Methods, architectures, apparatuses and systems for network energy savings adaptations with sounding reference signals

Abstract

Methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems directed to network energy savings adaptations with sounding reference signals are described herein. In an embodiment, a method, implemented in a WTRU, may include receiving a first indication indicating an activation of one or more reference beam states and a second indication indicating an activation of one or more reference signal sub-configurations. The method may include determining one or more usable reference beam states based on the first indication and the second indication. The one or more usable reference beam states may be indicated as active reference beam states within one or more active reference signal sub-configurations. The method may include selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations for reference signal transmission based on one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states.

Description

METHODS, ARCHITECTURES, APPARATUSES AND SYSTEMS FOR NETWORK ENERGY SAVINGS ADAPTATIONS WITH SOUNDING REFERENCE SIGNALSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of US Patent Application No. 63 / 574,436 filed April 04, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure is generally directed to the fields of communications, software and encoding, including methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems directed to network energy savings (NES) adaptations with sounding reference signals (SRS).BACKGROUND

[0003] Current standards enable the network to minimize its energy consumption due to transmissions and receptions. Such network energy savings (NES) capabilities include performing adaptations in multiple domains including the spatial domain, the time domain, the frequency domain or the power domain. Embodiments described herein have been designed with the foregoing in mind.SUMMARY

[0004] Methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems directed to NES adaptations with SRS are described herein. In an embodiment, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) is described. The WTRU may include circuitry including any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory. The circuitry may be configured to receive a first indication indicating an activation of one or more reference beam states. The circuitry may be configured to receive a second indication indicating an activation of one or more reference signal sub-configurations of a plurality of reference signal sub-configurations. The circuitry may be configured to determine one or more usable reference beam states based on the first indication and the second indication. In various embodiments, the one or more usable reference beam states may be indicated as active reference beam states within one or more active reference signal sub-configurations. The circuitry may be configured to select at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations for reference signal transmission based on one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states. The circuitry may be configured to transmit one or more reference signals in one or more resources associated with the selected at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations.

[0005] In an embodiment, a method implemented in a WTRU is described. The method may include receiving a first indication indicating an activation of one or more reference beam states. The method may include receiving a second indication indicating an activation of one or morereference signal sub-configurations of a plurality of reference signal sub-configurations. The method may include determining one or more usable reference beam states based on the first indication and the second indication. In various embodiments, the one or more usable reference beam states may be indicated as active reference beam states within one or more active reference signal sub-configurations. The method may include selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations for reference signal transmission based on one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states. The method may include transmitting one or more reference signals in one or more resources associated with the selected at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] A more detailed understanding may be had from the detailed description below, given by way of example in conjunction with drawings appended hereto. Figures in such drawings, like the detailed description, are examples. As such, the Figures (FIGs.) and the detailed description are not to be considered limiting, and other equally effective examples are possible and likely. Furthermore, like reference numerals ("ref.") in the FIGs. indicate like elements, and wherein:

[0007] FIG. 1 A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system;

[0008] FIG. IB is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A;

[0009] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A;

[0010] FIG. ID is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A;

[0011] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example procedure for determination of sounding reference signals (SRS) sub-configurations by a WTRU;

[0012] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example first method for determining one or more reference signal sub-configurations implemented in a WTRU;

[0013] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example second method for determining one or more reference signal sub-configurations implemented in a WTRU;

[0014] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example third method for determining one or more reference signal sub-configurations implemented in a WTRU; and

[0015] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example method for determining one or more reference signal sub-configurations implemented in a network element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail, so as not to obscure the following description. Further, embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be practiced in lieu of, or in combination with, the embodiments and other examples described, disclosed or otherwise provided explicitly, implicitly and / or inherently (collectively "provided") herein. Although various embodiments are described and / or claimed herein in which an apparatus, system, device, etc. and / or any element thereof carries out an operation, process, algorithm, function, etc. and / or any portion thereof, it is to be understood that any embodiments described and / or claimed herein assume that any apparatus, system, device, etc. and / or any element thereof is configured to carry out any operation, process, algorithm, function, etc. and / or any portion thereof.

[0017] Example Communications System

[0018] The methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein are well-suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided with respect to FIGs. 1A-1D, where various elements of the network may utilize, perform, be arranged in accordance with and / or be adapted and / or configured for the methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein.

[0019] FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), singlecarrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail (ZT) unique-word (UW) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block- filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0020] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110,and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a "station" and / or a "STA", may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or be) a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi- Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0021] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, e.g., to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or the networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NB), an eNode-B (eNB), a Home Node-B (HNB), a Home eNode-B (HeNB), a gNode-B (gNB), a NR Node-B (NR NB), a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0022] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in an embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In anembodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0023] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0024] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0025] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0026] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0027] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).

[0028] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 IX, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), InterimStandard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0029] The base station 114b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node-B, Home eNode- B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of a small cell, picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1 A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0030] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1 A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may be utilizing an NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing any of a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technology.

[0031] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite.The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0032] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0033] FIG. IB is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. IB, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other elements / peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0034] The processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. IB depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together, e.g., in an electronic package or chip.

[0035] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive bothRF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0036] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. IB as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. For example, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0037] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0038] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), readonly memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0039] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0040] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being receivedfrom two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0041] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other elements / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules / units that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the elements / peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The elements / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0042] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the uplink (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0043] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0044] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, forexample, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0045] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), and the like. As shown in FIG. 1C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0046] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any one of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0047] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an SI interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0048] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the SI interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0049] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0050] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0051] Although the WTRU is described in FIGs. 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0052] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0053] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have an access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. The peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802. l ie DLS or an 802.1 Iz tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" mode of communication.

[0054] When using the 802.1 lac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example in in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0055] High throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadj acent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0056] Very high throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combiningcontiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above-described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to a medium access control (MAC) layer, entity, etc.

[0057] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.1 laf and 802.11 ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.1 laf and 802.1 lah relative to those used in802.1 In, and 802.1 lac. 802.1 laf supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.1 lah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment,802.1 lah may support meter type control / machine-type communications (MTC), such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0058] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as802.1 In, 802.1 lac, 802.1 laf, and 802.1 lah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.1 lah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode), transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the frequency bands remains idle and may be available.

[0059] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802.1 lah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.1 lah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0060] FIG. ID is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0061] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0062] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., including a varying number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0063] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non- standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non- standaloneconfiguration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non- standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0064] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, and the like. As shown in FIG. ID, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0065] The CN 115 shown in FIG. ID may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0066] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b, e.g., to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and / or the like. The AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0067] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IP -based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0068] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, e.g., to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184a, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multihomed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0069] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In an embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0070] In view of FIGs. 1 A-1D, and the corresponding description of FIGs. 1 A-1D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to any of: WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a- b, eNode-Bs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a- b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or any other element(s) / device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation elements / devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0071] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in orderto test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or may performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0072] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0073] Throughout embodiments described herein the terms "base station", "network", and "gNB", collectively "the network" may be used interchangeably to designate any network element such as e.g., a network element acting as a serving base station. Embodiments described herein are not limited to gNBs and are applicable to any other type of base stations.

[0074] For the sake of clarity, satisfying, failing to satisfy a condition, and configuring condition parameter(s) are described throughout embodiments described herein as relative to a threshold (e.g., greater, or lower than) a (e.g., threshold) value, configuring the (e.g., threshold) value, etc. For example, satisfying a condition may be described as being above a (e.g., threshold) value, and failing to satisfy a condition may be described as being below a (e.g., threshold) value. Embodiments described herein are not limited to threshold-based conditions. Any kind of other condition and param eter(s) (such as e.g., belonging or not belonging to a range of values) may be applicable to embodiments described herein.

[0075] Throughout embodiments described herein, (e.g., configuration) information may be described as received by a WTRU from the network, for example, through system information or via any kind of protocol message. Although not explicitly mentioned throughout embodiments described herein, the same (e.g., configuration) information may be pre-configured in the WTRU (e.g., via any kind of pre-configuration methods such as e.g., via factory settings), such that this (e.g., configuration) information may be used by the WTRU without being received from the network.

[0076] Throughout embodiments described herein, the expression "the WTRU may be configured with a set of parameters" is equivalent or may be used interchangeably with "theWTRU may receive configuration information (e.g., from another network element (e.g., gNB)) indicating a set of parameters". Throughout embodiments described herein, the expressions "the WTRU may report something", and "the WTRU may be configured to report something", is equivalent or may be used interchangeably with "the WTRU may transmit (e.g., reporting) information indicating something". Throughout embodiments described herein, the expression "the WTRU may provide ( / be provided) with a set of parameters ( / something)" is equivalent or may be used interchangeably with "the WTRU may transmit ( / receive) information indicating a set of parameters ( / something)".

[0077] In embodiments described herein, "a" and "an" and similar phrases are to be interpreted as "one or more" and "at least one". Similarly, any term which ends with the suffix "(s)" is to be interpreted as "one or more" and "at least one". The term "may" is to be interpreted as "may, for example".

[0078] A symbol " / " (e.g., forward slash) may be used herein to represent "and / or", where for example, "A / B" may imply "A and / or B".

[0079] In embodiments described herein, "list of', "set of' and "one or more of' may be used interchangeably.

[0080] In embodiments described herein, "identity" and "identifier" may be used interchangeably to refer to how a network element (or a WTRU) may be identified.

[0081] In embodiments described herein, a network element may refer to any kind of device including computing resources and networking capabilities, that may be connected to a network. A network element may be any kind of network infrastructure device and or a WTRU. The architecture depicted at FIG. IB for a WTRU 102 may be applicable more generally to any kind of network element.

[0082] In embodiments described herein, the terms "node" and "network element" may be used interchangeably.

[0083] Examples of network energy savings are described herein.

[0084] The current standards enable the network to reduce its energy consumption due to transmissions and receptions. Such network energy savings (NES) capabilities may include performing adaptations in multiple domains including any of the spatial domain (e.g., power off subsets of any of antenna ports, elements and panels), the time domain (e.g., apply cell discontinuous transmission (DTX) / discontinuous reception (DRX) and / or apply long periodicity for synchronization signal block (SSB) transmissions), the frequency domain (e.g., disable one or more carriers or bandwidth parts (BWPs)) and the power domain (e.g., apply lower power offset values).

[0085] The NES enhancements supported in Release 18 were specified with the assumption that the network (NW) may be lightly or moderately loaded in terms of achievable throughput by the WTRUs in cells. Future releases or generations may be expected to support more advanced capabilities and features for NES e.g., in high load scenarios. In high load scenarios, the NW may be (e.g., considered to be) active most of the time, where the transmissions and receptions may be done when the load level may be at least 75%, for example. In an example (e.g., both) the DL and UL traffic may be expected to have higher degree of dynamicity. For improving NES gains in high load, the NW nodes may be expected to quickly transition to an NES mode after using high load capabilities (e.g., any of a high number of antenna elements / ports, multiple transmission layers and carriers). For example, faster adaptation at NW may allow to perform any transmissions and receptions of large amount of data as fast as possible and may enable the NW nodes to operate in dormant and NES modes (e.g., much) longer.

[0086] In high load scenarios, achieving (e.g., obtaining) NW energy savings may be challenging and opportunities to determine a suitable (e.g., applicable) NES adaptation at the NW nodes may be limited. For example, it may be challenging and / or costly for the NW nodes to configure resources (e.g., channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS)) for measurements and receive frequent measurement reports associated with different hypothetical NES adaptations (e.g., spatial domain (SD) and / or power domain (PD) adaptations) without impacting the WTRU perceived throughput (UPT) performance and / or other quality of service (QoS) requirements.

[0087] The challenges for identifying suitable (e.g., applicable) NES adaptations can apply in different deployment scenarios, including any of single cell and / or transmission / reception point (TRP), multi-panel (e.g., multiple antenna ports / elements per panel), multi-cell, multi-TRP, combined deployment of non-terrestrial network (NTN) nodes and terrestrial network (TN) nodes, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) units. Such challenges for high load scenarios were not addressed in previous releases based on the focus being on low and medium load scenarios and avoiding any impacts to legacy WTRUs.

[0088] Third generation partnership project (3GPP) Rel-18 for new radio (NR) supports CSI-RS reporting enhancements for enabling adaptations in the spatial domain (SD) and power domain (PD). In SD, type 1 adaptations may correspond to the case where (e.g., all) the antenna elements associated with a logical antenna port may be enabled / disabled. In SD type 2 adaptations (e.g., only) a subset of antenna elements associated with a logical antenna port may be enabled / disabled. In PD, adaptation of power control offset between a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and CSI-RS may be supported. For supporting the SD and PD adaptations, the WTRU may be configured with a first number (which may be referred to as L) greater than or equal to a secondnumber (which may be referred to as N) of sub-configurations in a CSI report setting, and a (e.g., each) sub-configuration may contain parameters for SD and / or PD adaptation (e.g., any of a port subset indication, (e.g., a list of) CSI-RS resources, power offset values). Upon (e.g., after) triggering, the WTRU may perform measurements of the CSI-RS associated with different subconfigurations and may transmit the multi-CSI in a (e.g., single) reporting instance. The Rel-18 enhancements may enable some energy savings at NW by applying SD and / or PD adaptations. The CSI-RS reporting assisted adaptations may come at the expense of high latency and high resource utilization at WTRU (e.g., for measurements and processing).

[0089] In an example, the NW may configure / trigger SRS transmissions from the WTRUs for determining NES adaptations that may be applicable for (e.g., both) UL and DL based on the UL SRS measurements and DL channel reciprocity. This approach may allow the NW to minimize energy consumption at the NW nodes (e.g., by shutdown of one or more antenna panels / elements) while incurring lower latency for measurements / reporting and identifying an adaptation scheme suitable for (e.g., applicable to) the load conditions.

[0090] Embodiments described herein may allow to determine how SRS transmissions may be configured and / or triggered at the WTRU to assist the NW nodes to identify suitable (e.g., applicable) NES adaptations (e.g., SD / PD adaptations).

[0091] Embodiments described herein may allow to support fast (e.g., faster) mechanisms with SRS transmissions in anticipation or in response to SD / PD adaptations at NW.

[0092] An example of determination of SRS sub-configurations is described herein.

[0093] In an example, a WTRU may determine the SRS sub-configs from a (e.g., preconfigured) set for SRS transmission based on the reception of (e.g., triggering) indication(s) on any of the activation of transmission configuration indication (TCI) states and the activation of SRS sub- configs.

[0094] In an example, the WTRU may receive configuration information, including (e.g., indicating) at least one SRS configuration comprising one or more SRS sub-configs, where a (e.g., each) SRS sub-configuration may include (e.g., indicate) any of the following parameters: (i) SRS resource information (e.g., indicating any of resources in time and / or frequency domains, port subset, IDs, ...) (ii) one or more TCI states, where a (e.g., each) TCI state may be associated with a DL reference signal (RS) resource (e.g., any of SSB index, CSI-RS resource ID) as a quasicolocation (QCL) source. For example, TCI states in different SRS sub-configs may be nonoverlapping (e.g., TCI states of SRS subconfigl = {TCI1, TCI2}, TCI states of SRS subconfig2 = {TCI3, TCI4}, and TCI states of SRS subconfig3 = {TCI5, TCI6}). For example, a (e.g., each)SRS sub-configuration may be associated with an NES adaptation (e.g., shutdown of antenna elements / panel at the NW node).

[0095] In an example, the WTRU may receive a (e.g., first) indication indicating the activation of one or more TCI states (e.g., in downlink control information (DCI)). For example, the activation status (e.g., active or not active) of a set of TCI states may be indicated as follows: {TCI1 = active, TCI2 = active, TCI3 = active, TCI4 = not active, TCI5 = active, TCI6 = not active, TCI7 = active}. For example, the indicated TCI states may or may not be associated with the TCI states of SRS sub-configs. For example, the (e.g., first) indication may be received as part of an NES adaptation indication.

[0096] In an example, the WTRU may receive a (e.g., second) indication indicating the activation of one or more SRS sub-configs. For example, the indication may be received in any of a DCI and a MAC control element (MAC CE). The (e.g., second) indication may be received, in a bitmap format, where a bit may be associated with an SRS sub-configuration and may indicate the activation status (e.g., SRS subconfigl = active, SRS subconfig2 = active, SRS subconfig3 = not active). For example, the (e.g., second) indication may activate sub-configs configured with aperiodic or semi-persistent SRS.

[0097] In an example, the WTRU may determine one or more (e.g., usable) TCI states based on the received (e.g., first / second) indications on the activation of TCI states and SRS sub-configs (e.g., the WTRU may determine the (e.g., usable) TCI states as the active TCI states within the active SRS sub-configs). For example, the WTRU may determine the (e.g., usable) TCI states = {TCI1, TCI2, TCI3} for the example described above with SRS subconfigl and SRS subconfig2 active and the TCI states active within those SRS sub-configs = TCI1, TCI2, TCI3.

[0098] In an example, the WTRU may perform measurements (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements) of at least one DL RS associated with a (e.g., each of) the determined (e.g., usable) TCI states.

[0099] In an example, the WTRU may select one or more of the active SRS sub-configs for SRS transmission based on the measurements associated with the determined (e.g., usable) TCI states and / or the timing of the SRS resources associated with the active SRS sub-configs. For example: the WTRU may select an SRS sub-config (from the active SRS sub-configs) based on determining that (e.g., when) a DL RS measurement associated with a determined (e.g., usable) TCI state associated with the SRS sub-config satisfies a strength condition (e.g., exceeds an RSRP threshold). For example, the WTRU may select an SRS sub-config (from the active SRS sub- configs) based on determining that (e.g., when) it includes an SRS resource (e.g., earliest resource) among the SRS resources of the active SRS sub-configs that may satisfy at least one of thefollowing conditions: (i) the SRS resource is associated with a determined usable TCI state, (ii) the SRS resource begins no later than T [symbols / slots] (e.g., a period of time) after the WTRU may have received the (e.g., second) indication activating the SRS sub-config to which the SRS resource may belong, (iii) the SRS resource is an (e.g., an earliest) SRS resource occurring at or after a starting time for transmission indicated by an SRS / RS transmission request.

[0100] In an example, the WTRU may transmit SRS (e.g., based on scheduling that may be periodic or semi-persistent and / or based on a dynamic or aperiodic trigger) using at least one SRS resource in a (e.g., each of the) selected one or more active SRS sub-configs. For example, for a (e.g., each) SRS resource in which the WTRU may transmit SRS, the WTRU may determine an UL transmit (Tx) spatial filter for transmitting the SRS based on the TCI state (from the determined usable TCI states) associated with the SRS resource. For example, the WTRU may transmit SRS in SRS resources in the selected SRS sub-configs in a sequential order based on the index value of the selected SRS sub-configs.

[0101] Embodiments described herein may enable a flexibility at the NW to preconfigure SRS resources and associated TCI states at WTRU and trigger the SRS transmission based on the activated TCI states (e.g., only) when expected.

[0102] Embodiments described herein may incur lower SRS resource utilization based on dynamic triggering of partial / subset of SRS resources.

[0103] Embodiments described herein may allow to avoid the latency at WTRU due to processing of CSI-RS measurements and reporting of multi-CSI.

[0104] The following terminology is used and can be assumed throughout embodiments described herein.

[0105] Synchronization signal block (SSB) or synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block may include at least one of the following: a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) (data, master information block (MIB)) and PBCH (demodulation reference signal (DMRS)). The SSBs may be transmitted by the NW node (e.g., any of base station, TRP, relay node, RIS unit) in different directions as beams. The number of SSB beams in an SSB burst set, which may be transmitted periodically within an interval (e.g., five milliseconds) may depend on the carrier frequency. For example, an SSB burst may contain four SSBs for frequency range 1 (FR1) (< 3GHz), eight SSBs for FR1 (3 to 6GHz) and sixty-four SSBs for frequency range 2 (FR2). One or more SSBs may be transmitted as on-demand SSBs (OD-SSBs), which may, for example, comprise a subset of SSBs in a burst. Such OD-SSBs may be transmitted any of a-periodically, semi-persistently, and periodically with a periodicity. The transmission of such OD-SSBs may betriggered by any of the NW node and the WTRU (e.g., via transmission of an UL wake-up signal (WUS)). One or more SSBs may include slim / lean SSBs, which may comprise PSS (e.g., only), PSS and SSS (e.g., only), PBCH or a subset of MIB (e.g., only), for example.

[0106] Channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) may include at least one of the following: CSI-RS resource set (ID), CSI-RS resource (ID / index), resource mapping, power control offset values (e.g., with respect to PDSCH, SSB), scrambling ID, periodicity, offset and QCL info. CSI-RS may be transmitted in DL by the NW node as CSI-RS beams, via different resource types including any of periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic.

[0107] Channel state information (CSI) may include at least one of the following: channel quality index (CQI), rank indicator (RI), precoding matrix index (PMI), an layer 1 (LI) channel measurement (e.g., RSRP such as Ll-RSRP, or signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR)), CSI- RS resource indicator (CRI), SS / PBCH block resource indicator (SSBRI), layer indicator (LI) and / or any other measurement quantity measured by the WTRU from the configured CSI-RS and / or SS / PBCH (SSB) block.

[0108] Channel conditions may refer to any conditions relating to the state of the radio / channel, which may be determined by the WTRU from any of: a WTRU measurement (e.g., any of Ll / SINR / RSRP, CQI / modulation and coding scheme (MCS), channel occupancy, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), power headroom, exposure headroom), layer 3 (L3) / mobility-based measurements (e.g., RSRP, reference signal receive quality (RSRQ), s-measure), a radio link monitoring (RLM) state, and / or channel availability in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., whether the channel may be occupied based on determination of an listen before talk (LBT) procedure or whether the channel may be deemed to have experienced a (e.g., consistent, repeated) LBT failure).

[0109] A property of scheduling information (e.g., an uplink grant and / or a downlink assignment) may comprise at least one of the following: (i) a frequency allocation, (ii) an aspect of time allocation, such as time instance or / and a time duration, (iii) a priority, (iv) a modulation and coding scheme, (v) a transport block size, (vi) a number of spatial layers, (vii) a number of transport blocks to be carried, (viii) a TCI state and / or SRS resource indicator (SRI), (ix) a number of repetitions, (x) an indication of whether the grant may be a configured grant type 1 (e.g., WTRU immediately using the configured UL resources after receiving the configuration information), a configured grant type 2 (e.g., WTRU waiting for an explicit MAC CE indication before using the configured UL resources) or a dynamic grant.

[0110] An indication by DCI, or an indication, may be used to refer to an indication comprising at least one of the following: (i) an explicit indication by a DCI field or by radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) used to mask a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the physical downlink controlchannel (PDCCH), (ii) an implicit indication by a property such as any of a DCI format, a DCI size, a coreset or search space, an aggregation level, an identity of first control channel resource (e.g., index of first control channel element (CCE)) for a DCI, where the mapping (e.g., association) between the property and the value may be signaled (e.g., indicated) by radio resource control (RRC) and / or MAC, and (iii) an explicit indication by a DL MAC CE.

[0111] Throughout the embodiments described herein, the network may include any of a base station (e.g., any of gNB, TRP, RAN node, access node, NTN node, IAB node, RIS unit / node), a core network function (e.g., any of AMF, SMF, PCF, NEF) and an application function (e.g., edge server function, remote server function), for example. NES cells may refer to any of the network nodes that may be operating in an NES state / mode, including any of time, frequency, spatial and / or power domain adaptation modes.

[0112] Throughout the embodiments described herein, NES adaptations may include any of the adaptations at NW in any of the spatial domain (e.g., any of power off subsets of antenna ports, elements or panels), the time domain (e.g., (de)activation of cell DTX / DRX, apply long periodicity or sparse transmissions of common signal s / channels), the frequency domain (e.g., disable one or more carriers or BWPs) and the power domain (e.g., apply lower power offset values).

[0113] Throughout the embodiments described herein, the terms "activation", "active" and "activated" may be used interchangeably when used in association with any of an SRS sub-config and a TCI state. Throughout the embodiments described herein, the terms "deactivation", "deactive", "inactive", "not active" and "deactivated" may be used interchangeably when used in association with any of an SRS sub-config and a TCI state.

[0114] Throughout the embodiments described herein, "a" and "an" and similar phrases are to be interpreted as "one or more" and "at least one". Similarly, any term which ends with the suffix "(s)" is to be interpreted as "one or more" and "at least one". The term "may" is to be interpreted as "may, for example". A symbol " / " (e.g., forward slash) may be used herein to represent "and / or", where for example, "A / B" may imply "A and / or B".

[0115] For the sake of simplicity, embodiments are described herein using the example of TCI states. Embodiments described herein are not limited to TCI states and may be applicable to any kind of reference beam state that may be used to refer to a configured reference beam (e.g., SSB) and type of channel characteristics of the reference beam (e.g. Doppler spread). A WTRU may use an indicated TCI / reference beam state to derive the channel characteristics for a target signal / channel (e.g., PDSCH) which may be transmitted from the same antenna port (AP) as that of the reference beam. Throughout embodiments described herein the terms "TCI state" and "reference beam state" may be used interchangeably.

[0116] For the sake of simplicity, embodiments are described herein using the example of sounding reference signals (SRS). Embodiments described herein are not limited to SRS and may be applicable to any kind of reference signals.

[0117] For the sake of simplicity, embodiments are described herein using the example of SRS configurations / sub-configurations. Embodiments described herein are not limited to SRS configs / sub-configs and may be applicable to any kind of reference signal configurations / sub- configurations that may be used to refer to any of configured sequences, configured resources and parameters of sounding signal that may transmitted by a WTRU in uplink.

[0118] Network availability states / cell DTX mode / NES states / NES adaptations are described herein.

[0119] In embodiments described herein, a NES state or an availability state may refer to a cell state in which any of the cell, TRP and NW node may have activated at least one NES technique, including any of a reduced system information block (SIB1) transmission (periodic or existence), a reduced SSB transmission (periodic or existence), a cell DTX, a cell DRX, a spatial domain adaptation (where a subset of antenna ports and / or elements may be turned off), a power domain adaptation (where a subset of channels may be transmitted with reduced power or muted), triggering of SRS transmission with subset of resources, triggering of subset of TCI states, and / or the cell or TRP may have turned off.

[0120] The WTRU may determine whether it can transmit or receive on one or more resources depending on a network availability state, which may be based on the gNB's power savings status. An availability state may correspond to any of a network energy savings state, a cell DTX mode, a cell DRX mode, and a gNB activity level. An availability state may be uplink or downlink specific, and may change from any of symbol to symbol, slot to slot, frame to frame, and on longer duration granularity. The availability state may be determined by the WTRU or indicated by the network. An availability state may be, for example, any of "On", "DL and UL active", "UL only active", "off1, "reduced Tx power", "dormant", "sleep (de)-activated", "micro sleep", "light sleep", "deep sleep", the active period of a sleep pattern, and / or the deactivate period of a sleep pattern. In a sleep pattern, the active period may correspond to the time when the NW may actively transmit DL signal s / channels and / or the time when the NW may (e.g., blind) decode for UL signals / channels. Such states may be abstracted by (e.g., associated with) NW configuration parameters and / or values, and dynamic indication may point to the active availability state (e.g., by DCI and / or MAC CE signaling). The "Off1availability state or the non-active period of sleep pattern may imply (e.g., indicate) that the gNB's baseband hardware may be (e.g., completely) turned off. The "sleep" availability state may imply (e.g., indicate) that the gNB may wake upperiodically to transmit one or more signals (e.g., any of presence signals, synchronization, reference signals) and / or receive one or more UL signals. In one or more availability states, one or more DL and / or UL resources may not be available during one or more periods of time, which may enable the network to turn off baseband processing and other activities. For example, the WTRU may be configured by RRC with periodic active and inactive periods per availability. One or more measurement resources (e.g., SSBs and / or CSLRS) may (e.g., only) be made available in one or more availability states, including any of RLM measurements, beam failure detection (BFD) measurements, beam failure recovery (BFR) measurements, radio resource management (RRM) measurements, CSLRS feedback configuration, and / or a different power offset for CSI feedback.

[0121] Under one or more conditions, the WTRU may further transmit a request to the network (e.g., such as a wake-up request) to modify the availability state to a state for which resources that may satisfy WTRU requirements (e.g., expectations) may be available. In an example, the WTRU may determine an availability state from reception of availability state indication from e.g., by layer 1 and / or layer 2 (L1 / L2) signaling (e.g., a group common DCI or indication). In another example, the WTRU may implicitly determine an availability state from the reception of periodic DL signaling or lack thereof.

[0122] In an example, the WTRU may determine if a resource is available for transmission / reception and / or measurements for the determined network availability state if the resource is applicable in (e.g., associated with) the active availability state. For example, the WTRU may (e.g., also) adapt any of its active connected mode DRX (C-DRX) cycle, active spatial elements (e.g., antenna and / or logical ports), active TRPs, paging occasions as a function of the signaled or determined availability state. The WTRU may be configured with one or more sets of NES transmission and / or reception parameters per availability state, e.g., by (e.g., receiving) broadcast or dedicated configuration signaling. The WTRU may apply the NES parameter set according to the determined or signaled availability state. The WTRU may apply one or more applicable configurations depending on the determined NES state. A set of NES parameters may include any of a number of (i) antenna ports, (ii) a C-DRX configuration, (iii) a measurement configuration (e.g., for any of RRM, RLM, and BFD), (iv) CSI feedback, (v) a CSI-RS configuration, (vi) an SSB configuration, (vii) conditional handover (CHO) or mobility candidates and (viii) a set of active TRPs.

[0123] An availability state may be applicable to at least one transmission, reception, or measurement resource. An availability state may be applicable to at least one time period such as e.g., a time slot or a time symbol. An availability state may be applicable to any of a serving cell, a cell group, a frequency band, a bandwidth part, a TRP, a set of spatial elements, and a range offrequencies within a bandwidth part. For example, when an NES state changes in a cell, the WTRU may receive an availability state change indication indicating that this change may be (e.g., just, only) for that cell, for (e.g., all) cells at the same frequency, or / and same RAT.

[0124] The WTRU may consider the active availability state associated with any of a cell, a carrier, a TRP, and a frequency band to be any of "Off1, "Deep sleep", and "Micro sleep" after reception of a DL signaling that may change (e.g., indicate) the cell's or TRP's availability state. For example, the WTRU may receive a turn off command on any of broadcast signaling, RRC signaling, DCI (e.g., a group common DCI), and a DL MAC CE (e.g., indication part of PDSCH). The WTRU may determine an availability state from reception of an availability state indication from e.g., by L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., a group common DCI or indication) or broadcast signaling associated with an availability state.

[0125] For example, an availability state change indication may (e.g., also) be part of system information (SI) update or SIB signaling (e.g., in a separate SIB that may not be read by legacy WTRUs). There may be a common time for (e.g., all) WTRUs in the cell to determine availability state status.

[0126] For example, the WTRU may determine a change of NES state from the reception of a group common command LI signaling (e.g., any of a group common DCI, a multi-stage DCI, a specific DCI format, a DCI scrambled by a configured or specified NES-specific RNTI). LI signaling may indicate one of the configured NES parameters sets to apply or may determine a delta configuration from the current set of parameters upon determining an NES state change. The WTRU may transmit feedback / acknowledgment to gNB, for example, multiplexed with UL data (e.g., part of an UL transport block (TB) as a MAC CE or a sub-header indication), following the reception of NES state change indication.

[0127] For example, the WTRU may determine a change of NES state change from (e.g., based on) the reception of broadcast signaling associated with NES state indication or change, including signaling in SIB(s) or part of a broadcast or multicast PDSCH. The WTRU may be indicated the NES state explicitly in the SIB. The WTRU may be configured with one or more SIBs (e.g., exclusively) associated with configuration of NES parameters. The WTRU may be configured to receive such broadcast or multicast indication periodically. The WTRU may determine that an indication may be mis-detected if not received on (e.g., expected) periodic occasions, e.g., if a number of misdetections is counted, and / or if a timer (e.g., a period of time) has elapsed since the (e.g., last) reception of the NES state indication. The WTRU may start any of inter-cell, interfrequency, and / or inter-RAT measurements, and / or start a mobility procedure, and / or startevaluating configured CHO candidates following (e.g., based on) the determination of a misdetection of the NES state indication.

[0128] The WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state associated with any of a cell, carrier, TRP, a frequency band (e.g., "Off, "deep sleep", "micro sleep" or dormant") according to at least one of the following examples.

[0129] In a first example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state from (e.g., based on) the reception of information (e.g., a command or signal) indicating a change in availability state: e.g., a group common DCI in connected mode or RRC signaling or a presence signal. The WTRU may determine an availability state implicitly from the reception of periodic DL signaling. The WTRU may be configured (e.g. or specified) to associate an availability state with one or more DL signal types (e.g., SSB, partial SSB, and / or one or more periodicity).

[0130] In a second example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state from (e.g., based on) the reception of any of a paging message, a paging DCI, a paging PDSCH, a paging related signal (e.g., paging early indication (PEI)), for example, on a subset of paging occasions (POs) (e.g., those aligned with NES DRX cycle or a configured subset of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resources). The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) an availability state after reception of an indication part of the DCI or PDCCH scheduling paging (e.g., as a function of any of the paging radio network temporary identifier (P- RNTI), NES-RNTI or based on receiving an explicit indication e.g., on a reserved bit). The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) an availability state after the reception of a paging message with any of a P-RNTI, a separately configured NES P-RNTI, and the NES group RNTI. The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) an availability state after the reception of a paging message with a (e.g., certain; specific) P-RNTI. The WTRU may be configured with one more PEI subgroup for NES, where a subgroup may be associated with one or more availability state. The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) an availability state after reception of a PEI with an NES subgroup, for example, if that subgroup is configured and / or associated with the availability state. The indication of the availability state or the availability state switch may be indicated in the paging payload, e.g., as a flag part of the paging message or the short message. Such paging indication may further indicate an alternative cell to monitor paging on while the cell from which the signaling may have been received may be in any of off, sleep, and a NES state. Such paging indication may further indicate or signal applicable reconfiguration parameters (e.g., for any of initial access, applicable physical random-access channel (PRACH) resources, applicable SSB / RS occasions, applicable SI cycle, and / or the applicable cell(s) and associated availability states).

[0131] In a third example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state from (e.g., based on) the reception of TCI state indication, indicating the activation / deactivation or triggering of one or more TCI states. Such TCI state may include any of QCL sources (e.g., any of SSB, on-demand SSB, slim / lean SSB, tracking reference signal (TRS), CSI-RS resource, SRS resource, positioning reference signal (PRS), SRS for positioning (SRSp)), QCL types (e.g., information on any of doppler shift, doppler spread, delay spread, average delay, spatial Rx parameter) and spatial configuration information (e.g., parameters for UL Tx spatial filter).

[0132] In a fourth example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state from (e.g., based on) the gNB DTX status (whether the gNB is in active time or an associated activity timer is running).

[0133] In a fifth example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state from (e.g., based on) the lack of detection of a presence indication. In an example, the WTRU may determine an availability state associated with the cell (e.g., "off1or "deep sleep") if presence indication was not detected on one or more presence indication occasions. In another example, the WTRU may assume or change (e.g., determine) the cell's availability state after a number of consecutive misdetections or after a timer (e.g., period of time) may have expired following no detection of a presence signal. The WTRU may determine that an availability state may be active or de-active after expiry of a timer (e.g., period of time) associated with the availability state. Such timer (e.g., period of time) may be configured and / or maintained in connected mode (e.g., only), or (e.g., also) in other states (e.g., idle / inactive states). In another example, the WTRU may determine an availability state implicitly from (e.g., based on) the lack of reception of periodic DL signaling. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a signal quality threshold (e.g., an RSRP threshold) and if the WTRU does not detect a signal associated with an availability state (e.g., a presence signal or an SSB) with a signal strength above the threshold, the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that this availability state may not be active and may assume (e.g., determine) a different availability state. This criterion may be (e.g., also) coupled with lack of detection of an identifying sequence of the presence signal (e.g., detection of the PSS sequence for example).

[0134] In a sixth example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state based on time in the day. The WTRU may be configured to automatically assume (e.g., determine) an availability state (e.g., any of off, sleep, dormant) for a configured subset of cells (e.g., capacity boosting cells) depending on the time in the day. For example, the WTRU may determine that a capacity boosting cell may have an availability state as "On" in one or more hoursof the day, "Deep sleep" in other configured hours, and "Off in a third set of configured hours of the day or night.

[0135] In a seventh example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state based on the availability state of an associated cell (e.g., any of another carrier of the same MAC entity, another carrier in the same cell group, another carrier in the same gNB, another sector in the same gNB, and a configured associated cell or capacity boosting cell).

[0136] In an eighth example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state based on a detection of a PSS (e.g., only) signal or a simplified / stripped down SSB signal.

[0137] In a nineth example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state based on a detection of an RS signal (e.g., any of CSI-RS, PRS, TRS) or the lack thereof.

[0138] In a tenth example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state based on the RRC state (any of idle, inactive, and connected mode) of the WTRU.

[0139] In an eleventh example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state based on whether paging may have been received, e.g., within a configured time window.

[0140] In a twelfth example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state based on whether system information (e.g., any of periodic SI and a subset of SIBs) may have been received, e.g., within a configured time window.

[0141] In a thirteenth example, the WTRU may implicitly assume (e.g., determine) an availability state based on measured channel condition(s) being below -or above- a threshold. The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) a change of NES state based on a change of measured channel conditions or making a channel measurement below -or above- a threshold. For example, the WTRU may use degradation in measurements of SSBs and / or CSI-RS, e.g., in combination with other signaling to determine the NES state. For example, a configured window following the DCI reception may be used to measure SSBs and / or CSI-RS for degradation, and if a delta of SSB- RSRP drop is measured the WTRU may determine that the NES state may have changed and may assume (e.g., determine) associated actions for such NES state (e.g., trigger for CHO candidate selection or for group scheduling for a mobility command).

[0142] The WTRU may be configured to monitor an indication that may characterize the level of network activity (e.g., an availability state). The network activity may be associated with a gNB and / or a cell. The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) the same availability state for (e.g., all) cells part of the same gNB, e.g., cells of the same MAC entity. The network activity indication (e.g., the presence indication) may comprise a channel (e.g., a PDCCH) and / or a signal (e.g., a sequence). The activity indication or the NES state change indication / command may indicate thelevel of activity the WTRU may expect from the associated gNB and / or cell, e.g., reduced activity. The activity indication may contain activity information of other gNBs / cells. The activity indication may be (e.g., associated with) a PDCCH containing group common signaling. For example, the NW may transmit a group common DCI to a group of WTRU (e.g., WTRUs in the serving cell) indicating a change of an activity state or activity level in UL and / or DL. The CRC of the PDCCH may be scrambled with a dedicated "activity indication RNTI or an NES-RNTI". A WTRU may be configured with at least one search space associated with the monitoring occasions of the activity indication PDCCH. In an example, the indication may include (e.g., be indicated by) a go-to-sleep signal, e.g., a predefined sequence. After detecting this sequence, the WTRU may expect a reduced activity level over a specific time duration. The WTRU may activate C-DRX for the period of time indicated. In an example, two sequences may be used to indicate regular activity and reduced activity [6, 7], The signaling within the PDCCH or the activity indication may contain at least one of the following examples of indications.

[0143] In a first example of indication, the signaling within the PDCCH or the activity indication may indicate the expected activity level of the associated gNBs / cells over a specific time interval (e.g., an availability state). The activity levels may be predetermined and / or configured and may, for example, comprise any of regular and reduced activity. The signaling may indicate the activity level. For example, bit " 1 " may indicate regular activity and bit "0" may indicate reduced activity.

[0144] In a second example of indication, for a (e.g., each) activity level (e.g., availability state), transmission and reception attributes may be defined. For example, during reduced activity, a WTRU may not be expected to monitor one or more PDCCH search spaces (including (e.g., all) SSs), and / or receive a type of PDSCH (including (e.g., all) PDSCH), and / or transmit PUCCH / PUSCH, and / or perform one or more measurements. The WTRU may start or stop monitoring PDCCH and / or TCI states associated with determined NES state, including PDCCH resources or TCI states associated with (de)activated TRPs or spatial elements.

[0145] In a third example of indication, a set of configurations may be associated with an activity level and may be used / applied if that activity level is indicated (e.g., an NES parameter set). For example, any of SS configurations, CSI reporting configurations, indices of transmitted SSBs, etc. A (e.g., each) set of configurations may have an attribute associated with an activity level. For example, a tag that may be set to "reduced activity".

[0146] In a fourth example of indication, the time interval over which an activity level may be assumed may be signaled in the PDCCH or part of the activity indication. In an example, the time interval may be indicated using a bitmap where a (e.g., each) bit in the bitmap may be associated with a (e.g., specific) duration, e.g., a slot or a frame. For example, bit "1" may indicate regularactivity and bit "0" may indicate reduced activity on an associated frame. In an example, the time interval may be indicated with a start time and length of interval. The start time may be defined. For example, the start time may be determined by adding a (e.g., fixed) offset to the time the indication may be received. The length of the interval may be configured or signaled in the indication PDCCH.

[0147] In a fifth example of indication, the time interval over which an activity level may be assumed may be predetermined. The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) an interruption delay (or more generally a time till the NES state may change) after the NES state change command reception (e.g., after the last symbol or slot on which the command may have been received). The interruption time may be (e.g., indicated) in any of an absolute time, a number of symbols, or a number of slots.

[0148] The WTRU may determine that an uplink or downlink resource or signal may be available for transmission / reception and / or measurements for the determined network availability state if it is applicable in the active availability state. The WTRU may determine that a subset of measurement resources and / or signals (e.g., any of SSBs, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS) may not be applicable in one or more availability states. The WTRU may determine that a subset of uplink or downlink resources (e.g., any of PRACH, physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)) may not be applicable in one or more availability states. The WTRU may transmit one or more uplink signals (e.g., only) in a subset of NW availability states (e.g., any of SRS, SRSp, PRACH, uplink control information (UCI)).

[0149] In embodiments described herein, the terms network NES state and cell NES state may be used interchangeably. A WTRU may know (e.g., determine) the cell NES state for one or more cells, e.g., through network configuration and / or indication. A network NES state may refer to the NES states of one or more cells. Such cells may be any of serving cells, neighbor cells etc. A first NES state may imply an activation state (e.g., only) for the first NES state. A second NES state may correspond to the deactivation state. The terms network availability state, cell turned off, SIBl-less operation, reduced SIB1 / SSB periodicity state, (de)-active cell DTX mode / configuration, or NES state may be used interchangeably. The WTRU may determine an SSB / SIB1 transmission state (e.g., including whether they may be transmitted and / or their periodicity) implicitly from a determined active availability state, and vice-versa. Herein, a NES cell may refer to a cell that may be (i) applying at least one NES technique, and / or may be in a NES state (e.g., activated NES state), and / or may be capable or configured to apply an NES technique at some point. Herein, a non-NES cell may be used to refer to any cell that may not be designated as a NES cell per this definition (e.g., not in a NES state and / or not capable of applyinga NES technique). In an example, the designation of which cell may be NES cells may be configured (e.g., by broadcast and / or dedicated signaling).

[0150] In one or more NES state(s), the WTRU may transmit a wake up signal (e.g., any of PRACH, SR, PUCCH, UCI on PUCCH, a MAC CE, WTRU assistance information, SRS resource) to request any of a change in the NES state, additional UL or DL resources, reception of on demand SSB, reception of on demand SIB1 / SI, and activation of a given cell (e.g., on that which may be in a NES state). Triggers for the WTRU to transmit a wake-up signal and / or request reception of an on demand SSB may include any of (i) a detection of a reference signal, (ii) a detection of a change of TCI state, (iii) performing a channel measurement on the cell or an associated cell less than or greater than a threshold, (iv) arrival of new data (e.g., for any of a (e.g., given) logical channel (LCH) and logical channel group (LCG)), (v) an amount of buffered data exceeding a threshold (e.g., for a (e.g., given) LCH / LCG), (vi) based on positioning being within a given range, (vii) based on triggering buffer status report (BSR) and / or scheduling request (SR), (viii) based on triggering L3 mobility events, (ix) based on the WTRU or cell DTX / DRX status, (x) based on expiry of a timer, and / or the WTRU receiving request from higher layers to transmit on-demand SSB request.

[0151] A beam is described herein.

[0152] A WTRU may transmit or receive a physical channel and / or a reference signal according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term "beam" may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter. The WTRU may transmit a physical channel and / or a signal (e.g., any of PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS) using the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for receiving an RS (such as a CSI-RS) or a SS block. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as "target", and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as "reference" or "source". In such case, the WTRU may be said to transmit the target physical channel and / or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to such RS or SS block.

[0153] The WTRU may transmit a first physical channel and / or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for transmitting a second physical channel and / or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as "target" and "reference" (or "source"), respectively. In such case, the WTRU may be said to transmit the first (target) physical channel and / or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the second (reference) physical channel and / or signal. A spatial relation may be any of implicit, configured by RRC and signaled by MAC CE and / or DCI. For example, a WTRU may implicitly transmit physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and DM-RS of PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as an SRS indicated by an SRI indicated in DCI and / or configured by RRC. In another example, a spatialrelation may be configured by RRC for an SRS resource indicator (SRI) or signaled by MAC CE for a PUCCH. Such spatial relation may be referred to as a "beam indication".

[0154] The WTRU may receive a first (e.g., target) downlink channel and / or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameter as a second (reference) downlink channel and / or signal. For example, such association may exist between a physical channel such as PDCCH or PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. At least if the first and second signals are reference signals, such association may exist if the WTRU is configured with a quasi -colocation (QCL) assumption type D between corresponding antenna ports. Such association may be configured as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state. A WTRU may be indicated an association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and / or signaled by MAC CE. Such indication may be referred to as a "beam indication".

[0155] In embodiments described herein, an SSB may refer to one or more SSB beam (e.g., spatial relation) within a collection of SSBs (e.g., SSB burst). An SSB may refer to a beam (and vice-versa) or a CSI-RS resource related to the beam. SSB, SSBs, and / or SSB burst may loosely refer to one or more beams transmitted from a TRP or a NW node.

[0156] An example of WTRU receiving configuration information associated with SRS for NES adaptation is described herein.

[0157] In an example, the WTRU may receive configuration information, and / or (e.g., information indicating) sub-configurations (e.g., subset of parameters associated with a configuration, update to configurations) associated with SRS. Such configuration for SRS may be applicable for supporting one or more NES adaptations in different domains, for example. Such configuration / sub-configurations information / parameters described herein may be applicable to any embodiment described herein.

[0158] In an example, the configurations / sub-configurations associated with SRS, at least in part, may be received (e.g., indicated) in any of broadcast transmission (e.g., any of MIB, SIB), in dedicated (e.g., RRC) signaling (e.g., in RRCReconfiguration message) during connected mode or in inactive / idle mode (e.g., in RRCRelease message, when transitioning from connected mode to inactive mode). In another example, the configuration / sub-configurations may be received by the WTRU, at least in part, in one or more dynamic signaling indications (e.g., in MAC CE and / or DCI) and / or in NES / cell activity indications. Such NES / cell activity indications may be received in any of RRC signaling, MAC CE, DCI (e.g., WTRU-specific or group common DCI) or PDSCH, for example. In an example, the WTRU may receive a first subset of parameters associated withone or more SRS sub-configs in RRC signaling and a second subset of parameters or update to the parameters in the first subset may be received in dynamic signaling (e.g., any of MAC CE, DCI).

[0159] The WTRU may receive, in configuration information, one or more of the following parameters associated with SRS configuration or SRS sub-configuration: (1) indexes / IDs of one or more SRS resource sets or resources, (2) SRS resources, (3) SRS ports, (4) resource type, (5) usage type, (6) Slot level periodicity and slot level offset, e.g., for periodic or semi-persistent SRS, (7) SRS bandwidth, (8) frequency hopping information, (9) a guard period, (10) SRS transmission comb pattern information, (11) comb offset hopping pattern with repetition, (12) SRS sequence ID, (13) power control (PC) parameters, (14) reference resource ID for spatial relation (e.g., SS / PBCH block, CSI-RS, SRS), (15) TCI state information.

[0160] In an example, the configuration information may indicate indexes / IDs of one or more SRS resource sets or resources.

[0161] In another example, the configuration information may indicate SRS resources, for example, as any of time domain resources and frequency domain resources. Time domain resources may be indicated as any of a number of symbols per slot (e.g., 1, 2, 4 symbols per slot), a start offset symbol, a repetition factor, etc. Frequency domain resources may be indicated as any of a number of physical resource blocks (PRBs), a start offset PRB, a repetition factor, etc. For example, a (e.g., each) SRS sub-config may include resources which may or may not overlap with the resources in other SRS sub-configs. In an example, the resources allocated for one or more SRS sub-configs may correspond to an SRS resource pool. The WTRU may be configured to select the SRS resources from the pool for SRS transmission. For example, when (e.g., after) selecting the SRS resources, the WTRU may transmit an indication to the NW (e.g., in any of UCI, MAC CE), indicating the used / unused SRS resources prior to performing the SRS transmission.

[0162] In yet another example, the configuration information may indicate SRS ports, such as e.g., a number of Tx and / or Rx ports.

[0163] In yet another example, the configuration information may indicate a resource type, which e.g., may correspond to the time-domain behavior of SRS resource configuration e.g., which may be any of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0164] In yet another example, the configuration information may indicate a usage type. For example, the WTRU may be configured with any of beam management, codebook, non-codebook, antenna switching.

[0165] In yet another example, the configuration information may indicate any of a slot level periodicity and a slot level offset, e.g., for periodic or semi-persistent SRS.

[0166] In yet another example, the configuration information may indicate an SRS bandwidth.

[0167] In yet another example, the configuration information may include frequency hopping information. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more hopping patterns that may be applied over a set of SRS resources in any of the time, frequency, and spatial domains. For example, in a hopping pattern, a partial set of SRS resources in frequency domain (e.g., PRBs) may be used in a (e.g., each) time domain resource (e.g., symbol) for transmitting SRS using different spatial relation. For example, such hopping pattern may correspond to one or more NES adaptation / state.

[0168] In yet another example, the configuration information may indicate a guard period. For example, a guard period may be indicated as a number of symbols / slots / milliseconds. The WTRU may apply the guard period when switching between different SRS sub-configs and / or when switching between different WTRU antenna ports for SRS transmission.

[0169] In yet another example, the configuration information may include SRS transmission comb pattern information. For example, a parameter may include transmission comb value, which may be associated with the gap in terms of the number of PRBs or number of symbols / slots between two SRS resources in the frequency and / or time domains. For example, a (e.g., each) SRS sub-config may include one or more SRS comb patterns, where a (e.g., each) pattern may be associated with a different set of parameters (e.g., offset value, cyclic shift) and / or SRS resources in time / frequency / spatial domains. For example, a comb pattern may include SRS resource in different symbols (within one slot or across multiple slots) or slots, where the SRS in different symbols / slots may be transmitted with different UL Tx spatial filter. For example, when SRS is configured with periodic or semi-persistent SRS resources, the SRS comb pattern (e.g., using resources in any of time, frequency, spatial domains) may be repeated in a (e.g., each) period. For example, when SRS is configured with aperiodic SRS resources, the SRS transmission burst may comprise SRS resources in any of time, frequency, and spatial domains.

[0170] In yet another example, the configuration information may indicate a comb offset hopping pattern with repetition.

[0171] In yet another example, the configuration information may indicate an SRS sequence ID.

[0172] In yet another example, the configuration information may indicate power control (PC) parameters. For example, PC parameters may include any of alpha, pO, pathloss reference RS, SRS power control adjustment states (e.g., closed loop factor). For example, the WTRU may transmit SRS upon applying the set of power control parameters associated with the indicated SRS sub- configs. For example, the SRS sub-configs and the associated set of power control parameters to apply may be determined based on one or more conditions (e.g., measurements of pathloss DL).

[0173] In yet another example, the configuration information may indicate a reference resource ID for spatial relation (e.g., SS / PBCH block, CSI-RS, SRS). For example, the WTRU may use the configured or indicated reference resource determining UL Tx spatial filter. For example, a reference resource for spatial relation may or may not be configured when the WTRU is configured with unifiedTCI-StateType and / or signaled with TCI state.

[0174] In yet another example, the configuration information may include TCI state information. The WTRU may be configured with parameters SRS-UL-TCI state and / or SRS-DL-or-joint-TCI state. SRS-UL-TCI state may refer to a TCI state in the parameter UL-TCI-StateList if the parameter unifiedTCI-StateType is configured as "separate". SRS-DL-or-joint-TCI state may refer to a TCI state in the parameter dl-ORJointTCI-State-List if the parameter unifiedTCI-StateType is configured as "joint". The WTRU may or may not be configured with SRS TCI state information when configured with the parameter followUnifiedTCI-StateSRS.

[0175] In an example, the WTRU may be configured with the following properties / parameters associated with TCI states, such as any of (1) a property associated with quantity, (2) a property associated with SRS config / sub-config, and (3) a property associated with triggering.

[0176] Related to the property associated with quantity, one or more TCI states (e.g., indicated by index / ID) may be associated with a set or pool (e.g., indicated by a pool ID). For example, a (e.g., each) TCI state may be associated with one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB, CSLRS, TRS, SRS) as a QCL source.

[0177] Related to the property associated with SRS config / sub-config, a (e.g., each) SRS config / sub-config may be associated with one or more TCI states. One or more SRS configs / sub- configs may be associated with a common pool of TCI states. For example, TCI states in different SRS sub-configs may be non-overlapping (e.g., different), e.g., SRS subconfigl may be configured with TCI states {TCI1, TCI2} and SRS sub-config2 may be configured with (e.g., different) TCI states {TCI3, TCI4}.

[0178] Related to the property associated with triggering, the one or more TCI states may be activated / deactivated upon (e.g., based on) configuration (e.g., via RRC signaling) and / or with dynamic signaling (e.g., MAC CE and / or D CI). The granularity of TCI state (de)activation may be done on the basis of any of per TCI state, per-TCI state pool, per SRS-config, and per SRS-sub- config.

[0179] The parameters associated with TCI states may include any of (1) QCL sources, (2) QCL types, and (3) validity conditions.

[0180] Related to QCL sources, the parameters associated with TCI states may include any of IDs / indexes (e.g., SSB index, CSLRS resource ID, SRS resource ID), and a type of resource / signal(e.g., any of periodic, semi-persistent, aperiodic, on-demand, slim / lean). For example, a (e.g., each) TCI state may be associated with a DL RS resource / beam as a QCL source or reference signal / beam for determining the spatial relation for SRS.

[0181] Related to QCL types, the parameters associated with TCI states may indicate e.g., any of type A (doppler shift, doppler spread, average delay, delay spread), type B (doppler shift, doppler spread), and type C (average delay, doppler shift), type D (spatial Rx).

[0182] The validity conditions associated with one or more TCI states may include any of time validity, location / spatial validity, or (de)activation signaling. For example, time validity may indicate the validity duration from the reception of the configuration or triggering indication (e.g., start of a timer) to the end of the duration (e.g., end of a timer) during which the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine that) the configured / indicated TCI state(s) may be valid. For example, location / spatial validity may indicate the ID list of the cells / TRPs / NW nodes whose coverage in which the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine that) the configured / indicated TCI state(s) may be valid. For example, the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) a TCI state as valid when (e.g., based on) receiving signaling indicating TCI state activation, and as invalid when (e.g., based on) receiving signaling indicating TCI state deactivation. Any of the validity conditions described herein may be applicable for determining the validity of the SRS sub-configs, for example. If any of the validity conditions are not met, the WTRU may release the TCI states and / or send a request indication for new / updated TCI states.

[0183] In an example, the WTRU may receive, in configuration information, the following events, and / or conditions and / or threshold values for selecting or using any of the SRS sub-configs, SRS resources, and TCI states for SRS transmission.

[0184] For example, the configuration information may indicate measurement threshold values. The threshold values may correspond to any of RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, CQI, etc. For example, the WTRU may select an SRS sub-config, if the measurements performed on an associated DL RS / TCI state is higher than a RSRP threshold.

[0185] For example, the configuration information may include timing information, e.g., indicating any of a start time threshold, an end time threshold and a time window.

[0186] Related to the start time threshold, for example, an SRS resource may be used if it begins (e.g., occurs) no later than (e.g. before) a start time T1 symbols / slots / milliseconds (e.g., a period of time) after the WTRU may have received an indication associated with activation of the SRS sub-config to which the SRS resource may belong.

[0187] Related to the end time threshold, for example, an SRS resource may be used if it ends (e.g., occurs) no earlier than an end time T2 symbols / slots / millisecond after the WTRU may havereceived an indication associated with activation of the SRS sub-config to which the SRS resource may belong.

[0188] Related to the time window (e.g., start offset time, length), for example, the WTRU may use one or more SRS sub-configs that may be accommodated within the time window for SRS transmission.

[0189] For example, the configuration information may indicate a transmission power, such as e.g., any of one or more Tx power thresholds and one or more power spectral density (PSD) thresholds.

[0190] Related to Tx power thresholds, for example, the WTRU may use one or more SRS resources (e.g., in time domain and / or frequency domain) for SRS transmission if the transmit power (e.g., total power in SRS resources in a transmission instance) is less than a first Tx power threshold value and / or greater than a second Tx power threshold value.

[0191] Related to PSD thresholds, for example, the WTRU may use one or more SRS resources (e.g., in time domain and / or frequency domain) for SRS transmission if the PSD over the SRS resources is less than a first PSD threshold value and / or greater than a second PSD threshold value.

[0192] For example, the configuration information may indicate a priority. One or more priority values may be associated with any of SRS sub-configs, SRS resources, SRS parameters (e.g., antenna switching, codebook type) and TCI states. For example, the WTRU may use one or more SRS sub-configs, if the priority associated with the SRS sub-configs is higher than a priority threshold value and / or lower than another priority threshold value.

[0193] For example, the configuration information may indicate one or more events, such as e.g., any of (i) a change of RSRP measurements of DL RS (e.g., if the NW performs SD adaptation), (ii) an indication of TCI state(s) changes, and (iii) a detection of RRM / BM / mobility events (e.g., handover (HO), RLM, radio link failure (RLF) events).

[0194] SRS transmissions associated with NES adaptations are described herein.

[0195] In various embodiments, the WTRU may determine one or more SRS configs / sub-configs from a preconfigured set for SRS transmission based on the reception of triggering indication(s) on any of the activation / deactivation of TCI states and the activation / deactivation of SRS sub- configs. The WTRU may perform one or more actions (e.g., operations) including, for example, selecting a subset of TCI states, selecting a subset of SRS configs / sub-configs, transmitting an indication on the selected SRS configs / sub-configs and performing SRS transmissions upon applying configuration parameters associated with the selected TCI states and / or SRS configs / sub- configs. Methods described herein may be applied for supporting NES adaptation techniques (e.g., identify antenna panels that may be powered down at NW), for example.

[0196] In the examples described herein, the WTRU may receive configuration information from the NW, including one or more SRS configurations or at least one SRS configuration comprising one or more SRS sub-configs. In embodiments described herein, the terms "SRS configurations", "SRS sub-configurations", "SRS-sub-configs", "RS configurations", "RS sub-configurations", "RS-sub-configs" or "SRS resources" may be used interchangeably. A (e.g., each of the) SRS sub- configs may include information or parameters on SRS / RS resources (e.g., any of ID, resources in time and frequency domains, start offsets, resource type, port subset) and TCI states. For example, a (e.g., each) TCI state may be associated with a DL RS resource (e.g., any of a SSB index, a CSI- RS resource ID) as a QCL source. In an example, the WTRU may receive the TCI state information in a separate configuration information (e.g., independent of the SRS sub-configs), where one or more TCI states may be configured in a TCI state pool. In this case, the WTRU may be configured with one or more TCI state pools and association information indicating the association between the SRS sub-configs and TCI state pools. In an example, a (e.g., each) SRS sub-config may be associated with an NES state / adaptation (e.g., shutdown of antenna elements / panel at NW node or cell DTX / DRX mode).

[0197] In an example, SRS sub-configs may be associated with any of periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic SRS transmission. For any of periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic SRS, the associated parameters in the SRS sub-configs may be configured with RRC signaling. For periodic SRS, the WTRU may initiate / trigger SRS transmission using resources in the corresponding SRS sub-configs upon (e.g., based on) receiving the configuration information or upon (e.g., based on) receiving a triggering indication (e.g., via any of RRC signaling, MAC CE and DCI). For any of semi-persistent and aperiodic SRS, the WTRU may initiate / trigger SRS transmission using preconfigured resources in SRS sub-configs upon (e.g., based on) receiving a triggering indication (e.g., in MAC CE and / or DCI). For aperiodic SRS, the WTRU may initiate / trigger SRS transmission using resources / parameters associated with SRS sub-configs, a subset of which may be indicated in the triggering indication (e.g., in MAC CE and / or DCI), for example.

[0198] An example of WTRU receiving triggering indications associated with SRS sub-configs and / or TCI states is described herein.

[0199] In an example, the WTRU may receive one or more indications associated with any of the configured SRS configurations and the SRS sub-configurations. Such indications may be received in any of RRC messages, MAC CE and DCI (e.g., WTRU-specific, cell-common, group common DCI). In an example, the indications may be received implicitly based on detection of e.g., measurements of signals / channels associated with the configured SRS sub-configs. Based on receiving any of the indication / signaling, the WTRU may perform selection of (e.g., determinationof) the SRS sub-configs and / or TCI states. For example, the WTRU may trigger transmission of SRS based on any of the indicated / determined SRS sub-configs and other preconfigured conditions.

[0200] The indications received by the WTRU may correspond to one of more of (i) signaling indicating the enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of one or more SRS sub-configs, (ii) signaling on triggering of SRS transmission, (iii) signaling on enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of one or more TCI states, (iv) signaling indicating the enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of NES adaptations / states, and (v) detection of events / signals associated with SRS sub-configs and / or TCI states.

[0201] Related to the signaling indicating the enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of one or more SRS sub-configs, such indication for SRS sub-configs may be associated with any of periodic, semi-persistent or aperiodic SRS. For example, for periodic SRS one or more of the configured SRS sub-configs may be triggered with RRC signaling. A subset of SRS parameters (e.g., comb pattern, TCI states) associated with the SRS sub-configs may be indicated / updated with dynamic signaling (e.g., MAC CE and / or DCI).

[0202] Such indication on (de)activation of SRS sub-configs may be received in a bitmap format, e.g., with a configured length corresponding to the number of configured SRS sub-configs, where the bit "1" in the bitmap may indicate the activation of an SRS sub-config and bit "0" may indicate deactivation of an SRS sub-config.

[0203] In an example, multiple SRS sub-configs may be triggered or activated simultaneously (e.g., at a same time), e.g., based on one or more panels being used simultaneously for UL channel measurements at the NW nodes.

[0204] The signaling on such indication may be received at the granularity of any of per SRS config, per SRS sub-config and multiple SRS configs / sub-configs.

[0205] When receiving an activation indication, the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that the SRS resources associated with the activated SRS sub-configs may be usable for SRS transmission. The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that the SRS resources in the activated SRS sub-configs may be used for SRS transmission e.g., immediately, or after an application time (e.g., configured / indicated) or after receiving another triggering indication, for example.

[0206] When receiving a deactivation indication, the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that the SRS resources associated with the deactivated SRS sub-configs may not be usable for SRS transmission. The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that the SRS resources in the deactivated SRS sub-configs may be unused for SRS transmission e.g., immediately (e.g., stop SRS transmission), or after an application time (e.g., configured / indicated), for example.

[0207] In an example, the WTRU may switch from a first set comprising one or more SRS sub- configs to a second set of SRS sub-configs when (e.g., based on) receiving a switching indication (e.g., indicating to switch to another set (ID) of SRS sub-config) or a deactivation indication.

[0208] The indication on SRS sub-configs may include information on new or updated parameters associated with the sub-configs. For example, the indication may indicate a set of new SRS resources (e.g., in time and / or frequency domain) for one or more SRS sub-configs. In an example, the indication may indicate a new SRS resource pool from which the WTRU may select the SRS resources for one or more SRS sub-configs when performing SRS transmission. When receiving new or updated parameters, the indication may include the index / id of the SRS sub- configs for which the new / updated parameters may be applicable or not applicable, for example.

[0209] Related to the signaling on triggering of SRS transmission, such indication may indicate the SRS sub-config (ids / indexes / codepoints) based on which the WTRU may determine / identify the associated SRS resources / parameters for performing SRS transmission.

[0210] Such indication for triggering SRS transmission may be received in a separate indication or in the same indication as that of (de)activation of SRS sub-configs.

[0211] In an example, the indication may include the timing information (e.g., in terms of any of absolute time symbols / slots / milliseconds and relative time with respect to reference symbols / slots / milliseconds) for initiating / triggering SRS transmission. For example, the timing information may be indicated per SRS sub-config (e.g., SRS transmission time for a (e.g., each) SRS sub-config may be different with different offset value) and / or per SRS config (e.g., the indicated single timing information may be applied for SRS transmission of the first SRS sub-config and the SRS transmissions of the subsequent SRS sub-configs may be done after transmission of the previous SRS sub-config or with an offset value corresponding with the start / end transmission of the previous SRS sub-config).

[0212] In another example, the indication may include the timing information for ending / stopping SRS transmission. Such indication may provide the length / duration of time (e.g., (e.g., max) number of symbols, slots, milliseconds) for completing SRS transmission no later than a time window, e.g., started after receiving a triggering indication or indication on (de)activation of SRS sub-configs / TCI states.

[0213] Related to the signaling on enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of one or more TCI states, such indication may correspond to a set / pool / candidate of TCI states, which may be preconfigured in the WTRU. Such set / pool of TCI states may be those associated with the UL TCI states (e.g., configured with UL-TCI-StateList), DL TCI states or joint TCI states (e.g., configured with dl-ORJointTCI-State-List).

[0214] Such indication may or may not be associated with the TCI states associated with the SRS sub-configs. For example, the indication may indicate the activation / deactivation status of a pool / list of TCI states, a subset of which may be associated with one or more SRS sub-configs and another subset of which may not be associated with the SRS sub-configs.

[0215] Such indication may be received in a bitmap format, e.g., with a configured length corresponding to the number of configured TCI states, where the bit " 1 " in the bitmap may indicate the activation of a TCI state and bit "0" may indicate deactivation of a TCI state.

[0216] When a TCI state is activated, the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that one or more of the parameters associated with the TCI state (e.g., any of a QCL source, a QCL type, a DL RS / beam) may be valid until the conditions invalidating the TCI state may be met (e.g., any of expiry of validity timer, reception of deactivation indication).

[0217] When configured with any parameters associated with "follow unified TCI state", the WTRU may determine the TCI state status (e.g., whether the TCI states may be activated / deactivated) based on the received indication on the TCI states, (e.g., even) when the TCI state status may be configured separately (e.g., in SRS sub-configs). Such parameters associated with follow unified TCI state may include those associated with the UL TCI states or joint TCI states. For example, the WTRU may determine TCI state status and the spatial relation for SRS resource based on the received indication on TCI states and the DL RS associated with the indicated TCI state (e.g., UL or joint).

[0218] The signaling on such indication for TCI states may be received at the granularity of any of per TCI state, per cell, per carrier, per SRS config, per SRS sub-config, multiple TCI states or multiple SRS configs / sub-configs.

[0219] In an example, the indication on TCI states may be received as part (e.g., in a bit-field) of another indication associated with any of (de)activation of SRS sub-configs, NES adaptation / state and cell activity.

[0220] When receiving an activation indication, the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that the param eters / signals associated with the activated TCI states (e.g., any of QCL sources, DL RS, QCL types) may be valid and / or usable (e.g., for measurements). The WTRU may assume the validity / usability of the activated TCI states e.g., immediately or after an application time (e.g., configured / indicated), for example.

[0221] When receiving a deactivation indication, the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that the param eters / signals associated with the deactivated TCI states (e.g., any of QCL sources, DL RS, QCL types) may be invalid and / or not usable (e.g., for measurements). The WTRU mayassume (e.g., determine) the invalidity of the deactivated TCI states e.g., immediately or after an application time (e.g., configured / indicated), for example.

[0222] In an example, the WTRU may switch from a first set comprising one or more TCI states to a second set of TCI states when (e.g., based on) receiving a switching indication (e.g., indicating to switch to another set (ID) of TCI states) or a deactivation indication.

[0223] Related to the signaling indicating the enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of NES adaptations / states, such indication may indicate the NES adaptation schemes (e.g., ids / indexes) such as SD / PD adaptations and / or cell DTX / DRX, based on which the WTRU may determine / identify the associated TCI states and / or SRS sub-configs for SRS transmissions, for example.

[0224] In an example, the indication may include the timing information (e.g., in terms of any of absolute time symbols / slots / milliseconds and relative time with respect to reference symbols / slots / milliseconds) indicating when the NES adaptation may be expected to start / end.

[0225] Related to the detection of events / signals associated with SRS sub-configs and / or TCI states, in an example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more conditions or threshold values associated with a set of events / signals which may be associated with the SRS sub-configs and / or TCI states.

[0226] Such events / signals may include any of detection of DL RSs (e.g., any of SSBs, on- demand SSBs, TRS), triggering of CSI-RS measurements / reporting and others (as described herein), for example. Such events / signals may be associated with NES adaptations / states at the NW.

[0227] For example, the WTRU may be configured with monitoring of one or more DL RS (e.g., SSBs) and association information between the DL RS and TCI states. The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) a set of TCI states as active when (e.g., based on) detecting the DL RS associated with the TCI states.

[0228] In another example, the WTRU may be configured with monitoring of one or more DL RS, association information between the DL RS and SRS sub-configs, and measurement threshold value (e.g., RSRP threshold). The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) the SRS sub-configs as active when (e.g., based on) detecting the DL RS associated with the DL RS. The WTRU may initiate SRS transmission with SRS resources in the SRS sub-configs, which may be associated with the detected DL RS (e.g., if RSRP measurements of the detected DL RS are higher than the RSRP threshold).

[0229] In an example, one or more SRS sub-configs may be configured with a pool of TCI states (e.g., TCI state pool may be associated with UL TCI states or joint TCI states) and the WTRU maydetect one or more DL RS associated with the TCI states. The WTRU may select the (e.g., best) DL RS (e.g., for determining QCL or spatial relation information for SRS) based on the measurements performed on the DL RSs associated with TCI state and SRS sub-config.

[0230] When (e.g., based on) detecting any of the events / signals / conditions associated with SRS sub-configs and / or TCI states, the WTRU may transmit an indication to the NW, e.g., containing any of the information, measurements of the detected events / signals and the SRS sub-configs selected by the WTRU based on the detected events / signals.

[0231] In various examples, one or more of the triggering indications on SRS sub-configs and TCI states may be received in separate indications, e.g., in a combination of separate MAC CEs and / or DCIs (e.g., in control resource set (CORESET) with WTRU-specific or group-common search spaces / RNTIs). For example, the indication on (de)activation of TCI states may be received in a first indication and the indication on the (de)activation of SRS sub-configs may be received in a second indication. In another example, the indication associated with TCI states and SRS sub- configs may be received in one / single indication. For example, such indication may be received in a (e.g., single) MAC CE or DCI, which may include multiple octets or codepoints associated with different TCI states and / or SRS sub-configs, where a (e.g., each) bit / codepoint may be linked to (e.g., associated with) a TCI state and / or SRS sub-config.

[0232] For (e.g., each of the) one or more indications, the WTRU may be configured or indicated (e.g., in dynamic signaling) with the application time corresponding to the time instance from when the SRS sub-config and / or TCI states may be assumed (e.g., determined) to be activated / deactivated or the SRS transmissions may be triggered. Such application time may be configured / indicated in time units of symbols, slots or milliseconds, for example, in absolute time units (e.g., time of day) and / or relative time units (e.g., with respect to a reference time, time when the indication may be received, offset time, system frame number (SFN)). The WTRU may be configured / indicated with the same or different application time values per indication type (e.g., for SRS sub-config, triggering SRS transmission, TCI states), per SRS sub-config, per set of SRS sub-configs, per TCI state, and per set of TCI states. For example, when configured with an application time value (which may be referred to as T), the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that one or more SRS sub-configs may be active T symbols / slots after receiving the indication indicating activation of the SRS sub-configs.

[0233] An example of WTRU determining usable TCI states based on received configuration / indications is described herein.

[0234] In embodiments described herein a usable TCI state may refer to a TCI state that may be used, for example, for SRS transmission.

[0235] In an example, the WTRU may determine one or more usable TCI states based on the received indications on any of the (de)activation of TCI states, (de)activation of SRS sub-configs and detection / measurement of the signals associated with the TCI states. For example, The WTRU may be configured with association information between the TCI states and SRS sub-configs. For example, the WTRU may determine the usable TCI states as the active TCI states within the active SRS sub-configs.

[0236] In an example, the WTRU may determine the usable TCI states as {TCI1, TCI2, TCI3} based on the following received configuration / indications.

[0237] For example, the WTRU may have received configuration information indicating a configuration of TCI states associated with SRS sub-configurations, such as e.g., indicating a first SRS sub-config associated with a first TCI state and a second TCI state (referred to as SRS subconfigl = {TCI1, TCI2}), a second SRS sub-config associated with a third TCI state and a fourth TCI state (referred to as SRS subconfig2 = {TCI3, TCI4}), and a third SRS sub-config associated with a fifth TCI state and a sixth TCI state (referred to as SRS subconfig3 = {TCI5, TCI6}).

[0238] For example, the WTRU may have received a (e.g., first) indication on activation / deactivation of TCI states, e.g., indicating that the first, the second, the third, the fifth and the seventh TCI states may be active and that the fourth and sixth TCI states may be not active, (which may be referred to as TCI1 = active, TCI2 = active, TCI3 = active, TCI4 = not active, TCI5 = active, TCI6 = not active, TCI7 = active).

[0239] For example, the WTRU may have received a (e.g., second) indication on activation / deactivation of SRS sub-configs, e.g., indicating that the first and the second SRS subconfigs may be active, and that the third SRS sub-config may be not active (which may be referred to as SRS subconfigl = active, SRS subconfig2 = active, SRS subconfig3 = not active).

[0240] In an example, the WTRU may determine one or more usable TCI states. The WTRU may perform measurements of at least one DL RS (e.g., any of SSB, CSI-RS, TRS) associated with (e.g., each of) the determined usable TCI states. Such measurements may include LI and / or L3 measurements including measurements of any of RSRP, RSRQ, CQI, and SINR. Such measurements on the DL RS may be used for determining the spatial relation information or UL Tx spatial filter for transmitting the SRS corresponding to SRS sub-config associated with the usable TCI state. In the case where the signal associated with the determined usable TCI state is an SRS resource, the WTRU may use the same / similar configuration for the UL Tx spatial filter as that of the SRS resource for transmitting the SRS corresponding to SRS sub-config associated with the usable TCI state, for example.

[0241] In an example, the WTRU may determine that none of the configured TCI state may be determined as usable TCI states, e.g., based on failing to meet at least one of the conditions associated with the TCI states (e.g., validity conditions). The WTRU may transmit an indication to NW requesting for new / updated TCI states. In another example, the WTRU may monitor for additional indications (e.g., in CORESET / PDCCH), for example, after a time duration in the subsequent monitoring occasions, for receiving additional indications on updated / new TCI states.

[0242] An example of WTRU selecting one or more SRS sub-configs from the configured / (de)activated set of SRS sub-configs is described herein.

[0243] In an example, the WTRU may select one or more SRS sub-configs for SRS transmission from a set of configured and / or activated SRS sub-configs. For example, such selection of the SRS sub-configs may be performed before or after receiving the indications on (de)activation of TCI states and / or (de)activation of SRS sub-configs.

[0244] The WTRU may perform selection of SRS sub-configs based on any of following criteria / conditions: (i) signaling associated with triggering / (de)activation of SRS, (ii) measurements associated with TCI states, (iii) timing information of SRS resources, (iv) transmission power for transmitting SRS, and (v) priority.

[0245] In a first example, the WTRU may perform selection of SRS sub-configs based on criteria / conditions related to signaling associated with triggering / (de)activation of SRS. For example, the WTRU may select the SRS sub-configs that may be indicated as activated for SRS transmission, e.g., when configured to follow the signaling / indication.

[0246] In a second example, the WTRU may perform selection of SRS sub-configs based on criteria / conditions related to measurements associated with TCI states.

[0247] For example, the WTRU may select an SRS sub-config, e.g., from a set of configured / activated SRS sub-configs, based on the measurements performed on at least one DL RS associated with a TCI state (e.g., determined as usable) being higher than and / or less than one or more measurement threshold values (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR threshold values). In this case, the TCI state determined as usable may be associated with the SRS sub-config, for example.

[0248] Such measurement threshold values used for selecting SRS sub-configs and / or TCI states, may be preconfigured in WTRU.

[0249] In another example, the WTRU may determine the measurement threshold values based on events / signaling which may be detected / received by the WTRU. For example, if the number of SRS sub-configs or TCI states selected in a first selection round based on a first threshold value are less / higher than or equal to a (e.g., configured) number, the WTRU may use a second thresholdvalue or apply a scaling value to the first threshold value when selecting the SRS sub-config or TCI states in a second (e.g., subsequent) selection round.

[0250] In another example, the WTRU may select SRS sub-configs and / or subsets of resources / parameters associated with the SRS sub-configs, based on the pathloss measurements performed on the DL RS associated with the SRS sub-configs or TCI states. For example, when measuring high pathloss (e.g., RSRP measurement being below a threshold value), the WTRU may select the SRS sub-configs configured with SRS resources that may use lower bandwidth (e.g., below a bandwidth threshold) or a set of resources within the selected SRS sub-configs with lower bandwidth. Such selection of the SRS sub-configs / resources may allow the WTRU to perform SRS transmission with higher power spectral density, for example.

[0251] In a third example, the WTRU may perform selection of SRS sub-configs based on criteria / conditions related to timing information of SRS resources.

[0252] For example, the WTRU may select an SRS sub-config, e.g., from a set of configured / activated SRS sub-configs, if an SRS resource associated with the SRS sub-config (e.g., SRS resource in time domain and / or frequency domain) among the SRS resources of the SRS sub-configs satisfies at least one of the following five examples of conditions:

[0253] In a first example of condition, the SRS resource may be associated with an SRS sub- config, which may be associated with a TCI state determined as usable.

[0254] In a second example of condition, the SRS resource (e.g., first resource) may begin no later than T1 symbols / slots / milliseconds after the WTRU may have received an indication associated with activation of the SRS sub-config to which the SRS resource may belong, or after receiving an indication associated with activation of the TCI state associated with the SRS sub- config to which the SRS resource may belong.

[0255] In a third example of condition, the SRS resource (e.g., last resource) may end no earlier than T2 symbols / slots / milliseconds after the WTRU may have received an indication associated with activation of the SRS sub-config to which the SRS resource may belong, or after receiving an indication associated with activation of the TCI state associated with the SRS sub-config to which the SRS resource may belong.

[0256] In a fourth example of condition, the SRS resource may be an (e.g., earliest / first SRS resource in time domain and / or frequency domain) SRS resource that may occur at or after a starting time indicated in an indication for starting / resuming the SRS transmission. Such SRS resource or indication for triggering of SRS transmission may be applicable for any of aperiodic and semi-persistent SRS, for example.

[0257] In a fifth example of condition, the SRS resource may be an (e.g., last SRS resource in time domain and / or frequency domain) SRS resource that may occur no later than the end / stop time indicated in an indication for stopping / deactivating the SRS transmission. Such SRS resource or indication for stopping / deactivating SRS transmission may be applicable for any of aperiodic, semi-persistent and periodic SRS, for example.

[0258] In another example, if configured with a time window or time restriction value (e.g., in terms of number of symbols / slots / milliseconds), the WTRU may select one or more SRS sub- configs that may be accommodated within the time window for SRS transmission. Such time window may be associated with one or more NES adaptations / states, during which the SRS transmissions may be expected to be done / completed.

[0259] In a fourth example, the WTRU may perform selection of SRS sub-configs based on criteria / conditions related to transmission power for transmitting SRS. For example, the WTRU may select an SRS sub-config based on the transmit power characteristics associated with SRS resources associated with an SRS sub-config satisfying at least one of the following two conditions. A first condition may be satisfied if the total power used for the one or more SRS resources (e.g., in time domain and / or frequency domain) for SRS transmission is less than a first Tx power threshold value and / or higher than a second Tx power threshold value. A second condition may be satisfied if the power spectral density for the one or more SRS resources (e.g., in time domain and / or frequency domain) is less than a first PSD threshold value and / or higher than a second PSD threshold value.

[0260] In a fifth example, the WTRU may perform selection of SRS sub-configs based on criteria / conditions related to priority. For example, the WTRU may select one or more SRS sub- configs for SRS transmission, based on the priority associated with the SRS sub-configs being higher than a priority threshold value and / or lower than another priority threshold value.

[0261] In an example, the WTRU may be configured with SRS resources with different parameter options including, for example, those corresponding to different SRS bandwidth (e.g., partial bandwidth or full bandwidth in frequency domain) and different number of symbols or start offset (e.g., in time domain). Such resources may be associated with one or more SRS sub-configs. For example, a first SRS sub-config may include a first resource sub-config (e.g., KI number of resource blocks (RBs), N1 number of symbols) and a second resource sub-config (e.g., K2 number of RBs, N2 number of symbols). Based on receiving an indication on (de)activation of SRS sub- configs and / or triggering of SRS transmission, the WTRU may select an SRS sub-config and the associated resource sub-config based on the selection criteria / conditions (described herein). For example, the WTRU may select the SRS sub-configs and / or associated SRS resource sub-configsthat may use lower bandwidth (e.g., less than a bandwidth threshold or a threshold associated with the number of RBs) if the measurements performed on the DL / pathloss RS are below an RSRP threshold.

[0262] In another example, the WTRU may be configured with SRS resources with different power control (PC) parameters including, for example, any of alpha, pO, SRS adjustment value (e.g., closed loop PC factor), and pathloss RS. In this case one or more sets of PC parameters may be associated with one SRS sub-config or a (e.g., each) set of PC parameters may be associated with an SRS sub-config, for example. A subset of the parameters (e.g., SRS adjustment value) may be received by the WTRU in the same or another signaling (e.g., transmit control power (TCP) commands), which may be received per SRS sub-config or common to multiple SRS sub-configs. In an example, based on receiving a (de)activation / triggering indication, the WTRU may apply the PC parameters when transmitting SRS in the resources associated with the activated / triggered SRS sub-configs. In another example, the WTRU may select one or more SRS sub-configs or a set of PC parameters within an SRS sub-config that may result in the SRS transmit power to be less than a (e.g., max, first) power threshold value and / or higher than a (e.g., min, second) power threshold value.

[0263] In an example, when (e.g., after, based on) selecting any of the SRS sub-configs or SRS resources, the WTRU may transmit an indication to the NW (e.g., in MAC CE, and / or UCI) for indicating the selected and / or unselected SRS sub-configs. Such indication may be transmitted before the start of SRS transmission in the SRS resource corresponding to any selected SRS subconfigs. Such indication may be sent in a bitmap format with a length that may correspond to the number of configured SRS sub-configs, where bit " 1 " may indicate the selected SRS sub-config and bit "0" may indicate the unselected SRS sub-config. Upon (e.g., after) transmitting the indication, the WTRU may receive a confirmation indication from the NW indicating / triggering the transmission of SRS in the resources of the SRS sub-configs selected by the WTRU or in different SRS sub-configs, for example.

[0264] In an example, if none of the configured / activated SRS sub-configs are selected by the WTRU, e.g., based on failing to meet at least one of the above-described criteria / conditions, the WTRU may drop SRS transmission or transmit an indication to the NW requesting for new / updated SRS sub-configs and / or TCI states. In an example, the WTRU may monitor for additional indications (e.g., in CORESET / PDCCH), e.g., after a time duration in the subsequent monitoring occasions, for receiving additional indications on new / updated SRS sub-configs.

[0265] A WTRU transmitting SRS using resources in SRS sub-configs is described herein.

[0266] In an example, the WTRU may perform SRS transmission using at least one SRS resource in (e.g., each of) the selected one or more SRS sub-configs. Such SRS transmission may be done based on the scheduling of the SRS resources configured as periodic or based on dynamic signaling / indication for aperiodic and / or semi-persistent SRS.

[0267] In an example, if the selected SRS sub-configs correspond to periodic and / or semi- persistent SRS, the WTRU may transmit SRS according to the SRS resources in (e.g., each of) the selected SRS sub-configs. For example, if the SRS resource patterns in time domain in the selected SRS sub-configs are a first SRS sub-config (referred to as SRS sub-configl = {tl, t4, t7. . . .}) and a second SRS sub-config (referred to as SRS sub-config2 = {t3, t6, t9,... }), the WTRU may perform periodic SRS transmission in the following time domain SRS resources: {tl, t3, t4, t6, t7, t9,... {. For example, when transmitting SRS in different time domain resources (e.g., symbols / slots), the WTRU may apply different UL Tx spatial filter corresponding to the SRS sub- config or NES adaptation.

[0268] In an example, for the one or more SRS resources in which the WTRU may transmit SRS, the WTRU may determine and / or apply an UL Tx spatial filter for transmitting the SRS based on the TCI state associated with the SRS resource. Such TCI state or the DL RS associated with the TCI state may correspond to the TCI state determined as usable, for example.

[0269] In an example, multiple SRS sub-configs may be selected for SRS transmission. The WTRU may transmit SRS in SRS resources in the selected SRS sub-configs in a sequential order based on the index value of the selected SRS sub-configs. For example, if SRS sub-configs with indexes #{2, 5, 3, 7, 4, 8} are selected, the WTRU may transmit SRS in SRS resources in increasing or decreasing order corresponding to index values of the selected SRS sub-configs (e.g., #{2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8} or #{8, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2}).

[0270] In another example, the WTRU may be configured with SRS and CSLRS configs / sub- configs / resources. The WTRU may determine whether to perform SRS transmission based on the CSLRS measurements. For example, the WTRU may perform CSLRS measurements based on being configured / triggered (e.g., for any of periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic CSLRS), and may determine to perform SRS transmission based on the measurements performed on CSLRS being above / below one or more measurement threshold values (e.g., RSRP threshold values). When determining to perform SRS transmission, for example, after performing CSLRS measurements, the WTRU may determine to not transmit the CSLRS measurement report, for example. In another example, the WTRU may determine to not perform CSLRS measurements / reporting and to perform SRS transmissions, if the measurements performed on theDL RS / TCI states associated with SRS sub-configs are higher / lower than a threshold (e.g., RSRP threshold) and / or the last SRS transmission may have been performed earlier than T1 symbols / slots / milliseconds. In another example, the WTRU may determine to not perform SRS transmission if the last CSI-RS measurements and / or the last transmission of the CSI-RS measurement reports were performed within T2 symbols / slots / milliseconds.

[0271] An example of SRS transmission with antenna switching is described herein.

[0272] In various embodiments, the WTRU may determine one or more antenna switching configs / sub-configs and / or SRS configs / sub-configs from a (e.g., preconfigured) set for performing SRS transmission with antenna switching, e.g., based on the reception of triggering indication(s). Such indications may include any of (de)activation of antenna switching sub-configs and (de)activation of SRS sub-configs for antenna switching at the WTRU. With antenna switching, the WTRU may switch between one or more antenna switching configs / sub-configs for transmitting SRS (e.g., a same SRS sequence) via a set of WTRU antenna ports associated with an antenna switching sub-config in different time occasions such that UL measurements may be performed at the NW via different paths and corresponding DL channels may be estimated (e.g., determined), for example. Such WTRU antenna ports may correspond to any of Tx antenna ports, Rx antenna ports, Tx antenna elements and Rx antenna elements, which may be located in one or more antenna panels at WTRU, for example.

[0273] The WTRU may perform one or more actions including, for example, selecting a subset of antenna switching configs / sub-configs, where one (e.g., each of which) may comprise a set of one or more WTRU antenna ports, when performing SRS transmission via the WTRU antenna ports in resources corresponding to the selected SRS sub-configs. Such techniques related to triggering / selection of antenna switching sub-configs and / or WTRU antenna ports for SRS transmission may be associated with the techniques (e.g., methods) for supporting NES adaptation techniques, for example.

[0274] In the examples described herein, the WTRU may receive configuration information from the NW, including one or more antenna switching configurations or at least one antenna switching configuration comprising one or more antenna switching sub-configs. Such (e.g., configuration information indicating) antenna switching configs / sub-configs may be received with (e.g., the configuration information indicating) the SRS configs / sub-configs.

[0275] For example, (e.g., each of) the antenna switching sub-configs may include information or parameters on (e.g., indicating) any of the WTRU antenna ports (e.g., number and / or IDs of Tx / Rx ports), TCI states along with (e.g., first) association information (e.g., indicating association) between the SRS sub-configs / resources and WTRU antenna ports, and (e.g., second)association information (e.g., indicating association) between the TCI states and WTRU antenna ports. For example, the (e.g., first) association information (e.g., indicating association) between SRS resources and WTRU antenna ports may indicate how the SRS resources (e.g., in time and / or frequency domains) may be transmitted via one or more WTRU antenna ports at the WTRU. In this case, a set of SRS resources may be transmitted with one or more WTRU antenna ports in an antenna switching sub-config in a (e.g., each) SRS transmission occasion. In another example, the association between TCI states and WTRU antenna ports may indicate the correspondence between the DL signal / RS (e.g., any of SSB index, CSI-RS, TRS) associated with a TCI state that may be received in an WTRU antenna port (e.g. Rx port), which may be used for determining the spatial relation when transmitting SRS via the WTRU antenna port. The WTRU may receive the (e.g., first / second) association information (e.g., indicating association) between SRS resources and WTRU antenna ports and / or between TCI states and WTRU antenna ports in (e.g., a same piece of) configuration information or in separate signaling / indications, for example.

[0276] Such antenna switching sub-configs may be associated with any of periodic, semi- persistent and aperiodic SRS transmission. For any of periodic, semi-persist and aperiodic SRS, the associated parameters, including those related to antenna switching and / or usage of WTRU antenna ports, may be configured with RRC signaling. For periodic SRS, the WTRU may initiate / trigger SRS transmission via one or more WTRU antenna ports associated with an antenna switching sub-config using resources in the corresponding SRS sub-configs upon (e.g., based on) receiving the configuration information or upon (e.g., based on) receiving a triggering indication (e.g., via any of RRC signaling, MAC CE and DCI). For semi-persistent and / or aperiodic SRS, the WTRU may initiate / trigger SRS transmission via one or more WTRU antenna ports associated with an antenna switching sub-config using pre-configured resources in SRS sub-configs upon (e.g., based on) receiving a triggering indication (e.g., in MAC CE and / or DCI). For aperiodic SRS, the WTRU may initiate / trigger SRS transmission via WTRU antenna ports associated with an antenna switching sub-config using resources / parameters associated with SRS sub-configs, a subset of which may be indicated in the triggering indication (e.g., in MAC CE and / or DCI), for example.

[0277] The terms "antenna switching sub-configs", "subsets of WTRU antenna ports" and "WTRU antenna ports" may be used interchangeably in embodiments described herein.

[0278] A WTRU receiving triggering indications associated with antenna switching is described herein.

[0279] In an example, the WTRU may receive one or more indications associated with any of the antenna switching sub-configs, SRS sub-configs and TCI states for SRS transmission. Suchindications may be received in any of RRC messages, MAC CE and DCI (such as e.g., any of WTRU-specific, cell-common, group common DCI). In another example, the indications may be received implicitly based on detection of measurements of signals / channels associated with the configured antenna switching sub-configs. When receiving any of the (e.g., explicit / implicit) indication / signaling, the WTRU may perform selection of the antenna switching sub-configs and / or the WTRU antenna ports for SRS transmission based on the indicated / determined parameters and other preconfigured conditions, for example. The properties associated with the indications on SRS sub-configs and / or TCI states may be the same / similar as those provided in previous descriptions of embodiments described herein and are not repeated.

[0280] The indications received by the WTRU may correspond to one of more of (1) signaling on triggering of antenna switching, (2) signaling indicating the enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of one or more WTRU antenna ports, (3) signaling indicating the enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of NES adaptations / states, and (4) detection of events / signals associated with antenna switching sub-configs and / or WTRU antenna ports.

[0281] Related to the indications received by the WTRU corresponding to signaling on triggering of antenna switching, such indication may indicate to initiate / trigger antenna switching (AS) procedure or pattern at the WTRU. For example, when configured with one or more antenna switching patterns corresponding to the set of one or more antenna switching sub-configs or WTRU antenna ports to use when switching at different time occasions, the indication may indicate the id / index of the pattern to use. For example, a pattern may correspond to (e.g., may be referred to as): {AS sub-configl, AS sub-config3, AS sub-config5}, where the associated WTRU antenna ports may include AS subconfigl = {API, AP2, AP3}, AS sub-config2 = {AP5, AP6} and AS sub-config3={AP8{.

[0282] Such indication on (de)activation of antenna switching sub-configs may be received in a bitmap format, for example with a (e.g., specific) configured length corresponding to the number of configured antenna switching sub-configs, where the bit " 1 " in the bitmap may indicate the activation of a sub-config and bit "0" may indicate deactivation of a sub-config.

[0283] Such indication for triggering antenna switching may be received in a separate indication or in the same indication as that of (de)activation of SRS sub-configs and / or TCI states.

[0284] In an example, the indication may include the timing info (e.g., in terms of any of absolute time symbols / slots / milliseconds and relative time with respect to reference symbols / slots / millisecond) for applying antenna switching or an antenna switching pattern.

[0285] In another example, the indication may include the timing info for ending / stopping antenna switching. Such indication may provide the length / duration of time (e.g., max (e.g., upperbound) number of symbols, slots, milliseconds) for completing SRS transmission with antenna switching.

[0286] Related to the indications received by the WTRU corresponding to signaling indicating the enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of one or more WTRU antenna ports (e.g. Tx / Rx ports), such indication on usage of WTRU antenna ports may be associated with any of periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic SRS.

[0287] Such indication on (de)activation of WTRU antenna ports may be received in a bitmap format, e.g., with a (e.g., specific) configured length corresponding to the number of configured SRS sub-configs, where the bit " 1 " in the bitmap may indicate the activation of a set of one or more WTRU antenna ports and bit "0" may indicate deactivation of the set of WTRU antenna ports.

[0288] In an example, SRS transmission via multiple WTRU antenna ports may be triggered or activated simultaneously (e.g., at a same time).

[0289] The signaling on such indication may be received at the granularity of per SRS config, per SRS sub-config or multiple SRS configs / sub-configs (e.g., common WTRU antenna port configuration may be applied for multiple SRS sub-configs).

[0290] When (e.g., after) receiving an activation indication, the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that the WTRU antenna ports may be used for SRS transmission e.g., immediately, or after an application time (e.g., configured / indicated) or after receiving another triggering indication (e.g., for triggering SRS transmission), for example.

[0291] When (e.g., after) receiving a deactivation indication, the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) that the WTRU antenna ports may not be used for SRS transmission e.g., immediately (e.g., may stop SRS transmission), or after an application time (e.g., configured / indicated), for example.

[0292] In an example, the WTRU may switch from a first set of WTRU antenna ports to a second set of WTRU antenna ports when (e.g., based on) receiving a switching indication (e.g., indicating to switch to another set (ID) WTRU antenna ports) and / or a deactivation indication.

[0293] The indication on WTRU antenna ports may include information on new or updated parameters. For example, the indication may indicate a set of new WTRU antenna ports or panels that may be used for transmitting SRS with resources in one or more SRS sub-configs. In another example, the indication may indicate a new pool of WTRU antenna ports / panels from which the WTRU may select for performing SRS transmission. When receiving new or updated parameters, the indication may include (e.g., indicate) the index / id of the WTRU antenna ports for which the new / updated parameters may be applicable or not applicable, for example.

[0294] Related to the indications received by the WTRU corresponding to signaling indicating the enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of NES adaptations / states, such indication may indicate the NES adaptation schemes (e.g., ids / indexes) such as any of SD / PD adaptations and cell DTX / DRX for which antenna switching may be applied.

[0295] For example, when (e.g., based on) receiving such indication, the WTRU may determine / identify the antenna switching sub-configs or the WTRU antenna ports (e.g. Tx / Rx ports) to apply based on association information (e.g., indicating an association) between the antenna switching sub-configs / WTRU antenna ports and any of the NES adaptations, SRS sub- configs, and TCI states, for example.

[0296] Related to the indications received by the WTRU corresponding to detecting events / signals associated with antenna switching sub-configs and / or WTRU antenna ports, in an example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more conditions or threshold values associated with a set of events / signals which may be associated with the antenna switching sub-configs and / or WTRU antenna ports.

[0297] For example, the WTRU may be configured with monitoring of one or more DL RS (e.g., SSBs) and association information (e.g., indicating an association) between the antenna switching sub-configs / WTRU antenna ports and TCI states. The WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) a set of antenna switching sub-configs or WTRU antenna ports as active for SRS transmission when (e.g., based on) detecting the DL RS associated with the TCI states and the antenna switching sub- configs / WTRU antenna ports.

[0298] When (e.g., based on) detecting any of the events / signals / conditions associated with antenna switching sub-configs / WTRU antenna ports and TCI states, the WTRU may transmit an indication to the NW, e.g., containing any of information on the sub-configs / WTRU antenna ports and measurements of the detected events / signals made via the WTRU antenna ports, for example.

[0299] A WTRU performing selection of antenna switching sub-configs or selection of WTRU antenna ports is described herein.

[0300] In an example, the WTRU may select one or more antenna switching sub-configs or WTRU antenna ports for SRS transmission from a set of configured and / or activated antenna switching sub-configs / WTRU antenna ports. Such selection of the antenna switching sub-configs may be performed before or after receiving the indications on (de)activation of TCI states and / or (de)activation of SRS sub-configs, for example.

[0301] The WTRU may perform selection of antenna switching sub-configs or WTRU antenna ports based on any of following criteria / conditions.

[0302] A first example of criteria / conditions related to signaling associated with triggering / (de)activation of SRS is described herein. For example, the WTRU may select the antenna switching sub-configs that may be indicated as activated for SRS transmission, e.g., when configured to follow the signaling / indication. In another example, the WTRU may select the antenna switching sub-configs that may be associated with the activated / selected SRS sub-configs.

[0303] A second example of criteria / conditions related to measurements associated with TCI states is described herein. For example, the WTRU may select an antenna switching sub-config, based on the measurements performed via the WTRU antenna ports on at least one DL RS associated with a TCI state (e.g., determined as usable) being higher than and / or less than one or more measurement threshold values (e.g., any of RSRP, RSRQ, SINR threshold values). In this case, the TCI state determined as usable may be associated with the antenna switching sub-configs, for example. Such measurement threshold values used for selecting antenna switching sub-configs, may be preconfigured in the WTRU.

[0304] A third example of criteria / conditions related to timing information associated with transmitting SRS with antenna switching sub-configs is described herein. For example, the WTRU may select an antenna switching sub-config that may satisfy at least one of the following two conditions.

[0305] The first condition may be satisfied if the SRS transmission in an SRS resource (e.g., first resource) using an antenna switching sub-config begins no later than T1 symbols / slots / milliseconds after the WTRU may have received an indication associated with activation of the antenna switching sub-config and / or SRS sub-config.

[0306] The second condition may be satisfied if the SRS transmission in an SRS resource (e.g., last resource) using an antenna switching sub-config ends no earlier than T2 symbols / slots / milliseconds after the WTRU may have received an indication associated with activation of the using an antenna switching sub-config and / or SRS sub-config.

[0307] In another example, the WTRU may be configured with a time window and / or a time restriction value (e.g., in terms of number of symbols / slots / milliseconds). The WTRU may select one or more antenna switching sub-configs that may be accommodated within the time window for SRS transmission. Such time window may be associated with one or more NES adaptations / states, during which the SRS transmissions may be expected to be done / completed.

[0308] A fourth example of criteria / conditions related to transmission power for transmitting SRS is described herein. For example, the WTRU may select an antenna switching sub-config, based on the transmit power applied for transmitting SRS via the one or more associated WTRU antenna ports satisfying at least one of the following two conditions.

[0309] The first condition may be satisfied if the total power used for transmitting SRS is less than a first Tx power threshold value and / or higher than a second Tx power threshold value.

[0310] The first condition may be satisfied if the power spectral density for the one or more SRS resources (e.g., in time domain and / or frequency domain) when transmitting in the WTRU antenna ports is less than a first PSD threshold value and / or higher than a second PSD threshold value.

[0311] A fifth example of criteria / conditions related to priority is described herein. For example, the WTRU may select an antenna switching sub-config for SRS transmission, based on the priority associated with the antenna switching sub-config and / or the priority of the SRS sub-config which may be associated with the antenna switching sub-config being higher than a first priority threshold value and / or lower than a second priority threshold value.

[0312] In an example, when (e.g., after) selecting any of the antenna switching sub-config or WTRU antenna ports, the WTRU may transmit an indication to the NW (e.g., in MAC CE, and / or UCI) for indicating the selected and / or unselected antenna switching sub-config. Such indication may be transmitted before the start of SRS transmission. Upon (e.g., after) transmitting the indication, the WTRU may receive a confirmation indication from the NW indicating / triggering the transmission of SRS using the antenna switching sub-config selected by the WTRU or in different antenna switching sub-config, for example.

[0313] In an example, if none of the configured / activated antenna switching sub-config are selected by the WTRU, e.g., based on failing to meet at least one of the above-described criteria / conditions, the WTRU may drop SRS transmission or transmit an indication to the NW requesting for new / updated SRS sub-configs, and / or antenna switching sub-configs, and / or TCI states.

[0314] A WTRU transmitting SRS using antenna switching sub-config(s) is described herein.

[0315] In an example, the WTRU may perform SRS transmission in one or more SRS resources using at least one antenna switching sub-config. Such SRS transmission may be done for any of periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic SRS, e.g., when configured with antenna switching.

[0316] In an example, the number of Tx ports and Rx ports may be equal at the WTRU (e.g., 1T=1R, 2T=2R, 4T=4R). The WTRU may use one or more antenna switching sub-configs with the same set of one or more WTRU antenna ports (e.g., Rx ports) to transmit one SRS resource in different occasions corresponding to the activated / selected SRS sub-configs.

[0317] In another example, the number of Tx ports and Rx ports may not be equal at the WTRU (e.g., 1T2R, 1T4R, 2T4R, 1T6R, 1T8R, 2T6R, 4T8R). The WTRU may switch between different antenna switching sub-configs comprising different sets of one or more WTRU antenna ports (e.g. RX ports) to transmit SRS resources in different occasions, where the occasions may correspondto activated / selected SRS sub-configs. In this case, (e.g., when switching) the WTRU may switch between the activated / selected antenna switching sub-configs that may be associated with the activated / selected SRS sub-configs. For example, when switching between different antenna switching sub-configs, the WTRU may apply a guard period (e.g., with a configured / indicated length of one or more symbols / slots / milliseconds), for example, to allow changing of the WTRU antenna ports.

[0318] In an example, for the one or more SRS resources in which the WTRU may transmit SRS using an antenna switching sub-config, the WTRU may determine and / or apply an UL Tx spatial filter for transmitting the SRS via the associated WTRU antenna ports based on the TCI state associated with the antenna switching sub-config. In another example, the WTRU may transmit SRS in SRS resources using the antenna switching sub-configs in a sequential order based on e.g., the index value of the selected antenna switching sub-configs.

[0319] SRS transmission with codebook type is described herein.

[0320] An example of SRS transmission with codebook type is described herein.

[0321] In various embodiments, the WTRU may determine one or more SRS configs / sub-configs associated with non-codebook or codebook-based SRS for SRS transmission based on configuration and / or reception of indications on the (de)activation of TCI states and / or SRS sub- configs. Such SRS codebook types (e.g., non-codebook-based, codebook-based SRS) may be associated with one or more NES adaptations / states at the NW, for example.

[0322] In the examples described herein, the WTRU may receive configuration information from the NW, including (e.g., indicating) one or more SRS sub-configs that may be configured with parameters associated with the SRS codebook type. For example, for any SRS sub-configs with codebook-based SRS the WTRU may be configured with precoding weights or with information for determining the precoding weights (e.g., index / id to a preconfigured table or row in a preconfigured table), which may be used for performing SRS transmission. For example, (e.g., each of) the SRS sub-configs may be associated with one or more DL RSs and / or TCI states. In another example, the WTRU may receive an indication on whether to apply codebook-based or non-codebook-based SRS transmission and / or associated parameters for an SRS sub-config in a separate configuration information or signaling message. Such SRS sub-configs associated with a codebook type may be associated with any of periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic SRS transmission.

[0323] A WTRU receiving triggering indications associated with SRS codebook type is described herein.

[0324] In an example, the WTRU may receive one or more indications associated with SRS codebook types (e.g., non-codebook, codebook-based SRS) for the SRS sub-configs. Such indications may be received in any of RRC messages, MAC CE and DCI (e.g., any of WTRU- specific, cell-common, group common DCI). In another example, the indications may be received implicitly e.g., based on detection of measurements of signals / channels associated with the non- codebook / codebook-based SRS. When (e.g., after) receiving any of the indication / signaling, the WTRU may perform selection of the SRS sub-configs based on the (e.g., explicitly / implicitly) indicated / determined parameters and other preconfigured conditions, for example. The properties associated with the indications on SRS sub-configs and TCI states may be the same / similar as those provided in previous descriptions of embodiments described herein and are not repeated.

[0325] The indications received by the WTRU may correspond to one of more of (1) signaling on triggering of SRS codebook type, (2) signaling indicating the enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of NES adaptations / states, and (3) detection of events / signals associated with SRS codebook type.

[0326] Indications received by the WTRU and corresponding to signaling on triggering of SRS codebook type are described herein. Such indication may indicate to initiate / trigger non-codebook based or codebook-based SRS for one or more SRS sub-configs. Such indication for triggering SRS codebook type may be received in a separate indication or in the same indication as that of (de)activation of SRS sub-configs or TCI states. In an example, the indication may include the timing information (e.g., in terms of any of absolute time symbols / slots / milliseconds and relative time with respect to reference symbol s / slots / milliseconds) for starting / stopping the application of the SRS codebook type.

[0327] Indications received by the WTRU and corresponding to signaling indicating the enabling / disabling or activation / deactivation of NES adaptations / states are described herein. Such indication may indicate the NES adaptation schemes (e.g., ids / indexes) such as SD / PD adaptations and / or cell DTX / DRX for which antenna switching may be applied. For example, when (e.g., based on) receiving such indication, the WTRU may determine / identify the SRS codebook type to apply based on association information (e.g., indicating association) between the SRS codebook type and any of the NES adaptations, SRS sub-configs, and TCI states, for example.

[0328] Indications received by the WTRU and corresponding to detection of events / signals associated with SRS codebook type are described herein. In an example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more conditions or threshold values associated with a set of events / signalswhich may be associated with the SRS codebook type. For example, when configured with monitoring of one or more DL RS (e.g., SSBs) and association information (e.g., indicating association) between the codebook type and TCI states, the WTRU may assume (e.g., determine) an SRS codebook type (e.g., non-codebook-based SRS or codebook-based SRS) as active for SRS transmission based on detecting the DL RS associated with the TCI states and the SRS codebook type.

[0329] A WTRU determining SRS codebook type for SRS sub-configs is described herein.

[0330] In an example, the WTRU may select / determine the SRS codebook type for the one or more SRS sub-configs which may be activated / selected. The WTRU may determine the SRS codebook type based on any of following criteria / conditions: (1) signaling associated with triggering / (de)activation of SRS and (2) measurements associated with TCI states.

[0331] Related to criteria / conditions corresponding to signaling associated with triggering / (de)activation of SRS, for example, the WTRU may determine the codebook type for the SRS sub-configs based on the signaling, e.g., when configured to follow the signaling / indication.

[0332] Related to criteria / conditions corresponding to measurements associated with TCI states, the WTRU may determine the codebook type based on the measurements performed on at least one DL RS associated with a TCI state being higher than and / or less than one or more measurement threshold values (e.g., any of RSRP, RSRQ, SINR threshold values). In this case, the TCI state may be associated with the codebook type. In an example, the WTRU may determine to use non- codebook-based SRS for an SRS sub-config based on the measurement performed on the DL RS associated with the TCI state being higher than RSRP threshold. Otherwise, the WTRU may determine to use codebook-based SRS.

[0333] In an example, when (e.g., after) determining the SRS codebook type for any SRS sub- configs, the WTRU may transmit an indication to the NW (e.g., in MAC CE, and / or UCI) for indicating the determined non-codebook-based SRS or codebook-based SRS. Such indication may be transmitted before the start of SRS transmission in the SRS resource corresponding to any selected SRS sub-configs. Upon (e.g., after) transmitting the indication, the WTRU may receive a confirmation indication from the NW indicating / triggering the transmission of SRS with a cookbook type, which may be, for example, the same or different than that determined by the WTRU.

[0334] A WTRU transmitting SRS based on determined / indicated SRS codebook type is described herein.

[0335] In an example solution, the WTRU may perform SRS transmission based on the indicated / determined SRS codebook type using at least one SRS resource in (e.g., each of) the selected one or more SRS sub-configs. Such SRS transmission may be performed for any of periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic SRS, for example.

[0336] In an example, for non-codebook-based SRS, the WTRU may derive the UL precoding weights for SRS for the one or more SRS sub-configs. Such derivation of the precoding weights may be done based on the measurements performed on the DL RS associated with the TCI states, which may be associated with the activated / selected SRS sub-configs. The WTRU may transmit the pre-coded SRS using the derived precoding weights in SRS resources associated with the activated / selected SRS sub-configs. The WTRU may receive feedback indications including any of SRI and transmission precoding matrix index (TPMI). Such parameters may be used by the WTRU for transmitting PUSCH or subsequent SRS transmissions (e.g., in subsequent transmission occasions or periods). For example, the parameters provided in such feedback indications may correspond to the NES adaptation / state that may be applied at the NW.

[0337] In an example, for codebook-based SRS, the WTRU may be configured with the precoding info / parameters that may be used when transmitting SRS, e.g., after receiving the signaling / indications on triggering / (de)activation of SRS sub-configs. The WTRU may transmit the non-pre-coded SRS in SRS resources associated with the activated / selected SRS sub-configs. The WTRU may receive feedback indications including any of SRI, RI and TPMI. Such parameters may be used by the WTRU for transmitting PUSCH or subsequent SRS transmissions (e.g., in subsequent transmission occasions or periods).

[0338] An example of determination of SRS sub-configurations is described herein.

[0339] In an example, a WTRU may determine the SRS sub-configs from a (e.g., preconfigured) set for SRS transmission based on the reception of (e.g., triggering) indication(s) on any of the activation of transmission configuration indication (TCI) states and the activation of SRS sub- configs.

[0340] In an example, the WTRU may receive configuration information, including (e.g., indicating) at least one SRS configuration comprising one or more SRS sub-configs, where a (e.g., each) SRS sub-configuration may include (e.g., indicate) any of the following parameters: (i) SRS resource information (e.g., indicating any of resources in time and / or frequency domains, port subset, IDs, ...) (ii) one or more TCI states, where a (e.g., each) TCI state may be associated with a DL reference signal (RS) resource (e.g., any of SSB index, CSLRS resource ID) as a quasi-colocation (QCL) source. For example, TCI states in different SRS sub-configs may be nonoverlapping (e.g., TCI states of SRS subconfigl = {TCI1, TCI2}, TCI states of SRS subconfig2 = {TCI3, TCI4}, and TCI states of SRS subconfig3 = {TCI5, TCI6}). For example, a (e.g., each) SRS sub-configuration may be associated with an NES adaptation (e.g., shutdown of antenna elements / panel at the NW node).

[0341] In an example, the WTRU may receive a (e.g., first) indication indicating the activation of one or more TCI states (e.g., in downlink control information (DCI)). For example, the activation status (e.g., active or not active) of a set of TCI states may be indicated as follows: {TCI1 = active, TCI2 = active, TCI3 = active, TCI4 = not active, TCI5 = active, TCI6 = not active, TCI7 = active}. For example, the indicated TCI states may or may not be associated with the TCI states of SRS sub-configs. For example, the (e.g., first) indication may be received as part of an NES adaptation indication.

[0342] In an example, the WTRU may receive a (e.g., second) indication indicating the activation of one or more SRS sub-configs. For example, the indication may be received in any of a DCI and a MAC control element (MAC CE). The (e.g., second) indication may be received, in a bitmap format, where a bit may be associated with an SRS sub-configuration and may indicate the activation status (e.g., SRS subconfigl = active, SRS subconfig2 = active, SRS subconfig3 = not active). For example, the (e.g., second) indication may activate sub-configs configured with aperiodic or semi-persistent SRS.

[0343] In an example, the WTRU may determine one or more (e.g., usable) TCI states based on the received (e.g., first / second) indications on the activation of TCI states and SRS sub-configs (e.g., the WTRU may determine the (e.g., usable) TCI states as the active TCI states within the active SRS sub-configs). For example, the WTRU may determine the (e.g., usable) TCI states = {TCI1, TCI2, TCI3} for the example described above with SRS subconfigl and SRS subconfig2 active and the TCI states active within those SRS sub-configs = TCI1, TCI2, TCI3.

[0344] In an example, the WTRU may perform measurements (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements) of at least one DL RS associated with a (e.g., each of) the determined (e.g., usable) TCI states.

[0345] In an example, the WTRU may select one or more of the active SRS sub-configs for SRS transmission based on the measurements associated with the determined (e.g., usable) TCI states and / or the timing of the SRS resources associated with the active SRS sub-configs. For example: the WTRU may select an SRS sub-config (from the active SRS sub-configs) based on determining that (e.g., when) a DL RS measurement associated with a determined (e.g., usable) TCI state associated with the SRS sub-config satisfies a strength condition (e.g., exceeds an RSRPthreshold). For example, the WTRU may select an SRS sub-config (from the active SRS sub- configs) based on determining that (e.g., when) it includes an SRS resource (e.g., earliest resource) among the SRS resources of the active SRS sub-configs that may satisfy at least one of the following conditions: (i) the SRS resource is associated with a determined usable TCI state, (ii) the SRS resource begins (e.g., occurs) no later than T [symbols / slots] (e.g., after a period of time) after the WTRU may have received the (e.g., second) indication activating the SRS sub-config to which the SRS resource may belong, (iii) the SRS resource is an (e.g., an earliest) SRS resource that may occur at or after a starting time for transmission indicated by an SRS / RS transmission request.

[0346] In an example, the WTRU may transmit SRS (e.g., based on scheduling that may be periodic or semi-persistent and / or based on a dynamic or aperiodic trigger) using at least one SRS resource in a (e.g., each of the) selected one or more active SRS sub-configs. For example, for a (e.g., each) SRS resource in which the WTRU may transmit SRS, the WTRU may determine an UL transmit (Tx) spatial filter for transmitting the SRS based on the TCI state (from the determined usable TCI states) associated with the SRS resource. For example, the WTRU may transmit SRS in SRS resources in the selected SRS sub-configs in a sequential order based on the index value of the selected SRS sub-configs.

[0347] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example procedure for determination of SRS sub- configs by a WTRU, including the configuration of SRS sub-configs, reception of indications on (de)activation of TCI states and SRS sub-configs, determination of usable TCI states, selection of SRS sub-configs and SRS transmission in resources associated with the selected SRS sub-configs.

[0348] In an example, the WTRU may receive configuration information 21, including (i) SRS sub-configs (e.g., SRS resources), and association between SRS sub-configs and TCI states, e.g., SRS subconfigl = {TCI1, TCI2}, SRS subconfig2 = {TCI3, TCI4}, SRS subconfig3 = {TCI5, TCI6}), and / or (ii) TCI states, and association between TCI states and DL RS, e.g., TCI statel = {DL RSI }, TCI state2 = {DL RS2}, TCI state3 = {DL RS3}, TCI stated = {DL RS4}, TCI state5 = {DL RS5}.

[0349] In an example, the WTRU may receive a (e.g., first) indication 22 on (de)activation of TCI states, which may include / indicate active TCI states and / or not active TCI states e.g., {TCI1 = active, TCI2 = active, TCI3 = active, TCI4 = not active, TCI5 = active, TCI6 = not active, TCI7 = active}.

[0350] In an example, the WTRU may receive a (e.g., second) indication 23 on (de)activation of SRS sub-configs which may include / indicate active SRS sub-configs and / or not active SRS sub- configs, e.g., {SRS subconfigl = active, SRS subconfig2 = active, SRS subconfig3 = not active}.

[0351] As shown at 24, the WTRU may determine usable TCI states based on the (e.g., first) indication 22 on (de)activation of TCI states and the (e.g., second) indication 23 on (de)activation of SRS sub-configs. For example, determined usable TCI states may be {TCI1, TCI2, TCI3}.

[0352] In an example, the WTRU may receive a plurality of DL RSs 25.

[0353] As shown at 26, the WTRU may perform measurements on DL RS(s) of the plurality of DL RSs 25 associated with the determined usable TCI states, e.g., DL RSI, DL RS2, DL RS3.

[0354] As shown at 27, the WTRU may select SRS sub-configs based on e.g., measurements of DL RS(s) and timing of SRS resources in activated SRS sub-configs. For example, the WTRU may select SRS sub-configl, SRS sub-config2.

[0355] In an example, the WTRU may transmit SRS 28 in SRS resources associated with the selected SRS sub-configs.

[0356] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example first method 300 for determining one or more reference signal sub-configs, implemented in a WTRU. The WTRU may include circuitry including any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory. The circuitry may be configured to carry out the method 300. As shown at 310, the first method 300 may include receiving a first indication indicating an activation of one or more reference beam states. As shown at 320, the first method 300 may include receiving a second indication indicating an activation of one or more reference signal sub-configurations of a plurality of reference signal subconfigurations. As shown at 330, the first method 300 may include determining one or more usable reference beam states based on the first indication and the second indication. In various embodiments, the one or more usable reference beam states may be indicated as active reference beam states within one or more active reference signal sub-configurations. As shown at 340, the first method 300 may include selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal subconfigurations for reference signal transmission based on one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states. As shown at 350, the first method 300 may include transmitting one or more reference signals in one or more resources associated with the selected at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations.

[0357] In various embodiments, the first method 300 may further include receiving configuration information indicating the plurality of reference signal sub-configurations.

[0358] In various embodiments, the configuration information may indicate at least one reference signal configuration including the plurality of reference signal sub-configurations.

[0359] In various embodiments, the configuration information may indicate at least one reference beam state for a reference signal sub-configuration of the plurality of reference signal subconfigurations.

[0360] In various embodiments, a reference beam state of the at least one reference beam state may be associated with a downlink reference signal resource as a quasi-colocation source.

[0361] In various embodiments, the configuration information may indicate that a reference signal sub-configuration of the plurality of reference signal sub-configurations may be associated with a network energy savings adaptation.

[0362] In various embodiments, reference beam states of different reference signal subconfigurations may be different.

[0363] In various embodiments, the first method 300 may further include performing the one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states in one or more downlink reference signal resources associated with the one or more usable reference beam states.

[0364] In various embodiments, the first indication may be received as part of a network energy savings indication.

[0365] In various embodiments, the second indication may be received as part of any of a DCI and a MAC CE.

[0366] In various embodiments, selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations may comprise selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations based on a timing of resources associated with the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations.

[0367] In various embodiments, selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations may comprise selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations based on the one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states being above a threshold.

[0368] In various embodiments, selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations may comprise selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations based on the at least one of the one or more active reference signal subconfigurations comprising a resource satisfying a condition.

[0369] In various embodiments, the condition may be satisfied in a case where the resource is associated with at least one of the one or more usable reference beam states.

[0370] In various embodiments, the condition may be satisfied in a case where the resource begins no later than a period of time after the second indication has been received.

[0371] In various embodiments, the condition may be satisfied in a case where the resource occurs after a starting time indicated in a reference signal transmission request.

[0372] In various embodiments, the one or more reference beam states are one or more TCI states.

[0373] In various embodiments, the one or more reference signals are one or more SRS.In various embodiments, the plurality of reference signal configurations and sub-configurations are a plurality of SRS configurations and SRS sub-configurations.

[0374] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example second method 400 for determining one or more reference signal sub-configs, implemented in a WTRU. As shown at 410, the second method 400 may include receiving a first indication indicating an activation of one or more antenna switching sub-configurations of a plurality of antenna switching sub-configurations. As shown at 420, the second method 400 may include receiving a second indication indicating an activation of one or more reference signal sub-configurations of a plurality of reference signal subconfigurations. As shown at 430, the second method 400 may include selecting at least one of the one or more active antenna switching sub-configurations for reference signal transmission based on at least the first indication. As shown at 440, the second method 400 may include selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations for antenna switching based on at least the second indication. As shown at 450, the second method 400 may include transmitting one or more reference signals via one or more receive ports associated with the selected at least one of the one or more active antenna switching sub-configurations in one or more resources associated with the selected at least one of the one or more active reference signal subconfigurations.

[0375] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example third method 500 for determining one or more reference signal sub-configs, implemented in a WTRU. As shown at 510, the third method 500 may include receiving a first indication indicating an activation of one or more reference beam states. As shown at 520, the third method 500 may include receiving a second indication indicating an activation of one or more reference signal sub-configurations of a plurality of reference signal sub-configurations. As shown at 530, the third method 500 may include determining one or more usable reference beam states based on the first indication and the second indication. In various embodiments, the one or more usable reference beam states may be indicated as active reference beam states within one or more active reference signal sub-configurations. As shown at 540, the third method 500 may include selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal subconfigurations for reference signal transmission based on one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states being associated with codebook-based reference signals. As shown at 550, the third method 300 may include transmitting one or more codebookbased reference signals in one or more resources associated with the selected at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations.

[0376] In various embodiments, the active reference beams states (e.g., activated via the first indication) may be associated with codebook-based reference signals.

[0377] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example method 600 for determining one or more reference signal sub-configs, implemented in a network element. The network element may include circuitry including any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory. The circuitry may be configured to carry out the method 600. As shown at 610, the method 600 may include sending configuration information indicating a plurality of reference signal subconfigurations. As shown at 620, the method 600 may include sending a first indication indicating an activation of one or more reference beam states. As shown at 630, the method 600 may include sending a second indication indicating an activation of one or more reference signal subconfigurations of the plurality of reference signal sub-configurations. As shown at 640, the method 600 may include sending a plurality of downlink reference signals in a plurality of downlink reference signal resources for measurement. In various embodiment, a (e.g., each) downlink reference signal resource may be associated with a reference beam state. As shown at 650, the method 600 may include receiving one or more reference signals in one or more resources associated with at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations.

[0378] In various embodiment, the network element may comprise a base station.

[0379] Any variant described in relation to the first method 300 implemented in WTRU and illustrated at FIG. 3 may also be applicable any of (i) the second method 400 implemented in a WTRU and illustrated at FIG. 4, (ii) the third method 500 implemented in a WTRU and illustrated at FIG. 5, and (iii) the method 600 implemented in a network element and illustrated at FIG. 6.

[0380] While not explicitly described, embodiments described herein may be employed in any combination or sub-combination. For example, the present principles are not limited to the described variants, and any arrangement of variants and embodiments can be used.

[0381] Besides, any characteristic, variant or embodiment described for a method is compatible with an apparatus device comprising means for processing the disclosed method, with a device comprising circuitry, including any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory, the circuitry being operable (e.g., configured) to process the disclosed method, with a computer program product comprising program code instructions and with a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium storing program instructions.

[0382] Although features and elements are provided above in particular combinations, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended asillustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations may be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. No element, act, or instruction used in the description of the present application should be construed as critical or essential to the invention unless explicitly provided as such. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods or systems.

[0383] The foregoing embodiments are discussed, for simplicity, with regard to the terminology and structure of infrared capable devices, i.e., infrared emitters and receivers. However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems but may be applied to other systems that use other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves such as acoustic waves.

[0384] It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "imagery" may mean any of a snapshot, single image and / or multiple images displayed over a time basis. As another example, when referred to herein, the terms "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE", the term "remote" and / or the terms "head mounted display" or its abbreviation "HMD" may mean or include (i) a wireless transmit and / or receive unit (WTRU); (ii) any of a number of embodiments of a WTRU; (iii) a wireless-capable and / or wired-capable (e.g., tetherable) device configured with, inter alia, some or all structures and functionality of a WTRU; (iii) a wireless-capable and / or wired-capable device configured with less than all structures and functionality of a WTRU; or (iv) the like. Details of an example WTRU, which may be representative of any WTRU recited herein, are provided herein with respect to FIGs. 1 A-1D. As another example, various disclosed embodiments herein supra and infra are described as utilizing a head mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a device other than the head mounted display may be utilized and some or all of the disclosure and various disclosed embodiments can be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other device may include a drone or other device configured to stream information for providing the adapted reality experience.

[0385] In addition, the methods provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted overwired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer- readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0386] Variations of the method, apparatus and system provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. In view of the wide variety of embodiments that can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are examples only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the following claims. For instance, the embodiments provided herein include handheld devices, which may include or be utilized with any appropriate voltage source, such as a battery and the like, providing any appropriate voltage.

[0387] Moreover, in the embodiments provided above, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers, and other devices that include processors are noted. These devices may include at least one Central Processing Unit ("CPU") and memory. In accordance with the practices of persons skilled in the art of computer programming, reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations or instructions may be performed by the various CPUs and memories. Such acts and operations or instructions may be referred to as being "executed," "computer executed" or "CPU executed."

[0388] One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the acts and symbolically represented operations or instructions include the manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. An electrical system represents data bits that can cause a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical signals and the maintenance of data bits at memory locations in a memory system to thereby reconfigure or otherwise alter the CPU's operation, as well as other processing of signals. The memory locations where data bits are maintained are physical locations that have particular electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to or representative of the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned platforms or CPUs and that other platforms and CPUs may support the provided methods.

[0389] The data bits may also be maintained on a computer readable medium including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., Read-Only Memory (ROM)) mass storage system readable by the CPU. The computer readable medium may include cooperating or interconnected computer readable medium, which exist exclusively on the processing system or are distributed among multiple interconnectedprocessing systems that may be local or remote to the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned memories and that other platforms and memories may support the provided methods.

[0390] In an illustrative embodiment, any of the operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0391] There is little distinction left between hardware and software implementations of aspects of systems. The use of hardware or software is generally (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software may become significant) a design choice representing cost versus efficiency tradeoffs. There may be various vehicles by which processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein may be effected (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware), and the preferred vehicle may vary with the context in which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly hardware and / or firmware vehicle. If flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may opt for some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0392] The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the devices and / or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples may be implemented, individually and / or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In an embodiment, several portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and / or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, may be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and / or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein may be distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative embodiment of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal bearing medium include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable type medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a CD, a DVD, a digital tape, a computer memory, etc., and a transmission type medium such as a digital and / or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.).

[0393] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common within the art to describe devices and / or processes in the fashion set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and / or processes into data processing systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein may be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those having skill in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system may generally include one or more of a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, computational entities such as operating systems, drivers, graphical user interfaces, and applications programs, one or more interaction devices, such as a touch pad or screen, and / or control systems including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and / or velocity, control motors for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented utilizing any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0394] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components included within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures may be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality may be achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality may be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated may also be viewed as being "operably connected", or "operably coupled", to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated may also be viewed as being "operably couplable" to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / orphysically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.

[0395] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

[0396] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, where only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar language may be used. As an aid to understanding, the following appended claims and / or the descriptions herein may include usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim including such introduced claim recitation to embodiments including only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"). The same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A,B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B." Further, the terms "any of' followed by a listing of a plurality of items and / or a plurality of categories of items, as used herein, are intended to include "any of," "any combination of," "any multiple of," and / or "any combination of multiples of the items and / or the categories of items, individually or in conjunction with other items and / or other categories of items. Moreover, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Additionally, as used herein, the term "number" is intended to include any number, including zero. And the term "multiple", as used herein, is intended to be synonymous with "a plurality".

[0397] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0398] As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein may be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as "up to," "at least," "greater than," "less than," and the like includes the number recited and refers to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth.

[0399] Moreover, the claims should not be read as limited to the provided order or elements unless stated to that effect. In addition, use of the terms "means for" in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112, 6 or means-plus-function claim format, and any claim without the terms "means for" is not so intended.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising circuitry, including a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory, configured to: receive a first indication indicating an activation of one or more reference beam states; receive a second indication indicating an activation of one or more reference signal subconfigurations of a plurality of reference signal sub-configurations; determine one or more usable reference beam states based on the first indication and the second indication, wherein the one or more usable reference beam states are indicated as active reference beam states within one or more active reference signal sub-configurations; select at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations for reference signal transmission based on one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states; and transmit one or more reference signals in one or more resources associated with the selected at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations.

2. The WTRU of claim 1, configured to receive configuration information indicating the plurality of reference signal sub-configurations.

3. The WTRU of claim 2, wherein the configuration information indicates at least one reference signal configuration including the plurality of reference signal sub-configurations.

4. The WTRU of any of claims 2 to 3, wherein the configuration information indicates at least one reference beam state for a reference signal sub-configuration of the plurality of reference signal sub-configurations.

5. The WTRU of claim 4, wherein a reference beam state of the at least one reference beam state is associated with a downlink reference signal resource as a quasi-colocation source.

6. The WTRU of any of claims 2 to 3, wherein the configuration information indicates that a reference signal sub-configuration of the plurality of reference signal sub-configurations is associated with a network energy savings adaptation.

7. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein reference beam states of different reference signal sub-configurations are different.

8. The WTRU of claim 1, configured to perform the one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states in one or more downlink reference signal resources associated with the one or more usable reference beam states.

9. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first indication is received as part of a network energy savings indication.

10. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the second indication is received as part of any of downlink control information and a medium access control (MAC) control element.

11. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 10, wherein being configured to select at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations comprises being configured to select at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations based on a timing of resources associated with the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations.

12. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein being configured to select at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations comprises being configured to select at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations based on the one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states being above a threshold.

13. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein being configured to select at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations comprises being configured to select at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations based on the at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations comprising a resource satisfying a condition.

14. The WTRU of claim 13, wherein the condition is satisfied in a case where the resource is associated with at least one of the one or more usable reference beam states.

15. The WTRU of any of claims 13 to 14, wherein the condition is satisfied in a case where the resource begins no later than a period of time after the second indication has been received.

16. The WTRU of any of claims 13 to 15, wherein the condition is satisfied in a case where the resource occurs after a starting time indicated in a reference signal transmission request.

17. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the one or more reference beam states are one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states.

18. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 17, wherein the one or more reference signals are one or more sounding reference signals (SRS).

19. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 18, wherein the plurality of reference signal configurations and sub-configurations are a plurality of SRS configurations and SRS sub-configurations.

20. A method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), wherein the method comprises: receiving a first indication indicating an activation of one or more reference beam states; receiving a second indication indicating an activation of one or more reference signal subconfigurations of a plurality of reference signal sub-configurations; determining one or more usable reference beam states based on the first indication and the second indication, wherein the one or more usable reference beam states are indicated as active reference beam states within one or more active reference signal sub-configurations; selecting at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations for reference signal transmission based on one or more measurements associated with the one or more usable reference beam states; and transmitting one or more reference signals in one or more resources associated with the selected at least one of the one or more active reference signal sub-configurations.

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