Method for producing solanaceous plant, method for preventing decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plant, and device for preventing decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plant

Abstract

A method for producing a solanaceous plant, the method comprising a fruit yield decrease prevention step for irradiating, with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800-1000 nm, a solanaceous plant that is being grown, while adjusting at least one of the irradiance X (W / m2) or the irradiation time Y (s) such that the irradiance and the irradiation time satisfy all of disease control conditions of formulae 1-3 and the condition of formula 4. Formula 1: 644893X-1.873≥Y≥5901.9X-1.856 Formula 2: X≥1 Formula 3: Y≥0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

Description

Method for producing solanaceous plants, method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing solanaceous plants, a method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and an apparatus for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants. This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-065575, filed on April 15, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The method of irradiating plants with near-infrared light to prevent disease does not require the use of pesticides, and is therefore highly safe, particularly for plants that are to be eaten after harvest, and is therefore in high demand in the market.

[0003] Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method for irradiating a plant under cultivation with near-infrared light containing wavelengths set within a wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm at an irradiance (W / m ２ The present invention discloses a plant disease control method and a disease control device, which are characterized by automatically adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so as to satisfy all of the following formulas 1, 2, and 3, where X is the irradiance and Y is the irradiation time (s): Formula 1: 644893X －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01

[0004] Patent No. 7276786 International Publication No. 2023 / 182357

[0005] However, while Patent Documents 1 and 2 clearly describe the relationship between the irradiance and irradiation time of near-infrared light that has a plant disease control effect, it remains unclear whether near-infrared light irradiation has any effect on the growth of solanaceous plants, particularly on the fruit set and fruit yield of solanaceous plants. It was not possible to predict how near-infrared light irradiation would affect the fruit set and fruit yield of solanaceous plants from disease control effect data alone. The inventors' extensive studies have shown that excessive near-infrared light irradiation reduces the fruit set of solanaceous plants during cultivation, more specifically, the cumulative fruit set over the cultivation period, resulting in a trade-off between the disease control effect of near-infrared light irradiation and ensuring sufficient fruit yield. Fruit set and cumulative fruit set are important for ensuring the yield of solanaceous plants.

[0006] In view of the above circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a method for producing solanaceous plants that can effectively prevent a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, a method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and an apparatus for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants.

[0007] As a result of extensive research, the inventors have found that the irradiance (W / m ２ ) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, the inventors have discovered that if the integrated amount of light calculated from the integrated value of X × Y becomes excessive, the fruit yield of the solanaceous plant being cultivated decreases, and further that by adjusting the integrated value of X × Y to an appropriate range, the decrease in the fruit yield of the solanaceous plant can be prevented, leading to the completion of the present invention.

[0008] That is, the present invention is as follows: [1] A solanaceous plant under cultivation is exposed to near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm at an irradiance of X (W / m ２ ) and irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

[0009] [2] The method for producing a solanaceous plant according to [1], further comprising a cultivation management work step of carrying out cultivation management work for the solanaceous plant, wherein the fruit yield reduction prevention step is carried out at the same time as the cultivation management work step. [3] The method for producing a solanaceous plant according to [1], further comprising: determining the irradiance X (W / m) of the solanaceous plant from information on the moving speed of a light source that irradiates the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light and information on the length of the light source in the moving direction. ２ ) is adjusted so as to satisfy the condition of the formula 4: X × Y < 9000. [4] When the moving speed of the light source irradiating the solanaceous plant with the near-infrared light becomes zero, the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X × Y becomes 9000 W s / m ２ The method for producing a solanaceous plant according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the irradiation of near-infrared light is stopped before the above-mentioned condition is reached.

[0010] [5] Near-infrared light containing wavelengths of 800 to 1000 nm is applied to cultivated solanaceous plants at an irradiance of X (W / m ２ A method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant, comprising irradiating the plant by adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so that the irradiance and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

[0011] [6] A near-infrared light irradiation means for irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and a device for irradiating the near-infrared light with an irradiance X (W / m ２ and a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means for adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so that the irradiance Y(s) and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

[0012] [7] The fruit yield reduction prevention device according to [6], further comprising a cultivation management operation means for performing cultivation management operations on the solanaceous plant, wherein the near-infrared light irradiating means and the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means are mounted on the cultivation management operation means. [8] The fruit yield reduction prevention device according to [7], wherein the near-infrared light irradiating means is a light source that irradiates near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and the cultivation management operation means is a cultivation management operation cart equipped with the light source. [9] The near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means acquires information on the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant and information on the length in the moving direction of the near-infrared light irradiating means, and calculates the irradiance X (W / m ２ The device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield according to any one of [6] to [8], wherein the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means adjusts the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X×Y to 9000 W·s / m when the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant becomes zero. ２ The fruit yield reduction prevention device described in any one of [6] to [9] has a function of stopping the irradiation of the near-infrared light irradiation means before the above-mentioned condition is reached.

[0013] The present invention provides a method for producing solanaceous plants that can effectively prevent a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, a method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and an apparatus for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants.

[0014] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a side view of a fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention in relation to the direction of travel. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a rear view of a fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention in relation to the direction of travel, and showing a state in which near-infrared light is irradiated onto a plant body. When near-infrared light is irradiated onto a solanaceous plant, the irradiance (W / m) that exerts a disease control effect and a fruit yield reduction prevention effect is ２ 1 is a double logarithmic graph showing the relationship between the temperature (°C) and the irradiation time (s).

[0015] The following describes embodiments of a method for producing solanaceous plants, a method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield in solanaceous plants, and an apparatus for preventing a decrease in fruit yield in solanaceous plants of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Furthermore, in the present invention, a numerical range expressed using "to" means a range that includes the numerical values ​​written before and after "to" as the lower and upper limits.

[0016] Solanaceae plants to which the present invention is applicable include all solanaceae plants cultivated by agricultural techniques, which bear berries or capsules. The main plants in the Solanaceae family (scientific name: Solanaceae) are the genus Solanum, which includes eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), Solanum aethiopicum, American nightshade (Solanum americanum), horsenettle (Solanum carolinense), horned eggplant (Solanum mammosum), and nightshade (Solanum nigrum); the genus Capsicum, which includes peppers (Capsicum annuum), aji amarillo (Capsicum baccatum), and ulpica (Capsicum cardenasii); the genus Nicotiana, which includes tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) and sugarcane (N. alata); and the genus Datura. Datura, which includes Datura metel, Datura inoxia, and Datura stramonium; Brugmansia, which includes Brugmansia suaveolens and Brugmansia arborea; Physalis, which includes Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii and Physalis philadelphica; and Petunia, which includes Petunia x hybrida. As the solanaceae plant to which the present invention is applied, plants belonging to the genus Solanum, Nicotiana, or Capsicum are preferred, with tomatoes, potatoes, or capsicums (bell peppers, paprika) being more preferred, and tomatoes being even more preferred.

[0017] In the present invention, the near-infrared light irradiated onto a solanaceous plant under cultivation is near-infrared light containing any wavelength set within the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm, and may be a single-wavelength light such as a laser, or may have a wavelength distribution such as that of a fluorescent lamp or LED. Furthermore, the near-infrared light may have one peak wavelength or two or more different peak wavelengths, but from the viewpoint of achieving a sufficient effect of preventing a decrease in fruit yield, it is desirable that the central wavelength of the irradiated near-infrared light be within the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm.

[0018] Examples of irradiating devices that can irradiate such near-infrared light include light-emitting diodes (LEDs), fluorescent tubes, metal halide lamps, sodium lamps, halogen lamps, xenon lamps, neon tubes, inorganic electroluminescence, organic electroluminescence, chemiluminescence (chemical luminescence), lasers, etc. In addition, sunlight or light emitted from a light source that has passed through a spectral filter that transmits only light of an arbitrarily set wavelength within the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm may also be used.

[0019] <<Method for Producing Solanaceous Plants>> The method for producing solanaceous plants of this embodiment involves irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm at an irradiance of X (W / m ２ The present invention also includes a step of preventing a decrease in fruit yield by adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so that the irradiance and irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4.

[0020] Formula 1: 644893X －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

[0021] Equation 4 shows the relationship between the irradiance X and irradiation time Y of near-infrared light that can exert an effect of preventing a decrease in fruit yield in solanaceous plants, and the effect of preventing a decrease in fruit yield can be exerted by adjusting at least one of the irradiance or the irradiation time so as to satisfy all of the disease control conditions of Equations 1 to 3 and the condition of Equation 4. In Equation 4, the integrated light intensity calculated from the integrated value of X x Y is 9000 W·s / m ２When a cultivated solanaceous plant is irradiated with near-infrared light containing wavelengths set within the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm, the irradiance (W / m ２ 3, where the horizontal axis (X axis) is the light intensity (X) and the vertical axis (Y axis) is the irradiation time (s), "Formula 4: X×Y<9000" indicates that the line "X×Y=9000" is below the line. The integrated light intensity calculated from the integrated value of X×Y is 8500 W·s / m ２ or less, 7500 W·s / m ２ or less, and 6000 W·s / m ２ or less, 3000 W·s / m ２ When the light intensity is equal to or less than the upper limit, the effect of preventing a decrease in fruit yield is more excellent. In Equation 4, the integrated light intensity calculated from the integrated value of X×Y is 100 W·s / m ２ or more, and 200 W·s / m ２ or more, and 300 W·s / m ２ When the content is equal to or greater than the lower limit, disease control is more excellent.

[0022] The irradiation conditions of Formulas 1, 2 and 3 are effective in controlling diseases in solanaceous plants, and reference can be made to, for example, Japanese Patent No. 7276786 (Patent Document 1) and International Publication No. 2023 / 182357 (Patent Document 2).

[0023] The formula "Y = 644893X" included in the above formula 1 －１．８７３ " is the irradiance (W / m ２ ) on the horizontal axis (X-axis) and irradiation time (s) on the vertical axis (Y-axis). This is represented by a straight line LA in the double logarithmic graph of Figure 3. Here, when the coordinates indicated by the irradiance X and irradiation time Y lie above the straight line LA, this corresponds to excessive irradiation of the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light. Excessive irradiation of near-infrared light is undesirable because the irradiance or irradiation time exceeds the required amount, wasting the power required to generate the near-infrared light and shortening the life of the light source.

[0024] In addition, the formula "Y = 5901.9X" that satisfies the above formula 1 －１．８５６ " is the irradiance (W / m ２) on the horizontal axis (X-axis) and the irradiation time (s) on the vertical axis (Y-axis) in Fig. 3, this is represented by a straight line LC. When the coordinate indicated by the irradiance X and the irradiation time Y is below the straight line LC, this corresponds to insufficient irradiation of near-infrared light to the solanaceous plant. Insufficient irradiation of near-infrared light will not provide sufficient disease control effects.

[0025] Furthermore, when irradiating Solanaceous plants with near-infrared light, the irradiance is 1 W / m ２ If the irradiance is less than 1 W / m, the irradiation time must be significantly longer to achieve sufficient disease control effects. ２ It is not practical to perform irradiation treatment with an irradiation time of less than 0.01 seconds. Furthermore, if the irradiation time of near-infrared light on plants is less than 0.01 seconds, sufficient disease control effect cannot be obtained unless the irradiance is considerably increased. Therefore, it is not practical to perform irradiation treatment with an irradiation time of less than 0.01 seconds.

[0026] Irradiance (W / m ２ 3, where the horizontal axis (X-axis) is the irradiance (W / m) and the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the irradiation time (s), it can be said that a disease control effect can be obtained by irradiating a solanaceous plant with near-infrared light at an irradiance and irradiation time such that the coordinates lie within the range surrounded by the four lines LA, LC, "X=1", and "Y=0.01". In the method for producing solanaceous plants of this embodiment, the irradiance (W / m) ２ 3, with the horizontal axis (X-axis) representing the irradiance (s) and the vertical axis (Y-axis) representing the irradiation time (s), it can be said that if a solanaceous plant is irradiated with near-infrared light at an irradiance and irradiation time such that the coordinates lie within the range surrounded by the five bold lines: line LA, line LC, and the lines "X x Y = 9000," "X = 1," and "Y = 0.01," both disease control effects and fruit yield reduction prevention effects can be obtained. Such irradiation conditions can be expressed by a formula, where all of the above formulas 1, 2, 3, and 4 are satisfied, and it can be said that irradiating a solanaceous plant with near-infrared light in this manner can both disease control effects and fruit yield reduction prevention effects.

[0027] In the method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, in order to obtain a plant disease control effect, it is advisable to irradiate the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light so that the conditions suitable for such disease control treatment are satisfied on the surface of the plant body.

[0028] Furthermore, plant diseases in the method for producing a Solanaceous plant of this embodiment are mainly caused by fungi, and examples of such pathogenic fungi include ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, flagellates, oomycetes, and deuteromycetes. Examples include ascomycetes such as strawberry powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca aphanis) and tomato powdery mildew (Oidium and Oidiopsis), which are ascomycetes; cucumber downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), which is an oomycete; and tomato leaf mold (Fulvia fulva) and tomato gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), which are deuteromycetes. However, these are merely examples and are not limiting.

[0029] When irradiating a solanaceous plant with near-infrared light, the surrounding light environment does not need to be dark, and the plant may be irradiated under artificial lighting such as fluorescent lamps or LEDs, or under sunlight. However, it is preferable to perform the irradiation treatment in a light environment in which the irradiance of light in other wavelength regions is weaker than the irradiance of near-infrared light in the wavelength region of 800 to 1000 nm.

[0030] The irradiation of near-infrared light may be continuous or intermittent. Continuous irradiation means, for example, continuously irradiating near-infrared light for a predetermined time (e.g., 5 minutes). Intermittent irradiation means, for example, repeating 10 seconds of irradiation and 10 seconds of non-irradiation so that the total irradiation time is the predetermined time (e.g., 5 minutes).

[0031] For example, the same plant body of the Solanaceae family is irradiated with near-infrared light once or twice or more during the cultivation period, preferably three or more times at an arbitrary interval, more preferably four or more times (multiple times) at an arbitrary interval. In the present invention, one irradiation of near-infrared light is defined as a single irradiation of near-infrared light of 9000 W·s / m2 calculated from the integrated value of X×Y. ２The irradiation is to reach an integrated light amount less than 1000 kJ / hour, and the integrated light amount may be reached by continuous irradiation or by intermittent irradiation.

[0032] The disease control effect obtained by carrying out the method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment lasts for about 14 days with a single irradiation of near-infrared light. Therefore, in the method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, if the irradiation of near-infrared light is repeated at a frequency of once every 1 to 14 days, the disease control effect can be maintained without interruption.

[0033] In the method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, the reduction in fruit-bearing yield of the solanaceous plant can be more effectively prevented, and therefore it is preferable to repeat the irradiation of near-infrared light three or more times at a frequency of once every 1 to 14 days, more preferable to repeat the irradiation of near-infrared light three or more times at a frequency of once every 3 to 14 days, even more preferable to repeat the irradiation of near-infrared light four or more times at a frequency of once every 3 to 14 days, and particularly preferable to repeat the irradiation of near-infrared light five or more times at a frequency of once every 3 to 14 days.

[0034] In the method for producing solanaceous plants of this embodiment, for example, if the plants are grown in a building such as a greenhouse or hydroponic cultivation room, near-infrared light can be irradiated onto the plants from an irradiation device installed on the ceiling or wall of the building. Alternatively, if the plants are grown outdoors, a mobile irradiation device equipped with a near-infrared light source can be used. For example, a mobile fruit yield reduction prevention device with a light source mounted on an automatically or manually operated cultivation management work cart, an irradiation device with a light source mounted on an aerial drone that irradiates the plants from above, or a compact fruit yield reduction prevention device that is held by a person with a light source like a flashlight can be used.

[0035] In the method for producing solanaceous plants of this embodiment, at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time is adjusted so that the wavelength range of near-infrared light that is effective in controlling diseases in solanaceous plants and all of the disease control conditions of Equations 1 to 3 and the condition of Equation 4 are satisfied. This allows for effective control of plant diseases and effective prevention of a decrease in fruit yield in solanaceous plants. For example, when the distance between the source of near-infrared light and the target solanaceous plant is large and the irradiance at the plant surface is low, the irradiation time can be adjusted to be long enough to achieve disease control and prevent a decrease in fruit yield even at that low irradiance. Furthermore, when a moving light source irradiates a plant with near-infrared light, if the light source passes near the target plant in a short time, thereby shortening the irradiation time at the plant surface, the irradiance can be adjusted to be high enough to achieve disease control and prevent a decrease in fruit yield even at that short irradiation time.

[0036] For example, the formula "X x Y = 8500" included in the above formula 4 is the irradiance (W / m ２ ) on the horizontal axis (X-axis) and irradiation time (s) on the vertical axis (Y-axis). In an embodiment of the method for producing solanaceous plants, for example, near-infrared light having a wavelength set within a wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm is irradiated onto a solanaceous plant under cultivation at an irradiance (W / m ２) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, an example of a method for producing a solanaceous plant is to adjust at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so as to satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the above formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the above formula 4, and based roughly on the condition expressed by "X × Y = 8500". The method for producing solanaceous plants may be one in which at least one of the irradiance or the irradiation time is adjusted based on approximately the condition expressed as "X×Y=7500" instead of the condition expressed as "X×Y=8500", or may be one in which at least one of the irradiance or the irradiation time is adjusted based on approximately the condition expressed as "X×Y=6000", or may be one in which at least one of the irradiance or the irradiation time is adjusted based on approximately the condition expressed as "X×Y=3000", or may be one in which at least one of the irradiance or the irradiation time is adjusted based on approximately the condition expressed as "X×Y=300".

[0037] Furthermore, in another embodiment, near-infrared light containing wavelengths set within the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm is applied to a solanaceous plant under cultivation at an irradiance (W / m ２ ) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, so that all of the disease control conditions of the above formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of formula 4 are satisfied, and "Y = 5901.9X －１．８５６ An example of such a method for producing a solanaceous plant is a method for irradiating the plant by adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time based on the conditions shown in the above.

[0038] As described above, the control means capable of adjusting one or both of the irradiance and irradiation time of near-infrared light can be configured to automatically control the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means by incorporating a general control means. In particular, automatically adjusting the irradiance in response to fluctuations in the irradiation time of near-infrared light is desirable because it allows for an appropriate amount of irradiation without excessive or insufficient irradiation, even in situations where, for example, a worker who irradiates plants cultivated in a field with near-infrared light is unfamiliar with irradiation treatment and is unable to pay attention to the irradiation time.

[0039] The method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment further includes a cultivation management work step of performing cultivation management work for the solanaceous plant, and it is preferable that the fruit yield reduction prevention step is performed at the same time as the cultivation management work step.

[0040] The cultivation management work may be any one of bud thinning, training, shifting, leaf thinning, fruit thinning, truss clip installation, truss support installation, or hormone treatment.

[0041] When the fruit yield reduction prevention step is performed at the same time as the cultivation management step, the solanaceous plant that is the target of the fruit yield reduction prevention step and the solanaceous plant that is the target of the cultivation management step may be the same plant and performed at the same time, or different plant bodies and performed at the same time. For example, while irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light, cultivation management work may be performed on the same plant body as the target plant body being irradiated with near-infrared light, or cultivation management work may be performed on a plant body planted next to the target plant body being irradiated with near-infrared light, or cultivation management work may be performed on a plant body planted in a row behind the target plant body being irradiated with near-infrared light, while irradiating it with near-infrared light.

[0042] The method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment includes: determining the irradiance X (W / m) of the solanaceous plant from information on the moving speed of the light source that irradiates the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light and information on the length of the light source in the moving direction; ２ ) can be adjusted so as to satisfy the condition of the above-mentioned formula 4: X × Y < 9000.

[0043] For example, when the moving speed of the light source irradiating the near-infrared light to the solanaceous plant is V cm / s and the length of the light source in the moving direction is L (cm), the time it takes for the light source to pass a certain point on the plant body to be irradiated is (L / V) (s). This time (L / V) (s) is regarded as the irradiation time Y (s), and the irradiance X (W / m ２ ) can be adjusted so as to satisfy the condition of the above-mentioned formula 4: X × Y < 9000.

[0044] In the method for producing a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, when the moving speed of the light source irradiating the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light becomes zero, the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X × Y is 9000 W·s / m ２ Before this occurs, the irradiation of the near-infrared light may be automatically stopped.

[0045] <<Method for Preventing a Decrease in Fruit Yield of Solanaceae Plants>> The method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceae plants of this embodiment comprises irradiating a solanaceae plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm at an irradiance of X (W / m ２ At least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time is adjusted so that the irradiance Y(s) and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4.

[0046] Formula 1: 644893X －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

[0047] The method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant of this embodiment can be carried out in the same manner as the method for producing a solanaceous plant described above. The method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant of this embodiment may further include a cultivation management work step of carrying out cultivation management work for the solanaceous plant, and the fruit yield reduction prevention step may be carried out at the same time as the cultivation management work step.

[0048] The method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, like the method for producing a solanaceous plant described above, includes determining the irradiance X (W / m) of the solanaceous plant from information on the moving speed of a light source that irradiates the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light and information on the length of the light source in the moving direction. ２ ) can be adjusted so as to satisfy the condition of the above-mentioned formula 4: X × Y < 9000.

[0049] In the method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant of this embodiment, similarly to the method for producing a solanaceous plant described above, when the moving speed of the light source irradiating the solanaceous plant with near-infrared light becomes zero, the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X × Y becomes 9000 W s / m ２Before this occurs, the irradiation of the near-infrared light may be stopped.

[0050] <<Device for preventing a decline in fruit yield>> The device for preventing a decline in fruit yield of this embodiment includes a near-infrared light irradiating means for irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and a radiant irradiance X (W / m ２ and a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means for adjusting at least one of the irradiance or the irradiation time so that the irradiance Y(s) and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4.

[0051] Formula 1: 644893X －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

[0052] In the fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment, the near-infrared light irradiating means is not limited as long as it is a light source that irradiates the solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm. The near-infrared light irradiating means may be a light source that irradiates only near-infrared light, or may be a light source that irradiates near-infrared light together with visible light. Examples of light sources that irradiate near-infrared light together with visible light include a light source that combines a white light irradiating light source and a near-infrared light irradiating light source, and other light sources that can irradiate both white light and near-infrared light with a single light source. Specifically, for example, by using a light source that combines a white LED and a near-infrared LED, the irradiated area of ​​near-infrared light can be visualized.

[0053] According to the fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment, the near-infrared light irradiation means irradiates the solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and the near-infrared light radiation amount adjustment means adjusts the irradiance X (W / m ２ By appropriately adjusting either or both of the irradiance and the irradiation time Y(s) so that the irradiance Y(s) satisfies all of the disease control conditions of the above formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the above formula 4, a decrease in the fruit yield of solanaceous plants can be effectively prevented.

[0054] An embodiment of the device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant is, for example, a device including a light source that irradiates a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength set within a wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm, and a device that emits near-infrared light having an irradiance (W / m ２ ) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, and a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means is provided for adjusting at least one of the irradiance and irradiation time of the near-infrared light irradiated from the light source so that all of the disease control conditions of the above formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the above formula 4 are satisfied, and based roughly on the condition expressed by "X × Y = 8500".

[0055] Furthermore, as another embodiment, a light source that irradiates a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength set within a wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm, and ... ２ ) is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y, so that all of the disease control conditions of the above formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the above formula 4 are satisfied, and "Y = 5901.9X －１．８５６ and a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means that can adjust at least one of the irradiance or irradiation time of the near-infrared light irradiated from the light source based roughly on the conditions expressed in ".

[0056] The near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means capable of adjusting either or both of the irradiance and the irradiation time of near-infrared light can be configured to automatically adjust either or both of the irradiance and the irradiation time by incorporating a general control means. For example, if the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means is configured to automatically adjust the irradiance in response to fluctuations in the irradiation time of near-infrared light, this is desirable because it can be used as a device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, for example, to irradiate plants cultivated in a field with near-infrared light in an appropriate amount without excessive or insufficient irradiation, even in situations where an operator who irradiates plants cultivated in a field with near-infrared light is unfamiliar with the irradiation process and is unable to pay attention to the irradiation time.

[0057] The fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment may further include a cultivation management operation means for performing cultivation management operations for the solanaceous plants, and the near-infrared light irradiation means and the near-infrared light radiation amount adjustment means may be mounted on the cultivation management operation means.

[0058] In the fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment, the near-infrared light irradiation means may be a light source that irradiates near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and the cultivation management work means may be a cultivation management work cart equipped with the light source.

[0059] In the fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment, the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means acquires information on the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant and information on the length of the near-infrared light irradiating means in the moving direction, and calculates the irradiance X (W / m ２ ) can be adjusted so as to satisfy the condition of the above-mentioned formula 4: X × Y < 9000.

[0060] In the fruit yield reduction prevention device of this embodiment, the near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means adjusts the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X×Y to 9000 W·s / m when the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant becomes zero. ２ The device may have a function of stopping the irradiation of the near-infrared light irradiation means before the temperature reaches the above level.

[0061] An example of a fruit yield reduction prevention device according to the present embodiment will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings used in the following description may show characteristic parts enlarged for ease of understanding, and the dimensional proportions of each component may not necessarily be the same as in reality. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0062] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the side of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 of this embodiment in the direction of travel. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the back of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 of this embodiment in the direction of travel, and also showing the state in which near-infrared light is being irradiated onto a plant body. The fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a light source 11 as near-infrared light irradiating means for irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and a light source 12 as a light source for irradiating a solanaceous plant with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm. The light source 12 has an irradiance X (W / m ２ The control unit 14 functions as a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means for adjusting at least one of the irradiance or the irradiation time so that the irradiance Y(s) and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of Equations 1 to 3 and the condition of Equation 4.

[0063] The fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 further includes a cultivation management work cart 13, a support board 12 that is erected on the upper surface of the cultivation management work cart 13 and supports the light source 11 facing leftward, a work seat 20 that is attached to the cultivation management work cart 13 and has a seat 21 that allows the operator to sit behind the support board 12 facing leftward, and four wheels 17 that are attached to the four corners of the lower part of the cultivation management work cart 13 via axles 19. On both sides of the seat 21, handrails 22, a driving operation unit 24, and a main switch 25 are erected from the cultivation management work cart 13. The fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 allows an operator to sit on the seat 21 and perform cultivation management work by self-propelling, sequentially irradiating near-infrared light onto a large number of solanaceae plants planted in rows.

[0064] Inside the cultivation management work cart 13, there is a control unit 14 that automatically controls the irradiance of the near-infrared light emitted from the light source 11, a vehicle speed sensor 18 that measures the movement speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 based on the rotation speed of the axle 19, and a power supply unit 15 consisting of a lithium ion secondary battery that supplies electricity to the light source 11, the control unit 14, and the vehicle speed sensor 18.

[0065] A number of near-infrared LEDs are arranged on the surface of the light source 11, and are capable of irradiating near-infrared light with a central wavelength of 850 nm in the right direction. The length of the light source 11 in the moving direction is L (cm). The light source 11 also emits near-infrared light with an irradiance (W / m２ ) is irradiated at a position approximately at the center of the entire plant body T1 with an intensity that satisfies all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4, where X is the irradiance and Y is the irradiation time (s). －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000

[0066] In order to make the light source 11 irradiate near-infrared light at the above-mentioned intensity, the control unit 14, which serves as a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means, acquires in advance the length L of the light source 11 in the moving direction, and controls the control unit 14 to automatically adjust the irradiance of the near-infrared light irradiated from the light source 11 in response to fluctuations in the moving speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 measured by the vehicle speed sensor 18 so as to satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the above-mentioned formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the above-mentioned formula 4. Furthermore, when the moving speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 for solanaceous plants becomes zero, the control unit 14 adjusts the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X×Y to 9000 W·s / m ２ Before this happens, the light source 11 stops emitting light.

[0067] The method for irradiating near-infrared light onto a large number of plants T1 planted in rows using the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 is as follows: First, from the large number of plants T1 planted in rows, one plant T1 closest to the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 placed at the location where the irradiation work and cultivation management work will begin is selected, and the distance D1 between the approximate center position of the entire plant T1 and the approximate center position of the light source 11 of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 is measured.

[0068] Next, the measured value of the distance D1 is input to the control unit 14. Then, the control unit 14 calculates the intensity of the near-infrared light emitted from the light source 11 as its irradiance (W / m ２ ) is calculated and set at approximately the center of the entire plant body T1 as an intensity that satisfies all of the disease control conditions of Equations 1 to 3 and the condition of Equation 4 above, when the irradiance is X and the irradiation time (s) is Y.

[0069] The operator then sits on the seat 21 and turns on the main switch 25, causing the cultivation management work cart 13 to begin self-propelled along the cultivation lane, and the light source 11 turns on, commencing cultivation management work and near-infrared light irradiation. While maintaining the distance D1 as much as possible, the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 is moved forward along the row of plants T1 at a speed V, thereby performing irradiation work on multiple plants T1 in succession, and the operator performs cultivation management work on the adjacent plant T2 that has been irradiated with near-infrared light. Here, the speed V of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 is the same as the speed V of the light source 11. The operator can adjust or stop the speed V of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 by operating the operation unit 24 to suit the cultivation management work. Then, the vehicle speed sensor 18 measures the moving speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1, and based on the measured value, the control unit 14 automatically determines the intensity of the near-infrared light to be irradiated from the light source 11 so as to satisfy all of the disease control conditions of Equations 1 to 3 and the condition of Equation 4. If the moving speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 fluctuates, the intensity of the irradiated near-infrared light is also immediately changed. Generally, if the moving speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 decreases, the irradiated near-infrared light is weakened, and conversely, if the moving speed increases, the irradiated near-infrared light is strengthened. In particular, when the moving speed of the light source irradiating the near-infrared light on the solanaceous plant becomes zero, the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X x Y is 9000 W·s / m ２ Finally, when the irradiation of the plurality of plants T1 arranged in a row with near-infrared light is completed, the light source 11 is turned off.

[0070] According to the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1, the fruit yield reduction prevention process is performed simultaneously with the cultivation management process typically performed at production sites, eliminating the need for additional manpower and facilitating implementation. Because cultivation management processes are not necessarily performed at a constant speed, there has traditionally been a risk of excessive light exposure when performing cultivation management and disease control using light irradiation simultaneously. In other words, if cultivation management is performed in a specific location for a long period of time, excessive light exposure occurs in that location. The fruit yield reduction prevention device 1 automatically adjusts the irradiance in response to fluctuations in the movement speed of the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1, i.e., fluctuations in the irradiation time of near-infrared light emitted from the light source 11. Therefore, even in situations where, for example, an operator is unfamiliar with cultivation management and is unable to pay attention to the irradiation time, the appropriate amount of irradiation can be achieved without over- or under-irradiation, thereby effectively preventing fruit yield reduction in solanaceous plants. In the fruit yield reduction prevention device 1, an example of a fruit yield reduction prevention device in which a light source and a work seat are mounted on a self-propelled cultivation management work cart has been described, but the fruit yield reduction prevention device according to the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the work seat may not be required, and a form in which an operator stands on the cultivation management work cart and performs cultivation management work may be adopted.

[0071] The present invention will be explained in more detail using examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples in any way.

[0072] [Test 1: Effects of excessive near-infrared light irradiation on tomatoes] For the following test varieties of tomatoes, three test plots with different irradiation times were set up, and three fixed plant bodies from each test plot were grown for the following period. - Test period: December 2022 to February 2023 - Test location: Test glass greenhouse owned by Kagome Co., Ltd. (Tochigi Prefecture) - Test variety: Medium-sized tomato (KGM184) developed by Kagome Co., Ltd. - 3 test plots Test plot A: Each plant was irradiated with near-infrared light for 1 second. Test plot B: Each plant was irradiated with near-infrared light for 10 seconds. Test plot C: Each plant was irradiated with near-infrared light for 30 seconds.

[0073] [Test method] Near-infrared light irradiation treatment was carried out once a week in test plots A, B, and C using the handy LED irradiation device described below. Growth surveys were conducted every two weeks to check the cumulative number of fruits. [Handy LED irradiation device] 200 LEDs ("L850-04UP" manufactured by Ushio Inc.) with a peak wavelength around 850 nm were mounted on a light source panel with an effective irradiation area of ​​140 x 70 mm. [Irradiation conditions] The irradiance was 300 W / m ２ The radiation position was the third expanded leaf below the growth point, and the distance between the light source and the target was 1 cm. [Method for calculating the cumulative number of fruits] - Every Tuesday was the survey day, and newly set fruits on the survey day were marked, and the number of new fruits set each week was counted for each plant. - The number of new fruits set each week was accumulated, and the average cumulative number of fruits set for each test plot was calculated.

[0074] [Results] The results of the cumulative fruit number surveyed on February 7, 2023 are shown in Table 1.

[0075]

[0076] In experimental plot C, the cumulative number of fruits was lower than in experimental plots A and B. This suggests that the irradiance of 300 W / m ２ Irradiation for 30 seconds or more is likely to have a negative effect on the number of fruits set. ２ It was found that the adverse effects on fruit set could be avoided by stopping irradiation before this level was reached.

[0077] [Test 2: Verification in actual tomato production] For the following test varieties of tomatoes, two test areas were set up: a near-infrared light irradiation area and a control area (non-irradiation area), and 16 rows in each test area were grown for the following implementation period. Implementation period: March 2023 to June 2023 Test location: Shimanto Mihara Vegetable Garden, Shimanto Farm, 1 greenhouse Test variety: Medium-sized tomato variety for eating fresh (external variety)

[0078] [Test Method] Once every two weeks, a small near-infrared light irradiation device was installed on a lifting work platform in the near-infrared light irradiation area, and tomato plants were irradiated while cultivation management work was being carried out. The width (length in the direction of movement) of the light source panel of the near-infrared light irradiation device was 20 cm. The degree of disease occurrence was checked periodically, and the number of new fruits and A-grade yield were investigated. Here, A-grade refers to fruits of a quality deemed suitable for sale in the market.

[0079] [Irradiation conditions] One worker was fixed as the treatment worker, and near-infrared light with a central wavelength of 850 nm emitted from a light source (LED) was irradiated during the truss support installation work. The irradiation range was set to fully expanded leaves 20-40 cm below the growth point. When the light source moved at the same speed as the work (8 m / min ≒ 13 cm / s), it took 1.5 seconds to pass a certain point on the tomato plant. The irradiance was set to 250 W / m², matching the speed of the work. ２ and the irradiance x radiation time is set to 9000 W·s / m ２ The irradiation was carried out so as not to exceed .

[0080] [Results] The number of new fruits was investigated from March 20th to May 8th, 2023, and the A-grade yield was investigated from April 3rd to June 19th. The results are shown in Table 2 as the cumulative number of fruits from March 20th to May 8th and the cumulative A-grade yield from April 3rd to June 19th.

[0081]

[0082] The cumulative fruit number and cumulative A-grade yield were higher in the near-infrared light irradiation area than in the control area (non-irradiated area). The cumulative A-grade yield was also higher in the near-infrared light irradiation area than in the control area. The disease severity in the near-infrared light irradiation area was significantly lower than that in the control area. No differences in growth or fruit quality were observed between the test areas.

[0083] The method for producing solanaceous plants, the method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and the device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants of the present invention can effectively prevent a decrease in fruit yield of solanaceous plants, and therefore can be used in the cultivation of solanaceous plants.

[0084] 1...Fruit yield reduction prevention device 11...Light source 12...Support board 13...Cultivation management work cart 14...Control unit 15...Power supply unit 17...Wheels 18...Vehicle speed sensor 19...Axle 20...Work seat 21...Seat 22...Handrail 24...Driving operation unit 25...Main switch L...Length in the moving direction of the light source V...Moving speed of the light source T1...Plant (Solanaceae plant)

Claims

1. Near-infrared light containing wavelengths of 800 to 1000 nm is applied to cultivated solanaceous plants at an irradiance of X (W / m ２ ) and irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000 2. The method for producing a solanaceous plant according to claim 1, further comprising a cultivation management step of carrying out cultivation management work for the solanaceous plant, wherein the step of preventing a decrease in fruit yield is carried out at the same time as the cultivation management step.

3. The irradiance X (W / m) of the solanaceous plant is calculated from information on the moving speed of the light source that irradiates the solanaceous plant with the near-infrared light and information on the length of the light source in the moving direction. ２ 3. The method for producing a Solanaceae plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein X×Y is adjusted so as to satisfy the condition of formula 4: X×Y<9000.

4. When the moving speed of the light source irradiating the solanaceous plant with the near-infrared light becomes zero, the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X x Y is 9000 W·s / m ２ The method for producing a solanaceous plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the irradiation of the near-infrared light is stopped before the temperature reaches or exceeds the temperature.

5. For cultivated solanaceous plants, near-infrared light containing wavelengths of 800 to 1000 nm is applied at an irradiance of X (W / m ２ A method for preventing a decrease in fruit yield of a solanaceous plant, comprising irradiating the plant by adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so that the irradiance and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000 6. A near-infrared light irradiation means for irradiating a solanaceous plant under cultivation with near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and an irradiance X (W / m ２ and a near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means for adjusting at least one of the irradiance and the irradiation time so that the irradiance Y(s) and the irradiation time Y(s) satisfy all of the disease control conditions of the following formulas 1 to 3 and the condition of the following formula 4. －１．８７３ ≧Y≧5901.9X －１．８５６ Formula 2: X≧1 Formula 3: Y≧0.01 Formula 4: X×Y<9000 7. A fruit yield reduction prevention device as described in claim 6, further comprising a cultivation management operation means for carrying out cultivation management operations for the solanaceous plants, wherein the near-infrared light irradiation means and the near-infrared light radiation amount adjustment means are mounted on the cultivation management operation means.

8. A fruit yield reduction prevention device as described in claim 7, wherein the near-infrared light irradiation means is a light source that irradiates near-infrared light having a wavelength of 800 to 1000 nm, and the cultivation management work means is a cultivation management work cart equipped with the light source.

9. The near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means acquires information on the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant and information on the length of the near-infrared light irradiating means in the moving direction, and calculates the irradiance X (W / m) relative to the solanaceous plant from the information on the moving speed and the information on the length in the moving direction. ２ 8. The device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the ratio X×Y is adjusted to satisfy the condition of formula 4: X×Y<9000.

10. The near-infrared light radiation amount adjusting means adjusts the integrated light amount calculated from the integrated value of X x Y to 9000 W·s / m when the moving speed of the near-infrared light irradiating means relative to the solanaceous plant becomes zero. ２ The device for preventing a decrease in fruit yield according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a function of stopping the irradiation of the near-infrared light irradiating means before the above-mentioned condition is reached.

Images