Enhanced sensation condom

Abstract

An embodiment includes a system comprising a condom. The condom comprises a barrier layer and an adhesive layer. The system further comprises a ring. The barrier layer is coupled to the ring and the adhesive layer is on the barrier layer.

Description

ENHANCED SENSATION CONDOMBACKGROUND

[0001] A female diaphragm or cap is a device which acts as a barrier method of contraception. It fits inside the vagina and prevents sperm passing through the cervix. The female diaphragm does not prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). From a pleasure standpoint, the diaphragm provides for near-optimal contact between the penis and vagina.

[0002] Conventional male condoms are a latex or polyurethane device that completely cover the penis and attempt to trap sperm within it to prevent pregnancy as well as the spread of certain STIs. The female condom is a latex or polyurethane device that resides within the vagina of a female user, extending externally to cover the vulva into which a male partner then penetrates to attempt to contain semen as a contraceptive method. As condoms substantially cover the penis head and shaft, they decrease the sensation of pleasure. This reduction in pleasure reduces the use of condoms during sex and results in unwanted pregnancies or STI spread, resulting in substantially altered human livelihood in many situations and increasing overall healthcare costs. In a similar manner, female condoms form a barrier preventing natural contact between substantial portions of the penis and vagina / vulva, again reducing pleasurable sensations. As such, a significant resistance in user attitudes exists to the use of such products.

[0003] Additionally, conventional male condoms and female condoms may fail to prevent an unintended pregnancy due to user error, inverted application, tearing, puncturing, inadequate lubrication or incorrect sizing. Furthermore, conventional condoms and female condoms may be cumbersome or time-consuming to apply, either in the dark, inebriated situations, or those with limited dexterity / mobility. In the context of sexual intercourse, lack of easy use may lead to dampened user experience, contributing to limited use of such devices.

[0004] Fractional male condoms are known in the art, i.e., condoms covering less than a conventional male condom. The GALACTIC CAP™ is a commercially available fractional condom marketed for pregnancy prevention (https: / / ***. galacticcap.com / ). It is made of polyurethane barrier layer with an adhesive backing and attaches to the penis head and shaft. However, it suffers several important limitations. It can only be applied in an aroused stateand to the extent it still covers a significant portion of the penis shaft, user sensation of pleasure is correspondingly limited. The condom is made from a material that cannot be used with oil lubricants that are otherwise popular among users. The design is complex, making the condom difficult to apply and leading to the possibility of user error. Handling and manipulating thin compliant membranes that fractional adhesive condoms may be composed of, let alone those coated with adhesive, is difficult due to their tendency to bend, fold and collapse under their own weight, and the likelihood of the adhesive fouling or self-adhering during the application process. The condom is also difficult (awkward, painful) to remove. As shown in the user instructions, removal requires the use of baby oil and the recommended (easiest) mode of removal requires the user to urinate into the condom, to inflate the same and then peel off. Even apart from the awkwardness this brings to the removal experience, it is also known to be painful. See, e.g., https: / / ***, vice.com / en / article / znmmp4 / i-tried-the- latest-in-condom-technology-and-it-went-shockingly-well. Leaks have also been reported. The above limitations have significantly limited the impact of the GALATIC CAP™’s appeal to consumers.

[0005] Manufacturing three dimensional adhesive articles coupled to thin elastic or plastic membranes also poses challenges, including the tendency for thin membranes to stretch and deform under their own weight or forces inherent in manufacturing processes. Often carrier films or other carrier methods may be used, but these often impose their own limitation, for example those that are significantly less elastic or non-deformable.

[0006] Other fractional condoms have been reported in the art, subject to similar limitations.

[0007] Wondaleaf Cap® is a commercially available fractional condom that comprises an adhesive coating at the condom opening to stick onto the penile shaft and onto itself to form the proximal portion of the condom and two lateral tabs. The loose-fitting barrier layer is made of polyurethane. The user removes the condom by holding tabs on the side of the device and pulling the condom distally with counter pressure on the penile skin. Similar to GALATIC CAP™, the device can only be applied in an aroused state and to the extent it still covers a significant portion of the penis shaft, user sensation of pleasure is correspondingly limited. The design is also complex, creating the potential for user error (https: / / www.wondaleaf.com / wondaleaf-cap / ).

[0008] WO2014178661A describes a fractional condom with a barrier layer made from polyurethane and having a discontinuous adhesive layer and a pre-formed semen reservoir that protrudes from the device prior to use (i.e., the condom is non-planar prior to use). The adhesive is said to be double-sided tape, e.g., 3M double-sided tape, or generally a “medical adhesive layer” or pressure sensitive adhesive.

[0009] US 11,234,858 describes a body fluid collection device comprising a fitting component and a collection film applied to the penis via an adhesive layer. The collecting film provides a pre-formed semen reservoir (i.e., the condom is non-planar prior to use). The fitting component and the collection film are typically non-continuous, in a structure said to avoid semen leakage more effectively. The constituent material of the adhesive layer may include, for example, a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

[0010] There is a need for contraceptive devices that prevent pregnancy and provide increased sensation in comparison with that of existing contraceptive devices yet offers ease of application and removal.SUMMARY

[0011] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a fractional condom comprising a barrier layer suitable for prohibiting passage of semen and comprising an inner surface and outer surface, and an adhesive layer adhered to at least a portion of the surface of the barrier layer; wherein the condom is configured for adhesion of the adhesive layer to the glans of the penis of a human subject, the condom is configured to provide fractional coverage of the penis (e.g., a glans sheath), and the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive that comprises a stimuli-responsive polymer formed from one or more monomers (e.g., acrylate or methacrylate monomers) and optionally one or more poly functional crosslinkers (e.g., trifunctional crosslinkers), wherein when the condom is applied to the penis, the adhesive layer adheres to the glans of the penis, and the adhesive layer can be removed from the glans of the penis following application of a stimulus (e.g., a mechanical stimulus) to the condom. In some embodiments, the fractional condom is planar prior to use. In some embodiments, the barrier layer further comprises a self-forming semen reservoir. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is coextensive with the barrier layer. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is the sole means for securing the condom to the penis.

[0012] In some embodiments, the fractional coverage is limited to the tip of the penis. In some embodiments, the fractional coverage is limited to the head of the penis. In some embodiments, the fractional coverage does not include the shaft of the penis. In some embodiments, the fractional coverage includes a portion of the shaft of the penis. In some embodiments, the fractional coverage includes the base of the penis or below the base of the penis.

[0013] In some embodiments, the condom permits on-demand delamination in response to a stimulus, wherein delamination produces substantially no pain to the user and leaves substantially no residue or residue that is removed in a facile manner.

[0014] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a package comprising a condom described herein.

[0015] In still another aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising (a) a condom described herein or a package comprising a condom described herein and (b) instructions for use.

[0016] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of applying a condom of disclosed herein to the penis of a human subject comprising contacting the adhesive layer of the condom to the glans of the penis and applying pressure to the condom sufficient to adhere the condom to the glans of the penis.

[0017] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of removing a condom disclosed herein from the penis of a human subject comprising applying a stimulus to the condom whose adhesive layer is adhered to the glans of the penis and removing the condom from the glans of the penis.

[0018] In still another aspect, the present disclosure provides a fractional adhesive condom system that comprises a fractional adhesive condom device wherein the condom device is easy and reliable to apply, mitigating the likelihood of a use error or resistance to use from adverse user experiences. The condom system disclosed herein comprises an enhanced sensation condom device held in an open configuration by a support ring connected to the barrier layer via an elastic compliant connecting membrane that separates from the condom upon a suitable application of force by a user’s hand when the condom is in contact with theuser’s penis. The enhanced sensation condom device comprises a barrier layer suitable to prevent the passage of semen with an inner surface and an outer surface, and an adhesive layer mated to at least a portion of the inner surface of the barrier layer suitable for affixing the device to the penis of a user with suitable energy of adhesion to contain semen and seal it from passing from the interior of the device to the exterior.

[0019] In still another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for applying a fractional adhesive condom device to the penis of a user by action of the fractional adhesive condom system to bring the adhesive layer in contact with the penis of the user and separate the connecting membrane from the condom (comprising the barrier layer and adhesive layer) so as to result in a fractional adhesive condom affixed to the penis of the user ready for intercourse.

[0020] In still another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of manufacture of the condom system that resolves the manipulation and handling challenges of fabricating an adhesive product, particularly a three-dimensional adhesive product. In one embodiment, the condom system manufacturing method comprises a dip coating process followed by an adhesive assembly step. In another embodiment, the condom system manufacturing method comprises a thermoplastic material forming process followed by an adhesive assembly process. In yet another embodiment, the condom system manufacturing method comprises a thermoplastic material forming process following the assembly of an adhesive subassembly process.

[0021] In still another aspect, the present disclosure provides a package comprising a fractional adhesive condom system. In some embodiments, the fractional adhesive condom system is integrated into the package and the package facilitates the application method, while also reducing the likelihood of improper use errors.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood with regard to the following description, and accompanying drawings, where:

[0023] FIGS. 1A and IB shows perspective views of a complex-curvature condom (FIG. 1A) and planar condom (FIG. IB). In panel A, a complex-curvature condom (one with nonzero gaussian curvature) comprises a continuous barrier layer (0101) and an adhesive layer (0102). An optional release liner (013) protects the adhesive layer prior to use to prevent sticking to itself or unintended surfaces and facilitates in user-handling. Optionally, the portion of the barrier layer covering the urethra meatus (opening) does not have adhesive (0104) to (a) mitigate unintended adhesion to the urethra and (b) provide a space for ejaculate fluids to flow into either a pre- formed or self-forming reservoir. In panel B, a planar condom, or one with zero gaussian curvature, comprises a continuous barrier layer (0101) and an adhesive layer (0102). An optional release liner (013) protects the adhesive layer prior to use to prevent sticking to itself or unintended surfaces and facilitates in user-handling.Optionally, a hole (0104) exists in the adhesive layer in the portion of the device covering the urethral meatus (opening), so as to (a) mitigate adhesion to the urethra and (b) provide a space for ejaculate fluids to flow into either a pre-formed or self- forming reservoir.

[0024] FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a condom comprised of a barrier layer (0201) and a two-adhesive pattern, consisting of a primary adhesive (0202) such as a water-soluble adhesive responsible for the primary attachment of the device to the glans, and a gasket adhesive (0203) that either enhances the sealing efficacy of the device or separates a water- soluble primary adhesive from aqueous vaginal or (pre-)ejaculate fluids.

[0025] FIGS. 3A and 3B shows cross-sections of an exemplary diaphragm described herein having (FIG. 3 A) a constant thickness (0311) and (FIG. 3B) a non-constant thickness (0321).

[0026] FIG. 4 shows a plot of adhesive strength of adhesives according to Example 10.

[0027] FIG. 5 shows a graph of tensile strain capacity of adhesives according to Example 11.

[0028] FIG. 6 shows a graph of tensile strain capacity of adhesives according to Example 11.

[0029] FIG. 7 shows a graph of tensile strain capacity of adhesives according to Example 11.

[0030] FIG. 8 shows a graph of peel strength of an adhesive according to Example 12 in a 180-degree peel test using a human skin substrate analog.

[0031] FIG. 9 shows a graph of peel strength of adhesives according to Example 12 in a 180- degree peel test using a glass substrate.

[0032] FIG. 10 shows a plot of tan(5) for adhesives according to Example 13.

[0033] FIG. 11 shows a plot of storage and loss modulus for adhesives according to Example 13.

[0034] FIG. 12 shows a zoomed-in view of loss and storage moduli for L6 adhesive illustrating crossover between elastic and viscous regimes between at 0.05 MPA and 8 rad / sec.

[0035] FIG. 13 shows a plot of the change in tan(5) for adhesives according to Example 13 over the range of 0 °C to 50 °C.

[0036] FIG. 14 shows DMA measurements of storage (G’) and loss (G”) moduli as a function of temperature for the L6 adhesive.

[0037] FIG. 15 shows DMA measurements of tan(5), the ratio of the loss modulus over the storage modulus, for the L6 adhesive.

[0038] FIG. 16 shows DMA measurements of storage (G’) and loss (G”) moduli as a function of temperature for the L6 adhesive.

[0039] FIG. 17 shows DMA measurements of tan(5), the ratio of the loss modulus over the storage modulus, for the L6 adhesive.

[0040] FIG. 18 shows DMA measurements of storage (G’) and loss (G”) moduli as a function of temperature for LMA and BA adhesives.

[0041] FIG. 19 shows DMA measurements of tan(5), the ratio of the loss modulus over the storage modulus, for LMA and BA adhesives.

[0042] FIG. 20 shows the angular strain of the L6 adhesive at different temperatures.

[0043] FIG. 21 shows the shear rate of the L6 adhesive at different temperatures.

[0044] FIG. 22 shows the angular strain of the LMA and BA adhesives at different temperatures.

[0045] FIG. 23 shows the shear rate of the LMA and BA adhesives at different temperatures.

[0046] FIG. 24 shows the tack strength of the L6 adhesive at varied different temperatures.

[0047] FIG. 25 shows the tack strength of LMA and BA adhesives at different temperatures.

[0048] FIGS. 26A and 26B shows a perspective view of a condom. Panel B shows a cross- sectional side view of the embodiment of panel A.

[0049] FIG. 27 shows a side view of a fractional condom.

[0050] FIG. 28 shows a cross-sectional side view of fractional condom including a wrinkled barrier layer and a wrinkled adhesive layer.

[0051] FIGS. 29A and 29B show cross-sectional perspective views of a fractional condom with a horizontally folded semen receptacle.

[0052] FIGS. 30A and 30B show a planar condom adhered to a glans pre-ejaculation (FIG. 30A) and mid-ejaculation (FIG. 30B).

[0053] FIG. 31 shows a plot of mechanical characteristics related to an embodiment’s suitability for expansion and accommodation of ejaculate.

[0054] FIG. 32 shows the gel fraction of the sol-gel analysis in Example 18 of various adhesives.

[0055] FIG. 33 shows a Wong-Baker qualitative pain assessment for removing various condoms according to Example 19.

[0056] FIGS. 34A show a condom with a reinforcement rib and FIG. 34B shows fluid flow inflating the reservoir necking due to the reinforcement.

[0057] FIGS. 35A and 35B and 35C and 35D shows (FIG. 35A) a developable surface adhesive condom with non-developable reservoir. The adhesive 100 has been developed into two planar pieces by introducing a seam at the back (ventral) centerline (101 surface) and atthe front (dorsal) centerline (102 surface); (FIG. 35B) developable surface adhesive condom of previous picture top view, illustrating that the developed adhesive surfaces are not simply top-down projections; (FIG. 35C) front (dorsal), side and back (ventral) views of the geometry comprising a reservoir 201, barrier layer 200 and adhesive layer 100, where mild- sloping surfaces 1010 when viewed from the side facilitates rolling through well-mandrel manufacturing method, and curved edges 1011 to conform to the glans, and the indentation 1012 between ventral-side wings surrounds the frenulum on the coronal peak, yet leave the frenulum exposed; (FIG. 35D) cross-section of developable adhesive condom, with a zoom showing three-layer construction of the barrier layer on outside 200 and adhesive layer 100 comprised of two developable adhesive laminates on interior.

[0058] FIGS. 36A and 36B shows (FIG. 36A) a variant of developable surface showing broader glans attachment region, but steeper ventral surface. Preferable geometries balance between: (i) steep sides (as shown on the back surface) which aligns the adhesive more in shear when the reservoir fills, thereby reducing the angle between the reservoir and adhesive layer, reducing the peel-up force, (ii) Shallower sides (as shown on the front surface) that are easier to fold from a planar developable sheet or thermoform from a planar sheet. (FIG. 36B) Illustration of how step sides create more extreme geometries that must undergo larger bending when split along a shallower face (left planar surface) to form the 3D geometry (center) compares to shallower sides that are closer to the circular ring shape (as illustrated by the right planar surface).

[0059] FIGS. 37A and 37B and 37C show several embodiments of wings.

[0060] FIG. 38 shows a cross section of a double-body condom with a developable adhesive surface 1002.

[0061] FIG. 39 shows an illustration of the forces exerted on the device upon ejaculation and containment of fluids. Reaction forces imparted from the barrier layer tension T to the adhesive illustrated by R_1 and R_2.

[0062] FIG. 40 shows a doubly curved double body condom with adhesive layer 1002 coupled to a barrier layer that is also attached to reservoir barrier layer 10012 at peripheralattachment region 301, and folds 10099 for creating additional void volume in the reservoir are pre-molded into the reservoir barrier layer.

[0063] FIG. 41 shows an embodiment of a developable adhesive surface condom with a double-body construction.

[0064] FIG. 42 shows a flow chart of steps to manufacture a condom using a well-mandrel method.

[0065] FIG. 43 shows the well and mandrel of a well-mandrel manufacturing method.

[0066] FIG. 44 shows a flow chart of steps to manufacture and package a single layer condom using a well-mandrel method.

[0067] FIG. 45 shows several exemplary developable adhesive surface geometries for exemplary condom embodiments.

[0068] FIG. 46 shows a release liner for covering the adhesive in an exemplary developable adhesive condom embodiment.

[0069] FIG. 47 shows examples of developable adhesive surface condoms fabricated from TPU using a thermoforming process with reservoir region adhesive passivation.

[0070] FIG. 48 shows examples of developed adhesive layers covered in release liner and extended to overlap when wrapped to fabricate exemplary embodiments of a developable adhesive condom.

[0071] FIG. 49 shows examples of developable adhesive surface condoms fabricated from TPU using a thermoforming process.

[0072] FIG. 50 shows examples of developable adhesive surface condoms fabricated from natural rubber latex using a dip coating process.

[0073] FIG. 51 shows a package for a condom (barrier layer 101 and adhesive layer 102). Receiving body 710 with flange 711. Lid 720 with pull tab 721 removably mated to flange 711 of receiving body 710. A release liner 730 is present to protect the adhesive layer and iscoupled to the inside of the lid 720 at point 731 so that upon opening of the package, the release liner is pulled off the adhesive layer.

[0074] FIG. 52 shows a package for a condom (barrier layer 101 and adhesive layer 102). Receiving body 710 with flange 711. Lid 720 with pull tab 721 removably mated to flange 711 of receiving body 710. A release liner 730 is present to protect the adhesive layer and is coupled to the inside of the lid 720 at point 731 so that upon opening of the package, the release liner is pulled off the adhesive layer. An optional temporary adhesive 732 is present to provide a reaction (resistance) force against the lid pulling the release liner 730 from the adhesive layer 102 as the package is opened.

[0075] FIG. 53 shows a package for containing a condom with a foil or film lid.

[0076] FIG. 54 shows a flow chart of steps for a method of use of using a packaged condom such as the one depicted in FIG. 53.

[0077] FIG. 55A shows a package for a condom with two film covers and FIG. 55B application of the packaged condom of Fig. 55A to the penis.

[0078] FIGS. 56A and 56B shows an axisymmetric surface of revolution condom geometry having a monotonic-curve reservoir and (FIG. 56A) a developable adhesive layer, or (FIG. 56B) a non-developable adhesive layer.

[0079] FIGS. 57A and 57B shows an axisymmetric surface of revolution condom geometry having a bulb- reservoir and (FIG. 57A) a developable adhesive layer, or (FIG. 57B) a non- developable adhesive layer.

[0080] FIGS. 58A-58F shows several variants of creating developable or non-developable adhesive layer geometries in a closed three-dimensional ring shape: (FIG. 58 A) abutting adhesive; (FIG. 58B) overlapping adhesive; (FIG. 58C) two layers of abutting adhesive with non-coincident seams; (FIG. 58D) two layers with an overlap seam on one layer and an abutting seam on the other layer; (FIG. 58E) deformed ring with stress relief cuts; (FIG. 58F) two layers of deformed rings with non-coincident relief cuts.

[0081] FIG. 59 shows a “breakaway condom’’ with condom 100, a non-adhesive barrier layer skirt 1100 that separates upon application (step 1 bottom row) by the application of forcealong the separation line (e.g., perforations) 1101. The condom 100 comprises a barrier layer 100, an adhesive layer 102 and an optional reservoir 101. The bottom row is a three-step method of use for applying the breakaway enhanced sensation condom to a user’s penis glans comprising (1) aligning the condom and pulling on the skirt 1100; (2) separation of the skirt 1100 along the separation line 1101; (3) removing the skirt, in this case using an axial perforation 1102 to “unwrap” the skirt. Optionally, a beaded or thickened peripheral edge 1103 is present to facilitate grasping and manipulation.

[0082] FIG. 60 shows a condom with pull tab release liner applicator illustrated by the bottom release liner affixed to the adhesive layer of an exemplary axisymmetric condom with barrier layer 101 and adhesive layer 102, wherein the release liner applicator originates at the peripheral edge of the adhesive layer, resides in contact with the adhesive surface extending to the interior edge of the adhesive layer, at which point 5001 it makes a 180-degree bend to double-back on itself, with the free end (not in contact with the adhesive surface) extending beyond the periphery of the condom, terminating in a pull tab 5002. A symmetry axis is denoted by 0000.

[0083] FIG. 61 shows a condom cross section with a release liner applicator 5001 depicted with pull tab 5002 that is reinforced with a stiffer plastic or equivalent sheet material. Also depicted is an overhang 5003 on the originating edge of the release liner on the peripheral edge of the adhesive 102, which can help facilitate sliding of thicker adhesives on the target surface. Barrier layer 101 depicted. The symmetry axis is 0000.

[0084] FIG. 62 shows a flow chart of steps illustrating a method of use of the release liner applicator for an exemplarily enhanced sensation condom and an exemplary two-piece release liner applicator with the pull tabs oriented to the left and right sides. Step (1) the device is placed on the glans 0001 with the release liners 5001 intact covering the adhesive layer, preventing the device from adhering to the glans surface. Step (2) the device is aligned by sliding it tangential to the glans surface, for example to align the reservoir with the urethra opening. Step (3) the tabs 5002 are pulled out (action labeled 8000A and 8000B), exposing the adhesive 102 incrementally, from the inner edge of the adhesive first, progressing towards the peripheral edge. A zoomed inset is shown below showing this motion. The orientation of the 180 degree peel induces a mild tension in the condom which aides in mitigating wrinkles and folds in the barrier layer 101 and adhesive layer 102 as the adhesive makes direct contact(contact labeled with 8001) to the glans skin. Step (4) the release liner applicator pieces are fully separated, and the condom is applied.

[0085] FIGS. 63A and 63B show condoms (in cross-section) with single piece release liner applicator cross-sections for a cylindrical tube geometry (FIG. 63A) and conical tube geometry (FIG. 63B). Overlapping attachment or vertical perforation illustrated by 5100 aide in unwrapping the applicator from the penis shaft after device is applied to the glans. Barrier layer 101 , adhesive layer 102, reservoir 103, pull tab release liner applicator 5001.

[0086] FIG. 64 shows drawing of release liner pieces in planar form for a two-piece release liner applicator, depicting adhesive covering sections and extending wings that will be mated to pull tabs, cut from the developed adhesive section. Bending stress relief cuts are present, and small triangular overlapping wings can be seen that cover the seam between the abutting pieces of release liner.

[0087] FIG. 65 shows pull tabs cut from stiffer (reinforced) plastic material that are attached to release liner pull wings. Bend displayed to orient the pull tabs in a horizontally protruding manner away from body of device. Low tack adhesive placed on flange to tack the pull tab to exterior surface of the barrier layer to organize and restrain the release liner pull wings from draping into the center of device during application manipulation.

[0088] FIG. 66 shows steps of a method for assembly.

[0089] FIGS. 67A and 67B shows drawings of release liner pieces in planar form (FIG. 67 A) for a three-piece release liner applicator, depicting adhesive covering sections and extending wings (9101) that will be mated to pull tabs, cut from the developed adhesive section (FIG. 67B).

[0090] FIGS. 68A and 68B shows drawings of release liner pieces in planar form (FIG. 68A) for a four-piece release liner applicator, depicting adhesive covering sections and extending wings (9201) that will be mated to pull tabs, cut from the developed adhesive section (FIG. 68B).

[0091] FIG. 69 shows a flow chart of steps for an adhesive overdip process.

[0092] FIG. 70 shows a schematic of an adhesive article with an adhesive layer 201, backing layer 202 and the interfacial surface 210 between the adhesive layer 201 and the backing layer 202.

[0093] FIG. 71 shows an adhesive layer 102 affixed to a mold with a seam cover 301 covering the seam 310 in the adhesive layer ring of specification section addressing Example 3.

[0094] FIGS. 72A and 72B and 72C shows the steps of an adhesive overdip method of manufacture for an exemplary condom, comprising (FIG. 72A) step 1 a previously prepared lightly crosslinked adhesive applied to a rigid mold; (FIG. 72B) step 2 mold with adhesive affixed to the mold being dipped into a bath of substantially liquid backing material (e.g., liquid natural rubber latex); (FIG. 72C) step 3 mold with backing layer now coated on the mold and adhesive.

[0095] FIG. 73 shows the cross section of the condom illustrating the reservoir 1001, the adhesive 1002, the support ring 1003, the connecting membrane 1004 that connects the ring 1003 to the condom at the periphery of the adhesive 1010 which is also the separation line when the point 1010 is revolved about the device axis (vertical centerline in this figure).

[0096] FIG. 74 shows a condom mold side view (axisymmetric about the vertical centerline) illustrating the reservoir 1001, the adhesive zone 2002, which is optionally a developable surface, an optional thinning zone step 2003 induces a thin spot while dip coating as one suitable means for creating the separation line (either on its own or in conjunction with perforations), a radius at the periphery of the condom 2004 and a radius 2005 at the bottom of the thinning zone step, and a radius 2006 at the top edge of the mold where the connecting membrane will meet the top (as depicted) support ring 1003 (not depicted in this diagram).

[0097] FIG. 75 shows a three-dimensional illustration of the condom with support ring. Exaggerated perforations illustrated on the separation line at the periphery of the condom junction with the connecting membrane.

[0098] FIG. 76 shows a flow chart of manufacturing process steps, including illustrations of key steps.

[0099] FIG. 77 shows flow chart of application process, including illustrations of key steps.

[0100] FIGS. 78A and 78B and 78C shows (FIG. 78 A) cross-section view of axisymmetric surface of revolution generatrix poly-curve; (FIG. 78B) generatrix line for a developable surface adhesive geometry; (FIG. 78C) generatrix curve for a cambered adhesive geometry (non-developable or doubly curved surface).

[0101] FIG. 79 shows a bulb reservoir condom system showing reservoir neck 7002 and virtual cylinder extents 7001 of reservoir to avoid interference or fouling of the adhesive during inversion while de-molding.

[0102] FIGS. 80A and 80B shows (FIG. 80 A) reinforcement rib 8001 at the neck of the reservoir near the junction of the reservoir with the adhesive region of the barrier layer (adhesive depicted); (FIG. 80B) reservoir inflated upon ejaculation 8010 showing effect of reinforcement rib 8001 to create a neck at the base of the reservoir.

[0103] FIG. 81 shows a molded cup 901 package with lid 902 attached at flange of lid 903. This is an example of a thermoforming manufacturing process.

[0104] FIG. 82 shows a double-ended package with top lid 1 102 and bottom lid 1103 attached to package body 1101 at top flange 1104 and bottom flange 1105, respectively.

[0105] FIGS. 83A and 83B shows a double-ended package with body 1101, inwardprotruding top flange 1 104 and outward-protruding bottom flange 1105. FIG. 83 A shows a cross section of the inward top flange which provides a mechanical stop for the support ring during application, and the outward bottom flange provides a mechanical stop for fingers when gripping the outer surface of the package body during application to facilitate the application of force to active the separation behavior. FIG. 83A also shows an attachment 1110 between the package body 1101 and the support ring. FIG. 83B shows the application of the packaged condom illustrated in FIG. 83A.

[0106] FIGS. 84A and 84B show a cross section of integrated support ring package with body 1101 with peripheral edge of the connecting means (connecting membrane) affixed to the interior surface of the package body 1101 at 1110 by an exemplary adhesive joint (FIG. 84A), and a cross section of integrated support ring package with beaded peripheral edge ofthe connecting means (membrane) with a mechanical constraint 1110 for the beaded edge (FIG. 84B).DETAILED DESCRIPTION1.1. Definitions

[0107] When describing the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following terms, if present, have the following meanings, unless otherwise indicated. If not otherwise defined, terms have their customary meaning in the relevant art.

[0108] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together,etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”

[0109] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0110] As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible sub-ranges and combinations of sub-ranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” and the like include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into sub-ranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 articles refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 articles. Similarly, a group having 1-5 articles refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 articles, and so forth.

[0111] "Adhesion," as used herein, refers to the ability of a composition or material to adhere or "stick" to a substrate (e.g., the skin). Adhesion is measured as adhesive force in Newtons (N). The higher the adhesive force, the higher will be the number of Newtons required to peel one object from the other.

[0112] "Adhesive," as used herein, refers to a composition or material that adheres to a substrate (e.g., the skin or a barrier layer).

[0113] "Bio-based," as used herein, refers to materials derived from natural sources.

[0114] "Biodegradable," as used herein, means used herein with reference to a composition or that can be degraded by living microorganisms like fungi or bacteria, without regard to a particular time frame or degradable by environmental conditions suitable for life such as ambient moisture and atmospheric conditions.

[0115] "Compostable," as used herein, means refers to a composition or article that require microorganisms, humidity, and heat to yield a finished compost product (CO2, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass). Compostable is distinguished from biodegradable in that compostable compositions and articles must break down into natural elements within a specific time frame. In one embodiment, the compositions and articles disclosed herein complies set forth by the U.S. Composting Council, Environmental Protection Agency, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International), or Tuv Austria.

[0116] ' 'Controlled porosity," as used herein, refers to pores which are normally closed that are stimulated to open, thereby allowing the passage of fluids as allowed by their rheological properties.

[0117] ' 'Conventional condom," as used herein, refers to a condom that comprises a continuous elastic tubular wall with a closed distal end (tip) and an open proximal end, typically made of a thin, soft material such as latex or polyurethane, that when in use provides coverage on the penis head (i.e., the glans of the penis) and shaft. The length of a conventional condom in use is typically between about 7 and about 8 inches, but with commercially available products up to 9 inches and down to about 6.3 inches. Numerous condom brand manufacturers and products are known in the art. See, e.g., https: / / www.troianbrands.com / en / products / condoms and https : / / w w w . durexusa. com / collections / condoms , each incorporated herein by reference.

[0118] “Crosslink Density,” as used herein, refers to average molecular weight between crosslinks, (https: / / www.pcimag.com / articles / 104955-calculation-of-crosslink-density-of- thermoset-polymers). Flory, et al., put forth theory in crosslink density in the 1940s.

[0119] “Curing,” as used herein, refers to the chemical process of converting a macromolecule into a higher molecular weight polymer via crosslinking reactions.

[0120] “Debonding,” as used herein, refers the mechanism of debonding may vary and include, for example, phase changes, chemical reactions, cross-linking and volumetric expansion.

[0121] "Elastomeric" or “elastomeric behavior,” as used herein, refers to generally linear elastic or combined linear elastic and plastic deformation stress / strain behavior for a material as it is strained in a regime in a region above a key transition regime such that stress / strain hysteresis is generally conserved.

[0122] "Flexible" or "flexible behavior," as used herein, refers to behavior of a rigid, viscoelastic or elastomeric material that can be described as compliant or deformable to fit the demands of a specific engineering application.

[0123] “Fractional coverage,” as used herein, refers to substantially less coverage of the penis that a conventional condom. In certain embodiments, the fractional condom disclosed herein does not contact or cover the shaft of the penis. In certain embodiments, the fractional condom does not contact or cover the corona and frenulum.

[0124] “Room temperature" (used interchangeably with "ambient temperature"), as used herein, refers to a temperature from 20-25 °C.

[0125] “Selectively permeable,” as used herein, refers to differential permeability. For example, a membrane contains channels or passages that allow specific molecules to pass through, either passively or actively, while not permitting passage of other molecules. Active transport through the membrane requires an energy input, which may be from a mechanical, acoustic, chemical, electrical, magnetic, pH change, ionic strength, thermal or optical source.

[0126] “Tg”, as used herein, refers to the glass transition temperature of a polymer. At this temperature, polymers undergo a transition from glassy to rubbery state. Tg is an important feature of polymer behavior. It marks a region of dramatic changes in the physical and mechanical properties. Below a polymer’s Tg, due to lack of mobility, the polymer is hard and brittle. Above a polymer’s Tg, due to increased mobility, the polymer is soft and flexible.

[0127] “Stimuli-responsive,” as used herein, refers to a change in physical, environmental, physico-chemical, thermomechanical, mechanical, thermal, energetic or other properties of a composition or material arising from exposure to a stimulus including, for example, a change in temperature, pH, ionic strength, environmental conditions including moisture, water immersion, exposure or humidity, solvent exposure, exposure to electromagnetic radiation including gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared waves, radio waves, ultrasonic waves, high humidity, magnetism, electricity, as well as mechanical forces, e.g., shear rate or peeling. In one embodiment, stimuli-responsive does not encompass application of liquid, such as baby oil, to the material to effect the change in properties of the material. In one embodiment, stimuli-responsive refers to a change in physical, environmental, physicochemical, thermomechanical, mechanical, thermal, energetic or other properties of a composition or material previously applied to a substrate (e.g., skin) arising from exposure to a stimulus. A stimuli-responsive adhesive can be contrasted with a mechanically passive adhesive.

[0128] “Mechanically passive adhesive” refers to an adhesive that is that are designed to maintain their structural and mechanical properties after placement. Many pressure-sensitive adhesives are mechanically passive adhesives. In certain embodiments, the adhesive layer does not comprise a mechanically passive adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive.

[0129] “Shear rate,” as used herein, refers to the rate at which a shearing deformation occurs. A shearing deformation is one whereby parallel lamellae (layers) of a fluid, gel or solid material moves past one another in a sliding manner. These layers may be discrete (possessing finite measurable thickness) or continuous (infinitesimally thin or not individually discernable). A shear rate may be a constant function in time, a monotonic function in time, a non-periodic nonmonotonic or a periodic function in time. Periodic is understood to mean a function that is truly periodic in time, or is approximately periodic in time (e.g., a sine function).

[0130] “Frequency responsive,” as used herein, refers to the behavior of a material or fluid that changes under the application of a periodic or near-periodic force or displacement in time. This applied quantity can be called a “signal”. The applied signal has a defined amplitude and frequency, and optionally phase, all of which may be constant or varying in time and / or space.

[0131] “Shear responsive,” as used herein, refers to behavioral changes of a material (e.g., gel, solid, or liquid) under the application of different shear displacements or shear rates.

[0132] “Force responsive,” as used herein, refers to behavioral changes of a material (e.g., gel, solid, or liquid) under the application of different magnitudes of force.

[0133] ‘ ‘Nonlinear force,” as used herein, refers to a type of force in which the relationship between the force and its effect on a system is not proportional or does not follow a simple, linear equation.

[0134] “Network,” as used herein with reference to a polymer, refers to macromolecular architecture formed by cross-linked polymer chains. Cross-links are covalent bonds or other strong interactions such as entanglements, supramolecular interactions, or physical interactions such as polymer chain interactions with crystalline or glassy phases.

[0135] “Interpenetrating network” (“IPN”), as used herein, refers to a unique type of polymer material that comprises two or more independent polymer networks, which are physically entangled but not covalently bonded to each other. Each network maintains its distinct identity, but the networks are intertwined at the molecular level, forming a composite material with properties derived from the combination of the individual networks.

[0136] “Semi-interpenetrating network” (“Semi-IPN”), as used herein, refers to a crosslinked or branched polymer network and an entangled linear or branched additional polymer or series of polymers.

[0137] “Heterogeneous network,” as used herein, refers to a polymer network with a non- uniform crosslink density distribution.

[0138] “Gel Fraction” refers to the mass of a polymer remaining after washing with suitable solvent divided by initial mass. Means for determining the gel fraction are known in the art.

[0139] “Sol Fraction” refers to the mass of a polymer lost after washing with a substantial suitable solvent divided by initial mass. Means for determining the sol fraction are known in the art.

[0140] “Heterogeneous crosslinking,” as used herein, refers to crosslinking distributed in a polymer network or system that is non-uniform.

[0141] “Monomer reactivity ratios,” as used herein, refers to parameters used in polymer chemistry to describe the relative reactivity of two monomers in a copolymerization reaction. A copolymerization reaction involves the simultaneous polymerization of two different monomers, forming a copolymer with varying monomer compositions.

[0142] “Self-healing,” as used herein, refers to a class of smart materials that possess the ability to autonomously repair themselves when subjected to mechanical damage or microcracks. This self-repair process can occur without the need for external stimuli or intervention, thereby enhancing the material's durability, reliability, and longevity. Self- healing can occur by flow of viscous or viscoelastic constituents.

[0143] “Enhanced sensation” or “enhanced pleasure,” as used herein, refers to increased exposure of sensory neurons and / or increased exposed penile surface area and / or increased sexual arousal and / or increased simulation of sensory neurons. The sensation or pleasure may be the users, the partners or both (collectively, the “users”).

[0144] “Preventing” (used interchangeably with “prohibiting”), as used herein, refers to reducing, minimizing, or eliminating the release of semen outside the barrier layer in the present disclosure in comparison to natural release during ejaculation.

[0145] “Plasticizer,” as used herein, refers to an additive that, when added to a polymer, polymer blend, copolymer, copolymer blend, polymer network or copolymer network, results in thermomechanical behavior consistent with that understood to be associated with plasticization, namely, decrease in glass transition temperature, lowering of crystalline melting temperature, triggering of stress relaxation or resulting in increased or decreased adhesion strength. Plasticizers may be added in approximately about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt% etc. increasing up to about 30 wt% or about 50 wt% or more to polymer, copolymer or network mixtures or blends. Examples of plasticizers for various polymer systems are known an include water, common solvents, small molecules such as phthalates, glycerol or fatty acid compounds, triacetin, poly(ethylene glycol) compounds that are liquid at room temperature with molecular weights ranging from 1 to 30 or more repeat units,vegetable oil, detergents and other common plasticizing agents. Low molecular weight oligomers can also plasticize high molecular weight or crosslinked polymers of the same or similar chemical composition.

[0146] “Substantially less,” as used herein, refers to a reduction in covered penile surface area in comparison with that covered by a traditional condom such that enhanced sensation or pleasure occurs. Substantially less may be, for example, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80% or about 90% or less surface area.

[0147] “Elastomeric behavior,” as used herein, refers to generally linear elastic or combined linear elastic and plastic deformation stress / strain behavior for a material as it is strained in a regime in a region above a key transition regime such that stress / strain hysteresis is generally conserved.

[0148] “Flexible behavior,” as used herein, refers to behavior of a rigid, viscoelastic or elastomeric material that can be described as compliant or deformable to fit the demands of a specific engineering application.

[0149] “Self-form,” as used herein, refers to natural expansion of barrier layer in the present disclosure upon forces resulting from application of the barrier layer to the penis and / or ejaculation such that barrier layer expands but does not substantially release seminal fluid outside its boundaries.

[0150] “Reduce" or “reduction," as used herein, refers to a decrease in a particular property. The reduction may be, for example, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90% or at least about 99% or more. The decrease can be measured by any suitable means, for example, by any suitable method known in the art. In the case of coverage of a condom of an erect penis, reduction may be decreased erect penis surface area of, for example, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90% or at least about 99% or more. In the case of coverage of a condom that primarily covers a portion of the head of the penis but exposes other sections of the head of the penis and the shaft of the penis, reduction may be decreased erect penis head surface area of, forexample, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90% or at least about 99% or more. In all cases, reduction of erect penis coverage may include exposure of sections of the penis that have high sensation / sensory neuron presence, including the frenulum.

[0151] “Enhanced" as used herein refers to an increase in a particular property. The enhancement may be, for example, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90% or at least about 100% or more. The increase can be measured by any suitable means, for example, by any suitable method known in the art. In one embodiment, the condom disclosed herein enhances sexual pleasure compared to other condoms known in the art, including but not limited to conventional condoms. In one embodiment, the condom disclosed herein enhances sexual pleasure compared to other condoms known in the art, including, but not limited to, conventional condoms.

[0152] “Contraception device" (used interchangeably with “prophylactic device"), as used herein, refers to a mechanical barrier that prevents transmission of fluid during sexual intercourse. A condom is a male contraception device. A diaphragm is a female contraception device.

[0153] “Membrane," as used herein, refers to a layer or film of a solid, continuous polymer material.

[0154] “Subject,” as used herein, refers to the person to which the contraceptive device is, or is intended to be, applied.

[0155] “Polymer,” as used herein, refers substances composed of macromolecules, very large molecules with molecular weights ranging from a few thousand to as high as millions of grams / mole made up of simpler, repeating units, derived from lower molecular weight monomers. Polymer, as used herein, refers to both homopolymers and copolymers.Homopolymers are made from (i.e., they comprise) one type of monomer. Copolymers are made from (i.e., they comprise) two or more different kinds of monomers (e.g., a styrene-butadiene copolymer). The adhesive described herein may comprise one or more polymers, including but not limited to, stimuli-responsive polymers.

[0156] “Pres sure- sensitive adhesive,” as used herein, refers to an adhesive that gains adhesive performance or tack through polymer flow onto the surface onto which the adhesive is pressed to adhere using force. In certain embodiments herein, the adhesive does not comprise a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The term “conventional pressure sensitive adhesive”, as used in the art, refers to any pressure any pressure sensitive adhesive known in the art, and in some embodiments, refers to any commercially available pressure sensitive adhesive referenced herein or to any pressure sensitive adhesive used in the Examples section herein.

[0157] “Adhesive cone”, as used herein, represents the substantially generalized conical surface section that contains adhesive.

[0158] “Body of revolution”, as used herein, is a volume created by revolving a generatrix about an axis.

[0159] “Directrix”, as used herein, is a path that defines the motion of a “generatrix” to create a new shape.

[0160] “Generalized cone”, as used herein, refers to a developable ruled surface containing a vertex or a vertex would exist if the physical surface were extended virtually(* * * .mathworld.wolfram.com / GeneralizedCone.html) .

[0161] “Generatrix”, as used herein, is a line or curve that when moved along a path, called the “directrix”, creates a surface. For example, a generatrix curve may be revolved around an axis to create a surface, called a “surface of revolution”.

[0162] “Semen”, “ejaculate”, “ejaculate fluids” and “sperm-containing fluids”, as used herein, synonymously mean fluids of any volume or rheological character expelled from the urethra that may contain semen or have the propensity to contain sperm cells.

[0163] “Surface of revolution”, as used herein, is any surface that is created by revolving a curve or line (more generally, a generatrix) about an axis.

[0164] A “developable surface” means any surface that has zero Gaussian curvature https : / / en. wikipedia.org / wiki / Developable surface. It is a surface that can be unrolled (i.e., “developed”) onto a flat plane without distortion (stretching or compression). An equivalent practical description that can be used for the purposes of evaluating the geometries described herein is a surface that may be constructed by bending, rolling and twisting an initially planar piece of paper without distorting it (stretching, tearing, compressing or wrinkling). For the purposes of this disclosure, a developable surface may have a crease or overlapping region when constructed out of real materials, but again fit the property that they can be constructed from rolling, bending, and folding a piece of paper.

[0165] A “doubly curved surface” is a surface that has a finite and non- zero Gaussian curvature at least in some locations, and therefore cannot be developed into a planar surface without distortion. Similarly, a planar sheet must be stretched or compressed at least in some locations to form the three-dimensional surface.

[0166] “Distortion” occurs when a of a planar or non-planar (three-dimensional) surface in an initial state of configuration is transformed into a second surface configuration (shape) and the original surface must be compressed or stretched to do so. If the surface may be thought of as a very thin membrane, the surface area of the membrane of the second configuration is different from the surface area in the initial configuration.

[0167] “Void volume” is the initial volume of an incompressible fluid that can be contained within a reservoir without straining the reservoir wall, i.e., the pressure differential between the inside and the outside of the reservoir across the wall is zero.

[0168] “Intercourse” as used herein means acts of penetrative or non-penetrative vaginal, anal, oral, or manual sexual interactions or acts of sexual nature. This also includes the use of artificial anatomical features such as a male masturbator or artificial vagina for manual or self-pleasure.

[0169] “Gaussian curvature” is the product of the two principal curvatures of a surface at any given point. The principal curvatures are the maximum and minimum values of curvature of the surface at a point. https: / / en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Principal_curvatureP.1.2. Contraceptive Devices

[0170] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides contraceptive devices comprising an adhesive comprising a stimuli-responsive polymer, and optionally one or more other polymers, cross linkers and / or additives, wherein when the adhesive of the contraceptive device is adhered to the genital surface of a human subject, the adhesive delaminates from the genital surface upon application of a stimulus to the contraceptive device. In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is a condom, and the genital surface is the glans of the penis. In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is a diaphragm, and the genital surface is the vagina.

[0171] In some embodiments, the contraceptive device comprises a barrier layer suitable for preventing prohibiting passage of bodily fluids during sexual intercourse and comprising an inner surface and outer surface, and an adhesive layer adhered to at least a portion of the inner surface of the barrier layer; wherein the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive that comprises a stimuli-responsive polymer formed from one or more monomers and optionally one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers, wherein when the contraceptive device is applied to the genital surface of a human subject, the adhesive layer adheres to the genital surface, and the adhesive layer can be removed from the genital surface following application of a stimulus to the contraceptive device. In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is a condom, and the genital surface is the glans of the penis. In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is a diaphragm, and the genital surface is the vagina.

[0172] In some embodiments, the human subject is male, and the contraceptive device is applied to and adheres to the penis. In some embodiments, the human subject is female, and the contraceptive device is applied to and adheres to the vagina.

[0173] In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is a fractional condom. The fractional condoms of the present disclosure cover substantially less of the penis than conventional condoms, therein leaving increased penile surface area exposed and providing a framework for increased user sensation. Like a conventional condom, the fractional condom described herein reduces the chance of pregnancy by preventing sperm from reaching the eggs. Unlike conventional condoms, it does not cover the entire penis and correspondingly, may not prevent the spread of certain STIs.

[0174] In some embodiments, the fractional condom is configured for adhesion to the glans of the penis. In some embodiments, the fraction condom is configured for adhesion only to the glans of the penis. In some embodiments, the fractional condom is sized and shaped such that, when applied to the penis, the condom does not contact or cover the corona of the penis. In some embodiments, the condom does not contact or cover the frenulum of the penis. In some embodiments, the fractional condom is sized and shaped such that, when applied to the penis, the condom does not contact the shaft of the penis.

[0175] In some embodiments, the fractional condom has a planar geometry 1400. See, for example, FIG. 26A (which presents a perspective view of condom 1400). The device geometry is planar, such that it may be laid out upon a flat surface without significant stretching, wrinkling, folding, or creasing. The embodiment includes a planar adhesive layer 1401 coupled to a planar barrier layer 1402. A backing layer 1403 may couple to the adhesive layer such that the adhesive layer is between the backing layer and the barrier layer. As shown in FIG. 26B (which provides a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 26A), such an embodiment may include a specific portion of the device for a semen reservoir, however any such reservoir does not extend vertically beyond the barrier layer (i.e., into area 1404). In other words, the thickness of the reservoir is not beyond the combined thickness of the adhesive and barrier layers and therefore is coplanar with the barrier layer (e.g., within area 1405), the adhesive layer, or a combination of the barrier and adhesive layers.

[0176] In some embodiments, the geometry of the condom’s barrier layer may have one principal direction of curvature which may have a constant or varying radius of curvature, but zero curvature in any orthogonal direction. In other words, the Gaussian curvature of the adhesive layer is zero or approximately zero. In an embodiment as shown in FIG. 27, a fractional condom 1500 includes an outer barrier layer 1502 coupled to an inner adhesive layer 1501 (which couples to backing layer 1503). The barrier layer includes a consistent radius of curvature 1512 for over 50% of the width 1520 of the barrier layer. The adhesive layer is coupled to the barrier layer and “nests” underneath the barrier layer, thereby adopting the curvature of the barrier layer albeit at a slightly smaller radius of curvature 1511.

[0177] In some embodiments, the semen reservoir is a self-forming semen reservoir, i.e., in response to application of the condom to the penis and / or ejaculation during use. Upon removal of the package, there is not necessarily a reservoir that protrudes outward away fromouter portions of the condom’s barrier layer. For example, see FIG. 26B. In some embodiments, the reservoir is indistinguishable from other portions of the barrier and does not exist in a sense while residing in the condom packaging. However, a reservoir is formed in use through one or more of the following methods.

[0178] First, as the user ejaculates, the expressed fluid will press upon an internal surface of the device covering the vicinity of the urethra meatus (opening), causing a mechanical deformation of the barrier layer to accommodate the ejaculated fluid volume. The resultant reservoir, which may elastically or plastically deform the barrier and / or adhesive layers is thereby said to be self-forming. For example, by adjusting Young’s modulus for the barrier layer, mechanical deformation may be adjusted to accommodate ejaculate.

[0179] In some embodiments, the condom may comprise a relatively thin barrier layer (e.g., less than 200 microns) (see thickness 1422) coupled to a relatively thick adhesive layer (e.g., greater than 300 microns) (see thickness 1421). The adhesive may not be present in area 1431 of the barrier layer (which covers the urethra meatus). The thickness of the adhesive 1421 creates a gap between the barrier layer and the glans, which is a void volume that may be filled with semen. For example, area 1431 may form a gap where no adhesive is located and the gap is formed between the urethra, adhesive layer portions, and barrier layer.

[0180] In some embodiments, adhesive may be present in area 1431 but may be perforated or thinned (as compared to outer edges of the adhesive in location 1432) to provide flexibility in the otherwise thick adhesion layer to better accommodate ejaculate. In some embodiments, adhesive may be present in area 1431 but a thin membrane 1433 may be included to shield the adhesive from the urethral opening. Embodiments where adhesive remains in area 1431 may facilitate ease of manufacturing by reducing the need for exact placement of adhesive on the barrier layer.

[0181] FIG. 28 shows an embodiment that includes a barrier layer coupled to an adhesive layer. As the condom is applied to the glans of the penis, it will wrinkle and fold, with the user pressing the condom onto the skin of the glans, thereby sealing closed any folds or wrinkles due to the self-adhesive property of the adhesives. See, e.g., folds 1601. Such folds and wrinkles induce a void volume. The void volume may be further increased by pinching a portion of the barrier layer covering the urethra meatus.

[0182] FIGS. 29A and 29B show embodiments including a barrier layer 1702 coupled to an adhesive layer 1701. The reservoir 1703 is pre-formed into the barrier layer using a process compatible with the material. For example, such processes include dip coating for natural rubber latex barrier layers or vacuum / thermo-forming for thermoplastic elastomers barrier layers. The reservoir 1703 is folded using concentric folds in the horizontal plane prior to ejaculation. Upon ejaculation, the reservoir fills with fluid, causing it to both unfold and stretch to accommodate the ejaculate. The horizontal concentric folds of the reservoir both aide in manufacturability, reduce the thickness of the device for easy packaging and storage, and reduce the likelihood of the reservoir unfolding upon removal from the package, during application to the glans, or during intercourse pre-ejaculation in comparison to reservoirs with axial or vertical folding patterns.

[0183] The equilibrium pressure that must be contained by the device following an ejaculation of a specific volume can be tuned through the selection of a combination of the barrier layer (or barrier and adhesive layers) Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, thickness, and initial void volume. The minimum limit of the equilibrium pressure is zero-gauge pressure measured across the reservoir’s walls and occurs when the initial void volume is equal to or greater than the ejaculate volume. In an embodiment a relatively smaller sized preformed semen reservoir simplifies manufacturing, lowers materials cost, eases user experience, and is more aesthetically pleasing to users. When the initial void volume is less than the ejaculate volume, the device may stretch to accommodate the remainder of the ejaculate fluid. In the limit that the initial void volume is zero or approximately zero (meaning less than 0.01 mL or less than 0.1 mL or less than 0.2 mL or less than 0.5 mL or less than 1 mL), the reservoir is self-forming.

[0184] For example, FIG. 30A shows a planar condom attached to glans pre-ejaculation. FIG. 30B shows the condom attached to glans, mid-way through ejaculation (showing accumulation of ejaculate and the barrier layer stretching to accommodate the fluid).

[0185] While not being bound to any specific theory of operation, an embodiment with a “self- forming reservoir” illustrates a counterintuitive behavior of thin-walled (hyper-)elastic pressure vessel reservoirs, which may or may not exhibit plastic deformation behavior, in that there exists a value of the ratio of the reservoir volume divided by the initial (undeformed) reservoir volume such that the value of the equilibrium pressure contained by the reservoir ismaximized. If the volume is decreased or increased from this amount, the internal equilibrium pressure contained by the reservoir will be reduced. In some cases, with increasing volume, the pressure reaches an approximately constant asymptotic value. As such, it is advantageous from the perspective of the fluid sealing behavior of the device to reduce the initial reservoir void volume to reduce the equilibrium pressure which will be established rapidly after ejaculation. Furthermore, it is advantageous from a physiological perspective to reduce the pressure exerted by the semen on the urethra to reduce the risk of back driving semen.

[0186] A spherical reservoir equilibrium pressure as a function of expanded ejaculate volume is now addressed. An exemplary spherical reservoir is considered under the assumptions of a thin-walled pressure vessel, a linear elastic material with Poisson’s ratio of 0.5, and spherical symmetry. The relationship between pressure P and radius r of the reservoir is derived.P(r)=(2E(r-r_0 ) t_0 r_0) / rA3

[0187] In the expression above, E is the Young’s modulus, t_0 is the initial thickness of the reservoir wall, r_0 is the initial radius of the reservoir. The volume of this reservoir is expressed as:V(r)=4 / 3 7ir 3

[0188] The functional shape of this curve is shown in FIG. 31, and the peak at which maximum pressure occurs is: r(P_maximum )=3 / 2 r_0

[0189] A smaller reservoir also enables the device to fit into smaller packages, enabling users to store and carry the devices more conveniently and more often. Furthermore, as an embodiment is planar without the need to unroll or unfold the device, manipulation and application is facilitated, particularly to those using the product with limited dexterity, mobility, or visual impairment (e.g., due to natural anatomical variation, injuries, or use in the dark).

[0190] In some embodiments, the condom is a fractional condom, such as the condom ofFIG. 26B. The condom includes a barrier layer coupled to an adhesive layer. The barrierlayer may have a thickness 1422 between 25 to 200 microns and the adhesive layer may have a thickness 1421 between 25 to 750 microns. For example, the barrier layer (e.g., latex) may be between 30 and 150 microns in thickness while the adhesive layer is between 250 and 500 microns. While not being bound to any particular theory of operation, embodiments having an adhesive layer that is thicker than the barrier layer diminish or remove pain to the user during condom removal. Removal of the condom from the user is aided by the cohesive nature of a crosslinked adhesive described herein. The thick adhesive aides in a painless removal of the device from the glans through advantageous combinations of the storage and loss moduli, and material thickness, which both dissipates energy and transmits the applied force during removal to the skin in a favorable way as to mitigate experienced pain. Further, the ratio of thickness between the adhesion and barrier layers may also facilitate a pain-free removal of the device from the user.

[0191] Furthermore, a thick adhesive enables the adhesive to function as a compliant gasket which deforms and adapts to the user’ s skin motion during application, intercourse, ejaculation and pre-removal to provide a robust seal to entrap semen and pre-ejaculate fluids. In contrast, thinner adhesives must rely on the mechanics of the barrier layer to provide all of the compliance and deformation required to contain the fluid, particularly when considering the dynamic deformation of the glans skin and structure under the actions and loads of sexual intercourse.

[0192] In some embodiments, the contraceptive device has a shelf-life of at least 1 month, such as, for example, at least 2 months, at least 3 months, at least 4 months, at least 5 months, at least 6 months, at least 7 months, at least 8 months, at least 9 months, at least 10 months, at least 11 months, at least 12 months, or at least 24 months.

[0193] In some embodiments, the barrier performance of the contraceptive device is consistent with that demonstrated to be suitable for use in a relevant field of use.

[0194] In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is compatible with a personal lubricant. In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is compatible with an oil-based lubricant.

[0195] In some embodiments, the contraceptive device does not comprise an additional mechanical retaining means, as in U.S. Patent No. 5,421,350.

[0196] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer does not stick to itself, i.e., is not self- adhesive.

[0197] In some embodiments, the condom is a non-rigid, non-rolled, fractional condom comprising a first adhesive layer (e.g., a stimuli responsive polymer) and a second layer comprising a barrier and reservoir, wherein the condom does not contact the shaft or corona of the penis; wherein the adhesive layer is (a) coextensive with the barrier layer; (b) thicker than the barrier layer; and / or (c) the only means for securing the fractional condom to the penis. In some embodiments, the second layer is continuous, i.e., the barrier and the reservoir are continuous. In some embodiments, the reservoir is self-forming. In some embodiments, the stimulus is mechanical, e.g., shear rate or peeling. In some embodiments, the fractional condom consists of only two or three layers, the latter inclusive of a third backing layer. In some embodiments, the two or three layers comprise sublayers. In some embodiments, the condom comprises one or more additional means of mechanically securing the condom to the penis.

[0198] The first adhesive layer of the non-rigid, non-rolled, fractional condom described above may comprise any suitable stimuli-responsive polymer, e.g., any stimuli -responsive polymer described herein, and in some embodiments, a stimuli-responsive polymer comprising acrylate or methacrylate monomers (e.g., lauryl methacrylate) and optionally, a polyfunctional crosslinker (e.g., a tri-functional crosslinker such as TMPTA). The weight ratio of the polymer to the tri-functional crosslinker may be, for example, 99.1:0.9 and more particularly, 99.02: 08, 99.04:06, or 99.04:06. In some embodiments the adhesive is characterized by low-density, heterogeneous crosslinking.

[0199] The non-rigid, non-rolled, fractional condom described above may have one or more properties, as described herein including, but not limited to, a disproportionate response to a stimulus, such as a mechanical stimulus, such that a response is achievable using a lower intensity of stimulus. In some embodiments, the non-rigid, non-rolled, fractional condom described above may exhibit a lower peel strength at lower peel rates and a higher peel strength at higher peel rates, e.g., a peel strength that is about 10X, about 20X, about 30X,about 40X, about 50X, about 60X, about 70X, about 80X, about 90X, about 100X, about 2X, about 3X, about 4X, or about 5X or more less than a peel strength at a higher peel rate.

[0200] In some embodiments, the non-rigid, non-rolled, fractional condom may be removed with little or no pain, e.g., as measured using the Wong-Baker Qualitative Pain Assessment (WBQPA) on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain). In some embodiments, the pain is less than 4 on the WBQPA scale when the adhesive layer is removed by light peeling, e.g., less than 3, less than 2, less than 1 or 0. In some embodiments, the non-rigid, non-rolled, fractional condom may have a loss modulus from 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa.

[0201] In certain embodiments, the non-rigid, non-rolled, fractional condom described above leaves little or no residue on the skin after removal, e.g., less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than about 1% or 0 residue.

[0202] In some embodiments, the rate of contraceptive device failure (clinical or nonclinical) when measured a subject or a group of subjects is less than about 10%, less than about 8%, less than about 6%, less than about 4%, less than about 2%, less than about 1.5%, less than about 1%, less than about 0.9%, less than about 0.8%, less than about 0.7%, less than about 0.6%, less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.4%, less than about 0.3%, less than about 0.2% or about 0.1% or less. Clinical failure refers to contraceptive devices, e.g., condoms, that break, tear, leak, or slip off completely after initial penetration and before final complete withdrawal. Nonclinical failure refers to contraceptive devices, e.g., condoms, that break, tear, leak, or partially slip.

[0203] In some embodiments, the leakage rate of the condom is less than about 6%, such as, for example, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, or less than about 1%.1.2.1. Barrier Layer

[0204] In some embodiments, the barrier layer comprises a polymer membrane or film that exhibits elastomeric or flexible thermomechanical behavior. In some embodiments, the barrier layer is a membrane or film.

[0205] In some embodiments, the barrier layer comprises natural latex rubber, synthetic rubber, amorphous polyurethane, semi-crystalline polyurethanes including variousthermoplastic polyurethanes, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly dimethylsiloxane and other silicone rubbers, polyethylene terephthalate, poly(vinyl chloride), polyisoprene, vulcanized polyisoprene and other vulcanized or crosslinked rubbers, ethylene vinyl acetate, poly (vinyl acetate), elastomeric or flexible materials, or blends thereof. In some embodiments, the barrier layer comprises natural latex rubber, synthetic rubber, or polyurethanes.

[0206] In some embodiments, the barrier layer is not polyurethane.

[0207] In some embodiments, the barrier layer is not loose fitting.

[0208] In some embodiments, the barrier layer exhibits a stimuli-responsive behavior that enables selective permeability, controlled permeability, or controlled porosity. Exemplary stimuli of the stimuli-responsive barrier layer include temperature change, physico-chemical change, light, ultrasound, ionic strength change, pH change, magnetism, and mechanical force. In some embodiments, the stimulus of the stimuli-responsive barrier layer is different than the stimulus of the stimuli-responsive polymer of the adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the stimulus of the stimuli-responsive barrier layer is the same as the stimulus of the stimuli-responsive polymer of the adhesive layer.

[0209] In some embodiments, the barrier layer further comprises one or more additives, e.g., to enhance its properties. Exemplary additives include, but are not limited to, a polymer, ceramic, metal material or spherical, rod, disc, or other shaped structures. Additive materials include silicon oxide, metal oxides, iron oxides, metals, nitinol, ceramics, conducting polymers, etc. Additive materials maybe uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed or crosslinked within the material.

[0210] In some embodiments, the barrier layer has a thickness from 0.001 mm to 2 mm, such as, for example, from 0.001 mm to 1.5 mm, from 0.001 mm to 1 mm, from 0.001 mm to 0.5 mm, from 0.001 mm to 0.1 mm, from 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm. In some embodiments, the barrier layer has a thickness from 0.025 mm to 0.25 mm, such as, for example, from 0.025 mm to 0.2 mm, from 0.025 mm to 0.15 mm, from 0.025 mm to 0.1 mm, or from 0.025 mm to 0.05 mm. In some embodiments, the barrier layer has thickness of at least 0.01 mm, e.g., at least 0.05 mm, at least 0.10 mm, at least 0.15 mm, at least 0.25 mm, at least 0.3 mm, or at least 0.5 mm.

[0211] In some embodiments, the barrier layer has a thickness of less than about 200 microns, such as, for example, from about 40 to 100 microns, or about 40 microns, about 50 microns, about 60 microns, about 70 microns, about 80 microns, about 90 microns, or about 100 microns.

[0212] In some embodiments, the barrier layer has a thickness of less than about 180 microns, such as, for example, less than about 160 microns, less than about 140 microns, less than about 120 microns, less than about 100 microns, less than about 80 microns, less than about 60 microns, less than about 40 microns, or less than about 20 microns, but in each case greater than zero.

[0213] In some embodiments, the barrier layer has a planar or curved geometry selected from a square, circle, oval, hemisphere, rectangle, polygon, or curvilinear polygon. In some embodiments, the barrier layer is not tubular.

[0214] In some embodiments, the barrier layer has a first geometry before adhering to the penis and transforms to a second geometry upon application to the penis.

[0215] In some embodiments, the barrier layer has a circle geometry. In some embodiments, the radius of the circle is at least about 0.5 cm, e.g., about 1.0 cm, about 2.0 cm, about 3.0 cm, or about 5.0 cm. In some embodiments, the radius of the circle is about 0.5 cm, about 1.0 cm, about 2.0 cm, about 3.0 cm, about 5.0 cm or about 10.0 cm or greater.

[0216] In some embodiments, the barrier layer has a rectangle geometry. In some embodiments, the rectangle has a length from 0.5 cm to 5 cm and a width from 0.5 cm to 5 cm. In some embodiments, the rectangle has a length from 0.5 cm to 4 cm, from 0.5 cm to 3 cm, from 0.5 cm to 2 cm, from 0.5 cm to 1 cm, from 1 cm to 5 cm, from 1 cm to 4 cm, from 1 cm to 3 cm, from 1 cm to 2 cm, from 2 cm to 5 cm, from 2 cm to 4 cm, from 2 cm to 3 cm, from 3 cm to 5 cm, or from 4 cm to 5. In some embodiments, the rectangle has a width from 0.5 cm to 4 cm, from 0.5 cm to 3 cm, from 0.5 cm to 2 cm, from 0.5 cm to 1 cm, from 1 cm to 5 cm, from 1 cm to 4 cm, from 1 cm to 3 cm, from 1 cm to 2 cm, from 2 cm to 5 cm, from 2 cm to 4 cm, from 2 cm to 3 cm, from 3 cm to 5 cm, or from 4 cm to 5.

[0217] In some embodiments, the barrier layer has an oval geometry. In some embodiments, the oval has a primary radius of about 0.5 cm, about 1.0 cm, about 2.0 cm, about 3.0 cm,about 5.0 cm, or about 10.0 cm and a separate secondary radius of about 0.5 cm, about 1.0 cm, about 2.0 cm, about 3.0 cm, about 5.0 cm, or about 10.0 cm or greater.

[0218] In some embodiments, the barrier layer has primary dimensions of about 0.5 x 0.5 cm, about 1.0 x 1.0 cm, about 1.5 x 1.5 cm, about 2.5 x 2.5 cm, about 3.0 x 3.0 cm, or about 5.0 x 5.0 cm or any combination thereof in the case of a rectangular barrier layer.

[0219] In some embodiments, the barrier layer does not comprise one or more protrusions. Rather, according to this embodiment, the barrier layer is a conventional, simple geometric form (e.g., rectangle, oval, or circle).

[0220] In some embodiments, the barrier layer does not comprise one or more protrusions. Rather, according to this embodiment, the barrier layer is a conventional, simple geometric form (e.g., rectangle, oval, or circle). This is contrast, for example, to the protruding wings disclosed in WO2014178661A1.

[0221] In some embodiments, the barrier layer comprises a lubricant on the outer surface, e.g., the outer surface of the contraceptive device (condom or diaphragm). In some embodiments, the lubricant is selected from a water- based lubricant, silicon-based lubricant, and oil-based lubricant.

[0222] In some embodiments, the barrier layer comprises a spermicide on the outer surface of the barrier layer, i.e., the outer surface of the condom. In some embodiments, the spermicide is selected from Nonoxynol-9, octoxynol-9, benzalkonium chloride, lactic acid, menfegol, and combinations thereof.

[0223] In some embodiments, a condom further comprises a reservoir sized and shaped suitably for collecting semen ejaculated from the penis. In some embodiments, the reservoir is configured for distal to the urethral opening of the penis. In some embodiments, the reservoir is configured on the tip, along the side, or at the base, or below the base of the condom.

[0224] In some embodiments, the reservoir is continuous with the barrier layer, i.e., the reservoir and the barrier layer are part of the same structure / not separate structures and not adhered or otherwise connected by a connecting means.

[0225] In some embodiments, the reservoir self-forms when subjected to pressure from ejaculation by the penis and does not have a pre-defined geometry.

[0226] In some embodiments, the reservoir comprises a polymer coating that swells or gels when contacted with semen. In some embodiment, such swelling or gelling retains the sperm within the reservoir. Exemplary polymer coatings include, but are not limited to, chitosan, alginate, polyacrylic acid, crosslinked polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, crosslinked sodium polyacrylate, and combinations thereof.

[0227] In some embodiments, the reservoir is roughly spherical in nature and has a radius of, e.g., about 0.1 mm, about 0.25 mm, about 0.5 mm, about 0.75 mm, about 1.0 mm, about 2.0 mm, or about 5.0 mm or greater.

[0228] In some embodiments, the reservoir is roughly cylindrical in nature and has a radius of, e.g., about 0.1 mm, about 0.25 mm, about 0.5 mm, about 0.75 mm, about 1.0 mm, or about 2.0 mm or greater and a length of about 1.0 mm, about 2.0 mm, about 5.0 mm or about 10.0 mm or greater.

[0229] In some embodiments, a condom further comprises an elastomeric ring affixed to the outer portion of the inner surface of the barrier layer or the edge of the barrier layer. In some embodiments, the elastomeric ring encircles the base of the barrier layer and may be expandable by stretching to encompass and secure the barrier layer to the base of the penile head and may optionally exert contractile force that enhances adhesion of the condom to the penis and prevents stress concentrations or shear forces from removing the adhered barrier layer during mechanical perturbation such as that associated with sexual activity.

[0230] In some embodiments, the elastomeric ring has a cross-sectional diameter of at least 0. 1 mm, such as, for example, at least 0.5 mm, at least 1.0 mm, at least 2.0 mm, or at least 3.0 mm or more. In some embodiments, the elastomeric ring has an overall diameter of at least 0.25 times (0.25x) the diameter of the barrier layer, such as, for example, from 0.25x to lx, or 0.25x, 0.50x, 0.75x, or l.Ox.

[0231] In some embodiments, the elastomeric ring comprises raised rings or studs to enhance sexual sensation or pleasure.

[0232] In some embodiments, the condom further comprises one or more protruding arms connected to the elastomeric ring or the barrier layer. In some embodiments, the more protruding arms may be expandable by stretching to encompass and secure the barrier layer to the base of the penile head and may optionally exert contractile force that enhances adhesion of the condom to the penis and prevents stress concentrations or shear forces from removing the adhered barrier layer during mechanical perturbation such as that associated with sexual activity.

[0233] In some embodiments, the protruding arms may have an aspect ratio of about 1:1, about 1:2, about 1:5, about 1:10, about 1:20 or about 1: 100 or greater. In some embodiments, there may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more protruding arms present. In some embodiments, a protruding arm has a length of about 0.5 cm, about 1.0 cm, about 2.0 cm, about 3.0 cm, or about 5.0 cm or more, and a width of about 0.1 cm, about 0.2 cm, about 0.5 cm, about 1.0 cm or about 2.0 cm or more.1.2.2. Adhesive Layer

[0234] The contraceptive devices of the present disclosure comprise an adhesive layer comprising an adhesive comprising a stimuli-responsive polymer and optionally, one or more additional polymers, crosslinkers and / or additives. In some embodiments, the adhesive has been previously applied to a surface (e.g., skin) and is stimuli-responsive in response to a stimulus encountered in the bound state. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is a mechanical action or force-responsive polymer.

[0235] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is adhered to at least a portion of the barrier layer. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is adhered to a portion of the inner surface of the barrier layer. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is coextensive with the inner surface of the barrier layer, i.e., adhered to the entire surface of the barrier layer. In some embodiments, the adhesive area covers at least about 1% of the inner surface of the barrier layer, such as, for example, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 25%, at least about 33%, at least about 50%, at least about 66%, at least about 75%, or about 100%.

[0236] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is coextensive with the barrier layer. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is coextensive with the barrier layer but for a limited area associated with self-formation of a reservoir. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer ispositioned in the front of the barrier layer. In some embodiments, the barrier layer and the reservoir are formed continuously, and (a) the adhesive layer is continuous with the barrier layer or (b) the adhesive layer is located at the front of the barrier layer.

[0237] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer extends to the elastomeric ring and / or protruding arm(s) of the condom. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is the sole means for securing the condom to the penis.

[0238] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer comprises a cross-section that is uniform, non-uniform, circular, spherical, elliptical or ellipsoidal.

[0239] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer comprises one or more patterned configurations. Patterning may facilitate adhesive crack propagation or shear-responsive delamination. For example, adhesive patterning may enable sufficient adhesion of the barrier layer to the penis or vagina while also enabling the barrier layer to be peeled with minimal or no pain. Such patterning includes, but is not limited to, a continuous ring or repeating dot ring layer at the base of the barrier layer ranging from 0.1 to 3000 micrometers in length, more particularly 1 to 2000 micrometers in length, more particularly 20 to 2000 micrometers in length, and ranging from 0.1 to 3000 micrometers thick, more particularly 1 to 2000 micrometers thick, more particularly 5 to 1000 micrometers thick, more particularly 10 to 600 micrometers thick, with dot patterns covering between 10 and 100% of available adhesive area in base ring area, more particularly 20 and 100% of available adhesive area in base ring area, more particularly 30 and 100% of available area in base ring area.

[0240] In certain embodiments, the length of the patterning is from about 1 to 100 micrometers, from about 100 to about 200 micrometers, from about 200 to about 300 micrometers, from about 300 to about 400 micrometers, from about 400 to about 500 micrometers, from about 500 to about 600 micrometers, from about 600 to about 700 micrometers, from about 700 to about 800 micrometers, from about 800 to about 900 micrometers, from about 900 to about 1000 micrometers in length.

[0241] In certain embodiments, the length of the patterning is about between about 1000 and 1 100 micrometers, about 1100 and about 1200 micrometers, about 1200 and about 1300 micrometers, about 1300 and about 1400 micrometers, about 1400 and about 1500micrometers, about 1500 and about 1600 micrometers, about 1600 and about 1700 micrometers, about 1700 and about 1800 micrometers, about 1800 and about 1900 micrometers or about 1900 and about 200 micrometers in length.

[0242] In certain embodiments, the thickness of the patterning is between about 0. 1 and about 500 micrometers, about 1 and about 1 and 100 micrometers, about 100 and about 200 micrometers, about 200 and about 300 micrometers, about 300 and about 400 micrometers, about 400 and about 500 micrometers, about 500 and about 600 micrometers, about 600 and about 700 micrometers, about 700 and about 800 micrometers, about 800 and about 900 micrometers, about 900 and about 1000 micrometers in thickness.

[0243] In certain embodiments, the thickness of the patterning is about between about 1000 and 1100 micrometers, about 1100 and about 1200 micrometers, about 1200 and about 1300 micrometers, about 1300 and about 1400 micrometers, about 1400 and about 1500 micrometers, about 1500 and about 1600 micrometers, about 1600 and about 1700 micrometers, about 1700 and about 1800 micrometers, about 1800 and about 1900 micrometers or about 1900 and about 200 micrometers in thickness.

[0244] Exemplary pattern configurations include rings, stripes, dots, and combinations thereof. Patterning may be uniform, non-uniform, or random in shape or size or location, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more patterned configuration may cover about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 33%, about 50%, about 66%, about 75% or about 100% of the adhesive layer.

[0245] In some embodiments, the patterned configuration comprises one or more rings or ring-like structures. The thickness of the rings can be, for example, about 0.1 mm, about 0.25 mm, about 0.5 mm, or about 1.0 mm or more. In some embodiments, the ring pattern covers at least about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 33%, about 50%, about 66%, about 75%, or about 100% of the adhesive layer.

[0246] In some embodiments, the patterned configuration comprises dots (e.g., square, rectangular, or circular shaped dots). In some embodiments, the dot pattern covers at least about 1 %, about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 33%, about 50%, about 66%, about 75%, or about 100% of the adhesive layer.

[0247] In some embodiments, the pattern configuration comprises stripes. In some embodiments, the strips can be of varying thickness, e.g., about 0.1 mm, about 0.25 mm, about 0.5 mm, or about 1.0 mm or more. In some embodiments, the stripes cover about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 33%, about 50%, about 66%, about 75% or about 100% of the overall adhesive area within the barrier layer.

[0248] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer has a thickness in the nanometer scale or micron scale. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer has a thickness from 0.1 microns to 3,000 microns, such as, for example, from 0.1 microns to 2,000 microns, from 0.1 microns to 1,000 microns, from 0.1 microns to 750 microns, from 0.1 microns to 500 microns, from 0.1 microns to 250 microns, from 1 microns to 2,000 microns, from 1 microns to 1,000 microns, from 1 microns to 750 microns, 1 microns to 500 microns, from 1 microns to 250 microns, from 25 microns to 2,000 microns, from 25 microns to 1,000 microns, from 25 microns to 750 microns, from 25 microns to 500 microns, from 25 microns to 250 microns, from 100 microns to 2,000 microns, from 100 microns to 1,000 microns, from 100 microns to 750 microns, from 100 microns to 500 microns, or from 100 microns to 250 microns.

[0249] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer has a thickness from about 0.01 microns to about 0.1 microns, from about 1.0 microns to about 5.0 microns, from about 10.0 microns to about 20.0 microns, from about 30.0 microns to about 50.0 microns, from about 100.0 microns to about 200 microns, from about 300 microns to about 400 microns, from about 600 microns to about 750 microns, or from about 1000 microns to about 2000 microns.

[0250] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is from 25 to 750 microns thick, such as, for example, from about 200 to about 500 microns, or about 400 microns thick.

[0251] In some embodiment, the adhesive layer has a thickness of about 25 microns, about 50 microns, about 100 microns, about 150 microns, about 200 microns, about 250 microns, about 300 microns, about 350 microns, about 400 microns, about 450 microns, about 500 microns, about 550 microns, about 600 microns, about 650 microns, about 700 microns, or about 750 microns.

[0252] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer has a thickness from about 100 microns to about 600 microns, such as, for example, from about 200 microns to about 500 microns, or from about 300 to about 500 microns.

[0253] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is thicker than the barrier layer. The adhesive layer may be, for example, about 1.5X, about 2X, about 2.5X, about 3X, about 3.5 X, about 4X, about 4.5X, about 5X, about 5.5X, about 6X, about 6.5X, about 7X, about 7.5X, about 8X, 8.5 X, about 9X, about 9.5X, or at least about 10X thicker than the barrier layer.

[0254] In some embodiments, the barrier layer is from about 40 to about 100 microns thick and the adhesive layer is from about 25 to about 750 microns thick. In some embodiments, the barrier layer is about 200 microns thick and the adhesive layer is about 400 microns thick.

[0255] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is transparent.

[0256] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer comprises multiple adhesives, blended together or applied separately to a barrier layer. For example, adhesive layer may include a hydrophobic, water-insoluble layer at its outer edges along the circumference of the barrier layer approximately 0.1 to 2 cm in length, more particularly 0.2 to 1 cm in length, more particularly 0.25 to 1 cm in length, and a hydrophilic, water-soluble layer above the hydrophobic adhesive layer as illustrated in FIG. 2. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic outer adhesive layer may be stimuli-responsive.

[0257] In some embodiments, the adhesive comprises (1) a primary side chain optionally crystallizable side chain adhesive polymer, (2) optional additives, (3) optional additional polymers, and optionally, amorphous polymer blended phases or heterophases, and (4) optionally crosslinkers, which optionally are incorporated into polymer network uniformly and optionally are aggregated and serve as high stress concentration network sites to facilitate adhesive failure or desirable tack profile when desirable. In some embodiments, the adhesive comprises a blend or copolymer of amorphous polymers that may crystallize.

[0258] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer of the contraceptive devices described herein comprises an adhesive that comprises a stimuli-responsive polymer formed from one or more monomers and optionally one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers. In some embodiments, the adhesive consists of the stimuli-responsive polymer. In someembodiments, the adhesive consists essentially of the stimuli-responsive polymer. “Consists essentially of,” as used herein with respect to the adhesive, refers to additional components that do not materially affect the basic characteristics of the adhesive, e.g., additives that do not have adhesive properties themselves.

[0259] In some embodiments, the adhesive does not include additional components, e.g., additives, adhesive polymers, and / or other polymers.

[0260] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer comprises a single layer. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer comprises multiple layers, e.g., 2, 3, 4, or 5 or more layers. The layers may be the same or different.

[0261] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer comprises two or three or more adhesive regions which may exhibit different mechanical, chemical and biological properties. These may include different solubility parameters in various solvents including water or vaginal fluids or ejaculate fluids. Reversible or irreversible adhesive behavior can be triggered by exposure to temperature changes, physico-chemical changes, light, ultrasound, ionic strength change, pH change, magnetic, electrical or mechanical forces as well as other stimuli or any combination thereof, either simultaneously or sequentially.1.2.2.1 Adhesive Properties

[0262] In some embodiments, when the condom is applied to the penis, the adhesive layer adheres to the penis. In some embodiments, when the condom is applied to the glans of the penis, the adhesive layer adheres to the glans of the penis. In some embodiments, when the diaphragm is applied to the vagina, the adhesive layer adheres to the vagina.

[0263] Application of a stimulus to the contraceptive device causes the adhesive layer to become less adhesive or delaminate from the skin (e.g., the penis or vagina), thereby enabling selective delamination (i.e., on-demand delamination). Reversible or irreversible adhesive behavior can be triggered by exposure to temperature changes (e.g., a decrease in temperature), physico-chemical changes (e.g., dissolution), light, ultrasound, ionic strength change, pH change, magnetic, electrical, or mechanical actions or forces, as well as other stimuli or any combination thereof.

[0264] Properties for the stimuli-responsive polymer recited below may also apply to the adhesive, which can optionally contain additional components, e.g., additives and / or polymers (e.g., adhesive polymers or non-adhesive polymers).

[0265] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer becomes less adhesive or delaminates from the vagina or penis (e.g., the glans of the penis) in 0. 1 s to 60 s in response to the stimulus of the contraceptive device, such as, for example, from 1 s to 60 s, from 1 s to 30 s, from 1 s to 15 s, from 1 s to 10 s, from 1 s to 5 s, from 2 s to 30 s, or from 1 s to 15 s.

[0266] In some embodiments, the adhesive becomes less adhesive or delaminates from the vagina or penis (e.g., the glans of the penis) in 0.1 s to 60 s in response to the stimulus of the contraceptive device, such as, for example, from 1 s to 60 s, from 1 s to 30 s, from 1 s to 15 s, from 1 s to 10 s, from 1 s to 5 s, from 2 s to 30 s, or from 1 s to 15 s.

[0267] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer delaminates from the vagina or penis faster than a non-stimuli-responsive polymer, e.g., a conventional pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer delaminates at least 2X faster than a non-stimuli-responsive polymer, e.g., a conventional pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer, such as, for example, at least 3X faster, at least 4X faster, at least 5X faster, at least 6X faster, at least 7X faster, at least 8X faster, at least 9X faster, or at least 10X faster.

[0268] In some embodiments, an adhesive comprising a stimuli-responsive polymer delaminates from the vagina or penis faster than an adhesive comprising a non-stimuli- responsive polymer, e.g., a conventional pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer. In some embodiments, an adhesive comprising a stimuli-responsive polymer delaminates at least 2X faster than an adhesive comprising a non-stimuli-responsive polymer, e.g., a conventional pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer, such as, for example, at least 3X faster, at least 4X faster, at least 5X faster, at least 6X faster, at least 7X faster, at least 8X faster, at least 9X faster, or at least 10X faster.

[0269] In some embodiments, the stimulus is selected from a temperature change, a physico- chemical change, light, ultrasound, an ionic strength change, a pH change, magnetism, a mechanical force, or mechanical action.

[0270] In some embodiments, the stimulus is a mechanical action, e.g., shear rate. In some embodiments, the shear rate is induced by peeling or pulling on the contraceptive device at different rates or frequencies.

[0271] In some embodiments, the adhesive is shear-rate responsive. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is shear-rate responsive. In such embodiments, the adhesive remains adhered upon application of higher shear rates and becomes less adhesive at lower shear rates. Exemplary higher shear rates include hard peeling or hard pulling. Exemplary lower shear rates include light peeling or light pulling. Higher and lower are taken with respect to a threshold about which a change in behavior is observed. In this manner, the adhesive layer and the contraceptive device can be easily removed from the penis or vagina following application of a stimulus to the contraceptive device.

[0272] In some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a peel rate of 500 mm / min or less, such as, for example, 400 mm / min or less, 300 mm / min or less, 200 mm / min or less, 100 mm / min or less, or 50 mm / min or less. In some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a peel rate of 50 mm / min to 500 mm / min, such as, for example, from 50 mm / min to 400 mm / min, from 50 mm / min to 300 mm / min, from 50 mm / min to 200 mm / min, from 50 mm / min to 100 mm / min, from lOOmm / min to 500 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 400 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 300 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 200 mm / min, from 200 mm / min to 500 mm / min, from 200 mm / min to 400 mm / min, from 200 mm / min to 300 mm / min, from 300 mm / min to 500 mm / min, from 300 mm / min to 400 mm / min, or from 400 mm / min to 500 mm / min.

[0273] In some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a peel rate of 25 mm / s or less, such as, for example, 10 mm / s or less, 5 mm / s or less, 1 mm / s or less, 0.5 mm / s or less, 0.3 mm / s or less, or 0. 1 mm / s or less. In some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a peel rate from 0.01 mm / s to 25 mm / s, such as, for example, from 0.01 mm / s to 10 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 5 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 1 mm / s, from 0.01 mms / to 0.5 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 0.3 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 0.1 mm / sec, from 0.1 mm / s to 25 mm / s, from 0.1 mm / s to 10 mm / s, from 0.1 mm / s to 5 mm / s, from 0.1 mm / s to 1 mm / s, from 0.1 mms / to 0.5 mm / s, from 0.1 mm / s to 0.3 mm / s, from 1 mm / s to 25 mm / s, from 1 mm / s to 10 mm / s, or from 1 mm / s to 5 mm / s.

[0274] In some embodiments, the stimulus is a mechanical force. In some embodiments, the adhesive is force responsive. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is force responsive. In such embodiments, the adhesive remains adhered upon application of higher forces and becomes less adhesive upon application of lower forces. Higher and lower are taken with respect to a threshold about which a change in behavior is observed.

[0275] In some embodiments, the applied force that results in delamination of the stimuli- responsive polymer is, for example, from 0.01 to 0.1 N, from 0.1 to 1 N, from 1 to 10 N, from 10 to 100 N, or from 100 and 1000 N. In some embodiments, the applied force that results in delamination of the stimuli-responsive polymer is, for example, from 1 to 10 Pa, from 10 to 100 Pa, from 0. 1 to 1 kPa, from 1 to 10 kPa, from 10 to 100 kPa, or from 0. 1 to 1 MPa.

[0276] In some embodiments, the applied force that results in delamination of the adhesive is, for example, from 0.01 to 0.1 N, from 0.1 to 1 N, from 1 to 10 N, from 10 to 100 N, or from 100 and 1000 N. In some embodiments, the applied force that results in delamination of the adhesive is, for example, from 1 to 10 Pa, from 10 to 100 Pa, from 0.1 to 1 kPa, from 1 to 10 kPa, from 10 to 100 kPa, or from 0.1 to 1 MPa.

[0277] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a lower peel strength at lower peel rates and a higher peel strength at higher peel rates. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a lower peel rate compared to the peel strength at a higher peel rate, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0278] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 200 mm / min. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 300 mm / min. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 400 mm / min. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 500 mm / min.

[0279] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 3 mm / s. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymerhas a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 5 mm / s. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 7 mm / s. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 10 mm / s.

[0280] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 200 mm / min, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0281] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 300 mm / min, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0282] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 400 mm / min, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0283] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 500 mm / min, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0284] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 3 mm / s, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0285] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 5 mm / s, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0286] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 7 mm / s, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0287] In some embodiments, the adhesive has a lower peel strength at lower peel rates and a higher peel strength at higher peel rates. In some embodiments, the adhesive has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a lower peel rate compared to the peel strength at a higher peel rate, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0288] In some embodiments, the adhesive has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 200 mm / min. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 300 mm / min. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 400 mm / min. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 500 mm / min.

[0289] In some embodiments, the adhesive has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 3 mm / s. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 5 mm / s. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 7 mm / s. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 10 mm / s.

[0290] In some embodiments, the adhesive has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 200 mm / min, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0291] In some embodiments, the adhesive has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 300 mm / min, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0292] In some embodiments, the adhesive has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 400 mm / min, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0293] In some embodiments, the adhesive has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 100 mm / min than at 500 mm / min, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0294] In some embodiments, the adhesive has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 3 mm / s, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0295] In some embodiments, the adhesive has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 5 mm / s, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0296] In some embodiments, the adhesive has at least a 5% lower peel strength at a peel rate of 1 mm / s than at 7 mm / s, e.g., at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, at least 90% lower, or at least 100% lower.

[0297] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a peel strength from 1 to 400 N / m at a peel rate of 100 mm / sec, such as, for example, from 1 to 300 N / m, from 1 to 200 N / m, from 1 to 100 N / m, or from 1 to 50 N / m. Peel strength can be determined by a 180° peel test using a human skin substrate analog as described hereinbelow.

[0298] In some embodiments, the adhesive has a peel strength from 1 to 400 N / m at a peel rate of 100 mm / sec, such as, for example, from 1 to 300 N / m, from 1 to 200 N / m, from 1 to 100 N / m, or from 1 to 50 N / m. Peel strength can be determined by a 180° peel test using a human skin substrate analog as described hereinbelow.

[0299] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a tack strength at 25 °C of at least 1 N, such as, for example, from 1 N to 5 N, from 1 N to 4 N, from 1 N to 3 N, or from 1 N to 2 N. Tack strength can be measured as described hereinbelow, e.g., compressing an aluminum-tipped rheometer containing the polymer to an aluminum base plate for 60 s, withdrawing the rheometer at 100 micrometers per second, and measuring the axial force inN.

[0300] In some embodiments, the adhesive has a tack strength at 25 °C of at least 1 N, such as, for example, from 1 N to 5 N, from 1 N to 4 N, from 1 N to 3 N, or from 1 N to 2 N.

[0301] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has an adhesive strength at 25 °C of a least 20 N*s, such as, for example, at least 30 N*s, at least 40 N*s, at least 50 N*s, at least 60 N*s, at least 70 N*s, at least 80 N*s, at least 90 N*s, at least 100 N*s, at least 150 N*s, at least 200 N*s, at least 300 N*s, at least 400 N*s, or at least 500 N*s. Adhesive strength is calculated by integrating the area under the axial force vs time measurements for a sample.

[0302] In some embodiments, the adhesive has an adhesive strength at 25 °C of a least 20 N*s, such as, for example, at least 30 N*s, at least 40 N*s, at least 50 N*s, at least 60 N*s, at least 70 N*s, at least 80 N*s, at least 90 N*s, at least 100 N*s, at least 150 N*s, at least 200 N*s, at least 300 N*s, at least 400 N*s, or at least 500 N*s.

[0303] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a storage modulus of fromO.01 MPa to 1 MPa, such as, for example, from 0. 1 MPa to 1 MPa, from 0. 1 MPa to 0.8 MPa or from 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa.

[0304] In some embodiments, the adhesive has a storage modulus of from 0.01 to 1 MPa, such as, for example, from 0.1 MPa to 1 MPa, from 0.1 MPa to 0.8 MPa or from 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa.

[0305] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a loss modulus of from 0.1 MPa to 1 MPa, such as, for example, from 0.1 MPa to 0.8 MPa or from 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa.

[0306] In some embodiments, the adhesive has a loss modulus of from 0.1 MPa to 1 MPa, such as, for example, from 0.1 MPa to 0.8 MPa or from 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa.

[0307] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a tan(6) (ratio of storage modulus (G”) to loss modulus (G’)) at 25 °C and 1 Hz (2*pi radian / s) of at least 0.1, such as, for example, at least 0.2, at least 0.3, at least 0.4 at least 0.5, at least 0.6, at least 0.7, at least 0.8, at least 0.9, at least 1.0, at least 1.1, at least 1.2, at least 1.3, at least 1.4, at least 1.5, at least 1.6, at least 1.7, at least 1.8, at least 1.9, at least 2.0, at least 3.0, at least 4.0, or at least 5.0. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a tan(5) from 0.1 to 5, such as, for example, from 0.1 to 4, 0.1 to 3, 0.1 to 2, 0.1 to 1, 0.5 to 5, 0.5 to 4, 0.5 to 3, 0.5 to 3, 0.5 to 2, 0.5 to 1, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 3 to 5, 3 to 4, or 4 to 5. In certain embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a tan(5) of 0.2 to 2, e.g., 0.1 to 1.5, 0.1 to 1, 0.1 to 0.5, 0.3 to 1, or 0.5 to 1.

[0308] In some embodiments, the adhesive has a tan(5) (ratio of storage modulus (G”) to loss modulus (G’)) at 25 °C and 1 Hz (2* pi radian / s) of at least 0.1, such as, for example, at least 0.2, at least 0.3, at least 0.4 at least 0.5, at least 0.6, at least 0.7, at least 0.8, at least 0.9, at least 1.0, at least 1.1, at least 1.2, at least 1.3, at least 1.4, at least 1.5, at least 1.6, at least 1.7, at least 1.8, at least 1.9, at least 2.0, at least 3.0, at least 4.0, or at least 5.0. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a tan(3) from 0.1 to 5, such as, for example, from 0.1 to 4, 0.1 to 3, 0.1 to 2, 0.1 to 1, 0.5 to 5, 0.5 to 4, 0.5 to 3, 0.5 to 3, 0.5 to 2, 0.5 to 1, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 3 to 5, 3 to 4, or 4 to 5. In certain embodiments, the adhesive has a tan(5) of 0.2 to 2, e.g., 0.1 to 1.5, 0.1 to 1, 0.1 to 0.5, 0.3 to 1, or 0.5 to 1.

[0309] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has less tack when wet compared to when dry. In some embodiments, the adhesive has less tack when wet compared to when dry.

[0310] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is a crosslinked polymer is a low-density crosslinked polymer or a polymer with limited, heterogeneous crosslinking.

[0311] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has gel fraction consistent with that of a lightly crosslinked polymer network when analyzed by sol-gel analysis. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a gel fraction from 0.0001 to 0.99, such as, for example, from 0.001 to 0.98, from 0.01 to 0.95, from 0.015 to 0.95, from 0.02 to 0.96, from 0.05 to 0.95, from 0.1 to 0.95, from 0.175 to 0.95, from 0.2 to 0.95, from 0.25 to 0.95, from 0.3 to 0.95, from 0.35 to 0.95, from 0.4 to 0.95, from 0.5 to 0.95, from 0.6 to 0.95, from0.7 to 0.95, from 0.8 to 0.95, from 0.5 to 0.95, from 0.6 to 0.93, from 0.6 to 0.65 to 0.92, from 0.7 to 0.9, or from 0.7 to 0.89.

[0312] In some embodiments, the adhesive has gel fraction consistent with that of a lightly crosslinked polymer network when analyzed by sol-gel analysis. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a gel fraction from 0.0001 to 0.99, such as, for example, from 0.001 to 0.98, from 0.01 to 0.95, from 0.015 to 0.95, from 0.02 to 0.96, from 0.05 to 0.95, from 0.1 to 0.95, from 0. 175 to 0.95, from 0.2 to 0.95, from 0.25 to 0.95, from 0.3 to 0.95, from 0.35 to 0.95, from 0.4 to 0.95, from 0.5 to 0.95, from 0.6 to 0.95, from 0.7 to 0.95, from 0.8 to 0.95, from 0.5 to 0.95, from 0.6 to 0.93, from 0.6 to 0.65 to 0.92, from 0.7 to 0.9, or from 0.7 to 0.89.

[0313] In some embodiments, following adhesion of the adhesive layer to the penis or vagina, removal of the contraceptive device by light peeling does not cause pain in the subject. In some embodiments, following adhesion of the adhesive layer to the glans of the penis, removal of the condom by light peeling causes minimal or no pain to the subject. Any suitable method can be utilized to determine the existence or absence of pain. There are several validated instruments for the measurement of pain. The instruments can be unidimensional, measuring only the intensity of pain, such as pain Wong-Baker Qualitative Pain Assessment (WBQPA), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRPS), visual analogue scale (VAS) and verbal rating scale. Multidimensional instruments measure the intensity, character and impact of pain, for example, the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI).

[0314] In some embodiments, pain is measured using the WBQPA on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain). In some embodiments, the pain is less than 4 on the WBQPA scale when the adhesive layer is removed by light peeling, e.g., less than 3, less than 2, less than 1 or 0. In some embodiments, a WBQPA score of 0 is reported upon removal of the contraceptive device by light peeling. As discussed above, in some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a user peel rate of the contraceptive device (e.g., condom) of 25 mm / s or less, such as, for example, 10 mm / s or less, 5 mm / s or less, 1 mm / s or less, 0.5 mm / s or less, 0.3 mm / s or less, or 0.1 mm / s or less. In some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a peel rate from 0.01 mm / s to 25 mm / s, such as, for example, from 0.01 mm / s to 10 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 5 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 1 mm / s, from 0.01 mms / to 0.5 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 0.3 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 0.1 mm / sec, from 0.1 mm / s to 25 mm / s, from 0.1mm / s to 10 mm / s, from 0.1 mm / s to 5 mm / s, from 0.1 mm / s to 1 mm / s, from 0.1 mms / to 0.5 mm / s, from 0.1 mm / s to 0.3 mm / s, from 1 mm / s to 25 mm / s, from 1 mm / s to 10 mm / s, or from 1 mm / s to 5 mm / s.

[0315] In some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a user peel rate of the contraceptive device (e.g., condom) of 500 mm / min or less, such as, for example, 400 mm / min or less, 300 mm / min or less, 200 mm / min or less, 100 mm / min or less, or 50 mm / min or less, or 25 mm / min or less, or 10 mm / min or less, or 5 mm / min or less, or 1 mm / min or less, or 0.5 mm / min or less, or 0.3 mm / min or less, or 0.1 mm / min or less. In some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a peel rate of 50 mm / min to 500 mm / min, such as, for example, from 50 mm / min to 400 mm / min, from 50 mm / min to 300 mm / min, from 50 mm / min to 200 mm / min, from 50 mm / min to 100 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 500 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 400 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 300 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 200 mm / min, from 200 mm / min to 500 mm / min, from 200 mm / min to 400 mm / min, from 200 mm / min to 300 mm / min, from 300 mm / min to 500 mm / min, from 300 mm / min to 400 mm / min, or from 400 mm / min to 500 mm / min.

[0316] In some embodiments, following adhesion of the adhesive layer to the penis or vagina, removal of the contraceptive device by light peeling causes minimal or no pain in the subject when removed in less than 15 seconds, e.g., less than 10 seconds, less than 8 seconds or less than 5 seconds.

[0317] In some embodiments, the site of adhesion exhibits limited or no irritation upon removal of the contraceptive device. Various methods are known in research settings for quantitatively assessing skin damage. Certain of these models are based on measurement of baseline skin properties that change when skin is stressed. Measurable parameters such as skin hydration, trans-epidermal water low (TEWL), and irritation, among others, will provide information differentiating damaged skin from healthy skin. See, e.g., Bematchez, S. et al, ADVANCES IN WOUND CARE, Vol. 2, No. 4 (2022), which is incorporated herein by reference. Reconstructed human epidermis models are also available that demonstrate reasonable similarities to the native human tissue in terms of morphology, lipid composition and biochemical markers. See, e.g., EpiSkin, SkinEthic and EpiDerm. Animal models of skin injury are also known in the art, including pigs and rodents. See, e.g., Summerfield, A. et al., Molecular Immunology, Vol. 66, Issue 1, luly 2015, p. 14-21.

[0318] In some embodiments, the stimulus is temperature change. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer adheres to the penis or vagina at a temperature of 37° C and is less adhesive or delaminates from the penis or vagina at a temperature of 25 °C or lower. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer adheres to the glans of the penis at a temperature of 37° C and is less adhesive or delaminates from the glans of the penis at a temperature of 25 °C or lower.

[0319] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer may exhibit thermally-responsive stimuli- responsive behavior that enables adhesion to penile skin at body temperature (about 37 °C) and also enables lowered adhesive force or delamination upon cooling below body temperature to about 25 °C, about 20 °C, about 15 °C, about 10 °C, about 5 °C, about 0 °C or lower. Cooling may be achieved, for example, by accelerated heat transfer by rubbing a wet substrate such as a water-impregnated towel or paper towel on the condom or at the interface of the adhered barrier layer while adhered to the penis or by running water from a source such as a shower or a cloth or tissue wipe which contain a reagent which causes cooling (e.g., alcohol evaporation or dissolution of ammonium nitrate) to cool the condom through a thermal transition such that delamination is achievable more easily than if the condom were to be removed at body temperature.

[0320] In some embodiments, the stimulus is a physico-chemical change. An exemplary physico-chemical change is dissolution. In some embodiments, the stimulus is a change is dissolution of the adhesive layer when contacted by a solvent. In some embodiments, the composition adheres to the penis or vagina in the absence of the solvent and is less adhesive or delaminates from the penis or vagina when contacted by the solvent. In some embodiments, the composition adheres to the glans of the penis in the absence of the solvent and is less adhesive or delaminates from the glans of the penis when contacted by the solvent.

[0321] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer exhibits chemically-responsive behavior and may be water or solvent soluble in nature and may be removed by pulling back edges and flowing water or solvent or rubbing a substrate impregnated with water or solvent until the condom is removed by weakening of adhesive later or dissolution by water or solvent. Chemical delamination may also be achieved in this manner by pH- triggerable delamination by flowing or wiping in this manner with a substrate impregnated with a fluid with a pH suitable for skin contact that also achieves delamination of the condom from skin.Alternatively, chemical delamination may also be achieved by dissolution of the adhesive by flowing or wiping in this manner with a substrate impregnated with a fluid that achieves delamination of the condom from skin.1.2.2.2 Polymer

[0322] The adhesive described herein comprises a stimuli-responsive polymer, and optionally, one or more additional polymers.

[0323] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) from 0 °C to 50 °C, such as, for example, from 0 °C to 40 °C, from 0 °C to 30 °C, from 0 °C to 20 °C, from 0 °C to 10 °C, from 5 °C to 50 °C, from 5 °C to 40 °C, from 5 °C to 30 °C, from 5 °C to 20 °C, from 5 °C to 10 °C, from 10 °C to 50 °C, from 10 °C to 40 °C, from 10 °C to 30 °C, from 10 °C to 20 °C, from 20 °C to 50 °C, from 20 °C to 40 °C, from 20 °C to 30 °C, from 30 °C to 50 °C, from 30 °C to 40 °C, or from 40 °C to 50 °C.

[0324] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a glass transition below ambient temperature, such as, for example, a glass transition from -90 °C to 20 °C, from -90 °C to -80 °C, from -80 °C to -70 °C, from -70 °C to -60 °C, from -60 °C to -50 °C, from -50 °C to -40 °C, from -40 °C to -30 °C, from -30 °C to -20 °C, from -20 °C to -10 °C, from -10 °C to 0 °C, from 0 °C to 10 °C, or from 20 °C to 20 °C.

[0325] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer has a crystalline melt transition below ambient temperature, such as, for example, a crystalline melt transition from -90 °C to 20 °C, from -90 °C to -80 °C, from -80 °C to -70 °C, from -70 °C to -60 °C, from -60 °C to -50 °C, from -50 °C to -40 °C, from -40 °C to -30 °C, from -30 °C to -20 °C, from -20 °C to -10 °C, from -10 °C to 0 °C, from 0 °C to 10 °C, or from 20 °C to 20 °C.

[0326] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises a single copolymer.In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises a blend of two or more homopolymers or copolymers, which includes copolymer architecture of block, gradient, and random copolymers of two or more.

[0327] In some embodiments, the one or more polymers are selected from, for example, poly acrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polyethers, silicones,polyepoxies, synthetic rubbers or other adhesives suitable for use with human skin, including derivatives, copolymers, and mixtures thereof.

[0328] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises one or more polyacrylate or polymethacrylate polymers.

[0329] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises one or more polyacrylates or polymethacrylates with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or up to 100 carbons in the side chain and 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10 or up to 100 or more oxygens in the side chain.

[0330] Representative, non-limiting polymers include poly(2- ethylhexyl acrylate), poly(butyl acrylate), poly (propyl acrylate), poly (ethyl acrylate), poly (methyl acrylate), poly(octyl acrylate), poly(nonyl acrylate) poly(decyl acrylate), poly(undecyl acrylate), poly(dodecyl acrylate), poly(tridecyl acrylate), poly(C14 acrylate), poly (C15 acrylate), poly(C16 acrylate), poly (C17 acrylate), poly(C18 acrylate), poly(C19 acrylate), poly(C20- C100 or more acrylates, methacrylates and acrylamides thereof), poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), poly(butoxymethyl acrylate), poly(butoxyethyl acrylate), poly(butoxypropyl acrylate), poly(butoxybutyl acrylate), poly(fin(ding)-nemo-acrylate), poly(octadecyl acrylate), poly(octadecyl methacrylate), and poly(acrylic acid).

[0331] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises polymethacrylate, a polymethacrylate copolymer or blend thereof. The copolymer is derived least one methacrylate monomer and at least one polymerizable comonomer, including any monomer disclosed herein.

[0332] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises a crosslinked polymethacrylate. The crosslinker can be polyfunctional. In one embodiment, the stimuli- responsive polymer comprises a polymethacrylate crosslinked by an acrylate. In some embodiments, the polymethacrylate is poly(lauryl) methacrylate and the acrylate crosslinker is TMPTA. The weight ratio of the lauryl methacrylate and TMPTA may vary.

[0333] In some embodiments, the weight ratio is 98:2, 98.5:1.5, or 99:1, or more particularly, 99.1:0.9, 99.2:0.8, 99.3:0.7, 99.4:0.6, 99.6:0.4, or 99.8:0.2, 99.0:0.1 or any range therein.

[0334] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer does not comprise polyacrylates or polymethacrylates.

[0335] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises one or more amorphous or semi-crystalline polyurethanes.

[0336] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises a semicrystalline polyurethane elastomer with segments that include polyether, polyester, polyurethane, polyurethane urea, poly(isoprene), poly(butadiene) or other crystalline segments.

[0337] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises semicrystalline polyurethane elastomer either linear or crosslinked with segments that include polyether, polyester, polyurethane, polyurethane urea, poly (isoprene), poly (butadiene) or other crystalline segments.

[0338] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer does not comprise polyurethane.

[0339] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises a polyolefin. In some embodiments, the polyolefin is a polyisoprene.

[0340] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises at least one polyether, for example, polyethylene glycol) (PEG) compounds and acrylated or polyurethane-con taining PEG compounds.

[0341] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises at least one polyepoxy. In some embodiments, the polyepoxy comprises one or more epoxy monomers disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer does not comprise polyepoxy. In some embodiments, the polyepoxy comprises one or more silicone monomers disclosed herein.

[0342] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises at least one silicone polymer. In some embodiments, the silicone polymer is a high molecular weight, linear siloxane polymer and a highly condensed, silicate tackifying resin.

[0343] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer does not comprise a silicone polymer.

[0344] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises at least one synthetic rubber.

[0345] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). Examples of SBRs include those used in the manufacture of pressure sensitive tapes, including synthetic elastomers derived from styrene and butadiene. SBRs, whether solvent borne or waterborne suitable for use in the present disclosure include SBRs with varying percent of bound styrene, average molecular weight and its distribution, and the presence of functional groups introduced during polymerization. Molecular weights of SBRs range from 10 to 1,000,000 g / mol, more specifically 25,000 to 750,000 g / more, more specifically 50,000 to 500,000 g / mol. SBRs generally exhibit low water uptake, less than 1 wt% water, more specifically less than 0.5 wt% water, more specifically 0.1 wt% water, more specifically less than 0.05 wt% water.

[0346] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer does not comprise synthetic rubber.

[0347] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises thiol monomers. Exemplary thiol monomers include, but are not limited to, 3 -Mercaptopropionic acid; Thioglycolic acid; 3-Mercapto-l-propanol; 2- Mercaptoethanol; 2-(2- Mercaptoethoxy)ethanol; 2-(2-Mercaptopropionylamino)ethanol; 2-(2- Mercaptosuccinyl)ethyl acrylate; 3-(2-Mercaptopropionylamino)propionic acid; 3- (Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane; 2,2'-(Ethylenebis(thio))diethanol; 3- Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; 3-Mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane; 3-(2,2- Dithiobis(ethylthio)propionylamino)propionic acid; 3,6,9- Trioxadecanethiol; 3-Mercapto- 1 ,2-propanediol; 2,2'-Dithiodiethanol; N-Acetyl-L-cysteine; L-Cysteine; 2-(2- Mercaptoethyl)pyridine; 4-(2-Mercaptoethyl)morpholine; 3-Mercapto- 1 ,2,4-triazole;Thiophenol; Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP); Trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPMP); Triethanolamine tris(3 -mercaptopropionate) (TEAMP); Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate tris(3- mercaptopropionate) (THEICMP);Bis(3-mercaptopropyl) sulfide (BMPS); 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT); 1,3- propanedithiol; 1,4- butanedithiol; 1,6-hexanedithiol; 1,8-octanedithiol and combinations thereof.

[0348] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is a linear or branched crosslinked polymer network wherein the crosslinked polymer network contains 10 or more ester to thiolester linkages which hydrolyze in the presence of an added base or a compound containing a thiol, or a compound containing an amino wherein hydrolysis results in dissolution of the adhesive and delamination from penile skin.

[0349] In another embodiment, the stimuli-responsive polymer may be a linear or branched polymer comprising the reaction product by free radical addition polymerization of mono-, di- try- tetra-, penta, and hexafunctional thiol-ene constituents including triallyl isocyanurate pentaerythritol tetrakis (3- mercaptopropionate) or any of the thiol-ene monomeric constituents disclosed herein. In some embodiments, thiol-ene adhesives may exhibit stimuli- responsive adhesive behavior upon cooling below its glass transition. In some embodiments, thiol-ene adhesive layer may exhibit chemically-responsive adhesive behavior such as oxidation of thioether linkages by common oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide to form reversibly clearable disulfide linkages.

[0350] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises linear or crosslinked polymers that include liquid crystalline polymers with thermal transitions in the range of -10 °C to 50 °C, more particularly 0 °C to 40 °C, more particularly 5 °C to 35 °C, more particularly 5 °C to 20 °C. Liquid crystalline polymer compositions suitable for use include thiol-ene and thiol-acrylate polymers prepared via base catalyzed Michael addition or free radical polymerization processes, including those prepared from thiol building blocks such as 1,6-hexanedithiol, 1,8-octanedithol, 1,10-decanedithiol, 1,12-dodecanedithiol, hexanediol diacrylate, octanediol diacrylate, decanediol diacrylate and diacrylate species containing mesogens such as RM105 - 4-(6- Acryloyloxyhexyloxy)-benzoic acid (4-cyanophenyl ester), RM 23 - 4-Methoxyphenyl 4-((6- (acryloyloxy)hexyl)oxy)benzoate, CB3A - 3-[(3'- Cyanobiphenyl-3-yl)oxy]propylacrylate. Di-acrylate mesogens include but are not limited to RM 257 - 4-(3- acryloyoxy -propyloxy) benzoic acid 2-methyl-l,4-phenylene ester, RM 82 - l,4-Bis[4-(6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy)benzoyloxy]-2- methylbenzene.

[0351] In some embodiments, free-radical polymerization can be used to crosslink acrylate - functionalized liquid crystal networks. Click chemistry reactions such as Michael addition reactions may also be used to incorporate soft flexible segments in between mesogenic monomers to decrease Tg and enable elastomeric behavior at ambient conditions. In some embodiments, dithiols can be used as flexible spacers and include but are not limited to: ethane dithiol, propane dithiol, or any other dithiol with an all-carbon backbone, 2,2’- (ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol or any other di thiol with a polyethylene glycol backbone, 1,4- benzenedithiol, 4,4’ -biphenyldithiol, ethylene bis(thioglycolate), glycol dimercaptopropionate.

[0352] In some embodiments, in addition to thiols, amine-functionalized monomers may be used in a similar fashion. For example, n-butylamine can be used as a flexible chain extender or spacer for mesogenic monomers. Using a Michael addition catalyst such as triethyl amine or dipropyl amine, acrylate- functionalized mesogenic oligomers can be created by combining a non- stoichiometric ratio of diacrylate mesogens to di thiol monomers or diacrylate mesogens to di-functional amines. In either case, an excess of acrylate functional groups is optionally preferred. These oligomers can then be photo-crosslinked to form an LCE network.

[0353] In some embodiments, LCEs can be synthesized in a one-pot manner by utilizing thiol or amine functionalized crosslinkers with a functionality of 2 or greater. This one-pot approach can be used with both free-radical and Michael-addition polymerization methods. Examples include but are not limited to pentaerythritol tetramercaptoacetate (PETMA), trimethylolpropane tri(3- mercaptopropionate), pentaerythritol tetra(3- mercaptopropionate), di-pentaerythritol tetra(3- mercaptopropionate).

[0354] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises linear or crosslinked polymers that include silicone polymers, for example, a high molecular weight, linear siloxane polymer and a highly condensed, silicate tackifying resin. Tackifying resins or tackifiers include low-molecular weight compounds with high glass transition temperature used in formulating adhesives to increase the tack, the stickiness of the surface of the adhesive. Tackifiers include resins (e.g., rosins and their derivates, terpenes and modified terpenes, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic resins (C5 aliphatic resins, C9 aromatic resins, and C5 / C9 aliphatic / aromatic resins), hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins, and theirmixtures, terpenephenol resins (TPR, used often with ethylene-vinyl acetate adhesives)), novolacs. Silicone rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives suitable for use include special tackifiers based on "MQ" silicate resins, composed of a monofunctional trimethyl silane ("M") reacted with quadrafunctional silicon tetrachloride ("Q").

[0355] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer exhibits one or more glass transition (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), melting temperature (Tm) or other thermal transition ranging from - 100 to 100 °C or about - 40 °C, about -30 °C, about -20 °C, about - 10 °C, about 10 °C, about 0 °C, about 10 °C, about 15 °C, about 20 °C, about 25 °C, about 30 °C, about 35 °C, about 40 °C, about 45 °C, about 50 °C, about 55 °C, about 60 °C, or about 65 °C or more as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Tg, Tc, Tm peak inflection point or dynamic mechanical analysis loss modulus or tan delta peak at 1 Hz.

[0356] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer may be a linear, brush, star, dendritic, or branched polymer with weight average molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 1 kDa, about 5 kDa, about 10 kDa, about 15 kDa, about 20 kDa, about 30 kDa, about 50kDa, about 75 kDa, about 90 kda, about 100 kDa, about 110 kDa, about 200 kDa, about 300 kDa, about 400 kDa, about 500 kDa, or about 1000 kDa or more.

[0357] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is a crosslinked polymer that provides a semi-interpenetrating network or is an interpenetrating network.

[0358] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is petroleum-based.

[0359] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is bio-based, in whole or in part.

[0360] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is a compostable, bio-based or degradable polymer prepared, for example from plasticized polycaprolactone or plasticized poly(lactic acid). In some embodiments, plasticization is carried out to lower glass transition or increase tack.

[0361] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is suitable for use in food grade applications such as stickers used for produce or fruit.

[0362] The amount of stimuli-responsive polymer present in the adhesive may vary. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises at least 70 wt% of the adhesive, such as, for example, at least about 80 wt%, at least 90 wt%, or at least 95 wt%.

[0363] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises at least 90 wt% of the adhesive, such as, for example, at least 91 wt%, at least 92 wt%, at least 93 wt%, at least 94 wt%, at least 95 wt%, at least 96 wt%, at least 97 wt%, at least 98 wt%, or at least 99 wt%.

[0364] In some embodiments, the linear and crosslinked polymers comprise (i) a main chain; (ii) at least one side chain; (iii) crosslinking; and (iv) additives. The main chain (i), side chain (ii) and / or crosslinkers (iii) may comprise one or more monomers.

[0365] In some embodiments, the monomers comprising (i), (ii) and (iii) may be the same monomers or different monomers.

[0366] The monomers may be any suitable monomers. In one embodiment, the monomers are selected from acrylate monomers, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron-rich monomers, electron-poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers or the like.

[0367] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer does not comprise an acrylicbased adhesive which contains an unreacted polyol plasticizer.

[0368] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer does not comprise a hydrophobic polyoxyalkylene-based adhesive derived from poly(ethylene glycol) prepared in the presence of a plasticizer.

[0369] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer does not comprise an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive and (i) an elastomer with a tackifying resin or (b) a thermoplastic elastomer. In some embodiments, the adhesive does not comprise an acrylic pressuresensitive adhesive and (i) an elastomer with a tackifying resin or (b) a thermoplastic elastomer.

[0370] The adhesive described herein may be utilized as the adhesive layer in the contraceptive device disclosed herein, e.g., the non-rigid fractional condom described herein,for example, a rigid, non-rolling fractional condom comprising a first adhesive layer (e.g., a stimuli responsive polymer, such as a stimuli-responsive polymer described herein) and a second layer comprising a barrier and reservoir, wherein the condom does not contact the shaft or corona of the penis; wherein the adhesive layer is (a) coextensive with the barrier layer; (b) thicker than the barrier layer and / or (c) the only securing means. The adhesive may be, for example, a stimuli-responsive polymer comprising one or more methacrylate monomers and a tri-functional crosslinker (e.g., TMPTA), providing a low density heterogenous crosslinked polymer. The weight ratio of the polymer to the tri-functional crosslinker may be, for example, about 99.4:06. The non-rigid, fractional condom may exhibit one or more properties disclosed herein, e.g., pain-free removal, low peel strength at low peel rate, high peel strength at high peel rate, loss modulus, etc.1.2.2.2.1 Monomers

[0371] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, and optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, is formed from (i.e., comprises) monomers selected from acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels-Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or a combination thereof.

[0372] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises acrylate monomers. In some embodiments, the acrylate monomers are C6-C30 alkyl acrylate monomers, such as, for example, C8-C30 alkyl acrylate monomers, C8-C20 alkyl acrylate monomers, C8-C16 alkyl acrylate monomers, C8-C12 alkyl acrylate monomers, C12-C30 alkyl acrylate monomers, C12-C20 alkyl acrylate monomers, or C12-C16 alkyl acrylate monomers.

[0373] Exemplary acrylate monomers include, but are not limited to, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, pentadecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, heptadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, nonadecyl acrylate, eicosyl acrylate, heneicosyl acrylate, docosyl acrylate, tricosyl acrylate, tetracosyl acrylate, pentacosyl acrylate, hexacosyl acrylate, heptacosyl acrylate, octacosyl acrylate, nonacosyl acrylate, triacontyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, Butylacrylate, 2 -ethylhexyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, Methoxyethyl acrylate, Hydroxyethyl acrylate, Hydroxypropyl acrylate, Ethoxylated hydroxyethyl acrylate, Glycidyl acrylate, Methacrylic acid, Methyl methacrylate, Ethyl methacrylate, Butyl methacrylate, 2- Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Cyclohexyl methacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, Triethylene glycol diacrylate, Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, Neopentyl glycol diacrylate, Diethylene glycol diacrylate, Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, Propoxylated glycerol triacrylate, Stearyl acrylate, Lauryl acrylate, Isodecyl acrylate, Acrylic acid, Ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA), Triethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA), Propylene glycol diacrylate (PGDA), Butanediol diacrylate (BDDA), Neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA), Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PET A), 1,4- Butanediol diacrylate (BDA), Di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate (DTMPTA), Bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (BPAEDA), Ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate (EBPA), Decanediol diacrylate, Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), Diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA), and 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), Tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PET A), Dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPEPA), Tris(2- hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate (THEIC-TA), Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), Triethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA), Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETMPTA), Triallyl cyanurate (TAC), and combinations thereof.

[0374] In certain embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises acrylate monomers selected from octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, pentadecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, heptadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, nonadecyl acrylate, eicosyl acrylate, heneicosyl acrylate, docosyl acrylate, tricosyl acrylate, tetracosyl acrylate, pentacosyl acrylate, hexacosyl acrylate, heptacosyl acrylate, octacosyl acrylate, nonacosyl acrylate, triacontyl acrylate, and combinations thereof.

[0375] In some embodiments, the acrylate monomer is TMPTA.

[0376] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises at least 10 wt% acrylate monomers, such as, for example, at least 50 wt%, at least 75 wt%, or at least 90 wt%.In some embodiments, the stimuli -responsive polymer comprises at least 95 wt% acrylate monomers, e.g., at least 96 wt%, at least 97 wt%, at least 98 wt%, or at least 99 wt%.

[0377] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises methacrylate monomers. In some embodiments, the methacrylate monomers are C6-C30 alkyl methacrylate monomers, such as, for example, C8-C3O alkyl methacrylate monomers, C8-C20 alkyl methacrylate monomers, C8-C16 alkyl methacrylate monomers, C8-C12 alkyl methacrylate monomers, C12-C30 alkyl methacrylate monomers, C12-C20 alkyl methacrylate monomers, or C12-C16 alkyl methacrylate monomers.

[0378] Exemplary methacrylate monomers include, but are not limited to, hexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, undecyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, tetradecyl methacrylate, pentadecyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate, heptadecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, nonadecyl methacrylate, eicosyl methacrylate, heneicosyl methacrylate, docosyl methacrylate, tricosyl methacrylate, tetracosyl methacrylate, pentacosyl methacrylate, hexacosyl methacrylate, heptacosyl methacrylate, octacosyl methacrylate, nonacosyl methacrylate, triacontyl methacrylate, Ethyl methacrylate, Butyl methacrylate, 2- Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Cyclohexyl methacrylate, Isobomyl methacrylate, Stearyl methacrylate, Lauryl methacrylate, Isodecyl methacrylate, Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, Glyceryl methacrylate, Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, Pentaerythritol triacrylate, Pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether acrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, Polyethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate, Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, Ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, Hydroxypropyl methacrylate, Methacrylic acid, Acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, Diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, Butylaminoethyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, Methacryloyloxyethyl phthalate, Cyclopropyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof.

[0379] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises methacrylate monomers selected from hexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, undecylmethacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, tetradecyl methacrylate, pentadecyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate, heptadecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, nonadecyl methacrylate, eicosyl methacrylate, heneicosyl methacrylate, docosyl methacrylate, tricosyl methacrylate, tetracosyl methacrylate, pentacosyl methacrylate, hexacosyl methacrylate, heptacosyl methacrylate, octacosyl methacrylate, nonacosyl methacrylate, triacontyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises undecyl methacrylate monomers, i.e., lauryl methacrylate monomers. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises octadecyl methacrylate monomers, i.e., stearyl methacrylate monomers.

[0380] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises at least 10 wt% methacrylate monomers, such as, for example, at least 50 wt%, at least 75 wt%, or at least 90 wt%. In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises at least 95 wt% methacrylate monomers, e.g., at least 96 wt%, at least 97 wt%, at least 98 wt%, or at least 99 wt%.

[0381] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises vinyl ether monomers. Exemplary vinyl ether monomers include, but are not limited to, divinyl ether of ethylene glycol, divinyl ether of diethylene glycol, divinyl ether of triethylene glycol, divinyl ether of polyethylene glycol (DVE-PEG), divinyl ether of polypropylene glycol (DVE-PPG), Divinyl ether of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (DVE-PEGME), divinyl ether of poly(ethylene glycol) butyl ether (DVE), Divinyl ether of poly(ethylene glycol) phenyl ether (DVE-PEGPhE), Divinyl ether of glycerol (DVE-Gly), Divinyl ether of 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (DVE- CHDM), Divinyl ether of neopentyl glycol (DVE-NPG), and combinations thereof.

[0382] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises allyl monomers. Exemplary allyl monomers include, but are not limited to, Diallyl phthalate (DAP), Diallyl maleate (DAM), Diallyl succinate (DAS), Diallyl fumarate (DAF), Diallyl adipate (DAA), Diallyl sebacate (DAS), Diallyl terephthalate (DAT), Diallyl isophthalate (DAI), Diallyl itaconate (DAI), Diallyl carbonate (DAC), Diallyl diglycolate (DADG), Diallyl tris(2- hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (DATHEIC), Triallyl cyanurate (TAC), Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), Triallyl trimellitate (TATM), Triallyl citrate (TAC), Triallyl phosphate (TAP), Triallylamine (TAA),Triallyl cyanide (TACN), Triallyl benzene- 1, 2, 4-tricarboxy late (TABTC), Triallyl trimesate (TATM), Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triallyl ether (THEIC-TAE), and combinations thereof.

[0383] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises thiol monomers. Exemplary thiol monomers include, but are not limited to, 3 -Mercaptopropionic acid; Thioglycolic acid; 3- Mercapto-1 -propanol; 2- Mercaptoethanol; 2-(2-Mercaptoethoxy)ethano]; 2-(2- Mercaptopropionylamino)ethanol; 2-(2- Mercaptosuccinyl)ethyl acrylate; 3-(2- Mercaptopropionylamino)propionic acid; 3- (Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane; 2,2'- (Ethy lenebis (thio))diethanol ; 3 -Mercaptopropy Itrimethoxy s ilane ; 3 - Mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane; 3-(2,2-Dithiobis(ethylthio)propionylamino)propionic acid; 3,6,9- Trioxadecanethiol; 3-Mercapto-l,2-propanediol; 2,2'-Dithiodiethanol; N-Acetyl- L-cysteine; L-Cysteine; 2-(2- Mercaptoethyl)pyridine; 4-(2-Mercaptoethyl)morpholine; 3- Mercapto-l,2,4-triazole; Thiophenol; Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP); Trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPMP); Triethanolamine tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TEAMP); Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate tris(3- mercaptopropionate) (THEICMP); Bis(3-mercaptopropyl) sulfide (BMPS); 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT); 1,3- propanedithiol; 1,4-butanedithiol; 1,6-hexanedi thiol; 1,8-octanedi thiol and combinations thereof.

[0384] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises epoxy monomers. Exemplary epoxy monomers include, but are not limited to, Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), Bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), Novolac diglycidyl ether (NGDE), Phenol novolac diglycidyl ether (PNGDE), Cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, Glycidyl ethers of aliphatic alcohols, Glycidyl ethers of aromatic alcohols, Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), Diglycidyl ether of 1,4- butanediol (BDDGE), Diglycidyl ether of neopentyl glycol (NPGDGE), Diglycidyl ether of propylene glycol (PGDGE), Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), Epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), Dicyclopentadiene- based epoxy resins, Tetrafunctional epoxy resins, Epoxy phenolic novolac resins, and combinations thereof.

[0385] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises amine monomers. Exemplary aminemonomers include, but are not limited to, Ethylenediamine; Diethylenetriamine; Triethylenetetramine; Tetraethylenepentamine; Polyethyleneimine; Diaminopropane; Diaminobutane; Diaminopentane; Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTP A); Tris(2- aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-Aminoethyl)piperazine; N-(3- Aminopropyl)morpholine; N,N- Dimethylaminopropylamine; N,N-Dimethylethylenediamine; 1,3- Diaminopropane; Isophoronediamine; Jeffamine D-230; Jeffamine T-403; Jeffamine M-207; Jeffamine EDR- 148; and combinations thereof.

[0386] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises electron rich monomers. Exemplary electron rich monomers include, but are not limited to, Vinyl ethers (e.g. vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether), Vinyl acetate, Allyl alcohol, Allyl amine, N-Methylolacrylamide, N- Methylolmethacrylamide, N-Methylolallylamine, N- Methylolvinylacetamide, Acrolein diethyl acetal, Acrolein diethyl ketal, Diacetone acrylamide, 2- Hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2- Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-Hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2,3- Dihydroxypropyl methacrylate, Glycidyl methacrylate, Glycidyl acrylate, Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, and N-Vinylpyrrolidone, n-vinylformamide, n-vinyl pyridine, styrene, styrene derivatives, and combinations thereof.

[0387] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises electron poor monomers. Exemplary electron poor monomers include, but are not limited to, Acrylonitrile, Methacrylonitrile, Methyl methacrylate, Acrylic acid, Methacrylic acid, Maleic anhydride, Itaconic acid, Fumaric acid, Acrylamide, Methacrylamide, N- Vinylcarbazole, Vinylidene chloride, Vinyl chloride, Vinyl sulfonic acid, Vinyl acetate, Styrene, Alpha-methylstyrene, Maleimide, N- Phenylmaleimide, and N-Butylmaleimide, maleic anhydride, and combinations thereof.

[0388] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises lactam monomers. Exemplary lactam monomers include, but are not limited to, Caprolactam, Valerolactam, Enantholactam, Capryllactam, Laurinlactam, Prolactam, Butyrolactam, Methionyl lactam, Methoxyethyl lactam, Methoxyethyl methionyl lactam, Dimethylaminoethyl lactam, Dimethylaminoethyl methionyl lactam, Dimethylaminoethyl acryloyl lactam, Dimethylaminoethyl methacryloyllactam, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, N- ethylpyrrolidone, and combinations thereof.

[0389] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises lactone monomers. Exemplary lactone monomers include, but are not limited to, P-propiolactone, y-bu tyro lactone, 8-valerolactone, s-caprolactone, co- pentadecalactone, P-butyrolactone, 8-decalactone, s -decalactone, y- decalactone, 8-dodecalactone, y-dodecalactone, a-methylene- y-butyrolactone, P-methyl-y- butyrolactone, P-methyl-y-valerolactone, y-hexalactone, and combinations thereof.

[0390] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises alcohol monomers. Exemplary alcohol monomers include, but are not limited to, Ethylene glycol; Propylene glycol;l,3-Butanediol; 1,4-Butanediol; 1,5- Pentanediol; 1,6-Hexanediol; 1,10-Decanediol; Neopentyl glycol; Diethylene glycol; Triethylene glycol; Tetraethylene glycol; Polyethylene glycol (PEG); Polypropylene glycol (PPG); Polycaprolactone diol; Polymethylolpropane; Hydroxypivalyl hydroxymethylbutyrate (HPHMB); 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol; and combinations thereof.

[0391] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises carboxylic acid monomers. Exemplary carboxylic acid monomers include, but are not limited to, Adipic acid, Succinic acid, Glutaric acid, Sebacic acid, Malonic acid, Phthalic acid, Isophthalic acid, Terephthalic acid, Fumaric acid, Maleic acid, Itaconic acid, Citric acid, 1,4- Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3- Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, Dodecanedioic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0392] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises isocyanate monomers. Exemplary isocyanate monomers include, but are not limited to, Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), 4,4'-Methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI), Naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate (2,4- TDI), 2,6-Toluene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), Polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI), Desmodur N-100, Desmodur L-75, Desmodur HL, Desmodur H, Desmodur VP, Desmodur Z, and combinations thereof.

[0393] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises Diels- Alder monomers. Exemplary Diels- Alder monomers include, but are not limited to, Maleic anhydride, Furan, Cyclopentadiene, N-phenylmaleimide, Anthracene, N-ethylmaleimide, N-phenylnorbornene, N,N-dimethyl maleimide, 2,5 -dimethylfuran, Tetracyanoethylene, Methyl vinyl ketone, and combinations thereof.

[0394] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, comprises ring opening metathesis monomers. Exemplary ring opening metathesis monomers include, but are not limited to, Norbornene, Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), Cyclooctene, Tetracyclododecene (TCD), Cyclopentene, Cycloheptene, Cyclohexene, Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene, Tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-ene (TCD-Diene), and combinations thereof.1.2.2.2.2 Side Chains

[0395] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises two or more side chains.

[0396] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises C6 to C30 side chains or C6 to C30 dangling chain ends. In some embodiments, the C6 to C30 side chains or C6 to C30 dangling chain ends are C6 to C30 alkyl side chains, preferably C12 to C18 alkyl side chains.

[0397] In some embodiments, stimuli-responsive polymers comprise at least 80 wt% side chains, such as, for example, at least 85 wt%, at least 90 wt%, or at least 95 wt%. In some embodiments, the side chains are the same. In some embodiments, the side chains are different.

[0398] In some embodiments, the side chain comprises linkages made from monomers selected from acrylate, methacrylate, thiol-acrylate Michael Addition, acrylate amine Michael Addition, epoxy thiol, epoxy amine, polyethylenimine (PEI), thiol-ene, alternating copolymers made from C=C electron poor + C=C electron rich monomers, urethane, urea, acrylamide, methacrylamide, polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, peptoid, peptide, Diels-alder, lactides and lactams, and ring opening metathesis polymerization or olefin metathesis reactions.

[0399] In some embodiments, side chain chemistries include Cl -Cl 00 side chain linkages achieved by synthetic pathways disclosed herein.

[0400] In some embodiments, stimuli -responsive polymers with C6 to Cl 8 side chains or dangling chain ends are prepared from acrylate, methacrylate, alcohol, carboxylic acid, electron rich alkene, electron poor alkene, epoxy, amine, ROMP, Diels-Alder, Lactone, Lactam, Peptide, Peptoid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, thiol, vinyl and allyl monomers.

[0401] In some embodiment, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises a linear or crosslinked polymer with a side chain that optionally undergoes crystallization and / or melting in the region around body and room temperature, in the range of 0 °C to 50 °C, more particularly in the range of 5 °C to 45 °C, more particularly in the range of 10 °C to 40 °C, more particularly in the range of 15 °C to 35 °C. For clarity, side chain crystallization is optional.

[0402] In some embodiments, ranges for the linear or crosslinked polymer range from about 40 to about 100%, more particularly, about 50 to 100%. In some embodiments, the range is from about 40 to about 50%, about 50 to about 60%, about 60 to about 70%, about 70 to about 80%, about 80 to about 90% or about 90% or more or any range or value subsumed therein.

[0403] In some embodiments, ranges for secondary side chain optionally crystallizable polymer range from about 0 to about 50%, more particularly 1 to about 49%, more particularly about 2 to about 48%, more particularly about 3 to 47%, more particularly about particularly 5 to about 45% or any additional range or value subsumed therein.1.2.2.2.3 Polyfunctional Crosslinker

[0404] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more other polymers present in the adhesive, is a crosslinked polymer. Crosslinked polymers are prepared using one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers. Crosslinkers may exhibit functionality greater than n=l reactive site statistically, for example, statistical averages of n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more reactive sites and may facilitate branching, hyperbranching,interpenetrating networks, semi-interpenetrating networks and generally homogeneous or partially homogeneous and partially heterogeneous or generally heterogeneous networks with respect to phase blending or concentration of crosslink density.

[0405] In some embodiments, the polyfunctional crosslinker is selected from a difunctional crosslinker, a trifunctional crosslinker, or a tetrafunctional crosslinker. In some embodiments, the polyfunctional crosslinker is a trifunctional crosslinker.

[0406] In some embodiments, the polyfunctional crosslinker is a trifunctional crosslinker. In some embodiments, the trifunctional crosslinker is a trifunctional acrylate crosslinker.

[0407] In some embodiments, the polyfunctional crosslinker is selected from poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA); ethoxylated trimethyolpropane triacrylate; pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate; ethoxylated dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate; di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa- epoxides; poly thiols; poly alkenes; tris(2-acryloxy ethyl) isocyanurate, s- caprolactone modified tris(2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate, ethoxylated glycerine triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, and combinations thereof.

[0408] In some embodiments, the polyfunctional crosslinker is poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate with internal repeat units ranging from 1 to 1000 or more, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), ethoxylated trimethyolpropane triacrylate with repeat units ranging from 1 to 1000 or more, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate with repeat units ranging from 1 to 1000 or more, penta and hexafunctional acrylates and ethoxylated versions as described above including dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate and ethoxylated dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate with repeat units ranging from 1 to 1000 or more, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa more expoxide monomers, polythiols, polyalkenes cured by UV light, visible light, gamma or e-beam irradiation, heat or hydrosilation.

[0409] In some embodiments, the polyfunctional crosslinker is selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the polyfunctional crosslinker is trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA).

[0410] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is a crosslinked polymer having a homogeneous crosslinked network density. In some embodiments, the stimuli- responsive polymer is a crosslinked polymer having a heterogeneous crosslink network. For example, favorable adhesive failure or delamination from skin, including residual adhesive removal after peeling away of adhesive, may be achieved by heterogeneous crosslinking distribution to concentrate failure sites within network or a “swollen heterogeneous network” formed by polymerization of a crosslinker and a monomer with different reactivity ratios.

[0411] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is characterized by low-density crosslinking.

[0412] In some embodiments, the crosslinker is incorporated into the stimuli-responsive polymer network uniformly.

[0413] In some embodiments, the crosslinker is aggregated within the stimuli-responsive polymer network. This embodiment creates high stress concentration network sites and / or drives rheological behavior and enables energy dissipation (high tan delta and high loss modulus in comparison with those in a more uniform network) to facilitate adhesive failure when desirable.

[0414] The amount of the crosslinker in the stimuli-responsive polymer, or optionally, one or more additional polymers, may vary. In some embodiments, the polymer comprises from 0 to 30 wt % of the crosslinker, such as, for example, from 0.001 to 29 wt%, more particularly 0.005 to 28 wt%, more particularly 0.0075 to 28 wt%, more particularly 0.01 to 27 wt%, more particularly 0.02 to 26 wt%, more particularly 0.05 to 26 wt%, more particularly 0.1 to 25 wt%, more particularly 0.15 to 24 wt%.

[0415] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises a crosslinker in an amount selected from about 0.1 wt%, about 0.2 wt%, about 0.3 wt%, about 0.4 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 0.6 wt%, about 0.7 wt%, about 7.5 wt%, about 0.8 wt%, about 0.9 wt%, about 9.5 wt% or about 1.0 wt% or more, in each case with respect to the weight of the polymer.

[0416] In a particular embodiment, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises a crosslinker in an amount from about 0.1 wt% and about 1 wt%, from about 0.2 wt% to about 0.8 wt%, fromabout 0.3 wt% to about 0.7 wt%, or from about 0.4 wt% to about 0.6 wt%, in each case with respect to the weight of the polymer.

[0417] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises from 0.1 wt% to 2.5 wt% polyfunctional crosslinker, such as, for example, from 0.1 wt% to 2 wt%, from 0.1 to 1.5 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 1 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 0.9 wt, from 0.1 wt% to 0.8 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 0.7 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 0.6 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 0.4 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 0.3 wt% from 0.1 wt% to 0.2 wt%, from 0.2 wt% to 1 .5 wt%, from 0.2 wt% to 1 wt%, from 0.3 wt% to 1.5 wt%, from 0.3 wt% to 1 wt%, from 0.4 wt% to 1.5 wt%, from 0.4 wt% to 1 wt%, from 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt%, from 0.5 wt% to 1 wt%, from 0.6 wt% to 1.5 wt%, from 0.6 wt% to 1 wt%, from 0.7 wt% to 1.5 wt%, from 0.7 wt% to 1 wt%, from 0.8 wt% to 1.5 wt%, from 0.8 wt% to 1 wt%, from 0.9 wt% to 1.5 wt% or from 0.9 wt% to 1 wt%.

[0418] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises from 0.4 wt% to 0.8 wt% polyfunctional crosslinker, such as, for example, from 0.4 wt% to 0.7 wt%, from 0.4 wt% to 0.6 wt%, from 0.4 wt% to 0.5 wt%, from 0.5 wt% to 0.8 wt%, from 0.5 wt% to 0.7 wt%, from 0.5 wt% to 0.6 wt%, from 0.6 wt% to 0.8 wt%, from 0.6 wt% to 0.7 wt%, or from 0.7 wt% to 0.8 wt%. In some embodiments, the polyfunctional crosslinker is trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA).

[0419] In some embodiment, the weight ratio of the one or more monomers to the one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers is 99:1, 98: 2, 97:3, 96:4, 95.3, 94:6, 93.7: 92:8, 91:9, 90: 10, 89:11, 88: 12, 87:13, 86: 14; 85: 15, 84:16, 83:17, 82: 18, 81:19, 80:20, 79:21, 78:22, 77:23, 76:24, 75:25, 74:26, 73:27, 72:28, 71: 29, 70:30, 69:31, 68:32, 67:33, 66:34, 65:35, 64:36, 63:37, 62:38, 61:39, 60:40, 59:41, 58:42, 57:43, 56:44, 55:45, 54:46, 53:47, 52:48, 51:49 or 50:50.

[0420] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the one or more monomers to the one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers is from 98:2 to 99.9:0.1, e.g., from 98.5: 1.5 to 99.9: 0.1; from 99: 1 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.1:0.9 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.2: 0.8 to 99.9:0.1; from 99.3:0.7 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.4:0.6 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.5:0.5 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.6:0.4 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.7:0.3 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.8:0.2 to 99.9:0.1.1.2.2.2.4 Embodiments

[0421] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises one or more methacrylate monomer and one or more acrylate monomer crosslinker. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the one or more methacrylate monomer to the one or more acrylate monomer crosslinker may vary. In some embodiments, the weight ratio is 99:1, 98:2, 97:3, 96:4, 95.3, 94:6, 93.7: 92:8, 91:9, 90: 10, 89:11, 88: 12m 87: 13, 86: 14; 85: 15, 84:16, 83: 17, 82: 18, 81:19, 80:20, 79:21, 78:22, 77:23, 76:24, 75:25, 74:26, 73:27, 72:28, 71: 29, 70:30, 69:31, 68:32, 67:33, 66:34, 65:35, 64:36, 63:37, 62:38, 61 :39, 60:40, 59:41, 58:42, 57:43, 56:44, 55:45, 54:46, 53:47, 52:48, 51:49 or 50:50.

[0422] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises one or more C6-C30 alkyl methacrylate monomers and one or more C6-C30 alkyl acrylate monomers. The weight ratio of the one or more C6-C30 alkyl methacrylate monomers to the one or more C6-C30 alkyl acrylate monomers may vary. In some embodiments, the weight ratio is 99:1, 98: 2, 97:3, 96:4, 95.3, 94:6, 93.7: 92:8, 91:9, 90: 10, 89:11, 88: 12m 87: 13, 86: 14; 85: 15, 84:16, 83: 17, 82:18, 81: 19, 80:20, 79:21, 78:22, 77:23, 76:24, 75:25, 74:26, 73:27, 72:28, 71: 29, 70:30, 69:31, 68:32, 67:33, 66:34, 65:35, 64:36, 63:37, 62:38, 61 :39, 60:40, 59:41, 58:42, 57:43, 56:44, 55:45, 54:46, 53:47, 52:48, 51:49 or 50:50.

[0423] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises both C6-C30 alkyl acrylate monomers and C6-C30 alkyl methacrylate monomers. The molar ratio of the components according to this embodiment may vary consistent with stoichiometric calculations from mass ratio equivalents.

[0424] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises poly(lauryl methacrylate), i.e., poly(dodecyl methacrylate) crosslinked with one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the lauryl methacrylate to the one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers is from 98:2 to 99.9:0.1, e.g., from 98.5: 1.5 to 99.9: 0.1; from 99: 1 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.1:0.9 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.2: 0.8 to 99.9:0.1 ; from 99.3:0.7 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.4:0.6 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.5:0.5 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.6:0.4 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.7:0.3 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.8:0.2 to 99.9:0.1.

[0425] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises poly(lauryl methacrylate) crosslinked with one or more trifunctional crosslinkers. In some embodiments,the weight ratio of the lauryl methacrylate to the one or more trifunctional crosslinkers is from 98:2 to 99.9:0.1, e.g., from 98.5:1.5 to 99.9: 0.1; from 99:1 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.1:0.9 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.2: 0.8 to 99.9:0.1; from 99.3:0.7 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.4:0.6 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.5:0.5 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.6:0.4 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.7:0.3 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.8:0.2 to 99.9:0.1.

[0426] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises poly(lauryl methacrylate) crosslinked with an acrylate crosslinker. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the lauryl methacrylate to the one or more acrylate crosslinkers is from 98:2 to 99.9:0.1, e.g., from 98.5:1.5 to 99.9: 0.1; from 99:1 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.1:0.9 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.2: 0.8 to 99.9:0.1; from 99.3:0.7 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.4:0.6 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.5:0.5 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.6:0.4 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.7:0.3 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.8:0.2 to 99.9:0.1.

[0427] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises poly(lauryl methacrylate) crosslinked with a trifunctional acrylate crosslinker. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the lauryl methacrylate to the one or more trifunctional acrylate crosslinkers is from 98:2 to 99.9:0.1, e.g., from 98.5:1.5 to 99.9: 0.1; from 99:1 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.1:0.9 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.2: 0.8 to 99.9:0.1; from 99.3:0.7 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.4:0.6 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.5:0.5 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.6:0.4 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.7:0.3 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.8:0.2 to 99.9:0.1.

[0428] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises poly (lauryl methacrylate) crosslinked with one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers selected from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate; ethoxylated trimethyolpropane triacrylate; pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate; ethoxylated dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate; di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa- epoxides; polythiols; polyalkenes; tris(2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanulate, e-caprolactone modified tris(2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate, ethoxylated glycerine triacrylate, ethoxylated glycerine triacrylate, and pentaerythritol triacrylate. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the lauryl methacrylate to the one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers is from 98:2 to 99.9:0.1, e.g., from 98.5: 1.5 to 99.9: 0.1; from 99:1 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.1:0.9 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.2: 0.8 to 99.9:0.1; from 99.3:0.7 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.4:0.6to 99.9:0.1, from 99.5:0.5 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.6:0.4 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.7:0.3 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.8:0.2 to 99.9:0.1.

[0429] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises poly(lauryl methacrylate) crosslinked with one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the lauryl methacrylate to the one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers is from 98:2 to 99.9:0.1, e.g., from 98.5:1.5 to 99.9: 0.1; from 99:1 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.1:0.9 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.2: 0.8 to 99.9:0.1; from 99.3:0.7 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.4:0.6 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.5:0.5 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.6:0.4 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.7:0.3 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.8:0.2 to 99.9:0.1.

[0430] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises poly (lauryl methacrylate) crosslinked with trimethylolpropane triacrylate. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the lauryl methacrylate to the trimethylolpropane triacrylate is from 98:2 to 99.9:0.1, e.g., from 98.5:1.5 to 99.9: 0.1; from 99:1 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.1:0.9 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.2: 0.8 to 99.9:0.1; from 99.3:0.7 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.4:0.6 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.5:0.5 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.6:0.4 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.7:0.3 to 99.9:0.1, or from 99.8:0.2 to 99.9:0.1.

[0431] In some embodiments, the adhesive comprises poly(lauryl methacrylate) and TMPTA, wherein the TMPTA crosslinks the lauryl methacrylate. The weight ratio of the components according to this embodiment may vary. In some embodiments, the weight ratio is 99:1, or more particularly, about 99.4: 0.6, about 99.6: 0.4 or about 99.8: 0.2.

[0432] Any of the above stimuli-responsive polymers may form the adhesive layer, optionally with other additive or components, of the condom described herein and more particularly, the non-rigid, non-rolled, fractional condom described herein wherein comprising a first adhesive layer (e.g., a stimuli-responsive polymer, such as a stimulus- responsive polymer described herein) and a second layer comprising a barrier and reservoir, wherein the condom does not contact the shaft or corona of the penis; wherein the adhesive layer is (a) coextensive with the barrier layer; (b) thicker than the barrier layer and / or (c) theonly securing means. Optionally, the second layer is continuous, i.e., the barrier and the reservoir are formed together, i.e., in one piece. Optionally, the reservoir is self-forming. Optionally, the fractional condom consists of only three layers, inclusive of a backing layer. Optionally, the condom comprises one or more additional means of securing the condom to the penis. The condom may exhibit one or more properties disclosed herein, such as pain-free removal, low peel strength at low peel rate, high peel strength at high peel rate, loss modulus, etc.1.2.3. Additives

[0433] In some embodiments, the adhesive further comprises one or more additives. Exemplary additives include tackifiers, plasticizers, pigments, fillers, fluorescents, flow agents, wetting agents, surfactants, anti-foaming agents, rheology modifiers, colorants, permeation enhancers, stabilizers, antioxidants, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, adhesion may be enhanced or decreased through the addition of an additive.

[0434] Exemplary plasticizers include, are not limited to, Glyceryl triacetate (triacetin), Glyceryl monooleate (GMO), Glyceryl monostearate (GMS), Glyceryl tristearate (tristearin), Glyceryl tributyrate (tributyrin), Glyceryl tripropionate (triproprionin), Glyceryl trioleate (triolein), Glyceryl dilaurate (GDL), Glyceryl dimyristate (GDM), Glyceryl distearate (GDS), Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), Diisononyl phthalate (D1NP), Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Di- n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), Methyl decanoate, Ethyl decanoate, Propyl decanoate, Isopropyl decanoate, Butyl decanoate, Isobutyl decanoate, Pentyl decanoate, Hexyl decanoate, Heptyl decanoate, Octyl decanoate, Decyl decanoate, and C1-C20 anoates on either side of ester.

[0435] In some embodiments, a plasticizer may be added to lower glass transition of a polymer to tune adhesive regime. Plasticizers suitable for use include glycerol, 1, -butanol 1- octanol, stearic acid, n-butyl stearate, poly(ethylene glycol), Mw varying from 100 to 200 to 400 to 1000 to 2000 to 4000 to 10000 daltons or more, water, various organic solvents, 1- decanoate, and 1 -octanoate.

[0436] In some embodiments, the additives are stimuli-responsive. For example, an additive such as poly(ethylene glycol) Mw 400 daltons or glycerol could be used in blending ratios from 1 wt% 90 wt% with an adhesive layer constituent such as poly(n-dimethyl acylamide), such that the additive plasticizes an adhesive layer above the crystallization temperature of the additive and no longer plasticizes the adhesive layer below the crystallization temperature of the additive.

[0437] In some embodiments, stimuli-responsive additives may exhibit crystallization, glass transition, or other thermal transition in the range of 0 °C to 50 °C, more particularly 5 °C to 40 °C, more particularly 10 °C to 30 °C, and further particularly 12 °C to 25 °C.

[0438] Exemplary tackifiers include, but are not limited to, Rosin esters, Hydrocarbon resins, Terpene resins, Styrene resins, Polyterpene resins, Coumarone-indene resins, Phenolic resins, Tall oil rosin, Aliphatic resins, and Aromatic resins.

[0439] Exemplary tackifying resins or tackifiers include low-molecular weight compounds with high glass transition temperature used in formulating adhesives to increase the tack, the stickiness of the surface of the adhesive. In some embodiments, tackifiers include resins (e.g., rosins and their derivates, terpenes and modified terpenes, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic resins (C5 aliphatic resins, C9 aromatic resins, and C5 / C9 aliphatic / aromatic resins), hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins, and their mixtures, terpene-phenol resins (TPR, used often with ethylene-vinyl acetate adhesives)), novolacs. Silicone rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives suitable for use in the present disclosure include special tackifiers based on "MQ" silicate resins, composed of a monofunctional trimethyl silane ("M") reacted with quadrafunctional silicon tetrachloride ("Q").

[0440] In some embodiments, the tackifier or plasticizer is selected from glyceryl, phthalates, polyethylene glycol derivatives with molecular weights ranging from 1 to 1000 or more repeat units, and C10-C40 linear or branched wax or modified wax constituents, such as n- butyl stearate or ethyl decanoate.

[0441] Exemplary fillers include, but are not limited to, Calcium carbonate, Talc, Silica, Glass fibers, Carbon black, Barium sulfate, Kaolin, Mica, Wollastonite, Alumina, Titanium dioxide, Cellulose, Wood flour, Fly ash, and Graphite.

[0442] Exemplary water or solvent chemically swellable particulate additives include, but are not limited to, poly(sodium acrylate) molecular weight ranging from 100 to 5 million daltons, more particularly 100 to 1 million daltons, more particularly 1000 to 1 million daltons, with particle sizes ranging from 1 micron to 1000 microns, more particularly 20 microns to 800 microns, more particularly 20 to 300 microns, in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 95 wt,%, more particularly 0.1 to 75 wt%, more particularly 1 to 60 wt %, more particularly 2 to 55 wt%.

[0443] In some embodiments, particulate additives may decrease diffusion of water or other solvents into adhesive layer and may be hydrophobic constituents such as steric acid, hydrophobic fumed silica or polyethylene waxes molecular weight ranging from 100 to 5 million daltons, more particularly 100 to 1 million daltons, more particularly 200 to 1 million daltons, with particle sizes ranging from 1 micron to 1000 microns, more particularly 20 microns to 800 microns, more particularly 20 to 300 microns, in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 95 wt,%, more particularly 0.1 to 75 wt%, more particularly 1 to 60 wt %, more particularly 2 to 55 wt%.

[0444] In some embodiments, particulate additives may create physical sites for increased or reduced adhesion to skin and may be stimuli-responsive in nature. Constituents that create physical sites for enhanced or reduced adhesion to skin may be ceramic additives such as fumed silica, zinc oxide or titanium dioxide or may be polymers that have molecular weight ranging from 100 to 5 million daltons, more particularly 100 to 1 million daltons, more particularly 200 to 1 million daltons, with particle sizes ranging from 1 micron to 1000 microns, more particularly 20 microns to 800 microns, more particularly 20 to 300 microns, in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 95 wt,%, more particularly 0.1 to 75 wt%, more particularly 1 to 60 wt %, more particularly 2 to 55 wt%.

[0445] Additives used herein may include nucleating agents for stimuli- responsive adhesives undergo change in adhesive behavior upon crystallization by cooling. The addition of nucleating agents such as nano-scale fumed silica and polyethylene waxes could be used to tune crystallization temperature of adhesives that exhibit crystalline transitions such as polyfoctadecyl methacrylate). Nucleation-inducing additives include additives ranging in particle size from 1 nm to 1000 microns, more particularly 10 nm to 500 microns, more particularly 10 nm to 250 microns. Nucleation-inducing additives may be blended withadhesive in solution blending, high-shear mixing or other blending technique or may be generated in situ during adhesive preparation or diaphragm formation through techniques that include precipitation or phase separation. For example, stearic acid could be mixed with adhesive solutions under high shear conditions to form nanophases that remain dispersed in adhesive blends such as poly(stearyl) methacrylate.

[0446] In some embodiments, additives may serve as crack propagating agents to facilitate adhesive failure upon removal via mechanical peeling.

[0447] In some embodiments, additives are present in the adhesive in an amount from 0 to 60 wt%, more particularly from 0.1 wt% to 50 wt%, from 0. 1 wt% to 40 wt%, from 0. 1 wt% to 30 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 2.5 wt%, from 0.1 wt% to 1 wt%.

[0448] In some embodiments, the one or more additives is present in an amount of about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7 about 8, about 9, about 10, about 11, about 12, about 13, about 14, or about 15 wt.% or more of the adhesive.

[0449] In some embodiments, the one or more additives are present in an amount of about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, or about 60 wt% of the adhesive.

[0450] In some embodiments, the one or more additives is present in an amount of about 0. 1 wt%, about .2 wt%, about 0.3 wt%, about 0.4 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 0.6 wt%, about 0.7 wt%, about 0.8 wt%, or about 0.9 wt% or more of the adhesive.

[0451] In some embodiments, the one or more additives is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt%, about .02 wt%, about 0.03 wt%, about 0.04 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.06 wt%, about 0.07 wt%, about 0.08 wt%, or about 0.09 wt% or more of the adhesive.1.2.4. Method of making the stimuli-responsive polymer

[0452] In some embodiments, the stimuli-responsive polymer is prepared by curing one or more monomers and a first amount of one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers to form a prepolymer; and post-curing the prepolymer; thereby providing the stimuli-responsive polymer.

[0453] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the one or more monomers to the one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers is from 98:2 to 99.9:0.1, e.g., from 98.5: 1.5 to 99.9: 0.1; from 99:1 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.1:0.9 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.2: 0.8 to 99.9:0.1; from 99.3:0.7 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.4:0.6 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.5:0.5 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.6:0.4 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.7:0.3 to 99.9:0.1, from 99.8:0.2 to 99.9:0.1.

[0454] In some embodiments, the curing is a photopolymerization utilizing photoinitiators. Exemplary photoinitiators include, but are not limited to, 2,2-dimethoxy-2- phenylacetophenone (DMPA), Eosin y, diphenyl(2,4,6- trimethylbenzoyljphosphine oxide (TPO), lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP), and biocompatible photoinitiators.

[0455] In some embodiments, curing is done neat, i.e., in the absence of solvent.

[0456] In some embodiments, the post-curing comprises subjecting the prepolymer to an elevated temperature relative to the curing, e.g., at least 50°C, at least 100°C, at least 150 °C, or at least 200 °C.

[0457] In some embodiments, the method further comprises pausing curing prior to completion, adding a second amount of one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers, and restarting curing.

[0458] In some embodiments, polymers with C6 to C18 side chains or dangling chain ends are prepared from acrylate, methacrylate, alcohol, carboxylic acid, electron rich alkene, electron poor alkene, epoxy, amine, ROMP, Diels- Alder, Lactone, Lactam, Peptide, Peptoid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, thiol, vinyl and allyl monomers. In some embodiments, light crosslinking such as the netpoint concentration afforded by a range including but not limited to 0.4wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.95 wt% trimethylolpropane triacrylate in a poly(lauryl) or poly(stearyl methacrylate polymer (including but not limited to 99.6 wt%, 99.4 wt%, 99.25 wt%, 99,05 wt%) lauryl or stearyl methacrylate) affords a shear rate responsive polymer that is tacky to human skin and that subsequently can be removed from human skin with minimal pain, and residual adhesive that remains on human skin can be removed by light rubbing with minimal pain.

[0459] In some embodiments, these long side chain / low crosslink density polymers can be prepared by any monomers, crosslinkers or other constituents described herein by any reaction process described herein. For example, linear or branched poly(ethyeneimine, PEI) can be modified on side chain and chain ends using lauryl or octadecyl acrylate under base catalyzed conditions via Michael addition or lauryl or octadecyl isocyanate using isocyanate / amine reaction. In another embodiment, off or on stoichiometric thiolenes can be prepared using combinations of mono, di, tri and tetrafunctional thiol and alkene monomers with monofunctional constituent such as lauryl mercaptopropionate or dodecyl vinyl ether such that monofunctional constituent comprises 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 or more mole % of overall thiolene constituency. In another representative embodiment, an alternating copolymer comprising maleimide or n-butyl maleimide and dodecyl vinyl ether is prepared using radical alternating polymerization and can be lightly crosslinked by dodecyl vinyl ether with less than wt% or a polymethacrylate or acrylate to form heterogeneous crosslinked networks with low crosslink density and high C 12 side chain wt % (60, 70, 80, 90 or more wt% alkyl side chain C6 or greater with C12-C18 preferred). In another embodiment, octadecyl amine is polymerize red with a Michael addition co-monomer such as ethylene glycol diacrylate or hexanediol diacrylate under base catalyzed conditions. In one embodiment, the resulting poly(beta aminoester) is prepared with 1:25 : 1.0 C=C : NH2 (double NH2 reaction with acrylate) reaction such that acrylate end capped groups result, and acrylate end-capped poly(betamino ester) reaction products can be photocured using UV light, and crosslink density can be reduce by the addition of monofunctional acrylates or methacrylates such as stearyl or lauryl methacrylate or acrylate or by adding thiol chain transfer or capping agents such as PETMP or IOMP or EGBMP or 1,10- decanediothiol or PETMP. In another embodiment, a similar Michael addition synthetic process can be used for thiol / acrylate Michael addition reaction products, with excess acrylate preferred.

[0460] In another embodiment, the adhesive is a liner or branched crosslinked polymer network wherein the crosslinked polymer network contains 10 or more ester to thiolester linkages which hydrolyze in the presence of an added base or a compound containing a thiol, or a compound containing an amino wherein hydrolysis results in dissolution of the adhesive and delamination from penile skin.

[0461] In another embodiment, adhesive layer may be a liner or branched polymer comprising the reaction product by free radical addition polymerization of mono-, di- try- tetra-, penta, and hexa-functional thiol-ene constituents including triallyl isocyanurate pentaerythritol tetrakis (3- mercaptopropionate) or any of the thiol-ene monomeric constituents disclosed herein. One embodiment, thiol-ene adhesive may exhibit stimuli- responsive adhesive behavior upon cooling below its glass transition. In another embodiment, thiol-ene adhesive layer may exhibit chemically -responsive adhesive behavior such as oxidation of thioether linkages by common oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide to form reversibly clearable disulfide linkages.1.3. Package

[0462] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides packages comprising a contraceptive device described herein.

[0463] In some embodiments, a package comprises a condom described herein. In some embodiments, a package comprises a diaphragm described herein.

[0464] In some embodiments, a package may be rigid, semi-rigid, flexible, or combination thereof in which the contraceptive device is placed in until used, wherein the package may or may not have additional uses beyond storage as described by herein. In some embodiments, the package may be 0.005 mm or thinner, 0.005 mm or greater, 0.01 mm or greater, 0.02 mm or greater, 0.03 mm or greater, 0.04 mm or greater, or 0.05 mm or greater. The package may be approximately rectangular, circular, elliptical polygonal, or curvilinear polygonal in shape.

[0465] In some embodiments, the package comprises a flexible wrapper comprising foil, plastic, plastic-lined paper, foil-lined paper, or a combination thereof.

[0466] In some embodiments, package is a blister-pack design. In some embodiments, the blister-pack design package comprises a semi-rigid plastic or paper or cardboard well covered by a thin metallic, paper or plastic film, which may be punctured by pressing on the bottom of the rigid well. Semi-rigid is defined to be a material and thickness that maintains its designed geometry, but may be deformed by exerting a force via of between 1 and 5 N (Newtons) or between 5 and 10 N or between 10 and 20 N, or between 20 and 100 N, or between 100 and 150 N, or between 150 and 200 N, or between 200 and 300 N. Thedeformation may be an elastic bending deformation, or a buckling deformation or a creasing deformation. The well may be cylindrical, conical, spherical, a body of revolution, polyhedral, irregular or non-symmetric in shape. The well may have a circular, rectangular, elliptical, polygonal or curvilinear polygonal cross section.

[0467] In some embodiments, the package is a well design. In some embodiments, the well design package comprises rigid plastic, paper, or cardboard construction. In some embodiments, a face or faces of the container are sealed via a removable plastic film or metal foil film. In some embodiments, a tab may protrude from the film, enabling it to be peeled away by finger-strength or another means of gripping the tab. In some embodiments, the sealing film may be punctured to expose the contraceptive device within.

[0468] In some embodiments, the package is used to contain and discard the contraceptive device after use. In some embodiments, the package contains any ejaculate that may have been deposited within or on the condom.

[0469] In some embodiments, the package further comprises a delaminating composition suitable to induce delamination of the adhesive layer from penis or vagina when the adhesive layer has been adhered to the penis or vagina. In some embodiments, the package further comprises a delaminating composition suitable to induce delamination of the adhesive layer from the glans of the penis when the adhesive layer has been adhered to the glans of the penis.

[0470] In some embodiments, the delaminating composition is a wipe. In some embodiments, the wipe comprises a solvent that dissolves, denatures, or swells the stimuli-responsive polymer, thereby inducing delamination of the adhesive layer from the penis or vagina when the adhesive layer has been adhered to the penis or vagina and the wipe subsequently applied to the contraceptive device. In some embodiments, the wipe comprises a solvent that dissolves, denatures, or swells the stimuli-responsive polymer, thereby inducing delamination of the adhesive layer from the glans of the penis when the adhesive layer has been adhered to the glans of the penis and the wipe subsequently applied to the condom.

[0471] In some embodiments, the wipe comprises a volatile additive that cools the wipe upon evaporation, thereby inducing delamination of the adhesive layer from the penis or vaginawhen the adhesive layer has been adhered to the penis or vagina and the wipe subsequently applied to the contraceptive device. In some embodiments, the wipe comprises a volatile additive that cools the wipe upon evaporation, thereby inducing delamination of the adhesive layer from the glans of the penis when the adhesive layer has been adhered to the glans of the penis and the wipe subsequently applied to the condom.

[0472] In some embodiments, the package may further comprise a lubricant, spermicide, or both.1.4. Kits

[0473] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides kits comprising a contraceptive device described herein and instructions for use.

[0474] In some embodiments, a kit comprises a condom described herein and instructions for use. In some embodiments, a kit comprises a packaged condom described herein and instructions for use.

[0475] In some embodiments, a kit comprises a fractional condom described herein and instructions for use. In some embodiments, a kit comprises a packaged fractional condom described herein and instructions for use.

[0476] In some embodiments, a kit comprises a diaphragm described herein and instructions for use. In some embodiments, a kit comprises a packaged diaphragm described herein and instructions for use.

[0477] In some embodiments, the kit may comprise a lubricant, spermicide or both.1.5. Methods of Use

[0478] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of applying a condom described herein to the penis of a human subject comprising contacting the adhesive layer of a condom described herein to the penis and applying pressure to the condom sufficient to adhere the condom to penis. In some embodiments, pressure is applied with one or more fingers or the hand of the subject.

[0479] In some embodiments, a method of applying a fractional condom described herein to the penis of a human subject comprises contacting the adhesive layer of the condom to theglans of the penis and applying pressure to the condom sufficient to adhere the condom to the glans of the penis. In some embodiments, pressure is applied with one or more fingers or the hand of the subject.

[0480] In some embodiments, the condom or fractional condom disclosed herein is applied prior to sexual arousal or prior to full sexual arousal.

[0481] In some embodiments, a method of applying a diaphragm described herein to the vagina of a human subject comprises contacting the adhesive layer of the diaphragm to the vagina and applying pressure to the diaphragm sufficient to adhere the diaphragm to the vagina. In some embodiments, pressure is applied with one or more fingers or the hand of the subject.

[0482] In some embodiments, adhesion to skin may be achieved through a hot melt process through oral fusion or through other external heat such as that provided by a hair dryer or by compression in a human hand for about 0 to about 20 seconds in which the adhesive exhibits increased adhesive force upon heating to about 30 °C, about 35 °C, about 37 °C, about 40 °C, about 45 °C, about 55 °C, about 60 °C or about 65 °C or greater.

[0483] In some embodiments, application of the fractional condom disclosed herein to the penis of a human subject is easier than application of a fractional condom known in the art, including, but not limited to, the GALATIC CAP™.

[0484] In some embodiments, application of the fractional condom disclosed herein is easier than application of a fractional condom known in the art, e.g., the GALATIC CAP™.

[0485] In some embodiments, application of the fractional condom disclosed herein is easier than application of a fractional condom known in the art (e.g., GALATIC CAP™) by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, or about 100% or more, as measured by any suitable method (e.g., user-self reporting in a coital log) in a non-clinical or clinical setting.

[0486] In certain embodiments, fewer than 30% of users find the condom difficult or very difficult to apply and more particularly, fewer than 25%, fewer than 20%, fewer than 15%, fewer than 10% or fewer than 5%.

[0487] In some embodiments, the fractional condom disclosed herein remains adhered to the penis of the human subject in a manner superior to other fractional condoms known in the art, including, but not limited to, the condoms disclosed in WO2014178661A and US1 1 ,234,858. Adherence can he measured by any suitable method (e.g., user-self reporting in a coital log) in a non-clinical or clinical setting.

[0488] In some embodiments, use of the condom disclosed herein enhances adherence in comparison to other fractional condoms known in the art by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, or about 100% or more.

[0489] In some embodiments, the use of the condom disclosed herein enhances sexual pleasure of the user and / or the partner by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, or about 100% or more, as measured by any suitable method (e.g., user self-reporting in a coital log by user, partner or both) in a non-clinical or clinical setting. The comparison may be with respect to a conventional condom or a fractional condom.

[0490] In some embodiments, the condom disclosed herein enhances sexual pleasure of the user and / or the partner by about 2X, about 3X, about 4X, about 5X, about 6X, about 7X, about 8X, about 9X or about 10X or more, as measured by self-reporting of an individual(s) (e.g., using a coital log) or more formal studies, including comparative population studies.

[0491] Sexual pleasure may be measured by any suitable method. See e.g., Siegler AJ, et al. Arch Sex Behav. 2018 Aug;47(6): 1745-1754, which is specifically incorporated herein. In one embodiment, sexual pleasure is measured by an event-level, male sexual pleasure scale such as EMSEXpleasure. In another embodiment, sexual pleasure is measured using the Quality of Sexual Experience (QSE) scale. S. Sanders, et al., I Sex Med. 20130ct;10(10):2409-17), incorporated herein by reference. Both are reliable event-level measure of the quality of a sexual experience, the latter for both men and women.

[0492] In other embodiments, sexual pleasure may be assessed by the Sexual Pleasure Scale (SPS) (Patricia M Pascoal et al. (2016) The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(9), 1408-1413), the Body, Emotions, Sensations, Touch / Trust (B.E.S.T.) Scale (Beckmeyer et al. (2021) Journal of American College Health, 1-12) or the Pleasuremeter (Castellanos-Usigli and Braeken-van Schaik (2019). Sexual and reproductive health matters, 27(1), 313-315).

[0493] In some embodiments, the use of the condom disclosed herein enhances sexual sensation of the user and / or the partner by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, or about 100% or more, as measured by any suitable method in a non-clinical or clinical setting. In one embodiment, the enhanced sexual pleasure is measured by any suitable method in a non-clinical setting, e.g., by individual self-reporting (e.g., via a coital log) or a clinical setting. The comparison may be with respect to a conventional condom or a fractional condom.

[0494] In some embodiments, the condom disclosed herein enhances sexual sensation of the user and / or the partner by about 2X, about 3X, about 4X, about 5X, about 6X, about 7X, about 8X, about 9X or about 10X or more, as measured by any suitable method (e.g., user self-reporting in a coital log) in a non-clinical setting, e.g., by individual self-reporting (e.g., via a coital log) or a clinical setting. The comparison may be with respect to a conventional condom or a fractional condom.

[0495] In some embodiments, use of the condom disclosed herein is preferred over a conventional condom by at least a majority population of users (either actual users and / or partners) to a conventional condom, wherein the majority constitutes about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95% or more of the population. The users may be a non-clinical or clinical population of users.

[0496] In some embodiments, the use of the condom disclosed herein is preferred over a conventional condom by about 85% to 100% of users.

[0497] In embodiment, at least 175 out of 200 users in a population prefer the condom disclosed herein to a conventional condom.

[0498] In some embodiments, use of the condom disclosed herein results in an increase in condom usage among a population of users in a non-clinical or clinical setting.

[0499] In one embodiment, the population is a group of human subjects in a clinical trial.

[0500] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of removing a condom described herein from the penis of a human subject comprising applying a stimulus to the condom whose adhesive layer is adhered to the penis and removing the condom from the penis.

[0501] In some embodiments, a method of removing a fractional condom described herein from the glans of the penis of a human subject comprises applying a stimulus to the condom whose adhesive layer is adhered to the glans of the penis and removing the condom from the glans of the penis.

[0502] In some embodiments, a method of removing a diaphragm described herein from the vagina of a human subject comprises applying a stimulus to the diaphragm, whose adhesive layer is adhered to the vagina and removing the diaphragm from the vagina.

[0503] In some embodiments, the condom disclosed herein is easier to remove than a fractional condom known in the art.

[0504] In some embodiments, the ease of removal is improved by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, or about 100% or more, as measured in non-clinical or clinical settings by any suitable method (e.g., individual self-reporting in a coital log).

[0505] In some embodiments, fewer than 30% of users find the condom difficult or very difficult to remove and more particularly, fewer than 25%, fewer than 20%, fewer than 15%, fewer than 10% or fewer than 5%.

[0506] In some embodiments, the removal of the contraceptive device is injury-free.

[0507] In some embodiments, removal of the contraceptive device causes minimal or no pain in the subject as measured by the WBQPA, e.g., a WBQPA score of less than 4, less than 3, less than 2, less than 1, or 0.

[0508] In some embodiments, removal of the contraceptive devices causes no significant irritation, inflammation, or redness in the user.

[0509] In some embodiments, when the contraceptive device is removed from the penis or vagina, 50 wt% or less of the adhesive remains on the penis or vagina, such as, for example, 40 wt% or less, 30 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, or 5 wt% or less. In some embodiments, even if adhesive remains on the penis or vagina after removal, the properties of the adhesive are such that it is easily removed by light rubbing or rolling.

[0510] In some embodiments, the stimulus is mechanical action or force. In some embodiments, the mechanical action is shear rate. In some embodiments, the shear rate is induced by peeling, pulling, or rubbing at varying rates.

[0511] In some embodiments, the peeling is light peeling as described hereinabove. In some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a peel rate of 25 mm / s or less, such as, for example, 10 mm / s or less, 5 mm / s or less, 1 mm / s or less, 0.5 mm / s or less, 0.3 mm / s or less, or 0.1 mm / s or less. In some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a peel rate from 0.01 mm / s to 25 mm / s, such as, for example, from 0.01 mm / s to 10 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 5 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 1 mm / s, from 0.01 mms / to 0.5 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 0.3 mm / s, from 0.01 mm / s to 0. 1 mm / sec, from 0.1 mm / s to 25 mm / s, from 0. f mm / s to f 0 mm / s, from O.f mm / s to 5 mm / s, from O.f mm / s to f mm / s, from O.f mms / to 0.5 mm / s, from O.f mm / s to 0.3 mm / s, from f mm / s to 25 mm / s, from 3 mm / s to 30 mm / s, or from 3 mm / s to 5 mm / s. fn some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a peel rate of 500 mm / min or less, such as, for example, 400 mm / min or less, 300 mm / min or less, 200 mm / min or less, 100 mm / min or less, or 50 mm / min or less. In some embodiments, light peeling corresponds to a peel rate of 50 mm / min to 500 mm / min, such as, for example, from 50 mm / min to 400 mm / min, from 50 mm / min to 300 mm / min, from 50 mm / min to 200 mm / min, from 50 mm / min to 100 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 500 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 400 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 300 mm / min, from 100 mm / min to 200 mm / min, from 200 mm / min to 500 mm / min, from200 mm / min to 400 mm / min, from 200 mm / min to 300 mm / min, from 300 mm / min to 500 mm / min, from 300 mm / min to 400 mm / min, or from 400 mm / min to 500 mm / min.

[0512] In some embodiments, the stimulus is temperature change, and application of a stimulus comprises cooling the temperature of the contraceptive device to 25 °C or lower. In some embodiments, the stimulus is temperature change, and application of a stimulus comprises cooling the temperature of the condom to 25 °C or lower.

[0513] In some embodiments, the stimulus is physico-chemical change, and application of a stimulus comprises applying a wipe to the contraceptive device, wherein the wipe comprises a solvent that dissolves, denatures, or swells the stimuli-responsive polymer, thereby inducing delamination of the adhesive layer from the penis or vagina. In some embodiments, the stimulus is physico-chemical change, and application of a stimulus comprises applying a wipe to the condom, wherein the wipe comprises a solvent that dissolves, denatures, or swells the stimuli-responsive polymer, thereby inducing delamination of the adhesive layer from the glans of the penis.

[0514] In some embodiments, the condom disclosed herein is removed without application of a liquid, such as baby oil.

[0515] In some embodiments herein, the condom is removed without leaving the site of sexual intercourse.

[0516] In some embodiments, the condom is removed without the user having to urinate.1.6. Methods of Manufacture

[0517] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preparing the contraceptive devices described herein comprising adhering an adhesive layer to a barrier layer, wherein the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive that comprises a stimuli-responsive polymer formed from one or more monomers and optionally one or more poly functional crosslinkers.

[0518] In some embodiments, a method of preparing a condom comprises adhering an adhesive layer to a barrier layer, wherein the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive that comprises a stimuli-responsive polymer formed from one or more monomers and optionally one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers.

[0519] In some embodiments, a method of preparing a diaphragm comprises adhering an adhesive layer to a barrier layer, wherein the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive that comprises a stimuli-responsive polymer formed from one or more monomers and optionally one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers.

[0520] In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a contraceptive device described herein is provided comprising (i) providing an adhesive composition described herein and (ii) applying the adhesive to a substrate using one of the following methods: screen printing, pad printing, roll to roll coating, dip coating, thermoforming, extrusion, injection molding or other scaled methods of film manufacturing, thereby providing the contraceptive device disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the substrate is a release liner. In some embodiments, the substrate is a barrier layer.

[0521] In some embodiments, the contraceptive device comprises an adhesive layer that is cured using photopolymerization. In some embodiments, the adhesive is cured using UV or visible light after application as a coating onto a barrier substrate. In some embodiments, the adhesive is fully or partially UV or visible light cured and then applied to a substrate.

[0522] In some embodiments, the adhesive is crosslinked after processing onto a release liner or barrier layer by latent reaction using the aforementioned crosslinking chemistries or others. For example, residual epoxide and alcohol or amine chemistries could be used to achieve crosslinking after dip coating an adhesive onto a release liner or barrier layer or applying via spray or in a roll-to-roll coating method.

[0523] In some embodiments, the adhesive is self-healing, in that it can be prepared separately from a barrier layer, applied to a barrier layer in an additional step and optionally be made to undergo regenerative adhesive capability after removal from skin or other application surface. An example of a transfer process to apply a separately prepared adhesive layer to a barrier layer is pad printing. Another example is the adhesive may be prepared separately from a barrier layer and extruded through an orifice or nozzle and transferred to a barrier layer. Another example is the adhesive may be prepared on a form or mold separately from the barrier, and the barrier transferred to the adhesive a solid layer or a liquid deposited via dip coating, spray, brush, painting or rolling transfer.

[0524] In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is subjected to one or more quality testing steps. In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is subjected to a water-leakage test or electric test (e.g., a dry electric test).

[0525] In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is subjected to one or more tests of its physical properties, including, but not limited to, tensile strength, tensile or overlap shear strength, peel adhesion strength, and / or impact strength, and provides satisfactory results.

[0526] In some embodiments, the contraceptive device is subjected to one or more tests selected from: ASTM F2255-05 Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Tissue Adhesives in Lap-Shear by Tension Loading; ASTM F2256-05 Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Tissue Adhesives in T- Peel by Tension Loading; and ASTM F2258- 05 Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Tissue Adhesives in Tension and provides satisfy factory results.1.7. ExamplesBelow are examples of specific embodiments for carrying out the present disclosure. The examples are offered for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers used (e.g., amounts, temperatures, etc.), but some experimental error and deviation should, of course, be allowed for.1.7.1. Example 1

[0527] Poly(ethyl acrylate), average Mw ~95 kDa by GPC, solids 18-22 wt% toluene solution was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and cast onto a polyethylene plastic substrate approximately 0.1 mm in thickness as measured by calipers. Toluene solvent was allowed to evaporate in a fume hood for approximately 72 hours. After solvent evaporation, a polymer film approximately 50 to 500 microns in thickness remained on the polyethylene substrate, with sections of the polymer film measured by calipers to be approximately 200 and 400 microns in thickness, respectively. This polymer film was sandwiched with a second polyethylene 0.3 mm layer and stored for 6 months at approximately 20 C in approximately 45%- 60% relative humidity. After 6 months, the poly(ethyl acrylate) film easily remained adhered to the 0.3 mm thick polyethylene film on which it was cast. To demonstrate thermally responsive delamination from human skin, the polyethylene / poly(ethyl acrylate)substrate was pressed onto a bare human arm, and adhesive behavior was demonstrated and recorded via video and shown to be strong enough to substantially limit facile removal of polyethylene / poly(ethyl acrylate) substrate from the human arm.

[0528] The adhered polyethylene / poly(ethyl acrylate) substrate attached to a human arm was run under room temperature water (approximately 20 °C) from a kitchen sink for approximately 5-10 seconds while also being subjected to light pulling / peeling hand forces, and delamination was achieved without pain or substantial applied hand force after 5-10 seconds with no observable adhesive residue on arm.1.7.2. Example 2

[0529] Poly(ethyl acrylate), average Mw ~95 kDa by GPC, solids 18-22 wt% toluene solution was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and cast onto commercially available 6” by 6” approximately 0.2 mm thick dental dam latex and polyurethane substrates. The dental dam was measured by calipers to be approximately 0.20 mm. Toluene solvent was allowed to evaporate in ambient air for 72 hours in approximately 45%- 60% relative humidity. After solvent evaporation, a polymer film approximately 50 to 500 microns in thickness remained on the dental dam substrates, with sections of the polymer film measured by calipers to be approximately 200 and 400 microns in thickness, respectively.

[0530] Unlike the poly(ethyl acrylate) film that was stored for 6 months reported in Example 1, the poly (ethyl acrylate) film in Example 2 exhibited limited tack at room temperature (approximately 19 °C) when assessed for qualitative skin adhesion 72 h after casting onto latex and polyurethane dental dams.

[0531] To demonstrate thermally responsive delamination from human skin, a latex dental dam / poly(ethyl acrylate) substrate with a circular adhesive layer approximately 50 to 500 microns thick (with sections measured by calipers being approximately 200 and 400 microns thick, respectively) and approximately 4 cm in diameter as measured by calipers was pressed onto an erect human penis, and was heated using a hair dryer on a warm heat setting for approximately 5 seconds while pressing onto the penis head, and adhesive behavior was observed immediately after 5 second hair dryer exposure (oral fusion is an alternative technique to a hairdryer to heat a partially tacky adhesive in a hot melt process into a more ideal thermomechanical regime to achieve adhesion in one embodiment of the presentdisclosure). A rubber band was placed around the base of the tip of the penis to secure the non-adhesive section of the dental dam substrate and prevent any shear removal / stress concentrations from forming at non- adhered sites, and the erect penis was subjected to forces consistent with those observed during sexual intercourse using masturbatory techniques. Upon ejaculation, no semen was observed to leave the condom that was adhered to the head of the penis even after removal of the rubber band placed below the head of the penis. The adhered latex dental dam was then subjected to cool water (approximately 10-20 °C) in a common shower and lightly removed by peeling along the edges. Delamination with minimal or no pain in penile skin was observed while running cool water along the adhered dental dam / flowing water interface in approximately 10-20 seconds, and no adhesive residue was observed on penile skin or inside the urethra. Urination was easily achievable immediately after the removal of the adhered dental dam.

[0532] Example 2 was repeated and similar results were observed. When the methods of Example 2 were repeated, a paper towel was run across the base of the head of the penis, and no semen was observed on the paper towel. In example 2, a flaccid penis with adhered condom was dipped in ice water, and the condom was easily removed with no observable adhesive residue on the penis.1.7.3. Example 3

[0533] Approximately 10 mL of Poly(ethyl acrylate), average Mw ~95 kDa by GPC, solids 18-22 wt% toluene solution was added to a stainless steel mixing container. Approximately 1 mL of poly(butyl acrylate), average Mw 99 kDa by GPC, solids 25-30 wt%, was added to the same stainless steel mixing container and stirred using a polyethylene pipette for approximately 20 seconds. This Poly(ethyl acrylate) / poly(butyl acrylate mixture appeared homogeneous and optically transparent after stirring for approximately 20 seconds no visible signs of phase separation or precipitation. Both poly(ethyl acrylate) and poly(butyl acrylate) solutions were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used as received. After mixing, approximately 3 mL of blended poly(ethyl acrylate) / poly(butyl acrylate) solutions were drawn into a 3 mL polyethylene pipette and dropped onto 6” x 6” latex dental dams in triplicate. Dental dams were approximately 200 microns in thickness as measured by calipers. Dental dam / adhesive solutions were allowed to evaporate for approximately 72 hours in ambient air conditions with approximately 40%-60% relative humidity at temperaturesranging from 15 C to 25 C. After solvent evaporation, a polymer blend film approximately 50 to 500 microns in thickness remained on the latex dental dam substrate, and sections of the adhesive / latex substrate were measuring using calipers such that adhesive the layer was measured to be approximately 200 and 400 microns thick, respectively. To demonstrate thermally responsive delamination from human skin, the latex / poly(ethyl acrylate ) / poly(butyl acrylate substrate was pressed onto a bare human arm, and adhesive behavior was demonstrated to be strong enough to substantially limit facile removal of polyethylene / poly(ethyl acrylate) / poly(butyl acrylate substrate from the human arm. The adhered polyethylene / poly(ethyl acrylate) / poly(butyl acrylate) substrate attached to a human arm was run under cold water (approximately 5-10 C) from a refrigerator-chilled bottle while also being subjected to light pulling / peeling hand forces, and delamination was achieved without pain or substantial applied hand force after 2-5 seconds with no observable adhesive residue on arm and no observed pain in removal.1.7.4. Example 4

[0534] A circular / ovular substrate was cut using common scissors from one of the triplicate latex dental dam / poly(ethyl acrylate) / poly(butyl acrylate) samples prepared using the methods of Example 3 such that an adhesive elastomeric substrate resulted for which covered approximately 100% of the latex surface after cutting. The resulting circular / ovular substrate had an approximate major diameter of 5.5 cm and a minor diameter of approximately 5 cm as measured by calipers. The resulting adhesive / latex substrate was then placed roughly symmetrically on the head of an erect human penis such that the urethra was centered on the adhesive substrate (“adhesive condom”) and the edges of the adhesive condom extended to approximately 50% to 75% surface area of the erect penile head, noting that the urethra was fully covered and that the base of the frenulum was exposed. When the adhesive condom was placed on the head of the erect penis, natural folding resulted that served as semen reservoirs.

[0535] After the adhesive condom was applied to the erect penis, the condom appeared securely fixed to the head of the penis. The erect penis with its head partially covered by the adhesive condom as described above was inserted into a human vagina after a light volume of common sexual lubricant was applied to the vagina, and sexual intercourse proceeded. Approximately every 15 seconds for several minutes the erect penis with applied adhesive condom was removed from the vagina and inspected, and the adhesive condom appeared toremain in place without delamination occurring from the head of the erect penis. After several minutes of sexual intercourse, ejaculation occurred, and the ejaculation began while the adhesive condom covered erect penis was in the vagina and concluded outside the vagina so that the ability of the adhesive condom to prevent external flow of semen during and ejaculation could be evaluated. No semen was observed by during or immediately following ejaculation. To remove the semen-containing adhesive condom, the surface and edges of the condom was exposed to cold water approximately 10 °C to 15 °C that was dispensed from a common shower head, and the condom was removed with minimal or no pain slowly, section by section, by hand by pulling back the edges of the condom in the presence of cold water for approximately 15-45 seconds. To the person with the penis in Example 4, ejaculation was easily achieved, and the sexual experience was notably different from that with a traditional condom that covers the head, frenulum and shaft of the penis, and for comparison, sexual intercourse was repeated with a lubricated latex condom and ejaculation was not achievable in the same sexual position as that in which the adhesive condom was used until the traditional latex condom was removed.1.7.5. Example 5

[0536] Poly(n-dimethyl acrylamide) (“pDMAA"), Mw approximately 150,000 Da, was purchased from Scientific Polymer Products, Inc. Glycerol (>99%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Inc. 50 / 50 pDMAA / glycerol blends by weight were prepared by dissolving 4.17 g of pDMAA, and 4.17 g glycerol in a solution mixture of (4.17 g acetone purchased from a local hardware store, technical grade and 2.50 g 190 proof ethanol). Homogeneous, generally clear solutions were observed upon mixing and heating pDMAA / glycerol / acetone / ethanol solutions to approximately 50 °C in sealed glass vials for 10 min and vortexing mixtures repeatedly (heat, vortex, repeat) until clear solutions were observed. pDMAA / glycerol solutions were then cast onto 6” x 6” latex dental dams and allowed to evaporate for approximately 48 to 96 hours at ambient temperatures in a chemical fume hood. After evaporation of acetone, ethanol and whatever water impurities were present in acetone / ethanol blends, the resulting pDMAA / glycerol films were approximately 400 microns thick and generally tacky to the touch at 20 °C and significantly tackier / adhesive at 37 °C. A 5” x 5” 50 / 50 pDMAA / glycerol adhesive dental dam was applied to a human forearm arm and shown to exhibit significant adhesive force on video. This adhesive could bepainlessly peeled from a human forearm while running tap water at room temperature over the human arm and was observed to be completely soluble in tap water.1.7.6. Example 6

[0537] Poly(octadecyl methacrylate) ("pODMA"), Mw approximately 96,000 Da, was purchased from Scientific Polymer Products, Inc. in solution (approximately 20 wt%) in toluene. pODMA solutions were cast onto 6” x 6” latex dental dams and allowed to evaporate for approximately 48 to 96 hours at ambient temperatures in a chemical fume hood. After evaporation of toluene, the resulting p(ODMA) films were approximately 300 microns thick and not tacky to the touch at 20 °C (waxy in nature) and significantly tackier / adhesive at 37 °C. A 5” x 5” p(ODMA). The adhesive dental dam was applied to a human forearm arm and shown to exhibit significant adhesive force on video. This ODMA-containing substrate could be removed from human arm using ice water approximately 0 °C, and any residual ODMA remaining on human arm could be removed using olive oil or molten candle wax.1.7.7. Example 7

[0538] The methods of example 7 were repeated to prepare a polymer blend on a latex dental dam comprising 1.0 parts poly(n-butyl acrylate), 6.50 parts poly(n-ethyl acrylate) and 3.0 parts poly(octadecyl methacrylate). Poly(n-butyl acrylate), Mw ~99,000, and poly(ethyl acrylate), Mw -95,000 solutions in toluene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and pODMA was purchased from Scientific Polymer Products as described in Example 6. In comparison to the 100% pODMA coated adhesive dental dams reported in Example 6, the three-component dental dams of Example 7 exhibited significantly less transfer of residual poly(ODMA) to human skin during delamination at 0 °C.1.7.8. Example 8

[0539] Poly(ethylene) glycol (Mw 400 da) (PEG-400) and Poly(n-dimethyl acrylamide) ("pDMAA"), Mw approximately 150,000 Da, was purchased from Scientific Polymer Products, Inc. A 50 / 50 wt blend of PEG-400 and pDMAA was prepared in a 50 overall wt% solution of acetone and ethanol (solution was prepared using 4 g PEG-400, 4 g pDMAA, 4 g acetone (crude, from hardware store, likely water present) and 4 g 190 proof ethanol. A latex dental dam substrate taped down to a polypropylene Tupperware dish lid was placed in a vacuum oven at ambient pressure and at 65 °C with a constant air flow into a fume hood and allowed to equilibrate to 65 °C. The PEG- 400 / pDMAA 50 / 50 wt% solution was cast ontothis 65 °C substrate for 24 h in vacuum oven under constant air flow conditions and ambient pressure. A resulting film was observed that exhibited strong adhesive behavior in the range of 45-65 °C (above the crystallization temperature of PEG- 400) and no tack / adhesion at ambient temperature (below the crystallization temperature of PEG-400).1.7.9. Example 9

[0540] A series of adhesives and barrier substrates was prepared by polymerization of monomeric species. Monomers including n-butyl acrylate, n-ethyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate, isobomyl methacrylate, cetyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, acrylamide, n-isopropyl acrylamide, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, Mn ~ 750, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethyololpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and diurethane dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol di vinyl ether, n- vinyl dodecyl ether (dodecyl vinyl ether), isooctyl 3- mercaptopropionate, triallyl isocyanurate, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and / or Scientific Polymer.

[0541] Monomers were massed out using an analytical balance and added with 1.0 wt% DMPA photoinitiator until homogeneous solutions formed. These solutions were then injected between Rain-X coated 1.0mm thick glass slides separated by 1.0 mm thick spacers and UV cured at 365 nm for 15 min in a UVP CL-1000 crosslinker, after which samples were post-cured at 90 °C under ambient conditions for approximately 10 hours. Samples, optically clear after post-curing at 90 °C, were then cooled to room temperature where they appeared optically clear to the naked eye and then placed in a freezer at -20 °C for 5 min, after which samples appeared to cloud or become opaque to varying extents. Samples could be removed from glass slides and handled. Initially room temperature samples with clouding behaved as nonstick waxy solids. Upon heating to body temperature samples became very adhesive to skin, more adhesive to polyurethane dental dams and less adhesive to latex dental dams. Samples that appeared optically clear and did not cloud after cooling behaved as gels with limited tack or adhesiveness to the polyurethane dental dams or latex dental dams.

[0542] In certain cases, samples with varying degrees of clouding exhibited the following properties: (A) waxy solids at room temperature, (B) adhesive to human skin after melting upon application to human skin and good simultaneous adhesion to latex and polyurethane condoms or dental dams, (C), frequency-responsive and / or shear responsive adhesivebehavior such that melted wax adhesives maintained polyurethane and latex condom and dental dam barrier adhesion to human skin while barriers were "pulled" or "jerked" at higher forces or frequencies or shear rates such as those that would be expected to remove an adhesive barrier from human skin, while also exhibiting the ability to be removed from human skin with minimal or no pain by low frequency or low force or very soft or slow peeling. (D) For select samples, residual adhesive that remained on human skin after removal was melted and very difficult to remove, while in other cases adhesive could be very easily rubbed away with minimal pain or no pain in a very natural human manner. Videos were taken of observed behavior. Optically opaque samples that exhibited melting to human skin, including human forearm, bicep, shoulder and penis head skin and varying degrees of frequency, shear, or shear rate near-painless removal include UV cured poly(stearyl methacrylate samples) with varying crosslinkers that included poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, Mn 750, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerithrital tetraacrylate and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate in crosslinker ranges that included 0 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0. 4 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 5.0 wt%, 7.5 wt%, 10.0 wt%, 15.0 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt% and 30 wt% crosslinker prepared using 1 .0 wt% DMPA photoinitiator.

[0543] Optically clear samples that exhibited strong adhesion to human skin, including human forearm, bicep, shoulder and penis head skin and varying degrees of frequency, shear, or shear rate near painless removal include UV cured poly(stearyl methacrylate samples) with varying crosslinkers that included poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, Mn 750, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerithrital tetraacrylate and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate in crosslinker ranges that included 0 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0. 4 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 5.0 wt%, 7.5 wt%, 10.0 wt%, 15.0 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt% and 30 wt% crosslinker prepared using 1.0 wt% DMPA photoinitiator.

[0544] Compositions that did not exhibit strong adhesion to human skin, including human forearm, bicep, shoulder and penis head skin, included poly(butyl acrylate) and poly(hexyl acrylate) crosslinked with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0 and 2.0 or more wt% crosslinker that included poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, Mn 750, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerithrital tetraacrylate and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate.

[0545] Compositions that did exhibit strong adhesion to human skin, including human forearm, bicep, shoulder and penis head skin included poly(lauryl methacrylate) and poly(octadecyl methacrylate) crosslinked with 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 wt% trimethyolpropane triacrylate crosslinker and 1.0 wt% DMPA that were photopolymerized and post-cured at 90 C for 10 h or more. Higher concentrations of crosslinker such as 1.0 and 2.0 wt% TMPTA afforded skin-adhesive samples with less adhesive force.1.7.10. Example 10

[0546] Adhesive samples were prepared by photopolymerizing a monomeric solution of 98.43 wt% lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and 0.59 wt% trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), with 0.98 wt% 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) photoinitiator. The monomers were massed out using an analytical balance and mixed until a homogenous solution was formed using a FlackTek SpeedMixer (DAC 330-100 PRO). Approximately 3 mL of solution was pipetted onto 25 mm disposable aluminum rheometer base plates (TA Instruments) and cured under a 365 nm UV lamp (UVP CL- 1000 UV crosslinker) for 1 hour in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The samples were then post-cured in at 120 °C for 1 hour at atmospheric pressure. The samples were then allowed to cool to ambient temperature.

[0547] A set of comparison samples were prepared using n-butyl acrylate (BA), TMPTA and DMPA. The comparison monomeric solutions had the following compositions: (a) 98.37 wt% BA, 0.55 wt% TMPTA, 1.08 wt% DMPA; (b) 98.27 wt% BA, 0.75 wt% TMPTA, 0.98 wt% DMPA; (c) 97.87 wt% BA, 1.16 wt% TMPTA, 0.98 wt% DMPA.Solutions (a-c) were injected between two Rain-X coated 1.0 mm thick glass slides which were separated by 1.0 mm of glass spacers. The samples were cured under a 365 nm UV light source (UVP CL-1000 UV crosslinker) for 15 minutes, and post-cured at 90 °C and atmospheric pressure for 12 hours, before cooling to ambient temperature. The samples were removed from the glass slides and placed on the surface of the 25 mm rheometer base plates.

[0548] Upon manual inspection, the adhesive samples and comparison samples were observed to be optically clear to the naked eye. All samples exhibited viscoelastic behavior without flow (a soft solid). It was observed that the adhesive sample exhibited strong tack to human skin (fingertip and inside of wrist), nitrile and glass, while the comparison samples exhibited elastomeric properties with little to no tack to human skin (fingertip or inside of wrist) and nitrile.

[0549] Tack strength was quantitatively measured using a TA Instruments Discovery HR-2 rheometer with an 8.00 mm aluminum tip and Peltier-cooled aluminum base plate, with measurements taken at a sample temperature of 25 °C. The sample was contacted and compressed for 60 seconds, after which the rheometer tip was withdrawn at a rate of 100 micrometers per second, and the axial force was measured. The maximum axial tack force measured was 6 N for the adhesive sample. The same process was repeated for the comparison samples, yielding peak tack forces of 5 N, 6 N, and 4 N for samples (a), (b) and (c) to aluminum, respectively. The adhesive strength, measured in Newton-seconds (Ns), is calculated by integrating the area under the force vs time measurements for each sample, yielding 88.4 Ns for the adhesive, and 9.6 Ns, 5.9 Ns and 3.8 Ns, for comparison samples (a), (b) and (c) (FIG. 4). The tack energy of the adhesive was also computed by multiplying the adhesive strength integral multiplied by the constant withdraw rate of 100 micrometers / sec, yielding a tack energy of 8.84x10-3 Joules (J) for the adhesive, and 0.96x10-3 J, 0.59x10-3 J and 0.38x10-3 J for the comparison samples (a), (b) and (c), respectively.1.7.11. Example 11

[0550] A series of adhesive samples were prepared by photopolymerizing of monomeric solutions with the following composition: 98.43 wt% LMA and 0.59 wt% TMPTA with 0.98 wt% 2DMPA photoinitiator. The monomers were massed out using an analytical balance and mixed until a homogenous solution was formed using a FlackTek SpeedMixer (DAC 330-100 PRO).

[0551] A prepolymer solutions were formed by partially curing 90 g of the monomeric solution under a 365 nm UV light source (UVP CL- 1000 UV crosslinker) for 14 minutes under a continuous-flow inert nitrogen atmosphere in a “pre-cure” step. This was repeated four individual times. Following the pre-cure, an additional mass of TMPTA was added to each of the four samples: (1) 0.00 wt% TMPTA (“L6”), (2) 0.06 wt% TMPTA (“L6 10% TMPTA”), (3) 0.12 wt% TMPTA, and (4) 0.18 wt% TMPTA. The solutions were again mixed until homogenous using a SpeedMixer.

[0552] Subsequently, 5 mL volumes of the prepolymer solutions were then pipetted onto silicone-impregnated paper affixed to a 1.0 mm thick glass slide and cured for a further 41 minutes under UV light in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. Upon removal from the crosslinker, the samples were each individually sandwiched between another piece of silicone-impregnated paper affixed to a f.O mm thick glass slide and compressed to a thickness of between 600-700 micrometers using spring clamps, and post-cured for 1 hour at 120 °C and atmospheric pressure, before cooling to ambient temperature. The samples were observed to be optically clear to the naked eye.

[0553] A tensile strain capacity assessment was performed using a universal testing machine (Instron 5944). Samples were measured with micrometers to be 600 microns thick, and were cut into 2 cm wide rectangular strips and clamed in the Instron fixtures, with a starting fixture separation of 5 cm. The sample was strained in tension at a rate of 300 mm / min until failure (FIG. 5) Sample (1) failed at 0.15 MPa stress at 182% strain. Sample (2) failed at 0.12 MPa stress and 217% strain. Sample (4) failed at 0.067 MPa stress and 120% strain.

[0554] An additional non-adhesive comparison sample was prepared from a monomeric solution comprising 98.27 wt% BA, 0.75 wt% TMPTA, 0.98 wt% DMPA; which was injected between two Rain-X coated 1.0 mm thick glass slides which were separated by 1.0 mm of glass spacers. The samples were cured under a 365 nm UV light source (UVP CL- 1000 UV crosslinker) for 15 minutes, and post-cured at 90 °C and atmospheric pressure for 12 hours, before cooling to ambient temperature. This sample failed at 0.22 MPa stress and 152% strain.

[0555] Additional strain capacity measurements were performed on L6 10% TMPTA samples, BA samples and LA samples. The samples thicknesses were measured, cut into 1.6 cm wide rectangular strips and clamed in the Instron fixtures, with a starting fixture separation of 3 cm. The sample was strained in tension at a rate of 300 mm / min until failure (FIG. 6 and FIG. 7). L6 10% TMPTA had a significantly higher strain capacity than the LA elastomer. The Young’s modulus was computed from the slope of the stress-strain curve between 0% and 5% strain and found to be 1.33 ± 0.47 kPa for L6 10% TPMTA, 1.33 ± 0.40 kPA for LA and 3.15 ± 1.13 kPA for BA.

[0556] Alien tape, a commercially available thick elastomeric nano-texture tape, was also tested in the same manner. It did not fail before the maximum extents of the Instron were reached.1.7.12. Example 12

[0557] Adhesive samples were prepared by photopolymerizing a monomeric solution of 98.43 wt% lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and 0.59 wt% trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), with 0.98 wt% 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) photoinitiator. The monomers were massed out using an analytical balance and mixed until a homogenous solution was formed using a FlackTek SpeedMixer (DAC 330-100 PRO). Approximately 1.5 mL of solution was pipetted onto 75 by 50 mm glass slides, 1.0 mm in thickness, and cured under a 365 nm UV lamp (UVP CL- 1000 UV crosslinker) for 1 hour in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The samples were removed from the crosslinker and sandwiched between another piece of silicone paper affixed to a 1.0 mm thick glass slide, and compressed using spring clips, yielding a gap thickness of approximately 100 microns. The samples were then post-cured in at 120 °C for 1 hour at atmospheric pressure, and then left to cool to ambient temperature.

[0558] 180-degree Peel tests were conducted using a universal testing machine (Instron 5944) and Vitro-Skin (Florida Suncare Testing Inc, IMS Division) as a human-skin substrate analog (FIG. 8). The A 5 cm wide rectangular strip of Vitro-Skin was pressed onto the adhesive with moderate finger pressure and left to settle for 1 minute prior to testing. The glass slide was affixed in a stationary position to the lower Instron fixture. The Vitro-Skin was affixed to the upper fixture in a standard 180-degree peel test configuration. The Vitro- Skin was peeled from the adhesive at 100 mm / min and repeated for three samples. The average peel strength (force per unit width) was measured to be approximately 300 N / m. The procedure was repeated for a peel rate of 300 mm / min yielding an average of approximately 700 N / m illustrating a shear-rate responsive behavior of the adhesive, that at very low peel rates, the peeling force is low, and at high peel rates, the adhesion force remains high.

[0559] Comparative analyses were carried for 3M Tegaderm, a commercially available medical adhesive. A 26 mm wide rectangular strip of Tegaderm was pressed onto a clean glass slide with a 500-gram mass for 1 minute prior to testing. The glass slide was affixed in a stationary position to the lower Instron fixture. The Tegaderm was affixed to the upper fixture in a standard 180-degree peel test configuration. The adhesive was again peeled from the glass slide at 100 mm / min and 300 mm / min, repeated 10 times for each peel rate. Average peel forces were approximately 98 N / m and 94 N / m, respectively, indicating no significant shear-rate dependence of the adhesive.

[0560] Additional comparisons were carried out on several other commercially available adhesives (FIG. 9). For a conventional pressure-sensitive adhesives, variations observed in the peel force required for removal are predominantly influenced by the pressure used to apply the adhesive to the target surface, and optionally time in contact with the target surface, in comparison to the speed or peel rate at which the adhesive is removed, which have no influence or a weak influence on the delamination behavior (e.g., peel strength).

[0561] In contrast, the stimuli-responsive adhesives described herein exhibit a different behavior (peel strength or perceived pain) during delamination at different peel rates that is predominantly influenced by the peel rate or shear rate of the adhesive as it is being removed (or another stimulus applied to the adhesive immediately before delamination). The delamination behavior is independent or weakly dependent on the pressure used to apply the adhesive to the target surface, and optionally the time in contact with the target surface.(These statements assume target surface, environmental variables, temperature, humidity, are all controlled to be equivalent).1.7.13. Example 13

[0562] Adhesive samples were prepared by photopolymerizing a monomeric solution of 98.43 wt% lauryl methacrylate and 0.59 wt% trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), with 0.98 wt% 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) photoinitiator. The monomers were massed out using an analytical balance and mixed until a homogenous solution was formed using a FlackTek SpeedMixer (DAC 330-100 PRO). Approximately 3 mL of solution was pipetted onto 25 mm disposable aluminum rheometer base plates (TA Instruments) and cured under a 365 nm UV lamp (UVP CL- 1000 UV crosslinker) for 1 hour in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The samples were then post-cured in at 120 °C for 1 hour at atmospheric pressure. The samples were then allowed to cool to ambient temperature.

[0563] A set of comparison samples were prepared using n-butyl acrylate (BA), TMPTA and DMPA. The comparison monomeric solutions had the following compositions: (a) 98.37 wt% BA, 0.55 wt% TMPTA, 1.08 wt% DMPA; (b) 98.27 wt% BA, 0.75 wt% TMPTA, 0.98 wt% DMPA; (c) 97.87 wt% BA, 1.16 wt% TMPTA, 0.98 wt% DMPA. Solutions (a-c) were injected between two Rain-X coated 1.0 mm thick glass slides which were separated by 1.0 mm of glass spacers. The samples were cured under a 365 nm UV light source (UVP CL- 1000 UV crosslinker) for 15 minutes, and post-cured at 90 °C and atmospheric pressure for12 hours, before cooling to ambient temperature. The samples were removed from the glass slides and placed on the surface of the 25 mm rheometer base plates.

[0564] Oscillating temperature sweeps were performed on a TA Instruments Discovery HR-2 rheometer. A strain oscillation amplitude sweep was performed on the adhesive sample at 25 °C to determine the nominal oscillating strain amplitude. The storage and loss moduli curves were found to be constant, and a 1% strain was selected (FIG. 11 and FIG. 12). A logarithmic sweep in angular frequency from 1 .0 to 100.0 rad / sec was performed with 5 points per decade, and over a temperature sweep of from 0 °C to 50 °C in 5 °C steps (FIG. 10 and FIG. 13). A high loss modulus for L6 was observed by a high tan(delta) value of between 0.5 at low frequencies to 0.9 at high frequencies. In contrast, the comparison samples (denoted by “butyl acrylate (2 drop TMPTA)” (b), “butyl acrylate (3 drop TMPTA)” (c) and “butyl acrylate (4 drop TMPTA) (d)) had a significantly lower loss modulus, near approximately 0.1 throughout the frequency range.1.7.14. Example 14

[0565] Adhesive samples were prepared by photopolymerizing of monomeric solutions with the following composition: 98.43 wt% LMA and 0.59 wt% TMPTA with 0.98 wt% 2DMPA photoinitiator. The monomers were massed out using an analytical balance and mixed until a homogenous solution was formed using a FlackTek SpeedMixer (DAC 330-100 PRO).

[0566] A prepolymer solution was formed by partially curing 90 g of the monomeric solution under a 365 nm UV light source (UVP CL- 1000 UV crosslinker) for 14 minutes under a continuous-flow inert nitrogen atmosphere in a “pre-cure” step. Subsequently, 5 mL of the prepolymer solution was pipetted onto silicone-impregnated paper affixed to a 1.0 mm thick glass slide and cured for a further 41 minutes under UV light in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. Upon removal from the crosslinker, the samples were sandwiched between another piece of silicone-impregnated paper affixed to a 1.0 mm thick glass slide and compressed to a thickness of between 600-700 micrometers using spring clamps, and post-cured for 1 hour at 120 °C and atmospheric pressure, before cooling to ambient temperature. The samples were observed to be optically clear to the naked eye.

[0567] Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was performed using a Mettler Toledo DMA1- Star instrument. The samples were performed by carefully cutting them into discs measuringapproximately 0.80 mm in thickness and 4.75 mm in diameter. The shear deformation mode was selected, with a displacement limit of 1.0 micrometers. A temperature sweep was carried out from -50 °C to 100 °C, with a gradual heating rate of 3 °C per minute. Additionally, the frequency of deformation was set at 2 Hz. The storage and loss moduli were measured (FIG. 14), as well as tan(5) (FIG. 15).1.7.15. Example 15

[0568] LMA, TMPTA and 1 .0 wt% DMPA photoinitiator were mixed until a homogeneous solution formed and were then UV cured at 365 nm in polypropylene boxes (approximately 0.1-1.0 mm thick samples) under nitrogen for 45 min in a UVP CL- 1000 crosslinker), after which samples were post-cured at 120 °C under ambient conditions for approximately 1 hour. Samples, optically clear after post-curing at 120 °C, were then cooled to room temperature where they appeared optically clear to the naked eye. Samples exhibited excellent tack to human skin and could be removed with minimal or no pain.

[0569] Samples were also prepared separately using a photoreactor. A magnetic stir plate was placed under a UVP CL- WOOL crosslinker, and approximately 100 mL of homogeneous LMA, TMPTA and 1.0 wt% DMPA photoinitiator was stirred at approximately 180 RPM using a magnetic stir bar while being irradiated at 365 nm for approximately 15-20 minutes, after which viscosity increased to all more uniform adhesive film coatings to be prepared. Optionally additional TMPA (10%, 20% or 30% increase from original TMPTA composition) was added after initial 15 to 20 minute irradiation and mixed for 15 minutes using a FlackTek SpeedMixer (DAC 330-100 PRO) at 800 rpm to assure homogeneous mixing. Additional TMPTA was added to account for converted TMPTA used to build molecular weight and increase viscosity that might not be incorporated into network. Adhesive coatings ranging in thickness from 0.025 mm to 1.75 mm made from increased viscosity prepolymers were prepared from increased viscosity LMA / TMPTA / DMPA mixtures on top of silicone release liner paper under nitrogen and irradiation in UVP CL- 1000L crosslinker at 365 nm for 45 min and thermal post cure at 120 °C for 1 hour. Release liner / adhesive coating layers could be sandwiched between an additional silicone release liner paper and stored for further use and process demonstrated is consistent with that suitable for use in roll-to-roll UV coating of adhesives on release liners.

[0570] The roll or sheets of adhesives may be fabricated into a condom device through a suitable transfer process to mate the adhesive to a latex, elastomeric or other polymeric barrier layer. Additionally, multiple layers of adhesive may be laminated together to form a composite adhesive layer with a greater thickness if desired using a suitable roll-to-roll or sheet laminating fabrication process.1.7.16. Example 16

[0571] Samples were prepared of monomeric species and DMPA photoinitiator to form linear polymers. Three compositions were prepared: (a) 99.0 wt% lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and 1.0 wt% DMPA, (b) 99.0 wt% lauryl acrylate (LA) and 1.0 wt% DMPA, and (c) 99.0 wt% butyl acrylate (BA) and 1.0 wt% DMPA using analytic balances. Each solution was mixed using a FlackTek SpeedMixer (DAC 330-100 PRO) at 400 rpm until a homogenous solution was achieved. Approximately 6 mL of solution was pipetted into 1 inch by 3 -inch compartments in a polypropylene tray, for a total of 12 compartments per solution. The solutions were UV cured (UVP CL- 1000 crosslinker) under a nitrogen inert atmosphere for 1 hour, after which they were thermally post-cured for 1 hour at 120 C. After post-curing the samples cooled to ambient temperature and were observed to be optically clear.

[0572] Samples of 2 mg / mL solution of each cured polymer were prepared in HPLC-grade THE. The solutions were filtered through 0.22 micron PTFE filters and 0.5 microliters were injected on GPC with THF as eluent and polystyrene standards. A 1 mL / min flow rate and a light scattering detector were used. It was found that the BA sample had an average molecular weight of 1381218 g / mol and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.2. The LMA sample was found to have an average molecular weight of 27040 g / mol and a PDI of 2.4. The LA sample was found to have an average molecular weight of 759767 g / mol and a PDI of 3.2.1.7.17. Example 17

[0573] Crosslinked adhesive samples were prepared by photopolymerizing a monomeric solution of 98.43 wt% lauryl methacrylate and 0.59 wt% trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), with 0.98 wt% 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) photoinitiator (L6). The monomers were massed out using an analytical balance and mixed until a homogenous solution was formed using a FlackTek SpeedMixer (DAC 330-100 PRO). Approximately 3 mL of solution was pipetted onto 25 mm disposable aluminum rheometerbase plates (TA Instruments) and cured under a 365 nm UV lamp (UVP CL- 1000 UV crosslinker) for 1 hour in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The samples were then post-cured in at 120 °C for 1 hour at atmospheric pressure. The samples were then allowed to cool to ambient temperature.

[0574] Comparison samples comprised of linear polymers were prepared by photopolymerizing monomeric solutions of (a) 99.0 wt% lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and 1.0 wt% DMPA, and (b) 99.0 wt% butyl acrylate (BA) and 1 .0 wt% DMPA using analytic balances. Each solution was mixed using a FlackTek SpeedMixer (DAC 330-100 PRO) at 400 rpm until a homogenous solution was achieved. Approximately 6 mL of solution was pipetted into 1 inch by 3 inch compartments in a polypropylene tray, for a total of 12 compartments per solution. The solutions were UV cured (UVP CL- 1000 crosslinker) under a nitrogen inert atmosphere for 1 hour, after which they were thermally post-cured for 1 hour at 120 °C. After post-curing, the samples cooled to ambient temperature and were observed to be optically clear. Approximately 0.5 mL of the polymer samples were scooped onto 25 mm disposable aluminum rheometer base plates and allowed to settle for 30 minutes.

[0575] Frequency sweeps were performed on a TA Instruments Discovery HR-2 rheometer to measure the loss and storage moduli. A strain oscillation amplitude sweep was performed on the adhesive sample at 25 °C to determine the nominal oscillating strain amplitude. The storage and loss moduli curves were found to be constant, and a 1% strain was selected. A logarithmic sweep in angular frequency from 0.2 to 20.0 rad / sec was performed at 25 °C, 50 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C. The ratio of the loss modulus over the storage modulus, tan(delta) is reported, showing a high loss behavior (FIGs. 16-19).

[0576] A constant torque of 500 micro-Newton-meters was then applied to samples at 25 °C, 50 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C, and the resulting shear rate and strain were measured over time, for 180 seconds at 25 °C and 50 °C, and for 600 seconds at 80 °C and 100 °C (FIGs. 20-23).

[0577] Finally tack strength was measured at 25 °C, 50 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C (FIG. 24 and FIG. 25) The sample was contacted and compressed for 60 seconds, after which the rheometer tip was withdrawn at a rate of 100 micrometers per second, and the axial force was measured. The peak tack force for L6 was found to be 3.8 N at 25 °C, 2.0 N at 50 °C, 1.3 N at 80 °C and 0.9 N at 100 °C. The LMA comparison sample was found to have a peak tackforce of 6.0 N at 25 °C and 3.7 N at 80 °C. The BA comparison sample was found to have a peak tack force of 4. 1 N at 80 °C.

[0578] The same process was repeated for the comparison samples, yielding peak tack forces of 5 N, 6 N, and 4 N for samples (a), (b) and (c) to aluminum, respectively. The adhesive strength, measured in Newton-seconds (Ns), is calculated by integrating the area under the force vs time measurements for each sample, yielding 88.4 Ns for the adhesive, and 9.6 Ns, 5.9 Ns and 3.8 Ns, for comparison samples (a), (b) and (c). The tack energy of the adhesive was also computed by multiplying the adhesive strength integral multiplied by the constant withdraw rate of 100 micrometers / sec, yielding a tack energy of 8.84xl0-3Joules (J) for the adhesive, and 0.96xl0-3J, 0.59xl0-3J and 0.38xl0‘3J for the comparison samples (a), (b) and (c), respectively.1.7.18. Example 18

[0579] Sol-gel analysis was carried out according to known methods in dichloromethane (DCM) on UV cured samples. Cured polymer samples of masses ranging from approximately 0.2 g to 0.6 g were massed in tared glass vials and subjected to approximately 40 mL of DCM in sealed glass vials. The vials were mixed in a RapidVap vortexer at 35 RPM for 24 hours at approximately 25 °C, after which the DCM was decanted, resulting consistent gels, highly swollen in DCM, and were allowed to dry for 24 hours at ambient temperature and pressure in a commercial chemical fume hood and then further dried for 3 hours at 60 °C and subsequently 2 hrs. at 120 °C. Final masses of remaining samples / vials were taken, and gel fractions were calculated as final polymer mass divided by initial polymer mass.Representative data are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 32.Table 1.

[0580] Despite highly weight ratios and mole ratios (within 2x crosslink density), the adhesives exhibited similar gel fraction in the range of 0.70 to 0.90.1.7.19. Example 19

[0581] A series of condoms were fabricated using L6, L6 + 10 wt% increased TMPTA, L6 + 20 wt% increased TMPTA, L6 + 30 wt% increased TMPTA, lauryl acrylate (LA) with 0.6 wt% TMPTA and a Styrenic adhesive. Condoms approximately 1 inch by 2 inches rectangular in shape or 1 inch in diameter circular in shape were prepared by transferring approximately 3 inches by 3 inches by squares of adhesive to latex dental dams approximately 0.20 mm in diameter. Adhesive thicknesses ranged from 200 microns to 800 microns thick.

[0582] The fabricated condoms were placed on a combination of erect and flaccid penises of several individuals. In some cases, vaginal penetrative sexual intercourse was then carried out, in other cases manual stimulation was carried out. Subsequently, the adhesives were removed from the penis, and the pain self-reported using a standard Wong-Baker type pictogram-numeric pain scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain).

[0583] Additionally, commercially available adhesive tapes were tested, which included the Galactic Cap, FLEXcon medical adhesive, 3M Scotch-brand clear packing tape, 3M Scotchbrand blue painters tape and 3M post-it notes. Results are shown in FIG. 33., and the number of samples of each type of adhesive per individual is reported in Table 2.Table 2

[0584] It was observed that L6 and L6 variant samples typically took between 3 and 15 seconds to remove, averaging between 5 and 8 seconds. Galactic Cap samples took more than 5 minutes to remove per instance and required the use of coconut oil or hydrating lotion. Packing tape, FLEXcon medical adhesive and blue painters’ tape all typically took between 10 and 30 seconds to remove, depending on surface area of the sample. The post-it note while relatively pain free and fast to remove (between 1 and 5 seconds), had a relatively low adhesion force.2. CONTINUATION OF DETAILED DESCRIPTION2.1. BACKGROUND OF DEVELOPABLE SURFACES

[0585] Developable surfaces are a known class of surfaces in the fields of differentiable geometry. A developable surface is a smooth surface (without kinks, comers or creases) that has zero Gaussian curvature.

[0586] Developable surfaces have found value in the domain of shipbuilding, building architecture, and automotive design. A developable surface may be constructed by bending and rolling an initially planar piece of material into the desired three-dimensional shape without local stretching or compression of the material. This is particularly advantageous when considering construction materials which do not distort (stretch or compress) easily. Common examples of such materials are paper and plywood, which can be readily bent, creased, or rolled. However, when these materials are put under tension beyond a threshold load, they tend to tear or fracture, rather than undergo a large elastic or plastic deformation. And when they are loaded under compression beyond a threshold, they often buckle.

[0587] In ship hull design, it is rare to be able to form a hull geometry entirely from a single developable surface, so typically several are joined together, where each “patch” may be regarded as a developable surface, joined together into the ship hull, which may be regarded as a “polysurface”. A polysurface is typically watertight, however the junction or boundary between adjacent surfaces need not be continuous, smooth (e.g., corners or chines), orendowed with the same or continuous properties. These joints are typically secured with glue / adhesives, fillers, weldments, or other methods.

[0588] A material having a developable surface has a 3D surface that can be “unrolled” into a flat surface without locally stretching or compressing the material. Common examples may include any ring or cone one can make from a piece of paper by rolling and bending the paper and then taping / gluing the paper ends together. This would constitute a developable surface because paper cannot be stretched or compressed — the paper will just tear. As another example, one can cover half of a sphere (e.g., a globe) by stretching a sheet of latex over the sphere without wrinkling, folding, or tearing the latex. But this cannot be done with a sheet of flat paper.

[0589] Embodiments include an enhanced sensation condom (ESC) for containing ejaculate fluids and when used as a contraceptive, preventing the passage of sperm to a receiving partner, thereby preventing pregnancy during vaginal intercourse. It may also be used for containing ejaculate fluids (i.e., semen and understood to also include pre-ejaculate fluids, particularly those that may contain sperm) and preventing their passage to a receiving user during penetrative or non-penetrative vaginal, anal or oral intercourse to mitigate transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI prevention), avoid undesirable ingestion of ejaculate fluids by a receiving partner, or to otherwise contain ejaculate fluids such as in the hopes of reducing clean up or mess.

[0590] An embodiment of the ESC is comprised of a barrier body (sometimes referred to as a “barrier layer”) for containing the ejaculate fluid which is secured to the penis glans (hereafter referred to simply as the “glans”) by the second component, an adhesive layer, which also functions to provide a seal between the barrier body and the user’ s skin. The adhesive layer is designed to secure to the glans, however due to the variation in human anatomy, some users may find parts of the adhesive region may wrap over portions of the glans corona, the frenulum and may contact small portions of the surrounding shaft skin. However, it should be understood that these are due to the naturally vast variations in human anatomy and should not be interpreted as functioning in a manner different from that of exemplary modes described in this disclosure, and geometric designs, mechanical properties of the barrier layer and adhesive layer properties have been selected to optimize performance without compromising the intended purpose of remaining affixed to a male user duringintercourse, and containing ejaculate fluids. By affixing to the glans of the penis, most of the shaft remains exposed to natural naked contact for sexual stimulation, in contrast to the total penile skin coverage afforded by a conventional condom.

[0591] In an embodiment, the barrier body comprises one, two or more pieces of an elastomeric or plastic material that conform in a facile manner or drape to the shape of the user’s glans geometry and expand under the pressure of human ejaculation to contain the expelled fluid within a reservoir that has a three-dimensional shape and for the adhesive layer to join the reservoir with an angle that mitigates the peel up of the adhesive layer from the glans skin by primarily loading the adhesive layer in shear.

[0592] In an embodiment, the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive material that exhibits a stimuli-responsive or dynamically varying material behavior. Such adhesives are tacky when applied to the skin and remain affixed throughout intercourse. When an appropriate stimulus is applied to the adhesive, the stimuli-responsive adhesive exhibits a lower peel force such that it is easier and less painful to remove than without the specific stimuli applied, particularly when compared to medical and household adhesives known in the art, such as 3M Tegaderm™. Several embodiments and compositions are disclosed herein, with the most favorable being a shear-rate responsive adhesive where the stimulus is a continuous variation in the applied shear peel rate of the adhesive, and the measured peel force varies dynamically in response.

[0593] Embodiments of adhesive compositions disclosed herein exhibit several properties that are novel to the art. Embodiments of compositions are crosslinked or lightly crosslinked polymeric network materials that live minimal or no residual residue on skin after removal in manners that include peeling. Embodiments of adhesives exhibit an energy-dissipating viscoelastic behavior with strain capacities consistent with or greater than that of human skin, and glans skin in particular, so they comply with skin and bodily motions. The favorable compositions disclosed herein exhibit very low to no tack to naturally moist tissues or mucosa membranes, such as the tissue that makes up the urethra, the vaginal wall, the rectum, and the oral cavity. This behavior mitigates problems that arise from adhesives and adhesive condoms known in the art, where the adhesive may either block or seal the urethra meatus (opening) shut or adhere to the inner surface, causing significant pain on removal.Furthermore, the adhesive disclosed herein mitigates the risk of adhering to the vaginal wallor oral cavity, causing pain or discomfort for one or both users, or loss of the device within the receiving user’s body. However, these compositions are hydrophobic and their adhesive behavior is not reduced due to exposure to water once dried, nor are they dissolved or washed away from a substrate to which they are applied by water.

[0594] Exemplary adhesives comprise compositions formed into polymeric adhesives using roll to roll or sheet coating processes known in the art. However, the manipulation of crosslinked or lightly crosslinked adhesives from planar sheets or films into more complex surfaces poses a significant challenge. A novel developable three-dimensional ring-like or encompassing adhesive layer geometry and a novel method of manufacture of such a three- dimensional adhesive ring comprising an adhesive, including a crosslinked or lightly crosslinked adhesive, is disclosed herein The combination of the developable ring geometry and manufacturing process enable the manipulation of a crosslinked adhesive while attached to a release liner, most typically a siliconized paper or surface-treated thermoset plastic film, by a machine to fabricate an ESC. While not exhaustive, this method may be preferable when the barrier body is composed of a material that is not a thermoplastic, such as natural rubber latex — a ubiquitous material in the condom and medical barrier space.

[0595] For embodiments in which natural rubber latex allergies are a concern, alternative methods of manufacture are disclosed to be used with barrier bodies with thermoplastic alternative compositions, including thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic elastomers, polyisoprene and nitrile rubber.2.2. BROAD DESCRIPTION

[0596] Embodiments disclosed herein describe a solution for the unmet societal demand for pleasurable of contraceptive solutions. The solution of an adhesive condom that adheres to the tip of the penis (glans) is an impactful innovation that embodies novel adhesives strong and robust enough to stay adhered to the penis during sexual intercourse, contain a volume of semen upon ejaculation, and not damage penile skin tissue or otherwise cause pain is also described in the background above, including not damaging mucosal tissue in the urethra by not adhering to wet or aqueous tissue.

[0597] Embodiments highlight the difference between a planar (flat) adhesive surface and a three-dimensional surface that may be developed (unrolled) into a planar surface withoutdistortion. It is important to note the difference between “developing” a 3D surface into a planar (2D) surface (best stated as “unrolled” in layman’s terms) and “projecting” a 3D surface onto a planar (2D) surface. Any surface can be projected onto any plane, but the ability for a given surface to be developed into its planar representation is a special property of this special family of 3D surfaces.

[0598] The geometries presented herein are referred to three-dimensional rings. As used herein, a developable three-dimensional ring is a surface with infinitesimal or finite thickness and two edges, each transversable by an edge walk terminating at the starting location, and optionally may have corners, curves, or kinks. If these geometries exist in a plane, they are a form of generalized annulus, whereby the region of note spans the area between two planar polygons or curvilinear polygons. For example, see Figure 35B center projection.

[0599] Embodiments provide solutions to problems of implementing an adhesive condom in a manner that is robust in its performance in use (sexual intercourse, securing and / or sealing to body appendages such as the penis) and can be manufactured economically at scale. A common feature of roll-to-roll or sheet adhesive manufacturing methods known in the art is the use of inextensible release liners or transfer liners to aide in the manufacturing process. The inextensible nature of the release liner limits the subsequent manipulation and handling of the adhesive to fabricate certain three-dimensional shapes, and in particular, many shapes that are favorable for a condom that must attach and seal to the human penis.

[0600] In one embodiment, the condom is suitable for conforming to and surviving sex for penis geometries and anatomies that vary widely amongst users — in shape, size, and location of the urethra meatus (opening) on the glans (head of the penis). Embodiments solve these problems through geometric design innovations. Geometries described herein have novel varying ability to conform to diverse penis geometries and locations of urethra meatuses, namely in the three-dimensional geometries.

[0601] Embodiments are differentiated from prior art in the space of adhesive or fractional condoms in that, for example, they do not require the user to use both hands or fine dexterity, or both, to either apply or remove the device, enabling a broader audience of users to use the device, and to increase the robustness of the device when used for any user to mitigate the likelihood of failure.

[0602] The geometries of various embodiments conform to the penises on the smaller side of the distribution of penis geometries with minimal wrinkling or folding. As the curvature of the adhesive layer geometries matches the smaller radius of curvature of a smaller-than- average penis geometry in comparison to an initially flat geometry that must be bent significantly by the user to match the radius of a smaller glans, less wrinkling is likely to be introduced during application. Reducing wrinkling or folding reduces the risk of poor adhesion attachment and thus delamination either during intercourse, upon ejaculation or when inflated with semen. Reducing wrinkling or folding also reduces the likelihood of channels that would permit the flow of semen or pre-ejaculate fluids from the male user to the receiving user. Small geometry users are proposed by the inventor to be the limiting factor in an ESC or traditional condom’s functional performance.

[0603] Furthermore, the novel geometries presented herein accommodate larger penises by simply “riding higher” on the glans of the penis. In some non-limiting embodiments, condoms in embodiments exhibit performance advantages over other fractional condoms because embodiments of condoms adhere substantially to the glans skin, which exhibits greater surface roughness and higher surface area for adhesion to the condoms of the embodiments described herein and skin mechanical behavior and chemistry to enable adhesion suitable for the condoms in embodiments described herein to survive sex in contrast to those of shaft skin, to which some fractional condoms adhere. And the glans geometry will appear milder in the sense that the adhesive or the device in general will not need to bend or crease to an undesirable extent because the penis dimensions (particularly its principal curvatures over the glans) are small in comparison to those of the condom — i.e., the penis appears “flatter” to the adhesive. This relative “flatness” is favorable with respect to reducing adverse internal strains and bending moments that may contribute to delamination behavior or adverse (peeling) stresses.

[0604] In the case of a compressive “hoop stress” that may be induced by the response of the adhesive condom to a larger penis as the adhesive portion of the condom is stretched (along with the barrier layer in certain embodiments) over the glans. In this case, this compressive hoop stress can provide an additional favorable mechanism to help the condom seal and stay attached to the penis and enhance the seal for containing semen in a similar manner to how atraditional condom compressively seals against the base of penis shaft (when the condom is appropriately sized for its user).

[0605] Some embodiments address challenges in scaled manufacturing of adhesives- including, but not limited to, adhesives that adhere to human skin. Certain adhesives are prepared or formed by coating and / or drying / curing a liquid resin (either neat or solvent based resin) onto a substrate, tape, or release liner. In some embodiments, heat or UV curing technology is utilized to cure adhesives from monomers, prepolymers or oligomers. In some embodiments, UV curable adhesives are coated onto a release liner, or between two release liners and subsequently transferred or mated to a substrate at a later step. In some of embodiments, a suitable release liner is a paper-based substrate (e.g., siliconized paper). In other embodiments, a suitable release liner comprises an optically and UV transparent film. In other embodiments, the optical or UV transparent film is polyethylene terephthalate coated in fluoropolymer or silicone.

[0606] Some embodiments improve upon difficulties associated with making a three- dimensional shape from these adhesives. Processable lightly crosslinked, branched, hyperbranched or liner adhesive can be formed into a layer and processed to conform to or mate to another shape, and are coated onto a distortable (e.g. compliant, plastically deformable, or highly elastic) release liner, then they may be transferred or matted to general 3D geometric substrates (whether those also be rigid or compliant to whatever arbitrary degree). However, if they are coated on a non-distortable release liner (e.g., siliconized paper), then the construction methods to achieve a 3D geometry or transfer are limited to non-distortive operations. The adhesive can also be coated onto a compliant barrier material (i.e. latex, thermoplastic (elastomer), or thermoplastic polyurethane), which will allow the construct to be configured into a 3D geometry.

[0607] In some embodiments, when trying to achieve a smooth and continuous adhesive layer when transferred, manipulated, or otherwise transformed into a 3D shape, bending, and “rolling” into (generalized) cylinders, (generalized) cones, (generalized) helices and tangent curves, are the only option. These specific shapes permit the adhesive to stay affixed to the release liner, facilitating manipulation and handling of the adhesive (and preventing it from being contaminated until ready for use). In one embodiment, utilizing this geometry enables the performance required by the problem and solution above, while also satisfying theadhesive manufacturing constraint. Note that these requirements for non-distortion are typically driven by the release liner but may also be driven by the adhesive.

[0608] In some embodiments, it is desirable to add a texture to the outer surface of the barrier layer, such as one to enhance the sensation experienced by one or both users, or to the inner surface of the barrier layer to enhance the sensation of one or both users. Examples of such textures are bumps, dots, ribs, diamonds, or random roughness. Additional enhancements may also be added to enhance the use of using the product, such as colorations, printed decorative or instructional patterns and markings, scent additives, flavoring additives, stimulant additives (e.g., those that may induce a cooling / icy or warming sensation), or lubricants.

[0609] In certain embodiments, these shapes may have internal stresses limited to internal bending moments. Limited stretching or compressive stresses are present when integrating through the thickness (measured at any point on the surface).2.3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION2.3.1. ENHANCED SENSATION CONDOM - SINGLE BODY

[0610] In some embodiments, ESC is a single body comprising two components — a barrier body which itself consists of a single barrier layer, and an adhesive layer. The barrier layer is a compliant membrane or film that functions as the main body of the condom to contain the ejaculate fluid. The barrier layer is affixed to the penis glans via the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer of the condom has a ring-shaped (annular) region for attaching to the glans of the penis, more specifically a three-dimensional ring shape. In exemplary embodiments, the three-dimensional ring shape is a developable surface.2.3.1.1 BARRIER LAYER

[0611] The barrier layer has an inner surface and an outer surface to contain semen between the inner surface and the surface of the penis of the user. The barrier layer is between 5 and 250 microns, or in some embodiments between 25 and 125 microns, or in some embodiments between 25 and 100 microns.

[0612] A portion of the inner surface of the barrier layer is covered by the adhesive layer, which extends to the free edges (peripheral edge) of the inner surface of the barrier layer toprevent unintended peel-up of the device during use. One embodiment solves a notable problem associated with that of a free-hanging edge that is not sufficiently adhered to the user’s penis may result in a partial or complete delamination of the device, reducing and possibly compromising its function to contain semen. The fraction of the area of the barrier layer covered by the adhesive layer may be up to 100%, up to 90%, up to 80%, up to 70%, up to 60%, up to 50%, up to 40%, up to 30%, or up to 20% of the inner surface area of the barrier layer. The portion of the inner surface of the barrier layer covered by the adhesive layer has either a planar geometry, a developable three-dimensional closed ring geometry or a doubly curved three-dimensional closed ring geometry that conforms to the geometry of the adhesive layer without wrinkling, folding or voids between the two layers.

[0613] The barrier layer is an elastic or plastic film that is impervious to the passage of sperm and is sufficiently compliant to conform to the shape of the glans and surrounding anatomy in a facile manner. Suitable materials include natural rubber latex, thermoplastic elastomers, and thermoplastic polyurethane, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester. Favorable materials have a strain capacity (maximum strain before rupture or leaking failure) between 50 and 2000%, or in some embodiments between 100 and 800%, or in some embodiments between 125 and 700%. As a non-limiting rule of thumb, for a hemispherical reservoir, the strain capacity to accommodate a given volume increase over the unstrained initial reservoir volume, scales approximately as the two-thirds power of the ratio of the final volume divided by the initial void volume.

[0614] Both elastically and plastically deforming materials are suitable. If the barrier material is elastic, the elastic modulus measured at 0% or 100% strain is between 0.1 and 10 MPa, or in some embodiments between 0.2 and 5 MPa, or in some embodiments between 0.5 and 2.5 MPa. If the material plastically deforms, the yield stress should be between the same limits. Non-limiting suitable materials may have a Shore-A durometer measure of between 30A and 100A.

[0615] The reservoir for containing semen comprises the area of the barrier layer not adhered to the glans of the user.

[0616] In some embodiments, the reservoir comprises pre-formed portion of the barrier layer with a void volume between 0.1 and 10 mL, or in some embodiments between 0.5 and 5 mL,or in some embodiments between 1.0 and 5.0 mL. In other embodiments, the reservoir is selfforming, such that the void volume is 0 mL.

[0617] In some embodiments, a fraction of the inner surface area of the adhesive layer (the face directly in contact with the glans when in use) near the center of the device is passivated such that it does not adhere to the skin, to the barrier layer or to itself. The fraction of the adhesive layer surface that is passivated may be up to 60%, up to 50%, up to 40%, up to 30%, up to 20%, up to 10%, or up to 5% of the adhesive layer surface area. Exemplary methods for passivating the adhesive layer comprises covering the area with an elastomeric or plastic film such as natural rubber latex, polyurethane, polyisoprene, or thermoplastic elastomer.

[0618] The reservoir for containing semen comprises the volume bounded between the glans and by the area of the barrier layer not covered by the adhesive layer plus the area of the adhesive layer that has been passivated.

[0619] In some embodiments, the reservoir is preformed and has an absorbent material, such as super- absorbing polymer contained within a thin ejaculate-permeable polyethylene covering, attached to a portion of the inner surface of the reservoir that absorbs or gels ejaculate fluids to the likelihood of leaking. The absorbent material may have a thickness between 50 and 150 microns. The portion of the reservoir covered by the absorbent material may be between 10% and 90%.

[0620] In some embodiments, the reservoir is self-forming and has an absorbent material, such as super-absorbing polymer contained within a thin ejaculate -permeable polyethylene covering, attached to a portion of the inner surface of the reservoir that absorbs or gels ejaculate fluids to the likelihood of leaking. The absorbent material may have a thickness between 50 and 150 microns. The portion of the reservoir covered by the absorbent material may be between 10% and 90%.2.3.1.2 RESERVOIR

[0621] In some embodiments, the reservoir is pre-formed prior to use with a volume between 0. 1 and 10 mL, or in some embodiments between 0.5 and 5 mL, or in some embodiments between 1.0 and 5.0 mL.

[0622] In some embodiments, the reservoir is self-forming, and not visibly distinguishable from the rest of the barrier layer prior to use.

[0623] In some embodiments, the reservoir is self- forming and is distinguishable from the barrier layer by the absence of adhesive on the inner surface of the barrier layer.

[0624] In some embodiments, the reservoir has absorbable materials such as super absorbable polymer with a thin polyethylene covering mated to the inner surface of the barrier layer covering a portion of the inner surface of the reservoir.

[0625] In some embodiments, the surface that comprises the reservoir may be a doubly curved surface.2.3.1.3 REINFORCEMENT RIB

[0626] In some embodiments, the reservoir has a reinforcement rib that aides in semen retention by creating a neck in the reservoir for the user to pinch upon removal, and mitigates creep delamination of the adhesive after ejaculation by constraining the expansion of the reservoir where it meets the adhesive layer, therefore keeping the angle small and thus reducing peel-up effects causing undesirable delamination of the adhesive that may lead to partial or complete failure of semen retention. The reinforcement rib comprises a thin rib of a suitable material that has a stiffening effect to the reservoir area. One such suitable material is natural rubber latex, polyisoprene or polyurethane in embodiments where the barrier layer comprises a natural rubber latex, polyisoprene or polyurethane layer, respectively, and in such embodiments, the reinforcement rib is molded into the barrier layer. Another suitable material is a plastic filament, such as a nylon, whereby the filament is adhered to the outer or inner surface of the barrier layer.

[0627] In certain embodiments where the reinforcement rib is a filament, the filament is adhered to the outer surface of the barrier layer and one end is free with sufficient length to be grasped between two fingers, and may have a small knot or loop in the free end to aide in grasping. In an exemplarily embodiment, the free end is between 1 and 2 centimeters long.

[0628] A method of use of a reinforcement rib with a free end is disclosed herein (e.g., a thread or filament coupled to the rib). Following ejaculation, the free end of the reinforcement rib (e.g., filament) may be grasped by the user (e.g., using the fingers orsuitable tool such as tweezers, which may be supplied in the packaging) and either wrapped around the expanded semen-containing reservoir or pulled to constrict the outer edge of the reservoir, helping to entrap the semen within the device as the adhesive portion is peeled away from the skin during removal.

[0629] In some embodiments where a barrier layer or barrier-adhesive composite is formed via a thermoforming process, the reinforcement rib or filament may be positioned to the adhesive or barrier layers prior to the thermoforming step. For example, a manufacturing process using thermoforming of the barrier layer 1001 over a rigid form, with a reinforcement ring 1004 and an annular adhesive layer 1002 placed on the surface of the thermoformable barrier layer. Heat is first added to the composite layer as illustrated by the arrows labeled with Q-dot. Air flow from the vacuum is depicted on the bottom part of the sketch to draw the heated materials over the form.

[0630] In other embodiments it is positioned and affixed / secured following the thermoforming step if a thermoforming step is used.

[0631] FIGURE 34A: Condom comprised of a barrier layer 1001 and a developable adhesive layer 1002 which can be split along an (approximately) vertical seam (as depicted) and unrolled into a planar sheet without local stretching or compression (without distortion). A reservoir 1003 is formed between the barrier layer and the glans, where in this embodiment, no adhesive layer is present. The reservoir region is not required to be developable. The condom is affixed entirely to the glans 1101 of the penis in this embodiment, leaving the entirety of the shaft 1100 exposed. A reinforcement rib 1004 is affixed to the barrier layer a distance of 1010 from the upper edge of the adhesive layer, as depicted in this figure. In some embodiments the distance 1010 is between 0 and 10 mm, or in some embodiments between 0 and 4 mm.

[0632] FIGURE 34B: Condom showing ejaculate (volume 101 1) expressed through the urethra meatus (opening) 1102 contained within the reservoir 1003. Fluid flow lines are for illustrative purposes only. The reservoir 1003 expands to contain the ejaculate volume 1011, with the reinforcement rib 1004 constraining the barrier layer so as to mitigate the peel up force and peel up angle imparted onto the adhesive layer 1002 on the inner edge of the adhesive layer (upper edge of the adhesive layer as depicted here).2.3.1.4 ADHESIVE LAYER

[0633] The adhesive layer comprises an adhesive comprising a stimuli-responsive polymer and optionally, one or more additional polymers, crosslinkers and / or additives that adheres substantially to the glans surface of the user and delaminates from the user upon application of a stimulus to the ESC. The adhesive layer may be constructed from one or more laminae of adhesive. In some embodiments, the adhesive is preferably a shear-rate responsive adhesive where the stimulus is mechanical action or a force-responsive polymer where the stimulus is a mechanical action.

[0634] The total adhesive layer thickness is between 10 and 1500 microns, or in some embodiments between 25 and 750 microns, or in some embodiments between 50 and 500 microns, more specifically between 50 and 400 microns. In some embodiments the adhesive layer is comprised of a composite of thinner adhesive laminae. For example, an adhesive layer having a total thickness of 200 microns may be comprised of two 100-micron thick laminae, or by a 50-micron thick lamina and a 150-micron thick lamina. In some embodiments, the peripheral boundaries of laminae are offset so as to provide a stair-step tapering effect of the adhesive thickness at the peripheral edge of the adhesive layer, so that the peripheral edge of the device transitions more gradually to the user’s skin so as to minimize the peeling effects imparted on the edge of the device during intercourse.

[0635] In some embodiments where the adhesive layer is a composite of thinner laminates, seems between adjacent pieces of adhesive of the same stratum of the composite may be coincident or offset. For example, if a rectangular adhesive strip is joined together at the edge to form an open cylindrical surface, and a second adhesive strip is laminated on top to increase the wall thickness of the resulting cylindrical surface, the seams between the two ends of a single rectangular strip may be aligned between the inner and outer layer, or they may be offset in some manner.

[0636] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is patterned. In certain embodiments, a second adhesive is used at the peripheral edge of the adhesive layer (the free edge of the device). The width of this adhesive may be less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 2%, less than 1%, less than 0.1% of the primary adhesive layer width. In some embodiments, a secondary adhesive is used at the inner edge of the adhesive layer (the edge adjoining the reservoir). The thickness of thesecondary adhesive region may be the same as the primary adhesive or may be between 10% and 500% of the thickness of the primary adhesive. For example, see Fig. 2 illustrating a primary adhesive 0202 and secondary adhesive 0203 at both the peripheral and interior edge of the primary adhesive.2.3.1.4.1 DEVELOPABLE GEOMETRY

[0637] The adhesive layer comprises a ring-shaped contact area over which the adhesive secures the ESC to the glans and functions as a seal to contain ejaculate fluids. In one embodiment, the contact area is a three-dimensional ring prior to application the glans. The portion of the barrier layer that mates to the adhesive layer has the complementary geometry so that there are no wrinkles, voids, folds or gaps present in the adhesive layer or the barrier layer.

[0638] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer geometry is a developable surface which satisfy the generalized cone equation: X(u, v) = P + v Y(ti) where capital symbols denote vectors in 3D space, P is a fixed point, and lowercase (u,v) are scalar parameters, in an embodiment the surfaces may be cones that have a left-right symmetry plane passing through P. In various embodiments, adhesives may be fabricated in planar forms by roll-to-roll or sheet coating processes known in the art. Adhesive materials are frequently coated on or covered with a release liner to aide in manipulation of the adhesive during subsequent manufacturing processes. Common release liners are paper or plastic films with silicone or fluoropolymer surface treatments. Such exemplary release liners are not distortable — they can bend, roll and fold but cannot be stretched or compressed into a doubly-curved surface. The family of developable shapes are those that can be formed by rolling and bending initially planar surfaces into three-dimensional geometries.

[0639] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional adhesive ring is a developable surface that is a section of a circular cone. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the three- dimensional adhesive ring is a developable surface that is a section of a circular cone, with an adhesive width of between 0.1 and 25 mm, or in some embodiments between 5 and 20 mm, or in some embodiments between 10 and 15 m, and a peripheral diameter between 2 and 6 cm, or in some embodiments between 3 and 5 cm, or in some embodiments between 4 and 5 cm.

[0640] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional adhesive ring is a developable surface that is a section of an elliptical cone. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the three- dimensional adhesive ring is a developable surface that is a section of an elliptical cone, with an adhesive width of between 0. 1 and 25 mm, or in some embodiments between 5 and 20 mm, or in some embodiments between 10 and 15 mm. The major axis of the peripheral edge is between 2 and 6 cm, or in some embodiments between 3 and 5 cm, or in some embodiments between 4 and 5 cm. The minor axis of the peripheral edge is between 2 and 6 cm, or in some embodiments between 2 and 5 ...

Claims

What Is Claimed Is:

1. A system (Fig. 73) comprising: a fractional condom comprising a barrier layer and an adhesive layer; and a ring; wherein: the barrier layer is coupled to the ring; and the adhesive layer adheres to at least a portion of the barrier layer.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the condom further comprises a membrane that couples the barrier layer to the ring (Fig. 73).

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the barrier layer is directly coupled to the ring.

4. The system of claims 1-3 wherein: the adhesive layer adheres to the barrier layer at a location; the adhesive layer and barrier layer collectively have a thickness of between about 5 and about 1000 microns at the location.

5. The system of claims 1-4, wherein the system has no release liner coupled to the condom.

6. The system of claims 1-5 comprising a package (Fig. 83A), wherein: the condom is sealed inside the package; the package comprises a first layer sealing a first opening of the package.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the package comprises a first flange coupled to the first layer (Fig. 83A).

8. The system of claim 7, wherein: a first axis extends from a proximal end of the condom through a distal end of the condom;the first flange is between an outer wall of the package and the first axis.

9. The system of claims 6-8, wherein the package comprises a second layer sealing a second opening of the package (Fig. 83A).

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the package comprises a second flange coupled to the second layer (Fig. 83 A).

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the outer wall of the package is between the second flange and the first axis.

12. The system of claims 6-11, wherein the condom is fixedly coupled to the package.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the ring is fixedly coupled to the package.

14. The system of claims 6-13, wherein the condom is fixedly connected to the package via at least one of an interference fit, an adhesive joint, a radiofrequency weld, an ultrasonic weld, or combinations thereof.

15. The system of claims 6-14 wherein the ring forms and outer exterior sidewall of the package.

16. The system of claims 6-15, wherein: the package comprises a distal compartment and a proximal compartment; the condom seals off the distal compartment from the proximal compartment; and the distal compartment comprises a lubricant.

17. The system of claims 6-16, wherein: a second axis intersects the adhesive layer at first and second locations; the barrier layer is not between the first and second locations (Fig. 83A).

18. The system of claim 17, wherein:the second axis traverses a void that is between the first and second locations; the void directly interfaces the adhesive layer; and no additional layer is between the adhesive layer and the void.

19. The system of claim 18 comprising an anti-tack surface on at least a portion of the barrier layer.

20. The system of claims 6-19, wherein: the ring comprises an inner surface that opposes an outer surface; no portion of the inner surface contacts any other portion the inner surface.

21. The system of claims 6-20, wherein the ring has an ovular profile.

22. The system of claims 1-21 comprising perforations in the barrier layer, wherein the perforations are between the adhesive layer and the ring (Fig. 75).

23. The system of claims 1-22, wherein the condom includes perforations between a portion of the barrier layer and the ring.

24. The system of claims 1-21, wherein: the condom comprises a thinned area between a portion of the barrier layer and the ring; the thinned area is configured to fail and separate the portion of the barrier layer from the ring.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein the thinned area is at the periphery of the adhesive layer between the adhesive layer and portion of the barrier ring.

26. The system of claims 1-25 wherein the barrier layer has a barrier layer outer surface that is an axisymmetric surface of revolution.

27. The system of claims 1-26 wherein the barrier layer outer surface is a generatrix polycurve.

28. The system of claims 26-27 wherein a portion of the barrier layer outer surface is cambered.

29. The system of claims 26-28 wherein the adhesive layer has an adhesive layer inner surface and a portion of the adhesive layer inner surface is cambered.

30. The system of claims 1-29, wherein: the barrier layer comprises an ejaculate reservoir at a distal end of the condom; the ejaculate reservoir joins a proximal portion of the barrier layer via a neck region; the neck region is narrower than a maximum diameter of the ejaculate reservoir.

31. The system of claim 30, wherein: the adhesive layer comprises distal edge that forms a ring; a maximum diameter of the distal edge is greater than a maximum diameter of the ejaculate reservoir.

32. The system of claims 30-31, wherein the neck region has a barrier layer wall thickness greater than a barrier layer wall thickness of a distal region of the ejaculate reservoir.

33. The system of claim 1, wherein: the barrier layer comprises an ejaculate reservoir at a distal end of the condom; the condom comprises a first axis that extends from a proximal end of the condom through a distal end of the condom and through the ejaculate reservoir; a second axis intersects a proximal edge of the adhesive layer and is orthogonal to the first axis; the adhesive layer comprises a first linear cross-section edge that tapers inwardly at a first taper angle as it extends from the proximal edge of the adhesive layer to a distal edge of the adhesive layer;the first taper angle is measured between the second axis and the first linear cross- sectional edge and is less than about 70 degrees.

34. The system of claim 3 comprising an additional layer that couples to at least a portion of the barrier layer to the ring, wherein: a third axis intersects a proximal-most portion of the additional layer and is orthogonal to the first axis; the additional layer comprises a second linear cross-section edge that tapers inwardly at a second taper angle as it extends from the proximal-most portion of the additional layer to a distal edge of the additional layer; the second taper angle is measured between the second additional axis and the second linear cross-sectional edge and is less than the first taper angle.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein the additional layer differs in thickness from the barrier layer by between 20% and 1000% of the thickness of the barrier layer.

36. The system of claim 34, wherein the second taper angle is between about 0 and about 45 degrees.

37. The system of claims 1-36, wherein the adhesive layer is unwrinkled.

38. The system of claim 37, wherein at least a portion of the barrier layer is in tension.

39. The system of claim 37, wherein at least a portion of the barrier layer is stretched.

40. The system of claims 1-39, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a developable surface.

41. The system of claim 40 comprising an additional adhesive layer, and a sidewall, wherein: distal portion of the sidewall comprises the barrier layer but neither of the adhesive layer or the additional adhesive layer, anda proximal portion of the sidewall comprises the barrier layer and both of the adhesive layer and additional adhesive layers with the adhesive layer located between the barrier layer and the additional adhesive layer.

42. The system of claim 41 wherein one of the adhesive layer or the additional adhesive layer comprises a developable surface.

43. The system of claim 42, wherein another of the adhesive layer or the additional adhesive layers has another developable surface.

44. The system of claims 42-43, wherein the barrier layer has no developable surface.

45. The system of claims 41-44, wherein the adhesive layer directly contacts both the barrier layer and the additional adhesive layer.

46. The system of claims 41-45, wherein: a first plane intersects the barrier layer but neither of the adhesive layer or additional adhesive layer; a second plane, parallel to the first plane, intersects the barrier layer and both the adhesive layer and additional adhesive layer.

47. The system of claims 41-46, wherein: the adhesive layer comprises opposing ends that approach one another at a first seam; the additional adhesive layer comprises opposing ends that approach one another at a second seam; a third plane, orthogonal to the first plane, intersects the first seam but not the second seam; a fourth plane, orthogonal to the first plane, intersects the second seam but not the first seam.

48. The system of claim 47, wherein:the opposing ends of the adhesive layer do not overlap one another in the third plane; the opposing ends of the additional adhesive layer do not overlap one another in the fourth plane.

49. The system of claims 41-48, wherein the developable surface is smooth without wrinkles or folds.

50. The system of claims 47-48, wherein: the opposing ends of the adhesive layer overlap one another by between about 0.1 mm and about 25 mm, or between about 1 mm and about 15 mm; the opposing ends of the additional adhesive layer overlap one another by between about 0.1 mm and about 25 mm, or between about 1 mm and about 15 mm.

52. The system of claims 40-50 comprising a package that fully encloses the condom, wherein: the barrier layer in the distal portion of the sidewall is folded; the barrier layer in the proximal portion of the sidewall is unfolded.

53. The system of claims 40-52 comprising an additional layer, wherein: the additional layer is coupled to the additional adhesive layer; and the additional adhesive layer is between the additional layer and the adhesive layer.

54. The system of claim 53, wherein the additional layer comprises a developable surface.

55. The system of claims 53-54, wherein the additional layer is a release liner.

56. The system of claim 55, wherein the release liner comprises a substrate releasably coupled to the additional adhesive layer.

57. The system of claims 55-56, wherein the release liner is smooth and comprises no wrinkles or folds.

58. The system of claims 55-57, wherein: the release liner comprises a first surface area; the additional adhesive layer comprises a second surface area that is less than the first surface area.

59. The system of claims 41-58, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a first consistent thickness across its entirety and the additional adhesive layer comprises a second consistent thickness across its entirety.

60. The system of claim 55-59, wherein the package further comprises a surface fixedly coupled to the release liner.

61. The system of claim 55-59, wherein the release liner forms a wall of the package.

62. The system of claims 41-61, wherein the adhesive layer has a first surface area and the additional adhesive layer has a second surface area that is unequal to the first surface area.

63. The system of claims 1-62 wherein: a distal half of the barrier layer has a maximum thickness; a proximal half of the barrier layer has maximum thickness that is thicker than the maximum thickness of the distal half; the proximal half of the barrier layer is between the ring and the distal half of the barrier layer.

64. The system of claims 1-63, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a stimuli-responsive polymer.

65. The system of claim 65, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer becomes less adhesive or delaminates from a glans of a user’s penis in response to a stimulus, wherein the time frame from the stimulus to the reduction in adhesion or delamination if from about 0. 1 s to 60 s.

66. The system of claims 64-65, wherein the stimulus is selected from a temperature change, a physico-chemical change, light, ultrasound, an ionic strength change, a pH change, magnetism, or a mechanical action, or mechanical force, or a combination thereof.

67. The system of claims 65-66, wherein the stimulus is shear rate.

68. The system of claim 67, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer has a lower peel strength at lower peel rates and a higher peel strength at higher peel rates.

69. The system of claim 68, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer has a lower peel strength at a peel rate of about 100 mm / min than at about 200 mm / min.

70. The system of claims 64-69, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer is a crosslinked polymer.71 . The system of claim 70, wherein the crosslinked polymer is characterized by a heterogeneous crosslink density.

72. The system of claims 70-71, wherein the crosslinked polymer comprises one or more C6 to C30 side chains or one or more C6 to C30 dangling chain ends.

73. The system of claim 72, wherein the C6 to C30 side chains or C6 to C30 dangling chain ends are C6 to C30 alkyl side chains or C12 to C18 alkyl side chains.

74. The system of claims 72-78, wherein the crosslinked polymer is characterized by a semi-interpenetrating network or an interpenetrating network.

75. The system of claims 64-74, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises monomers selected from acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcoholmonomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels-Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or a combination thereof.

76. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises acrylate monomers.

77. The system of claim 76, wherein the acrylate monomers are C6-C30 alkyl acrylate monomers, C8-C20 alkyl acrylate monomers, C8-C20 alkyl acrylate monomers, or C8-C16 alkyl acrylate monomers.

78. The system of claim 77, wherein the C8-C30 alkyl acrylate monomers are selected from octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, pentadecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, heptadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, nonadecyl acrylate, eicosyl acrylate, heneicosyl acrylate, docosyl acrylate, tricosyl acrylate, tetracosyl acrylate, pentacosyl acrylate, hexacosyl acrylate, heptacosyl acrylate, octacosyl acrylate, nonacosyl acrylate, triacontyl acrylate, or combinations thereof.

79. The system of claim 78, wherein the acrylate monomers are selected from methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, Butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, Methoxyethyl acrylate, Hydroxyethyl acrylate, Hydroxypropyl acrylate, Ethoxylated (2) hydroxyethyl acrylate, Glycidyl acrylate, Methacrylic acid, Methyl methacrylate, Ethyl methacrylate, Butyl methacrylate, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Cyclohexyl methacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, Triethylene glycol diacrylate, Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, Neopentyl glycol diacrylate, Diethylene glycol diacrylate, Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, Propoxylated glycerol triacrylate, Stearyl acrylate, Lauryl acrylate, Isodecyl acrylate, Acrylic acid, Ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA), Triethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA), Propylene glycol diacrylate (PGDA), Butanediol diacrylate (BDDA), Neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA), Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA), 1 ,4-Butanediol diacrylate (BDA), Di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate (DTMPTA), Bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (BPAEDA), Ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate (EBPA), Decanediol diacrylate, Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), Trimethylolpropanetriacrylate (TMPTA), Diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA), and 1 ,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), Tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), Dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPEPA), Tris(2 -hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate (THEIC-TA), Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), Triethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA), Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETMPTA), Triallyl cyanurate (TAC), or combinations thereof.

80. The system of any one of claims 76-79, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises at least about 10 wt% acrylate monomers, at least about 50 wt%, at least about 65 wt%, at least about 95 wt%, at least about 96 wt%, at least about 97 wt%, at least about 98 wt%, or at least about 99 wt%.

81. The system of claim 80, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises methacrylate monomers.

82. The system of claim 81 , wherein the methacrylate monomers are C6-C30 alkyl methacrylate monomers, C8-C30 alkyl methacrylate monomers, C8-C20 alkyl methacrylate monomers, or C8-C16 alkyl methacrylate monomers.

83. The system of claim 82, wherein the C8-C30 alkyl methacrylate monomers are selected from octyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, undecyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, tetradecyl methacrylate, pentadecyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate, heptadecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, nonadecyl methacrylate, eicosyl methacrylate, heneicosyl methacrylate, docosyl methacrylate, tricosyl methacrylate, tetracosyl methacrylate, pentacosyl methacrylate, hexacosyl methacrylate, heptacosyl methacrylate, octacosyl methacrylate, nonacosyl methacrylate, triacontyl methacrylate, or combinations thereof.

84. The system of claim 83, wherein the methacrylate monomers are selected from Ethyl methacrylate, Butyl methacrylate, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Cyclohexyl methacrylate, Isobornyl methacrylate, Stearyl methacrylate, Lauryl methacrylate, Isodecyl methacrylate,Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, Glyceryl methacrylate, Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, Pentaerythritol triacrylate, Pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether acrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate, Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, Ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, Hydroxypropyl methacrylate, Methacrylic acid, Acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, Diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, Butylaminoethyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, Methacryloyloxyethyl phthalate, Cyclopropyl methacrylate, or combinations thereof.

85. The system of claims 81-84, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises poly (lauryl methacrylate).

86. The system of claims 82-85, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises poly (lauryl methacrylate) and one or more other poly methacrylates.

87. The system of claims 82-85, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer adhesive comprises poly (lauryl methacrylate) and one or more poly acrylates.

88. The system of claims 52-87, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises at least about 10 wt%, at least about 50 wt%, at least about 65 wt%, at least about 95 wt%, at least about 96 wt%, at least about 97 wt%, at least about 98 wt%, or at least about 99 wt% methacrylate monomers.

89. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises vinyl ether monomers selected from divinyl ether of ethylene glycol, divinyl ether of diethylene glycol, divinyl ether of triethylene glycol, divinyl ether of polyethylene glycol (DVE-PEG), divinyl ether of polypropylene glycol (DVE-PPG), Divinyl ether of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (DVE-PEGME), divinyl ether of poly(ethylene glycol) butyl ether (DVE), Divinyl ether of poly (ethylene glycol) phenyl ether (DVE-PEGPhE), Divinyl ether ofglycerol (DVE-Gly), Divinyl ether of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (DVE-CHDM), Divinyl ether of neopentyl glycol (DVE-NPG), or combinations thereof.

90. The system of claim 89, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels- Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof91. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises allyl monomers selected from Diallyl phthalate (DAP), Diallyl maleate (DAM), Diallyl succinate (DAS), Diallyl fumarate (DAF), Diallyl adipate (DAA), Diallyl sebacate (DAS), Diallyl terephthalate (DAT), Diallyl isophthalate (DAI), Diallyl itaconate (DAI), Diallyl carbonate (DAC), Diallyl diglycolate (DADG), Diallyl tris(2- hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (DATHEIC), Triallyl cyanurate (TAC), Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), Triallyl trimellitate (TATM), Triallyl citrate (TAC), Triallyl phosphate (TAP), Triallylamine (TAA), Triallyl cyanide (TACN), Triallyl benzene- 1,2, 4-tricarboxylate (TABTC), Triallyl trimesate (TATM), Tris(2- hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triallyl ether (THEIC-TAE), or combinations thereof.

92. The system of claim 91, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels- Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

93. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises thiol monomers selected from 3 -Mercaptopropionic acid; Thioglycolic acid; 3-Mercapto-l- propanol; 2- Mercaptoethanol; 2-(2-Mercaptoethoxy)ethanol; 2-(2- Mercaptopropionylamino)ethanol; 2-(2- Mercaptosuccinyl)ethyl acrylate; 3-(2- Mercaptopropionylamino)propionic acid; 3- (Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane; 2,2'-(Ethylenebis(thio))diethanol; 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; 3- Mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane; 3-(2,2-Dithiobis(ethylthio)propionylamino)propionic acid; 3,6,9- Trioxadecanethiol; 3-Mercapto-l,2-propanediol; 2,2'-Dithiodiethanol; N-Acetyl- L-cysteine; L-Cysteine; 2-(2- Mercaptoethyl)pyridine; 4-(2-Mercaptoethyl)morpholine; 3- Mercapto-l,2,4-triazole; Thiophenol; Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP); Trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPMP); Triethanolamine tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TEAMP); Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate tris(3- mercaptopropionate) (THEICMP); Bis(3-mercaptopropyl) sulfide (BMPS); 1,2-ethanedi thiol (EDT); 1,3- propanedithiol; 1,4-butanedithiol; 1,6-hexanedithiol; 1,8-octanedi thiol or combinations thereof.

94. The system of claim 93, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels- Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

95. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises epoxy monomers selected from Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), Bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), Novolac diglycidyl ether (NGDE), Phenol novolac diglycidyl ether (PNGDE), Cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, Glycidyl ethers of aliphatic alcohols, Glycidyl ethers of aromatic alcohols, Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), Diglycidyl ether of 1 ,4-butanediol (BDDGE), Diglycidyl ether of neopentyl glycol (NPGDGE), Diglycidyl ether of propylene glycol (PGDGE), Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), Epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), Dicyclopentadiene- based epoxy resins, Tetrafunctional epoxy resins, Epoxy phenolic novolac resins, or combinations thereof.

96. The system of claim 95, further comprising acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers,alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels-Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

97. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises amine monomers selected from Ethylenediamine; Diethylenetriamine; Triethylenetetramine; Tetraethylenepentamine; Polyethyleneimine; Diaminopropane; Diaminobutane;Diaminopentane; Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTP A); Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine; N- (2-Aminoethyl)piperazine; N-(3- Aminopropyl)morpholine; N,N- Dimethylaminopropylamine; N,N-Dimethylethylenediamine; 1,3- Diaminopropane;Isophoronediamine; Jeffamine D-230; Jeffamine T-403; Jeffamine M-207; Jeffamine EDR- 148; or combinations thereof.

98. The system of claim 97, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels-Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

99. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises electron rich monomers selected from Vinyl ethers (e.g. vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether), Vinyl acetate, Allyl alcohol, Allyl amine, N-Methylolacrylamide, N-Methylolmethacrylamide, N- Methylolallylamine, N- Methylolvinylacetamide, Acrolein diethyl acetal, Acrolein diethyl ketal, Diacetone acrylamide, 2- Hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2- Hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl methacrylate, Glycidyl methacrylate, Glycidyl acrylate, Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, and N- Vinylpyrrolidone, n-vinylformamide, n- vinyl pyridine, styrene, styrene derivatives, or combinations thereof.

100. The system of claim 99, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers,lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels-Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

101. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises electron poor monomers selected from Acrylonitrile, Methacrylonitrile, Methyl methacrylate, Acrylic acid, Methacrylic acid, Maleic anhydride, Itaconic acid, Fumaric acid, Acrylamide, Methacrylamide, N- Vinylcarbazole, Vinylidene chloride, Vinyl chloride, Vinyl sulfonic acid, Vinyl acetate, Styrene, Alpha-methylstyrene, Maleimide, N-Phenylmaleimide, and N- Butylmaleimide, maleic anhydride, or combinations thereof.

102. The system of claim 101, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels-Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

103. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises lactam monomers selected from Caprolactam, Valerolactam, Enantholactam, Capryllactam, Laurinlactam, Prolactam, Butyrolactam, Methionyl lactam, Methoxyethyl lactam, Methoxyethyl methionyl lactam, Dimethylaminoethyl lactam, Dimethylaminoethyl methionyl lactam, Dimethylaminoethyl acryloyl lactam, Dimethylaminoethyl methacryloyl lactam, N- vinylpyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, N- ethylpyrrolidone, or combinations thereof.

104. The system of claim 103, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels-Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

105. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises lactone monomers selected from P-propiolactone, y-butyrolactone, 8-valerolactone, e-caprolactone, co- pentadecalactone, P-butyrolactone, 8-decalactone, 8 -decalactone, y-decalactone, 8-dodecalactone, y-dodecalactone, a-methylene- y-butyrolactone, P-methyl-y-butyrolactone, P- methyl-y-valerolactone, y-hexalactone, or combinations thereof.

106. The system of claim 105, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels- Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

107. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises alcohol monomers selected from Ethylene glycol; Propylene glycol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,4-Butanediol; 1,5- Pentanediol; 1,6-Hexanediol; 1,10-Decanediol; Neopentyl glycol; Diethylene glycol; Triethylene glycol; Tetraethylene glycol; Polyethylene glycol (PEG); Polypropylene glycol (PPG); Polycaprolactone diol; Polymethylolpropane; Hydroxypivalyl hydroxymethylbutyrate (HPHMB); 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol; or combinations thereof.

108. The system of claim 107, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels- Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

109. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises carboxylic acid monomers selected from Adipic acid, Succinic acid, Glutaric acid, Sebacic acid, Malonic acid, Phthalic acid, Isophthalic acid, Terephthalic acid, Fumaric acid, Maleic acid, Itaconic acid, Citric acid, 1,4- Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, Dodecanedioic acid, or combinations thereof.

110. The system of claim 109, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiolmonomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels-Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

111. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises isocyanate monomers selected from Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), 4,4'-Methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI), Naphthalene diisocyanate (ND I), 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 2,6-Toluene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), Polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI), Desmodur N-100, Desmodur L-75, Desmodur HL, Desmodur H, Desmodur VP, Desmodur Z, or combinations thereof.

112. The system of claim 111, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, Diels-Alder monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

113. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises Diels- Alder monomers selected from Maleic anhydride, Furan, Cyclopentadiene, N- phenylmaleimide, Anthracene, N-ethylmaleimide, N-phenylnorbornene, N,N-dimethyl maleimide, 2,5 -dimethylfuran, Tetracyanoethylene, Methyl vinyl ketone, or combinations thereof.

114. The system of claim 113, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, ring opening metathesis monomers, or combinations thereof.

115. The system of claim 75, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises ring opening metathesis monomers selected from Norbornene, Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), Cyclooctene, Tetracyclododecene (TCD), Cyclopentene, Cycloheptene, Cyclohexene, Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene, Tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-ene (TCD- Diene), or combinations thereof.

116. The system of claim 115, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl ether monomer, allyl monomers, thiol monomers, epoxy monomers, amine monomers, electron rich monomers, electron poor monomers, lactam monomers, lactone monomers, alcohol monomers, carboxylic acid monomers, isocyanate monomers, Diels-Alder monomers, or combinations thereof.

117. The system of claims 64-116, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer further comprises a polyfunctional crosslinker.

118. The system of claim 117, wherein the polyfunctional crosslinker is selected from a difunctional crosslinker, a trifunctional crosslinker, a tetrafunctional crosslinker, or combinations thereof.

119. The system of claim 117 or 118, wherein the polyfunctional crosslinker is a trifunctional crosslinker.

120. The system of claim 119, wherein the trifunctional crosslinker is an acrylate crosslinker.

121. The system of claim 118, wherein the polyfunctional crosslinker is selected from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate; ethoxylated trimethyolpropane triacrylate; pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; dipentaerithrotol hexaacrylate; ethoxylated dipentaerithrotol hexaacrylate; di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa- epoxides; polythiols; polyalkenes; tris(2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanulate, s-caprolactone modified tris(2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate, ethoxylatedglycerine triacrylate, ethoxylated glycerine triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, or combinations thereof.

122. The system of claims 64-121, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises from about 0.1 wt% to about 1.5 wt% polyfunctional crosslinker, from about 0.2 wt% to about 1 wt%, or from about 0.4 wt% to about 0.8 wt%.

123. The system of claims 117-122, wherein the weight ratio of the one or more monomers to the one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers is from about 98:2 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 98.5:1.5 to about 99.9: 0.1; from about 99:1 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.1:0.9 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.2: 0.8 to about 99.9:0.1; from about 99.3:0.7 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.4:0.6 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.5:0.5 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.6:0.4 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.7:0.3 to about 99.9:0.1, or from about 99.8:0.2 to about 99.9:0.1.

124. The system of claim 64, wherein the stimuli-responsive polymer comprises a poly(lauryl methacrylate) polymer crosslinked with one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers.

125. The system of claim 124, wherein the polyfunctional crosslinker is selected from a difunctional crosslinker, a trifunctional crosslinker, a tetrafunctional crosslinker, or combinations thereof.

126. The system of claim 124 or 125, wherein the polyfunctional crosslinker is a trifunctional crosslinker.

127. The system of claim 126, wherein the trifunctional crosslinker is an acrylate crosslinker.

128. The system of claim 124, wherein the polyfunctional crosslinker is selected from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate; ethoxylated trimethyolpropane triacrylate; pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; dipentaerithrotol hexaacrylate; ethoxylated dipentaerithrotol hexaacrylate; di-,tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa- epoxides; polythiols; polyalkenes; tris(2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanulate, 8-caprolactone modified tris(2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate, ethoxylated glycerine triacrylate, ethoxylated glycerine triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, or combinations thereof.

129. The system of claims 124-128, wherein the weight ratio of the lauryl methacrylate to the one or more polyfunctional crosslinkers is from about 98:2 to about 99.9:0.1, e.g., from about 98.5: 1.5 to about 99.9: 0.1; from about 99:1 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.1:0.9 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.2: 0.8 to about 99.9:0.1; from about 99.3:0.7 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.4:0.6 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.5:0.5 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.6:0.4 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 99.7:0.3 to about 99.9:0.1, or from about 99.8:0.2 to about 99.9:0.1.

130. The system of claims 1-129, wherein the adhesive layer further comprises an additive selected from tackifiers, plasticizers, pigments, fillers, fluorescents, flow agents, wetting agents, surfactants, anti-foaming agents, rheology modifiers, colorants, permeation enhancers, stabilizers, antioxidants, or combinations thereof.

131. The system of claim 2, wherein the membrane has a maximum thickness that is thicker than a maximum thickness of the barrier layer.

Images