Method and apparatus for autonomous data transmission
A pre-scheduling mechanism enables efficient and low-power autonomous data transmission for IoT devices, overcoming the inefficiencies of current wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/074470
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-27
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems are inadequate for supporting autonomous data transmission from IoT devices, particularly in device-originated traffic types, leading to inefficiencies and high power consumption.
A pre-scheduling mechanism is introduced to allow IoT devices to autonomously transmit data before requesting, reducing the need for scheduling requests and optimizing power consumption.
The pre-scheduling mechanism supports efficient autonomous data transmission with ultra-low complexity and power consumption, addressing the limitations of existing systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025074470_27112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AUTONOMOUS DATA TRANSMISSIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to techniques of supporting autonomous data transmission for internet of things (IoT) , e.g., ambient internet of things (AIoT or A-IoT) .BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0004] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a device for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the device to: receive, from a reader, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader; and perform, to the reader, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling, wherein in the case of no data being available for the data reporting, the data reporting is carried in the transmission with padding data, or the data reporting is skipped and assisted information for the data reporting is carried in the transmission.
[0005] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, in the case of data to be reported corresponding to the transmission being same as data in a previous data reporting, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the device to: perform, to the reader, the transmission with data in the data reporting; or perform, to the reader, the transmission with assisted information for the data reporting and skip the data reporting.
[0006] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, in the case of data to be reported corresponding to the transmission being different from data in a previous data reporting, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the device to: perform, to the reader, the transmission with data in the data reporting and one or multiple of an indicator indicating presence of the data in the data reporting or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting in the transmission.
[0007] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the device to: determine to skip the data reporting in the case that there is an indicator of enabling skipping the data reporting in the scheduling signaling or a high layer signaling of enabling skipping the data reporting is received.
[0008] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the padding data is previously reported data or random data generated by the device.
[0009] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the device to: carry an indicator associated with data validity in the transmission, indicating whether data in the data reporting is valid or not.
[0010] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the assisted information includes an indicator indicating absence of the data reporting in the transmission, or indicating acknowledge of the scheduling signaling, or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting includes: a time offset value from a time instance of the data reporting to a time instance of a next data reporting or to a time instance of a next scheduling signaling triggering a next data reporting; a time offset value from a time instance of the scheduling signaling to a time instance of a next scheduling signaling triggering a next data reporting or to a time instance of a next data reporting; a periodicity adjustment value for the subsequent data reporting; or a periodicity value for the subsequent data reporting.
[0012] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a reader for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the reader to: transmit, to a device communicating with the reader, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader; receive, from the device, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling; and determine whether the transmission carries padding data in the data reporting, or assisted information for the data reporting in case that the device skips the data reporting.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the data reporting is associated with one or multiple of an indicator indicating presence of the data in the data reporting or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting.
[0014] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to cause the reader to: include an indicator for enabling skipping the data reporting in the scheduling signaling includes; or transmit, to the device, a high layer signaling for enabling skipping the data reporting.
[0015] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the padding data is previously reported data or random data generated by the device.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the transmission is associated with an indicator indicating whether data in the data reporting is valid or not.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the assisted information includes an indicator indicating absence of the data reporting in the transmission, or indicating acknowledge of the scheduling signaling, or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting includes: a time offset value from a time instance of the data reporting to a time instance of a next data reporting or to a time instance of a next scheduling signaling triggering a next data reporting; a time offset value from a time instance of the scheduling signaling to a time instance of a next scheduling signaling triggering a next data reporting or to a time instance of a next data reporting; a periodicity adjustment value for the subsequent data reporting; or a periodicity value for the subsequent data reporting.
[0019] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a device for wireless communication, which may include: receiving, from a reader, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader; and performing, to the reader, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling, wherein in the case of no data being available for the data reporting, the data reporting is carried in the transmission with padding data, or the data reporting is skipped and assisted information for the data reporting is carried in the transmission.
[0020] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a reader for wireless communication, which may include: transmitting, to a device, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader; receiving, from the device, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling; and determining whether the transmission carries padding data in the data reporting, or assisted information for the data reporting in case that the device skips the data reporting.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] Figures 2A-2E illustrate exemplary topologies for IoT networks and devices in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0023] Figure 3 illustrates an example of AIoT communication procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] Figure 4 illustrates examples of AIoT communication scenarios or cases in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a reader in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] Figure 7 illustrates an example of an AIoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of method performed by a reader in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of method performed by an AIoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] IoT has attracted much attention in wireless communication world, where IoT devices usually have a smaller size, lower complexity, lower power consumption and huger number (e.g., tens or even hundreds of billion IoT devices) than existing UEs. The IoT devices are typically battery less devices with no energy storage capability, or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually, for which the energy may be provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power sources that are suitable for providing energy for the devices. For simplicity, such kind of IoT devices may be referred to as AIoT devices (or tags) . In other words, an AIoT device may be an IoT device with limited energy storage capability and powered by energy harvesting.
[0031] Currently, there are still a mass of issues to be solved to support the implementation of AIoT in various use cases or service types. For example, besides device-terminated (DT) and device-originated-device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) , a device-originated autonomous (DO-A) use case (or traffic type) will be considered for AIoT communications. However, the air interface for DO-DTT and DT traffic types is not sufficient or proper for the DO-Atraffic type. For DO-DTT and DT traffic types, the device to reader (D2R) resource (s) for D2R transmission (e.g., the transmission from an IoT device to an IoT reader or the like) is indicated in a reader to device (R2D) transmission (e.g., the transmission from an IoT reader to an IoT device or the like) , but this is not applicable at least for the first D2R transmission for DO-Atraffic. In addition, the DO-Atraffic type cannot be supported by the current design in the study item of 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) . For example, at least AIoT paging, which is an aspect or part of the current design, is not sufficient for the DO-Ause case.
[0032] Various aspects of the present disclosure propose a pre-scheduling mechanism for communication (e.g., AIoT communication or the like) between a device (e.g., an AIoT device or the like) and a reader (e.g., an AIoT device reader) , which can support autonomous transmission from the device and achieve ultra-low complexity and ultra-low power consumption for the device. For example, in accordance with an exemplary pre-scheduling mechanism, the reader may periodically schedule the device to autonomously transmit data (e.g., collected or sensed data by sensors) before the device indicates to the reader that the device has data to report, e.g., by scheduling request (SR) -like signals. Thus, based on the pre-scheduling mechanism, SR-like signals from the device to the reader are not mandatory. Accordingly, the present disclosure can at least support autonomous transmission of DO-Atraffic from the device and ensure the power consumption within the acceptable level.
[0033] Although for convenience, some implementations of the present disclosure are described with respect to AIoT or AIoT devices (e.g., an ambient IoT tag) , persons skilled in the art would appreciate that these implementations can also be applied to other IoT communication or other IoT devices.
[0034] As used herein, the term "ambient IoT device" , "AIoT device" or “AIoT tag” can refer to a device without batteries or with limited energy storage capabilities. For an AIoT device, energy can be provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable source. An AIoT device can also be called a zero-power terminal, a near-zero power terminal, a passive IoT device, an ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) device, tag, etc. Compared with low-power and wide-coverage services, such as narrow band (NB) IoT, enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) , AIoT is to be designed with ultra-low complexity and ultra-low power consumption, and is orders of magnitude lower than the existing 3GPP technologies. Hence, it is suitable for more application scenarios.
[0035] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0036] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NE 102, one or more UE 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G.Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0038] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN) , a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0039] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102.
[0040] In some implementations, the NEs 102 may include one or more relay nodes, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes or wireless access backhaul (WAB) nodes which can provide wireless access services for UEs 104. A relay node (or an IAB node or a WAB node) can directly connect to a BS or hop through one or more relay nodes (or one or more IAB or WAB nodes) before reaching the BS.
[0041] The one or more UE 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0042] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0043] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N3, or network interface) . In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106. In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0044] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.
[0045] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0046] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0047] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0048] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0049] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0050] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0051] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0052] Figures 2A-2E illustrate exemplary topologies for IoT networks and devices in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. In these exemplary topologies, the AIoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node (s) either inside or outside the topology. The links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional.
[0053] Although elements in each topology such as the BS, UE, assisting node, or intermediate node are described in the singular, the plural is also contemplated. The mixture of indoor and outdoor placements of such nodes is regarded as a network implementation choice. Consideration would need to be taken of potential impact on device or node complexity. In some connectivity topologies, this does not imply the existence of multi-hop assisting or intermediate nodes.
[0054] For the sake of convenience, in the context of the present disclosure, the BS (or NE, or RAN node, e.g., gNB) , intermediate node (e.g., an IAB node, a WAB node, a relay node, a UE, or a repeater) , assisting node (e.g., an IAB node, a WAB node, a relay node, a UE, or a repeater) , or UE-type reader which an IoT device (e.g., a tag) connects with can be referred to as an IoT reader or a reader. In some implementations, the channel which carries R2D transmission can be referred to as physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) and the channel which carries D2R transmission can be referred to as physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) . Persons skilled in the art understand that other terminologies can also apply, without affecting or limiting the principles and scope of the present disclosure.
[0055] It should be noted that in this disclosure, encoded bits for AIoT communication may also be referred to as chips, symbols, or other terminologies, and the encoding method may be referred to a modulation method, a waveform generation method or some of combinations of the encoding method, the waveform generation method, and the modulation method.
[0056] A topology shown in Figure 2A is referred to as Topology 1, wherein an AIoT device 201 can directly and bidirectionally communicate with a BS 203, e.g., a gNB. The communication between the BS 203 and the AIoT device 201 includes AIoT data and / or signaling. This topology includes the possibility that the BS 203 transmitting to the AIoT device 201 is different than the BS 203 receiving from the AIoT device 201.
[0057] A topology shown in Figure 2B is referred to as Topology 2, wherein an AIoT device 201 can communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node 205 between the AIoT device 201 and a BS 203, e.g., a gNB. The intermediate node can be a relay, an IAB node, a WAB node, a UE, a repeater, a UE-type reader, etc. which is capable of AIoT. The intermediate node 205 may transfer AIoT data and / or signaling between the BS 203 and the AIoT device 201.
[0058] An exemplary intermediate node 205 in Figure 2B may be a UE, which can communicate with the BS 203 via a Uu link and communicate with the AIoT device by R2D transmission and D2R transmission. In some implementations, for the topology shown in Figure 2B, there is no difference in physical layer design from the topology shown in Figure 2A. For example, from the perspective of the BS, the UE is deemed as a normal UE. From the perspective of the AIoT device, the UE is transparent and deemed as an AIoT reader which is not differentiated from a BS.
[0059] Topologies shown in Figure 2C and 2D are both referred to as Topology 3, wherein the topology shown in Figure 2C is Topology 3 with downlink (DL) assistance and the topology shown in Figure 2D is Topology 3 with uplink (UL) assistance.
[0060] In Figure 2C, an AIoT device 201 can transmit data / signaling to a BS 203 and can receive data / signaling from an assisting node 207 (i.e., for DL assistance) . The assisting node 207 may receive the data / signaling from the BS 203. In this topology, the assisting node 207 can be a relay, an IAB node, a WAB node, a UE, a repeater, a UE-type reader, etc. which is capable of AIoT.
[0061] In Figure 2D, an AIoT device 201 can receive data / signaling from a BS 203 and can transmit data / signaling to the assisting node 207 (i.e., for UL assistance) . The assisting node 207 may transmit the data / signaling to the BS 203. Similarly, in this topology, the assisting node 207 can be a relay, an IAB node, a WAB node, a UE, a repeater, a UE-type reader, etc. which is capable of AIoT.
[0062] A topology shown in Figure 2E is referred to as Topology 4, wherein an AIoT device 201 can communicate bidirectionally with a UE 209. The communication between the UE 209 and the AIoT device 201 includes AIoT data and / or signaling.
[0063] In some implementations of the present disclosure, FR1 licensed spectrum in frequency division duplexing (FDD) is considered for AIoT communication. For example, a UE, as an intermediate node in the topology shown in Figure 2B, may transmit R2D signals / channels in FDD UL band and receive D2R signals / channel in FDD UL band. In other examples, the UE may transmit R2D signals / channels in FDD DL band and receive D2R signals / channel in FDD UL band, or transmit R2D signals / channels in FDD DL band and receive D2R signals / channel in FDD DL band. The UE can transmit UL signals / channel to a BS in FDD UL band and receive DL signals / channel from the BS in FDD DL band.
[0064] In the present disclosure, the AIoT communication may include, but not limited to, a command procedure between a reader and a group of IoT devices (e.g., tags) , an inventory procedure between a reader and a group of IoT devices (e.g., tags) , or both. For example, a reader may transmit a command related signaling (e.g., an indoor command) to a group of IoT devices. The applicable scenarios of such command may include, but not limited to, online modification of medical instruments status, device activation and deactivation, elderly health care, device permanent deactivation and electronic shelf label. For example, a reader may transmit inventory related signaling (e.g., indoor inventory signaling) to a group of IoT devices. The applicable scenarios of such signaling may include, but not limited to, automated warehousing, medical instrument inventory management and positioning, non-public networks for logistics, automobile manufacturing, airport terminal / shipping ports, a smart laundry, automated supply chain distribution, fresh food supply chains, end-to-end logistics, and flower auctions.
[0065] Figure 3 illustrates an example of AIoT communication procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, wherein a pre-scheduling mechanism is used for the reader to periodically schedule the device to autonomously transmit data. As illustrated above, the reader is various in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, e.g., a gNB in Topology 1 or an intermediate UE in Topology 2 or an assisting UE in Topology 3 or a UE in Topology 4 etc.
[0066] Herein, for simplification and clarity, transmission overlapping and multiplexing etc., factors are not considered. In addition, herein, the D2R transmission is always refer to that triggered for data reporting.
[0067] Referring to Figure 3, at step 301, in accordance with an exemplary pre-scheduling mechanism, the reader may periodically transmit a scheduling signaling to an AIoT device (only as an example, there may be multiple) communicating with the reader, e.g., via the corresponding PRDCH. The scheduling signaling may include scheduling information to trigger the AIoT device to report data, e.g., the data collected from the AIoT device. For example, the scheduling information may trigger a transmission (e.g., a D2R transmission) for a data reporting from the AIoT device to reader. In some cases, the scheduling information may be regarded as a command to trigger the data reporting from one or multiple devices. Exemplary scheduling information in a scheduling signaling may indicate time domain resource allocation, frequency domain resource allocation, modulation scheme, chip duration, device ID, transport block (TB) size, a number of repetition and repetition type as well as other information if necessary.
[0068] Regarding the periodicity of sending scheduling signaling (hereinafter, "scheduling periodicity" ) , the reader may determine it based on the corresponding traffic information from upper layer (e.g., application layer) or information reported from the AIoT device, e.g., time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting etc.
[0069] An exemplary time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting may be a time offset value from a time instance of the data reporting (e.g., the current one) to a time instance of a next data reporting, or to a time instance of a next scheduling signaling triggering a next data reporting. For example, the time instance adjustment reported from the AIoT device may indicate a value determined or selected from a set of time offset values, e.g., {1s, 10s, 40s, 50s} , which may be predefined, e.g., in the 3GPP standards or configured by a high layer signaling, e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling or the like. After receiving the time offset value from the AIoT device, the reader may determine an appropriate time instance for scheduling the data reporting based on the time instance of the data reporting in view of the time offset value, and transmit the scheduling signaling to trigger a D2R transmission for data reporting based on the determined time instance. Accordingly, the scheduling periodicity will be changed.
[0070] Another exemplary time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting may be a time offset value from a time instance of the scheduling signaling (e.g., the current one) to a time instance of a next scheduling signaling triggering a next data reporting, or to a time instance of a next data reporting. Similarly, a set of time offset values, e.g., {1s, 10s, 40s, 50s} may be predefined or configured by a high layer signaling. After receiving the time offset value from the AIoT device, the reader may determine an appropriate time instance for scheduling the data reporting based on the time instance of the scheduling signaling in view of the time offset value, and transmit the scheduling signaling to trigger a D2R transmission for data reporting based on the determined time instance. Accordingly, the scheduling periodicity will be changed.
[0071] Yet another exemplary time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting may be a periodicity adjustment value for the subsequent data reporting, which is used to adjust the scheduling periodicity. For example, the time instance adjustment may be a periodicity adjustment value determined or selected from a predefined or configured set of periodicity adjustment values, e.g., {+1s, +10s, -1s, -10s} . After receiving the periodicity adjustment value from the AIoT device, the reader may adjust the periodicity for scheduling the D2R transmission for data reporting based on the current scheduling periodicity in view of the periodicity adjustment value, and transmit the scheduling signaling based on the adjusted periodicity.
[0072] A further exemplary time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting may be a periodicity value for the subsequent data reporting. For example, the time instance adjustment may be a periodicity value determined or selected from a predefined or configured set of periodicities, e.g., {1s, 20s, 40s, 60s} . After receiving the periodicity value, the reader may determine an appropriate periodicity for scheduling the D2R transmission for data reporting, e.g., using the reporting periodicity value as the new periodicity, and transmit the scheduling signaling based on the adjusted periodicity.
[0073] At the device side, based on the received scheduling signaling, the AIoT device may transmit the scheduled D2R transmission for data reporting at step 303. The D2R transmission may further include the ID of the AIoT device etc. If the scheduling signaling is not received, then there is no D2R transmission for data reporting.
[0074] Considering that there may or may not be data reporting in a D2R transmission, in some implementations of the present disclosure, an indicator associated with presence of data or data reporting in the D2R transmission (hereinafter, "first indicator" for simplification and clarity) is introduced. The AIoT device may include a first indicator in the D2R transmission for data reporting, indicating presence or absence of data or data reporting in the D2R transmission. An exemplary first indicator may be use one bit, e.g., bit “1” to indicate that the data reporting or data is present or carried in the D2R transmission, and bit “0”to indicate that data reporting or data is absent or not carried in the D2R transmission, vice versa.
[0075] Specifically, in some scenarios or cases, data is available for data reporting in the corresponding D2R transmission, e.g., data collection is finished and there is collected data available at the buffer of the AIoT device, the AIoT device may perform the D2R transmission including the data reporting to the reader at step 303 as scheduled. An exemplary data reporting may also include a first indicator indicating presence of data or data reporting in the D2R transmission, and / or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting etc.
[0076] However, in some scenarios or cases, there may be no available data for data reporting in the corresponding D2R transmission, e.g., there is no collected data available at the buffer of the device. For example, the data collection from the sensor is not finished, or the data collection is not started after the previous collection. For the case that the AIoT device has no data to be transmitted in the corresponding D2R transmission, aspects of the present disclosure propose various solutions at least considering low complexity and low power consumption for the AIoT device.
[0077] For example, in some implementations of the present disclosure, the AIoT device may skip the D2R transmission and transmit nothing to the reader. Therefore, the AIoT device can save power consumption for unnecessary D2R transmission.
[0078] In some other implementations of the present disclosure, the AIoT device may only skip this data reporting, and perform the D2R transmission to the reader without data reporting at step 303.
[0079] In some yet other implementations of the present disclosure, the AIoT device may not skip this data reporting. The AIoT device may include padding data in the data reporting and perform the D2R transmission to the reader with padding data in the data reporting. Similarly, an exemplary data reporting may also include a first indicator indicating presence of data or data reporting in the D2R transmission, and / or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting etc.
[0080] Exemplary padding data may be previously reported data, which means a previous data reporting will be retransmitted, which contributes to the transmission reliability especially when the previously reported data is not successfully decoded at the reader side. In this example, the AIoT device may assume that the scheduling signaling trigging a D2R transmission for the retransmitted data reporting targets for scheduling retransmission of the previous data. Another exemplary padding data may be a random data generated for the data reporting by the AIoT device.
[0081] Considering that the data in the data reporting may be invalid, in some implementations of the present disclosure, an indicator associated with data validity is introduced (hereinafter, "second indicator" for simplification and clarity) . The AIoT device may include the second indicator in the transmission for data reporting, indicating whether data in the data reporting is valid or not. Similarly, an exemplary second indicator may use one bit, e.g., bit “1” to indicate the carried data is valid and the reader should decode the carried data, and bit “0” to indicate that the carried data is just for padding and the reader can skip decoding the padding data, vice versa.
[0082] To further reduce power consumption, in accordance some aspects of the present disclosure, in the case that data to be reported is the same as data in a previous data reporting, the AIoT device may also skip the data reporting or even the D2R transmission, or perform the D2R transmission to the reader without data reporting.
[0083] However, data reporting and / or scheduled D2R transmission skipping may lead to AIoT communication misunderstandings or confusions between the reader and the AIoT device. An exemplary misunderstanding or confusion between the reader and the AIoT device is on whether the AIoT device has successfully received the scheduling signaling. Another exemplary misunderstanding or confusion between the reader and the AIoT device is on whether the scheduling signaling is for retransmission of the data reporting in that case that the reader has not successfully received the D2R transmission carrying the collected data of the AIoT device. Yet another exemplary misunderstanding or confusion between the reader and the AIoT device is on whether the AIoT device should transmit newly collected data even if the newly collected data is the same as the previously reported data.
[0084] At least to avoid the potential AIoT communication misunderstandings or confusions, some implementations of the present disclosure propose that whether a data reporting can be skipped or not (case 1 and / or case 2) may be configured in the scheduling signaling (e.g., by an indicator associated with data reporting skipping, hereinafter, "third indicator" for simplification and clarity) , or by a high layer parameter, e.g., a RRC parameter or the like. For example, the AIoT device may determine to skip the data reporting in the case that there is a third indicator of enabling skipping the data reporting in the scheduling signaling or a high layer signaling of enabling skipping the data reporting is received. A similar indicator or high layer parameter may also be used for enabling or disabling transmission skipping in some implementations of the present disclosure. For example, the AIoT device may determine to skip the scheduled D2R transmission in the case that there is an indicator of enabling skipping the D2R transmission in the scheduling signaling or a high layer parameter of enabling skipping the D2R transmission is configured.
[0085] Including assisted information associated with data reporting in the corresponding D2R transmission may also avoid the potential AIoT communication misunderstandings or confusions, especially in the case of data reporting being absent in the D2R transmission. For example, in the case of lacking data reporting in the corresponding D2R transmission, the AIoT device may include a first indicator indicating the absence of the data reporting in the transmission and / or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting.
[0086] Besides the first indicator and the time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting, there are other assisted information associated with data reporting. For example, another exemplary assisted information may be information for acknowledge of the scheduling signaling, e.g., an indicator indicating acknowledge of the scheduling signaling ( (hereinafter, "fourth indicator" for simplification and clarity) . An exemplary fourth indicator may use one bit, e.g., bit “1” to indicate the scheduling signaling is received and the data is carried in the corresponding D2R transmission, and bit “0” to indicate that the scheduling signaling is received and there is no data carried in the corresponding transmission, vice versa.
[0087] At the reader side, the reader may perform reception of the D2R transmission based on the scheduling signaling at step 305. For example, if a D2R transmission is received, the reader may determine whether there is data reporting in the received D2R transmission (e.g., is skipped or not) , whether the data in the data reporting is valid (e.g., whether random data is generated just for padding) etc., and decode the data if there is valid data in the data reporting. The reader may also perform other operations, e.g., adjusting the scheduling periodicity in the case of receiving time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting, or determining to trigger a retransmission for data reporting if no D2R transmission is received etc. Although some implementations are illustrated mainly concerning the device side, persons skilled in the art would know that the operations at the reader side are consistent to the device side, and thus will not repeat.
[0088] To help understand various aspects of the present disclosure, some detailed implementations of the present disclosure are illustrated in view of exemplary scenarios or cases illustrated in Figure 4.
[0089] Specifically, Figure 4 illustrates examples of AIoT communication scenarios or cases in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, wherein a pre-scheduling mechanism is used for the reader to periodically schedule the device to autonomously transmit data before the device indicates to the reader that the device has data to report. Similarly, the reader is various in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, e.g., a gNB in Topology 1 or an intermediate UE in Topology 2 or an assisting UE in Topology 3 or a UE in Topology 4 etc.
[0090] Referring to Figure 4, the reader may periodically transmit scheduling signaling to an AIoT device communicating with the reader, e.g., via the corresponding PRDCH, e.g., at time t1, t2, t3 and t4 etc. It is assumed that the scheduling periodicity is P1 at first, e.g., at time t1, t2, t3, and t4 etc. Accordingly, at the AIoT device side, D2R transmissions for data reporting, e.g., transmission#1, #2, #3 and #4 are respectively triggered at time t1', t2', t3' and t4' after reception of the corresponding scheduling signaling.
[0091] It is assumed that data reporting skipping is not enabled at scenario (a) . For example, no third indicator indicating enabling data reporting skipping is included in the scheduling signaling (e.g., no third indicator is included at all, or the included third indicator indicates disabling data reporting skipping) , and no high layer parameter of enabling skipping data reporting is received (e.g., a high layer signaling of disabling skipping data reporting is received or no related high layer parameter is received at all) .
[0092] It is assumed that data reporting skipping is enabled at scenario (b) only for the case of no data being available for data reporting. For example, a third indicator indicating enabling data reporting skipping is included in the corresponding scheduling signaling, or a high layer parameter of enabling skipping data reporting is received.
[0093] It is further assumed that data reporting skipping is enabled at scenario (c) both for the case of no data being available for data reporting and the case of data to be reported being the same as data in a previous data reporting. For example, a third indicator indicating enabling data reporting skipping is included in the corresponding scheduling signaling, or a high layer parameter of enabling skipping data reporting is received.
[0094] Then, at time t1', for scenarios (a) to (c) , it is assumed that the collected data is available at the buffer of the AIoT device, and the collected data is different from the data in the previous data reporting. Then, the AIoT device may transmit transmission#1 with data in the data reporting to the reader in scenarios (a) to (c) . Transmission#1 may include the ID of the AIoT device and the collected or sensed data in the data reporting. In some implementations of the present disclosure, transmission#1 may also include a first indicator indicating the presence of data reporting in transmission#1, e.g., by setting the related bit as “1. ”
[0095] At time t2', for scenarios (a) to (c) , it is assumed that the collected data is available at the buffer of the AIoT device, but the collected data is the same as the data in the previous data reporting, e.g., that at time t1'. Then, the AIoT device may transmit transmission#2 with data in the data reporting to the reader in scenarios (a) and (b) . Similarly, transmission#2 may include the ID of the AIoT device and the collected or sensed data. In some implementations of the present disclosure, transmission#2 may also include a first indicator indicating the presence of data reporting in transmission#2, e.g., by setting the related bit as “1. ”
[0096] Regarding scenario (c) at time t2', since data reporting skipping is enabled for data to be reported being the same as data in previous data reporting at t1', the AIoT device will skip the data reporting. The AIoT device may transmit transmission#2 with the device ID etc., while without the data reporting. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the AIoT device may include assisted information associated with the data reporting at t2'in transmission#2. For example, the AIoT device may include a first indicator indicating the absence of data reporting in transmisssoin#2, e.g., by setting the related bit as "0. " For another example, the AIoT device may include a fourth indicator in transmission#2, indicating that the scheduling signaling (which sent from the reader at t2) is received and no data is carried in transmission#2 by setting the related bit as “0. ”
[0097] At time t3', for scenarios (a) to (c) , it is assumed that collected data is not available at the buffer of the AIoT device. For example, the data collection for data reporting at time t3'is started but not finished, or the data collection for data reporting at time t3'is not started at all after the previous collection for data reporting at time t2'.
[0098] Since data reporting skipping is not enabled at scenario (a) , the AIoT device may include padding data in the data reporting, and transmit transmission#3 with padding data in the data reporting to the reader. In the case that the padding data is previously reported data, the AIoT device may include a second indicator in transmission#1, indicating that carried data is valid and the reader needs to decode the carried data, e.g., by setting the related bit as "1. " In the case that the padding data is randomly generated data, the AIoT device may include a second indicator indicating that the carried data is invalid and the reader needs not to decode the carried data, e.g., by setting the related bit as "0. "
[0099] For scenario (b) and (c) , since data reporting skipping is enabled, the AIoT device may transmit transmission#3 without the data reporting. Similarly, in some implementations of the present disclosure, the AIoT device may include assisted information for the data reporting in transmission#3. For example, the AIoT device may include a first indicator indicating the absence of data reporting in transmisssoin#3, e.g., by setting the related bit as "0. " For another example, the AIoT device may include a fourth indicator in transmission#3, indicating that the scheduling signaling (which sent from the reader at t3) is received and no data is carried in transmission#3 by setting the related bit as “0. ”
[0100] At time t4', it is assumed that collected data is available at the buffer of the AIoT device in scenario (a) , while it is assumed that collected data is not available at the buffer of the AIoT device in scenarios (b) and (c) .
[0101] Then, the AIoT device may transmit transmission#4 with data in the data reporting to the reader in scenario (a) , and transmit transmission#4 without data reporting to the reader in scenarios (b) and (c) . It is further assumed that a time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting is carried in transmission#4 in all of scenarios (a) to (c) . For example, a time offset value from the t4'to t5 or t5', or a time offset value from t4 to t5 or t5'. Then, at the reader side, after receiving the time offset value, the reader may adjust the time instance of sending the scheduling signaling to t5 and send a scheduling signaling at time t5 to trigger transmission#5 for data reporting from the AIoT device at time t5'. Accordingly, the scheduling periodicity will be adjusted to be P2, For another example., a periodicity adjustment value ΔP= P2-P1 or a new periodicity value P2. Then, at the reader side, after receiving the periodicity adjustment value ΔP or the new periodicity value, the reader may adjust the scheduling periodicity to be P2, and send a scheduling signaling at time t5 to trigger transmission#5 for data reporting from the AIoT device at time t5'.
[0102] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a reader 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The reader 500 may include a processor 502, a memory 504, a controller 506, and a transceiver 508. The processor 502, the memory 504, the controller 506, or the transceiver 508, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0103] The processor 502, the memory 504, the controller 506, or the transceiver 508, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0104] The processor 502 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 502 may be configured to operate the memory 504. In some other implementations, the memory 504 may be integrated into the processor 502. The processor 502 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the reader 500 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0105] The memory 504 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 502 cause the reader 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memory 504 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0106] In some implementations, the processor 502 and the memory 504 coupled with the processor 502 may be configured to cause the reader 500 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 502, instructions stored in the memory 504) . For example, the processor 502 may support wireless communication at the reader 500 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The reader 500 may be configured to support a means for transmitting, to a device, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader; means for receiving, from the device, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling; and means for determining whether the transmission carries padding data in the data reporting, or assisted information for the data reporting in case that the device skips the data reporting.
[0107] The controller 506 may manage input and output signals for the reader 500. The controller 506 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the reader 500. In some implementations, the controller 506 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 506 may be implemented as part of the processor 502.
[0108] In some implementations, the reader 500 may include at least one transceiver 508. In some other implementations, the reader 500 may have more than one transceiver 508. The transceiver 508 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 508 may include one or more receiver chains 510, one or more transmitter chains 512, or a combination thereof.
[0109] A receiver chain 510 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 510 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 510 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 510 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 510 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0110] A transmitter chain 512 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 512 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 512 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 512 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0111] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a processor 600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 600 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 600 may include a controller 602 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 600 may optionally include at least one memory 604, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 600 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 606. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0112] The processor 600 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0113] The controller 602 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 600 to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 602 may operate as a control unit of the processor 600, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 600. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0114] The controller 602 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 604 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 602 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 604. The controller 602 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 602 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 600 to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 602 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 600. The controller 602 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 600.
[0115] The memory 604 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 600 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 604 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 600) . In some other implementations, the memory 604 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 600) .
[0116] The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 600, cause the processor 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 602 and / or the processor 600 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 604 to cause the processor 600 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 600 and / or the controller 602 may be coupled with or to the memory 604, the processor 600, the controller 602, and the memory 604 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 600 may include multiple processors and the memory 604 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0117] The one or more ALUs 606 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 606 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 606 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) . One or more ALUs 606 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 606 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 606 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 606 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 606 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0118] The processor 600 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the processor 600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a device, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader; means for receiving, from the device, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling; and means for determining whether the transmission carries padding data in the data reporting, or assisted information for the data reporting in case that the device skips the data reporting. For another example, the processor 600 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the processor 600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a reader communicating with the device, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader; and a means for performing, to the reader, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling, wherein in the case of no data being available for the data reporting, the data reporting is carried in the transmission with padding data, or the data reporting is skipped and assisted information for the data reporting is carried in the transmission.
[0119] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a device 700, e.g., AIoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The AIoT device 700 may include a processor 702, a memory 704, a controller 706, and a transceiver 708. The processor 702, the memory 704, the controller 706, or the transceiver 708, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0120] The processor 702, the memory 704, the controller 706, or the transceiver 708, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0121] The processor 702 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 702 may be configured to operate the memory 704. In some other implementations, the memory 704 may be integrated into the processor 702. The processor 702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the AIoT device 700 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0122] The memory 704 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 702 cause the AIoT device 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memory 704 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0123] In some implementations, the processor 702 and the memory 704 coupled with the processor 702 may be configured to cause the AIoT device 700 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 702, instructions stored in the memory 704) . For example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the AIoT device 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The AIoT device 700 may be configured to support a means for receiving, from a reader communicating with the device, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader; and a means for performing, to the reader, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling, wherein in the case of no data being available for the data reporting, the data reporting is carried in the transmission with padding data, or the data reporting is skipped and assisted information for the data reporting is carried in the transmission.
[0124] The controller 706 may manage input and output signals for the AIoT device 700. The controller 706 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the AIoT device 700. In some implementations, the controller 706 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 706 may be implemented as part of the processor 702.
[0125] In some implementations, the AIoT device 700 may include at least one transceiver 708. In some other implementations, the AIoT device 700 may have more than one transceiver 708. The transceiver 708 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 708 may include one or more receiver chains 710, one or more transmitter chains 712, or a combination thereof.
[0126] A receiver chain 710 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 710 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 710 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 710 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 710 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0127] A transmitter chain 712 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 712 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 712 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 712 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0128] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a reader, e.g., a UE or NE etc., as described herein. In some implementations, the reader may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the reader to perform the described functions.
[0129] At step 801, the method may include transmitting, to a device, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader. The operations of step 801 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 801 may be performed by a reader as described with reference to Figure 5.
[0130] At step 803, the method may include receiving, from the device, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling. The operations of step 803 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 803 may be performed by a reader as described with reference to Figure 5.
[0131] At step 805, the method may include determining whether the transmission carries padding data in the data reporting, or assisted information for the data reporting in case that the device skips the data reporting. The operations of step 805 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 805 may be performed by a reader as described with reference to Figure 5.
[0132] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0133] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a device, e.g., an AIoT device as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions.
[0134] At step 901, the method may include receiving, from a reader communicating with the device, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader. The operations of step 901 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 901 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Figure 7.
[0135] At step 903, the method may include performing, to the reader, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling, wherein in the case of no data being available for the data reporting, the data reporting is carried in the transmission with padding data, or the data reporting is skipped and assisted information for the data reporting is carried in the transmission. The operations of step 903 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 903 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Figure 7.
[0136] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0137] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A device for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the device to:receive, from a reader, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader; andperform, to the reader, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling, wherein in the case of no data being available for the data reporting, the data reporting is carried in the transmission with padding data, or the data reporting is skipped and assisted information for the data reporting is carried in the transmission.2.The device of claim 1, wherein in the case of data to be reported corresponding to the transmission being same as data in a previous data reporting, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the device to:perform, to the reader, the transmission with data in the data reporting; orperform, to the reader, the transmission with assisted information for the data reporting and skip the data reporting.3.The device of claim 1, wherein in the case of data to be reported corresponding to the transmission being different from data in a previous data reporting, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the device to:perform, to the reader, the transmission with data in the data reporting and one or multiple of an indicator indicating presence of the data in the data reporting or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting in the transmission.4.The device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the device to:determine to skip the data reporting in the case that there is an indicator of enabling skipping the data reporting in the scheduling signaling or a high layer signaling of enabling skipping the data reporting is received.5.The device of claim 1, wherein the padding data is previously reported data or random data generated by the device.6.The device of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the device to:carry an indicator associated with data validity in the transmission, indicating whether data in the data reporting is valid or not.7.The device of claim 1, wherein the assisted information comprises an indicator indicating absence of the data reporting in the transmission, or indicating acknowledge of the scheduling signaling, or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting.8.The device of claim 3 or 7, wherein the time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting comprises:a time offset value from a time instance of the data reporting to a time instance of a next data reporting or to a time instance of a next scheduling signaling triggering a next data reporting;a time offset value from a time instance of the scheduling signaling to a time instance of a next scheduling signaling triggering a next data reporting or to a time instance of a next data reporting;a periodicity adjustment value for the subsequent data reporting; ora periodicity value for the subsequent data reporting.9.A reader for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the reader to:transmit, to a device, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader;receive, from the device, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling; anddetermine whether the transmission carries padding data in the data reporting, or assisted information for the data reporting in case that the device skips the data reporting.10.The reader of claim 9, wherein the data reporting is associated with one or multiple of an indicator indicating presence of the data in the data reporting or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting.11.The reader of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the reader to:include an indicator for enabling skipping the data reporting in the scheduling signaling includes; ortransmit, to the device, a high layer signaling for enabling skipping the data reporting.12.The reader of claim 9, wherein the padding data is previously reported data or random data generated by the device.13.The reader of claim 12, wherein the transmission is associated with an indicator indicating whether data in the data reporting is valid or not.14.The reader of claim 9, wherein the assisted information comprises an indicator indicating absence of the data reporting in the transmission, or indicating acknowledge of the scheduling signaling, or time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting.15.The reader of claim 14, wherein the time instance adjustment for subsequent data reporting comprises:a time offset value from a time instance of the data reporting to a time instance of a next data reporting or to a time instance of a next scheduling signaling triggering a next data reporting;a time offset value from a time instance of the scheduling signaling to a time instance of a next scheduling signaling triggering a next data reporting or to a time instance of a next data reporting;a periodicity adjustment value for the subsequent data reporting; ora periodicity value for the subsequent data reporting.16.A method performed by a device for wireless communication, comprising:receiving, from a reader, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader; andperforming, to the reader, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling, wherein in the case of no data being available for the data reporting, the data reporting is carried in the transmission with padding data, or the data reporting is skipped and assisted information for the data reporting is carried in the transmission.17.A method performed by a reader for wireless communication, comprising:performing, to a device, a scheduling signaling for triggering a transmission for a data reporting from the device to the reader;receiving, from the device, the transmission based on the scheduling signaling; anddetermining whether the transmission carries padding data in the data reporting, or assisted information for the data reporting in case that the device skips the data reporting.
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