Hybrid steam-diesel engine with water injection system
The hybrid steam-diesel engine with a water injection system addresses inefficiencies in traditional diesel engines by using exhaust heat to generate steam for optimized injection, enhancing efficiency and reducing emissions through a streamlined design.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/IN2025/050654
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-04-23
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-30
AI Technical Summary
Traditional diesel engines face inefficiencies and environmental challenges due to reliance on fossil fuels, and integrating steam power with diesel engines often results in complex systems with separate management of fuel and steam processes, leading to durability and cost issues, as well as inefficiencies in combustion and emissions control.
A hybrid steam-diesel engine with a water injection system that uses exhaust heat to generate steam, which is precisely timed for injection into steam cylinders, combined with optimized diesel fuel injection, to enhance efficiency and reduce emissions, featuring a streamlined design with a single system for both fuels.
The hybrid engine achieves improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions by optimizing the timing and quantity of diesel fuel and steam injection, simplifying the design, and reducing mechanical complexity, making it suitable for various industrial and automotive applications.
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Figure IN2025050654_30102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001]202321072299 HYBRID STEAM‐DIESEL ENGINE WITH WATER INJECTION SYSTEM Field of invention The present invention relates to hybrid steam‐diesel engine with water injection system having a combination of fuel and steam cylinders with 4 strokes and 2 strokes configuration respectively to generate power with high fuel efficiency and low carbon emission, wherein the steam is generated using a waste heat produced by exhaust system. Background of invention Traditional diesel engines are widely used for transportation as well as other industrial usages. However, these engines are inherently limited by their reliance on fossil fuels, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution. Various hybrid technologies have been explored to improve engine efficiency and reduce environmental impact. These include electric hybrids, where an electric motor supplements the internal combustion engine, and thermal hybrids, where alternative energy sources such as steam or waste heat are utilized to increase overall efficiency. Among these, the concept of integrating steam power with traditional internal combustion engines has drawn attention due to its potential to recycle waste heat and reduce fuel consumption. While steam power has historically been central to powering industrial machinery and early locomotives during the Industrial Revolution, it lost prominence with the rise of more compact and efficient internal combustion 202321072299 engines. However, renewed interest in steam power, particularly when combined with diesel technology, has emerged in response to modern challenges such as climate change, dwindling fossil fuel reserves, and stricter environmental regulations demanding cleaner, more efficient engines. Hybrid steam‐diesel engines offer a novel way to improve the efficiency of traditional diesel engines by harnessing waste heat from combustion to generate steam, which then contributes additional power. This approach not only enhances fuel efficiency but also lowers emissions by maximizing the energy extracted from the fuel. Contemporary hybrid engines that integrate steam generation with internal combustion are often complex, expensive, and face challenges in effectively managing two distinct power sources. In many cases, the steam cycle serves a secondary role, focusing on heat recovery rather than functioning as a fully integrated power source. This can lead to inefficient use of the generated steam. Additionally, incorporating steam power into diesel engines presents significant technical hurdles, such as the need for a responsive and dependable system to manage the precise injection of both diesel fuel and steam into their respective cylinders. Achieving the intended gains in efficiency and emissions requires exact control of the timing and quantity of fuel and steam to ensure optimized combustion and steam expansion cycles. The quest to enhance internal combustion engines has led to the development of hybrid systems designed to improve efficiency and lower emissions. Invention disclosed in patent US2791881A describes a combined 202321072299 engine featuring both a diesel and a steam cylinder. This system harnesses the waste heat from the diesel engine to generate steam, which powers an auxiliary steam cylinder. Both cylinders work together, with their pistons connected to a single crankshaft but offset by 180 degrees. The diesel cylinder operates on a standard four‐stroke cycle, while the steam cylinder compresses hot exhaust gases and produces steam during its own two‐stroke cycle. While the cited invention marks a notable step forward in hybrid engine design, it has certain limitations. The integration of a single auxiliary steam cylinder with a diesel cylinder creates a complex system that demands precise synchronization and may still suffer efficiency losses due to the separate management of diesel and steam processes. Additionally, relying on the simultaneous operation of two distinct power sources poses challenges related to durability, maintenance, and cost, especially when scaling the system for industrial or transportation use. With respect to the injection system, patent document US2018223826A1 discloses a dual‐pumping fluid pump designed to minimize vibration and noise. The system features a cam mounted on the rotating shaft of a single electric motor, which drives two diaphragms. Said invention lacks an advanced control assembly that dynamically adjusts injection parameters based on real‐time engine demands. This aspect of control and adaptability is required for maximizing the benefit. Hence, it is needed to overcome problem with traditional diesel or hybrid engines by providing hybrid steam‐diesel engine with water injection 202321072299 system that has precise timing to optimize use of water and fuel for optimum results. The system should eliminate the redundancies and inefficiencies of separate injection systems, presenting a streamlined and potentially more effective solution. Object of Invention The main object of hybrid steam‐diesel engine with water injection system is to overcome the problem of precise timing and delivery of water and other traditional combustion fuel like diesel fuel to achieve optimum efficiency by using steam generated by utilizing heat generated by exhaust gases of combustion process in diesel cylinders. Yet another object of this invention is to improve engine performance across a range of operating conditions, providing adaptability and responsiveness while maintaining high efficiency and power output through precise control of injection timings and quantities. Further object of the present invention is to simplify the engine design by combining the diesel and water injection mechanisms into a single system, thereby reducing mechanical complexity, the number of components, and potential points of failure. Another object of the present invention is to develop a compact and less bulky injection system, facilitating easier integration into a wide variety of diesel engine applications. 202321072299 Another object of the present invention is to provide a versatile solution suitable for various industries, such as automotive, industrial, and stationary power generation, addressing the need for cleaner and more efficient energy systems. Another objective is to promote sustainable power generation by utilizing waste heat, reducing energy losses, and offering an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional power systems. Additionally, this invention strives to advance hybrid power technology by introducing a unique combination of diesel and steam engines, setting it apart from existing methods. These and other objects will be apparent based on the disclosure herein. Summary of invention The present invention relates to hybrid steam‐diesel engine with water injection system that utilizes heat generated by exhaust to convert water in to steam, which is then injected into the steam cylinders to provide additional power, thus improving overall engine efficiency. The said hybrid engine is engine is configured with four in‐line cylinders, where the two outermost cylinders are powered by combustion fuel like diesel, petrol or gasoline and the two innermost cylinders are driven by steam generated from the exhaust gases of the combustion fuel (here preferably diesel) cylinders. The inner steam cylinders are off centered by 8 202321072299 millimeter from the center point of diesel cylinders to improve efficiency of the engine by 45%. The engineʹs core structure is has a crankshaft that converts the linear motion of the pistons into rotational motion, which is then transmitted to the drive‐train. The crankshaft is supported by crankshaft main bearings and secured by crankshaft bearing caps. The diesel cylinders are equipped with pistons that feature oil rings and compression rings for maintaining optimal compression and minimizing oil leakage, ensuring efficient combustion. These pistons are connected to the crankshaft via diesel process connecting rods. The steam cylinders, positioned between the diesel cylinders, are equipped with specialized water system pistons that are similarly connected to the crankshaft through water process connecting rods. These steam pistons designed specifically for using a steam generated from water that is heated by the exhaust gases from the diesel cylinders. These steam pistons have notch for inter connecting stem cylinders with introducing slit between both steam cylinders in block. The steam is injected into the cylinders through a sophisticated water injection system, which includes Water Injectors precisely timed to ensure optimal steam delivery for maximum power output. The hybrid engineʹs fuel injection system is designed to independently manage the injection of combustion fuel and water. Diesel injectors deliver fuel to the diesel cylinders, while Water Injectors deliver water to the steam cylinders. The timing and quantity of fuel and water injection are controlled by camshaft specifically designed for said hybrid engine. The exhaust 202321072299 manifold, inlet manifold and air filters are designed to efficiently manage the intake of air while filtering of air for dust removal, and the expulsion of exhaust gases, facilitating the seamless conversion of exhaust heat into steam. Essential components, such as the oil pressure pump, oil cooler, and oil filter assembly, ensure that the engineʹs moving parts are adequately lubricated and cooled, contributing to the engineʹs longevity and reliability. The crankshaft pulley and belt tensioner pulley are integral to the engineʹs drive system, ensuring that components such as the water pump and alternator are driven consistently. The hybrid engine operates by combining fuel combustion and steam generation to deliver efficiency and performance beyond that of traditional internal combustion engines. By innovatively utilizing exhaust energy to produce steam, the engine significantly lowers overall fuel consumption and emissions. This makes it a highly suitable option for applications requiring high efficiency, such as in the automotive, industrial, and power generation sectors. The hybrid steam‐diesel engine with water injection system provides multiple benefits to the end users which are described in the following pages of specification. 202321072299 Brief description of drawings Other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the present embodiment when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 illustrates a cross section along with exploded view of engine head from the front. Fig. 2 illustrates a cross section along with exploded view of engine head from the side. Fig. 3 illustrates a cross section along with exploded view of engine head. Fig. 3a illustrates a combined view of a steam‐diesel engine. Fig. 4 illustrates a cross section along with exploded view of water pump from the front. Fig. 5 illustrates a cross section along with exploded view of water pump from the side. Fig. 6 illustrates a cross section along with exploded view of water pump from the top. Fig. 6a illustrates a top view of an Engine head (56) without cover. 202321072299 Fig. 7 illustrates an isometric side view of a crank shaft along with crank shaft bearing and cap. Fig. 8 illustrates a piston assembly for diesel chamber along with ring and lock pin. Fig. 9 illustrates a piston head for water chamber along with rings and lock pin. Fig. 10 illustrates components of lubrication mechanism comprising an oil chamber and sump gasket, an oil sump strainer, oil filter assembly, oil cooler, filter ring and pipe and oil pressure pump. Fig. 11 illustrates a crank shaft gear, crank shaft pulley, crankshaft oil seal, and flywheel. Fig. 12 illustrates a water pump, crankshaft inner pulley, belt tensioner pulley, idler pulley. Fig. 13 illustrates a connecting rod, connecting rod cap and bearing. Fig. 14 illustrates an auto inlet manifold along with Main Bolt of Head. Fig. 15 illustrates an inlet manifold and air filter and Exhaust Manifold. Fig. 16 illustrates a diesel injector and a Water Injector. Fig. 16a illustrates an exploded view of a Water Injector along with over view of its components. 202321072299 Fig. 16b illustrates detailed view of individual components of a Water Injector. Fig. 16c illustrates the heating chamber for utilizing exhaust heat to convert water into steam. Fig. 16d illustrates the water spray positioned inside the heating chamber that sprays the water which converts into steam. Fig. 17 illustrates a Valve Spring, Lock Spring, Valve Guide, Valve Spring Retainer, Valve Spring Cap and Wiser and Nut. Fig. 18 illustrates various kinds of valves including an Inlet Valve, an Exhaust Valve, a Steam Valve, an Auto Inlet Valve and a Silencer Valve. Fig. 18a illustrates a valve configuration and placement in respective cylinders in engine head Fig. 19 illustrates over view of a tappet cover. Fig. 20 illustrates an exploded view of a delivery valve. Fig. 21 illustrates an exploded view of a pump plunger. Fig. 22 illustrates an exploded view of a Non‐Return Valve and Cap. Fig. 23 illustrates a pump plunger and barrel control assembly. 202321072299 Fig. 24 illustrates an exploded view of a plunger return spring (Non‐Return Spring) and a non‐return spring. Fig. 25 illustrates a water fuel pressure control pump. Fig. 26 illustrates an exploded view of components of water fuel pressure control pump. Fig. 27 illustrates perspective side view of a fuel water pump pipe with nut. Fig. 28 illustrates perspective side view of both types of tappet assembly with control spring. Fig. 29 illustrates perspective side view of a control rack and control rack adjust segment. Fig. 30 illustrates perspective side view of a Camshaft of Water‐Fuel Pump along with gear of water‐fuel pump camshaft, end‐plate and bearing. Fig. 31 illustrates perspective side view of a Camshaft of head tapper assembly and gear of Camshaft of head tapper assembly. Fig. 32 illustrates perspective side view of a control rack breaker. Fig. 33 illustrates perspective side view of a gear shaft, a gear, and a double tapper cam. 202321072299 Fig. 34 illustrates an exploded view of an automatic adjust power supply assembly along with its components. Fig. 35 illustrates perspective side view of a water pressure fuel pump assembly with banjo bolt. Fig. 36 illustrates perspective side view of a pump pulley and a water pressure fuel pump stand. Fig. 37 illustrates perspective side view and exploded view of a control rack power supply assembly along with component. Fig. 38 illustrates a side view of camshaft along with points associated with opening and closing of valves. Fig. 39 illustrates a diagram of degrees corresponding to opening and closing of the respective fuel valves. Fig. 40 illustrates a diagram of degrees corresponding to opening and closing of the respective steam valves. Detailed Description of Invention Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompany drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiment, as depicted in different figures as described above and of being practiced or carried out in a 202321072299 variety of ways. It is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. It is to be also understood that the term ʺcomprisesʺ and grammatical equivalents thereof are used herein to mean that other components, ingredients, steps, etc. are optionally present. For example, an article ʺcomprisingʺ (or ʺwhich comprisesʺ) components A, B, and C can consist of (i.e., contain only) components A, B, and C, or can contain not only components A, B, and C but also contain one or more other components. Accordingly, the invention expressly should not be limited to such exemplary embodiments illustrating some possible non‐limiting combination of features that may exist alone or in other combinations of features; the scope of the invention being defined by the claims appended hereto As shown in Fig. 1, it illustrates an exploded view of Engine head. The Crankshaft (1’), which is the central component of the engine, transforms the pistonsʹ linear motion into rotational motion, which is subsequently transferred to the drive‐train. In order to have smooth operation and longevity under high load situations, the crankshaft is supported by Crankshaft Main Bearings (2’) and fastened by crankshaft bearing caps (3’). In order to maintain ideal compression and minimize oil leakage, the diesel cylinders are fitted with pistons (8’) that have compression rings (10) and oil rings (9) to ensure effective combustion. Diesel process connecting rods (34), which are positioned especially to withstand the tremendous forces produced during diesel combustion, are used to link these pistons to the crankshaft. 202321072299 With respect to Fig. 1 and as shown in Fig. 2, the engine uses two different kinds of pistons: the steam cylinders use pistons (13) specifically designed for steam cylinders and the diesel cylinders use pistons (8’). These pistons have Compression Rings (10) and Oil Rings (9) to keep the cylinders well sealed, reduce leakage, and facilitates effective compression. The pistons are fastened to the connecting rods by the Piston Pin (11) and Piston Pin Lock (12), which makes it easier for the pistons to deliver force to the crankshaft. With respect to Fig. 1 specialized water system pistons (13) that are similarly connected to the crankshaft via water process connecting rods (35), are installed in the steam cylinders, which are situated in between the diesel cylinders. The steam cylinders are off centered by 8 millimeter from the center point of diesel cylinders to improve efficiency of the engine by 45% compared to a parallel centre. The diameter of the steam cylinders is 16 mm more than diesel cylinders. The steam cylinder have diameter of 91 mm while diesel cylinders have 75 mm of diameter. The steam produced from water heated by the diesel engine exhaust gasses powers these steam pistons. A complex water injection system, comprising water Injectors (44) that are precisely timed to provide optimal steam delivery for maximum power production, injects the steam into the cylinders. A side view of the steam diesel hybrid engine is shown in FIG. 2, emphasizing how important parts are integrated and arranged within the engine assembly. The piston and crankshaft arrangement of the engine, along with the related cooling and oil systems that are essential to its functioning, 202321072299 are clearly shown in this image. The piston (8’), which transforms the energy from steam expansion or diesel combustion into mechanical motion, is seen at the top of the picture. A Piston Pin (11) connects the piston to the Connecting Rod (34) and transfers the pistonʹs linear motion to the crankshaftʹs rotating motion. An exploded view of the steam diesel hybrid engineʹs Engine head (56) assembly is shown in FIG. 3, which also offers a full arrangement of the parts that control the engineʹs intake, combustion, and exhaust processes. The Tappet Cover (56a), which encloses the top of the Engine head (56) and keeps the valve train components lubricated and free of impurities, is seen at the top of the picture. The camshaft (46) is visible beneath the tappet cover (56a) and is in charge of precisely timing the intake and exhaust valves. A timing mechanism (not visible) connects the camshaft to the engineʹs crankshaft, facilitating synchronized operation with the engineʹs pistons and connecting rods. Fig. 3a provides holistic view of a whole steam‐diesel engine (Shown in exploded view in Fig. 1, 2 and 3) when assembled. The hybrid diesel and water‐injecting pump, shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 incorporating different viewing angels, comprises several key components to efficiently manage the injection of diesel and water into their respective cylinders. At its core is the Pump Plunger (58), engineered for precise fuel delivery across varying engine loads and speeds. Working alongside it, the Delivery Valve (57) ensures diesel is injected at the ideal 202321072299 pressure for combustion. To maintain system integrity, the Non‐Return Valve and Cap (59) prevents diesel backflow, while the Pump Plunger and Barrel Control Assembly (60) regulates the plungerʹs motion for accurate fuel metering. As shown in Fig. 6a, a slit (3’a) is introduced between the two steam cylinders. The depth of slit will be 8 mm preferably, to facilitate the stem transfer to maintain balanced pressure and mitigate any chances of unequal steam distribution. It can also be seen that steam cylinders are out‐centered by 8 mm from center line of the diesel cylinders to improve efficiency of engine by 45%. As shown in Fig. 7, crankshaft (1’) along with Crank Shaft Main Bearings (2’) and crank shaft bearing cap (3’) are used to securely lock the Crank Shaft (1’) in place, while allowing the rotation of the Crank Shaft (1’) in accordance with piston assembly. As shown in Fig. 8, the piston (8’) is connected to the Connecting Rod (34) through a Piston Pin (11), which transfers the pistonʹs linear motion into the rotating motion of the crankshaft. The pistons are equipped with compression rings (10) and oil rings (9) to ensure efficient combustion and prevent leakage. The Piston Pin (11) and the Piston Pin Lock (12) is used to join the piston (8’) with the connecting rods using ensuring stability and reliable operation. As shown in Fig. 9, specialized water system pistons (13) has a notch at edge of piston for specific purpose of steam transfer. Engine head (56) is 202321072299 provided with slit (3’a) between the two steam cylinders to facilitate the stem transfer (As shown in Fig. 6a). It also has a Piston Rings (14), Oil Rings (15) and Piston Pin Lock (16). The Piston Rings (14) prevents air leakage and made up of a material that can withstand heat generated due to friction with cylinder walls, it also helps maintain the compression in cylinder. The compression ring (In case of steam power stroke when the piston notch of water system pistons (13) is aligned with the slit (3’a) between both the steam cylinders in Engine head (56), it allows the steam to be exchanged for pressure regulation. It will be connected to a (1’) Crank Shaft (1’), by using connecting road (35), and piston rings (14), Oil Rings (15) and secured by a piston pin lock (16). As shown in fig 10, at the bottom of the engine assembly, constituting the engineʹs lower enclosure, is the Oil Chamber and Sump Gasket and Bolt (17). Once the engine oil has passed through the engine, it is collected and stored in the oil sump. The sump is fastened to the engine head by bolts, and the gasket facilitates a tight seal to stop oil leakage. In order to facilitate a steady supply of clean, cooled oil to the engineʹs moving parts, the Pipe 22) and Pipe (22) are disclosed close to the oil filter assembly. The Fig. depicts the routes via which oil is routed through the filter and cooler. The Oil Filter Assembly (19), seen in the Fig. 10 and located in the piston assembly, is in charge of removing impurities from engine oil so that only lubricated, clean oil flows through the engineʹs parts. The Oil Cooler (20), which is located next to the oil filter assembly, keeps the engine oil at the 202321072299 ideal temperature by releasing extra heat, preventing the oil from deteriorating in hot conditions. Fig. 11 depicts components corresponding to Fig. 1 with Crank Shaft Gear (24), Crank Shaft Pulley (25) that facilitates rotational movement of Crankshaft (1’) while Bolts (26) keeps the assembly intact. The crankshaft oil seal (27) keeps oil inside the chamber. The Flywheel (28) and Flywheel Bolts (29) transfers the rotational movement to gear box. The crankshaft pulley (25) and belt tensioner pulley (32) are integral to the engineʹs accessory drive system; ensuring that components such as the water pump (30) and alternator are driven consistently. The Flywheel (28), mounted on the rear of the crankshaft, helps to smooth out the engineʹs power delivery by storing rotational energy. The Flywheel Bolts (29) secure the flywheel to the crankshaft, ensuring a reliable connection. The Crankshaft Oil Seal (27) prevents oil leaks from the rear of the engine, while the Bolts (26) secure various components to the engine head. As shown in Fig. 12, the engine head also features an integrated cooling system, with a Water Pump (30) responsible for circulating coolant through the engine to maintain optimal operating temperatures. The belt tensioner pulley (32) and idler pulley (33) work together to maintain proper tension on the drive belts that power the water pump and other accessories. The Crankshaft Pulley (25) and Crankshaft Inner Pulley (31) drive these belts, transmitting power from the crankshaft to the accessory systems. 202321072299 As shown in Fig. 13, the diesel and steam pistons are connected to the Crankshaft (1’) via Diesel Process Connecting Rods (34) and Water Process Connecting Rods (35), respectively. These connecting rods are designed to handle the distinct forces generated by diesel combustion and steam expansion, transferring these forces to the (1’)Crankshaft (1’) to produce rotational motion. Connecting Rod Caps (36) secure the connecting rods to the Crankshaft (1’), ensuring a robust connection. Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 depict components to manage the engineʹs exhaust and intake processes. The Exhaust Manifold (38) collects exhaust gases from the cylinders and directs them to the exhaust system, while the Inlet Manifold (40) distributes the air‐fuel mixture to the cylinders for combustion. The exhaust gases from the diesel cylinders are used to generate steam, which is then injected into the steam cylinders via a sophisticated system of Water Injectors (44) and Steam Valves (53). Fig. 18a depicts the top view of Engine head (56) with valve slots. The engine head has two valve slots for outer most cylinders that are dedicated for fuel combustion. Said two cylinders has inlet valve slot (51a) for placing inlet valve (51) and exhaust valve slot (52a) for placing exhaust valve (52). Two inner most cylinders are dedicated for steam operation and has three valve slots, a steam valve slot (53a) for steam valve (53), Auto inlet valve slot (54a) for Auto inlet valve (54) to facilitation automatic inlet of air at time of vacuum, and Silencer valve slot (55a) for letting exhaust steam out of cylinders. 202321072299 As shown in Fig. 16, the hybrid engineʹs fuel injection system is designed to independently manage the injection of diesel and water. This hybrid engine design employs diesel injectors (43) to deliver precise amounts of diesel fuel into the outer cylinders, ensuring efficient combustion. The Water Injectors (44) introduce steam into the inner cylinders, where the steam drives the pistons, contributing additional power to the engine. This combination of diesel and steam power allows for greater efficiency and lower emissions compared to traditional internal combustion engines. The Diesel Injector (43) and Water Injector (44) are located above their respective cylinders to inject fuel and water into the combustion chambers. The diesel injector supply accurately measured diesel fuel to the outer cylinders, while the Water Injectors introduce steam into the inner cylinders to power the pistons. These injectors play a vital role in optimizing engine efficiency and performance by ensuring the proper diesel and steam mixture is delivered at the correct timing. Fig. 16a and Fig. 16b depicts components of Water Injector (44). Water Injector (44) comprises two sides that counter balances itself for regulation of water pressure for injection of water. Pressure applied by the Water Injectors can be as high as 200kg and can be adjusted by counter balancing mechanism, in present embodiment 145kg of pressure is applied for optimum results. The counter balancing part comprises a control knob (44a), fitting nut (44b), protective gasket (44c), counter pin (44d), and couple of spring bases (44e) placed on opposite ends of spring (44f). Fitting nut (44d) is used to fix control 202321072299 knob and by adjusting a control know (44a) pressure of water and injection amount can be varied. Counter pin (44d) helps stabilizing the arrangement and protective gasket (44c) prevents leakage. The other part also known as spraying part comprises couple of connecting rings (44g) to join these two parts, socket (44h) placed between the another spring (44f) and another protective gasket (44c) for stabilizing the system. Said another spring (44f) provides recoil and said another protective gasket (44c) prevent leakage on the other side. Fig. 16c and Fig. 16d depicts the heating chamber and enlarged part of the heating chamber where the water spray is positioned. During the operation of the engine, ignition occurs in the diesel engineʹs process cylinder, due to the combustion of diesel fuel and air. This combustion generates pressure and heat within the cylinder. As the exhaust and steam valves open, the hot gases flow into the heating chamber. Concurrently, water is injected by the Water Injector into the path of the hot gases, producing steam. This steam is then directed into both the water process cylinders, which are interconnected, thereby creating pressure in both cylinders. This pressure causes the pistons to move toward the Bottom Dead Center (BDC). At the end of the cycle, the silencer valves within both cylinders open. Valve sizing and positioning, as well as air pressure and circulation, are carefully calculated and maintained for optimal engine performance. The engine’s inlet, exhaust, and steam valves open once per camshaft rotation, 202321072299 based on the engine’s timing. In contrast, the silencer valves for the water process system cylinders open twice during each camshaft revolution. During operation, when the accelerator is off, a vacuum is generated in the water process system cylinders. This vacuum causes both automatic auto inlet valves to open simultaneously, drawing air into the cylinders as needed, facilitated by the air pressure. Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 depicts the valve springs (45), the valve spring retainers (48), and valve spring caps (49) positioned below the injectors, which are essential for the functioning of the intake and exhaust valves. These parts work together to regulate the opening and closing of the Inlet Valves (51), Exhaust Valves (52), and Steam Valves (53), ensuring efficient management of air, exhaust gases, and steam within the engine. The Auto Inlet Valve (54) and Silencer Valve (55) are additional components that contribute to control air intake and exhaust noise reduction, further enhancing the engineʹs efficiency and environmental performance. The Valve Guides (47) help maintain linear motion and proper alignment of the valves during operation. Fig. 17a depicts the Camshaft of head tapper assembly (73a) that controls the injection of fuel in to the fuel (diesel) cylinders. The camshaft converts rotational motion into linear motion, which is essential for operating the valve and injection mechanism. The consistent spacing and design of the tapers ensure synchronized operation within the fuel delivery system. 202321072299 Fig. 19 depicts a Tappet Cover (56a), which encloses the top of the Engine head (56), protecting the valve train components from contaminants and maintaining lubrication. Fig. 21 depicts a Pump Plunger (58) that operates in conjunction with the Delivery Valve (57) as shown in Fig. 20, ensuring that the diesel is injected at the optimal pressure for combustion. The Pump Plunger (58) is meticulously designed to facilitate precise fuel delivery under varying engine loads and speeds. The Pump Plunger (58) is a key part of the fuel injection system. The Pump Plunger (58) has hexagonal nut at the top secures the assembly, followed by a helical compression spring that resets the plunger to its initial position after each injection stroke. Further the spring is a circular retainer that holds the spring in place while allowing the plunger to move linearly. The plunger’s elongated cylindrical body ensures smooth movement within the pump barrel, and its base features a narrower end. This component is essential for drawing in fuel, pressurizing the same, and ultimately delivering it to the engineʹs combustion chamber. Fig. 22 depicts a Non‐Return Valve and Cap (59), preventing the backflow of diesel and maintaining system integrity. The upper section of the Non‐Return Valve and Cap (59) features a cap with internal threads, indicating it is screwed onto a counterpart to secure the valve in position. Further the cap contains the non‐return valve, comprising a shaft and a flared head. The head has a sealing surface that fits against a seat within the pump, 202321072299 preventing reverse flow. Typically spring‐loaded, the valve opens under the pressure of the pumped fluid and automatically closes to stop backflow. Fig. 23 depicts a Pump Plunger and Barrel Control Assembly (60), which regulates the plungerʹs motion for accurate fuel metering. The Pump Plunger and Barrel Control Assembly (60) features several cylindrical barrels aligned in parallel, each containing a plunger that moves within it. These precision‐engineered components regulate fuel delivery by enabling controlled plunger movement. The transparent outer housing, shown in the top image, serves as a protective cover, while the bottom image reveals the assembly without the cover, exposing the barrels and plungersʹ placement. This assembly is crucial for ensuring synchronized fuel delivery in accordance with the engineʹs firing order. Fig. 24 depicts the Plunger Return Spring (61), also known as the Non‐Return Spring. This helical spring plays a vital role in the pump plunger mechanism by ensuring the plunger returns to its starting position after each injection stroke. The spring is placed on a seat that stabilizes it and ensures proper alignment within the assembly. The springʹs design and dimensions are crucial, as they determine the force applied and the speed of the plungerʹs retraction. The Water Fuel Pressure Control Pump (63) as shown in Fig. 25 is a critical assembly for regulating the water injection pressure in the hybrid engine system. At the top, it features a reservoir, which likely holds pressurized fluid before distribution. Below the reservoir, components such 202321072299 as a helical compression spring, washers, and a pressure adjustment mechanism work together to control the injection pressure. The lower section houses a piston or plunger mechanism, responsible for pumping water at the regulated pressure set by the upper components. This system is essential for delivering water at the correct pressure to optimize engine performance. Fig. 26 illustrates the Pressure Regulator Sleeve Assembly (64), comprising the Sleeve Cap (64a), Spring Pressure Lock (64b), and spring (64c). The Sleeve Cap (64a) encloses the assembly, helping to contain and direct the applied pressure. Beneath it, the Spring Pressure Lock (64b) acts as a retainer, securing the spring (64c) in position. The spring (64c) plays a vital role in maintaining or adjusting tension within the assembly, ensuring the hybrid diesel and water injection pump delivers optimal pressure for efficient engine performance. A Guidance Sleeve and Lock System (65) include a Lock Pin (65a), two wiser elements (65b), and a Sleeve (65c). The Lock Pin (65a), typically crescent‐shaped, fits into a groove to secure moving parts. The two wiser (65b) are washers with varying inner and outer diameters, ensuring proper spacing and alignment of components within the Sleeve (65c). The cylindrical Sleeve (65c) features external threading, allowing it to be screwed into another part of the pump assembly, where it acts as a guide and support structure for moving parts like the plunger and valve stem. A Seal and Fastening System (66), comprising a Sleeve Piston (66a), a Wiser (65b), and a Nut (66b). The Sleeve Piston (66a), with its cylindrical 202321072299 design and internal threading at one end, serves as a movable barrier within a cylinder, providing sealing or contributing to a driving mechanism. The Wiser acts as a washer, offering structural support, ensuring alignment, and distributing the system’s load. The Nut (66b), with external threading, secures the components together, facilitating the Sleeve Piston’s movement and maintaining system integrity during operation. Fig. 27 depicts the Fuel Water Pump Pipe and Nut (67) assembly, consisting of a straight pipe with flange connections at both ends. These flanges are designed for secure attachment to the pump and engine and are reinforced with bolt holes for stable mounting. On the right side, the assembly features a hexagonal nut with internal threading, which matches the threading on the pipe ends. This ensures a tight seal and a secure connection, facilitating efficient water transfer within the system. Fig. 28 illustrates the Tappet Assembly (68), which features a cylindrical outer body and a lobed inner profile. The tappetʹs function is to convert the rotational motion of the camshaft into the vertical motion needed to operate the pump plunger. At the base of the assembly, a flat, circular washer provides a stable surface for the tappet to interact with other components. This design ensures precise control over the timing and volume of fuel or water pumped during each cycle. Fig. 28 also depicts a variation of the Tappet Assembly (69), which plays a crucial role in the pump operation within the engine. This tappet is a slender, elongated component with a distinctive notch on one side, designed for engagement with a control 202321072299 mechanism, such as a lever. The bottom of the tappet features a lobed profile that interacts with the camshaft, converting its rotational motion into linear motion. A washer is positioned at the base of the tappet, ensuring smooth operation and minimizing wear between moving parts. The Control Spring (70) is a helical coil spring designed to provide return force in mechanical systems. It is crucial for applications where components need to return to their default position after being actuated, ensuring consistent performance and reliable operation within the pump systemʹs control mechanisms. Fig. 29 illustrates the Control Rack (71), which is a linear gear designed to adjust the fuel injection parameters in the pump. The rack features several rounded lobes along its length, which interact with corresponding components to regulate the position and flow of fuel. The threaded portion at one end indicates that it is adjustable, allowing precise control over the rackʹs position within the injection system. Control Rack Adjust Segment (72) are component designed for fine adjustments within the fuel injection system. It features a notch and a circular end that engages with a lever for incremental movements, enabling precise calibration of the control rack’s position. This adjustability is essential for fine‐tuning fuel injection timing and volume, thereby optimizing engine performance. Fig. 30 depicts the Camshaft of Water‐Fuel Pump (73), the primary shaft that controls the timing and delivery of fuel and water in the engine. It includes several lobes of varying sizes, each precisely machined to open and close valves at specific intervals. The camshaft converts rotational motion into 202321072299 linear motion, which is essential for operating the pump plunger and tappet mechanisms. The consistent spacing and design of the lobes ensure synchronized operation within the pump system, optimizing overall performance. Fig. 30 also depicts the assembly components for the camshaft drive of a water fuel pump (73). A Gear of Water Fuel Pump Camshaft (74) is a large gear with teeth around its circumference, designed to mesh with other gears and transmit rotational force to the camshaft. The End‐Plate (75) is a flat, rectangular piece with circular cutouts, serving as a closure for the end of the housing. The Bearing (76) is a round, ring‐like component that supports the gear, allowing it to rotate smoothly and reducing friction during operation. These components work together to ensure precise timing and smooth operation of the water fuel pump. Fig. 31 depicts a camshaft of head tapper assembly (73a) along with gears for camshaft of head tapper assembly (73b). Camshaft of head tapper assembly operates various valves of the engine. Fig. 32 depicts the Control Rack Braker, consisting of two parts: the Control Rack Braker (77) and the Control Rack Braker Segment (78). The larger component Control Rack Braker (77) is a housing that encloses the mechanism, while the smaller component (78) features a rod with a spring and a block at the end. This assembly plays a critical role in interrupting or modulating the movement of the control rack, ensuring proper function of the fuel injection system by preventing over travel and damping vibrations. 202321072299 Fig. 33 depicts a Gear Shaft (79), an essential component in the fuel injection system. Its function is to transfer rotational force from the gear to activate the pump. The shaft has a uniform cylindrical shape with a specially designed tip to securely engage with other parts within the system. A Gear (80) is a key part that meshes with the Gear Shaft (79). This gear has a toothed circumference that engages with other gears to transmit rotational forces within the system. The central opening of the gear is keyed to fit onto the Gear Shaft, ensuring a secure attachment and allowing it to be driven or drive the shaft’s rotation. Double Taper Cam (81) is a key component in the timing and control mechanisms of an engine. This cam is designed with two distinct profiles, allowing it to actuate a corresponding follower or lever twice per revolution. This design translates rotational motion into linear motion, following a specific timing pattern. The dual activation is crucial for precise control in systems like fuel pumps, where multiple activations within a single cycle are necessary. Fig 34 depicts the Automatic Adjust Power Supply Assembly (82), consisting of several interconnected components. The housing (82a) contains the adjustment mechanism, while a coil spring (82b) provides the necessary tension for automatic adjustment. A washer (82c) helps maintain the position and pressure of the spring, and a retainer (82d) secures all the components within the housing. This assembly is designed to ensure optimal tension within the power supply system, automatically adjusting to maintain consistent operational parameters. 202321072299 Fig 35 presents the Water Pressure Fuel Pump Assembly and Banjo Bolt (83), a critical component in the hybrid diesel and water‐injecting pump system. This assembly is engineered to pressurize and deliver water in sync with diesel injection, playing a vital role in steam generation for the hybrid engine. The central part of the illustration features sturdy, barrel‐shaped pump housing, built to withstand the high pressures required to inject water into the steam cylinders. At the forefront of the pump, a banjo bolt connection serves as the outlet for water under pressure. The banjo bolt is essential for sealing fluid connections while accommodating flexible piping, ensuring a leak‐proof and secure link for the high‐pressure water lines. The rear side of the pump depicts a gear set within a circular opening, covered by a removable plate for easy access. These gears convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, enabling the pump to pressurize water as needed for the engineʹs operation. Adjacent to the gear set, several nozzles or outlets are arranged in a circular pattern on a flange, each secured by a nut. These outlets connect to individual water injection lines leading to the steam cylinders, with the nuts ensuring secure, sealed connections to withstand operational stresses. The overall design of the Water Pressure Fuel Pump Assembly and Banjo Bolt (83) reflects its role in the precise delivery of water, which is converted into steam to assist diesel combustion in driving the hybrid engine. This assembly showcases the integration of mechanical and hydraulic 202321072299 engineering, ensuring the efficiency and performance of the steam‐diesel hybrid engine system. The water pump delivers water, and the Water Injector spray timing is controlled. Whether the engine is in low‐speed or high‐speed operation, the engine head water processes are managed with the piston reaching from Top Dead Center (TDC) to 150 degrees. During this range, the Water Injector sprays water effectively. Fig. 36 illustrates the Pump Pulley (84), a crucial component in the hybrid diesel and water‐injecting pump system. This pulley serves as the medium through which rotational energy from the engine is transferred to the pump, driving its mechanism. A pulley with a multi‐groove profile, with each groove designed to accommodate a corresponding belt. The multiple grooves suggest that the pulley can engage with several belts at once, either to distribute the mechanical load or to drive multiple pumps simultaneously. At the center of the pulley, a bolted hub is visible, indicating how the pulley is securely attached to the pump shaft. The hub ensures a firm fit, keeping the pulley in place during operation. The use of bolts allows for easy attachment and detachment of the pulley, simplifying maintenance and adjustments. The compact and robust design of the pulley, with its clear grooves and solid hub, demonstrates its ability to handle significant mechanical forces. As an integral part of the system, it translates the engine’s power into the hydraulic action required by the pump to inject diesel and 202321072299 water in the steam‐diesel hybrid engine. The efficiency and reliability of the pulley are essential for the smooth operation of the entire engine system. Fig. 36 also showcases the Water Pressure Fuel Pump Stand (85), an essential component providing foundational support within the hybrid diesel and water‐injecting pump system. This stand is designed to ensure the stable and secure placement of the water pressure fuel pump, crucial for its accurate and vibration‐free operation. The key feature of this Fig. is a circular, disc‐like base, indicating a strong construction capable of bearing the weight and operational forces exerted by the pump. Mounted on top of the base is a flange with multiple holes, likely intended for bolts, the stand (85) is designed to be securely affixed to a corresponding frame within the engine compartment. Protruding from the flange are several threaded studs, each equipped with a nut. These studs align with the mounting points on the water pressure fuel pump, ensuring a precise and firm attachment. The presence of the studs and nuts also suggests that the assembly and disassembly process is straightforward, which is important for routine maintenance and pump replacement. The Water Pressure Fuel Pump Stand (85) exemplifies thoughtful engineering, emphasizing stability and precision in the high‐pressure environment of a steam‐diesel hybrid engine. Its design ensures that the fuel pump operates with optimal efficiency and reliability throughout its lifecycle. All type of pump like Pump Plunger (58), rotary pump and other pumps are synchronized by sensor system. These all pumps are set in sync 202321072299 with water pump with required settings to operate in harmony with other systems of the engine and water injection system. Fuel pump responsible to pump combustion fuel like diesel or petrol, along with fuel kit is synchronized with water pump (30) using sensor mechanism. Fig. 37 illustrates a Control Rack Power Supply Assembly (86) is a collection of components designed to supply and manage power within the hybrid diesel and water‐injecting pump system. This assembly plays a crucial role in controlling the flow of diesel and water to the engineʹs cylinders, ensuring efficient and precise operation of the hybrid engine. To increase engine speed, the RPM control simultaneously increases the diesel delivery supply by activating both diesel plungers together. This results in increased power supply to the engine and enhanced performance. The control rack pulls the required sensor signals from the system. As a result, the water pump plunger is lifted, and the water delivery supply increases. The RPM determines the exact point at which the automatic actuator for power supply and water pumping is triggered. Once the water pump plunger is lifted and the engine reaches the required state, the tappet assembly opens the non‐return valve. This allows the water‐fuel mixture to flow to the water pressure control barrel, ensuring that air (or any unwanted gases) cannot enter the plunger barrel. Components depicted as 86a to 86g, serves a specific function within the assembly. A pin (86a) is used to secure components in place, while 202321072299 components 86b and 86f are coil springs that provide return force and maintain pressure within the system. A hollow cylinder (86c) acts as a guide, allowing a plunger to move within it. The plunger (86d), functions as a stopper or positional limiter. Component 86e is a nut, used to adjust the position or tension of the rod and springs. The intricate configuration of these components highlights their role in fine‐tuning the operational parameters of the pump system. By enabling precise adjustments, the Control Rack Power Supply Assembly (86) ensures optimal delivery of diesel and water, meeting the engineʹs performance requirements. This level of control is essential for maintaining the engine’s efficiency and longevity, particularly in the complex environment of a steam‐diesel hybrid engine, where accurate timing and fuel quantities are crucial. As shown in Fig. 38, Camshaft of Water‐Fuel Pump (73) and Camshaft of head tapper assembly (73a) has system of lobes and tappers that operates in particular order to facilitate synchronized valve movement. Fig 38 shows the position of the camshafts and the cam taper section of the intake valve in the order of degrees as further explained. The camshaft taper center of Inlet valve (51) is located at 0 degrees (1). The camshaft taper center of Exhaust valve (52) is located at 265 degrees (2) and the camshaft taper center of Steam valve (53) is located at 265 degrees (3). The camshaft taper center of the silencer valve (55) is located at 353 degrees (4*5) and 173 degrees (5*4) respectively. The camshaft taper center of the steam valve (53) is located at 85 degree (6). The camshaft taper center of the exhaust valve (52) is located at 85 202321072299 degrees (7) and the camshaft taper center of the inlet valve (51) is located at 180 degrees (8). The Auto inlet valve (54) opens based on requirement of air in steam cylinder. The diesel process camshaft opens and closes at a certain degree according to suction stroke timing. The exhaust camshaft opens and closes at a certain degree according to the exhaust stroke timing. The water process camshaft opens and closes at a certain degree according to the steam power timing and also opens and closes at a certain degree according to the exhaust silencer stroke. The process works in synchronized motion to ensure smooth operation. This opening and closing is illustrated in Fig. 39. Auto inlet valve (54) opens in water process cylinder, when engine is in running state with off‐ leaver. Fig. 39 depicts the corresponding degree diagram for opening and closing of the valves and switching the fuel on and off. The inlet valve (51) opens at 20 degrees advance from TDC and 160 degrees from BDC and closes at 155 degrees advance from TDC and at 25 degrees from BDC. Exhaust valve (52) opens at 160 degrees from TDC and at 20 degrees advance from BDC and exhaust valve (52) closes at 10 degrees from TDC and at 170 degrees advance from BDC. The water piston moves 15 degrees advance in which steam valve opens at 5 degrees advance from TDC and 175 degrees from BDC and steam valve closes at 25 degrees from BDC and 155 degrees advance from TDC. The silencer valve opens at 25 degrees advance from BDC and 155 degrees from TDC and silencer valve closes at 5 degrees from TDC and 175 degrees 202321072299 advance from BDC. Hence, it concludes PART‐1 of the whole process of engine operation and PART‐2 of the process is further executed, which provides sufficient synchronized valve timing for efficient engine operation during the entire suction, expansion, compression and exhaust cycles. The cycle is divided into two parts by TDC (Top Dead Center) and BDC (Bottom Dead Center) at (0 degree) and (180 degree) respectively. The upper part is known as the suction cycle or expansion cycle because the piston remains down during the expansion process and the other lower part is known as compression and from TDC (Top Dead Center) (0 degree) to BDC (Bottom Dead Center) (180 degree) and (15 degree) the steam piston advances. In Exhaust cycle, the inlet valve (51) opens when the cylinder piston reaches 20 degrees advance of TDC or 160 degree from BDC and the cylinder piston enters the suction stroke and reaches 25 degrees from BDC or 155 degrees advance from TDC. The inlet valve (51) closes and the diesel piston enters the compressor stroke from 5 degree advance of TDC or 175 degree from BDC. The fuel injection starts as the diesel piston enters the power stroke and the piston comes at 160 degree from TDC or 20 degree advance from BDC. The exhaust valve (52) opens while the water piston is at 5 degree advance from TDC or 175 degree from BDC. The steam valve (53) opens and the steam piston reaches TDC (top cylinder center) and the water injector starts injecting water, and by entering the system power, the water piston moves at 150 degree from TDC and the water injector closes at 30 degrees advance from BDC. The water piston starts moving from 25 degrees 202321072299 advance from BDC and the silencer valve (55) opens from 155 degrees TDC. The gas piston reaches TDC (top dead center) and completes its cycle. The exhaust valve (52) closes at 10 degrees from TDC and 170 degrees advance from BDC. During that time, the water piston moves from 25 degree BDC or 155 degree advance from TDC and the steam valve closes. The water piston moves from 5 degree from TDC or 175 degree from BDC and the silencer valve (55) closes. In this way, the cycle of both the pistons, the gas piston and the steam piston, is completed. This cycle constitute the PART‐2 of the whole engine process. As shown in Fig. 40, Both plunger (58) starts at (0 degree) (A) and delivers the diesel fuel to control rack power supply assembly (84) and engine simultaneously from the center, one delivers power to the control rank power supply assembly (86) and the other delivers power to the engine. Once engine reaches at 50+ RPM, power supply assembly receives power and due to diesel delivery control, sensor leaver setting control rank movement is initiated. Breaker turns on at 45 degrees from center point (A) or 135 degree advance from center point (B) and stops at 70 degrees from Center point (A) or 110 degree advance of center point (B). Water delivery starts at 95 degree advance from the center (B) or 85 degree from the center (A). Tapper assembly starts at 20 degrees advance from center point (B) and 160 degree from center point (A). Water delivery stops at 10 degree advance from Center Point (B) or 170 202321072299 degree from Center Point (A). Tapper assembly stops at 10 degrees from center point (B) and 170 degree advance from center point (A).This results in the four‐stroke motion of the diesel piston (8’) and the two‐stroke motion of the steam piston (13) and ensures the smooth operation of the water injector system throughout the engine cycle. It focuses on the water injection system in particular. The fuel pump, camshaft, camshaft and water cam, valve train and tappet assembly, tappet tapper and breaker tapper are shown in the figure below. A plunger is given to the fuel delivery control rank power supply for sensor first system lever setting. This triggers the PART‐2 process, which is described in Fig. 39 and the fuel pump starts working. A standout feature is the Water Fuel Pressure Control Pump (63), which integrates water injection with diesel delivery to optimize the steam‐diesel hybrid engineʹs performance. This control pump is supported by an advanced Automatic Adjust Power Supply Assembly (82) and the Water Pressure Fuel Pump Assembly and Banjo Bolt (83), ensuring precise water injection rates alongside diesel fuel delivery for optimal efficiency. The camshaft is connected to the connecting rods (34) for the diesel process and (35) for the water process, signifying their function in transferring motion to the valves. Each connecting rod is connected to the Valve Springs (45), which, once opened by the camshaft lobes, return the valves to their closed state. Fuel and water are injected into the combustion chambers by plurality of the diesel injectors (43) and Water Injectors (44) that 202321072299 are placed above the corresponding cylinders. While the Water Injectors introduce steam into the inner cylinders to power the pistons, the diesel injector supply precisely measured amounts of diesel fuel into the outer cylinders. These injectors are essential for preserving the engineʹs performance and efficiency since they make sure that the right combination of diesel and steam is released at particular time in stroke cycle. Supporting components like the Tappet Assembly (68, 69), Control Springs (70), and the Camshaft of the Water Fuel Pump (73) work together to convert rotational motion into the linear motion required for pump operation. The Gear of the Water Fuel Pump Camshaft (74) and Gear Shaft (79) are precisely engineered to synchronize with the engineʹs operation, ensuring timely and accurate injection of fuel and water. The pumpʹs mechanical stability is reinforced by the End‐Plate (75) and Bearings (76), which enhance durability and minimize wear. The Control Rack (71) and its Adjust Segment (72) allow for precise tuning of injection parameters, improving the engineʹs adaptability to varying conditions. Additionally, the Water Pressure Fuel Pump Stand (85) and Control Rack Power Supply Assembly (86) highlight the pumpʹs robust construction, ensuring it can endure the demands of hybrid engine operation while maintaining precise and efficient diesel and water injection. The fuel injection mechanism of the hybrid engine is made to control the injection of water and diesel separately. Whereas Water Injectors (44) supply water to the steam cylinders, diesel injectors (43) supply fuel to the 202321072299 diesel cylinders. To facilitate that the engine runs effectively under a variety of operating situations, the time and amount of fuel and water injection are carefully regulated. The inlet manifold (40) and exhaust manifold (38) are made to effectively control air intake and exhaust gas expulsion, enabling the smooth utilization of exhaust heat into steam. The durability and dependability of the engine are increased by other elements including the oil cooler (20), oil filter assembly (19), and oil pressure pump (23), which facilitates that the engineʹs moving parts are properly cooled and lubricated. An essential part of the engineʹs auxiliary drive system, the crankshaft pulley (25) and belt tensioner pulley (32) facilitates the steady operation of parts like the alternator and water pump (30). In order to maintain ideal operating temperatures, coolant is circulated around the engine by a Water Pump (30), which is part of the engine headʹs integrated cooling system. To keep the drive belts that drive the water pump and other accessories properly tensioned, the Belt Tensioner Pulley (32) and Idler Pulley (33) cooperate. Power is transferred from the crankshaft to the auxiliary systems via these belts, which are driven by the Crankshaft Pulley (25) and Crankshaft Inner Pulley (31). The Inlet Manifold (40) distributes the air‐fuel mixture to the cylinders for combustion, while the Exhaust Manifold (38) gathers exhaust gases from the cylinders and routes them to the exhaust system in order to control the engineʹs intake and exhaust processes. A complex system of Water Injectors (44) and Steam Valves (53), which use the exhaust gases from the diesel 202321072299 cylinders to create steam, is then used to inject the steam into the steam cylinders. The Flywheel (28) is mounted on the rear of the crankshaft, helps to smooth out the engineʹs power delivery by storing rotational energy. The Flywheel Bolts (29) secure the flywheel to the crankshaft. The Crankshaft Oil Seal (27) prevents oil leaks from the rear of the engine, while the Bolts (26) secure various components to the engine head. Diesel injectors (43) are used in this hybrid engine architecture to precisely feed diesel fuel into the outer cylinders, facilitating effective combustion. Steam is introduced into the inner cylinders via the Water Injectors (44) and powers the pistons, giving the engine more power. Compared to conventional internal combustion engines, this diesel and steam power combination enables higher efficiency and reduced emissions. Fig. 1 to Fig. 6 offers an exploded side view of the structure of the steam diesel hybrid engine, emphasizing the complex engineering and design that make it possible for it to run on two fuels. An important development in engine technology is the deliberate fusion of steam and diesel systems into a single engine head, which has the potential to reduce environmental impact and increase fuel efficiency in a variety of applications. The water pump can be integrated with any fuel pump or kit, or it can be connected with a sensor misalignment. Additionally, the engine can be built with a 3‐cylinder configuration, capable of achieving the maximum possible displacement and the maximum possible horsepower. 202321072299 The invention has been explained in relation to specific embodiment. It is inferred that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and it is not intended that the invention be limited or restrictive thereto. Many other specific embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the foregoing disclosure. All substitution, alterations and modification of the present invention which come within the scope of the following claims are to which the present invention is readily susceptible without departing from the invention. The scope of the invention should therefore be determined not with reference to the above description but should be determined with reference to appended claims along with full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. 202321072299 List of Reference Numerals 1’ Crank Shaft 2’ Crank Shaft Main Bearings 3’ Crank Shaft Bearing Cap 3’a Slit between two steam cylinders 8’ Piston 9 Compression Ring 10 Oil Ring 11 Pin 12 Lock 13 Piston for Steam Cylinder 14 Piston Rings 15 Oil Rings 16 Piston Pin Lock 17 Oil Chamber and Sump Gasket and Bolt 18 Oil Sump Strainer 19 Oil Filter Assembly 20 Oil Cooler 21 Filter Ring 22 Pipe 23 Oil Pressure Pump 24 Crank Shaft Gear 25 Crank Shaft Pulley 202321072299 26 Bolts 27 Crankshaft Oil Seal 28 Flywheel 29 Flywheel Bolts 30 Water Pump 30a Heater Assembly 30b Water Spray 31 Crankshaft Inner Pulley 32 Belt Tensioner Pulley 33 Idler Pulley 34 Diesel Process Connecting Rod 35 Water Process Connecting Rod 36 Connecting Rod Cap 37 Bearing 38 Auto inlet Manifold 39 Main Bolt of Head 40 Inlet Manifold 41 Air Filter 42 Exhaust Manifold 43 Diesel Injector 44 Water Injector 44a Control knob 44b Fitting Nut 44c Protective Sleeve 202321072299 44d Counter pin 44e Spring base 44f Spring 44g Connecting rings 44h Socket 44i Water injection valve 45 Valve Spring 46 Lock Spring 47 Valve Guide 48 Valve Spring Retainer 49 Valve Spring Cap 50 Wiser and Nut 51 Inlet Valve 51a Inlet valve slot 52 Exhaust Valve 52a Exhaust Valve slot 53 Steam Valve 53a Steam Valve slot 54 Auto Inlet Valve 54a Auto inlet valve 55 Silencer Valve 55a Silencer valve slot 56 Engine Head (56) 56a Tappet Cover 202321072299 57 Delivery Valve 58 Pump Plunger 59 Non‐Return Valve and Cap 60 Pump Plunger and Barrel Control Assembly 61 Plunger Return Spring (Non‐Return Spring) 62 Non‐Return Spring 63 Water Fuel Pressure Control Pump 64 Pressure Regulator Sleeve Assembly 64a Sleeve Cap 64b Spring Pressure Lock 64c Spring 65 Guidance Sleeve and Lock System 65a Lock Pin 65b Wiser 65c Sleeve 66 A Seal and Fastening System 66a Sleeve Piston 66b Nut 67 Fuel Water Pump Pipe with Nut 68 Tappet Assembly 69 Another variation of Tappet Assembly 70 Control Spring 71 Control Rack 72 Control Rack Adjust Segment 202321072299 73 Camshaft of Water‐Fuel Pump 73a Camshaft of head tapper assembly 73b Gears of Camshaft of head tapper assembly 74 Gear of Water‐Fuel Pump Camshaft 75 End‐Plate 76 Bearing 77 Control Rack Breaker Cover 78 Control Rack Breaker79 Gear Shaft 80 Gear 81 Double Tapper Cam 82 Automatic Adjust Power Supply Assembly 82a housing 82b coil spring 82c washer 82d retainer 83 Water Pressure Fuel Pump Assembly and Banjo Bolt 84 Pump Pulley 85 Water Pressure Fuel Pump Stand 86 Control Rack Power Supply Assembly 86a Pin 86b coil spring 86c hollow cylinder 86d plunger 86e nut 202321072299 86f coil spring 86g Spring with hollow cylinder 1 Inlet Valve Open 2 Exhaust Valve Open 3 Steam Valve Open 4 Silencer Valve Open 5 Silencer Valve Opens again 6 Steam Valve opens again 7 Exhaust Valve Opens again 8 Inlet Valve opens again
Claims
202321072299 We Claim:
1. A hybrid steam‐diesel engine, comprising; a Crankshaft (1’) that converts the linear motion of the pistons into rotational motion; an Engine head (56) consisting of plurality of cylinders, wherein at least one cylinder is configured for diesel combustion, comprising; a Piston (8’) for diesel cylinders; a Diesel process connecting rod (34) for connecting the piston (8’) to the Crankshaft (1’); a Diesel injector (43) for injecting diesel fuel into diesel cylinder; at least one cylinder is configured for steam operation, comprising: a Water system piston (13); a water process connecting rod (35) connected to the water system piston (13) and the Crankshaft (1’); characterized in that, a water spray (30b) for spraying water into the heating chamber (30a), a steam generation system coupled to the exhaust manifold for generating steam by using the heat of exhaust gases and injecting into the steam cylinders via a sophisticated system of Water Injectors (44) and steam valves (53), whole injection process is controlled through an injection system.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steam cylinders use water system pistons (13) with specialized notch configuration and has a piston rings (14), Oil Rings (15) and piston pin lock (16) to keep the cylinders well sealed, reduce blow‐by, and provides effective compression. 202321072299 3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a crankshaft pulley (25) and crankshaft inner pulley (31) drive belts that are connected to a belt tensioner pulley (32) and idler pulley (33) to maintain proper tension on the said drive belts for providing power to a water pump (30) which is responsible for circulating coolant through the engine to maintain optimal operating.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a diesel injector (43) can be configured to inject other types of combustion fuel for internal combustion in respective cylinders including but not limited to diesel, petrol, gasoline, CNG and Biodiesel.
5. An injection system of hybrid steam‐diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, comprising: a diesel injector (43) and Water Injector (44) that independently manages the injection of fuel and water; a water injection system equipped with Water Injectors (44) that are specifically designed to inject steam into the steam cylinders, the Water Injectors (44) being synchronized with the operation of the diesel cylinders; a specialized notch configuration in the steam pistons and slit (3’a) configuration between two steam cylinders in Engine head (56) for enhancing the steam injection process between the two steam cylinders, enabling increased power output and improved fuel efficiency characterized in the diesel injector (43) injects diesel at 5 degree advance from Top Dead Center (TDC) and Water Injector (44) injects water at TDC while whole injection process is controlled through combination of the 202321072299 pump plunger (58) and pump plunger and barrel control assembly (60), a water fuel pressure control pump (63), the Control Rack (71), a Camshaft of Water‐Fuel Pump (73), an automatic adjust power supply assembly (82), a water pressure fuel pump assembly (83) and a control rack power supply assembly (86).
6. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein a timing mechanism connects both the camshafts (73 and 73a) to the engineʹs Crankshaft (1’), facilitating synchronized operation with the engineʹs pistons (8 and 13) and connecting rods (34 and 35).
7. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the Water Injectors (44) are precisely timed by using Camshaft of Water‐Fuel Pump (73) to provide optimal steam delivery for maximum power production and the Pump Plunger (58) is engineered for precise fuel delivery across varying engine loads and speeds, while the Delivery Valve (57) ensures diesel is injected at the ideal pressure for combustion.
8. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the Pump plunger (58) and Barrel control assembly (60) consisting of several cylindrical barrels aligned in parallel, each containing a plunger that moves within it and regulates the plungerʹs motion for accurate fuel metering while a Plunger return spring (61) also referred as the non‐return spring ensures that the plunger returns to its starting position after each injection stroke and a Non‐ return valve and cap (59) prevents diesel backflow.
9. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the Water fuel pressure control pump (63) consisting of three parts namely a Pressure 202321072299 regulator sleeve assembly (64), a Guidance sleeve and lock system (65) and a Seal and fastening system (66).
10. The system as claimed in claim 9, wherein a _Pressure regulator sleeve assembly (64) consists of a Sleeve Cap (64a) that encloses the assembly, helping to contain and direct the applied pressure, a Spring Pressure Lock (64b) acts as a retainer, securing the spring (64c) in position, and Spring (64c) helps maintaining or adjusting tension within the assembly, ensuring the hybrid diesel and water injection pump delivers optimal pressure for efficient engine performance..
11. The system as claimed in claim 9, wherein a Guidance Sleeve and Lock System (65) consists of a Lock Pin (65a) preferably crescent‐shaped and fits into a groove to secure moving parts, two Wiser elements (65b) are washers with varying inner and outer diameters, ensuring proper spacing and alignment of components within the Sleeve (65c), and a cylindrical Sleeve (65c) features external threading, allowing it to be screwed into another part of the pump assembly and acts as a guide and support structure for moving parts like the plunger and valve stem.
12. The system as claimed in claim 9, wherein a Seal and Fastening System (66) comprises a Sleeve Piston (66a) having cylindrical design and internal threading at one end, serves as a movable barrier within a cylinder, providing sealing or contributing to a driving mechanism, a Wiser (65b) acts as a washer, offering structural support, ensuring alignment, and distributing the system’s load, and a Nut (66b) with external threading, secures the 202321072299 components together, facilitating the Sleeve Piston’s movement and maintaining system integrity during operation 13. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the control rack (71) is a linear gear designed to adjust the fuel injection parameters in the pump having a Control rack adjust segments (72) for fine adjustments within the fuel injection system.
14. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein Camshaft of Water‐Fuel Pump (73) is a primary shaft consisting of a Gear of water fuel pump camshaft (74) along with camshaft of head tapper assembly (73a) and gears of camshaft of head tapper assembly (73b) to control timing of opening and closing of valves for delivery of fuel and water, removal of exhaust gases and steam through corresponding valves.
15. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the opening and closing of an inlet valves (51), a exhaust valves (52), a steam valves (53), a auto inlet valve (54) and silencer valve (55) are controlled by the valve springs (45), a valve spring retainers (48), and a valve spring caps (49), ensuring efficient management of air, exhaust gases, and steam within the engine, while the valve guides (47) helps maintain linear motion and proper alignment of the valves during operation.
16. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the automatic adjust power supply assembly (82) consist of a housing (82a) as adjustment mechanism, a coil spring (82b) that provides the necessary tension for automatic adjustment, a washer (82c) that helps maintain the position and pressure of the spring, and a retainer (82d) to secure all the components 202321072299 within the housing (82a), said assembly to ensures optimal tension within the power supply system, automatically adjusting to maintain consistent operational parameters.
17. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein a water pressure fuel pump assembly and Banjo Bolt (83) provides precise delivery of water, which is converted into steam to assist diesel combustion in driving the hybrid engine and said assembly showcases the integration of mechanical and hydraulic engineering, ensuring the efficiency and performance of the steam‐ diesel hybrid engine system 18. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein a control rack power supply assembly (86) is designed to supply and manage power within the hybrid diesel and water‐injecting pump system, said assembly consists of a pin (86a) to secure components in place, coil springs (86b and 86f) to provide return force and maintain pressure within the system, A hollow cylinder (86c) as guide for plunger to move within it, a plunger (86d) that functions as a stopper or positional limiter, a nut (86e) to adjust the position or tension of the rod and springs.
19. A camshaft system for a water‐fuel pump (73), comprising: a camshaft of the water‐fuel pump (73) and a camshaft of head tapper assembly (73a), each having a system of lobes and tappers that operate in a particular order to facilitate synchronized valve movement; a camshaft taper center for the inlet valve (51) located at 0 degrees (1); a camshaft taper center for the exhaust valve (52) located at 265 degrees (2); 202321072299 a camshaft taper center for the steam valve (53) located at 265 degrees (3); a camshaft taper center for the silencer valve (55) located at 353 degrees (4*5) and 173 degrees (5*4), respectively; a camshaft taper center for the steam valve (53) located at 85 degrees (6); a camshaft taper center for the exhaust valve (52) located at 85 degrees (7); a camshaft taper center for the inlet valve (51) located at 180 degrees (8); characterized in that an auto inlet valve (54) that operates based on the requirements of the engine, the diesel process camshaft opens and closes at certain degrees according to the suction stroke timing, and the exhaust camshaft opens and closes at certain degrees according to the exhaust stroke timing, the water process camshaft opens and closes steam valve at certain degrees according to steam power stroke timing, water process opens and closes according to exhaust silencer stroke timing, the camshafts and their respective valves operate in synchronized motion to ensure smooth and efficient engine operation 20. A method of operating a hybrid steam‐diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of: combusting diesel fuel in the outermost cylinders to generate exhaust gases; 202321072299 utilizing exhaust heat from diesel combustion to convert water into steam by directing the exhaust gases generated by the diesel cylinders to heat water in a water injection system, converting the water into steam; injecting the steam into the inner cylinders to provide additional power, thereby reducing the need for additional diesel fuel consumption; ensuring that the pistons in both diesel and steam cylinders are efficiently connected to a crankshaft via respective connecting rods to transmit power to a drive‐train for converting the linear motion of pistons into rotational motion via a crankshaft; independently controlling the injection of diesel fuel into the diesel cylinders and water into the steam cylinders through separate injection systems, wherein the timing and quantity of injection are regulated by a tappet assemblies (68, 69), a Control Rack Breaker cover (77), a Control Rack Breaker (78) and synchronized motion of camshaft of the water pump (73) to operate various valves including an exhaust valve (52), a steam valve (53), an auto inlet valve (54) and a silencer valve (55).
21. A method for controlling the operation of a diesel and water process engine as claimed in claim 19, wherein; starting the movement of a both plungers (58) at 0 degrees from a center point (A), wherein said first plunger simultaneously delivers diesel fuel to both a control rack power supply assembly (84) and the engine; initiating water delivery at 85 degrees from said center point (A), or 95 degrees advance from a second center point (B), and stopping water delivery 202321072299 at 10 degrees advance from said second center point (B), or 170 degrees from said center point (A); initiating the movement of a tappet assembly (68) at 20 degrees advance from said second center point (B), or 160 degrees from said center point (A), and stopping the movement at 10 degrees from BDC, or 170 degrees from TDC; initiating operation of a breaker at 45 degrees from said second center point (A), or 135 degrees advance from said center point (B), and stopping the breaker operation at 70 degrees from said second center point (A), or 110 degrees advance from said center point (B); operating the camshaft of water fuel pump (73) from 0degrees to 85 degree; coordinating the movements of the plunger(s), tappet assembly (68), and breaker, resulting in the four‐stroke motion of a diesel piston (8’) and the two‐stroke motion of a steam piston (13); ensuring the smooth operation of the water injector system throughout the engine cycle; using a plunger to deliver fuel to the control rack power supply for sensor first system lever setting, wherein the fuel pump begins working to support engine and water injector system operation ensuring synchronized operation of the diesel engine and water injector system to enhance engine performance and efficiency.
22. A method for controlling engine operation as claimed in claim 19, wherein; 202321072299 opening the inlet valve (51) at 20 degrees advance from Top Dead Center (TDC) and 160 degrees from Bottom Dead Center (BDC), and closing the inlet valve (51) at 155 degrees advance from TDC and at 25 degrees from BDC; opening the exhaust valve (52) at 160 degrees from TDC and at 20 degrees advance from BDC, and closing the exhaust valve (52) at 10 degrees from TDC and at 170 degrees advance from BDC; moving the water piston 15 degrees advance from TDC, wherein the steam valve (53) opens at 5 degrees advance from TDC and 175 degrees from BDC, and closes at 25 degrees from BDC and 155 degrees advance from TDC; opening the silencer valve at 25 degrees advance from BDC and 155 degrees from TDC, and closing the silencer valve at 5 degrees from TDC and 175 degrees advance from BDC; dividing the engine cycle into two parts, with the suction / expansion cycle occurring above TDC (0 degrees), and the compression cycle occurring from TDC (0 degrees) to BDC (180 degrees), including a 15‐degree advance for the steam piston; during the exhaust cycle, opening the inlet valve (51) as the cylinder piston reaches 20 degrees advance from TDC or 160 degrees from BDC, and closing the inlet valve (51) at 25 degrees from BDC or 155 degrees from TDC, while initiating fuel injection as the diesel piston enters the power stroke at 160 degrees from TDC or 20 degrees advance from BDC; 202321072299 opening the exhaust valve (52) while the water piston is at 5 degrees advance from TDC or 175 degrees from BDC, and operating the steam valve (53) to open when the steam piston reaches TDC; activating the water injector at 15 degrees from TDC, closing the injector at 30 degrees advance from BDC, and coordinating the movement of the water piston, the silencer valve (55), and the exhaust valve to ensure synchronized operation; achieving synchronized timing of valve operations and piston movements for efficient engine operation throughout the entire cycle of both the gas piston and steam piston through the suction, expansion, compression, and exhaust strokes.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
High efficiency dual cycle internal combustion engine with steam power recovered from waste heat
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