Washing procedure and flow-through type measuring device

Abstract

A washing procedure with washing medium, in the course of which the parameters of washing are measured using measuring instruments and recorded on the storage medium of a digital regulator, with the parameters of previous washes also recorded on the digital storage medium, and the washing being performed in accordance with the instructions of the regulator such that the regulator uses the data of the storage medium during its operation. The steps of the procedure are the following: L1) the initial data of the washing procedure (K) are determined based on previous washing processes, which are entered in the regulating device, and which data are primarily the following: a lower threshold value of the saturation of the washing medium (A), its lower limit (E1), its first intermediate value (E2), its second intermediate value (E3), its upper limit (E4), its upper threshold value (F), and, optionally, the basic values of the quantity of the washed product, the quantity of the clean washing medium, the quantity of the contaminated washing medium, the flow rate, temperature and pressure of the washing medium, and the estimated duration of the washing steps, L2) in the course of recording the data of the clean washing medium, clean washing medium is passed through a flow-through type measuring device, with which the zeroed data of the clean washing medium (T0) are established, and these are then recorded on the digital storage medium, L3) the partially contaminated washing medium used previously in the washing is also used, and is also passed through the flow-through type measuring device, with which the zeroed (H0) data of the used washing medium are established, and these are then also recorded in the digital storage medium, L4) the washing is started, upon starting of which the previously recorded initial data (K) are used, with real-time measurements performed during the washing to determine the real-time data of the washing medium, the data fed into the regulator, with the help of which the data are analysed and the saturation (T) of the washing medium is established, L5) if the saturation (T) of the washing medium decreases to or below a lower threshold value (A), the washing is finished (L6), otherwise the washing is continued until the saturation (T) of the washing medium decreases to or below a lower threshold value (A), when the washing is finished (L6); a spectral sensor measurement procedure is applied using a flow -through type measuring device to measure the washing data. The subject of the patent is a measuring device containing a flow-through type cuvette (11) and a spectral sensor to implement the procedure.

Description

[0001] Washing procedure and flow-through type measuring device

[0002] The subject of the patent is a washing procedure with washing medium, in the course of which the parameters of washing are measured using measuring instruments and recorded on the data carrier of a digital regulator, with the parameters of previous washes also recorded on the digital data carrier, and the washing being performed in accordance with the instructions of the regulator such that the regulator uses the data of the data carrier during its operation. An additional subject of the patent is a flow-through type measuring device.

[0003] The greatest deficiency of the current washing processes is that no data are supplied on the changes that occur during the washing process, therefore the conclusions that can be drawn cannot be fed back into the control of the washing process, and the latter cannot be optimised.

[0004] If the measurement of the washing medium supplies information, for example, on the degree of contamination, temperature, spectral characteristics, etc. of the washing medium, the pattern described by these data can be efficiently used to optimise the washing process. If the data of the previous washing cycles are stored in a software / system accessible way, then the typical or specific reaction of the system (a characterisation based on previous data, continuously renewed) may be used to further optimise the washing process. For example, if the mass of the products to be washed and the type-specific properties of their materials are known, then these input data, supplemented by the measurement information already obtained form the washing programmes run previously, i.e. the entire system, especially the reaction of the washing medium, become easier to model, enabling optimal regulation of the current washing programme’s run. This targeted measurement method also provides data to allow a process regulation running with optimal resource use and washing results become a selflearning system, even using its actual implementation being described analytically (with formulae and equation systems) or on a computerised basis (Machine Learning, Al).

[0005] The current washing systems run fixed programmes, while no two washing tasks are exactly the same. The level of contamination of the objects to be washed is variable, therefore, to achieve the desired washing results, current systems offer several predetermined programmes for the user to choose from, and from which the choice is made individually, based on the user’ s considerations and experience.

[0006] Efficiency and economical operation are fundamental expectations both in the household and industrial environments. The structure of the current systems is nevertheless based on average data gained from experience, with user-selectable programmes. Resulting from the mathematical nature of averaging, in case of conventional methods either the washing lasts longer than the required duration, consuming more detergent than necessary, or the process does not last long enough, leaving the equipment or material to be washed contaminated.

[0007] A conventional washing machine and control method are described in patent publication document no. EP3722484A1. In the course of the procedure, the properties of the detergent are digitally recorded, a washing procedure is selected, the quantity of the washed product is measured, the necessary detergent quantity is calculated, the detergent is fed into the detergent doser, water and detergent are fed in, and the preselected washing procedure is run. From the perspective of our study, a similar procedure and equipment to implement it are described in patent publication document no. US2021062384A1, according to which, the quantity and type of the washed product are determined in advance, followed by a detergent dosage value, with the help of which a detergent dosage mode is selected, then the necessary detergent and water quantities are calculated, and the detergent and the water are dosed during washing based on these.

[0008] Patent publication document no. WO2019109958A1 describes a detergent dosing method, in the course of which the washing machine is started, then the water pressure, feed water flow rate and the quantity of detergent fed in over unit of time are adjusted, and the washing process is started based on these initial measurements.

[0009] The disadvantage of the methods described is therefore that the washing procedure is run according to predetermined data and programmes, and the parameters of the washing procedure are not measured during the wash, and the circumstances of the washing procedure cannot be regulated in real time as a consequence.

[0010] None of the known washing methods, procedures and equipment apply flow-through type spectroscopic measurement devices or procedures, which would be particularly suitable to determine the real-time parameters of the washing process, thereby regulating the washing process in real time. The known methods are therefore only suitable for control, i.e. are only able to execute the process according to a predefined programme, and are not suitable for regulation, when the washing process is modified by feedback of data obtained during the procedure.

[0011] Our objective is to eliminate the above disadvantage of the known washing methods and to determine the real-time parameters of the washing process, thereby regulating the washing process in real time.

[0012] A further objective is the further optimisation of the washing process by the storage of the data of the previous washing cycles.

[0013] As the heavy contamination of the product to be washed can be efficiently reduced by using the contaminated washing medium used previously, our objective also extends to reusing the already contaminated washing medium, significantly reducing the use of clean washing medium in the washing process.

[0014] The development of this invention was the consequence of the recognition that if the washing procedure is monitored from beginning to end by measuring the properties of the washing medium, then the decisions related to the duration of the wash and the consumption of the washing medium used may be determined based on real-time measurements, as a result of which a washing procedure of optimal run, result and resource consumption can be realised, using the necessary minimum of clean washing medium, the procedure lasting the minimally required time, with the reuse of the contaminated washing medium also being implemented optimally.

[0015] A further recognition is that the real-time determination of the characteristics of the washing procedure can be executed with excellent precision using a flow-through type measuring device and a spectral measuring instrument, achieving the optimal regulation of the process. The solution of the target task is presented by the washing procedure specified in claim 1 and the flow-through type measuring device specified in claim 10. The preferable variants of the solution are presented by the procedure and device described in dependent claims 2-9 and 11-14.

[0016] Hereinafter, the invention is introduced in greater detail with the help of its sample implementation variants presented in the attached drawings. In the drawings,

[0017] Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the procedure according to the invention,

[0018] Figure 2 is the block diagram of one of the steps of the procedure,

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of the flow-through type measuring device

[0020] For the composition of the washing medium, we determine the following: As washing medium, clean detergent or a mixture of detergent and water is used, where “detergent” may mean any usual household or industrial detergent, the term extended to include the solvents, bases, acids and the like used in such processes.

[0021] In the course of the washing process, measurements of the washing medium specific to the final objective are performed, and these are analysed based on the criteria of the objective. The measurement data are collected, and comparing these with the data collected previously, a pattern is sought for optimising the process. The pattern located is then used for the subsequent washing processes such that interventions are made into their processes based on a number of aspects. We strive to implement the washing process using the least possible clean washing medium within the shortest possible time, and to make the best possible use of the possibility of using the contaminated washing medium, i.e. the contaminated washing medium is continuously reused until its maximum saturation is reached, from where it is no longer usable for further washes. The flow-through type measuring device collects data during its operation through continuous measurements of the state and saturation of the washing medium, and by analysing these data, the regulation and control of the washing process is effected. To execute measurements, the washing medium flows into the measuring device through an inlet branch, which flows through a cuvette 11, and is transilluminated by a radiation source 12, and the spectral sensor 14 on the other side of the cuvette 11 detects the spectral characteristics of the washing medium. The measurement data are analysed by a purpose-developed software, as a result of which the optimisation of the washing process is performed continuously. The washing medium exits the measuring device through its exit branch. The flow of the washing medium is continuous, and not intermittent in the measuring device, therefore the measurement can be executed anytime during the process. The state of the washing medium, the interpretation of the spectral data and the decisions of regulation / control are determined by the software, based on the algorithms determined previously.

[0022] The execution of the washing procedure is demonstrated using the example below:

[0023] In the procedure, the washing medium used is a mixture of water and detergent. The parameters of the wash are measured using a flow-through type measuring device and recorded on the data carrier of a digital regulator, with the parameters of previous washes also recorded on the digital data carrier, and the washing being performed in accordance with the instructions of the regulator such that the regulator uses the data of the data carrier during its operation. As the LI first step, the K initial data of the washing procedure are determined based on data of previous washing processes, which are entered into the regulating device. The K initial data are an A lower threshold value, an El lower limit, an E2 first intermediate value, an E3 second intermediate value, an E4 upper limit and an F upper threshold value of the saturation of the washing medium. The K initial data include the quantity and quality of the washed product, the quantity of the clean washing medium, the quantity of the contaminated washing medium, the flow rate, temperature and basic pressure value of the washing medium and the estimated duration of the washing steps.

[0024] A spectral sensor measurement procedure is applied using a flow-through type measuring device to measure the washing data.

[0025] In the course of recording the data of the washing medium, clean washing medium consisting of clean water and clean detergent is passed through a flow-through type measuring device in step L2, with which the TO zeroed data of the clean washing medium are established, and these are then recorded on the digital data carrier.

[0026] The measurement of the clean washing medium is a zeroing process, with which the measuring device is calibrated before each washing. Failing to calibrate results in false data due to the possible contamination of the measuring device.

[0027] As the partially contaminated washing medium used previously in the washing is also used, the washing medium used in step L3 is also passed through the flow-through type measuring device, thereby establishing the zeroed (HO) data of the used washing medium, likewise recorded in the digital data carrier,

[0028] The measurement of the contaminated washing medium is an important step to determine whether to start the procedure using clean or contaminated washing medium. Based on the data of the washing task entered and the current measurement of the contaminated washing medium, the applied algorithm is able to decide whether the contaminated washing medium is suitable to decrease the level of contamination of the system instead of increasing it.

[0029] The washing is started in step L4, upon starting which the previously recorded K initial data are used, with real-time measurements performed during the washing to determine the realtime data of the washing medium, the data fed into the regulator, with the help of which the data are analysed and the saturation T of the washing medium is established.

[0030] In step L5, if the saturation T of the washing medium decreases to or below a lower threshold value A, the washing is stopped in step L6, otherwise the washing is continued until the saturation T of the washing medium decreases to or below the lower threshold value A, when the washing is completed in step L6;

[0031] In the course of executing step L5, if the saturation of the washing medium T is above the lower threshold value A, the washing procedure is continued while real-time data are measured such that the real-time data are continuously compared to the zeroed data of the clean washing medium TO and the zeroed data of the used washing medium HO.

[0032] Step L5 is performed based on the correlation between the real time saturation T of the washing medium and the A, El, E2, E3, E4 and F values determined in step LI, as follows: L5a) if the saturation T of the washing medium is equal to or greater than the lower limit El and less than the first intermediate value E2, then used washing medium is added and the washing procedure is continued,

[0033] L5b) if the saturation T of the washing medium is equal to or greater than the first intermediate value E2, but lower than the second intermediate value E3, then a mixture of used washing medium and clean washing medium is added and the washing procedure is continued.

[0034] L5c) if the saturation T of the washing medium is equal to or greater than the second intermediate value E3, but lower than the upper limit E4, then clean washing medium is added and the washing procedure is continued,

[0035] L5d) if the saturation T of the washing medium reaches or exceeds an upper threshold value F, the washing medium is replaced by clean washing medium, and the washing procedure is continued,

[0036] If, in the course of executing any of the steps L5a, L5b, L5c or L5d, the saturation T of the washing medium should decrease to or below the lower threshold value A, then in step L6, the washing procedure is finished, if not, then, depending on the saturation T of the washing medium, the washing procedure is continued with one of the steps L5a, L5b, L5c or L5d.

[0037] The measurements during the washing process are therefore performed continuously or with a frequency sufficient to approximate continuity to a satisfactory degree, in order to trace the increase of the level of contamination of the washing medium. The necessarily sufficient frequency results from the system’s measurement, data processing and regulation inertia. The increase of the contamination of the washing medium traces a curve, which will flatten out over a certain period of time, i.e. the changes in the washing medium over unit of time will become less significant. If the degree of contamination of the washing medium is higher than the desired value, the washing is continued, depending on the degree of excess. If the value only exceeds the desired level by a small margin, we may decide to replace part of the circulated contaminated washing medium with clean washing medium and continue washing; if, however, the difference is far greater, then, after measuring the collected contaminated washing medium, if still suitable, it may be used to run one more washing cycle, or the washing may be continued using clean medium. These decisions are made by algorithms, based on their basic models and the data collected during the washing cycles.

[0038] In a further sample procedure, the washing process is therefore executed such that a measurement curve is plotted from the saturation T values of the washing medium, in case of whose slow increase (flattening) or stagnation, the washing procedure is stopped.

[0039] In a procedure according to another example, in case of the slow increase (flattening) or stagnation of the measurement curve, an additional intervention is effected, e.g. the temperature and / or pressure and / or flow rate of the washing medium is increased or other mechanical agitation is performed, e.g. the washed product is vibrated using ultrasound.

[0040] In executing the procedure, the flow rate of the washing medium with respect to the washed product is modified by moving the washing medium, for example, by causing it to flow with a pump relative to the washed product. In other cases, the product to be washed is moved about in effectively stationary washing medium, e.g. by rotating in a rotary drum. In an ideal scenario, the washing medium is also flowed and the product to be washed is also moved about. In the procedure, the flow-through type measuring device shown in figure 2 is used, which includes a transparent flow-through type cuvette 11, through which the measured washing medium is passed and the cuvette 11 is transilluminated with an electromagnetic radiation source 12. A spectral sensor 14 is positioned opposite the radiation source 12, detecting the data of the washing medium, preferably the concentrations of the water and the detergent in the washing medium, and the saturation T of the washing medium. A printed circuit 13 is connected to the spectral sensor 14, with which the data measured by the spectral sensor 14 are recorded and evaluated, and the steps of the washing process are regulated based on this evaluation.

[0041] The cuvette 11 is a quartz cuvette, whose internal diameter forms the measurement thickness R, to which the layer thickness of the passing washing medium is reduced for optimal measurement. The cuvette 11 is equipped with an inlet and outlet 15 to connect to the piping 16 constructed for the flow of the washing medium.

[0042] The spectral sensor 14 used in the procedure is a transmission or reflectance spectrophotometer, where the electromagnetic radiation source 12 is the spectrophotometer’s own radiation source. The spectrophotometer measures the wavelength distribution (spectrum) of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the cuvette 11, and the results of the measurement are expressed in one of known formats, such as the CIE Lab, CIEXYZ or Hunter Lab, sRGB, eciRGB, CIE RGB and DCLP3. The spectral sensor 14 is calibrated to determine the T, A, El, E2, E3, E4 and F saturation values of the washing medium.

[0043] The referenced color charts are the following:

[0044] CIE Lab is a color chart determined by International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated CIE),

[0045] CIEXYZ is a color chart determined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931,

[0046] Hunter Lab is a color chart determined by Richard S. Hunter in 1848, sRGB is a RGB (red, green, blue) color chart developed by Microsoft in cooperation in 1996, eciRGB is a color chart determined in the European Union’s directive on the classification of colours,

[0047] CIE RGB is a color chart determined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931,

[0048] DCI-P3 is an RGB color chart developed as part of the Digital Cinema Initiative directive, developed by Apple in 2005.

[0049] The electromagnetic radiation source 12 of the spectrophotometer is a UV-VIS-IR (Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy) system LED.

[0050] In summary, therefore, the flow-through type measuring device shown in figure 2 includes a flow-through type, transparent cuvette 11, with an electromagnetic radiation source 12 on one side of the cuvette 11, a spectral sensor 14 positioned opposite the radiation source 12, calibrated to determine the T, A, El, E2, E3, E4 and F saturation values of the washing medium. A printed circuit 13 is connected to the spectral sensor 14. The cuvette 11 of the measuring device is a quartz cuvette, whose internal diameter forms the measurement thickness R. Furthermore, the measuring device is also equipped with stub pipes 15 to connect to the piping 16 constructed for the flow of the washing medium. The spectral sensor 14 of the measuring device is a transmission or reflectance spectrophotometer, and the electromagnetic radiation source 12 is the spectrophotometer’s own radiation source. The printed circuit 13 is the recipient circuit of the wavelength distribution (spectrum) of the electromagnetic radiation passed through the cuvette 11, measured by the spectral sensor 14, expressing the measurement result in a known format. Furthermore, the electromagnetic radiation source 12 is a UV-VIS-IR system LED.

[0051] The advantage of our invention is that the measuring device supports the process by continuous measurement and feedback, allowing us to influence it based on predetermined economic and quality criteria. In our procedure, this influence has been optimised by measurements, which provide information on how and when exactly the washing medium should be changed, further washing steps should be started, and eventually, the washing should be stopped. In summary, each washing process uses the necessary amount of washing medium, lasting for the necessary duration. Furthermore, the contaminated washing medium can be efficiently used to execute further washing cycles, which may be realised by measuring the degree of saturation of the contaminated medium. The multiple use of the contaminated washing medium represents a step towards the green economy.

Claims

Claims:

1. A washing procedure with washing medium, in the course of which the parameters of washing are measured using measuring instruments and recorded on the storage medium of a digital regulator, with the parameters of previous washes also recorded on the digital storage medium, and the washing being performed in accordance with the instructions of the regulator in such a way that the regulator uses the data of the storage medium during its operation, characterised in thatLI) the initial data of the washing procedure (K) are determined based on previous washing processes, which are entered in the regulating device, and which data are primarily a lower threshold value of the saturation of the washing medium (A), its lower limit (El), its first intermediate value (E2), its second intermediate value (E3), its upper limit (E4), its upper threshold value (F), and, optionally, the basic values of the quantity of the washed product, the quantity of the clean washing medium, the quantity of the contaminated washing medium, the flow rate, temperature and pressure of the washing medium, and the estimated duration of the washing steps,L2) in the course of recording the data of the clean washing medium, clean washing medium is passed through a flow-through type measuring device, with which the zeroed data of the clean washing medium (TO) are established, and these are then recorded on the digital storage medium,L3) the partially contaminated washing medium used previously in the washing is also used, and is also passed through the flow-through type measuring device, with which the zeroed (HO) data of the used washing medium are established, and these are then also recorded in the digital storage medium,L4) the washing is started, upon starting of which the previously recorded initial data (K) are used, with real-time measurements performed during the washing to determine the real-time data of the washing medium, the data fed into the regulator, with the help of which the data are analysed and the saturation (T) of the washing medium is established,L5) if the saturation (T) of the washing medium decreases to or below a lower threshold value (A), the washing is finished (L6), otherwise the washing is continued until the saturation (T) of the washing medium decreases to or below a lower threshold value (A), when the washing is finished (L6); a spectral sensor measurement procedure is applied using a flow-through type measuring device to measure the washing data.The washing procedure according to claim 1, characterised in that in the course of executing step L5), if the saturation of the washing medium (T) is above the lower threshold value (A), the washing is continued while real-time data are measured in such a way that the real-time data are continuously compared to the zeroed data of the clean washing medium (TO) and the zeroed data of the used washing medium (HO), andL5a) if the saturation (T) of the washing medium is equal to or greater than a lower limit (El) and less than a first intermediate value (E2), then used washing medium is added and the washing procedure is continued,L5b) if the saturation of the washing medium (T) is equal to or greater than the first intermediate value (E2), but lower than a second intermediate value (E3), then a mixture of used washing medium and clean washing medium is added and the washing procedure is continued,L5c) if the saturation (T) of the washing medium is equal to or greater than the second intermediate value (E3), but lower than an upper limit (E4), then clean washing medium is added and the washing procedure is continued,L5d) if the saturation (T) of the washing medium reaches or exceeds an upper threshold value (F), the washing medium is replaced by clean washing medium, and the washing procedure is continued,L6) if, in the course of executing any of the steps L5a, L5b, L5c or L5d, the saturation (T) of the washing medium should decrease to or below the lower threshold value (A), then the washing procedure is finished, if not, then, depending on the saturation (T) of the washing medium, the washing procedure is continued with one of the steps L5a, L5b, L5c or L5d.

3. The washing procedure according to claims 1 or 2, characterised in that a measurement curve is plotted from the saturation values of the washing medium (T), in case of a slow increase (flattening) or stagnation of which the washing procedure is finished (L6).

4. The washing procedure according to claims 1 or 2, characterised in that a measurement curve is plotted from the saturation values of the washing medium (T), in case of a slow increase (flattening) or stagnation of which an additional intervention is effected, e.g. the temperature and / or pressure and / or flow rate of the washing medium is increased and / or other mechanical agitation is performed, e.g. the washed product is vibrated using ultrasound.

5. The washing procedure according to claim 4, characterised in that the flow rate of the washing medium with respect to the washed product is modified by moving the washing medium, for example, by causing it to flow relative to the washed product using a pump, or the product to be washed is moved in stationary washing medium, e.g. rotated in a rotary drum; or both the washing medium and the product to be washed are moved.

6. The washing procedure according to any of the claims 1 -5, characterised in that the flow- through type measuring device used in the spectral sensor measurement procedure contains a flow-through cuvette (11), through which the measured washing medium is passed, and the cuvette (11) is transilluminated using an electromagnetic radiation source (12) with the spectral sensor (14) positioned opposite the radiation source (12), with which the data of the washing medium, preferably the concentrations of water and detergent in the washing medium, where the said detergent is a household or industrial detergent, solvent, base, acid or the like, and the saturation (T) of the washing medium are detected, and a printed circuit (13) is coupled with the spectral sensor (14), with which the data measured by the spectral sensor (14) are recorded and evaluated, and the steps of the washing process are regulated based on the said evaluation.

7. The washing procedure according to claim 6, characterised in that the cuvette (11) is a quartz cuvette, which reduces the layer thickness of the passing washing medium to the measurement thickness (R).

8. The washing procedure according to claims 6 or 7, characterised in that the spectral sensor (14) is a transmission or reflectance spectrophotometer, the electromagnetic radiationsource (12) is the spectrophotometer’s own radiation source; the spectrophotometer measures the wavelength distribution (spectrum) of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the cuvette (11), and the results of the measurement are expressed in one of the known formats, such as CIE Lab, CIEXYZ or Hunter Lab, sRGB, eciRGB, CIE RGB and DCLP3, the spectral sensor (14) being calibrated to determine the saturation values of the washing medium (T, A, El, E2, E3, E4 and F), with the help of which the saturation values of the washing medium (T, A, El, E2, E3, E4 and F) are determined.

9. A washing procedure according to any of the claims 6-8, characterised in that the electromagnetic radiation source (12) is a UV-VIS-IR LED.

10. A flow-through type measuring device for a washing procedure, characterised in that it includes a flow-through type, transparent cuvette (11), with an electromagnetic radiation source (12) on one side of the cuvette (11) and a spectral sensor (14) positioned opposite the radiation source (12), the said spectral sensor (14) being equipped with a printed circuit (13) and the said spectral sensor (14) being calibrated to determine the saturation values (T, A, El, E2, E3, E4 and F) of the washing medium.

11. A flow-through type measuring device according to claim 10, characterised in that the cuvette (11) is a quartz cuvette, whose flow-through dimension is identical to the measurement thickness (R), and is equipped with an inlet and outlet (15) to connect to the piping (16) constructed for the circulation of the washing medium.

12. The flow-through type measuring device according to claims 10 or 11, characterised in that the spectral sensor (14) is a transmission or reflectance spectrophotometer and the electromagnetic radiation source (12) is the own radiation source of the spectrophotometer.

13. A flow-through type measuring device according to any of the claims 10-12, characterised in that the printed circuit (13) is the circuit receiving the wavelength distribution (spectrum) of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the cuvette (11), measured by the spectral sensor (14), and the result of the measurement is expressed in a known format, for example, one of CIE Lab, CIEXYZ or Hunter Lab, sRGB, eciRGB, CIE RGB and DCLP3.

14. A flow-through type measuring device according to any of the claims 10-13, characterised in that the electromagnetic radiation source (12) is a UV-VIS-IR LED.

Images