Method, apparatus, and system for initial access
By providing system information that includes neighbor cell details, the initial access process is optimized, reducing search time and power consumption through targeted scanning of relevant frequency bands and carrier components.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110881
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-05-22
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-27
AI Technical Summary
The initial access process in wireless networks is inefficient, requiring lengthy scanning of frequency bands and carrier components, leading to high power consumption and prolonged search times for user equipment upon power-on.
The method involves receiving and transmitting system information that includes indications of neighbor cell carrier components, such as cell identity, location, and beam information, to facilitate more targeted and efficient cell search and selection during initial network entry.
This approach speeds up the cell search and selection process, reducing power consumption and search time by enabling more focused scanning of relevant frequency bands and carrier components.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024110881_27112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR INITIAL ACCESS
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims the benefit of U. S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 650, 651 filed on May 22, 2024, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications. Particularly, it relates to a method, apparatus, and system for initial access.BACKGROUND
[0004] In a wireless network, upon user equipment (UE) is power-on, it may start to search for a suitable cell to camp on and perform initial access. In details, the UE upon power-on performs cell search and selection during initial network entry may scan a list of frequency bands and carrier components (CCs) sequentially. If a synchronization signal block (SSB) in a CC in the list is not detected, the UE may proceed to next CC. If an SSB in a CC in the list is detected, the UE may proceed to detect system information block type 1 (SIB1) and make a decision whether to camp on the cell, based on the channel measurement of CC and cell-selection criteria indicated in SIB1. This process may continue until one or more cells with satisfied criteria (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) of SSB being above a threshold) are found (where, e.g., a cell with the strongest (e.g., RSRP) channel condition can be selected) .SUMMARY
[0005] One or more implementations of the present application provide communication methods and communication apparatuses. The techniques described in the application can improve the performance of initial access.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving first system information, where the first system information includes an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.
[0007] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the first system information is carried in a system information block type 1 (SIB 1) message.
[0008] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the first system information is received from a network device of a cell, and the first system information includes cell selection information of the cell.
[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the first system information is received from a network device of a cell, and the first system information includes cell identity (ID) information of the cell.
[0010] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the first system information includes cell ID information of the at least one neighbor cell.
[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the first system information includes at least one of location information of the at least one neighbor cell, one or more cell selection parameters of the at least one neighbor cell, scheduling information for additional system information of the at least one neighbor cell, access control information of the at least one neighbor cell, random access channel (RACH) configuration of the at least one neighbor cell, one or more packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) parameters of the at least one neighbor cell, mobility information of the at least one neighbor cell, or security information of the at least one neighbor cell, frequency band information of the at least one neighbor cell.
[0012] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the first system information is received from a network device of a cell, and where the method includes receiving a beam indication indicating information of a beam of the cell.
[0013] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the beam indication is included in the first system information or a master information block (MIB) message.
[0014] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the beam indication includes an index of the beam.
[0015] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the beam indication indicates whether the beam is a side beam or a middle beam.
[0016] According to a second aspect, a method is provided. The method includes transmitting first system information, where the first system information includes an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.
[0017] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the first system information carried in a system information block type 1 (SIB 1) message.
[0018] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the first system information is transmitted by a network device of a cell, and the first system information includes cell selection information of the cell.
[0019] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the first system information is transmitted by a network device of a cell, and the first system information includes cell identity (ID) information of the cell.
[0020] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the first system information includes cell ID information of the at least one neighbor cell.
[0021] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the first system information includes at least one of location information of the at least one neighbor cell, one or more cell selection parameters of the at least one neighbor cell, scheduling information for additional system information of the at least one neighbor cell, access control information of the at least one neighbor cell, random access channel (RACH) configuration of the at least one neighbor cell, one or more packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) parameters of the at least one neighbor cell, mobility information of the at least one neighbor cell, or security information of the at least one neighbor cell, frequency band information of the at least one neighbor cell.
[0022] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the first system information is transmitted by a network device of a cell, and where the method includes transmitting a beam indication indicating information of a beam of the cell.
[0023] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the beam indication is included in the first system information or a master information block (MIB) message.
[0024] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the beam indication includes an index of the beam.
[0025] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the beam indication indicates whether the beam is a side beam or a middle beam.
[0026] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus is configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0027] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes a receiving unit configured to receive first system information, where the first system information includes an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.
[0028] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes a transmitting unit configured to transmit first system information, where the first system information includes an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.
[0029] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes an interface unit configured to receive first system information, where the first system information includes an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.
[0030] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes an interface circuit configured to transmit first system information, where the first system information includes an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.
[0031] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0032] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes one or more processors coupled with one or more memories. The one or more memories store instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0033] According to a fifth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect. The communication system further includes a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0034] According to a sixth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage has instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example communication system.
[0036] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system.
[0037] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in a communication system.
[0038] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus.
[0039] FIG. 5 illustrates another example apparatus.
[0040] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method for an initial access to new radio (NR) network with cell search and selection.
[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example system for enhanced initial access with CC indication on neighbor cell (s) for cell search and selection.
[0042] FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate flowcharts of example methods for initial access.
[0043] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a base station (BS) communicating with user equipments (UEs) by using a plurality of beams.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] In some cases, the initial access procedure upon UE power-on may require the UE to scan many frequency bands and their CCs during cell search phase in a quite random way. Thus, it may take long search time and with high power consuming. In some examples, methods and schemes on enhanced initial access are described herein, and specifically to speed up cell search and selection upon UE power-on, with more efficient scanning on associated frequency bands and related CCs.
[0045] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 may include a radio access network 120. The radio access network (RAN) 120 may be a next generation radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3th generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) ) radio access network, The RAN 120 may be a network using other radio access technology. In some implementations, future network radio access refers to a next generation air interface of standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) , and more details will be described below. One or more communication electronic device (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. A core network (CN) 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. The communication system 100 may also include a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0046] In general, the communication system 100 enables communication of multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0047] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services, massive machine type communication (mMTC) services, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, massive communication, Hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0048] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network including multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0049] FIG. 2 illustrates another example for communication system 100. As described earlier, the communication system 100 may include ED 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , RAN 120a, 120b, and one or more of a CN 130, a PSTN 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160. In addition, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a, 120b may include respective network nodes 170a, 170b such as base stations 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) . As referred to herein, the terms “TRP” and “base station” may be used interchangeably unless explicitly noted otherwise in a given example or section. For brevity, this disclosure may primarily refer to base station; however, absent an explicit limitation, references to TRP are merely non-limiting instances of interchangeable use. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as base station 172, which may be generically referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0050] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include an airborne platform (e.g. a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (e.g. quadcopter) , and other types aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platform is yet another example of a non-terrestrial base station, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0051] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or a NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and a “NT-TRP” may also refer to a “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered to be a radio access network (RAN) , with operational aspects in common with the RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device, the at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, which communicates with the ED 110 via the non-terrestrial network device. In addition, there may be an NTN gateway in the ground (i.e., referred as a terrestrial network device) also function as a transport layer device to communicate with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located in the same device.
[0052] A base station (also referred to TRP as stated above) 170 may be a network element in radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the user equipment. Base station 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. When a base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the base station.
[0053] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cells. A cell may be a Radio network object that can be uniquely identified from a (cell) identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can be either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may also refer to the carrier frequencies within the DL / UL carrier bandwidth resources of a single standalone carrier or a component carrier in a carrier aggregation mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some implementations, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some implementations, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is exemplary only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0054] Any base station may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or may be included in a same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may also have different names, but a person skilled in the art may understand meanings thereof. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may also be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may also be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may also be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented by using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0055] Further, communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses in various embodiments of this application may refer to direct communication between different devices / apparatuses (that is, no forwarding is required by another device / apparatuses) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, forwarding is required by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, it may refer to that a functional unit inside the device / apparatus uses another functional unit in the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, “sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) ” in this application may be understood as that a destination endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station. It may include sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, “receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) ” may be understood as that a source endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station, and may include directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Necessary processing such as format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. Similar descriptions in this application may be understood similarly. Details are not described herein again. In the present disclosure, the terms “send” and “transmit” may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application.
[0056] The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0057] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. module, modem, or chip) or including the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0058] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of:connection availability and connection necessity.
[0059] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may communicate an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0060] An air interface (e.g., 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as ED and base station. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (e.g., data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology.
[0061] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the ED 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0062] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (e.g., radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) .
[0063] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by CN 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0064] In addition, the communication system 100 may include a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170 a-170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (e.g., any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172) .
[0065] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with apparatus 320 in a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) . The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (e.g. ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g. network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or a NT-TRP 172. Although there is only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or 320 could be one or more. For example, one ED 110 may be served by only one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP 172) , by more than one T-TRP 170 (or more than one NT-TRP 172) . One ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRP 170 and one or more NT-TRP172. Similarly, one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP172) may serve one or more ED 110.
[0066] Apparatus 310 includes at least one processor 210. Only one processor 210 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include at least one memory 208. Only the transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0067] The memory 208 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also stores data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 210.
[0068] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, etc.
[0069] The processor 210 may perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform receiving transport blocks (TBs) , using a resource for decoding of one of the received TBs, releasing the resource for decoding of another of the received TBs, and / or receiving configuration information configuring a resource. In detail, the operation may include those operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320; those operations related to processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320; and those operations related to processing SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (e.g., by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g., beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g., using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0070] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0071] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in the memory 208) .
[0072] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated to in the figure) . The apparatus 320 may further include at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include at least one memory 258. The apparatus 320 may further include scheduler 253. Only the transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0073] In some implementations, the parts of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (thereby also can be viewed as one of more nodes) , and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to nodes on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatus 320s. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, e.g. through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or the use of ORAN system as described above in the application.
[0074] The processor 260 performs operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, e.g., BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g., BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 performs other network side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g., to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer in addition to physical layer processing. The apparatus 320 may further include scheduler 253 coupled to the processor 260 or integrated in the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the apparatus 320a. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (e.g., “configured grant” ) resources.
[0075] The apparatus 320a may further includes a memory 258 storing instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also stores data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320a. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0076] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0077] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in the memory 258.
[0078] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0079] Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (e.g., the TRP 170a-b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (e.g., ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (e.g., between ED 110a and ED110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (e.g., between ED 110a and ED110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (e.g., higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher layer signaling may be radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0080] It should be noted that in present application, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0081] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an apparatus 410. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as ED 110 or TRPs 170a-170b, 172. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may include one or more integrated circuits or include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module in ED 110, or apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module in one of TRPs 170a-170b, 172, or apparatus 320.
[0082] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors / processor cores 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors / processor cores 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors (or processor cores) 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the foregoing method embodiments. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors (or processor cores) 411 to perform related operations in the foregoing method embodiments. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with other apparatus / system such as a radio frequency processing apparatus, or processor system. Optionally, to reduce a load of the processor core, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0083] Apparatus 410 may be processor 210 (or 260) in apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenario, or included in processor 210 (or 260) in apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenario. apparatus 410 may be or include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, a SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0084] FIG. 5 illustrates example of apparatus 510. Apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or embodiments described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 514 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0085] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be implemented as apparatus 310, accordingly, the processing unit 512 is implemented as processor 210, the communication unit 513 is implemented as transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203, and the storage unit 511 is implemented as memory 208.
[0086] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be implemented as apparatus 320, accordingly, the processing unit 512 is implemented as processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) , the communication unit 513 is implemented as transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254, and the storage unit 511 is implemented as memory 258.
[0087] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0088] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in a ED 110, for example, a modem chip, a system on chip SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system that is in the chip and that includes one or more processors or processor cores. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the foregoing chip.
[0089] It may be understood that division into the units in the foregoing apparatus is merely logical function division. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into one physical entity, or may be distributed in different physical entities. In addition, the foregoing functional units may be implemented in a form of hardware, may be implemented in a form of software, or may be implemented in a form of a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is performed in a form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.
[0090] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the foregoing apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the foregoing methods, for example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (central processing units, CPUs) , one or more microprocessors (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate arrays, FPGAs) , or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
[0091] In an example, the storage unit 901 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0092] A processor, a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core may be collectively referred to as a processor. The processor may include one or a combination of a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU) , a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP) , a microprocessor (microprocessor unit, MPU) , a microcontroller (microcontroller unit, MCU) , a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU) , a field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) , an artificial intelligence processor (artificial intelligence processor, AI processor) , or a neural network processing unit (neural network processing unit, NPU) .
[0093] The memory may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (random access memory, RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (phase-change memory, PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache (cache) , a register (register) , a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk (hard disk) , and the like. In an example, the computer program instructions used to execute the foregoing embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of the memory 1060 (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When the terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of the memory 1036 and / or the memory 10312 (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache (cache) , or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0094] An air interface generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (e.g., data) over a wireless communications link. The wireless communications link may support a link between a radio access network and UE (e.g., a “Uu” link) , and / or the wireless communications link may support a link between device and device, such as between two UEs (e.g., a “sidelink” ) , and / or the wireless communications link may support a link between a non-terrestrial (NT) -communication network and UE. The followings are some examples for the above components.
[0095] A waveform component may specify a shape and form of a signal being transmitted. Waveform options may include orthogonal multiple access waveforms and non-orthogonal multiple access waveforms. Non-limiting examples of such waveform options include Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) , Filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) , Time windowing OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) , Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) , Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) , Wavelet Packet Modulation (WPM) , Faster Than Nyquist (FTN) Waveform, and low Peak to Average Power Ratio Waveform (low PAPR WF) .
[0096] A frame structure component may specify a configuration of a frame or group of frames. The frame structure component may indicate one or more of a time, frequency, pilot signature, code, or other parameter of the frame or group of frames. More details of frame structure will be discussed below.
[0097] A multiple access scheme component may specify multiple access technique options, including technologies defining how communicating devices share a common physical channel, such as: Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) . Furthermore, multiple access technique options may include: scheduled access vs. non-scheduled access, also known as grant-free access; non-orthogonal multiple access vs. orthogonal multiple access, e.g., via a dedicated channel resource (e.g., no sharing between multiple communicating devices) ; contention-based shared channel resources vs. non-contention-based shared channel resources, and cognitive radio-based access.
[0098] A hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol component may specify how a transmission and / or a re-transmission is to be made. Non-limiting examples of transmission and / or re-transmission mechanism options include those that specify a scheduled data pipe size, a signaling mechanism for transmission and / or re-transmission, and a re-transmission mechanism.
[0099] A coding and modulation component may specify how information being transmitted may be encoded / decoded and modulated / demodulated for transmission / reception purposes. Coding may refer to methods of error detection and forward error correction. Non-limiting examples of coding options include turbo trellis codes, turbo product codes, fountain codes, low-density parity check codes, and polar codes. Modulation may refer, simply, to the constellation (including, for example, the modulation technique and order) , or more specifically to various types of advanced modulation methods such as hierarchical modulation and low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) modulation.
[0100] In some embodiments, the air interface may be a “one-size-fits-all concept” . For example, the components within the air interface cannot be changed or adapted once the air interface is defined. In some implementations, only limited parameters or modes of an air interface, such as a cyclic prefix (CP) length or a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mode, can be configured. In some embodiments, an air interface design may provide a unified or flexible framework to support below 6GHz and beyond 6GHz frequency (e.g., mmWave) bands for both licensed and unlicensed access. As an example, flexibility of a configurable air interface provided by a scalable numerology and symbol duration may allow for transmission parameter optimization for different spectrum bands and for different services / devices. As another example, a unified air interface may be self-contained in a frequency domain, and a frequency domain self-contained design may support more flexible radio access network (RAN) slicing through channel resource sharing between different services in both frequency and time.
[0101] A device, such as a base station, may provide coverage over a cell. Wireless communication with the device may occur over one or more carrier frequencies. A carrier frequency will be referred to as a carrier. A carrier may alternatively be called a component carrier (CC) . Moreover, the term “carrier component” or “component carrier” may be used interchangeably in this application. A carrier may be characterized by its bandwidth and a reference frequency, e.g., the center or lowest or highest frequency of the carrier. A carrier may be on licensed or unlicensed spectrum. Wireless communication with the device may also or instead occur over one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs) . For example, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. More generally, wireless communication with the device may occur over spectrum. The spectrum may include one or more carriers and / or one or more BWPs.
[0102] A cell may include one or multiple downlink resources and optionally one or multiple uplink resources, or a cell may include one or multiple uplink resources and optionally one or multiple downlink resources, or a cell may include both one or multiple downlink resources and one or multiple uplink resources. As an example, a cell might only include one downlink carrier / BWP, or only include one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs. In some embodiments, a cell may instead or additionally include one or multiple sidelink resources, including sidelink transmitting and receiving resources.
[0103] A BWP is a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on a carrier, or a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on multiple carriers, or a set of non-contiguous or contiguous frequency subcarriers, which may have one or more carriers.
[0104] In some embodiments, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. For example, a carrier may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz and include one BWP, or a carrier may have a bandwidth of 80 MHz and include two adjacent contiguous BWPs, etc. In other embodiments, a BWP may have one or more carriers. For example, a BWP may have a bandwidth of 40 MHz and include two adjacent contiguous carriers, where each carrier has a bandwidth of 20 MHz. In some embodiments, a BWP may include non-contiguous spectrum resources which include non-contiguous multiple carriers, where the first carrier of the non-contiguous multiple carriers may be in mmWave band, the second carrier may be in a low band (such as 2 GHz band) , the third carrier (if it exists) may be in THz band, and the fourth carrier (if it exists) may be in visible light band. Resources in one carrier which belong to the BWP may be contiguous or non-contiguous. In some embodiments, a BWP has non-contiguous spectrum resources on one carrier.
[0105] Wireless communication may occur over an occupied bandwidth. The occupied bandwidth may be defined as the width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage β / 2 of the total mean transmitted power. For example, the value of β / 2 is taken as 0.5%.
[0106] The carrier, the BWP, or the occupied bandwidth may be signaled by a network device (e.g., base station) dynamically, e.g., in physical layer control signaling such as DCI, or semi-statically, e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or in the medium access control (MAC) layer, or be predefined based on the application scenario. Alternatively, the carrier, the BWP, or the occupied bandwidth may be determined by the UE as a function of other parameters that are known by the UE, or may be fixed, e.g., by a standard.
[0107] In a wireless network, upon the UE’s power-on, it may start to search for a suitable cell to camp on and perform initial access. A detailed procedure may include the following:
[0108] 1. Cell Search:
[0109] - The UE starts by searching for SSBs in the pre-defined (or configured) frequency bands.
[0110] - SSBs are periodically transmitted by a gNB and carry important information for cell detection and initial access.
[0111] - The UE performs a guided or blind search across multiple frequency bands and carrier frequencies to detect the SSBs. For example, the guided search may be based on pre-defined frequency bands in public land mobile networks (PLMNs) , associated with the wireless service.
[0112] 2. SSB detection and measurement:
[0113] - Upon detecting an SSB, the UE measures the RSRP and signal quality (e.g., SINR or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) ) to evaluate the cell’s suitability.
[0114] - The UE may also decode the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carried by the SSB to obtain the master information block (MIB) , which contains essential system information.
[0115] 3. Frequency band and bandwidth detection:
[0116] - Based on a detected SSB, the UE can determine the frequency band and bandwidth of the cell.
[0117] - In NR, an SSB carries information about the frequency range (FR) (e.g., FR1 or FR2) and the channel bandwidth (e.g., 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 100 MHz) .
[0118] Note that the cell search procedure is a critical aspect of the initial access and mobility management processes, ensuring that the UE can establish and maintain a reliable connection with the best available cell, especially in the challenging mmWave environment.
[0119] 4. Cell Selection and Camping:
[0120] - After detecting and measuring multiple cells, the UE selects the best cell based on predefined criteria, such as RSRP, SINR, and cell prioritization information.
[0121] - The UE then attempts to camp on the selected cell by acquiring additional system information and performing the necessary registration procedures.
[0122] Note that in above cell search and selection procedure, a beam search may be required to access high frequency bands such as FR2 (mmWave) . In this case, the cell search process involves beam management techniques due to the highly directional nature of mmWave signals; the UE and the network (e.g., base station) perform beam sweeping and beam tracking to establish and maintain a stable connection using the appropriate beam directions.
[0123] 5. PRACH process: once a cell is selected, the UE may perform physical random access channel (PRACH) process based on SSB and additional system information, where the PRACH process is a crucial part of the initial access procedure in 5G NR, where a UE attempts to establish a connection with the network for various purposes, such as initial access, network-re-entry, handover, beam failure recovery, and scheduling request.
[0124] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 for an initial access to NR network with cell search and selection. At 610, a UE starts cell search, for example, in an NR network. A cell search on frequency bands on FR1 and / or FR2, and associated CCs is performed, where exemplary CCs in FR1 and FR2 are tabulated in the two tables 602 and 604 shown in FIG. 6.
[0125] At 620, the UE scans FR1 bands (e.g., frequency bands under 6 GHz) . In some cases, scanning FR1 bands includes scanning carrier frequencies at 630, and the scanning of the carrier frequencies for the cell search can be guided by PLMN (s) , including home PLMN (HPLMN) / preferred PLMN, that may provide services to the UE. The scan carrier frequencies for the cell search can be a subset of predefined carrier frequency bands and their CCs.
[0126] At 640, the UE determines whether a suitable cell is found. At 650, in the case that a cell search on FR1 with the scan carrier frequencies (e.g., indicated scan carrier frequencies) fails, the UE may need to perform an exhaustive frequency scan on all of the predefined carrier frequency bands and the CCs in these bands. As shown in table 602, each frequency band has a large frequency range and therefore can have a large amount of CCs. For example, if each CC occupies 20 MHz, then each band may have tens to hundreds of CCs.
[0127] In some cases, a UE may scan sequentially (or randomly) all available frequency bands and related CCs to find a good CC with reasonable channel condition (e.g., measured RSRP being above certain threshold) . For example, a UE in NR may detect an SSB in a CC and check the cell selection (or re-selection) conditions as IE Q-RxLevMin in system information such as SIB1, which is used to indicate the required minimum received RSRP level in the CC for a UE to consider a cell as suitable for cell selection. In some cases, the SIB1 can also be referred to as “the first system information. ” Other names of the SIB1 can also be used. Moreover, the term “SIB1” or “SIB 1” may be used interchangeably in this application. If the detected CC doesn’ t satisfy the cell selection condition (s) , the UE may move on to next available frequency band or related CC. Thus, in some cases, the UE may need to try to scan multiple CCs before a good CC is found. However, scanning on the next available frequency band or related CC out of all available frequency bands and related CCs can be quite random or blind, as some of CCs used by cells may be far away from the UE, thus making the CC scanning very low efficient, leading to latencies and unnecessary power wastes.
[0128] In some examples, after a suitable cell is found in FR1 bands, the UE can scan FR2 bands (e.g., frequency bands over 6 GHz) at 660. In some cases, scanning FR2 bands includes scanning carrier frequencies at 670, and the scanning of carrier frequencies for the cell search can be guided by PLMN (s) , including HPLMN / preferred PLMN, that may provide services to the UE. In some cases, scanning FR2 bands includes performing an exhaustive frequency scan on all of the predefined carrier frequency bands and the CCs in these bands (e.g., as shown in table 604) .
[0129] At 680, the UE performs PLMN selection and cell selection based on the cells found in step 640 and 660. At 690, the UE starts random access channel (RACH) procedure on selected cells.
[0130] It can be seen that the initial access procedure upon UE power-on may require the UE to scan many frequency bands and their CCs during cell search phase in a quite random way. For example, the UE may perform a sequential, exhaustive, or a blind search sequentially among all possible bands (e.g., predefined bands) and their CCs. Thus, it may take long search time with high power consumptions.
[0131] Accordingly, example methods to enhance the initial access are provided in the disclosure to speed up cell search and selection upon UE power-on, with more efficient scanning on associated frequency bands and related CCs. In one example method, instead of sequential or blind scanning of available frequency bands and related CCs, an indication information is provided in system information such as SSB and / or SIB1 in a CC, where the indication may indicate what available CCs (optionally with search preference or priority) are in neighbor networks (e.g., base stations) . This will result in frequency scanning on meaningful CCs for cell search and selection in the sense that it is worth taking time to scan these CCs and get their channel quality measurements.
[0132] There are multiple possible implementations to achieve the described goals or solutions, which are described in the following.
[0133] In some implementations, enhanced initial access scheme with CC indication on neighbor cell (s) is described herein for cell search and selection. When a UE powers on and starts to perform cell search for an initial access to a network, a set of frequency bands and CCs (where one frequency band may include one or more CCs) are predefined. One or more frequency bands and related CCs as a subset of the set of frequency bands and CCs are allocated for a PLMN network or a carrier operator. In the PLMN network, a group of CCs from the one or more frequency bands and related CCs may be assigned to a group of neighbor base stations (and each base station may have one or more CCs, which are typically different from CC (s) used in another neighbor base station) . In some cases, neighbor base stations may not simultaneously employ same CC for communication in order for interference avoidance or mitigation among different base stations.
[0134] To enhance cell search and avoid blind scanning on irrelevant CCs for a UE at an initial access location, a base station may broadcast, for cell search and selection, certain assistance information on one or more CCs being used in neighbor base stations. In an example, the base station may provide an indication on one or more CCs used in neighbor base stations. In this case, UE may scan a CC and detect an SSB (possibly over each of SSBs in multiple beams from a base station) . If the scanned CC fails due to reasons such as channel condition not satisfying the minimum RSRP requirement, the UE may try another relevant or meaningful CC being used by another neighbor base station. With this assistance information, the UE may be able to effectively perform cell search and find one or more SSBs in a faster way until a cell or CC can be found with satisfied channel condition.
[0135] Note that, in some examples, the UE may be required to detect SSB and / or system information (e.g., SIB1) in a CC to obtain the minimum requirement for cell selection condition. One base station may include one or more CCs from one or more frequency bands. Moreover, a term “cell” or “component carrier (CC) ” may be used interchangeably in this application.
[0136] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example system 700 for enhanced initial access with CC indication on neighbor cell (s) for cell search and selection. As illustrated, eight CCs: CC0, CC2, …, CC7 from one or more frequency bands may be assigned to one or more PLMNs (or one or more carrier operators) , and these CCs are predefined (e.g., by the standards) in a wireless network. A group of neighbor base stations: BS1 702, BS2 704, and BS3 706 from one or more carrier operators are providing services using a group of CCs: CC0, CC1, CC3, CC4, CC5, and CC7 as shown in FIG. 7. A UE 708 powers on and performs an initial access to network, and the UE location may have favorable channel conditions with BS3 706 but not with BS1 702 and BS2 704. To assist cell search, an SSB and / or system information in a cell or a base station may include an indication on CC information, e.g., in SIB1, where the indication may include one or more CCs used in the cell’s neighbor cell (s) or the base station’s neighbor base station (s) . In some implementations, an SSB and / or system information from BS1 702 may include CCs of neighbor BS (s) , e.g., CC3 and CC5, an SSB / SI from BS2 704 may include CCs of neighbor BS (s) , e.g., CC0 and CC5, and an SSB / SI from BS3 706 may include CCs of neighbor BS (s) , e.g., CC0 and CC3.
[0137] Given the CC indication above and as shown in FIG. 7, an exemplary cell search and selection procedure may be provided as below. The UE 708 tries CC0 and detects its SSB and system information (e.g., SIB1) . The UE 708 determines that cell selection condition is not met. The system information such as SIB1 in CC0 may indicate CCs being used in neighbor cells (e.g., CC3, CC5) . The UE 708 then tries CC3 and detects its SSB and system information (e.g., SIB1) . The UE 708 determines that the cell selection condition is not met. The system information such as SIB1 in CC3 may indicate CCs being used in neighbor cells (e.g., CC0, CC5) . In some cases, because the UE 708 knows that CC3 and CC4 are both used by the BS2 based on the system information in CC0, when the UE 708 determines that the cell selection condition is not met for CC3, the UE 708 may skip CC4 or other CCs used by the BS2 because it is likely that the signal quality for CC3 and CC4 are similar, and thus CC4 would not meet cell selection condition either. Alternatively, the UE 708 may try CC4 to determine whether the cell selection condition is met in the case where the signal quality for CC3 and CC4 may differ. The UE 708 then tries CC5 and detects its SSB and system information (e.g., SIB1) . The UE 708 determines that the cell selection condition is met, and the cell is selected. A cell search and selection is therefore successful performed, and then the UE 708 may proceed to PRACH.
[0138] As shown in this example, instead of having to try CC0 (cell selection condition failed) , CC1 (cell selection condition failed) , CC2 (scanning failed and wasting time and energy) , CC3 (cell selection condition failed) , and CC4 (cell selection condition failed) until CC5, the enhanced initial access schemes in this disclosure may perform cell search and selection more efficiently and faster, leading to latency reduction and power saving. In one possible implementation, a CC indication on neighbor cell (s) is included in system information (SI) , for example, in PBCH message, also known as the MIB, and / or the SIB1 message. The PBCH and the SIB1 messages are two important system information messages broadcasted by a base station to facilitate the initial access and cell selection process for UEs.
[0139] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, an SSB and / or system information from a BS may include CC (s) of the BS itself. For example, an SSB and / or system information from BS1 702 may include CC (s) of itself, e.g., CC1. In this way, when the UE 708 tries CC0-which is a CC of BS1 702-and determines that cell selection condition is not met, The UE 708 may skip other CC of BS1 702 (e.g., CC1) to save battery power because the cell selection condition may not be met as well. This may save UE power in cell searching. Alternatively, the UE 708 can try CC1 to determine whether the cell selection condition is met.
[0140] In some examples, the MIB message is transmitted periodically on the PBCH and is the first system information that a UE decodes after detecting and synchronizing with the SSB. In some cases, the MIB is the most essential system information for initial cell acquisition. To guide cell search and selection in multiple-beam scenarios, at least one bit may be used in MIB from a cell (or a base station) to indicate the current beam relative location among multiple beam directions, e.g., middle beam, a side beam, or a beam with specifically defined beam direction. As a result, it may help cell search in a more efficient way, especially in multi-beam scenarios. More details are described below with respect to the beam indication.
[0141] Moreover, information regarding CC indication on neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) can be carried out by SIB1 message, where SIB1 message is, in some cases, the first SIB that a UE acquires after decoding the MIB and before the UE has an active connection with a network.
[0142] In some implementations, the information carried in SIB1 from a base station or other system information block for initial cell search (e.g., a serving cell) may include at least one of the following:
[0143] 1. Information of one or more CCs that are used in the neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) associated with the base station. The information of a CC can include, for example, identity information of the CC or other information indicating the frequency location of the CC.
[0144] 2. One or more cell identity (ID) of the neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) . A cell ID of the neighbor cell / base station can be, for example, a physical cell ID (PCI) of the neighbor cell / base station. In some cases, each of the cell ID (s) of the neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) can be associated with one or more CCs that are used in the neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) . In some cases, with the cell identity (ID) of the neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) included in SIB1, the UE does not need to identify the cell / base station among a plurality of possible cells / base stations. Thus, the UE can quickly identify the cell / base station to camp on, and therefore improve the efficiencies of cell search and selection.
[0145] 3. Information of one or more CCs that are used in the base station that transmits the SIB1. The information of a CC can include, for example, identity information of the CC or other information indicating the frequency location of the CC.
[0146] 4. One or more cell identity (ID) of the base station that transmits the SIB1. The cell ID of the base station can be, for example, a PCI of the base station.
[0147] 5. An indication of UE / device type (s) that may be applicable to the cell search schemes discussed herein. This indication can indicate information such as whether the cell search scheme is intended for smartphones, IoT devices, vehicular communications, etc. Different device types may have different capabilities and requirements.
[0148] 6. Geo-locations of the neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) . This can be, for example, the geographic coordinates (e.g., latitude / longitude) of neighboring cell (s) and base station (s) . For example, absolute geo-locations from GPS can be provided to aid mobility management and handover decisions.
[0149] 7. Location (s) of the neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) relative to the location of the base station. This can include, for example, at least one of distance or direction of the neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) relative to the location of the base station. Similar to the absolute geo-locations, the relative position (s) of neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) with respect to the serving cell can be useful information.
[0150] 8. Cell selection parameters. The cell selection parameters can include, for example, at least one of q-RxLevMin, q-QualMin, RSRP, or RSRQ. The cell selection parameters can be, for example, thresholds to compare with. For example, one or more of the cell selection parameters can be used by a UE to determine whether a cell meets the minimum received signal level (RxLevMin) and / or signal quality (QualMin) , and therefore can be considered as a candidate for camping on.
[0151] 9. Scheduling information for other SIBs. In some cases, the system information is split across multiple SIBs. This scheduling information can indicate, for example, when and how other SIBs beyond the MIB are scheduled.
[0152] 10. Access control information. The access control information can include, for example, one or more parameters like access class barring information to restrict certain UEs from accessing the cell.
[0153] 11. RACH configuration. The RACH configuration can include, for example, one or more parameters related to the random access procedure that UEs use to initially access the cell on the RACH.
[0154] 12. Packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) parameters. The PDCP sits between the RLC and IP layers. The PDCP parameters can include, for example, one or more parameters related to setting up PDCP security, header compression, etc.
[0155] 13. Additional system information related to mobility, security, or other features. The additional system information can include, for example, information for at least one of supporting mobility across cells, setting up radio bearers with different QoS requirements, security configurations, or other advanced feature configurations.
[0156] 14. Frequency band information of the neighbor cell (s) / base station (s) associated with the base station. The frequency band information can include, for example, one or more frequency band IDs. Examples include, but are not limited to, n1 representing the FDD band from 1, 920 MHz to 1, 980 MHz (uplink) and 2, 110 MHz to 2, 170 MHz (downlink) , n41 representing the TDD band from 2, 496 MHz to 2, 690 MHz, n77 representing the TDD band from 3, 300 MHz to 4, 200 MHz, and n257 representing the TDD band from 26, 500 MHz to 29, 500 MHz, which is in the FR2 range.
[0157] In some cases, the SIB 1 message is scheduled and transmitted based on the scheduling information provided in the MIB. As a result, the techniques described herein may include two alternatives signaling procedures to enhance frequency and beam scanning for cell search and selection. The first signaling procedure enables to use a combination of MIB and SIB1 messages to assist beam (e.g., by MIB for current beam location indication) and frequency scanning (e.g., by SIB1 for neighbor cell CC indication) . The second signaling procedure enables to use only the SIB1 message to assist frequency scanning by a CC indication of neighbor cell (s) or base station (s) .
[0158] FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate flowcharts of example methods 800A and 800B for initial access. In some cases, the example methods 800A and 800B describe the first signaling procedure. FIG. 8A illustrates a flowchart of the example method 800A for initial access. In some cases, the example method 800A describes the first signaling procedure. At 802A, a UE receives at least one of SSB or PBCH from a BS, for example, in a CC of a frequency band. In some cases, the at least one of SSB or PBCH may include CC indication of neighbor cell (s) or base station (s) , as shown in 802B of the method 800B. Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, the at least one of SSB or PBCH may include beam indication indicating information of at least one beam of the BS (or the serving cell of the UE) . For example, the CC indication and / or the beam indication can be in a MIB message included in the PBCH.
[0159] In some cases, the BS communicates with UEs by using one or more beams, and the BS can transmit the at least one of SSB or PBCH to the UE in a beam. In some cases, the UE powers on and starts a cell search on a CC in a frequency band. Upon an SSB in the CC is detected and MIB in PBCH is decoded, the UE may have an idea of current beam direction among multiple beams (e.g., via the beam indication) , which may help the UE to try another beam as needed (e.g., if the current beam fails in cell selection) in the same CC. The beam direction information can help the UE to reduce the search over of all available beams. For example, the UE may stop searching for other beams after detecting a failure on a beam whose beam direction information may indicate that no more beams have better signal strengths. Therefore, the beam direction information may help improve the efficiencies of cell search and selection.
[0160] At 804, the BS transmits a SIB 1 message including a list of CC (s) associated with the neighbor cell (s) to the UE. In some cases, the list of CC (s) includes the CC indication of neighbor cell (s) or base station (s) . Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, the SIB 1 message includes the beam indication indicating the information of at least one beam of the BS (or the serving cell of the UE) as discussed above. In other words, in some cases, the CC indication and / or the beam indication is included in the SIB 1 message, instead of in the at least one of SSB or PBCH. In addition, the SIB 1 message can include the information described with respect to FIG. 7. Additionally or alternatively, in other implementations, the SIB 1 message includes cell ID information of one or more neighbor cells or BSs.
[0161] At 806, the UE gets channel measurement and cell selection requirement to determine if the cell / CC can be camped on. In some cases, upon receiving the SIB1 message from the base station, the UE obtains the list of CCs that indicates CCs being used in neighbor cell (s) or base stations associated with the BS. The UE may get the channel measurement based on the SSB in the CC, and get the cell selection requirement from the SIB1 message to determine if the detected CC can be camped on or not.
[0162] At 808, if cell selection requirement is satisfied, the UE may camp on the cell or the BS, and proceed with PRACH procedure if needed. Otherwise, the UE may continue trying another beam of the CC or a different CC from the list of CCs.
[0163] The second signaling procedure can also be shown by FIGS. 8A-8B. For example, there can be no beam indication in the at least one of SSB or PBCH (e.g., in the MIB) or in the SIB 1 message. The UE may take advantage of the CC indication information from the SIB1 message or the at least one of SSB or PBCH to assist frequency scanning.
[0164] In one possible implementation, SIB1 from a base station in the techniques described herein may include information as shown in the pseudocode below, including ccIndicationNeighbourCells and optionally, applicableUEType. CC_List may include one or more lists of CCs, each CC list being associated with a frequency band. Moreover or alternatively, the CC_List may include locations of neighbor cell (s) or base station (s) , using either absolute physical locations (e.g., coordinates) or relative location (e.g., relative locations in terms of directions, distance, etc. ) in reference to a reference base station or physical point. It should be understood that this pseudocode is merely an example. In some cases, the pseudocode can include any combination of the information described with respect to FIG. 7.
[0165] Moreover or alternatively, CC_List shown above may include a list of one or multiple frequency bands that are indicated for more frequency scanning and cell search, as shown in the pseudocode below. freqBandIndicator can provide a frequency band number as defined in standards specifications, or a CC in a frequency band number as defined in standards specifications. maxNrofMultiBands may be a maximum of frequency bands or CCs listed in this information element. MultiFrequencyBandList may include at least one frequency band, or include one or more CCs in a frequency band. If MultiFrequencyBandList includes more than one frequency band, it may include intra-band, inter-band or both intra-band and inter-band frequency bands.
[0166] In some implementations, CC_List may include information on cell search priority that concerns the absolute priority of the concerned carrier frequency, as used by the cell reselection procedure. For example, priority value 0 means lowest priority for initial cell search and selection.
[0167] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a BS 900 communicating with UEs by using a plurality of beams. As illustrated, the BS 900 has five beams, including two side beams 902 and 904 and three middle beams 906. In some implementations, the beam indication includes at least one index indicating direction information of at least one beam or beam direction information relative to main beam direction. For example, the BS can assign beam index sequentially according to the direction of the at least one beam. So, for example, the beams shown in FIG. 9 can be labeled sequentially 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 either from beam 902 to beam 904 or from beam 904 to beam 902. In some implementations, the beam indication indicates whether the beam is a side beam or a middle beam. So, for example, the beam indication of 0 can indicate that a beam is the side beam 902 or the side beam 904, whereas the beam indication of 1 can indicate that the beam is one of the middle beams 906.
[0168] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” , “an” and “one” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0169] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an exemplary embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of this exemplary embodiment for its intended application.
[0170] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0171] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0172] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0173] In the present disclosure, the terms “system” and “network” may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application. “At least one” means one or more, and “aplurality of” means two or more. The term “and / or” describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character “ / ”usually indicates an “or” relationship between associated objects. “At least one of the following items (pieces) ” or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, “at least one of A, B, or C” includes A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, and “at least one of A, B, and C” may also be understood as including A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0174] The term “receive” , “detect” and “decode” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, without special note, the term “receive” may indicate that information (e.g., DCI, or MAC-CE, RRC signaling or TB) is received successfully by the receiving node, which means the receiving side correctly detect and decode it. In this scenario, “receive” may cover “detect” and “decode” or may indicates same thing, e.g., “receive paging” means decoding paging correctly and obtaining the paging successfully, accordingly, “the receiving side does not receive paging” means the receiving side does not detect and / or decoding the paging. “paging is not received” means the receiving side tries to detect and / or decoding the paging, but not obtain the paging successfully. The term “receive” may sometimes indicate that a signal arrives at the receiving side, but does not mean the information in the signal is detected and decoded correctly, then the receiving side need perform detecting and decoding on the signal to obtain the information carried in the signal. In this scenario, “receive” , “detect” and “decode” may indicate different procedure at receiving side to obtain the information.
[0175] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0176] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or the processor of the another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0177] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0178] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the another programmable device provide steps for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0179] It is clearly that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0180] According to a first aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the method described above. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the method described above. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0181] According to a second aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function method described above. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the method described above.
[0182] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0183] The communication apparatus may be a terminal, a module in a terminal, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a terminal, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0184] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the method described above.
[0185] According to a ninth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of method described above.
[0186] According to a tenth aspect, this application provides a system including at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a UE of the present application, or an apparatus in (or at) a network device of the present application.
[0187] According to an eleven aspect, this application provides a method performed by a system including at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a UE of the present application, and an apparatus in (or at) a network device of the present application.
[0188] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A method comprising:receiving first system information, wherein the first system information comprises an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first system information is carried in a system information block type 1 (SIB 1) message.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first system information is received from a network device of a cell, and the first system information comprises cell selection information of the cell.4.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first system information is received from a network device of a cell, and the first system information comprises cell identity (ID) information of the cell.5.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first system information is received from a network device of a cell, and wherein the method comprises:receiving a beam indication indicating information of a beam of the cell.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the beam indication is comprised in the first system information or a master information block (MIB) message.7.The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the beam indication comprises an index of the beam.8.The method of any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the beam indication indicates whether the beam is a side beam or a middle beam.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first system information comprises cell ID information of the at least one neighbor cell.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first system information comprises at least one of location information of the at least one neighbor cell, one or more cell selection parameters of the at least one neighbor cell, scheduling information for additional system information of the at least one neighbor cell, access control information of the at least one neighbor cell, random access channel (RACH) configuration of the at least one neighbor cell, one or more packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) parameters of the at least one neighbor cell, mobility information of the at least one neighbor cell, or security information of the at least one neighbor cell, frequency band information of the at least one neighbor cell.11.A method comprising:transmitting first system information, wherein the first system information comprises an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the first system information is carried in a system information block type 1 (SIB 1) message.13.The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the first system information is transmitted by a network device of a cell, and the first system information comprises cell selection information of the cell.14.The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the first system information is transmitted by a network device of a cell, and the first system information comprises cell identity (ID) information of the cell.15.The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the first system information is transmitted by a network device of a cell, and wherein the method comprises:transmitting a beam indication indicating information of a beam of the cell.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the beam indication is comprised in the first system information or a master information block (MIB) message.17.The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein the beam indication comprises an index of the beam.18.The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein the beam indication indicates whether the beam is a side beam or a middle beam.19.The method of any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the first system information comprises cell ID information of the at least one neighbor cell.20.The method of any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the first system information comprises at least one of location information of the at least one neighbor cell, one or more cell selection parameters of the at least one neighbor cell, scheduling information for additional system information of the at least one neighbor cell, access control information of the at least one neighbor cell, random access channel (RACH) configuration of the at least one neighbor cell, one or more packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) parameters of the at least one neighbor cell, mobility information of the at least one neighbor cell, or security information of the at least one neighbor cell, frequency band information of the at least one neighbor cell.21.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20.22.The communication apparatus of claim 21, comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive first system information, wherein the first system information comprises an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.23.The communication apparatus of claim 21, comprising:a transmitting unit configured to transmit first system information, wherein the first system information comprises an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.24.The communication apparatus of claim 21, comprising:an interface unit configured to receive first system information, wherein the first system information comprises an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.25.The communication apparatus of claim 21, comprising:an interface circuit configured to transmit first system information, wherein the first system information comprises an indication indicating at least one carrier component of at least one neighbor cell.26.The communication apparatus of claim 24 or 25, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.27.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors coupled with one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 20.28.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 11 to 20.29.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 20.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Method, system and device for informing update of system information
CN102104854A
Anchoring means
US20120294694A1
System and Method for Multi-Carrier Network Operation
US20130010964A1
System information transmission in a carrier aggregation system
US20230319706A1