Communication method and communication apparatus
The communication method and apparatus use line-based sensing information representation to address integration challenges in communication systems, reducing overheads and ensuring accurate sensing and communication.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/100156
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-04-08
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication systems face challenges in efficiently integrating sensing and communication functions, particularly in describing UE pose information with limited resolution, dynamic environments, and large computational and transmission overheads.
A communication method and apparatus that utilizes line-based sensing information representation, where sensing information is determined and transmitted in a pre-defined format, reducing computational complexity and transmission overheads by using coordinate values or differences between vertices to represent lines.
This approach simplifies the representation of sensing information, reducing computational and transmission overheads while ensuring accurate communication and enabling efficient integration of sensing and communication functions.
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Figure CN2024100156_16102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Communication Method and Communication Apparatus
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION (S)
[0002] The present application claims the priority of US provisional application No. 63 / 575,998, filed on April 8, 2024 and entitled “A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LINE-BASED SENSING INFORMATION INDICATION” , which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the field of communications, and in particular, to a communication method, a communication apparatus, a communication system, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product.BACKGROUND
[0004] A sensing system is proposed to help gather more information of a communication device such as pose information. The sensing information may be separated from or integrated with the communication system. Sensing information may be used to describe the object or environment sensed. In this event, a simplifier manner of the sensing information is desired.SUMMARY
[0005] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for communication including sensing.
[0006] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.
[0007] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a first apparatus, for example, a communication device, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband (baseband) chip, or a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) chip or a system in package (system in package, SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a first apparatus. In this method, sensing information of a sensing object is determined, where the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1. In this method, the sensing information is transmitted, e.g., to a second apparatus.
[0008] The foregoing method facilitates a representation of sensing information, for example, line-based sensing information can be determined and transmitted. As such, a simplified and effective way for representing the sensing information is provided by embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0009] In a possible design, the sensing information comprises M values being ordered in a pre-defined format for representing the N lines, and where M is a multiple of N.
[0010] In a possible design, the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, and the plurality of values comprise: coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, and coordinate values of a second vertex of the first line. As such, a line can be represented by coordinate values of two vertices respectively, the form is simple and both vertices can be obtained directly by the receiver side.
[0011] In a possible design, the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, and the plurality of values comprise: coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, and differences between coordinate values of a second vertex of the first line and coordinate values of the first vertex of the first line. As such, differences between coordinate values of two vertices are used, the data amount can be small since the value range of the differences can be smaller, therefore, the transmission resource can be reduced.
[0012] In a possible design, an indication of the pre-defined format is transmitted or received. As such, the pre-defined format can be used for the M values, and both of the transmitter side and the receiver side has an acknowledge of the format, therefore, a communication accuracy can be guaranteed.
[0013] In a possible design, information related to the N lines indicating at least one of the following is transmitted or received: a value of N; a maximum value for N; a coordinate system which coordinate values of a vertex are based on; a quantity of coordinate values for representing a vertex of a line; a precision of values in the sensing information; whether values in the sensing information are compressed; and / or at least one parameter for compressing. As such, information can be provided to the receiver side and the receiver side can obtain the sensing information correctly; and / or information can be obtained from a receiver side, and the sensing information can be arranged based on the information, and accordingly the sensing information can be received by the receiver side correctly. Therefore, a communication accuracy can be guaranteed.
[0014] In a possible design, the precision is indicated by a number of bits for representing a value in the sensing information. As such, the bit number can be known by both sides, and the sensing information can be interpreted by both sides in the same manner.
[0015] In a possible design, the sensing information comprises a value of N. As such, the receiver side can obtain the line number directly and the operations at the receiver side can be simplified.
[0016] In a possible design, the sensing information is determined based on capability information comprising at least one of: first capability information of a first device, and / or second capability information of a second device. For example, the capability information indicates at least one of: whether a line-based sensing is supported, a maximum value for N that can be supported, and / or whether a compression for the line-based sensing is supported. As such, capability information is considered while generating the sensing information, thus the determined line-based sensing information can be supported by both sides.
[0017] In a possible design, first capability information indicating a capability of the first device can be transmitted. In a possible design, second capability information indicating a capability of the second device can be received.
[0018] In a possible design, a notification indicating at least one of the following can be transmitted or received: whether a line-based sensing is enabled, and / or whether a real-time sensing is enabled. As such, the line-based sensing and / or real-time sensing can be enabled or disabled according an actual scenario, thus a variety of application scenarios can be supported.
[0019] According to a second aspect, a method may be applied to a second apparatus, for example, a communication device, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband (baseband) chip, or a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) chip or a system in package (system in package, SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a second apparatus. In the method, sensing information of a sensing object is received, where the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1. In this method, the sensing target is determined based on the sensing information.
[0020] In a possible design, the sensing information comprises M values being ordered in a pre-defined format for representing the N lines, and M is a multiple of N.
[0021] In a possible design, the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, and the plurality of values comprise: coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, and coordinate values of a second vertex of the first line.
[0022] In a possible design, the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, and the plurality of values comprise: coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, and differences between coordinate values of a second vertex of the first line and coordinate values of the first vertex of the first line.
[0023] In a possible design, the second apparatus further transmits or receives, an indication of the pre-defined format.
[0024] In a possible design, the second apparatus further transmits or receives, information related to the N lines indicating at least one of: a value of N, a maximum value for N, a coordinate system which coordinate values of a vertex are based on; a quantity of coordinate values for representing a vertex of a line; a precision of values in the sensing information; whether values in the sensing information are compressed; and at least one parameter for compressing.
[0025] In a possible design, the precision is indicated by a number of bits for representing a value in the sensing information.
[0026] In a possible design, the sensing information comprises a value of N.
[0027] In a possible design, the sensing information is determined based on capability information comprising at least one of: first capability information of a first device, and second capability information of a second device.
[0028] In a possible design, the second apparatus further receives, first capability information indicating a capability of the first device.
[0029] In a possible design, the second apparatus further transmits second capability information indicating a capability of the second device.
[0030] In a possible design, the capability information indicates at least one of: whether a line-based sensing is supported, a maximum value for N that can be supported, and whether a compression for the line-based sensing is supported.
[0031] In a possible design, the second apparatus further transmits or receives, a notification indicating at least one of: whether a line-based sensing is enabled, and whether a real-time sensing is enabled.
[0032] In a possible design, the second apparatus further merges the sensing information and another sensing information; and / or assists a communication using the sensing information. The foregoing method facilitates an accurate sensing or an effective communication by using the line-based sensing information.
[0033] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0034] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0035] According to a fifth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0036] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0037] According to a sixth aspect, yet another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0038] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0039] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes a first apparatus for implementing the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect. The communication system includes a second apparatus for implementing the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0040] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0041] According to a ninth aspect, a computer program product is described. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0042] It is to be noted that the technical effects of the first aspect of the embodiments of the first aspect are also applied for each of the second aspect to the ninth aspect, thus the technical effects for the second to ninth aspects will not be redundantly described herein.
[0043] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0044] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0045] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0046] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0047] FIG. 3A illustrates another example of an ED and a base station in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0048] FIG. 3B illustrates an example block schematic of an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0049] FIG. 4 illustrates an example block schematic of units or modules in a device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of SMF in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0051] FIG. 6 illustrates example schematics of point cloud representation and mesh representation;
[0052] FIG. 7 illustrates a signalling process in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0053] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a line-based representation for a sensing object in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0054] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a line-based representation for a sensing environment in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0055] FIG. 10 illustrates an example process of two devices in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0056] FIG. 11 illustrates another example process of two devices in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0057] FIG. 12 illustrates an example comparison of mesh representation and line-based representation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0058] FIG. 13 illustrates an example schematic of a sharing vertex for mesh representation;
[0059] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0060] FIG. 15 illustrates another flowchart of a communication method in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0061] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure of an apparatus in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0062] FIG. 17 illustrates another schematic diagram of a structure of an apparatus in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0063] FIG. 18 illustrates a block diagram of a device that may be used for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0064] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0065] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0066] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0067] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment” , “an embodiment” , “an example embodiment” , and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0068] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0069] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0070] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0071] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0072] Embodiments of the present disclosure may relate to a communication device, which may include a terminal device, a network device, an electronic device, etc.
[0073] The term “terminal device” refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also be incorporated one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0074] The term “network device” refers to an access network device (or network node) or a core network device (CN entity or CN function) . For example, it may be a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a satellite, an unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platform, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , an access point (AP) , and the like.
[0075] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to communication protocols of any generation either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of these communication protocols include, but are not limited to, cellular protocols including the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G, 2.5G, 2.75G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G, sometimes known as “LTE” , 4.5G, sometimes known as “LTE Advanced” and “LTE Advanced Pro” ) , the fifth generation (5G, sometimes known as “NR” , 5.5G, 5G-Advanced) , and future generation, as well as various generations of Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) , and Ultra Wideband (UWB) .
[0076] User Equipment (UE) position information is often used in cellular communication networks to improve various performance metrics for the network. Such performance metrics may, for example, include capacity, agility, and efficiency. The improvement may be achieved when elements of the network exploit the position, the behavior, the mobility pattern, etc., of the UE in the context of a priori information describing a wireless environment in which the UE is operating.
[0077] A sensing system may be used to help gather UE pose information, including its location in a global coordinate system, its velocity and direction of movement in the global coordinate system, orientation information, and the information about the wireless environment. “Location” is also known as “position” and these two terms may be used interchangeably herein. Examples of well-known sensing systems include RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) and LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) . While the sensing system can be separate from the communication system, it could be advantageous to gather the information using an integrated system, which reduces the hardware (and cost) in the system as well as the time, frequency, or spatial resources needed to achieve both functionalities. However, using the communication system hardware to perform sensing of UE pose and environment information is a highly challenging and open problem. The difficulty of the problem relates to factors such as the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamicity of the environment, and the huge number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and position are to be estimated.
[0078] Accordingly, integrated sensing and communication (also known as integrated communication and sensing, joint sensing and communication, and other similar names) is a desirable feature in existing and future communication systems.
[0079] In some scenarios of integrated sensing and communication, a device (or sensor, or UE) may sense the environment, and then perform a corresponding task based on the sensing results. The task can be object detection, object tracking, obstacle avoidance, and so on. In some other scenarios of integrated sensing and communication, the device may perform environment reconstruction based on the sensing results, and then use the reconstructed environment to further assist in communications. The device may also report the sensing results (the detected object, or the reconstructed environment) to a central node (or sensor, or base station) for further processing. For example, because each device may sense / observe a same environment from different angles, the central node may fuse the sensing results of a plurality of devices into a complete / large environment map. The fused environment map can be used to perform tasks / applications such as environment reconstruction or digital twin. Furthermore, the central node may also send the fused environment map to another device to assist its communication tasks such as beamforming / beam tracking, MIMO parameter estimation, etc. By sensing fusion, the reconstructed environment is more complete and refined, which helps to obtain better task execution results.
[0080] In the above scenarios, the exchanged sensing information, i.e. the detected object or sensed environment, needs to be described in a certain way. A very fine-grained description is good, but also causes relatively large computation overhead and large transmission overhead. Considering scenarios such as object detection, object tracking, obstacle avoidance and environment reconstruction to assist communication, a rough and general description for sensing information can meet the requirements of most tasks. Therefore, how to describe the object and environment in a simplified manner can be considered.
[0081] In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a communication method in which line-based sensing information is determined and transmitted. In the solution, the sensing information indicates one or more than one lines for representing a sensing target, which may be a sensing object and / or environment. Line-based representation can be considered to be a good indication manner of sensing information, which can describe the object and environment in a simplified and effective way. Based on such simplified representation, the computational complexity and power consumption at device can be reduced, and transmission overheads for sensing information exchange can also be greatly reduced.
[0082] For illustrative purposes, principles and example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1-17. However, it is to be noted that these embodiments are given to enable the person skilled in the art to understand inventive concepts of the present disclosure and implement the solution as provided herein, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way to explicitly illustrated structures and combinations of features.
[0083] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a future generation radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electronic devices (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system 100 and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0084] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, between its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc. ) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in what may be considered a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. Compared to conventional communication networks, the heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.
[0085] The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , radio access networks (RANs) 120a, 120b, a non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a, 120b include respective base stations (BSs) 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes an access node 172, which may be generically referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0086] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any T-TRP 170a, 170b and NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with T-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0087] An air interface (e.g., 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as ED and base station. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (e.g., data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , space division multiple access (SDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA, also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDMA, DFT-s-OFDMA) in the air interfaces 190a and 190b. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other higher dimension signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.
[0088] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the ED 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0089] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0090] FIG. 3A illustrates another example 300 of an ED 110 and a base station 170a, 170b and / or 170c. The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cells. A cell may be a Radio network object that can be uniquely identified from a (cell) identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A Cell can be either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may also refer to the carrier frequencies within the DL / UL carrier bandwidth resources of a single standalone carrier or a component carrier in a carrier aggregation mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some implementations, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some implementations, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is exemplary only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0091] Any base station may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or may be included in a same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may also have different names, but a person skilled in the art may understand meanings thereof. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may also be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may also be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may also be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented by using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0092] Further, communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses in various embodiments of this application may refer to direct communication between different devices / apparatuses (that is, no forwarding is required by another device / apparatuses) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, forwarding is required by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, it may refer to that a functional unit inside the device / apparatus uses another functional unit in the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this application may be understood as that a destination endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station. It may include sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as that a source endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station, and may include directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Necessary processing such as format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. Similar descriptions in this application may be understood similarly. Details are not described herein again. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application.
[0093] The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0094] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0095] The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 3A, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0096] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0097] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processing unit (s) (e.g., a processor 210) . Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0098] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the Internet 150 in FIG. 1) . The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, etc.
[0099] The ED 110 includes the processor 210 for performing operations including those operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170; those operations related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170; and those operations related to processing sidelink transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the NT-TRP 172 and / or by the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or from the T-TRP 170.
[0100] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0101] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in the memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or a hardware accelerator such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) or an artificial intelligence (AI) accelerator.
[0102] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a base band unit (BBU) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be a macro BS, a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forgoing devices or refer to apparatus (e.g. a communication module, a modem, or a chip) in the forgoing devices.
[0103] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0104] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to the NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy the NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Signaling may be transmitted in a physical layer control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , in which case the signaling may be known as dynamic signaling. Signaling transmitted in a downlink physical layer control channel may be known as Downlink Control Information (DCI) . Siganling transmitted in an uplink physical layer control channel may be known as Uplink Control Information (UCI) . Signaling transmitted in a sidelink physical layer control channel may be known as Sidelink Control Information (SCI) . Signaling may be included in a higher-layer (e.g., higher than physical layer) packet transmitted in a physical layer data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in which case the signaling may be known as higher-layer signaling, static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher-layer signaling may also refer to Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol signaling or Media Access Control –Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling.
[0105] The scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170. The scheduler 253 may schedule uplink, downlink, sidelink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (e.g., “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0106] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0107] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in the memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a hardware accelerator (e.g., a GPU or AI accelerator) , or an ASIC.
[0108] Although the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form, such as satellites and high altitude platforms, including international mobile telecommunication base stations and unmanned aerial vehicles, for example. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0109] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or part of the receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0110] The processor 276, the processing components of the transmitter 272, and the processing components of the receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in the memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276, the processing components of the transmitter 272, and the processing components of the receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a hardware accelerator (e.g., a GPU or AI accelerator) , or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0111] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0112] FIG. 3B illustrates an example block schematic of an apparatus 310 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as ED 110 or TRPs 170a-170b, 172. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may comprise one or more integrated circuits or comprise one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may be a module in ED 110. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may be a module in one of TRPs 170a-170b, 172.
[0113] In an example, the apparatus 310 may include one or more processors / processor cores 311, and an interface circuit 312. The apparatus 310 may further include a memory 313. The one or more processors / processor cores 311 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 313 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors (or processor cores) 311 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 313 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the foregoing method embodiments. In some implementations, the memory 313 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 313 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors / processor cores 311. In some implementations, the memory 313 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 313 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors / processor cores 311. Thus, the memory 313 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors (or processor cores) 311 to perform related operations in the foregoing method embodiments. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 312 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 312 may communicate a signal with other apparatus / system such as a radio frequency processing apparatus, or processor system. Optionally, to reduce a load of the processor core, a baseband signal processing circuit 314 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0114] Apparatus 310 may be processor 210 (or 260 or 276) in ED 110 (or T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172) , in some scenario, or included in processor 210 (or 260 or 276) in ED 110 (or T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172) in some scenario. apparatus 310 may be or include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the ED 110 (or T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 310 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, a SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further included in the ED 110 (or T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172) .
[0115] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates an example block schematic 400 of units or modules in a device, such as in the ED 110, in the T-TRP 170, or in the NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted or output by a transmitting unit or by a transmitting module. A signal may be received or input by a receiving unit or by a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be a circuit such as an integrated circuit. Examples of an integrated circuit includes a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be logical such as a logical function performed by a circuit, by a portion of an integrated circuit, or by software instructions executed by a processor. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, the modules may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0116] While not shown, the transmitting module and the receiving module may be part of, or combined into, a transceiver module. A transceiver module may also be known as an interface module, or simply an interface, for inputting and outputting operations.
[0117] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, the T-TRP 170, and the NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0118] As mentioned above, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a desirable feature in existing and future communication systems, and it is desirable to provide improved sensing for practical implementations of integrated sensing.
[0119] Referring back to FIG. 2, any or all of the EDs 110 and BS 170 may be sensing nodes in the system 100. Sensing nodes are network entities that perform sensing by transmitting and receiving sensing signals. Some sensing nodes are communication equipment that perform both communications and sensing. However, it is possible that some sensing nodes do not perform communications, and are instead dedicated to sensing. FIG. 2 also illustrates a sensing agent 174, which is an example of a sensing node that is dedicated to sensing. Unlike the EDs 110 and BS 170, the sensing agent 174 does not transmit or receive communication signals. However, the sensing agent 174 may communicate configuration information, sensing information, signaling information, or other information within the communication system 100. The sensing agent 174 may be in communication with the core network 130 to communicate information with the rest of the communication system 100. By way of example, the sensing agent 174 may determine the location of the ED 110a, and transmit this information to the base station 170a via the core network 130. Although only one sensing agent 174 is shown in the figure, any number of sensing agents may be implemented in the communication system 100. In some embodiments, one or more sensing agents may be implemented at one or more of the RANs 120.
[0120] A sensing node may combine sensing-based techniques with reference signal-based techniques to enhance UE pose determination. This type of sensing node may also be known as a sensing management function (SMF) . In some networks, the SMF may also be known as a location management function (LMF) . The SMF may be implemented as a physically independent entity located at the core network 130 with connection to the multiple BSs 170. In other aspects of the present application, the SMF may be implemented as a logical entity co-located inside a BS 170 through logic carried out by the processor 260.
[0121] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of SMF 176. As shown in FIG. 5, the SMF 176, when implemented as a physically independent entity, includes at least one processor 290, at least one transmitter 282, at least one receiver 284, one or more antennas 286, and at least one memory 288. A transceiver, not shown, may be used instead of the transmitter 282 and receiver 284. A scheduler 283 may be coupled to the processor 290. The scheduler 283 may be included within or operated separately from the SMF 176. The processor 290 implements various processing operations of the SMF 176, such as signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, or any other functionality. The processor 290 can also be configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described in more detail above. Each processor 290 includes any suitable processing or computing device configured to perform one or more operations. Each processor 290 could, for example, include a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array, or application specific integrated circuit.
[0122] A reference signal-based pose determination technique belongs to an “active” pose estimation paradigm. In an active pose estimation paradigm, the enquirer of pose information (i.e., the UE) takes part in process of determining the pose of the enquirer. The enquirer may transmit or receive (or both) a signal specific to pose determination process. Positioning techniques based on a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) such as Global Positioning System (GPS) are other examples of the active pose estimation paradigm.
[0123] In contrast, a sensing technique, based on radar for example, may be considered as belonging to a “passive” pose determination paradigm. In a passive pose determination paradigm, the target is oblivious to the pose determination process.
[0124] By integrating sensing and communications in one system, the system need not operate according to only a single paradigm. Thus, the combination of sensing-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques can yield enhanced pose determination.
[0125] In some embodiments of integrated sensing and communication, a same radio access technology (RAT) is used for sensing and communication. This avoids the need to multiplex two different RATs under one carrier spectrum, or necessitating two different carrier spectrums for the two different RATs.
[0126] In embodiments that integrate sensing and communication under one RAT, a first set of channels may be used to transmit a sensing signal, and a second set of channels may be used to transmit a communications signal. In some embodiments, each channel in the first set of channels and each channel in the second set of channels is a logical channel, a transport channel, or a physical channel.
[0127] At the physical layer, communication and sensing may be performed via separate physical channels. For example, a first physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-C is defined for data communication, while a second physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-Sis defined for sensing. Similarly, separate physical uplink shared channels (PUSCH) , PUSCH-C and PUSCH-S, could be defined for uplink communication and sensing.
[0128] In another example, the same PDSCH and PUSCH could be also used for both communication and sensing, with separate logical layer channels and / or transport layer channels defined for communication and sensing. Note also that control channel (s) and data channel (s) for sensing can have the same or different channel structure (format) , occupy same or different frequency bands or bandwidth parts.
[0129] In a further example, a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a common physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) is used to carry control information for both sensing and communication. Alternatively, separate physical layer control channels may be used to carry separate control information for communication and sensing. For example, PUCCH-Sand PUCCH-C could be used for uplink control for sensing and communication respectively, and PDCCH-Sand PDCCH-C for downlink control for sensing and communication respectively.
[0130] Different combinations of shared and dedicated channels for sensing and communication, at each of the physical, transport, and logical layers, are possible.
[0131] The term RADAR originates from the phrase Radio Detection and Ranging; however, expressions with different forms of capitalization (i.e., Radar and radar) are equally valid and now more common. Radar is typically used for detecting a presence and a location of an object. A radar system radiates radio frequency energy and receives echoes of the energy reflected from one or more targets. The system determines the pose of a given target based on the echoes returned from the given target. The radiated energy can be in the form of an energy pulse or a continuous wave, which can be expressed or defined by a particular waveform. Examples of waveforms used in radar include frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) and ultra-wideband (UWB) waveforms.
[0132] Radar systems can be monostatic, bi-static, or multi-static. In a monostatic radar system, the radar signal transmitter and receiver are co-located, such as being integrated in a transceiver. In a bi-static radar system, the transmitter and receiver are spatially separated, and the distance of separation is comparable to, or larger than, the expected target distance (often referred to as the range) . In a multi-static radar system, two or more radar components are spatially diverse but with a shared area of coverage. A multi-static radar is also referred to as a multisite or netted radar.
[0133] Properties of a sensing signal, or a signal used for both sensing and communication, include the waveform of the signal and the frame structure of the signal. The frame structure defines the time-domain boundaries of the signal. The waveform describes the shape of the signal as a function of time and frequency. Examples of waveforms that can be used for a sensing signal include ultra-wide band (UWB) pulse, Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) or “chirp” , orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) , cyclic prefix (CP) -OFDM, and Discrete Fourier Transform spread (DFT-s) -OFDM.
[0134] For sensing task / application, a device may sense the environment, and then perform a corresponding task based on the sensing results (e.g. the detected object, or the reconstructed environment, etc. ) . The sensing results can be sent to another device for further processing. Therefore, the exchanged sensing information needs to be described in a certain way.
[0135] The detected object can be represented as a point position in the space, with a coordinate (x, y, z) . Although such position-based representation is simple and has low transmission overheads, it cannot well describe the detected object or the environment information. For example, the contour information of the object or environment cannot be described.
[0136] The detected object or reconstructed environment can also be represented by point cloud or mesh. For example, in FIG. 6, (a) illustrates example schematics 600 of point cloud representation and (b) illustrates example schematics 600 of mesh representation for two buildings.
[0137] A point cloud is a discrete set of data points in space. Each point position has a coordinate (x, y, z) .
[0138] Mesh is a collection of vertices, edges and faces that defines the shape of an object. The faces usually comprise triangles (triangle mesh) , quadrilaterals (quads) , or other convex polygons. The mesh may also be referred to as a polygon, or a polygon mesh.
[0139] For both point cloud and mesh representation, they can provide detailed description of the object or environment. However, because they both represent the object based on points / vertices, the amount of bits for representation is relatively large, which brings large communication overhead in sensing fusion, sensing report, or other scenarios for sensing information exchange. For example, suppose 16 bit precision for the coordinate (x, y, z) of each point / vertex, the total bits for 100 points / vertices will be 100 *3 *16 =4800 bits. Mesh representation will need additional bits for edge representations, i.e. the relationship between vertices.
[0140] To describe the detected object or reconstructed environment, a very fine-grained description is good, but also causes relatively large computation overhead and large transmission overhead. Considering for these scenarios, or similar scenarios, a rough and general description can meet the requirements of most tasks. In this case, line-based representation can be used to represent the sensing information, which can describe the object and environment in a simplified and effective way.
[0141] FIG. 7 illustrates a signalling process 700 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes, the process 700 will be described with respect to a first apparatus 701 and a second apparatus 702.
[0142] In the process 700, the first apparatus 701 and the second apparatus 702 may belong to a same communication device or different communication devices. In some implementations, the first apparatus 701 may be a chip in a communication device and the second apparatus 702 may be a radio frequency apparatus in the same communication device. In some implementations, the first apparatus 701 may be a first communication device and the second apparatus 702 may be a second communication device. In some implementations, the first apparatus 701 may be a part of a first communication device and the second apparatus 702 may be a part of a second communication device. In some examples, the first and second communication devices may communicate with each other via a communication link or channel. In some examples, the first and second communication devices may have a same device type or may be with different device types. For example, any one of the first or second communication device may be an ED 110, a T-TRP 170, an NT-TRP 172, an SMF 176, or the like, as discussed above. It is to be noted that the first communication device and / or the second communication device may be implemented as any device type, and the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect. For ease of description, the first communication device may be called as a first device and the second communication device may be called as a second device in the following description.
[0143] In the signalling process 700, the first apparatus 701 determines sensing information of a sensing target at 710. For example, a sensing target, which may be associated with a sensing task, such as a sensing object or a reconstructed environment, may be sensed to determine or generate the sensing information.
[0144] In some examples, there may be one or more than one object around the first apparatus 701, such as persons, cars, buildings, or some other objects or machines. In some examples, the one or more than one object may be static or may be moving, and the one or more than one object may affect a communication of the first apparatus 701 or another apparatus 702. In this case, obtaining detailed information (such as location, size, moving direction, moving velocity, etc. ) of the one or more than one object may be advantageous. Sensing operation may be used for determining sensing information, and accordingly the sensing information may be used to derive the detailed information. In the present disclosure, the one or more than one object may be referred to as a sensing object, for ease of description.
[0145] For example, one or more sensing signals may be used for determining or generating the sensing information. In the present disclosure, the sensing information may indicate N lines, where N is an integer, e.g. N≥1.
[0146] In the present disclosure, the term “line” may be used interchangeably with any one of: edge, line segment, line section, etc. The sensing information in the present disclosure may be referred to as line-based sensing information, line-segment-based sensing information, or the like. That is, line-based representation, or line-segment-based representation may be used for the sensing information in the present disclosure.
[0147] Refer to FIGS. 8-9, two examples of sensing tasks are shown. FIG. 8 illustrates an example 800 of sensing for an object detection, and FIG. 9 illustrates an example 900 of sensing for an environment reconstruction. As illustrated, in object detection in FIG. 8, the detected object 810 can be sensed, and line-based representation 820 can be used. As illustrated, in environment reconstruction in FIG. 9, the UE is sensing the environment 910. And due to the limited sensing distance and range, it can only reconstruct part of the environment information 920. To roughly describe the detected object and reconstructed environment, line-based representation, or line-segment-based representation, can be used. Based on this representation, the sensing information becomes simplified representations at 820 and 920, respectively. Although the representation is simple, the general outline of the detected object can still be obtained, which is sufficient for many sensing tasks or related applications.
[0148] Line segment is the base element of line-based representation. And line-based representation uses a set of line segments to represent the sensing information, such as detected object, reconstructed environment, etc. For example, as shown at 820 in FIG. 8, there are four line segments to represent the vehicle. Based on line-based representation, the computational complexity and power consumption at device can be reduced, and transmission overheads for sensing information exchange can also be greatly reduced.
[0149] In some implementations, the sensing information may include M values for indicating the N lines. In some examples, M is a multiple of N. For example, if p values are used for representing each line, then M=p*N. For example, p=4 or p=6, accordingly, M=4*N or M=6*N. In some implementations, the M values may be ordered in a pre-defined format for representing the N lines.
[0150] In some embodiments, a plurality of values (such as p values, where p is an integer) can be used for representing a line. In some examples, the p values may include coordinate values of a first vertex of the line, and coordinate values of a second vertex of the line, which may be regarded as option 1 discussed below. In some examples, the p values may include coordinate values of a first vertex of the line, and differences between coordinate values of a second vertex of the line and coordinate values of the first vertex of the line, which may be regarded as option 2 discussed below.
[0151] In some examples, in line-based representation or line-segment-based representation for sensing information, the base element of line-based representation is line segment (e.g., denoted as L) . There are several representations of line-segment. For example, option 1 line segment or option 2 line segment may be used.
[0152] Option 1: Each line segment L can be represented by two vertices (v1, v2) . vi includes a 2D coordinate (xi, yi) , or a 3D coordinate (xi, yi, zi) , and so on, i = 1, 2. This means that the line segment can be a 2D line segment, or a 3D one. Line segment L can be represented by (x1, y1, x2, y2) or (x1, x2, y1, y2) for 2D case, or (x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2) or (x1, x2, y1, y2, z1, z2) for 3D case. For example, for line segment indexed by (1) in FIG. 8, if it’s a 3D line segment and the coordinates of its two vertices are (2.56, 3.32, 16.2) , and (5.79, 12.6, 15.7) , then line segment (1) can be represented by (2.56, 3.32, 16.2, 5.79, 12.6, 15.7) or (2.56, 5.79, 3.32, 12.6, 16.2, 15.7) . Similarly for 2D line segment.
[0153] Option 2: Each line segment L can be represented by one vertex v and one direction vector n: (v, n) . v includes a 2D coordinate (x, y) , or a 3D coordinate (x, y, z) . n is a 2D vector (a, b) , or a 3D vector (a, b, c) . Then line segment L can be represented by (x, y, a, b) or (x, a, y, b) for 2D case, or (x, y, z, a, b, c) or (x, a, y, b, z, c) for 3D case. With v+n, we can find the other vertex (x+a, y+b, z+c) of this line segment. Take the case in option 1 for example, one of the vertices of the line segment (1) is (2.56, 3.32, 16.2) , and the direction vector is (3.23, 9.28, -0.5) , then line segment (1) can be represented by (2.56, 3.32, 16.2, 3.23, 9.28, -0.5) or (2.56, 3.23, 3.32, 9.28, 15.7, -0.5) . Similarly for 2D line segment. Then to get the other vertex of line segment (1) , (2.56, 3.32, 16.2) + (3.23, 9.28, -0.5) can be used to get (5.79, 12.6, 15.7) for the other vertex of the line segment L.
[0154] The advantage of option 1 is that both vertices of line segments can be obtained directly, no additional calculation is needed. The advantage of option 2 is that usually the value range of direction vectors are smaller than that of vertices, which will be good for compression if compression of line segments is enabled. As such, the overhead for option 2 can be reduced.
[0155] For both option 1 and option 2, the coordinates of vertices can be global coordinates (geography coordinate system, the coordinate system of a cell, etc. ) or local coordinates (the coordinate system of the device, the coordinate system referring to a reference point, the coordinate system defined by a plane, etc. )
[0156] In some embodiments, for any line such as L, p values may be used for representing the line N, e.g., (1-st value, 2-nd value, …, i-th value, …p-th value) , with 1≤i≤p. In some examples, the meaning of the p values may be based on option 1 or option 2 above. In some examples, the order of the p values may be predefined. Take option 1 as an example, the order may be coordinates for a first vertex followed by coordinates for a second vertex. Take option 1 as an example, the order may be first coordinates for the first and second vertices followed by second coordinates for the first and second vertices. It is understood that the order of p values for a line N is not limited in the present disclosure.
[0157] In some implementations, the sensing information includes M values which are ordered in a pre-defined format. In some implementations, the pre-defined format may indicate: N groups of values, each group of values includes p values for representing a line. For example, the pre-defined format may indicate an order that the (j-1) -th group followed by the j-th group. For example, the j-th group among the N groups may include p values for line Lj.
[0158] In some other implementations, the pre-defined format may indicate p groups of values, where the j-th group of values includes N values which are the j-th values for respective lines. For example, the pre-defined format may indicate an order that the (j-1) -th group followed by the j-th group. For example, the j-th group among the p groups may include N values which are the j-th value (e.g., in the p values) for respective line.
[0159] In some other implementations, there are 2*N vertices for N lines. The pre-defined format may indicate p / 2 groups of values, where the j-th group of values includes 2*N values which are the j-th values for respective vertices. For example, the pre-defined format may indicate an order that the (j-1) -th group followed by the j-th group. For example, the j-th group among the p / 2 groups may include 2*N values which are the j-th coordinate for respective vertices.
[0160] Based on the description of line segments (option 1 and / or option 2 above) , the sensing information, such as detected object, reconstructed environment, etc., can be represented by {L1, L2, …LN} , or a reorganized format (shown below) . N is the number of line segments, and Lj is the j-th line segment described previously, 1 ≤ j≤ N. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, there are four line segments to represent the vehicle 810.
[0161] In some examples, if option 1 is used, line segment Lj may be represented as (xj1, yj1, zj1, xj2, yj2, zj2) or (xj1, xj2, yj1, yj2, zj1, zj2) , where (xj1, yj1, zj1) are coordinate values of a vertex and (xj2, yj2, zj2) are coordinate values of another vertex of the line segment Lj.
[0162] In some examples, if option 2is used, line segment Lj may be represented as (xj1, yj1, zj1, aj, bj, cj) or (xj1, aj, yj1, bj, zj1, cj) , where (xj1, yj1, zj1) are coordinate values of a vertex and (aj, bj, cj) represents a direction vector from the vertex to another vertex of the line segment Lj.
[0163] In some embodiments, if option 1 line segment is used, detailed information for {L1, L2, …LN} can be but not limited to:
[0164] {x11, y11, z11, x12, y12, z12, x21, y21, z21, x22, y22, z22, …, xN1, yN1, zN1, xN2, yN2, zN2} (fill each Lj based on the descriptions previously) , or
[0165] {x11, x12, y11, y12, z11, z12, x21, x22, y21, y22, z21, z22, …, xN1, xN2, yN1, yN2, zN1, zN2} (fill each Lj based on the descriptions previously) , or
[0166] {x11, x12, x21, x22, …, xN1, xN2, …, y11, y12, …, yN1, yN2, z11, z12, …, zN1, zN2} (reorganize: put all the x-values together, all the y-values together, all the z-values together) , or
[0167] {x11, x21, …, xN1, x12, x22, …, xN2, y11, …, yN1, y12, …, yN2, z11, …, zN1, z12, …, zN2} (reorganize: put all the x1-values together, all the x2-values together, all the y1-values together, all the y2-values together …) , where (xj1, yj1, zj1) and (xj2, yj2, zj2) are the vertices of j-th line segment Lj, 1 ≤ j≤ N.
[0168] In some embodiments, if option 2 line segment is used, detailed information for {L1, L2, …LN} can be but not limited to:
[0169] {x1, y1, z1, a1, b1, c1, x2, y2, z2, a2, b2, c2, …, xN, yN, zN, aN, bN, cN} (fill each Lj based on the descriptions previously) , or
[0170] {x1, a1, y1, b1, z1, c1, x2, a2, y2, b2, z2, c2, …, xN, aN, yN, bN, zN, cN } (fill each Lj based on the descriptions previously) , or
[0171] {x1, a1, x2, a2, …, xN, aN, …, y1, b1, …, yN, bN, z1, c1, …, zN, cN} (reorganize: put all the x-values and x-direction values together, all the y-values and y-direction values together, all the z-values and z-direction values together) , or
[0172] {x1, x2, …, xN, y1, …, yN, z1, …, zN, a1, …, aN, b1, …, bN, c1, …, cN } (reorganize: put all the x-values together, all the y-values together, all the z-values together, all the x-direction values together, all the y-direction values together, all the z-direction values together …) ,
[0173] where (xj1= xj, yj1= yj, zj1= zj) and (xj2= xj1+ aj, yj2= yj1+ bj, zj2= zj1+ cj) are the vertices of j-th line segment Lj, 1 ≤ j≤ N.
[0174] Note that the advantage of put all the x-values together, or all the y-values together, or all the x-direction values together, or all the z-direction values together, and so on, is that, by putting numbers with similar attributes together, the compression performance will be better if compression for the line-based sensing information is enabled (e.g. quantization and entropy coding) .
[0175] In some embodiments, a compression operation on the M values may be performed. As such, the data amount in the sensing information can be reduced, and the overhead can be saved.
[0176] Referring back to FIG. 7, the first apparatus 701 transmits, and the second apparatus 702 receives, the sensing information at 720. In some implementations, a message or signalling which is used for transmitting the sensing information may depend on types of the first and second apparatus 701 and 702, communication scenario between the first and second apparatus 701 and 702, link condition between the first and second apparatus 701 and 702, and the like, the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect.
[0177] In some implementations, some further information may be transmitted from the first apparatus 701 to the second apparatus 701, where the further information is associated with the sensing information. For example, the further information may be transmitted together with the sensing information or may be transmitted in a separated manner.
[0178] In some embodiments, the further information may indicate that the sensing information is line-based, e.g., a model for the sensing information. In some embodiments, the further information may indicate at least one of: a total number of lines (such as a value of N) , a total number of values (such as M) , or a number of coordinates for representing a line (such as p, which is a quantity of coordinate values for representing a line) . In some embodiments, the further information may indicate a coordinate system, based on which the M values are used (or the coordinates of a line / vertex are used) . In some embodiments, the further information may indicate a precision for at least a prat of the M values. In some embodiments, the further information may indicate whether option 1 or option 2 is used. In some embodiments, the further information may indicate the pre-defined format of the M values. In some embodiments, the further information may indicate whether a compression operation is used. In some embodiments, the further information may indicate compression parameter (s) if the compression operation is used.
[0179] It should be noted that although some examples are listed here for the further information, some or all of the further information may be included or be omitted. For example, some of them may be pre-defined and there is no need to be transmitted redundantly, as such, the transmission resources can be saved.
[0180] From the perspective of the second apparatus 702, the second apparatus 702 may determine the sensing target based on the sensing information at 730.
[0181] In some implementations, the second apparatus 702 may construct the sensing target (such as the sensing object or the sensing environment) based on the sensing information. In some examples, sensing information from more than one apparatus may be used. For example, the second apparatus 702 may further receive further sensing information from a further apparatus, and the second apparatus 702 may merge the sensing information (received at 720) and the further sensing information. In some examples, the merged information may be used for constructing the sensing target.
[0182] In some implementations, the sensing information may be used for assisting a communication of the second apparatus 702. For example, the second apparatus 702 may be moving, and the sensing information may be used for avoiding crashing. For example, the second apparatus 702 may be in communication with another apparatus (such as the sensing object or a different device) , and the sensing information may be used for improving a communication efficiency.
[0183] It is to be appreciated that although the sensing information is provided from the first apparatus 701 to the second apparatus 702 in FIG. 7, in some scenarios, another sensing information may be provided from the second apparatus 702 to the first apparatus 701.
[0184] In some examples, the first apparatus 701 may be unable to sense all objects in the environment, for example, at least a part of an object may be blocked by another object and the first apparatus 701 cannot obtain detailed information of the blocked object. In this case, the sensing information determined by the first apparatus 701 may be not enough for a sensing task, and another sensing information from the second apparatus 702 may be helpful for constructing an accurate environment. For example, the sensing information determined by the first apparatus 701 and another sensing information determined by the second apparatus 702 may be combined. In some instances, there may be two or multiple apparatuses in a specific area (such as a room) , and two or multiple pieces of sensing information determined by the two or multiple apparatuses may be exchanged, e.g., the first apparatus 701 in the multiple apparatuses may obtain all sensing information. And accordingly the environment (e.g., the specific area, such as the room) can be constructed more accurately.
[0185] As a specific example, the first apparatus 701 may be implemented as a first device 1001, and the second apparatus 702 may be implemented as a second device 1002. FIG. 10 illustrates an example process 1000 for line-based sensing information indication. The example process 1000 is a related procedure for sensing information transfer between the first device 1001 and the second device 1002. As shown at 1010 in FIG. 10, to exchange the sensing information, the first device 1001 can send the line-based sensing information to the second device 1002, and / or receive the line-based sensing information from the second device 1002.
[0186] The first device 1001 can send the line-based sensing information {L1, L2, …LN} to the second device 1002, or receive the line-based sensing information from the second device 1002, and the content and format is described previously. Optionally, the number of line segments N can also be included. Note that if the number of line segments is fixed or configured / indicated previously before the sensing information indication, N needed not be transmitted together with {L1, L2, …LN} .
[0187] In some implementations, for enabling a transmission of the line-based sensing information between the first apparatus 701 and the second apparatus 702, some further interaction therebetween may be performed. In some examples, the further interaction may be related to some or all of: capability information, configuration information, parameters information, or some other indication information. Details of which will be provided below with reference to FIG. 11.
[0188] FIG. 11 illustrates an example process 1100 of two devices in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The example process 1100 is a related procedure for line-based sensing information indication between the first device 1001 and the second device 1002.
[0189] As mentioned above, the first device 1001 and the second device1002 may be in a same device type or may be in different types. In some examples, one of the first device 1001 and the second device 1002 is a terminal device, and the other one of the first device 1001 and the second device 1002 is another terminal device or a network device. In some examples, both of the first device 1001 and the second device 1002 are network devices. For example, one of the first device 1001 and the second device 1002 is an access network device (such as gNB) , and the other one of the first device 1001 and the second device 1002 is another access network device (such as gNB) or a core network device (such an LMF or SMF 176) . For ease of description, some of the following description with reference to FIG. 11 may assume that one of the first device 1001 and the second device 1002 is a UE, and the other one of the first device 1001 and the second device 1002 is a BS.
[0190] At 1110, the first device 1001 may transmit, and the second device 1002 may receive, first capability information of the first device 1001; and / or the second device 1002 may transmit, and the first device 1001 may receive, second capability information of the second device 1002. In some embodiments, capability information (the first / second capability information) may indicate whether a corresponding device (such as the first / second device, e.g., a sender of the capability information) has a capability associated with sensing.
[0191] For example, the capability information (the first / second capability information) may indicate whether line-based sensing is supported, e.g., whether it support generating or receiving line-based sensing information. For instance, the capability information (the first / second capability information) may indicate a mode selection of line-based, that is, line-based sensing is supported. For instance, a selected mode is a line-based mode for sensing information.
[0192] For example, the capability information (the first / second capability information) may indicate a supported maximum value for N, e.g., the maximum value for N that can be supported may be Nmax, in this case, the generated or received line-based sensing information should indicate N lines with N≤Nmax.
[0193] For example, the capability information (the first / second capability information) may indicate whether a compression for line-based sensing is supported, e.g., the generated line-based sensing information can be compressed or the compressed line-based sensing information can be received.
[0194] Before exchange of line-based sensing information (e.g., at 1010) , the first device 1001 and the second device 1002 can exchange their capability or mode selection information for line-based representation.
[0195] For example, if the first device 1001 is UE and the second device 1002 is BS, then UE can indicate its capability for line-based sensing representation, or its mode selection for line-based sensing representation (e.g. using line-based sensing representation) in RRC signaling, MAC CE, or PHY signaling to BS. It indicates whether it has the capability, or select the mode, to extract line-based sensing information; and if yes, whether it has the capability, or select the mode, to compress line-based sensing information, the max number of line segments can be extracted / transmitted at a time, etc.
[0196] Vice versa, the BS can also broadcast / multi-cast / unicast its mode selection for line-based sensing representation, e.g. using line-based sensing representation, to one or multiple UEs (including the first device 1001) , which can be included in RRC signaling, MAC CE, or PHY signaling. For example, the indication can be included in synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , in the system information (SIB) , in RRC dedicated signaling, or in control channel such as PDCCH / DCI, etc.
[0197] At 1120, the first device 1001 may transmit, and the second device 1002 may receive, a first notification; and / or the second device 1002 may transmit, and the first device 1001 may receive, a second notification. In some embodiments, the notification (i.e. the first / second notification, which may also be called as an indication in some cases) may indicate whether the line-based sensing is enabled or disabled; and / or whether a real-time sensing is enabled or disabled.
[0198] In some example, real-time enable or disable line-based sensing representation can also be indicated from the first device 1001 to the second device 1002, or from the second device 1002 to the first device 1001. It can be included in a broadcast / multi-cast / unicast message, as an RRC signaling, MAC CE or PHY signaling. For example, the notification can be included in synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , in the system information (SIB) , in RRC dedicated signaling, in UAI, or in control channel such as PUCCH / PDCCH / DCI / UCI, etc.
[0199] At 1130, the first device 1001 may transmit, and the second device 1002 may receive, a first parameter indication / configuration; and / or the second device 1002 may transmit, and the first device 1001 may receive, a second parameter indication / configuration. In some implementations, the parameter indication / configuration (i.e., the first / second parameter indication / configuration, which may also be called as a related parameter indication or a related parameter configuration for related parameters) may indicate one or more parameters, e.g., used for the line-based sensing information. For example, the one or more parameters may include parameter (s) related to N lines.
[0200] Before exchanging of line-based sensing information (e.g., at 1010) , some related parameters can be configured to the first and / or second device (s) , or indicated by the first and / or second device (s) . For example, if the first device 1001 is UE and the second device 1002 is BS, then UE can indicate related parameters to BS. Vice versa, the BS can also broadcast / multi-cast / unicast related parameters to one or multiple UEs (including the first device 1001) . The related parameters can be included in downlink / uplink / sidelink RRC signaling, MAC CE, or PHY signaling. For example, the indication / configuration can be included in synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , in the system information (SIB) , in common / dedicated RRC signaling, or in control channel such as PUCCH / PDCCH / DCI / UCI, etc. In some examples, the related parameters can include but not limited to:
[0201] ○ The line segment, or coordinate system, is 2D or 3D.
[0202] ○ The max number of line segments in each transmission, e.g., Nmax.
[0203] ○ The number of line segments N in each transmission, e.g., the value of N which may be a fixed value.
[0204] ○ The coordinate system is global coordinates (geography coordinate system, the coordinate system of a cell, etc. ) or local coordinates (the coordinate system of the device, the coordinate system referring to a reference point, the coordinate system defined by a plane, etc. )
[0205] ○ The precision of the vertices and / or the direction vectors of line segment, e.g., the number of bits to represent the (x, y, z) and / or (a, b, c) .
[0206] ○ The format to represent {L1, L2, …LN} , i.e. option1 or option 2 described previously, and the detailed descriptions such as filling each Lj directly, putting all x-values together, and so on. For example, a pre-defined format as discussed above with reference to FIG. 7.
[0207] ○ Whether compress the line segments, or line-based sensing information, or not. If compression used, the compression approach and / or the compression parameters. For example, the quantization approach for the vertex coordinate and / or the direction vector values (such as scalar quantization, dynamic quantization, etc. ) , the quantization parameters (such as quantization bits, [min, max] values, scaling parameters, etc. ) , whether entropy coding used or not (such as Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding, etc. ) , and so on.
[0208] For example, the related parameters may indicate that the compression should be used for the line-based sensing information, and compression parameters may be further indicated. For example, a quantization approach may be used for compression. For example, an entropy approach may be used for compression.
[0209] In some implementations, as illustrated in FIG. 11, the transmission of the line-based sensing information may be performed at 1010, which may be after the operations 1110-1130. In some examples, the line-based sensing information at 1010 is determined according to the information at the operations 1110-1130. As an example, if the first capability information indicates that a maximum value of N supported by the first device 1001 is Nmax1, and the second capability information indicates that a maximum value of N supported by the second device 1002 is Nmax2, then the value of N should not be larger than min {Nmax1, Nmax2} .
[0210] It should be appreciated that although operations 1110-1130 are described, some of the operations 1110-1130 may be combined, amended, or removed (omitted) . For example, the related parameters may be included in the capability information and the operation 1130 is omitted. For example, the operation 1130 is removed and information about the parameters for the line-based sensing information can be transmitted at 1010.
[0211] It should be appreciated that although some embodiments above are described by using the interaction and processing procedures between the user equipment (UE) and the base station (BS) , the exchanged information and protocol flows can also be used between other network nodes such as those described in FIG. 2, for example, between ED and TRP, between ED and core network, between ED and ED, between TRP and TRP.
[0212] The present disclosure can be also applied to Wi-Fi, UWB (Ultra Wide Band) and other short range communications. Then the BS in the procedure described above in some embodiment of the present disclosure may be replaced with, e.g., an AP (Access Point) .
[0213] It is to be noted that line-based representation or line-segment-based representation in the present disclosure is different from mesh representation as shown at (b) in FIG. 6. Refer to FIG. 12, which illustrates a difference 1200 of the mesh representation 1210 and the line-based representation 1220. As illustrated, in mesh representation 1210, multiple vertices are connected by edges. This means that edge (1) and edge (2) in mesh representation 1210 share a same vertex A, edge (2) and edge (3) in mesh representation 1210 share a same vertex B, and so on. For example, the mesh representation 1210 includes 4 edges and 4 vertices.
[0214] Forcing two edges to share a vertex in mesh representation not only increases the computing complexity of the device, but also makes the edge deviate from the original detected direction in the process of sharing vertices, which may make the described object / environment deformed or inaccurate. For example, FIG. 13 illustrates an example schematic 1300 of a sharing vertex for mesh representation. As illustrated the edges 1302 and 1304 need to be deformed to share a same vertex 1310.
[0215] However, in the line-based representation 1220 in the present disclosure, the lines (or edges) will not be deformed so as to make the original information unchanged. It’s better to keep the original detected object / environment boundaries, so as to obtain more accurate fused results, especially in sensing fusion scenarios. On the other hand, line-based sensing information representation can not only reduce the computing complexity of the device, but also keep the original detected object / environment boundaries.
[0216] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1400 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 1400 can be implemented by a first apparatus 701 that discussed with reference to FIG. 7. The first apparatus 701 may be the first device 1001 or the second device that discussed with reference to FIGS. 10-11. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1400 will be described with reference to the first apparatus. It is to be understood that the method 1400 may include additional acts not shown and / or may omit some shown acts, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0217] At 1410, the first apparatus determines sensing information of a sensing target, where the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1. In some examples, the operations at block 1410 may refer to those discussed with reference to the step 710 in FIG. 7, and the details are not repeated herein for brevity.
[0218] In some embodiments, the sensing information comprises M values being ordered in a pre-defined format for representing the N lines, where M is a multiple of N. In some examples, the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, where the plurality of values comprise coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, and coordinate values of a second vertex of the first line. In some examples, the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, where the plurality of values comprise coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, and differences between coordinate values of a second vertex of the first line and coordinate values of the first vertex of the first line.
[0219] At 1420, the first apparatus transmits the sensing information. In some examples, the operations at block 1420 may refer to those discussed with reference to the step 720 in FIG. 7, and the details are not repeated herein for brevity.
[0220] It should be noted that the method 1400 may include various other operations which may be performed by the first apparatus 701, the first device 1001, or the second device 1002 as described above with reference to FIGS. 7 and 11-12. In some examples, the first apparatus may further receive and / or transmit capability information. In some examples, additional operations that can be performed by the first apparatus may refer to those discussed with reference to the steps 1010 and 1110-1130 in FIGS. 11-12, and the details are not repeated herein for brevity.
[0221] FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1500 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 1500 can be implemented by a second apparatus 702 that discussed with reference to FIG. 7. The second apparatus 702 may be the first device 1001 or the second device that discussed with reference to FIGS. 10-11. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1500 will be described with reference to the second apparatus. It is to be understood that the method 1500 may include additional acts not shown and / or may omit some shown acts, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0222] At 1510, the second apparatus receives sensing information of a sensing target, where the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1. In some examples, the operations at block 1510 may refer to those discussed with reference to the step 720 in FIG. 7, and the details are not repeated herein for brevity.
[0223] In some embodiments, the sensing information comprises M values being ordered in a pre-defined format for representing the N lines, where M is a multiple of N. In some examples, the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, where the plurality of values comprise coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, and coordinate values of a second vertex of the first line. In some examples, the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, where the plurality of values comprise coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, and differences between coordinate values of a second vertex of the first line and coordinate values of the first vertex of the first line.
[0224] At 1520, the second apparatus determines the sensing object based on the sensing information. In some examples, the operations at block 1520 may refer to those discussed with reference to the step 730 in FIG. 7, and the details are not repeated herein for brevity.
[0225] It should be noted that the method 1500 may include various other operations which may be performed by the second apparatus 702, the first device 1001, or the second device 1002 as described above with reference to FIGS. 7 and 11-12. In some examples, the second apparatus may further receive and / or transmit capability information. In some examples, additional operations that can be performed by the second apparatus may refer to those discussed with reference to the steps 1010 and 1110-1130 in FIGS. 11-12, and the details are not repeated herein for brevity.
[0226] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure of an apparatus 1600 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the apparatus 1600 includes a processing module 1610 and a transmitting module 1620. The apparatus 1600 may be applied to, e.g., a first apparatus discussed above, and may implement any of the methods provided in the foregoing embodiments.
[0227] The processing module 1610 is configured to determine sensing information of a sensing target, where the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1. The transmitting module 1620 is configured to transmit the sensing information.
[0228] FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure of an apparatus 1700 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the apparatus 1700 includes a receiving module 1710 and a processing module 1720. The apparatus 1700 may be applied to, e.g., a second apparatus discussed above, and may implement any of the methods provided in the foregoing embodiments.
[0229] The receiving module 1710 is configured to receive sensing information of a sensing target, where the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1. The processing module 1720 is configured to determine the sensing object based on the sensing information.
[0230] A physical representation form of the apparatus 1600 or the apparatus 1700 may be a communication device, for example, a network device or UE. Alternatively, the apparatus 1600 / 1700 may be another apparatus that can implement a function of a communication device, for example, a processor or a chip inside of the communication device. Specifically, the apparatus 1600 / 1700 may be some programmable chips such as a field-programmable gate array (field-programmable gate array, FPGA) , a complex programmable logic device (complex programmable logic device, CPLD) , an application-specific integrated circuit (application-specific integrated circuits, ASIC) , or a system on a chip (System on a chip, SOC) .
[0231] In some embodiments, the apparatus 1600 or the apparatus 1700 can include various other units or modules which may be configured to perform various operations or functions as described in connection with the foregoing method embodiments. The details can be obtained referring to the detailed description of the foregoing method embodiments and are not described herein again.
[0232] It should be noted that division into the units or modules in the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure is an example, and is merely logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be another division manner. In addition, function units in embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing unit, or may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit may be implemented in a form of hardware, or may be implemented in a form of a software function unit.
[0233] When the integrated unit is implemented in a form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, the integrated unit may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solutions of the present disclosure essentially, or all or some of the technical solutions may be implemented in a form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for instructing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) or a processor (processor) to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in embodiments of the present disclosure. The foregoing storage medium includes any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM) , a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) , a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.
[0234] FIG. 18 illustrates a block diagram of a device 1800 that may be used for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1800 can be considered as a further example implementation (e.g., part) of the first apparatus and the second apparatus as discussed above.
[0235] As shown, the device 1800 includes a processor 1810, a memory 1820 coupled to the processor 1810, a suitable transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) 1840 coupled to the processor 1810, and a communication interface coupled to the TX / RX 1840. The memory 1810 stores at least a part of a program 1830. The TX / RX 1840 is for bidirectional communications.
[0236] The program 1830 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1810, enable the device 1800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 7-17. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1810 of the device 1800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1810 and memory 1820 may form processing means 1850 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0237] The memory 1820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1820 is shown in the device 1800, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1800. The processor 1810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0238] Some of acronyms, abbreviations, and initialisms for terms that may be used in the present disclosure are provided in the table below.
[0239] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0240] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0241] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0242] The present disclosure provides a device or an apparatus, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer program codes; the memory and the computer program codes configured to, with the processor, cause the device or the apparatus to perform the method implemented at the first apparatus and / or the second apparatus discussed above.
[0243] The present disclosure provides a computer readable medium (such as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, causing the apparatus to perform the method implemented at the first apparatus or the second apparatus discussed above.
[0244] The present disclosure provides a computer program product comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, causing the apparatus to perform the method implemented at the first apparatus or the second apparatus discussed above.
[0245] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0246] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 7-15.Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0247] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0248] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0249] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0250] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:determining sensing information of a sensing target; andtransmitting the sensing information; whereinthe sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the sensing information comprises M values being ordered in a pre-defined format for representing the N lines, and wherein M is a multiple of N.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, and wherein the plurality of values comprise:coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, andcoordinate values of a second vertex of the first line.4.The method of claim 2, wherein the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, and wherein the plurality of values comprise:coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, anddifferences between coordinate values of a second vertex of the first line and coordinate values of the first vertex of the first line.5.The method of any of claims 2-4, further comprising:transmitting or receiving, an indication of the pre-defined format.6.The method of any of claims 1-5, further comprising:transmitting or receiving, information related to the N lines indicating at least one of:a value of N;a maximum value for N;a coordinate system which coordinate values of a vertex are based on;a quantity of coordinate values for representing a vertex of a line;a precision of values in the sensing information;whether values in the sensing information are compressed; andat least one parameter for compressing.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the precision is indicated by a number of bits for representing a value in the sensing information.8.The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein the sensing information comprises a value of N.9.The method of any of claims 1-8, wherein determining the sensing information comprises:determining the sensing information based on capability information comprising at least one of:first capability information of a first device, andsecond capability information of a second device.10.The method of claim 9, further comprising:transmitting first capability information indicating a capability of the first device.11.The method of claim 9 or 10, further comprising:receiving second capability information indicating a capability of the second device.12.The method of any of claims 9-11, wherein the capability information indicates at least one of:whether a line-based sensing is supported,a maximum value for N that can be supported, andwhether a compression for the line-based sensing is supported.13.The method of any of claims 1-12, further comprising:transmitting or receiving, a notification indicating at least one of:whether a line-based sensing is enabled, andwhether a real-time sensing is enabled.14.A communication method, comprising:receiving sensing information of a sensing target, wherein the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1; anddetermining the sensing target based on the sensing information.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the sensing information comprises M values being ordered in a pre-defined format for representing the N lines, and wherein M is a multiple of N.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, and wherein the plurality of values comprise:coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, andcoordinate values of a second vertex of the first line.17.The method of claim 15, wherein the M values comprise a plurality of values for a first line in the N lines, and wherein the plurality of values comprise:coordinate values of a first vertex of the first line, anddifferences between coordinate values of a second vertex of the first line and coordinate values of the first vertex of the first line.18.The method of any of claims 15-17, further comprising:transmitting or receiving, an indication of the pre-defined format.19.The method of any of claims 14-18, further comprising:transmitting or receiving, information related to the N lines indicating at least one of:a value of N,a maximum value for N,a coordinate system which coordinate values of a vertex are based on;a quantity of coordinate values for representing a vertex of a line;a precision of values in the sensing information;whether values in the sensing information are compressed; andat least one parameter for compressing.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the precision is indicated by a number of bits for representing a value in the sensing information.21.The method of any of claims 14-20, wherein the sensing information comprises a value of N.22.The method of any of claims 14-21, wherein the sensing information is determined based on capability information comprising at least one of:first capability information of a first device, andsecond capability information of a second device.23.The method of claim 22, further comprising:receiving first capability information indicating a capability of the first device.24.The method of claim 22 or 23, further comprising:transmitting second capability information indicating a capability of the second device.25.The method of any of claims 22-24, wherein the capability information indicates at least one of:whether a line-based sensing is supported,a maximum value for N that can be supported, andwhether a compression for the line-based sensing is supported.26.The method of any of claims 14-25, further comprising:transmitting or receiving, a notification indicating at least one of:whether a line-based sensing is enabled, andwhether a real-time sensing is enabled.27.The method of any of claims 14-26, further comprising: performing at least one of:merging the sensing information and another sensing information; andassisting a communication using the sensing information.28.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any of claims 1-13 or 14-27.29.The communication apparatus of claim 28, comprising:a processing unit, configured to determine sensing information of a sensing target, wherein the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1; anda transmitting unit, configured to transmit the sensing information.30.The communication apparatus of claim 28, comprising:a receiving unit, configured to receive sensing information of a sensing target, wherein the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1;anda processing unit, configured to determine the sensing target based on the sensing information.31.The communication apparatus of claim 28, comprising:one or more processors, configured to determine sensing information of a sensing target, wherein the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1; andan interface circuit, configure to transmit the sensing information.32.The communication apparatus of claim 28, comprising:an interface circuit, configure to receive sensing information of a sensing target, wherein the sensing information indicates N lines for representing the sensing target, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 1; andone or more processors, configured to determine the sensing target based on the sensing information.33.The communication apparatus of claim 31 or 32, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.34.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1-13 or 14-27.35.A communication system, comprising:a first communication apparatus, configured to perform the method of any of claims 1-13; anda second communication apparatus, configured to perform the method of any of claims 14-27.36.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1-13 or 14-27.37.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1-13 or 14-27.
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