitmap form.

[0056] Specifically, if the D2R channel that transmitted the third message corresponds to the first value in the bitmap, it can be processed as having received an ACK for the ambient IoT device ID, and if the D2R channel that transmitted the third message corresponds to the second value in the bitmap, it can be processed as having received a NACK for the ambient IoT device ID.

[0057] Additionally, a fifth message sequentially including commands for the plurality of D2R channels can be received from the reader.

[0058] At this time, if the fifth message includes a specific type of command including NACK or query response, it may additionally include specific information of a D2R channel corresponding to the specific type of command.

[0059] Meanwhile, in another aspect of the present invention, a method for scheduling D2R (Device-to-Reader) link signal transmission from a plurality of ambient IoT devices by a reader in a mobile communication system supporting the ambient IoT (Internet of Things) is proposed, comprising: transmitting a first message including scheduling information for a plurality of D2R channels to the plurality of ambient IoT devices through an R2D (Reader-to-Device) channel; and receiving the D2R link signal from the plurality of ambient IoT devices through at least one of the plurality of D2R channels, wherein the R2D channel is one channel, and transmitting scheduling information for the plurality of D2R channels through the first message transmitted through the one R2D channel.

[0060] In addition, in another aspect of the present invention, an ambient IoT device of a mobile communication system supporting the Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) is proposed, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, wherein the operations include receiving a first message including scheduling information for a plurality of D2R channels from the reader through an R2D (Reader-to-Device) channel; and transmitting the D2R link signal to the reader according to the scheduling information, wherein the R2D channel is one channel, and the ambient IoT device receives scheduling information for the plurality of D2R channels through the first message transmitted through the one R2D channel.

[0061] Meanwhile, in another aspect of the present invention, a reader of a mobile communication system supporting an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) is proposed, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, wherein the operations include transmitting a first message including scheduling information for a plurality of D2R channels to the plurality of ambient IoT devices through an R2D (Reader-to-Device) channel; and receiving a D2R link signal from the plurality of ambient IoT devices through at least one of the plurality of D2R channels, wherein the R2D channel is one channel, and transmitting scheduling information for the plurality of D2R channels through the first message transmitted through the one R2D channel.

[0062] According to the embodiments of the present invention as described above, among a plurality of ambient IoT devices, an ambient IoT device to transmit an uplink signal according to a situation can be specified, and collisions between uplink signals can be efficiently reduced.

[0063] In addition, according to the embodiments of the present invention as described above, the D2R link signal can be efficiently scheduled by considering the characteristics of each device type of ambient IoT and the differences between the D2R link and the R2D link.

[0064] Specifically, when A-IoT devices receive R2D signals, Type 1 and Type 2a devices that perform envelope detection without BPF consider the problem that they cannot distinguish the signals of each R2D channel when there are multiple R2D channels, and thus efficient scheduling can be performed for all device types by scheduling multiple D2R link signals through a single R2D channel.

[0065] The effects that can be obtained from the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs from the description below.

[0066] Figure 1 is a diagram briefly summarizing the requirements of IoT devices considered by 3GPP.

[0067] Figure 2 is a drawing for explaining an example of use in an automatic warehouse as an example of the concept of an inventory use case among the use cases of A-IoT.

[0068] FIGS. 3 to 6 are diagrams for explaining a method for controlling an ambient IoT device to transmit an uplink signal according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a TDMA transmission method within a group of A-IoT devices according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] FIG. 8 is a drawing for explaining the configuration of an A-IoT device ID according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] FIG. 9 is a drawing for explaining the field configuration of a tag ID according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] FIGS. 10 to 12 are drawings for explaining the configuration of each type of A-IoT device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the concept of group-specific frequency allocation according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] FIG. 14 is a drawing for explaining a communication method in an A-IoT system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining a method of operating by setting a field of a tag ID to a specific value according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0076] FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a concept of setting at least one of time information and frequency information by considering a collision rate according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a D2R link signal scheduling method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a method for efficiently multiplexing D2R signals of a plurality of A-IoT devices according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a scheduling method of D2R link signals in response to an inventory command of A-IoT according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining a scheduling method of D2R link signals in a random access situation according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 are diagrams for explaining a scheduling method of D2R link signals according to other embodiments of the present invention.

[0082] Figure 23 illustrates a wireless device to which the present technology can be applied.

[0083] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in various different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. In addition, in the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description have been omitted to clearly explain the present invention, and similar parts have been designated with similar reference numerals throughout the specification.

[0084] Throughout the specification, whenever a part is said to "include" a component, this does not mean that it excludes other components, but rather that it may include other components, unless otherwise stated.

[0085]

[0086] As described above, one aspect of the present invention proposes a control method and devices therefor for specifying an ambient IoT device to transmit an uplink signal appropriately among a plurality of ambient IoT devices and reducing collisions between uplink signals.

[0087] FIGS. 3 to 6 are diagrams for explaining a method for controlling an ambient IoT device to transmit an uplink signal according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0088] In FIG. 3, the 'reader' is a device for securing data of A-IoT devices (210a-210n) and providing A-IoT services, and may be a base station (220) or an intermediate node (215) between the base station (220) and A-IoT devices (210a-210n). This will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.

[0089] Drawing reference numeral 410 of FIG. 4 illustrates a structure in which an A-IoT device (210a) is directly connected to a base station (220), and the A-IoT device (210a) responds to a query of the base station (220) and transmits data, and FIG. 5 conceptualizes and illustrates the protocol stacks of the A-IoT device (210a), the base station (220), and the server (230) in this structure. At this time, the server (230) can be considered as divided into functional entities such as an A-IoT function or an AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) (231), NEF (Network Exposure Function; 232), and AF (Application Function; 233) equipped with an A-IoT function, as illustrated in FIG. 5.

[0090] Meanwhile, the drawing reference numeral 420 of FIG. 4 illustrates a structure in which an A-IoT device (210b) is not directly connected to a base station (220), but transmits data to the base station (220) via an intermediate medium (215), and FIG. 6 conceptualizes and illustrates the protocol stack of the A-IoT device (210b), the intermediate medium (215), the base station (220), and the server (230) in this structure.

[0091] The intermediate medium (215) may be a general portable user equipment (UE), such as a smartphone, that performs 5G communications or subsequent 6G communications. Fig. 4 illustrates the concept of a general UE (215) connecting to a base station (220) via a Uu interface. Furthermore, Fig. 6 conceptualizes the intermediate medium (215) as a UE reader from this perspective.

[0092] The UE as such an intermediate medium (215) can be connected to multiple A-IoT devices and transmit data of the A-IoT devices to the base station (220).

[0093] With regard to the descriptions of FIGS. 4 to 6, it can be generally seen that the base station (220) acts as a reader that collects data from A-IoT devices (210a, 210b). However, depending on the case / use case, the UE (215) may also act as a reader that collects data from A-IoT devices (210a, 210b).

[0094] For convenience of explanation, the following description assumes that the 'reader' corresponds to the base station (220), but is not limited thereto.

[0095]

[0096] Referring again to FIG. 3, the reader (220) may transmit a first message (S310a - S310n) to one or more of the plurality of A-IoT devices (210a - 210n). This first message may include one identifier. Here, one identifier may correspond to one A-IoT device, or may indicate one group of A-IoT devices or a filtering criterion.

[0097] For convenience of explanation, the embodiments of FIG. 3 and below illustrate a case where the first message includes a group ID indicating a group of A-IoT devices among the above-described cases. However, unless otherwise specified, the first message may include either a device ID or a group ID. In the case where the group ID is included, the reader (220) may transmit (S310a - S310n) a first message including a group ID, frequency information (F) whose value is set according to the group ID, and time information (Q) to a specific group of A-IoT devices among a plurality of A-IoT devices (210a - 210n). Here, the first message is assumed to be a message corresponding to a paging message of 3GPP, and is assumed to be a message for inducing uplink signal transmission of the A-IoT devices (210a - 210n) according to the needs of the server and / or the needs of the reader (220). The first message may be referred to as a paging message in some cases, but may have different characteristics from the 3GPP paging message considering the characteristics of A-IoT.

[0098] In this embodiment, by including a specific A-IoT device ID or group ID in the first message, it is proposed to reduce the probability of collision by selectively responding only to a specific device or group of A-IoT devices rather than having all A-IoT devices (210a-210n) respond by transmitting the second message.

[0099] This embodiment is intended to address the problem of increased collision probability and / or increased load when reading the group ID of a specific device, a specific operator's group, or a company in a shared environment of a RAN (Radio Access Network) or when groups of multiple companies are mixed in a warehouse, as other operators' / companies' groups respond.

[0100] In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed to implement FDMA of uplink signals for each group based on frequency information (F) set for each device / group ID, and to implement TDMA of uplink signals of A-IoT devices within a group based on time information (Q).

[0101] In order to facilitate this explanation, the example of Fig. 3 assumes that two groups (group 1, group 2) respond to the first message of the reader (220).

[0102] If the group ID of the first message indicates group 1 and the frequency corresponding to the frequency information (F) corresponding to group 1 is F1, the A-IoT devices (210) of group 1 can transmit a second message to the reader (220) through the corresponding frequency F1 (S320a).

[0103] In addition, if the group ID of the first message indicates group 2 and the frequency corresponding to the frequency information (F) corresponding to group 2 is F2, the A-IoT devices (210) of group 2 can transmit the second message to the reader (220) through the corresponding frequency F2 (S320b).

[0104] Here, the 'second message' may be a message corresponding to the RACH (Random Access Channel) of 3GPP. That is, it is a message that attempts an initial connection via uplink before the A-IoT devices (210) begin transmitting uplink signals to the reader (220), and may play a role in securing uplink synchronization, etc. In some cases, the second message may be referred to as a RACH signal, but may have different characteristics from the RACH signal of 3GPP in consideration of the characteristics of A-IoT.

[0105] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the second message transmission of A-IoT devices (210a-210n) is set based on the time information (Q) of the first message for a time period (e.g., [0 to 2Q -1] It is proposed to implement the TDMA method by distributing and transmitting within it.

[0106]

[0107] FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a TDMA transmission method within a group of A-IoT devices according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0108] As described above with respect to FIG. 3, the reader (220) may transmit time information (Q) for determining the second message transmission timing in addition to the group information when transmitting the first message. In one embodiment of the present invention, such time information (Q) may be transmitted on a physical layer control channel for transmitting the first message.

[0109] In this case, the A-IoT device (210) can calculate a counter to determine the timing at which the A-IoT device (210) can connect (randomly connect) based on the Q value.

[0110] For example, A-IoT devices are [0 ~ 2 Q -1] A random value can be selected from the range and set as a counter, and the counter can be counted (for example, a counter value of -1) at each second message transmission opportunity, and the point in time when the counter reaches 0 can be determined as the second message transmission timing.

[0111] Specifically, FIG. 7 shows a procedure in which a tag responds to a query from an interrogator in a random access manner by indicating an A-IoT device (210) as a tag and a reader (220) as an interrogator, and distinguishes between scenario A in which the tag's random access is successful and scenario B in which the tag's random access fails due to a collision or other reasons.

[0112]

[0113] In scenarios A and B, the reader (220) can also be used by setting a counter based on the Q value, like the A-IoT device (210).

[0114] Specifically, in scenario A, an A-IoT device (210) that has received a first message corresponding to a query from a reader (220) can perform a random access from an A-IoT device (210) whose set counter value reaches 0 if the group ID of the first message corresponds to its own tag ID. At this time, the A-IoT device (210) can generate a random number of a length (e.g., 16 bits) determined according to the length of the tag ID and use it as a preamble of the second message.

[0115] When an A-IoT device (210) that has performed random access receives an ACK for random access from a reader (220), the A-IoT device can transmit data including a tag ID, and when transmission of the final data is complete, the device can notify the reader (220) that the random access is complete.

[0116] Meanwhile, in scenario B, the second message transmitted by the A-IoT device (210) may collide with the second message transmitted by another A-IoT device (210) (S710), there may be no response from the reader (220) for a predetermined period of time (S720), or there may be a response from the reader (220) but it may be an invalid response (S730) (for example, if the received response is an ACK for the second message of another A-IoT device).

[0117] As illustrated in Scenario B, if the random access via the second message of the A-IoT device (210) is not successful, the A-IoT device (210) may retransmit the second message, and at this time, the A-IoT device (210) may count the retransmission counter. For example, the retransmission counter may be increased by 1 for each retransmission, or alternatively, the retransmission counter may be deducted by 1 from the preset maximum number of retransmissions.

[0118] This retransmission counter can then be included in the data transmitted upon successful receipt of an ACK from the reader (220), so that the reader (220) can then use it to set subsequent F and / or Q values.

[0119]

[0120] FIG. 8 is a drawing for explaining the configuration of an A-IoT device ID according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0121] In one embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that an A-IoT device be assigned a permanent A-IoT device ID assigned by a carrier or a third party. Drawing reference numeral 610A of FIG. 8 exemplarily illustrates a structure when an A-IoT device ID is assigned by a carrier, and drawing reference numeral 610B of FIG. 8 exemplarily illustrates a structure when an A-IoT device ID is assigned by a third party. Such an A-IoT device ID can be used to identify an A-IoT device and find a corresponding authentication server.

[0122] Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the A-IoT device ID can be divided into a first part (620A, 620B) and a second part (630A, 630B).

[0123] The information in the first part (620A, 620B) may include an ID type field (650A, 650B), which may indicate whether the ID type field (650A, 650B) was assigned by a business operator / third party.

[0124] Additionally, the information of the first part (620A, 620B) may include an operating entity field (640A, 640B), which may include a network identifier (640A) (e.g., MCC+MNC or NID) in the case of a business operator, and information (640B) identifying the third party if assigned by a third party.

[0125] However, among the fields described above, business entity information (640A, 640B) may not always be required, and in some cases, the fields may be omitted.

[0126] Meanwhile, the information of the second part (630A, 630B) may include detailed information, and specifically, may include information (e.g., EPC or other format) used to distinguish individual A-IoT devices within the range identified by the information of the first part (620A, 620B).

[0127] In the above description, the detailed configuration of the second part can be configured in various ways depending on the environment, and the length of the A-IoT device ID of FIG. 8 can also be determined and operated fixedly or dynamically.

[0128] Additionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, it may be considered to use a temporary ID for privacy protection in the A-IoT NAS layer.

[0129] Meanwhile, in the above description, the group ID plays a role in efficiently controlling the target A-IoT device to which a reader supporting multiple A-IoT devices is responding. One embodiment of the present invention proposes implementing this group ID in the form of a tag ID, as described below, to induce responses from A-IoT devices for each group.

[0130] FIG. 9 is a drawing for explaining the field configuration of a tag ID according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0131] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9, the tag ID includes an operator ID field (710), an owner ID field (720), and one or more group identifier fields (730), and may preferably include additional fields (740) in addition to these fields.

[0132] These additional fields (740) can correspond to one or more of a manufacturer ID field, a factory ID field, or a warehouse ID field, thereby enabling flexible response to various use cases of A-IoT.

[0133] Additionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the tag ID may additionally include a delimiter of a predetermined number of bits.

[0134] The above identifier represents a combination of an operator ID field (710), an owner ID field (720), a group identifier field (730), and an additional field (740), thereby enabling flexible identification of a group of A-IoT devices that require a response.

[0135] Figure 9 illustrates an example in which groups are sequentially defined for each field. As in this example, if there are four groups, Group A through Group D, the above-described delimiter can specify the A-IoT group to be responded to, as follows, through a 2-bit length.

[0136] 00 : All,01 : Operator ID,10: Operator & Manufacturer ID,11 : Operator & Manufacturer ID & Factory ID

[0137] A-IoT devices (210a - 210n) that receive a first message including a tag ID such as this may transmit a second message by referring to the corresponding command if their ID corresponds to the identifier included in the command, and may not transmit the second message if it does not correspond. Meanwhile, in order to examine in detail how A-IoT devices transmit an uplink signal including the second message, the configuration of A-IoT devices will be described.

[0138]

[0139] FIGS. 10 to 12 are drawings for explaining the configuration of each type of A-IoT device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0140] A-IoT devices can have various types, and the types of A-IoT devices currently being discussed in 3GPP standardization are as follows.

[0141] Device Type 1 (Fig. 10): 1uW power consumption, energy storage, and backscattering support.

[0142] Device Type 2a (Fig. 11): 100 uW power consumption, energy storage, backscattering, DL and / or UL amplifier support

[0143] Device Type 2b (Fig. 12): Power consumption of 100 uW, energy storage, active signal generation, DL and / or UL amplifier support.

[0144] At this time, device type 1 / 2a transmits the transmission signal by backscattering it, and device type 2b transmits the signal by amplifying it through a power amplifier.

[0145]

[0146] Specifically, the composition of each type is as follows.

[0147] The A-IoT device illustrated in FIG. 10 may include a matching network (510), an RF energy harvester (520: harvester), a PMU (531: Power Management Unit), and an energy storage module (532) to support an energy storage function. In general, the RF energy harvester (520) extracts energy from a received RF signal and stores it in the energy storage module (532), thereby supporting the operation of a low-power consumption A-IoT device.

[0148] Meanwhile, for processing signals received through DL (specifically, the R2D link of the A-IoT system), an RF BPF (541: Band Pass Filter), an RF energy envelope detector (542), a BB LPF (543: BaseBand Low Pass Filter), a comparator / 1-bit ADC (552), and a clock generator (551) may be included.

[0149] It is currently under discussion whether the frequency band of the DL signal of the A-IoT device will be used fixedly or variably. Accordingly, the RF BPF (541) in the structure of FIG. 10 is indicated by a dotted line. However, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, for the case of Type 1, the use of a single channel is considered for the reasons described above.

[0150] Processing of the received DL signal and generation of the UL (specifically, the D2R link of the A-IoT system) signal can be performed by the BB logic (553) including a decoder, a controller, and an encoder, as illustrated in FIG. 10. The necessary information is stored by the memory (560), and the stored information can be reused by the BB logic (553).

[0151] The UL signal transmission of an A-IoT device can be transmitted through a backscatter modulator (570). Roughly speaking, an A-IoT device with a simple, low-power transmission structure transmits a UL signal by backscatter-ing the signal, and can perform line coding by adjusting the impedance to Z1 or Z2 as illustrated in FIG. 10.

[0152] Meanwhile, the A-IoT devices of type 2a and type 2b exemplarily illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12 may include a matching network (610, 731), an RF energy harvester (620, 732), a PMU (631, 733), and an energy storage module (632, 734) to support an energy storage function, similar to the type 1 device of FIG. 10. In addition, the type 2a and type 2b devices illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12 indicate that the energy harvester (630, 735) may be included separately as a module other than the RF unit.

[0153] In addition, for processing signals received by DL, an RF BPF (641, 740: Band Pass Filter), a BB LPF (643, 743: BaseBand Low Pass Filter), a comparator / 1-bit ADC (652, 751), and a clock generator (651) may be included in the same manner as in the Type 1 device, but in the embodiments of the present invention, it is assumed that the Type 2a device omits the RF BPF (641) configuration for the reasons described above.

[0154] In addition, in the case of the type 2a device of FIG. 11 and the type 2b device of FIG. 12, it is characterized in that an amplifier configuration such as an LNA (Low Noise Amplifier; 642, 741), a BB amplifier (643, 743), and an RF envelope detector (645, 742) can be additionally included for signal amplification.

[0155] Likewise, it is currently under discussion whether the frequency band of the DL signal of the A-IoT device will be used fixedly or variably, and accordingly, the LNA (642, 741) in the structures of FIGS. 11 and 12 is indicated by a dotted line. As described above, if the DL channel (R2D channel) is fixed to one, the LNA (642, 741) may be omitted.

[0156] Processing of the received DL signal and generation of the UL signal can be performed by the BB logic (653, 752) including a decoder, a controller, and an encoder as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, and the necessary information is stored by the memory (660, 760), and the stored information can be reused in the BB logic (653, 752).

[0157] In addition, in the case of a Type 2a device, UL signal transmission can be transmitted through a backscatter modulator (670), and in the case of a Type 2a device illustrated in FIG. 11, unlike the Type 1 device of FIG. 10, it is characterized in that it can amplify and transmit a signal by additionally including a large frequency shifter (661) and a reflection amplifier (680).

[0158] In addition, for a type 2b device, a UL signal can be actively transmitted through a Tx modulator (761), a DAC (762), an LPF (770), and a PA (780) without using a backscatter modulator as shown in FIG. 12.

[0159]

[0160] The uplink signals transmitted by A-IoT devices can be viewed as signals to which line coding is applied by the backscatter modulator (570, 670) as described in FIGS. 10 and 11, or as UL signals that are actively transmitted through the Tx modulator (761), the DAC (762), the LPF (770), and the PA (780) as illustrated in FIG. 12. Accordingly, the positions of the A-IoT devices transmitting the uplink signals in the frequency domain can be modulated, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the uplink signals of the A-IoT devices of each group specified at the request of the reader (220) are transmitted in the FDMA (Frequency Divisional Multiple Access) method according to the allocation of a frequency unit larger than the frequency domain modulation by the line coding, and it is proposed that signals between the A-IoT devices (210d-210n) within each group are transmitted in the TDMA (Time Divisional Multiple Access) method to prevent collisions.

[0161]

[0162] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the concept of group-specific frequency allocation according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0163] As described above with reference to FIG. 3, the first message transmitted by the reader (220) may additionally include frequency information (F) set for each group according to the device / group ID in addition to the group ID and the above-described time information (Q). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the first message may be used to include the frequency information (F) without the device / group ID and / or time information (Q). It is preferable that this frequency information (F), like the time information (Q), be transmitted through a physical layer control channel (e.g., PR2DCH (Physical Reader to Device Channel)) that transmits the first message.

[0164] This frequency information may be determined randomly, but may also be determined as a different value for each device / group in order to multiplex the uplink signals of A-IoT devices in each group in FDMA mode, or may be set by considering the number of A-IoT devices belonging to each group.

[0165] The frequency at which the A-IoT device transmits the second message is the reference frequency F c , a predetermined level of FS corresponding to one or more ambient IoT devices (i) i When F c - FS i or F c + FS i It can be set to correspond to . A certain level of frequency shift for applying the FDMA method can be viewed as a type of frequency shift (FS) called Small Frequency Shift (SFS).

[0166] In one embodiment of the present invention, more specifically, as shown in the drawing reference number 1010 of FIG. 13, a reference frequency (f) for backscattering cw , 1011) with the subcarrier spacing (f) as the center scs ) corresponds to a frequency that differs by an integer multiple of the frequency information (F), and it is proposed that the integer multiple here is determined based on the frequency information (F). This can be expressed as follows.

[0167] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0168] fcw ±F*fsc

[0169] For example, the frequency for transmitting the second message can be randomly selected within the range of values ​​when setting the 2-bit “F” value in the FDMA command. (For example, when setting the F value to “10” = 2, the frequency can be randomly generated within the range of 2 to transmit data due to backscattering.) cw + 2*f scs It can be transmitted by shifting the frequency as much as possible.

[0170] Meanwhile, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in reference numeral 1020 of FIG. 13, the F value is set differently for each device / group, and it is proposed to multiplex uplink signals of A-IoT devices or groups of A-IoT devices in the FDMA manner. For example, when FDMA is activated with a group ID + FDMA command combination in the first message (when the FDMA command is set to “True” for the group), FDMA is performed and at this time, group A = f in ascending order cw + 3*f scs, Group B = f cw + 2*f scs , group C = f cw + 1*f scs can be set to .

[0171] In another embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that the above-described frequency (F) is determined based on the R value, which is a repetition value of line coding transmitted through the first message.

[0172] Specifically, the default value of SFS can be defined as R=1 (No Small Frequency Shift). When the center position of the waveform when R=1 compared to the reference frequency (fcw) is referred to as fc, SFS when R is greater than 1 can correspond to fc * R.

[0173]

[0174] FIG. 14 is a drawing for explaining a communication method in an A-IoT system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0175] As illustrated in FIG. 14, the base station (220) can receive an A-IoT service request from the server (230) (S910). For example, the server (230) can transmit an inventory for identifying A-IoT devices (210) and other commands to the base station (220).

[0176] The base station (220) can set the tag ID based on the command received from the server (230) and set whether to respond for each identifier. (For example, when a command is transmitted from the server (230) to “Business Operator A,” only the corresponding field of the tag ID is activated.)

[0177] After that, the base station (220) can transmit (S920) a first message including a tag ID to the A-IoT devices (210), and FIG. 14 illustrates the first message as a paging-like message.

[0178] Accordingly, the A-IoT device (210) corresponding to the tag ID can transmit a second message to the base station (220) (S930), and FIG. 14 illustrates the second message as a RA (Random Access)-like procedure.

[0179] After the RA-like procedure is completed in this way, the A-IoT device (210) can transmit uplink data including the device ID to the server (230) via the base station (220). In one embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that a message transmitting such uplink data is also transmitted using the FDMA method, and frequency information to be used for transmitting such message can be obtained through the first message or a subsequent transmission message of the base station (220).

[0180] The server (230) may transmit additional commands (e.g., read / write) to the base station (220) as needed (S950), and based on this, the base station (220) may transmit downlink data to the A-IoT device (210) (S950). In response, the A-IoT device (210) may transmit uplink data to the server (230) via the base station (220) (S960).

[0181]

[0182] In addition, in another embodiment of the present invention, when requesting an A-IoT service from a server (230) (S910), the tag ID may be included and transmitted to the base station (220) separately from the tag ID (hereinafter referred to as the 'first tag ID') transmitted by the base station (220) through the first message, and the tag ID at this time may be referred to as the 'second tag ID' to distinguish it from the tag ID generated / transmitted by the base station (220).

[0183] In this example, the base station (220) can generate the tag ID of the first message based on the second tag ID, and in some cases, can use the second tag ID as the first tag ID or, if necessary, set some field values ​​and transmit it.

[0184]

[0185] FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining a method of operating by setting a field of a tag ID to a specific value according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0186] In this embodiment, when one or more fields of the operator ID field (710), owner ID field (720), group identifier field (730), and other additional factors (740) of the tag ID have a specific value (e.g., NULL or 0000..) that is not used for group distinction, a method is proposed in which groups are distinguished by one or more other fields that do not have the specific value.

[0187] Fields having specific values ​​such as NULL or 0000 may be configured by the base station as a tag ID without any separate settings at the request of the server, and if a specific field of the second tag ID is set to NULL or 0000 in an embodiment in which a second tag ID is received from the server, the base station may use it in the first message transmitted to the IoT device without any special additional settings.

[0188] This method has the advantage of not requiring separate configuration at the base station for response. When a command is triggered from the server, the base station transmits a null value for any uninputted identifier, allowing the base station to transmit the command to the IoT device via the first message without any additional action.

[0189] IoT devices can reference that value and not respond to groups that are set to Null or “000..” values, and only respond to IoT devices that correspond to fields that are not set to “Null” or “000..”.

[0190] In the example of FIG. 15, only a specific group of IoT devices corresponding to the owner ID can respond and transmit a second message to the base station.

[0191]

[0192] FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a concept of setting at least one of time information and frequency information by considering a collision rate according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0193] As described above with respect to FIG. 7, when an A-IoT device (210) performs random access, a collision may occur between random accesses between A-IoT devices, as shown in FIG. 16. In this case, a reader according to an embodiment of the present invention may monitor a random access collision error rate by counting the collision occurrence rate.

[0194] [Equation 2]

[0195] RA Collision rate = number of occasions where collisions occurred / 2 Q

[0196]

[0197] Here, the random access transmission opportunity (occasion) can be set in units of 5G slots, but need not be limited thereto.

[0198] Also, 2 Qcan correspond to the total number of available transmission opportunities.

[0199] Using the collision rate concept, as shown in Equation 2 above, the reader can set the Q value to maintain the collision rate below a predetermined threshold. For example, if the number of transmission opportunities where collisions occur is high, the Q value can be increased to maintain the collision rate in the group below a predetermined threshold.

[0200] Additionally, in managing the collision rate as described above, the reader can receive a report from the A-IoT device on the number of transmission opportunities in which a collision occurred, and can also receive and utilize the retransmission counter described above in relation to FIG. 7.

[0201]

[0202] As described above, in another aspect of the present invention, a method for efficiently scheduling a D2R link signal is proposed by considering the characteristics of each device type of ambient IoT and the differences between a D2R (Device to Reader) link and an R2D (Reader to Device) link.

[0203] FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a D2R link signal scheduling method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0204] As described above, in A-IoT, it is being discussed that multiple devices can transmit signals simultaneously by applying FDMA to the D2R channel, and Fig. 17 illustrates the concept of using multiple D2R channels (D2R ch #1 - #3) accordingly.

[0205] In contrast, when A-IoT devices receive R2D signals, considering the problem that Type 1 and Type 2a devices that perform envelope detection without a BPF (band pass filter) cannot distinguish the signals of each R2D channel when there are multiple R2D channels, it is proposed that only one R2D channel (R2D ch) be used as illustrated in Fig. 17.

[0206] Accordingly, a reader according to an embodiment of the present invention proposes transmitting (S310) a first message including scheduling information for a plurality of D2R channels through a single R2D channel. That is, considering the difference between the D2R link and the R2D link as described above, it is proposed to transmit scheduling information for a plurality of D2R channels (D2R ch #1 - #3) through the first message transmitted through a single R2D channel (R2D ch).

[0207] Accordingly, A-IoT devices can transmit D2R link signals based on scheduling information received through the first message (S320a - S320c). At this time, multiple D2R link channels (D2R ch #1 - #3) can be arranged in an FDMA manner.

[0208]

[0209] FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a method for efficiently multiplexing D2R signals of a plurality of A-IoT devices according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0210] In FIG. 18, the 'reader' is a device for securing data of A-IoT devices (210a-210n) and providing A-IoT services, and may be a base station (220) or an intermediate node (215) between the base station (220) and A-IoT devices (210a-210n).

[0211] For convenience of explanation, the following description assumes that the 'reader' corresponds to the base station (220), but is not limited thereto.

[0212] In addition, the 'D2R link' signal refers to a link transmitted from an A-IoT device (210) to a reader (220), and can correspond to an 'uplink' in LTE and NR communications, but is used separately to refer to a specific directional link of the above-described A-IoT system.

[0213]

[0214] Referring to FIG. 18, the reader (220) can transmit a first message including scheduling information for D2R link signal transmission to a plurality of A-IoT devices (210a - 210n) (S310a - S310n). Such scheduling information includes scheduling information for a plurality of D2R channels as described above, and accordingly, the plurality of A-IoT devices (210a - 210n) can transmit D2R link signals to the reader (220) (S320).

[0215]

[0216] Against this backdrop, the following describes a specific scheduling method for each situation of A-IoT communication.

[0217]

[0218] First, in one embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that the status of devices in an A-IoT system is defined as follows.

[0219] Arbitrate state or waiting state: When the size of the round (or the number of round occasions) received, such as through an inventory command, is greater than the slot counter randomly generated by the device.

[0220] Acknowledged state: After receiving an inventory or query response command (QueryRep command), the slot counter becomes 0, a random number (RN) is transmitted as a message corresponding to the first message (msg-1) of random access, and an ACK is waited for reception.

[0221] A device in this confirmation state can transmit its ID (e.g., EPC (Electronic Product Code)) in a message corresponding to the second message (msg-3) of random access after receiving an ACK.

[0222] Accordingly, if a device receives a query response (QueryRep) after transmitting an EPC, the device can process the inventory as complete. If the device fails to receive a query response or receives a NACK, the device can return to the arbitration state.

[0223] FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a scheduling method of D2R link signals in response to an inventory command of A-IoT according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0224] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a reader proposes to transmit available D2R channel information when transmitting a query command, such as an inventory command. In this case, a format such as a bitmap can be used to transmit the D2R channel information.

[0225] For example, if the number of D2R channels defined in the A-IoT system is N and a specific reader uses D2R channels 0, 1, and 2, bitmap information consisting of N bits in the format (1,1,1,0,….,0) can be transmitted as illustrated in FIG. 19. Alternatively, in the same situation, the maximum number of channels used by the reader (n=3) can be transmitted as illustrated in FIG. 19.

[0226] At this time, the D2R channel can be randomly selected by the device, or a D2R channel designated by the reader can be used. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 19 illustrates an example in which the device selects a D2R channel from among the plurality of D2R channels and sets the RACH to be attempted based on information about the plurality of D2R channels received from the reader. That is, the D2R link signals of the A-IoT devices that have received bitmap-format scheduling information can be transmitted through any one of the D2R channels used (D2R ch #1-#3), and FIG. 19 illustrates a situation in which responses including random numbers (RN) 3 and 4 transmitted by random access on any one channel (D2R ch #3) collide.

[0227]

[0228] FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining a scheduling method of D2R link signals in a random access situation according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0229] Each device can randomly select a channel to attempt random access from among the available D2R channels notified by the reader through a query command or the like and transmit an arbitrary number as msg-1. Based on the random numbers received for each D2R channel, the reader can transmit all random numbers that successfully resolved contention without collision in a single ACK message (S1210).

[0230] Devices with the same random number (RN) transmitted as msg-1 and the same RN of ACK can transmit EPC as msg-3 (S1220).

[0231] The reader may transmit a question-and-response bitmap only for D2R channels that have received a valid EPC or no response, excluding channels that have received an invalid EPC (S1230). Devices that do not have a channel corresponding to the D2R channel bitmap of the question-and-response may be considered to have received a NACK.

[0232]

[0233] FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 are diagrams for explaining a scheduling method of D2R link signals according to other embodiments of the present invention.

[0234] In one embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that all R2D commands other than query and response commands include a D2R channel bitmap, thereby simultaneously controlling devices using multiple D2R channels with a single command. FIG. 21 illustrates a case where a query command includes a D2R channel bitmap and is scheduled (S1310) to transmit an arbitrary number of data through the D2R channels of the devices (S1320).

[0235] Meanwhile, in the case where the R2D command is transmitted separately for each D2R channel, one embodiment of the present invention proposes to sequentially transmit (S1330a, S1330b) the commands for the D2R channels as illustrated in FIG. 21 (S1330). That is, in the case where one R2D command corresponds to one D2R channel, scheduling of all D2R channels is possible by sequentially transmitting commands on the R2D channels for valid RN_1 and RN_3 among the arbitrary numbers received in step S1320 as illustrated in FIG. 21.

[0236]

[0237] In contrast, when transmitting commands such as NACK and QueryRep, it is desirable to specify the number of the D2R channel so that the device can distinguish which D2R channel the command corresponds to, and Fig. 22 describes this method.

[0238] Specifically, FIG. 22 illustrates a case where a reader receives EPCs from devices via D2R channels (S1410) and then transmits a NACK and a query response in response (S1420a - S1420c). As illustrated in FIG. 22, when transmitting a NACK and a query response, the device can distinguish which D2R channel the command corresponds to by specifying the D2R channel number.

[0239] Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, the receiving device may be specified by transmitting an ID that can specify the device, such as a short ID, instead of a channel number.

[0240] Meanwhile, when performing non-contention-based random access, if the reader specifies a device ID in an inventory command, etc. for non-contention-based random access, the D2R channel number can also be specified. In this case, the D2R channel number can be configured as a bitmap. In this case, the device can transmit an EPC through the corresponding D2R channel.

[0241]

[0242] Figure 23 illustrates a wireless device to which the present technology can be applied.

[0243] Referring to FIG. 23, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can correspond to the A-IoT devices (210a-210n) and readers (215, 220) of FIG. 3, respectively.

[0244] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). In addition, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE E-UTRA, 5G NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0245] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). Furthermore, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may store software code including commands for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE E-UTRA, 5G NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0246] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0247] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0248] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0249] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0250]

[0251] The detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above has been provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement and practice the present invention. While the above description has been made with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, those skilled in the art can utilize the individual components described in the above-described embodiments in combination with each other.

[0252] Accordingly, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0253] The control method and devices therefor for specifying an ambient IoT device to transmit an uplink signal according to a situation among a plurality of ambient IoT devices according to embodiments of the present invention as described above and reducing collisions between uplink signals are suitable for use in a 3GPP-based mobile communication environment, but as described above, they can also be widely used in communication methods other than 3GPP to efficiently reduce collisions between uplink signals in an ambient IoT environment.

Claims

1. In a mobile communication system supporting ambient IoT (Internet of Things), a method for controlling uplink signal transmission of multiple ambient IoT devices by a reader is provided. Transmitting a first message including frequency information to one or more ambient IoT devices among the plurality of ambient IoT devices; and Including receiving a second message through a frequency corresponding to the frequency information from one or more ambient IoT devices, The frequency corresponding to the above frequency information is It corresponds to a frequency that differs by a certain level in the + or - direction from the reference frequency. An uplink signal control method, wherein the above predetermined level is determined based on the above frequency information.

2. In paragraph 1, The above reference frequency is F c , the predetermined level corresponding to the above one or more ambient IoT devices (i) FS i When you say, The frequency corresponding to the above frequency information is F c - FS i or F c + FS i corresponding to, Uplink signal control method.

3. In paragraph 1, The above predetermined level corresponds to an integer multiple of the subcarrier spacing. Uplink signal control method.

4. In paragraph 1, The above one or more ambient IoT devices correspond to a specific group of ambient IoT devices, The first message includes a group ID corresponding to the specific group, frequency information and time information whose values ​​are set according to the group ID. Uplink signal control method.

5. In paragraph 4, The second message above is, Received in a distributed manner within a time period set based on the above time information, Uplink signal control method.

6. In paragraph 4, The above frequency information is, An uplink signal control method in which different values ​​are set according to the above group ID and uplink signals for each group are multiplexed using the FDMA (Frequency Divisional Multiple Access) method.

7. In paragraph 4, If the second message is successfully received, a third message is transmitted in response to the second message; and An uplink signal control method, further comprising receiving a fourth message including a tag ID and data responding to the first message from an ambient IoT device that has received the third message.

8. In paragraph 7, At least one of the above frequency information or the above time information, An uplink signal control method in which a value in the second round is determined by considering the collision rate of the second message reception in the first round.

9. In paragraph 4, The above group ID is, An uplink signal control method corresponding to a tag ID including an operator ID field, an owner ID field, and a group identifier field.

10. In paragraph 9, The above tag ID is, An uplink signal control method comprising one or more additional fields selected from the group consisting of a manufacturer ID field, a factory ID field, and a warehouse ID field.

11. In paragraph 1, The above first semi is transmitted through one R2D (Reader to Device) channel, An uplink signal control method for transmitting scheduling information for a plurality of D2R (Device-to-Reader) channels of a plurality of ambient IoT devices through the first message transmitted through the one R2D channel.

12. In paragraph 11, If the above first message corresponds to an inventory command message, The above inventory command message includes scheduling information for the plurality of D2R channels in bitmap format. Uplink signal control method.

13. In paragraph 11, When transmitting the first message in a contention-free random access process, The first message includes an ID of one or more specific ambient IoT devices among the plurality of ambient IoT devices and information about a specific D2R channel to be used by the one or more ambient IoT devices. Uplink signal control method.

14. In paragraph 11, Receive a third message including IDs of the plurality of ambient IoT devices from the plurality of ambient IoT devices; Transmitting a fourth message as a response message to the above plurality of ambient IoT devices, The fourth message above includes information on the D2R channel that successfully received a valid ambient IoT device ID in bitmap form. Uplink signal control method.

15. In paragraph 11, The reader transmits a fifth message sequentially containing commands for the plurality of D2R channels, Uplink signal control method.

16. In paragraph 15, If the above fifth message contains a specific type of command including a NACK or a query response, In addition, it includes specific information of the D2R channel corresponding to the specific type of command. Uplink signal control method.

17. In a mobile communication system supporting Ambient IoT (Internet of Things), a method for an Ambient IoT device to respond to a message from a reader, Receive a first message containing frequency information from the reader; and Including transmitting a second message to the reader via a frequency corresponding to the frequency information, The frequency corresponding to the above frequency information is It corresponds to a frequency that differs by a certain level in the + or - direction from the reference frequency. A method for responding to a reader message, wherein the above predetermined level is determined based on the above frequency information.

18. In paragraph 17, The above reference frequency is F c , the predetermined level corresponding to the above one or more ambient IoT devices (i) FS i When you say, The frequency corresponding to the above frequency information is F c - FS i or F c + FS i corresponding to, How to respond to reader messages.

19. In a reader of a mobile communication system supporting Ambient IoT (Internet of Things), at least one processor; and At least one computer memory operably connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause said at least one processor to perform operations; The above actions are, Transmitting a first message including frequency information to one or more ambient IoT devices among the plurality of ambient IoT devices; and Including receiving a second message through a frequency corresponding to the frequency information from one or more ambient IoT devices, The frequency corresponding to the above frequency information is It corresponds to a frequency that differs by a certain level in the + or - direction from the reference frequency. The above predetermined level is determined based on the above frequency information, reader.

20. In an ambient IoT device of a mobile communication system supporting the Ambient IoT (Internet of Things), at least one processor; and At least one computer memory operably connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause said at least one processor to perform operations; The above actions are, Receive a first message containing frequency information from the reader; and Including transmitting a second message to the reader via a frequency corresponding to the frequency information, The frequency corresponding to the above frequency information is It corresponds to a frequency that differs by a certain level in the + or - direction from the reference frequency. An ambient IoT device, wherein the above predetermined level is determined based on the above frequency information.

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