An antibody drug conjugate with opened rings of thiosuccinimides, its preparation and application thereof
ADCs with dual open-ring thiosuccinimides, prepared via hydrolysis at mild pH, address instability and heterogeneity issues, achieving stable, homogeneous conjugates with improved pharmacokinetics and antitumor efficacy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/075676
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-05-22
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) face issues with instability in the bloodstream due to retro Michael addition reactions, leading to off-target toxicity and heterogeneous mixtures with sub-optimal pharmacokinetics, stability, tolerability, and efficacy.
Development of ADCs with dual open-ring structures of thiosuccinimides, prepared through hydrolysis of thiosuccinimide conjugates at mild pH conditions, allowing for stable bioconjugates with reduced off-target toxicity and homogeneous conjugation, achieved by cross-linking between antibody heavy-light chains or Fab regions.
The ADCs with dual open-ring structures exhibit prolonged half-life, targeted delivery, and reduced off-target toxicity, demonstrating improved pharmacokinetic profiles and enhanced antitumor activity in various cancer models.
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Abstract
Description
AN ANTIBODY DRUG CONJUGATE WITH OPENED RINGS OF THIOSUCCINIMIDES, ITS PREPARATION AND APPLICATION THEREOF
[0001] INFORMATION OF PRIORITY
[0002] The present application claims the benefit of PCT / CN2024 / 094651 field on May 22th, 2024, which is incorporated herein reference.FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present invention relates to preparation of a stable drug conjugate containing one or two opened ring structures of thiosuccinimides linked to an antibody or an antibody-like protein. In particular, it relates to the homogenous preparation and therapeutic use of the stable conjugates.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have become as a promising class of cancer therapeutics. The structure of an ADC comprises an antibody (mAb) , a chemical linker, and a cytotoxic drug (Kumari S, et al, Arch Pharm Res. 2024, 47 (1) : 40-65; Dumontet C, et al, Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2023, 22 (8) : 641-661) . This molecular design combines the target specificity and long circulation half-life of an antibody with the high cytotoxic potency of antitumor agents that are too toxic for standalone use through a function linker. Thus, among the 3 key components of an ADC, the chemical linker is widely believed to plays an important role on product stability and biological activity (Hafeez U, et al, Molecules. 2020, 25 (20) : 4764) . For clinical use, an ideal linker must be stable in nontargeted tissues or during circulation to avoid quick releasing and therefore off-target toxicity. So far there are three chemical linkers including hydrazine (sensitive to low pH) , disulfide (labile to reducing compounds) , and peptide (susceptible to protease) have been used in commercial ADC products (Hafeez U., et al, Molecules 2020, 25, 4764; Phuna Z, et al, Life Sci. 2024, 347, 122676; Wakankar A., et al, mAbs. 2011, 3 (2) : 161-172) . The approved ADCs are conjugated to an antibody through a linker containing a reactive N-succinimidyl carboxylate group to lysine residue or a reactive maleimide group to cysteine residue in an antibody. As of my last update in late June 2024, 11 of the 15 approved ADCs are used cysteine-based conjugation methods, due to its superiority to lysine-based conjugation in terms of controlled DAR and heterogeneity, plus the distinct reactivity of the thiol group with maleimide terminal of a linker (Wang, Y., et al Drug Deliv. 2022; 29 (1) : 754–766) . However, ADCs formed with traditional N-alkyl maleimides have variable stability in the bloodstream because of retro Michael addition reaction leading to loss of drug (Christie, R., et al, J Control Release. 2015; 220 (Pt B) : 660-70) and then cause serious off-target toxicity (Nguyen, T.D., et al. Cancers (Basel) . 2023; 15 (3) : 713) . To solve the insufficient stability of thiosuccinimide-containing ADCs (Ravasco et al., Chemistry 2019; 25: 43–59) , great efforts were towards generating a stable open ring form thiosuccinimide under physiological conditions, which is resistant to elimination of the thiosuccinimide bond (t1 / 2 >2 years) (Fontaine et al., Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26: 145–52) . Unfortunately, stable open ring form thiosuccinimide via hydrolysis under physiological conditions is still difficult to achieve due to the weak reactivity of the maleic acid amide group (Ryan et al., Chem Commun 2011, 47: 5452–4; Wang, Y., et al, Drug Deliv. 2022; 29 (1) : 754–766) . Even so-called mild method for succinimide hydrolysis on ADCs was still required at 37 ℃, pH 9.2 for 24 hours (Tumey, L.N., et al, Bioconjug Chem. 2014, 25 (10) : 1871-80) , and at such high pH conditions, most antibodies and ADCs are unstable in general at all.
[0005] Moreover, the heterogeneous mixtures of early generation ADCs were found to have sub-optimal pharmacokinetics, stability, tolerability and / or efficacy. For instance, homogeneous conjugation at an optimal drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) demonstrated the improved efficiency in payload delivery to intracranial GBM tumors, leading to substantially extended survival of animals (Anami, Y., et al, Cell Rep. 2022, 39 (8) : 110839) . Lots of efforts have now shifted towards generating homogeneous constructs with precise drug loading and predetermined, controlled sites of attachment. A wide range of methods have been developed in the pursuit of homogeneity, comprising chemical or enzymatic methods or a combination thereof to afford precise modification of specific amino acid or sugar residues (Walsh, S.J., et al, Chem. Soc. Rev. Chem Soc Rev. 2021; 50 (2) : 1305-1353; Akkapeddi, P. et al, Chem Sci. 2016; 7 (5) : 2954-2963) .
[0006] We invented an ADC with a linker containing dual open-ring groups of thiosuccinimides, which were prepared from the dual open-ring groups of thiosuccinimide analogs or dual open-ring forms of thiomaleimide analogs accordingly (WO / 2018 / 185526, WO2020 / 073345) . Here it this patent application, we invent an ADC having a linkage of mono-or dual-open-ring structures of thiosuccinimides, which can be prepared from a close-ring of thiosuccinimide analogs (substituted thiosuccinimides) accordingly through the simple hydrolysis at mild pH condition. Thus, the ADCs with the open-ring structures of thiosuccinimide analogs can prevent from retro-Michael deconjugation, leading to form a stable bioconjugate. In addition, The ADCs with the dual opened ring groups of thiosuccinimide analogs can be prepared homogenously as an intact / non-reduced form since they can be specifically or mainly cross-linked between heavy-light chains of an antibody (mAb) , or in the mAb Fab region, or / and at the upper level of disulfides in the mAb hinge region through the controlled thiol-maleimide bioconjugation and following by hydrolysis, resulting in having prolonger half-life in the targeted delivery and less the off-target toxicity of the ADCs than those of the ADCs having the traditional close ring groups of thiosuccinimides.
[0007] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention provides the preparation of an antibody–drug conjugate of Formula (Ib) , (Id) and (Ig) containing one or two open-ring groups of thiosuccinimides via hydrolysis of the one or two five-member rings of thiosuccinimide conjugates of Formula (Ia) , (Ic) and (Ii) , respectively, as illustrated in the following hydrolysis reaction equations (I) , (II) , and (III) :
[0009] Wherein the hydrolysis reactions are conducted at mild conditions of pH 5.5 ~ 8.0 containing a Lewis base, at temperature of 20 ℃ ~40 ℃, for 15 min ~ 144 hours.
[0010] Wherein is single bond, double bond or absent, the bond in the middle means that it links either one of the neighbor groups;
[0011] Wherein Drug1 and Drug2 are independently a cytotoxic agent or cytotoxic drug; mAb is an antibody, an antibody like protein or a cell-binding protein; n, n’, n”, n1’, n2’, n3’ and n4’ are independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, and these numbers may have a decimal; n2 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; n3 is 0, 1, or 2, and when n3 is 0, it means that the contents in curly brackets are absent;
[0012] Wherein n = n’+ n”; n + n’= n1’+ n2’+ n3’+ n4’;
[0013] Wherein Y1 and Y2, are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, CH, CH2, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , N (R3) N (R3’) , C (=O) , C (=O) N, C (=O) NH, OC (=O) NH, NHC (=O) O, C (=O) N-N, S (O) 2, S (O) , S (O2) NH, NH (SO2) NH, or a natural or unnatural amino acid;
[0014] Wherein X1 and X2, are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, CH, CH2, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , and N (R3) N (R3’) ; when is single bond, X1 and X2, are independently selected from, N, CH, N-NH, and N-N; when is double bond, X1 and X2, are CH; when is absent, X1 and X2, are O, S, CH2, NH, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , and N (R3) N (R3’) ; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H or C1-C8 of alkyl;
[0015] Wherein X’ is NH, O, ONH, or NHNH; and preferably X’ is O, ONH and NHNH;
[0016] Wherein L1 and L2, are a linker, which are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , N (R3) N (R3’) , C (=O) N, C (=O) NH, C (=O) N-N, C1-C8 of alkyl (alkylene) ; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl; or 2-8 carbon atoms of esters, ether, amide, aminoalkylcarboxyl or oxylalkylcarboxyl; or 1~8 natural or unnatural amino acids described in the definition; or polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (OCH2CH2) pOR3, or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) pOR3, or NH (CH2CH2O) pR3, or NH (CH2CH (CH3) O) pR3, or N [ (CH2CH2O) pR3] [ (CH2CH2O) p’R3’] , or (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, or CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, wherein p and p’ are independently an integer selected from 0 to about 100, or combination thereof; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H, C (=O) H, C (=O) CH3, C1-C8 of alkyl; or combination above thereof;
[0017] Wherein Rj is H, C1-C8 of alkyl (alkylene) ; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalky, alkylcarboxylate, alkylester, aminoalkyl, alkylamide or amidoalkyl, alkylalcohol, alkylether; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (CH2CH2O) pR3, (CH2CH (CH3) ) pOR3, or NH (CH2CH2O) pR3, or NH (CH2CH (CH3) O) pR3, or N [ (CH2CH2O) pR3] [ (CH2CH2O) p’R3’] , or (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, or CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, wherein p and p’ are independently an integer selected from 0 to about 100, or combination thereof; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H, C (=O) H, C (=O) CH3, OH, NH2, C1-C8 of alkyl; or combination above thereof; Preferably Rj is H, C1-C8 of alkyl, CH2OH, CH2CH2COOH, CH2COOH, CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2, CH2CH2CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, CH2CH2CH2CH2N (CH2CH2CH3) 2, CH2C6H5, CH2C6H4OH, CH2C3H3N2, CH (OH) CH3, CH2CONH2, CH2CH2CONH2, CH2CH2SCH3, CH2CH2CH2NHC (=NH2) NH2;
[0018] Wherein Rk is H, C1-C8 of alkyl (alkylene) ; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalky, alkylcarboxylate, alkylester, aminoalkyl, alkylamide or amidoalkyl, alkylalcohol, alkylether; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (CH2CH2O) pR3, (CH2CH (CH3) ) pOR3, or NH (CH2CH2O) pR3, or NH (CH2CH (CH3) O) pR3, or N [ (CH2CH2O) pR3] [ (CH2CH2O) p’R3’] , or (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, or CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, wherein p and p’ are independently an integer selected from 0 to about 100, or combination thereof; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H, C (=O) H, C (=O) CH3, OH, NH2, C1-C8 of alkyl; or combination above thereof;
[0019] Wherein X1 and X2, are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, CH, CH2, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , and N (R3) N (R3’) ; when is single bond, X1 and X2, are independently selected from, N, CH, N-NH, and N-N; when is double bond, X1 and X2, are CH; when is absent, X1 and X2, are CH2, NH, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , and N (R3) N (R3’) ; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H or C1-C8 of alkyl.
[0020] Wherein the Lewis base is a compound containing amino, oxylamino, polyamino, or hydrazineyl group, which in general is selected from C1-C8 of alkylhydrazine, hydrazineylalkyl-γ-ol, γ- (aminooxy) alkyl-1-ol, γ- (aminooxy) alkyl-1-amine, hydrazineylalkyl-γ-amine, O, O'- (alkyl-1, γ-diyl) bis (hydroxylamine) , alkyl amine or heteroalkyl amine; C2-C8 of alkylcycloalkyl amine, heterocycloalkyl amine; C3-C8 of aryl amine, Ar-alkyl amine, heterocyclic amine, carbocyclic amine, cycloalkyl amine, heteroalkylcycloalkyl amine, alkylcarbonyl amine, heteroaryl amine; Cl-, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, hydrazineyl-polyetheleneglycol ( (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pH, (NH2O (CH2CH2O) pCH3, ( (NH2O (CH2CH2O) pH, or (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pCH3, p = 1~100) , or a natural or unnatural amino acid, such as lysine a described in the definition, counted by anions of Cl-, F-, PO3-4, (C (O) O-) 2, (CH2COO-) 2, HOC (COO-) (CH2COO-) 2, at the neutral (pH 6.5 ~7.5) condition;
[0021] More preferably, the Lewis base is a compound containing primary amino, oxylamino or hydrazineyl group, and is selected from NH2OH, NH2NH2, alkylhydrazine, hydrazineylalkyl-γ-ol, hydrazineyl-polyetheleneglycol ( (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pH, or (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pCH3, p = 1~100) , hydroxyethylamine, bis (hydroxyethyl) amine, and tri (hydroxyethyl) amine, counted by anions of Cl-, F-, PO3-4, CH3COO-, (C (O) O-) 2, (CH2COO-) 2, HOC (COO-) (CH2COO-) 2, at the neutral (pH = 6.5 ~7.5) condition.
[0022] In an embodiment of the present invention, the prepared the antibody-drug conjugate with two terminal groups of open ring forms of thiosuccinimides of Formula (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) , wherein n3 is 0, are represented by Formula (Ib-1a) , (Ib-1b) , (Ib-1c) , (Ib-1d) , (Ib-1f) , (Ib-2a) , (Ib-2b) , and (Ib-2c) :
[0023] wherein Drug1, Drug2, Y1, Y2, L1, L2, X1, X2, X’, Rk, mAb and n are the same as described above.
[0024] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the prepared the antibody-drug conjugate with one or two open-ring forms of thiosuccinimides of Formula (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) , wherein n3 is 0, X’ is O, Rk is H, are represented by Formula (Ib-1g) , (Ib-1h) , (Ib-1i) , (Ib-2d) , (Ib-2e) and (Ib-2f) :
[0025] Wherein, Drug1, Drug2, Y1, Y2, L1, L2, X1, X2, mAb and n are the same as described above.
[0026] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the proportion of the full opened ring forms of thiosuccinimides of Formula (Ib-1) , (Id-1) or (Ig-1) vs the mono opened-ring forms of thiosuccinimides of Formula (Ib-2) , (Id-2) or (Ig-2) accordingly in the hydrolysis mixture of the ADCs, as well the subordinate Formula (Ib-1a) and (Ib-1b) vs (Ib-2) ; Formula (Ib-1c) and (Ib-1d) vs (Ib-2b) ; Formula (Ib-1e) and (Ib-1f) vs (Ib-2c) ; Formula (Ib-1g) vs (Ib-2d) ; Formula (Ib-1h) vs (Ib-2e) ; or Formula (Ib-1i) vs (Ib-2f) ; is over 2: 1; preferably over 3: 1; more preferably over 4: 1; further more preferably over 5: 1.
[0027] In another embodiments, the present invention further relates to a method of making homogenous conjugates of Formula (Ib) , I (d) and (Ig) via the intermediate conjugates of Formula (Ia) , (Ic) , and (Ii) from payload / linker complexes of Formula (Hd) , (Ih) , and (Ih) and (Ij) , respectively, as illustrated in the following reaction Equations (IV) , (V) and (VI) :
[0028] Wherein the first step of antibody conjugation reaction is conducted with a Zn2+ or zinc / alkyl-amino complex (such as Zn11) , reduction agent (TCEP) at 0 ~ 10 ℃, pH 5.0 ~ 8.0 for 8 ~ 48 hours.
[0029] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention further relates to a method of making the conjugatable compounds of Formula (Hd) from Formula (Ha) , (Hb) and (Hc) , and the conjugatable compounds of Formula (Ih) from Formula (Ha) , and (He) as illustrated in the following reaction (VII) and (VIII) :
[0030] Wherein, in reaction equation of (VII) , the terminal Lv3-L03-of compound (Ha) and the terminal Lv1-L01-of compound (Hc) is condensated to form L1, and the terminal Lv4-L04-of compound (Hb) and the terminal Lv2-L02-of compound Hc is condensated to form L2; In reaction equation of (VIII) , the terminal Lv3-L03-of compound (Ha) and the terminal Lv1-L01-of compound (He) is condensated to form L1 of Formula (VIII) ; wherein, Drug1, Drug2, Y1, Y2, L1, L2, X1, X2, mAb, n and n’ in Formula (I) ~ (VIII) are the same as described above.
[0031] The present invention also relates to the compositions comprising the foregoing antibody-drug conjugates of formula (Ib (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) ) , (Id (Id-1 and Id-2) ) , (Ib ( (Ib-1a) , (Ib-1b) , (Ib-1c) , (Ib-1d) , (Ib-1f) , (Ib-2a) , (Ib-2b) , and (Ib-2c) ) ) , (Ib-1g) , (Ib-1h) , (Ib-1i) , (Ib-2d) , (Ib-2e) , (Ib-2f) , (Id (Id-1) and (Id-2) ) , and (Ig (Ig-1) and (Ig-2) ) , and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and methods of the targeted treatment of various cancers and refractory diseases.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] Figure 1~130 shows the synthesis of cytotoxic drug / linker complexes of the patent.
[0033] Figure 131 shows the HPLC-MS analysis of the conjugation reactions of bis-maleimido compounds of Formula 411, 878 and 1043 with a mAb and the following-by hydrolysis of the ADCs of Formula O-411, O-879 and O-1047 accordingly. After the conjugations are complete:
[0034] Line 1: the hydrolysis of the conjugate of anti-DLL3 antibody-compound 878 was conducted at pH 7.4, 30 ℃ for 12 hours, and it demonstrated that less than 40%of the dual-thiosuccinimido rings were opened;
[0035] Line 2: the hydrolysis of the conjugate of anti-DLL3 antibody-compound 878 was conducted at pH 7.4, 30 ℃ for 36 hours, and it demonstrated that about 72%of the dual-thiosuccinimido rings were fully opened;
[0036] Line 3: the hydrolysis of the conjugate of anti-DLL3 antibody-compound 878 was conducted at pH 7.4, 30 ℃ for 48 hours, and it demonstrated that about 87%of the dual-thiosuccinimido rings were fully opened;
[0037] Line 4: the hydrolysis of the conjugate of anti-DLL3 antibody-compound 878 was conducted at pH 7.4, 30 ℃ with addition of 20 eq. of (2, 5, 8, 11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl) hydrazine (H (CH2OCH2) 4CH2NHNH2) for 16 hours, and it demonstrated that about 65%of the dual-thiosuccinimido rings were fully opened;
[0038] Line 5: the hydrolysis of the conjugate of anti-DLL3 antibody-compound 878 was conducted at pH 7.4, 30 ℃ with addition of 20 eq. of H (CH2OCH2) 4CH2NHNH2 for 24 hours, and it demonstrated that about 99%of the dual-thiosuccinimido rings were fully opened;
[0039] Line 6: the hydrolysis of the conjugate of anti-DLL3 antibody-compound 878 was conducted at pH 7.4, 30 ℃ with addition of 20 eq. of NH2NH (CH2CH2OCH2) 4CH2NHNH2 for 16 hours, and it demonstrated that about 99%of the dual-thiosuccinimido rings were fully opened;
[0040] Line 7: the hydrolysis of the conjugate of anti-B7H3 antibody-compound 411 was conducted at pH 7.4, 30 ℃ with addition of 20 eq. of NH2NH (CH2CH2OCH2) 4CH2NHNH2 for 16 hours, and it demonstrated that about 99%of the dual-thiosuccinimido rings were fully opened;
[0041] Line 8: the hydrolysis of the conjugate of anti-EGFR / Muc1 bispecific antibody-compound 439 was conducted at pH 7.4, 30 ℃ with addition of 20 eq. of NH2NH (CH2CH2OCH2) 4CH2NHNH2 for 16 hours, and it demonstrated that about 99%of the dual-thiosuccinimido rings were fully opened;
[0042] Line 9: the hydrolysis of the conjugate of anti-cMet antibody-compound 908 was conducted at pH 7.4, 30 ℃ with addition of 20 eq. of NH2NH (CH2CH2OCH2) 4CH2NHNH2 for 16 hours, and it demonstrated that about 99%of the dual-thiosuccinimido rings were fully opened;
[0043] Line 10: the hydrolysis of the conjugate of anti-Mesothelin antibody-compound 1024 was conducted at pH 7.4, 30 ℃ with addition of 20 eq. of NH2NH (CH2CH2OCH2) 4CH2NHNH2 for 16 hours, and it demonstrated that about 99%of the dual-thiosuccinimido rings were fully opened.
[0044] Figure 132 shows the HIC-HPLC analysis of the conjugation reactions of an anti-5T4 antibody with bis-maleimido compound 101 at DAR (drug / antibody ratio) = 4.0, and the following-by complete hydrolysis of the ADC of Formula O-101. It demonstrated that the D4 (crossed-linked between heavy-light chains) of the ADC was above 80%. DAR = 4.2, ratios in the figure are D0: 0.19%. D2: 4, 32; D4: 83.53%; D6: 7.61%; D8: 4.35%.
[0045] Figure 133 shows the HIC-HPLC analysis of the conjugation reactions of a bis-maleimido compound with an antibody at DAR 4.0 and the following-by complete hydrolysis of the ADCs. All four reactions demonstrated that the D4 (four drugs in the 2 pairs of dual opened succinimido groups crossed-linked between heavy-light chains) was above 80%:
[0046] Line 1: the anti-AXL antibody -compound 101 conjugate (O-101) ,
[0047] Line 2: the anti-Folate antibody -compound 200 conjugate (O-200) ,
[0048] Line 3: the anti-EGFR / Muc1 bispecific antibody -compound 454 conjugate (O-454) ,
[0049] Line 4: the anti-DLL3 antibody -compound 751 conjugate (O-751) .
[0050] Figure 134 shows the HIC-HPLC (with 2D HPLC function linked to MS) and MS to analysis of EGFR / Muc1 bispecific antibody-compound 101 after the hydrolysis reaction (Conjugate O-101) . The results provide that peak-1 is D0 (naked antibody) , peak-2 is D2, peak-3 is D4, peak-4 is D4 with carbohydrates attached, peak-5 is D6, peak-6 is D8, and the opened bis-succinimido groups are well cross-linked in heavy-light chains and heavy-heavy chain of the bispecific antibody.
[0051] Figure 135 shows that methods were applied to analysis the carbohydrates in ADC. 1. and 2. Reduction of HC and LC chains and digest with IdeS for MS; 3. Glycopeptide Mapping with HPLC; 4. Zipchip CE-MS Subunit MS.
[0052] Figure 136 shows that using compound 478 as an example, the bis-maleimido / bis-succinimido conjugation and then hydrolysis can achieve either high D4 or high D6 ratio of ADCs, which were confirmed by HIC-HPLC and the 2D HPLC-MS.
[0053] DAR 4 figure: D0: 4.18%, D2: 5.21%, D4: 79.87, D6: 6.63, D8: 4.11; DAR =4.02;
[0054] DAR 6 figure: D2: 0.59%; D4: 7.03%, D6: 79.79%; D8: 12.58; DAR =6.09.
[0055] Figure 137 shows that the hydrolysis process of EGFR / Muc1 bispecific antibody conjugate of O-106 with DAR=4.0 at pH 7.0, 32 ℃ at 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 56, 62, 74, 96-hour was monitored by MS (12, 24 and 96-hour points were not shown here) . It demonstrated that after 48-hour hydrolysis, the full opened bis-thiosuccinimido rings attached in Muc1 side and EGFR side were reached to 85.8%(70.3 + 15.5%) and 84.5% (65%+ 19.5%) respectively, and the mono opened bis-thiosuccinimido rings attached in Muc1 side and EGFR side were 14.1%and 15.6%respectively.
[0056] Figure 138 shows the monitoring hydrolysis process of EGFR / Muc1 bispecific antibody conjugate of O-106 with DAR=4.1 at pH 7.1, 30 ℃ at 24, 36, 48, 62, 76, 96-hour by MS (24, 36 and 96-hour points were not shown here) . It demonstrated that after 48-hour hydrolysis, the full opened bis-thiosuccinimido rings attached in Muc1 side (top) and EGFR side were reached to 87.6% (70.5 +17.1%) and 86.4% (65.9%+ 20.5%) respectively.
[0057] Figure 139 shows the analysis of conjugate O-517 (DXC1) , O-454 (DXC2) and O-751 (DXC3) with an anti-AXL antibody at DAR =4.0 by both none reduced CE-SDS and reduced CE-SDS. It demonstrated that the three conjugate were well cross-linked between both heavy-light chains of the antibody.
[0058] Figure 140 shows the analysis of conjugate O-1011 with an anti-folate antibody (top line) , anti-Mesothelin antibody (middle) and anti 5T4 antibody at DAR ~4 by both reduced CE-SDS and none reduced CE-SDS. It demonstrated that the three conjugate were well cross-linked (about 85%) between both heavy-light chains of the antibodies.
[0059] Reduced CE-SDS (top) : LC0: ~1.5%, LC1: ~1.6%, HC: ~7.1%, HL: ~85.2%, HH: ~2.8%, HHL: ~0.4%, IgG: ~1.2%;
[0060] None Reduced CE-SDS: LC: ~2.0%, HC: ~1.6%, HL: ~2.6%, HH: ~3.0%, HHL: ~6.7%, IgG: ~84.2%.
[0061] Figure 141 shows the pictures of the treated mice and their carried solid tumors after 40 days contrast in vivo activities of NCI-H1975 Xenograft Tumor models between the open bis-thiosuccinimide linked conjugates and the none opened bis-thiosuccinimide linked conjugates. In groups 2, 4, 5 and 6, each animal was given a single injection of 2.0 mg / Kg of EGFR / cMet antibody conjugate after the tumor was reached to average 150 mm3; Group 1 was the PBS buffer as a control. Group 3 was also control, and each animal was given once the mixture of the bispecific antibody (2.0 mg / Kg) and exatecan (0.1 mg / Kg) at pH 7.0. Group 2: each animal was given 2.0 mg / Kg of conjugate 410; Group 4: each animal was given 2.0 mg / Kg of conjugate O-409; Group 5: each animal was given 2.0 mg / Kg of conjugate UO-1011; Group 6: each animal was given 2.0 mg / Kg of conjugate O-1011; In comparison, Group 2 vs Group 4, and Group 5 vs Group 6, the open bis-thiosuccinimide linked conjugates inhibited better and longer the tumor growth than the none opened ones.
[0062] Figure 142 shows the antitumor activities in vivo of bispecific EGFR / Muc1-ADCs against pancreatic cancer cells, CFPAC-1, Xenograft model, in single injection. All conjugates in the figure 142 of the present patent demonstrated better antitumor activities than the conjugates with the GGFG-Dxd payload / linker complex (traditional unopened thiosuccinimide linkage) .
[0063] Figure 143 shows the antitumor activities in vivo of bispecific EGFR / cMet-ADCs against none small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, NCI-A549, Xenograft model, in single injection. All conjugates listed in the figure 143 of the present patent demonstrated better antitumor activities than the conjugates with the GGFG-Dxd payload / linker complex.
[0064] Figure 144 shows the antitumor activities in vivo of B7H3-ADCs against prostate cancer cells, NCI-C4-2B, Xenograft model, in single injection. All conjugates listed in the figure 144 of the present patent demonstrated better antitumor activities than the conjugates with the GGFG-Dxd payload / linker complex.
[0065] Figure 145 shows the PK profiles in mice of anti-AXL antibody conjugates of O-101 (O-101a and O-101b with ratio 5: 1) , O-411 (O-411c and O-411d with ratio 5: 1) , O-1022, UO-1022 (unopened thiosuccinimide (control) and GGFG-Dxd. All DAR = ~4.0) . The detail PK data were listed in table 3. It demonstrated that the conjugates listed in the figure 145 of the present patent had better PK profiles than the conjugates with both the well-known payload / linker complex of GGFG-Dxd; and the (un-opened) thiosuccinimido ADC (UO-1022) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0066] DEFINITIONS
[0067] “Alkyl” refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or univalent groups derived from alkane by removal of one or two hydrogen atoms from carbon atoms. It may be straight or branched having C1-C8 (1 to 8 carbon atoms) in the chain. “Branched” means that one or more lower C numbers of alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl are attached to a linear alkyl chain. Exemplary alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 3-pentyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 2, 2-dimethylbutyl, 2, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2, 2-dimethylpentyl, 2, 3-dimethylpentyl, 3, 3-dimethylpentyl, 2, 3, 4-trimethylpentyl, 3-methyl-hexyl, 2, 2-dimethylhexyl, 2, 4-dimethylhexyl, 2, 5-dimethylhexyl, 3, 5-dimethylhexyl, 2, 4-dimethylpentyl, 2-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, n-octyl, and isooctyl. A C1-C8 alkyl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, -C1-C8 alkyl, -O- (C1-C8 alkyl) , -aryl, -C (O) R', -OC (O) R', -C (O) OR', -C (O) NH2, -C (O) NHR', -C (O) N (R') 2, -NHC (O) R', -SR', -S (O) 2R', -S (O) R', -OH, -halogen, -N3, -NH2, -NH (R') , -N (R') 2 and -CN; where each R' is independently selected from -C1-C8 alkyl and aryl. When the alkyl group is inserted in the middle of a group, such as in a middle of a linker, thus the “alkyl” means “alkylene” group in this application.
[0068] “Halogen” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom; preferably fluorine and chlorine atom.
[0069] “Heteroalkyl” refers to C2-C8 alkyl in which one to four carbon atoms are independently replaced with a heteroatom from the group consisting of O, S and N.
[0070] “Carbocycle” refers to a saturated or unsaturated ring having 3 to 8 carbon atoms as a monocycle or 7 to 13 carbon atoms as a bicycle. Monocyclic carbocycles have 3 to 6 ring atoms, more typically 5 or 6 ring atoms. Bicyclic carbocycles have 7 to 12 ring atoms, arranged as a bicycle [4, 5] , [5, 5] , [5, 6] or [6, 6] system, or 9 or 10 ring atoms arranged as a bicycle [5, 6] or [6, 6] system. Representative C3-C8 carbocycles include, but are not limited to, -cyclopropyl, -cyclobutyl, -cyclopentyl, -cyclopentadienyl, -cyclohexyl, -cyclohexenyl, -1, 3-cyclohexadienyl, -1, 4-cyclohexadienyl, -cycloheptyl, -1, 3-cycloheptadienyl, -1, 3, 5-cycloheptatrienyl, -cyclooctyl, and -cyclooctadienyl.
[0071] A “C3-C8 carbocycle” refers to a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-membered saturated or unsaturated nonaromatic carbocyclic ring. A C3-C8 carbocycle group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, -C1-C8 alkyl, -O- (C1-C8 alkyl) , -aryl, -C (O) R', -OC (O) R', -C (O) OR', -C (O) NH2, -C (O) NHR', -C (O) N (R') 2, -NHC (O) R', -SR', -S (O) R', -S (O) 2R', -OH, -halogen, -N3, -NH2, -NH (R') , -N (R') 2 and -CN; where each R'is independently selected from -C1-C8 alkyl and aryl.
[0072] “Alkenyl” refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a carbon-carbon double bond which may be straight or branched having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the chain. Exemplary alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, i-butenyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, n-pentenyl, hexylenyl, heptenyl, octenyl.
[0073] “Alkynyl” refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a carbon-carbon triple bond which may be straight or branched having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the chain. Exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, n-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-methylbutynyl, 5-pentynyl, n-pentynyl, hexylynyl, heptynyl, and octynyl.
[0074] “Alkylene” refers to a saturated, branched or straight chain or cyclic hydrocarbon radical of 1-18 carbon atoms, and having two monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkane. Typical alkylene radicals include, but are not limited to: methylene (-CH2-) , 1, 2-ethyl (-CH2CH2-) , 1, 3-propyl (-CH2CH2CH2-) , 1, 4-butyl (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-) , and the like.
[0075] “Alkenylene” refers to an unsaturated, branched, or straight chain or cyclic hydrocarbon radical of 2-18 carbon atoms, and having two monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkene. Typical alkenylene radicals include, but are not limited to: 1, 2-ethylene (-CH=CH-) .
[0076] “Alkynylene” refers to an unsaturated, branched, or straight chain or cyclic hydrocarbon radical of 2-18 carbon atoms, and having two monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkyne. Typical alkynylene radicals include, but are not limited to: acetylene, propargyl and 4-pentynyl.
[0077] “Aryl” or Ar refers to an aromatic or hetero aromatic group, composed of one or several rings, comprising three to fourteen carbon atoms, preferentially six to ten carbon atoms. The term of “hetero aromatic group” refers one or several carbon on aromatic group, preferentially one, two, three or four carbon atoms are replaced by O, N, Si, Se, P or S, preferentially by O, S, and N. The term aryl or Ar also refers to an aromatic group, wherein one or several H atoms are replaced independently by -R’, -halogen, -OR’, or -SR’, -NR’R”, -N=NR’, -N=R’, -NR’R”, -NO2, -S (O) R’, -S (O) 2R’, -S (O) 2OR’, -OS (O) 2OR’, -PR’R”, -P (O) R’R”, -P (OR’) (OR”) , -P (O) (OR’) (OR”) or -OP (O) (OR’) (OR”) wherein R’, R” are independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, carbonyl, or pharmaceutical salts.
[0078] “Heterocycle” refers to a ring system in which one to four of the ring carbon atoms are independently replaced with a heteroatom from the group of O, N, S, Se, B, Si and P. Preferable heteroatoms are O, N and S. Heterocycles are also described in The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 78th Edition, CRC Press, Inc., 1997-1998, p. 225 to 226, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Preferred nonaromatic heterocyclic include epoxy, aziridinyl, thiiranyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxiranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyranyl, imidazolinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, dihydropyridyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, dihydrothiopyranyl, azepanyl, as well as the fused systems resulting from the condensation with a phenyl group.
[0079] The term “heteroaryl” or aromatic heterocycles refers to a 3 to 14, preferably 5 to 10 membered aromatic hetero, mono-, bi-, or multi-cyclic ring. Examples include pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, purinyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, furanyl, benzofuranyl, 1, 2, 4-thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoquinolyl, benzothienyl, isobenzofuryl, pyrazolyl, carbazolyl, benzimidazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl-N-oxide, as well as the fused systems resulting from the condensation with a phenyl group.
[0080] “Alkyl “, “cycloalkyl “, “alkenyl “, “alkynyl “, “aryl “, “heteroaryl “, “heterocyclic” and the like refer also to the corresponding “alkylene “, “cycloalkylene “, “alkenylene “, “alkynylene “, “arylene “, “heteroarylene “, “heterocyclene” and the likes which are formed by the removal of two hydrogen atoms.
[0081] “Arylalkyl” refers to an acyclic alkyl radical in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom, typically a terminal or sp3 carbon atom, is replaced with an aryl radical. Typical arylalkyl groups include, benzyl, 2-phenylethan-1-yl, 2-phenylethen-1-yl, naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylethan-1-yl, 2-naphthylethen-1-yl, naphthobenzyl, 2-naphthophenylethan-1-yl and the like.
[0082] “Heteroarylalkyl” refers to an acyclic alkyl radical in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom, typically a terminal or sp3 carbon atom, is replaced with a heteroaryl radical. Examples of heteroarylalkyl groups are 2-benzimidazolylmethyl, 2-furylethyl.
[0083] Examples of a “hydroxyl protecting group” includes, methoxymethyl ether, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl ether, tetrahydropyranyl ether, benzyl ether, p-methoxybenzyl ether, trimethylsilyl ether, triethylsilyl ether, triisopropylsilyl ether, t-butyldimethylsilyl ether, triphenylmethylsilyl ether, acetate ester, substituted acetate esters, pivaloate, benzoate, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate.
[0084] “Leaving group” refers to a functional group that can be substituted by another functional group. Such leaving groups are well known in the art, and examples include, a halide (e.g., chloride, bromide, and iodide) , methanesulfonyl (mesyl) , p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) , trifluoro-methylsulfonyl (triflate) , and trifluoromethylsulfonate. A preferred leaving group is selected from nitrophenol; N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ; phenol; dinitrophenol; pentafluorophenol; tetrafluorophenol; difluorophenol; monofluorophenol; pentachlorophenol; triflate; imidazole; dichlorophenol; tetrachlorophenol; 1-hydroxybenzotriazole; tosylate; mesylate; 2-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3′-sulfonate, anhydrides formed its self, or formed with the other anhydride, e.g. acetyl anhydride, formyl anhydride; or an intermediate molecule generated with a condensation reagent for peptide coupling reactions or for Mitsunobu reactions.
[0085] The following abbreviations may be used herein and have the indicated definitions: Boc, tert-butoxy carbonyl; BroP, bromotrispyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate; CDI, 1, 1'-carbonyldiimidazole; DCC, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; DCE, dichloroethane; DCM, dichloromethane; DIAD, diisopropylazodicarboxylate; DIBAL-H, diisobutyl-aluminium hydride; DIPEA, diisopropylethylamine; DEPC, diethyl phosphorocyanidate; DMA, N, N-dimethyl acetamide; DMAP, 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) pyridine; DMF, N, N-dimethylformamide; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; DTT, dithiothreitol; EDC, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; ESI-MS, electrospray mass spectrometry; HATU, O- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N’, N’-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; HOBt, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole; HPLC, high pressure liquid chromatography; NHS, N-Hydroxysuc-cinimide; MMP, 4-methylmorpholine; PAB, p-aminobenzyl; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.0~7.5) ; PEG, polyethylene glycol; SEC, size-exclusion chromatography; TCEP, tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid; THF, tetrahydrofuran; Val, valine.
[0086] The “amino acid (s) ” can be natural and / or unnatural amino acids, preferably alpha-amino acids. Natural amino acids are those encoded by the genetic code, and their names, structures, single-letter or three letter codes are well known in a college text book as: G -Glycine (Gly) , P -Proline (Pro) , A -Alanine (Ala) , V -Valine (Val) , L -Leucine (Leu) , I -Isoleucine (Ile) , M -Methionine (Met) , C -Cysteine (Cys) , F -Phenylalanine (Phe) , Y -Tyrosine (Tyr) , W -Tryptophan (Trp) , H -Histidine (His) , K -Lysine (Lys) , R -Arginine (Arg) , Q -Glutamine (Gln) , N -Asparagine (Asn) , E -Glutamic Acid (Glu) , D -Aspartic Acid (Asp) , S -Serine (Ser) , T -Threonine (Thr) . The unnatural amino acids are derived forms of proteinogenic amino acids. Examples include hydroxyproline, lanthionine, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, dehydroalanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (the neurotransmitter) , ornithine, citrulline, beta alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid) , gamma-carboxyglutamate, selenocysteine (present in many noneukaryotes as well as most eukaryotes, but not coded directly by DNA) , pyrrolysine (found only in some archaea and one bacterium) , N-formylmethionine (which is often the initial amino acid of proteins in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts) , 5-hydroxytryptophan, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, triiodothyronine, L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) , and O-phosphoserine. The term amino acid also includes amino acid analogs and mimetics. Analogs are compounds having the same general H2N (R) CHCO2H structure of a natural amino acid, except that the R group is not one found among the natural amino acids. Examples of analogs include homoserine, norleucine, methionine-sulfoxide, and methionine methyl sulfonium. Preferably, an amino acid mimetic is a compound that has a structure different from the general chemical structure of an alpha-amino acid but functions in a manner similar to one. The term “unnatural amino acid” is intended to represent the “D” stereochemical form, the natural amino acids being of the “L” form. When 1~8 amino acids are used in this patent application, amino acid sequence is then preferably a cleavage recognition sequence for a protease. Many cleavage recognition sequences are known in the art. See, e.g., Matayoshi et al. Science 247: 954 (1990) ; Dunn et al. Meth. Enzymol. 241: 254 (1994) ; Seidah et al. Meth. Enzymol. 244: 175 (1994) ; Thornberry, Meth. Enzymol. 244: 615 (1994) ; Weber et al. Meth. Enzymol. 244: 595 (1994) ; Smith et al. Meth. Enzymol. 244: 412 (1994) ; and Bouvier et al. Meth. Enzymol. 248: 614 (1995) ; the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. In particular, the sequence is selected from the group consisting of Val-Cit, Val-Ala, Val-Gln, Val-Lys, Tyr-Arg, Phe-Arg, Tyr-Met, Leu-Gln, Met-Thr, Phe-Gln, Thr-Thr, Val-Thr, Ala-Ala, (D) Val- (D) Gln, Val-Lys (NPr2) , Val-Lys (NMe2) , Val-Lys (NEt2) , Val-Lys (NBu2) , Val-Lys (NBz2) , Val-Ala-Val, Lys-Lys, Ala-Asn-Val, Ala-Val-Lys, Ala-Val-Glu, Val-Leu-Lys, Cit-Cit, Val-Lys, Ala-Ala-Asn, Gly-Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly, Ala-Ala-Ala, Ala-Ala-Ala-Glu, Ala-Val-Arg, Ala-Val-Arg-Arg, Ala-Ala-Arg, Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg, Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly, Lys, Cit, Ser, and Glu. Besides 20 standard L-or 20 D-amino acids, some unusual amino acids with letter codes are listed here: Aminobutyric acid (Abu) , Amino-isobutyric acid (Aib) , α-Cyclohexyl-alanine (Cha) , Citrulline (Cit) , Diaminopropionic acid (Dap) , Hydroxy-lysine (Hyl) , Hydroxy-proline (Hyp) , Norleucine (Nle) , Norvaline (Nva) , Ornithine (O) , Penicilamine (Pen) , Pyroglutamate (Pyr) , Sarcosine (Sar) , Statine (Sta) . Modified amino acids with single codes have the following examples: Asparagine-EDANS (D-EDANS) , Cysteine 3-Nitro-2-pyridinesulfanyl (C-NPys) , Glutamic acid-EDANS (E-EDANS) , Glycine N-methylated (G-NMe) , Leucine N-methylated (L-NMe) , Serine phosphorylated (pS) , Threonine phosphorylated (pT) , Tyrosine phosphorylated (pY) , Tyrosine O-methylated (Y-OMe) , 3-Nitrotyrosine (Y-NO2) , Tyrosine sulphated (sY) , Lysine 5-Carboxyfluorescein (K-5-FAM) , Lysine 5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine (K-5-TAMRA) , Lysine acetylated (K-Ac) , Lysine biotinylated (K-Biotin) , Lysine-DABCYL (K-DABCYL) , Lysine-DANSYL (K-DANSYL) , Lysine-Dnp (K-Dnp) , Lysine-Mca (K-Mca) , Lysine methylated (K-Me) , Lysine dimethylated (K-Me2) , Lysine trimethylated (K-Me3) .
[0087] “Pharmaceutically” or “pharmaceutically acceptable” refer to molecular entities and compositions that do not produce an adverse, allergic, or other untoward reaction when administered to an animal, or a human, as appropriate.
[0088] “Pharmaceutically acceptable solvate” or “solvate” refer to an association of one or more solvent molecules and a disclosed compound. Examples of solvents that form pharmaceutically acceptable solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.
[0089] “Pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” includes any carriers, diluents, adjuvants, or vehicles, such as preserving or antioxidant agents, fillers, disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutical active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions as suitable therapeutic combinations.
[0090] As used herein, “pharmaceutical salts” refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, tartaric, citric, methanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, glucuronic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, toluenesulfonic, oxalic, fumaric, maleic, lactic and the like. Further addition salts include ammonium salts such as tromethamine, meglumine, epolamine, etc., metal salts such as sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, or magnesium.
[0091] The pharmaceutical salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared via reaction the free acidic or basic forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two. Generally, non-aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1985, p. 1418, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
[0092] “Administering” or “administration” refers to any mode of transferring, delivering, introducing, or transporting a pharmaceutical drug or other agent to a subject. Such modes include oral administration, topical contact, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intralesional, intranasal, subcutaneous, or intrathecal administration. Also contemplated by the present invention is utilization of a device or instrument in administering an agent. Such device may utilize active or passive transport and may be slow-release or fast-release delivery device.
[0093] The abbreviations of biological buffers and their chemical names are listed below:
[0094] ACES (N- (2-Acetamido) -2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is used to buffer at pH 6.1-7.5 (pKa = 6.88)
[0095] ADA (N- (2-Acetamido) iminodiacetic acid, N- (Carbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetic acid) is useful to buffer at pH 6.0-7.2 (pKa = 6.65) .
[0096] AMPD (2-amino-2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol) ) is a useful buffer at pH 7.8 -9.7.
[0097] AMPSO (N- (1, 1-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl) -3-amino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid) .
[0098] BES (N, N-Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) .
[0099] Bicine (N, N-Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) glycine] , Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino-tris (hydroxymethyl) methane) is used to buffer at pH 5.8-7.2 (pKa = 8.35) .
[0100] BisTris (Bis- (2-Hydroxyethyl) amino-tris (Hydroxymethyl) Methane) .
[0101] BisTris propane (1, 3-Bis [tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamino] propane) .
[0102] DIPSO (N, N-Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-amino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid) is used to buffer at pH 7.0-8.2.
[0103] Gly-Gly (Diglycine; Glycyl-glycine) is used to buffer at pH 7.5-8.9 (pKa = 8.30) .
[0104] HEBPS (N- (2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N′- (4-butanesulfonic acid) ) is an homolog of HEPES and EPPS with higher pKa (pKa= 8.30) , used to buffer at pH 7.6-9.0
[0105] HEPES (4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid ; 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid; 2- (4-morpholino) ethanesulphonic acid; 2- (N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid; morpholine-4-ethanesulfonic acid hydrate) is widely used to buffer at pH 6.8 -8.2; pKa at 20℃: 7.45-7.65)
[0106] HEPPS or EPPS (3- [4- (2-Hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl] propanesulfonic acid hydrate; 4- (2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1- (2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid) Hydrate) is used as a buffering agent at pH 7.3-8.7 (pKa= 8.00 / piperazine ring) .
[0107] HEPPSO (4- (2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1- (2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid) hydrate) .
[0108] MES (2- (N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid, monohydrate) is used as buffering agent at pH 5.2-7.1 (pKa: 6.16) .
[0109] MOBS (4-Morpholinebutanesulfonic acid; 3- (N-Morpholino) butanesulfonic acid hemisodium salt) is an homolog of MES and MOPS with higher pKa / It is used to buffer solution at pH6.9-8.3 (pKa: 7.6) .
[0110] MOPS (4-Morpholinepropanesulfonic acid sodium salt) .
[0111] MOPSO (β-Hydroxy-4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid, 3-Morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid) .
[0112] PIPES (Piperazine-1, 4-bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid) is used to buffer at pH 6.1-7.5 (pKa = 6.80) .
[0113] POPSO (Piperazine-1, 4-bis (2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid) dihydrate) .
[0114] TAPS ( [ (2-Hydroxy-1, 1-bis (hydroxymethyl) ethyl) amino] -1-propanesulfonic acid) .
[0115] TAPSO (2-Hydroxy-3- [tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamino] -1-propanesulfonic acid) .
[0116] TES (2- [ (2-Hydroxy-1, 1-bis (hydroxymethyl) ethyl) amino] ethanesulfonic acid) .
[0117] Tricine (Piperazine-N, N'-Bis [2-Hydroxypropanesulfonic Acid) ] is used to buffer at pH7.4-8.8 (pKa: 8.16) .
[0118] The term “antibody” is used herein in the broadest sense and encompasses various antibody structures, including but not limited to monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies) , and antibody fragments so long as they exhibit the desired antigen-binding activity and fusion proteins comprising an antibody, and any other modified configuration of the immunoglobulin molecule that comprises an antigen recognition site. An antibody includes an antibody of any class, such as IgG, IgA, or IgM (or sub-class thereof) , and the antibody need not be of any class. Depending on the antibody amino acid sequence of the constant region of its heavy chains, immunoglobulins can be assigned to different classes. There are five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and several of these may be further divided into subclasses (isotypes) , e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2. The heavy-chain constant regions that correspond to the different classes of immunoglobulins are called alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma, and mu, respectively. The subunit structures and three-dimensional configurations of different classes of immunoglobulins are well known. An “antibody fragment” refers to a molecule other than an intact antibody that comprises a portion of an intact antibody and that binds the antigen to which the intact antibody binds. Examples of antibody fragments include but are not limited to Fv, Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, F (ab') 2; diabodies; linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules (e.g. scFv) ; and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments. A “humanized” antibody refers to a chimeric antibody comprising amino acid residues from non-human HVRs and amino acid residues from human FRs. In certain embodiments, a humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the HVRs (e.g., CDRs) correspond to those of a non-human antibody, and all or substantially all of the FRs correspond to those of a human antibody. A humanized antibody optionally may comprise at least a portion of an antibody constant region derived from a human antibody. A “humanized form” of an antibody, e.g., a non-human antibody, refers to an antibody that has undergone humanization. The term “variable region” or “variable domain” refers to the domain of an antibody heavy or light chain that is involved in binding the antibody to antigen. The variable domains of the heavy chain and light chain (VH and VL, respectively) of a native antibody generally have similar structures, with each domain comprising four conserved framework regions (FRs) and three hypervariable regions (HVRs) . (See, e.g., Kindt et al. Kuby Immunology, 6th ed., W. H. Freeman and Co., page 91 (2007) . ) A single VH or VL domain may be sufficient to confer antigen-binding specificity. Furthermore, antibodies that bind a particular antigen may be isolated using a VH or VL domain from an antibody that binds the antigen to screen a library of complementary VL or VH domains, respectively. See, e.g., Portolano et al., J. Immunol. 150: 880-887 (1993) ; Clarkson et al., Nature 352: 624-628 (1991) .
[0119] As used herein, “monoclonal antibody” refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally-occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic site. Furthermore, in contrast to polyclonal antibody preparations, which typically include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes) , each monoclonal antibody is directed against a single determinant on the antigen. The modifier “monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method. For example, the monoclonal antibodies to be used in accordance with the present invention may be made by the hybridoma method first described by Kohler and Milstein, Nature 256: 495, 1975, or may be made by recombinant DNA methods such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567. The monoclonal antibodies may also be isolated from phage libraries generated using the techniques described in McCafferty et al., Nature 348: 552-554, 1990, for example.
[0120] As used herein, “humanized” antibody refers to forms of non-human (e.g. murine) antibodies that are chimeric immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin chains, or fragments thereof (such as Fv, Fab, Fab', F (ab') 2 or other antigen binding subsequences of antibodies) that contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin. Preferably, humanized antibodies are human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which residues from a complementarity determining region (CDR) of the recipient are replaced by residues from a CDR of a non-human species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat, or rabbit having the desired specificity, affinity, and capacity. In some instances, Fv framework region (FR) residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human residues. Furthermore, the humanized antibody may comprise residues that are found neither in the recipient antibody nor in the imported CDR or framework sequences, but are included to further refine and optimize antibody performance. In general, the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the CDR regions correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FR regions are those of a human immunoglobulin consensus sequence. The humanized antibody optimally also will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region or domain (Fc) , typically that of a human immunoglobulin. Preferred are antibodies having Fc regions modified as described in WO 99 / 58572. Other forms of humanized antibodies have one or more CDRs (CDR L1, CDR L2, CDR L3, CDR H1, CDR H2, or CDR H3) which are altered with respect to the original antibody, which are also termed one or more CDRs “derived from” one or more CDRs from the original antibody.
[0121] As used herein, “human antibody” means an antibody having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that of an antibody produced by a human and / or which has been made using any of the techniques for making human antibodies known to those skilled in the art or disclosed herein. This definition of a human antibody includes antibodies comprising at least one human heavy chain polypeptide or at least one human light chain polypeptide. One such example is an antibody comprising murine light chain and human heavy chain polypeptides. Human antibodies can be produced using various techniques known in the art. In one embodiment, the human antibody is selected from a phage library, where that phage library expresses human antibodies (Vaughan et al., Nature Biotechnology, 14: 309-314, 1996; Sheets et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 95: 6157-6162, 1998; Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227: 381, 1991; Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222: 581, 1991) . Human antibodies can also be made by immunization of animals into which human immunoglobulin loci have been transgenically introduced in place of the endogenous loci, e.g., mice in which the endogenous immunoglobulin genes have been partially or completely inactivated. This approach is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,545,807; 5,545,806; 5,569,825; 5,625,126; 5,633,425; and 5,661,016. Alternatively, the human antibody may be prepared by immortalizing human B lymphocytes that produce an antibody directed against a target antigen (such B lymphocytes may be recovered from an individual or from single cell cloning of the cDNA, or may have been immunized in vitro) . See, e.g., Cole et al. Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77, 1985; Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147 (1) : 86-95, 1991; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,373.
[0122] The term “chimeric antibody” is intended to refer to antibodies in which the variable region sequences are derived from one species and the constant region sequences are derived from another species, such as an antibody in which the variable region sequences are derived from a mouse antibody and the constant region sequences are derived from a human antibody.
[0123] The terms “polypeptide” , “oligopeptide” , “peptide” and “protein” are used interchangeably herein to refer to chains of amino acids of any length, preferably, relatively short (e.g., 10-100 amino acids) . The chain may be linear or branched, it may comprise modified amino acids, and / or may be interrupted by non-amino acids. The terms also encompass an amino acid chain that has been modified naturally or by intervention; for example, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or any other manipulation or modification, such as conjugation with a labeling component. Also included within the definition are, for example, polypeptides containing one or more analogs of an amino acid (including, for example, unnatural amino acids, etc. ) , as well as other modifications known in the art. It is understood that the polypeptides can occur as single chains or associated chains.
[0124] A “monovalent antibody” comprises one antigen binding site per molecule (e.g., IgG or Fab) . In some instances, a monovalent antibody can have more than one antigen binding sites, but the binding sites are from different antigens.
[0125] A “monospecific antibody” comprises two identical antigen binding sites per molecule (e.g. IgG) such that the two binding sites bind identical epitope on the antigen. Thus, they compete with each other on binding to one antigen molecule. Most antibodies found in nature are monospecific. In some instances, a monospecific antibody can also be a monovalent antibody (e.g. Fab) .
[0126] A “bivalent antibody” comprises two antigen binding sites per molecule (e.g., IgG) . In some instances, the two binding sites have the same antigen specificities. However, bivalent antibodies may be bispecific.
[0127] A “bispecific” or “dual-specific” is a hybrid antibody having two different antigen binding sites. The two antigen binding sites of a bispecific antibody bind to two different epitopes, which may reside on the same or different protein targets.
[0128] A “bifunctional” is antibody is an antibody having identical antigen binding sites (i.e., identical amino acid sequences) in the two arms but each binding site can recognize two different antigens.
[0129] A “heteromultimer” , “heteromultimeric complex” , or “heteromultimeric polypeptide” is a molecule comprising at least a first polypeptide and a second polypeptide, wherein the second polypeptide differs in amino acid sequence from the first polypeptide by at least one amino acid residue. The heteromultimer can comprise a “heterodimer” formed by the first and second polypeptide or can form higher order tertiary structures where polypeptides in addition to the first and second polypeptide are present.
[0130] A “heterodimer” , “heterodimeric protein” , “heterodimeric complex, ” or “heteromultimeric polypeptide” is a molecule comprising a first polypeptide and a second polypeptide, wherein the second polypeptide differs in amino acid sequence from the first polypeptide by at least one amino acid residue.
[0131] The “hinge region” , “hinge sequence” , and variations thereof, as used herein, includes the meaning known in the art, which is illustrated in, for example, Janeway et al., ImmunoBiology: the immune system in health and disease, (Elsevier Science Ltd., NY) (4th ed., 1999) ; Bloom et al., Protein Science (1997) , 6: 407-415; Humphreys et al., J. Immunol. Methods (1997) , 209: 193-202.
[0132] The “immunoglobulin-like hinge region” , “immunoglobulin-like hinge sequence, ” and variations thereof, as used herein, refer to the hinge region and hinge sequence of an immunoglobulin-like or an antibody-like molecule (e.g., immunoadhesins) . In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin-like hinge region can be from or derived from any IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 subtype, or from IgA, IgE, IgD or IgM, including chimeric forms thereof, e.g., a chimeric IgG1 / 2 hinge region.
[0133] Since the disulfide bonds in different IgG forms of antibody are various, thus drug / antibody ratios (DARs) with the thiol-ether conjugation (such as through the Michael addition reaction of a maleimide of a drug / linker complex and a cysteine in an antibody) can be various. For instance, the DARs (or “n” in this application) can be up to 30 for IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 form of an ADC.
[0134] The term “immune effector cell” or “effector cell” as used herein refers to a cell within the natural repertoire of cells in the human immune system which can be activated to affect the viability of a target cell. The viability of a target cell can include cell survival, proliferation, and / or ability to interact with other cells.
[0135] Antibodies of the invention can be produced using techniques well known in the art, e.g., recombinant technologies, phage display technologies, synthetic technologies or combinations of such technologies or other technologies readily known in the art (see, for example, Jayasena, S. D., Clin. Chem., 45: 1628-50, 1999 and Fellouse, F. A., et al, J. Mol. Biol., 373 (4) : 924-40, 2007) .
[0136] Lewis acid and base: A Lewis acid is any molecule or compound that contains an empty orbital that can accept a pair of non-bonding electrons; it can also be known as an electron pair acceptor or electrophile; A Lewis Base is any molecule or compound that has a filled orbital which donates a pair of non-bonding electrons; it can also be known as an electron pair donor or nucleophile. Examples of Lewis base: NH3, C1~C8 alkylamine, OH-, CN-, CH3COO-, CO32-, Cl-, F-, HCO-, PO42-, H (OCH2CH2) pNH3, (HOCH2CH2) 2NH, (HOCH2CH2) 3N, NH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO-, NH2OH, NH2 (OCH2CH2) pNH2, NH2 (NHCH2CH2) pNH2, (NH2OCH2CH2) 2NH, (NH2OCH2CH2) 3N, NH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2COO-, H2N (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, H2N (OCH2CH2) pCOOH, H2N (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2COOH, H (OCH2CH2) pNH2, H (OCH2CH2) pONH2, H2NCH2CH2NHSO3H, wherein p =1~100.
[0137] The term “cytotoxic agent” as used herein refers to a substance that inhibits or prevents a cellular function and / or causes cell death or destruction. Cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, radioactive isotopes (e.g., At211, I131, I125, Y90, In111, Re186, Re188, Sm153, Bi212, P32, Pb212, Zr89, F18, and radioactive isotopes of Lu, e.g. Lu177) ; chemotherapeutic agents or drugs (e.g., tubulysin, maytansin, auristatin, DNA minor groove binders (such as PBD dimers) , duocarmycin, topoisomerase inhibitor I or II (such as camptothecins or etoposides, and their analogs) , RNA polymerase inhibitors, DNA alkylators, methotrexate, adriamicin, vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide) , doxorubicin, melphalan, mitomycin C, chlorambucil, daunorubicin or other intercalating agents) ; growth inhibitory agents; enzymes and fragments thereof such as nucleolytic enzymes; antibiotics; toxins such as small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant or animal origin, including fragments and / or variants thereof; and the various antitumor or anticancer agents disclosed throughout the application.
[0138] “Linker” refers to a chemical moiety comprising a covalent bond or a chain of atoms that covalently attaches an antibody to a drug moiety. In various embodiments, linkers include a divalent radical such as an alkyldiyl, an aryldiyl, a heteroaryldiyl, moieties such as: -- (CR2) nO (CR2) n--, repeating units of alkyloxy (e.g. polyethylenoxy, PEG, polymethyleneoxy) and alkylamino (e.g. polyethyleneamino) ; and diacid ester and amides including succinate, succinamide, diglycolate, malonate, and caproamide. In various embodiments, linkers can comprise one or more amino acid residues, such as alanine, valine, phenylalanine, lysine, glutamic acid, cysteine, tyrosine and homolysine, and some of the amino acid residue, such as lysine, glutamic acid, cysteine, and tyrosine may link a side chain of hydrophilic groups selected from PEG, alkyl sulfonic acid, amino alkyl sulfonic acid, carbonylalkyl sulfonic acid, aminopolyethylenoxy, carbonylpolyethylenoxy, aminopolyethylenoxy glycosides, carbonylpolyethylenoxy glycosides, aminoalkylaminophosporic acid, carbonylalkylamino phosphoric acid.
[0139] The words “comprise” , “comprising” , “include” , “including” and “includes” when used in this specification and claims are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, or groups thereof. The novel conjugates disclosed herein are the antibody conjugates targeting tumor specific antigens. Examples of the conjugates, their synthesis and characterization of the conjugates are shown in the examples 1-671 below of the specification.
[0140] THE ANTIBODY DRUG CONJUGATE AND ITS PREPARATION OF THE INVENTION
[0141] The antibody-drug conjugates of Formula (Ib) , (Id) and (Ig) containing one or two open-ring groups of thiosuccinimides are prepared via hydrolysis of carbonyl alkylamino the one or two five-member rings of thiosuccinimide conjugates of Formula (Ia) , (Ic) and (Ii) , respectively, as illustrated in the following hydrolysis reaction equitions (I) , (II) , and (III) :
[0142] Wherein Rj, Rk, X’, n2, n3, n, n’, n”, n1’, n2’, n3’ and n4’ are described the same above;
[0143] Wherein is single bond, double bond or absent, the bond in the middle means that it links either one of the neighbor groups;
[0144] Wherein the hydrolysis reactions are conducted at mild conditions of pH 5.5 ~ 8.0 containing a Lewis base, at temperature of 20 ℃ ~40 ℃, for 15 min ~ 144 hours.
[0145] Wherein the Lewis base is a compound containing amino, oxylamino, polyamino, or hydrazineyl group, which in general is selected from alkylhydrazine, hydrazineylalkyl-γ-ol, hydrazineylalkyl-γ-amine, aminoethanol, aminodiethanol, aminotriethanol, hydroxylamine, hydrazine; C1-C8 alkylamine, alkyldiamines, alkyltriamines, alkyltetraamines; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl-amine, alkylcycloalkylamine, heterocycloalkylamine; C3-C8 of arylamine, Ar-alkylamine, hetero-cyclicamine, carbocyclicamine, cycloalkylamine, heteroalkylcyclo-alkylamine, carbonylalkylamine, heteroarylalkyl; or 2-8 carbon atoms of aminoesters, aminoether, aminoamide, aminoalkylcarboxylate or aminooxylalkylcarboxylate; or 1~8 natural or unnatural amino acids described in the definition; or hydroxylamine, hydrazine, or amine linked with a polyethyleneoxy unit as the formula of: NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pH, (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pCH3, (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NHNH2, (NH2O- (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2ONH2, NH2O (CH2CH2O) pH, (NH2O (CH2CH2O) pCH3, NH2 (CH2CH2O) pR3, NH2 (CH2CH (CH3) O) pR3, NH [ (CH2CH2O) pR3] [ (CH2-CH2O) p’R3’] , NH2CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, or NH2CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pNHCOOR3, NH2OH, H2N (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2N (Cn’H2n’+1) , H2NNH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2N (Cn’2n’+1) , H2N (OCH2CH2) pN (Cn H2n’+1) , H (OCH2CH2) pNH2, (HOCH2CH2) 2NH, (HOCH2CH2) 3N, NH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO-, NH2 (OCH2CH2) pNH2, NH2 (NHCH2CH2) pNH2, (NH2OCH2CH2) 2NH, (NH2OCH2CH2) 3N, NH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2COO-, H2N (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, H (OCH2CH2) pCOOH, H2N (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2COOH, H (OCH2CH2) pNH2, H (OCH2CH2) pONH2, H2NCH2CH2NHSO3H, wherein p and p’ are independently an integer selected from 0 to about 100, wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H, C (=O) H, C (=O) CH3, C1-C8 of alkyl; n’ is 1 to 8; More preferably, the Lewis base is a compound containing primary amino, oxylamino or hydrazineyl group, selected from alkylhydrazine, hydrazineylalkyl-γ-ol, hydrazineyl-polyetheleneglycol ( (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pH, or (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pCH3, p = 1~100) , hydroxyethylamine, bis (hydroxyethyl) amine, and tri (hydroxyethyl) amine; In the buffer solutions, the Lewis bases are preferably adjusted with an acid, such as HCl, HF, TFA, formic acid, acetyl acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, histidine, to pH 6, 5 ~ 8.5, more preferably to pH 6.5 ~ 7.5; and the Lewis bases were added in the amount of at least 2 equivalents of the mAb; preferably 5~ 1000 eq. of mAb; more preferably 10~ 100 eq. of mAb;
[0146] More preferably, the Lewis base is a compound containing primary amino, oxylamino or hydrazineyl group, selected from NH2OH, NH2NH2, alkylhydrazine, hydrazineylalkyl-γ-ol, hydroxyethylamine, bis (hydroxyethyl) amine, and tri (hydroxyethyl) amine; C1-C8 alkylamine; an amino acid, or a peptide containing 2~24 amino acids and one of the amino acid is a lysine; or an hydrazineyl-polyetheleneglycol or aminpolyethyleneoxy compound of formula ( (NH2NH (CH2CH2-O) pH, (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pCH3, ( (NH2O (CH2CH2-O) pH, (NH2O (CH2CH2O) pCH3, NH2 (CH2CH2-O) pR3, NH ( (CH2CH2O) pR3) 2, NH2 (CH2CH (CH3) -O) pR3, NH [ (CH2CH2O) pR3] [ (CH2CH2O) p’R3’] , NH2CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, NH2CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pCONHR3, H2N (OCH2CH2) pN (Cn’H2n’+1) , H2N (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2N (Cn H2n’+1) , H2NNH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2N (Cn’H2n’+1) , wherein p and p’ are independently an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, …to about 100; n’ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
[0147] In further more preferably, the Lewis base is selected from NH2OH, NH2NH2, alkylhydrazine, hydrazineylalkyl-γ-ol, hydrazineyl-polyetheleneglycol, ( (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pH, or (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pCH3) , HOCH2CH2NH2, (HOCH2CH2) 2NH, (HOCH2CH2) 3N, ( (NH2O (CH2CH2O) pH, NH2CH (CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2) COO-, p = 1~100, or arginine and the Lewis base can be in a form as a salt with anion of Cl-, phosphate, hydrocarbonate, triflate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, histidine, citrate, or succinicate at pH 6.5 ~7.5;
[0148] Wherein Drug1 and Drug2 are independently a cytotoxic agent or cytotoxic drug; mAb is an antibody, an antibody like protein or a cell-binding protein; n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, and these numbers may have a decimal; n2 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; n3 is 0, 1, or 2, and when n3 is 0, it means that the contents in curly brackets are absent.
[0149] Wherein Y1 and Y2, are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, CH, CH2, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , N (R3) N (R3’) , C (=O) , C (=O) N, C (=O) NH, OC (=O) NH, NHC (=O) O, C (=O) N-N, S (O) 2, S (O) , S (O2) NH, NH (SO2) NH, or a natural or unnatural amino acid;
[0150] Wherein X1 and X2, are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, CH, CH2, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , and N (R3) N (R3’) ; when is single bond, X1 and X2, are independently selected from, N, CH, N-NH, and N-N; when is double bond, X1 and X2, are CH; when is absent, X1 and X2, are O, S, CH2, NH, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , and N (R3) N (R3’) ; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H or C1-C8 of alkyl;
[0151] Wherein L1 and L2, are a linker, which are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , N (R3) N (R3’) , C (=O) N, C (=O) NH, C (=O) N-N, C1-C8 of alkyl (alkylene) ; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl; or 2-8 carbon atoms of esters, ether, amide, aminoalkylcarboxyl, γ-aminoalkylcarbonyl, or oxylalkylcarboxyl; or 1~8 natural or unnatural amino acids described in the definition; or polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (OCH2CH2) p, (OCH2CH2) pOR3, (OCH2-CH (CH3) ) pOR3, NH (CH2CH2O) pR3, NH (CH2CH (CH3) O) pR3, N [ (CH2CH2O) pR3] [ (CH2CH2O) p’R3’] , (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, or CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, wherein p and p’ are independently an integer selected from 0 to about 100, or combination thereof; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H, C (=O) H, C (=O) CH3, C1-C8 of alkyl; or can be absent thereof; Preferably L1 and L2, are 1~3 of γ-aminoalkylcarbonyl or aminoalkylcarboxyl groups, 1~8 of natural amino acids, or combination thereof;
[0152] L1 and L2 independently have one or more linker components of 6-maleimidocaproyl ( "MC" ) , maleimidopropanoyl ( "MP" ) , valine-citrulline ( "val-cit" or "vc" ) , alanine-phenylalanine ( "ala-phe" or "af" ) , p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl ( "PAB" ) , 4-thiopentanoate ( "SPP" ) , 4- (N-maleimidomethyl) -cyclohexane-1 carboxylate ( "MCC" ) , (4-acetyl) amino-benzoate ( "SIAB" ) , 4-thio-butyrate (SPDB) , 4-thio-2-hydroxysulfonyl-butyrate, alanine-valine (av) , alanine-alanine-alanine (aaa) , or a natural or unnatural peptide having 1-8 natural or unnatural amino acid units;
[0153] L1 or L2 may independently contain a self-immolative or a non-self-immolative component, peptidic units, a hydrazone bond, a disulfide, an ester, an oxime, an amide, or a thioether bond. The self-immolative unit includes, but is not limited to, aromatic compounds that are electronically similar to the para-aminobenzylcarbamoyl (PAB) groups such as 2-aminoimidazol-5-methanol derivatives, heterocyclic PAB analogs, beta-glucuronide, and ortho or para-aminobenzylacetals;
[0154] Preferably, the self-immolative linker component has one of the following structures:
[0155] wherein the (*) atom is the point of attachment of additional spacer or releasable linker units, or the cytotoxic agent, and / or the binding molecule (CBA) ; X1, Y1, Z2 and Z3 are independently NH, O, or S; Z1 is independently H, NHR1, OR1, SR1, COX1R1, where X1 is NH, O, S, NHNH, or CH2; v is 0 or 1; U1 is independently H, OH, C1~C6 alkyl, (OCH2CH2) nOR5, CO (OCH2CH2) nOR5, CONH (CH2CH2O) nR5, F, Cl, Br, I, OR5, SR5, NR5R5’, N=NR5, N=R5, NR5R5’, NO2, SOR5R5’, SO2R5, SO3R5, OSO3R5, PR5R5’, POR5R5’, PO2R5R5’, OPO (OR5) (OR5’) , or OCH2PO (OR5 (OR5’) , wherein R1, R5 and R5’ are independently selected from H, C1~C8 of alkyl; C2~C8 of alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, or amino acid; C3~C8 of aryl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylcarbonyl, CO (OCH2CH2) nOH, (CH2CH2O) nH, (CH2CH2O) nCH3, CONH (CH2CH2O) nH, CO (OCH2CH2) nOCH3, CONH (CH2CH2O) nCH3, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2N (glycose) 2, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2N (CH3) 2, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2N (C2H5) 2, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2N (C3H7) 2, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2NHS (O) 2CH3, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2NH-S (O) 2CH3, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2NHS (O) 2OH, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2NHP (O) (OH) 2, or glycoside; or pharmaceutical cation salts; n = 1 ~20;
[0156] The non-self-immolative linker component is one of the following structures:
[0157] Wherein the (*) atom is the point of attachment of additional spacer or releasable linkers, the cytotoxic agents, and / or the binding molecules; X1, Y1, U1, R5, R5’ are defined as above; r is 0~100; m and n are 0~6 independently;
[0158] More preferably, L1 or L2 may be composed of one or more linker components as shown below:
[0159] and L-or D-, natural or unnatural peptides containing 1-20 amino acids, wherein is linked site.
[0160] Further preferably, L1 or L2 may be a releasable linker. The term releasable linker refers to a linker that includes at least one bond that can be broken under physiological conditions, such as a pH-labile, acid-labile, base-labile, oxidatively labile, metabolically labile, biochemically labile, or enzyme-labile bond. It is appreciated that such physiological conditions resulting in bond breaking do not necessarily include a biological or metabolic process, and instead may include a standard chemical reaction, such as a hydrolysis or substitution reaction, for example, an endosome having a lower pH than cytosolic pH, and / or disulfide bond exchange reaction with an intracellular thiol, such as a millimolar range of abundant of glutathione inside the malignant cells;
[0161] Examples of the releasable linkers (L, L1 or L2) include, but not limited:
[0162] - (CR5R6) m (Aa) r (CR7R8) n (OCH2CH2) t-, - (CR5R6) m (CR7R8) n (Aa) r (OCH2CH2) t-, - (Aa) r- (CR5R6) m (CR7R8) n (OCH2CH2) t-, - (CR5R6) m (CR7R8) n (OCH2CH2) r (Aa) t-, - (CR5R6) m (CR7=CR8) - (CR9R10) n (Aa) t- (OCH2CH2) r-, - (CR5R6) m (NR11CO) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, - (CR5R6) m (Aa) t- (NR11CO) - (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, - (CR5R6) m (OCO) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n- (OCH2CH2) r-, - (CR5R6) m (OCNR7) (Aa) t- (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, - (CR5R6) m (CO) (Aa) t- (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, - (CR5R6) m (NR11CO) (Aa) t- (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, - (CR5R6) m- (OCO) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n- (OCH2CH2) r-, - (CR5R6) m (OCNR7) (Aa) t- (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, - (CR5R6) m (CO) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n- (OCH2CH2) r-, - (CR5R6) m-phenyl-CO (Aa) t- (CR7R8) n-, - (CR5R6) m-furyl-CO (Aa) t (CR7R8) n-, - (CR5R6) m-oxazolyl-CO (Aa) t (CR7R8) n-, - (CR5R6) m-thiazolyl-CO (Aa) t (CCR7R8) n-, - (CR5R6) t-thienyl-CO (CR7R8) n-, - (CR5R6) t-imidazolyl-CO- (CR7R8) n-, - (CR5R6) t-morpholino-CO (Aa) t- (CR7R8) n-, - (CR5R6) tpiperazino-CO (Aa) t- (CR7R8) n-, - (CR5R6) t-N-methylpiperazin-CO (Aa) t- (CR7R8) n-, - (CR5R) m- (Aa) tphenyl-, - (CR5R6) m- (Aa) tfuryl-, - (CR5R6) m-oxazolyl (Aa) t-, - (CR5R6) m-thiazolyl (Aa) t-, - (CR5R6) m-thienyl- (Aa) t-, - (CR5R6) mimidazolyl (Aa) t-, - (C R5R6) mmorpholino- (Aa) t-, - (CR5R6) m-piperazino- (Aa) t-, - (CR5R6) m-N-methylpiperazino- (Aa) t-,
[0163] -K(CR5R6) m (Aa) r (CR7R8) n (OCH2CH2) t-, -K (CR5R6) m (CR7R8) n (Aa) r (OCH2CH2) t-, -K (Aa) r- (CR5R6) m (CR7R8) n (OCH2CH2) t-, -K (CR5R6) m (CR7R8) n (OCH2CH2) r (Aa) t-, -K (CR5R6) m (CR7=CR8) (C R9R10) n (Aa) t (OCH2CH2) r-, -K (CR5R6) m (NR11CO) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, -K (CR5R6) m (Aa) t (NR1 1CO) (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, -K (CR5R6) m (OCO) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, -K (CR5R6) m (OCNR7) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, -K (CR5R6) m (CO) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, -K (CR5R6) m (NR11CO) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, -K (CR5R6) m (OCO) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, -K (CR5R6) m (OCNR7) (Aa ) t (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, -K (CR5R6) m (CO) (Aa) t (CR9R10) n (OCH2CH2) r-, -K (CR5R6) mphenyl-CO (Aa) t (CR7R8) n-, -K (CR5R6) mfuryl-CO (Aa) t (CR7R8) n-, -K (CR5R6) moxazolyl-CO (Aa) t (CR7R8) n-, -K (CR5R6) m-thiazolyl-CO (Aa) t- (CR7R8) n-, -K (CR5R6) t-thienyl-CO (CR7R8) n-, -K (CR5R6) timidazolyl-CO- (CR7R8) n-, -K (CR5R6) tmorpholino-CO (Aa) t (CR7R8) n-, -K (CR5R6) tpiperazinoCO (Aa) t (CR7R8) n-, -K (C R5R6) t-N-methylpiperazinCO (Aa) t (CR7R8) n-, -K (CR5R) m (Aa) tphenyl, -K- (CR5R6) m- (Aa) tfuryl-, -K (CR5R6) m-oxazolyl (Aa) t-, -K (CR5R6) m-thiazolyl (Aa) t-, -K (CR5R6) m-thienyl- (Aa) t-, -K (CR5R6) m-imidazolyl (Aa) t-, -K (CR5R6) mmorpholino (Aa) t-, -K (CR5R6) mpiperazino- (Aa) tG, -K (CR5R6) mN-methy lpiperazino (Aa) t-; wherein m, Aa, m, and n are described above; t and r are 0 ~ 100 independently; R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are independently chosen from H; halide; C1~C8 of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, ether, ester, amine or amide, which optionally substituted by one or more halide, CN, NR1R2, CF3, OR1, Aryl, heterocycle, S (O) R1, SO2R1, -CO2H, -SO3H, -OR1, -CO2R1, -CONR1, -PO2R1R2, -PO3H or P (O) R1R2R3; K is NR1, -SS-, -C (=O) -, -C (=O) NH-, -C (=O) O-, -C=NH-O-, -C=N-NH-, -C (=O) NH-NH-, O, S, Se, B, Het (heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring having C3-C8) , or peptides containing 1-20 amino acids.
[0164] In embodiment, the Lewis base is used at least 0.1 mM in the hydrolysis process, thus the hydrolysis reaction is kept for 30 min ~ 48 hours at temperature of 20 ~40 ℃ and pH =6.5 ~7.5.
[0165] In another embodiment, an ADC has over 70 lysines on the surface of its antibody and can be served as a Lewis base, or the ADC is in an amino acid-based buffer (such as histidine buffer) solution, thus the hydrolysis can be performed for 12 ~96-hour reaction without having the listed Lewis bases above. In such circumstance, the concentrations of ADC in the process are maintained at 2 ~ 100 mg / ml, the temperature is controlled 30 ~ 40℃ and pH is kept 6.5 ~7.8; Preferably the hydrolysis is proceeded for 24 ~60 hours at 10 ~80 mg / ml of the ADC concentration, the temperature is controlled at 30 ℃ ~ 37 ℃ and pH is at 6.8 ~7.5. More preferably the hydrolysis is proceeded for 36 ~48 hours at 25 ~50 mg / ml of the ADC concentration, the temperature is controlled at 30 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ and pH is at 6.8 ~7.4.
[0166] In a further embodiment, the ending of hydrolysis reaction is determined by the ratios of Ib-1 vs Ib-2, or Id-1 vs Id-2, or Ig-1 vs Ig 2, herein the higher ratios of formers vs the latters are preferably pursued. The ratio is at least 1: 1, preferably at least 3: 1, more preferably over 4: 1, and the optimum ratio is over 5: 1. In the practice, the mixture of Ib-1 and Ib-2, or Id-1 and Id-2, or Ig-1 and Ig 2, are not required to be separated for application of the conjugates. The ratios of the mixtures can be determined by HIC-HPLC, RP-HPLC, or MS, or HPLC-MS. If pursuing the purity (separation) of the open-forms of the thiosucciminide conjugate from the mixtures, a chromatographic separation method, such as HIC chromatography, RP-chromatography, or ion (cation or anion) exchange, or mixed ion exchange and hydrophobic chromatography can be applied for the separations.
[0167] In a further embodiment, the preferred hydrolysis reactions are conducted at mild conditions of pH 6.5 ~ 8.0 containing a Lewis base, at temperature of 30 ~38 ℃, for 2 hours ~ 60 hours.
[0168] In an embodiment of the present invention, the prepared the antibody-drug conjugate with two terminal groups of open-ring forms of thiosuccinimides of Formula (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) , wherein n3 is 0, are represented by Formula (Ib-1a) , (Ib-1b) , (Ib-1c) , (Ib-1d) , (Ib-1f) , (Ib-2a) , (Ib-2b) , and (Ib-2c) :
[0169] wherein Drug1, Drug2, Y1, Y2, L1, L2, X1, X2, X’, Rk, mAb and n are the same as described above.
[0170] The amount of two open-ring forms of thiosuccinimide conjugates of Formula (Ib-1) can be up to 99.9%in the hydrolysis mixture when the hydrazine, hydroxylamine and their derivatives are used as the Lewis bases at two or more equivalents of the (close-ring form of) the maleimido payload / linker complexes (Formula (Hd) ) used for preparation of conjugate Formula (Ia) . Thus, the hydrolysis process can be illustrated simply as following:
[0171] wherein Ri is OH, NH2, C1~C8 of O-alkyl, NH-alkyl, O-alkyl-OH, NH-alkyl-OH, O-alkyl-NH2, NH-alkyl-NH2, O-alkyl-CO2H, NH-alkyl-CO2H, NH- (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2OH, O- (CH2CH2O) p-CH2CH2OH, NH- (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2COOH, NH- (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, p=1~100.
[0172] In another embodiment, when the Lewis base is an amino, an amino acid compound or its derivatives, or the protein has enough (over 50) lysines on its surface, and the hydrolysis is at the mild condition of pH 6.3 ~7.7, 25 ~ 38 ℃, the prepared antibody-drug conjugate with one or two open-ring forms of thiosuccinimides of Formula (Ib) ( (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) ) , wherein n3 is 0, X’ is O, Rk is H, is represented by Formula (Ib-1g) , (Ib-1h) , (Ib-1i) , (Ib-2d) , (Ib-2e) and (Ib-2f) :
[0173] wherein, Drug1, Drug2, Y1, Y2, L1, L2, X1, X2, mAb and n are the same as described above.
[0174] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the proportion of the conjugate containing full opened ring forms of thiosuccinimides of Formula (Ib-1) , (Id-1) or (Ig-1) vs the conjugate containing mono opened-ring forms of thiosuccinimides of Formula (Ib-2) , (Id-2) or (Ig-2) accordingly in the hydrolysis mixture of the conjugates, as well the subordinate Formula (Ib-1a) and (Ib-1b) vs (Ib-2) ; Formula (Ib-1c) and (Ib-1d) vs (Ib-2b) ; Formula (Ib-1e) and (Ib-1f) vs (Ib-2c) ; Formula (Ib-1g) vs (Ib-2d) ; Formula (Ib-1h) vs (Ib-2e) ; or Formula (Ib-1i) vs (Ib-2f) ; should be at least 1: 1 (over 50%) ; preferably over 3: 1 (over 75%) ; more preferably over 4: 1 (over 80%) ; further more preferably over 5: 1 (over 83%) .
[0175] In another embodiments, the present invention further relates to a method of making homogenous conjugates of Formula (Ib) , I (d) and (Ig) via the intermediates of conjugate Formula (Ia) , (Ic) , and (Ii) from payload / linker complexes of Formula (Hd) , (Ih) , and (Ih) and (Ij) , respectively, as illustrated in the following reaction Equations (IV) , (V) and (VI) :
[0176] Wherein the first step of antibody conjugation reaction is conducted with a Zn2+ or zinc / alkyl-amino complex (such as Zn11) , a reduction agent (e.g. TCEP) at 0 ~ 10 ℃, pH 5.0 ~ 8.0 for 8 ~ 48 hours, at mild conditions of pH 5.5 ~ 8.0 containing a Lewis base, at temperature of 20 ~40 ℃, for 15 min ~ 144 hours
[0177] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention further relates to a method of making the conjugatable compounds of Formula (Hd) from Formula (Ha) , (Hb) and (Hc) , and the conjugatable compounds of Formula (Ih) from Formula (Ha) , and (He) as illustrated in the following reaction (VII) and (VIII) :
[0178] Wherein, in reaction equation of (VII) , the terminal Lv3-L03-of compound (Ha) and the terminal Lv1-L01-of compound (Hc) is condensated to form L1, and the terminal Lv4-L04-of compound (Hb) and the terminal Lv2-L02-of compound Hc is condensated to form L2; In reaction equation of (VIII) , the terminal Lv3-L03-of compound (Ha) and the terminal Lv1-L01-of compound (He) is condensated to form L1 of Formula (VIII) ; wherein, Drug1, Drug2, Y1, Y2, L1, L2, X1, X2, mAb, n and n’ in Formula (I) ~ (VIII) are the same as described above.
[0179] In another embodiment, the "cytotoxin agent" and "cytotoxic drug" (Drug1, Drug2 and Drug of this invention) refer to any molecule that inhibits or prevents the function of cells and / or causes destruction of cells (cell death) , and / or exerts anti-proliferative effects. A cytotoxin or cytotoxic agent of an ADC also is referred to in the art as the "payload" of the ADC. A number of classes of cytotoxic agents are known in the art to have potential utility in ADC molecules and can be used in the ADC described herein. Such classes of cytotoxic agents include, for example, anti-microtubule agents (e.g., tubulysins, auristatins (including MMAE, MMAF, MMAD) and maytansinoids) , DNA minor groove binders (e.g. the dimers of pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) or indolinobenzodiazepines (IGN) and their pseudo-dimers) , RNA polymerase II inhibitors (e.g., amatoxins) , inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I (e.g., camptothecins, including SN38, exatecan, belotecan, and topotecan) and DNA topoisomerase II (e.g. anthracyclines, including doxorubicins) , and DNA alkylating agents (e.g., duocarmycin, CC-1065, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers or pseudodimers or indolinobenzodiazepine pseudodimers) . Examples of specific cytotoxic agents that may be used in the ADC described herein include, but are not limited to, tubulysins, amanitins, auristatins, calicheamicin, camptothecins, daunomycins, doxorubicins, duocarmycins, dolastatins, enediynes, lexitropsins, taxanes, puromycins, maytansinoids, vinca alkaloids, and pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers (PBDs) . More specifically, the cytotoxic agent may be, for example tubulysins, auristatins (e.g. AFP, MMAF, MMAE, AEB, AEVB, E) , paclitaxels, docetaxels, CC-1065 (ducarmysin, DC1, DC4, CBI-dimers) , camptothecins (e.g. SN-38, topotecans, belotecan, exatecan) , morpholino-doxorubicin, rhizoxin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, dolastatin-10, echinomycin, combretatstatin, chalicheamicin, maytansine (DM1, DM4, DM21) , vinblastine, methotrexate, netropsin, or derivatives or analogs thereof. Cytotoxins suitable for use in ADCs are also described in, for example, International Patent Application Publication No. PCT / CN2021 / 128453.
[0180] In general, a chemotherapeutic agent or a functional compound can also be conjugated to the antibody of this invention. A chemotherapeutic agent or a functional compound is selected from the group consisting of: (1) , Chemotherapeutic agents:
[0181] a) . an alkylating agent: selected from the group consisting of nitrogen mustards: chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, mannomustine, mitobronitol, melphalan, mitolactol, pipobroman, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, thiotepa, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; CC-1065 and adozelesin, carzelesin, bizelesin or their synthetic analogues; duocarmycin and its synthetic analogues, KW-2189, CBI-TMI, or CBI dimers; benzodiazepine dimers or pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers, tomaymycin dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, imidazobenzothiadiazepine dimers, or oxazolidinobenzodiazepine dimers; Nitrosoureas: comprising carmustine, lomustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, nimustine, ranimustine; Alkylsulphonates: comprising busulfan, treosulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan) ; Triazenes or dacarbazine; Platinum containing compounds: comprising carboplatin, cisplatin, and oxaliplatin; aziridines, benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, or uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, trietylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphoramide and trimethylolomelamine] ;
[0182] b) . A plant alkaloid: selected from the group consisting of Vinca alkaloids: comprising vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, vinorelbine, and navelbin; Taxoids: comprising paclitaxel, docetaxol and their analogs, Maytansinoids comprising DM1, DM2, DM3, DM4, DM5, DM6, DM7, DM21, maytansine, ansamitocins and their analogs, cryptophycins (including the group consisting of cryptophycin 1 and cryptophycin 8) ; epothilones, eleutherobin, discodermolide, bryostatins, dolostatins, auristatins, tubulysins, cephalostatins; pancratistatin; erbulins, a sarcodictyin; spongistatin;
[0183] c) . A DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitor: selected from the groups of Epipodophyllins: comprising 9-aminocamptothecin, camptothecin, crisnatol, daunomycin, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, irinotecan, mitoxantrone, novantrone, retinoic acids (or retinols) , teniposide, topotecan, 9-nitrocamptothecin or RFS 2000; and mitomycins and their analogs;
[0184] d) . An antimetabolite: selected from the group consisting of { [Anti-folate: (DHFR inhibitors: comprising methotrexate, trimetrexate, denopterin, pteropterin, aminopterin (4-aminopteroic acid) or folic acid analogues) ; IMP dehydrogenase Inhibitors: (comprising mycophenolic acid, tiazofurin, ribavirin, EICAR) ; Ribonucleotide reductase Inhibitors: (comprising hydroxyurea, deferoxamine) ] ; [pyrimidine analogs: Uracil analogs: (comprising ancitabine, azacitidine, 6-azauridine, capecitabine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, 5-fluorouracil, floxuridine, ratitrexed (Tomudex) ) ; Cytosine analogs: (comprising cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside, fludarabine) ; Purine analogs: (comprising azathioprine, fludarabine, mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine) ] ; folic acid replenisher, frolinic acid} ; and Inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) ;
[0185] e) . A hormonal therapy: selected from the group consisting of {Receptor antagonists: [Anti-estrogen: (comprising megestrol, raloxifene, tamoxifen) ; LHRH agonists: (comprising goscrclin, leuprolide acetate) ; Anti-androgens: (comprising bicalutamide, flutamide, calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, goserelin, leuprolide, mepitiostane, nilutamide, testolactone, trilostane and other androgens inhibitors) ] ; Retinoids / Deltoids: [Vitamin D3 analogs: (comprising CB 1093, EB 1089 KH 1060, cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol) ; Photodynamic therapies: (comprising verteporfin, phthalocyanine, photosensitizer Pc4, demethoxyhypocrellin A) ; Cytokines: (comprising Interferon-alpha, Interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNFs) , human proteins containing a TNF domain) ] } ;
[0186] f) . A kinase inhibitor, selected from the group consisting of BIBW 2992 (anti-EGFR / Erb2) , imatinib, gefitinib, pegaptanib, sorafenib, dasatinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, nilotinib, lapatinib, axitinib, pazopanib. vandetanib, E7080 (anti-VEGFR2) , mubritinib, ponatinib (AP24534) , bafetinib (INNO-406) , bosutinib (SKI-606) , cabozantinib, vismodegib, iniparib, ruxolitinib, CYT387, axitinib, neratinib, tivozanib, sorafenib, bevacizumab, cetuximab, Trastuzumab, Ranibizumab, Panitumumab, ispinesib;
[0187] g) . A poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors selected from the group consisting of olaparib, niraparib, iniparib, talazoparib, veliparib, CEP 9722 (Cephalon’s ) , E7016 (Eisai's ) , BGB-290 (BeiGene’s ) , or 3-aminobenzamide.
[0188] h) . An antibiotic, selected from the group consisting of an enediyne antibiotic (selected from the group consisting of calicheamicin, calicheamicin γ1, δ1, α1 or β1; dynemicin, including dynemicin A and deoxydynemicin; esperamicin, kedarcidin, C-1027, maduropeptin, or neocarzinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne antibiotic chromomophores) , aclacinomycins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin, carminomycin, carzinophilin; chromomycins, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, doxorubicin, morpholino-doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin and deoxydoxorubicin, epirubicin, eribulin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, nitomycins, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin;
[0189] i) . A polyketide (acetogenin) , bullatacin and bullatacinone; gemcitabine, epoxomicins andcarfilzomib, bortezomib, thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, tosedostat, zybrestat, PLX4032, STA-9090, Stimuvax, allovectin-7, Xegeva, Provenge, Yervoy, Isoprenylation inhibitors and Lovastatin, Dopaminergic neurotoxins and1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, Cell cycle inhibitors (selected from staurosporine) , Actinomycins (comprising Actinomycin D, dactinomycin) , amanitins, Bleomycins (comprising bleomycin A2, bleomycin B2, peplomycin) , Anthracyclines (comprising daunorubicin, doxorubicin (adriamycin) , idarubicin, epirubicin, pirarubicin, zorubicin, mtoxantrone, MDR inhibitors or verapamil, Ca2+ATPase inhibitors or thapsigargin, Histone deacetylase inhibitors ( (comprising Vorinostat, Romidepsin, Panobinostat, Valproic acid, Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) , Belinostat, PCI-24781, Entinostat, SB939, Resminostat, Givinostat, AR-42, CUDC-101, sulforaphane, Trichostatin A) ; Thapsigargin, Celecoxib, glitazones, epigallocatechin gallate, Disulfiram, Salinosporamide A.; Anti-adrenals, selected from the group consisting of aminoglutethimide, mitotane, trilostane; aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; amsacrine; arabinoside, bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate; defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; eflornithine (DFMO) , elfomithine; elliptinium acetate, etoglucid; gallium nitrate; gacytosine, hydroxyurea; ibandronate, lentinan; lonidamine; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidamol; nitracrine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; podophyllinic acid; 2-ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; razoxane; rhizoxin; sizofiran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2, 2', 2”-trichlorotriethylamine; trichothecenes (including the group consisting ofT-2 toxin, verrucarin A, roridin A and anguidine) ; urethane, siRNA, antisense drugs;
[0190] (2) . An anti-autoimmune disease agent: cyclosporine, cyclosporine A, aminocaproic acid, azathioprine, bromocriptine, chlorambucil, chloroquine, cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids (including the group consisting of amcinonide, betamethasone, budesonide, hydrocortisone, flunisolide, fluticasone propionate, fluocortolone danazol, dexamethasone, Triamcinolone acetonide, beclometasone dipropionate) , DHEA, enanercept, hydroxychloroquine, infliximab, meloxicam, methotrexate, mofetil, mycophenylate, prednisone, sirolimus, tacrolimus.
[0191] (3) . An anti-infectious disease agents comprising:
[0192] a) . Aminoglycosides: amikacin, astromicin, gentamicin (netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin) , hygromycin B, kanamycin (amikacin, arbekacin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin) , neomycin (framycetin, paromomycin, ribostamycin) , netilmicin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, verdamicin;
[0193] b) . Amphenicols: azidamfenicol, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, thiamphenicol;
[0194] c) . Ansamycins: geldanamycin, herbimycin;
[0195] d) . Carbapenems: biapenem, doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem / cilastatin, meropenem, panipenem;
[0196] e) . Cephems: carbacephem (loracarbef) , cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefradine, cefadroxil, cefalonium, cefaloridine, cefalotin or cefalothin, cefalexin, cefaloglycin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazaflur, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefbuperazone, cefcapene, cefdaloxime, cefepime, cefminox, cefoxitin, cefprozil, cefroxadine, ceftezole, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefepime, cefetamet, cefmenoxime, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, ceforanide, cefotaxime, cefotiam, cefozopran, cephalexin, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, cefteram, ceftibuten, ceftiolene, ceftizoxime, ceftobiprole, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefuzonam, cephamycin (cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefmetazole) , oxacephem (flomoxef, latamoxef) ;
[0197] f) . Glycopeptides: bleomycin, vancomycin (oritavancin, telavancin) , teicoplanin (dalbavancin) , ramoplanin;
[0198] g) . Glycylcyclines: tigecycline;
[0199] h) . β-Lactamase inhibitors: penam (sulbactam, tazobactam) , clavam (clavulanic acid) ;
[0200] i) . Lincosamides: clindamycin, lincomycin;
[0201] j) . Lipopeptides: daptomycin, A54145, calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDA) ;
[0202] k) . Macrolides: azithromycin, cethromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, flurithromycin, josamycin, ketolide (telithromycin, cethromycin) , midecamycin, miocamycin, oleandomycin, rifamycins (rifampicin, rifampin, rifabutin, rifapentine) , rokitamycin, roxithromycin, spectinomycin, spiramycin, tacrolimus (FK506) , troleandomycin, telithromycin;
[0203] l) . Monobactams: aztreonam, tigemonam;
[0204] m) . Oxazolidinones: linezolid;
[0205] n) . Penicillins: amoxicillin, ampicillin, pivampicillin, hetacillin, bacampicillin, metampicillin, talampicillin, azidocillin, azlocillin, benzylpenicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin, clometocillin, procaine benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin (carindacillin) , cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, epicillin, flucloxacillin, mecillinam (pivmecillinam) , mezlocillin, meticillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, penamecillin, penicillin, pheneticillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, piperacillin, propicillin, sulbenicillin, temocillin, ticarcillin;
[0206] o) . Polypeptides: bacitracin, colistin, polymyxin B;
[0207] p) . Quinolones: alatrofloxacin, balofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, floxin, garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, kano trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, marbofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, norfloxacin, orbifloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, tosufloxacin, trovafloxacin;
[0208] q) . Streptogramins: pristinamycin, quinupristin / dalfopristin;
[0209] r) . Sulfonamides: mafenide, prontosil, sulfacetamide, sulfamethizole, sulfanilimide, sulfasalazine, sulfisoxazole, trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) ;
[0210] s) . Steroid antibacterials: selected from fusidic acid;
[0211] t) . Tetracyclines: doxycycline, chlortetracycline, clomocycline, demeclocycline, lymecycline, meclocycline, metacycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, penimepicycline, rolitetracycline, tetracycline, glycylcyclines (including tigecycline) ;
[0212] u) . Other antibiotics: selected from the group consisting of annonacin, arsphenamine, bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin) , DADAL / AR inhibitors (cycloserine) , dictyostatin, discodermolide, eleutherobin, epothilone, ethambutol, etoposide, faropenem, fusidic acid, furazolidone, isoniazid, laulimalide, metronidazole, mupirocin, mycolactone, NAM synthesis inhibitors (fosfomycin) , nitrofurantoin, paclitaxel, platensimycin, pyrazinamide, quinupristin / dalfopristin, rifampicin (rifampin) , tazobactam tinidazole, uvaricin;
[0213] (4) . Anti-viral drugs comprising:
[0214] a) . Entry / fusion inhibitors: aplaviroc, maraviroc, vicriviroc, gp41 (enfuvirtide) , PRO 140, CD4 (ibalizumab) ;
[0215] b) . Integrase inhibitors: raltegravir, elvitegravir, globoidnan A;
[0216] c) . Maturation inhibitors: bevirimat, vivecon;
[0217] d) . Neuraminidase inhibitors: oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir;
[0218] e) . Nucleosides &nucleotides: abacavir, aciclovir, adefovir, amdoxovir, apricitabine, brivudine, cidofovir, clevudine, dexelvucitabine, didanosine (ddI) , elvucitabine, emtricitabine (FTC) , entecavir, famciclovir, fluorouracil (5-FU) , 3’-fluoro-substituted 2’, 3’-dideoxynucleoside analogues (including the group consisting of3’-fluoro-2’, 3’-dideoxythymidine (FLT) and 3’-fluoro-2’, 3’-dideoxyguanosine (FLG) , fomivirsen, ganciclovir, idoxuridine, lamivudine (3TC) , l-nucleosides (including the group consisting of β-l-thymidine and β-l-2’-deoxycytidine) , penciclovir, racivir, ribavirin, stampidine, stavudine (d4T) , taribavirin (viramidine) , telbivudine, tenofovir, trifluridine valaciclovir, valganciclovir, zalcitabine (ddC) , zidovudine (AZT) ;
[0219] f) . Non-nucleosides: amantadine, ateviridine, capravirine, diarylpyrimidines (etravirine, rilpivirine) , delavirdine, docosanol, emivirine, efavirenz, foscarnet (phosphonoformic acid) , imiquimod, interferon alfa, loviride, lodenosine, methisazone, nevirapine, NOV-205, peginterferon alfa, podophyllotoxin, rifampicin, rimantadine, resiquimod (R-848) , tromantadine;
[0220] g) . Protease inhibitors: amprenavir, atazanavir, boceprevir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, pleconaril, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir (VX-950) , tipranavir;
[0221] h) . Other types of anti-virus drugs: abzyme, arbidol, calanolide a, ceragenin, cyanovirin-n, diarylpyrimidines, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) , foscarnet, griffithsin, taribavirin (viramidine) , hydroxyurea, KP-1461, miltefosine, pleconaril, portmanteau inhibitors, ribavirin, seliciclib.
[0222] (5) . A radioisotope that can be selected from the group consisting of (radionuclides) 3H, 11C, 14C, 18F, 32P, 35S, 64Cu, 68Ga, 86Y, 90Y, 99Tc, 111In, 123I, 124I, 125I, 131I, 133Xe, 177Lu, 203Pb, 212Pb, 211At, 213Bi, 224Ra and 225Ac. The metal radionuclides, 64Cu, 68Ga, 86Y, 90Y, 99Tc, 111In, 133Xe, 177Lu, 203Pb, 212Pb, 211At, 213Bi, 224Ra and 225Ac linked to an antibody through a chelator and a linker L1 of this patent application. The chelator is selected from DOTA, TETA, NOTA, NETA, DTPA, HBED, SHBED, and its structures are illustrated below:
[0223] (6) . A chromophore molecule, which is capable of absorbing UV light, florescent light, IR light, near IR light, visual light; A class or subclass of xanthophores, erythrophores, iridophores, leucophores, melanophores, cyanophores, fluorophore molecules which are fluorescent chemical compounds reemitting light upon light, visual phototransduction molecules, photophore molecules, luminescence molecules, luciferin compounds; Non-protein organic fluorophores, selected from: Xanthene derivatives (comprising fluorescein, rhodamine, Oregon green, eosin, and Texas red) ; Cyanine derivatives: (comprising cyanine, indocarbocyanine, oxacarbocyanine, thiacarbocyanine, and merocyanine) ; Squaraine derivatives and ring-substituted squaraines, including Seta, SeTau, and Square dyes; Naphthalene derivatives (comprising dansyl and prodan derivatives) ; Coumarin derivatives; Oxadiazole derivatives (comprising pyridyloxazole, nitrobenzoxadiazole and benzoxadiazole) ; Anthracene derivatives (comprising anthraquinones, including DRAQ5, DRAQ7 and CyTRAK Orange) ; Pyrene derivatives (cascade blue) ; Oxazine derivatives (comprising Nile red, Nile blue, cresyl violet, oxazine 170) . Acridine derivatives (comprising proflavin, acridine orange, acridine yellow) . Arylmethine derivatives (comprising auramine, crystal violet, malachite green) . Tetrapyrrole derivatives (comprising porphin, phthalocyanine, bilirubin) ; Any analogs and derivatives of the following fluorophore compounds comprising CF dye, DRAQ and CyTRAK probes, BODIPY, Alexa Fluor, DyLight Fluor, Atto and Tracy, FluoProbes, Abberior Dyes, DY and MegaStokes Dyes, Sulfo Cy dyes , HiLyte Fluor, Seta, SeTau and Square Dyes, Quasar and Cal Fluor dyes, SureLight Dyes (APC, RPEPerCP, Phycobilisomes) , APC, APCXL, RPE, BPE, Allophycocyanin (APC) , Aminocoumarin, APC-Cy7 conjugates, BODIPY-FL, Cascade Blue, Cy2, Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy3B, Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7, Fluorescein, FluorX, Hydroxycoumarin, Lissamine Rhodamine B, Lucifer yellow, Methoxycoumarin, NBD, Pacific Blue, Pacific Orange, PE-Cy5 conjugates, PE-Cy7 conjugates, PerCP, R-Phycoerythrin (PE) , Red 613, Seta-555-Azide, Seta-555-DBCO, Seta-555-NHS, Seta-580-NHS, Seta-680-NHS, Seta-780-NHS, Seta-APC-780, Seta-PerCP-680, Seta-R-PE-670, SeTau-380-NHS, SeTau-405-Maleimide, SeTau-405-NHS, SeTau-425-NHS, SeTau-647-NHS, Texas Red, TRITC, TruRed, X-Rhodamine, 7-AAD (7-aminoactinomycin D, CG-selective) , Acridine Orange, Chromomycin A3, CyTRAK Orange (red excitation dark) , DAPI, DRAQ5, DRAQ7, Ethidium Bromide, Hoechst33258, Hoechst33342, LDS 751, Mithramycin, PropidiumIodide (PI) , SYTOX Blue, SYTOX Green, SYTOX Orange, Thiazole Orange, TO-PRO: Cyanine Monomer, TOTO-1, TO-PRO-1, TOTO-3, TO-PRO-3, YOSeta-1, YOYO-1; A fluorophore compound: comprising DCFH (2'7'Dichorodihydro-fluorescein, oxidized form) , DHR (Dihydrorhodamine 123, oxidized form, light catalyzes oxidation) , Fluo-3 (AM ester. pH > 6) , Fluo-4 (AM ester. pH 7.2) , Indo-1 (AM ester, low / high calcium (Ca2+) ) , SNARF (pH 6 / 9) , Allophycocyanin (APC) , AmCyan1 (tetramer, Clontech) , AsRed2 (tetramer, Clontech) , Azami Green (monomer) , Azurite, B-phycoerythrin (BPE) , Cerulean, CyPet, DsRed monomer (Clontech) , DsRed2 ( "RFP" ) , EBFP, EBFP2, ECFP, EGFP (weak dimer) , Emerald (weak dimer) , EYFP (weak dimer) , GFP (S65A mutation) , GFP (S65C mutation) , GFP (S65L mutation) , GFP (S65T mutation) , GFP (Y66F mutation) , GFP (Y66H mutation) , GFP (Y66W mutation) , GFPuv, HcRed1, J-Red, Katusha, Kusabira Orange (monomer, MBL) , mCFP, mCherry, mCitrine, Midoriishi Cyan (dimer, MBL) , mKate (TagFP635, monomer) , mKeima-Red (monomer) , mKO, mOrange, mPlum, mRaspberry, mRFP1 (monomer) , mStrawberry, mTFP1, mTurquoise2, P3 (phycobilisome complex) , Peridinin Chlorophyll (PerCP) , R-phycoerythrin (RPE) , T-Sapphire, TagCFP (dimer) , TagGFP (dimer) , TagRFP (dimer) , TagYFP (dimer) , tdTomato (tandem dimer) , Topaz, TurboFP602 (dimer) , TurboFP635 (dimer) , TurboGFP (dimer) , TurboRFP (dimer) , TurboYFP (dimer) , Venus, Wild Type GFP, YPet, ZsGreen1 (tetramer) , ZsYellow1 (tetramer) and their derivatives.
[0224] (7) . The cell-binding ligands or receptor agonists, which can be selected from:
[0225] Folate derivatives; Glutamic acid urea derivatives; Somatostatin and its analogs (selected from the group consisting of octreotide (Sandostatin) and lanreotide (Somatuline) ) ; Aromatic sulfonamides; Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptides (PACAP) (PAC1) ; Vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP / PACAP) (VPAC1, VPAC2) ; Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-MSH) ; Cholecystokinins (CCK) / gastrin receptor agonists; Bombesins (selected from the group consisting ofPyr-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2) / gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) ; Neurotensin receptor ligands (NTR1, NTR2, NTR3) ; Substance P (NK1 receptor) ligands; Neuropeptide Y (Y1–Y6) ; Homing Peptides include RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) , NGR (Asn-Gly-Arg) , the dimeric and multimeric cyclic RGD peptides (selected from cRGDfV) , TAASGVRSMH and LTLRWVGLMS (Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2 receptor ligands) and F3 peptides; Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) ; Peptide Hormones, selected from the group consisting of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists and antagonists, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, acts by targeting follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) , as well as testosterone production, selected from the group consisting of buserelin, Gonadorelin, Goserelin, Histrelin, leuprolide, Nafarelin, Triptorelin, Nafarelin, Deslorelin, Abarelix, Cetrorelix, Degarelix, and Ganirelix; Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRRs) , selected from the group consisting of Toll-like receptors’ (TLRs) ligands, C-type lectins and Nodlike Receptors’ (NLRs) ligands; Calcitonin receptor agonists; integrin receptors’ and their receptor subtypes’ (selected from the group consisting ofαVβ1, αVβ3, αVβ5, αVβ6, α6β4, α7β1, αLβ2, αIIbβ3) agonists (selected from the group consisting of GRGDSPK, cyclo (RGDfV) (L1) and its derives [cyclo (-N (Me) R-GDfV) , cyclo (R-Sar-DfV) , cyclo (RG-N (Me) D-fV) , cyclo (RGD-N (Me) f-V) , cyclo (RGDf-N (Me) V-) (Cilengitide) ] ; Nanobody (aderivative of VHH (camelid Ig) ) ; Domain antibodies (dAb, a derivative of VH or VL domain) ; Bispecific T cell Engager (BiTE, a bispecific diabody) ; Dual Affinity ReTargeting (DART, a bispecific diabody) ; Tetravalent tandem antibodies (TandAb, a dimerized bispecific diabody) ; Anticalin (aderivative of Lipocalins) ; Adnectins (10th FN3 (Fibronectin) ) ; Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) ; Avimers; EGF receptors and VEGF receptors’ agonists; an immunotherapeutical short antibody-like protein, siRNA or DNA molecule.
[0226] (8) . The pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids, derivatives, hydrate, or hydrated salt; or a crystalline structure; or an optical isomer, racemate, diastereomer or enantiomer of any of the above drugs.
[0227] In another embodiment, the cytotoxic drug, Drug1 or / and Drug2, can be polyalkylene glycols that are used for extending the half-life of the cell-binding antibody, or antibody molecule when administered to a mammal. Polyalkylene glycols include, but are not limited to, poly (ethylene glycols) (PEGs) , poly (propylene glycol) and copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; particularly preferred are PEGs, and more particularly preferred are monofunctionally activated hydroxyPEGs (e.g., hydroxyl PEGs activated at a single terminus, including reactive esters of hydroxyPEG-monocarboxylic acids, hydroxyPEG-monoaldehydes, hydroxyPEG-monoamines, hydroxyPEG-monohydrazides, hydroxyPEG-monocarbazates, hydroxyl PEG-monoiodoacetamides, hydroxyl PEG-monomaleimides, hydroxyl PEG-monoorthopyridyl disulfides, hydroxyPEG-monooximes, hydroxyPEG-monophenyl carbonates, hydroxyl PEG-monophenyl glyoxals, hydroxyl PEG-monothiazolidine-2-thiones, hydroxyl PEG-monothioesters, hydroxyl PEG-monothiols, hydroxyl PEG-monotriazines and hydroxyl PEG-monovinylsulfones) .
[0228] In certain such embodiments, the polyalkylene glycol has a molecular weight of from about 10 Daltons to about 200 kDa, preferably about 88 Da to about 40 kDa; two branches each with a molecular weight of about 88 Da to about 40 kDa; and more preferably two branches, each of about 88 Da to about 20 kDa. In a particular embodiment, the polyalkylene glycol is poly (ethylene) glycol and has a molecular weight of about 10 kDa; about 20 kDa, or about 40 kDa. In specific embodiments, the PEG is a PEG 10 kDa (linear or branched) , a PEG 20 kDa (linear or branched) , or a PEG 40 kDa (linear or branched) . A number of US patents have disclosed the preparation of linear or branched “non-antigenic” PEG polymers and derivatives or conjugates thereof, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,428,128; 5,621,039; 5,622,986; 5,643,575; 5,728,560; 5,730,990; 5,738,846; 5,811,076; 5,824,701; 5,840,900; 5,880,131; 5,900,402; 5,902,588; 5,919,455; 5,951,974; 5,965,119; 5,965,566; 5,969,040; 5,981,709; 6,011,042; 6,042,822; 6,113,906; 6,127,355; 6,132,713; 6,177,087, and 6,180,095.
[0229] In yet another embodiment, the cytotoxic agent is more preferably selected from a tubulysin and its analogs, a maytansinoid and its analogs, a taxanoid (taxane) and its analogs, a CC-1065 and its analogs, a daunorubicin or doxorubicin and its analogs, an amatoxin and its analogs, a benzodiazepine dimer (e.g., a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, a tomaymycin dimer, an anthramycin dimer, an indolinobenzodiazepine dimer, an imidazobenzothiadiazepine dimer, or an oxazolidinobenzo-diazepine dimers, or their pseudo dimer) and their analogs, a calicheamicin and the enediyne antibiotic and their analogs, an actinomycin and its analogs, an azaserine and its analogs, a bleomycin and its analogs, an epirubicin and its analogs, a tamoxifen and its analogs, an idarubicin and its analogs, a dolastatin and its analogs, an auristatin (including monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) , MMAF, auristatin PYE, auristatin TP, Auristatins 2-AQ, 6-AQ, EB (AEB) , and EFP (AEFP) ) and its analogs, a combretastatin, a duocarmycin and its analogs, a camptothecin (CPT) and its analogs, a geldanamycin and its analogs, a methotrexate and its analogs, a thiotepa and its analogs, a vindesine and its analogs, a vincristine and its analogs, a hemiasterlin and its analogs, a nazumamide and its analogs, a spliceostatin, a pladienolide, a microginin and its analogs, a radiosumin and its analogs, an alterobactin and its analogs, a microsclerodermin and its analogs, a theonellamide and its analogs, an esperamicin and its analogs, PNU-159682 and its analogs, a protein kinase inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, a KSP inhibitor, a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor, an immunotoxin, a cell receptor agonist, a cell stimulating molecule or intracellular signaling molecule, one, two or more DNA, RNA, mRNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA) , microRNA (miRNA) , and PIWI interacting RNAs (piRNA) , and stereoisomers, isosteres, analogs, or derivatives thereof; .
[0230] In certain such embodiments, tubulysin and its analogs are preferably the cytotoxic agent of the present invention. Tubulysins can be isolated from natural sources according to known methods or prepared synthetically according to known methods (e.g. Balasubramanian, R., et al. J. Med. Chem., 2009, 52, 238–40; Wipf, P., et al. Org. Lett., 2004, 6, 4057–60; Pando, O., et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 7692–5; Reddy, J.A., et al. Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2009, 6, 1518–25; Raghavan, B., et al. J. Med. Chem., 2008, 51, 1530–33; Patterson, A.W., et al. J. Org. Chem., 2008, 73, 4362–9; Pando, O., et al. Org. Lett., 2009, 11 (24) , 5567–9; Wipf, P., et al. Org. Lett., 2007, 9 (8) , 1605–7; Friestad, G.K., Org. Lett., 2004, 6, 3249–52; Peltier, H.M., et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128, 16018–9; Chandrasekhar, S., et al J. Org. Chem., 2009, 74, 9531–4; Liu, Y., et al. Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2012, 9, 168–75; Friestad, G.K., et al. Org. Lett., 2009, 11, 1095–8; Kubicek, K., et al., Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2010.49: 4809-12; Chai, Y., et al., Chem Biol, 2010, 17: 296-309; Ullrich, A., et al., Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2009, 48, 4422-5; Sani, M., et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2007, 46, 3526-9; Domling, A., et al., Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2006, 45, 7235-9; Patent applications: Zanda, M., et al, Can. Pat. Appl. CA 2710693 (2011) ; Chai, Y., et al. Eur. Pat. Appl. 2174947 (2010) , WO 2010034724; Leamon, C. et al, WO2010033733, WO 2009002993; Ellman, J., et al, PCT WO2009134279; WO 2009012958, US appl. 20110263650, 20110021568; Matschiner, G., et al, WO2009095447; Vlahov, I., et al, WO2009055562, WO 2008112873; Low, P., et al, WO2009026177; Richter, W., WO2008138561; Kjems, J., et al, WO 2008125116; Davis, M.; et al, WO2008076333; Diener, J.; et al, U.S. Pat. Appl. 20070041901, WO2006096754; Matschiner, G., et al, WO2006056464; Vaghefi, F., et al, WO2006033913; Doemling, A., Ger. Offen. DE102004030227, WO2004005327, WO2004005326, WO2004005269; Stanton, M., et al, U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. 20040249130; Hoefle, G., et al, Ger. Offen. DE10254439, DE10241152, DE10008089; Leung, D., et al, WO2002077036; Reichenbach, H., et al, Ger. Offen. DE19638870; Wolfgang, R., US20120129779; Chen, H., US appl. 20110027274. The preferred structures of tubulysins for conjugation of cell binding molecules through process of the present patent application are described in the patent application of PCT / IB2012 / 053554.
[0231] Tubulysin analog having the following formula (IV) :
[0232] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrates, or hydrated salt; or a polymorphic crystalline structure; or an optical isomer, racemate, diastereomer or enantiomer thereof,
[0233] wherein is a linkage site that either one or two of them can link to L1 and / or L2 independently; when two of link to both L1 and L2, R1 and R2, or Z2 and Z3 are preferably the dual linkage sites;
[0234] wherein R1, R1’, R2, R3, and R4 are independently H, C1~C8 alkyl; C2~C8 heteroalkyl, or heterocyclic; C3~C8 aryl, Ar-alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, carbocyclic, or alkylcarbonyl; or R1R2, R1R3, R2R3, R3R4, or R5R6 form a 3~7 membered carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, heterocycloalkyl, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R1 and R2 can be independently absent when they link to L1 or L2 independently or simultaneously, Y1 is N or CH;
[0235] Preferably R1, R1’, R2, R3, and R4 are independently H, C1~C8 alkyl or heteroalkyl and Y1 is N;
[0236] wherein R5, R6, R8, R10 and R11 are independently H, or C1~C4 alkyl or heteroalkyl;
[0237] wherein R7 is independently H, R14, -R14C (=O) X1R15; or -R14X1R15; X1 is O, NH, CH2 or NR14;
[0238] wherein R9 is selected from H, OH, =O, -OR14, -OC (=O) R14, -OC (=O) NHR14, or -OC (=O) NR14R15; when R9 links L1 or L2, R9 is -O-, -OC (=O) NH-or -OC (=O) N (R14) -;
[0239] wherein R11 is H, or C1~C8 alkyl or C3~C8 Ar-alkyl;
[0240] wherein R12 is -COOH, -COSH, -CONH2, CONHNH2, CONHNHR15, -CONH (R15) , -COOR15, -R15COR16, -R15COOR16, -R15C (O) NH2, -R15C (O) NHR16, -COSR15, R15S (=O) 2R16, -R15P (=O) (OR17) 2, -R15OP (=O) (OR17) 2, -COOCH2OP (=O) (OR17) 2, -COX2SO2R17, -COOR15X2R16, tetrazole, imidazole, or triazole, where X2 is -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N (R15) -, -O-R15-, -S-R15-, CH2 or -NHR15-; when R12 links L1 or L2, R12 is -C (O) O-, -C (O) NH-, -C (=O) NHS (O) 2R15-or -C (=O) N (R15) -;
[0241] Preferably R12 is is -COOH, -CONH2, CONHNH2, CONHNHR15, -CONH (R15) , or -COOR15;
[0242] R13 and R14 are independently C1~C8 alkyl, heteroalkyl; C2-C8 of alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl; Preferably R13 and R14 are independently C1~C8 alkyl;
[0243] Z2 and Z3 are independently H, O, S, NH, N (R15) , NHNH, -OH, -SH, -NH2, NHNH2, -NH (R15) , -OR15, CO, -COX2, -COX2R16, R17, F, Cl, Br, I, SR16, NR16R17, N=NR16, N=R16, NO2, SOR16R17, SO2R16, SO3R16, OSO3R16, PR16R17, POR16R17, PO2R16R17, OP (O) (OR17) 2, OCH2OP (O) (OR17) 2, OC (O) R17, OC (O) OP (O) (OR17) 2, PO (OR16) (OR17) , OP (O) (OR17) OP (O) (OR17) 2, OC (O) NHR17; -O-(C4-C12 glycoside) , -N- (C4-C12 glycoside) ; C1~C8 alkyl, heteroalkyl; C2-C8 of alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, or 2-8 carbon atoms of esters, ether, or amide; or peptides containing 1-8 amino acids (NH (Aa) 1~8, or CO (Aa) 1~8 (which are respectively N-terminal or C-terminal 1 -8 the same or different amino acids) ) , or polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (OCH2CH2) p or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) p, wherein p is an integer from 0 to about 100, or combination of above groups thereof; X2 is O, S, S-S, NH, CH2, OH, SH, NH2, CHR15 or NR15;
[0244] Preferably Z2 and Z3 are independently H, O, NH, NHNH, -OH, -NH2, NHNH2, -NH (R15) , -OR15, CO, -COX2, -COX2R16,
[0245] R15, R16 and R17 are independently H, C1~C8 alkyl, heteroalkyl; C2-C8 of alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, or Na+, K+, Cs+, Li+, Ca2+, Mg+, Zn2+, N+ (R1) (R2) (R3) (R4) , HN+ (C2H5OH) 3 salt; Preferably R15, R16 and R17 are independently H, C1~C8 alkyl;
[0246] Y1 and Y2 are independently N or CH; q is 0 or 1; when q=0, Y3 does not exist, Y4, Y5, Y6 and Y7 are independently CH, N, NH, O, S, or N (R1) , thus Y2, Y4, Y5, Y6 and Y7form a heteroaromatic ring of furan, pyrrole thiophene, thiazole, oxazole and imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, thiadiazole; when q=1, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6 and Y7 are independently CH or N, thus Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6 and Y7 form aromatic ring of benzene, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, tetrazine, pentazine;
[0247] Examples of the structures of the tubulysin analogs are shown below:
[0248] wherein R20 is H; C1-C8 of linear or branched alkyl or heteroalkyl; C2-C8 of alkylcarbonyl, carbonate (-C (O) OR17) , carbamate (-C (O) NR17R18) ; or 1-8 carbon atoms of carboxylate, esters, ether, or amide; or 1~8 amino acids; or polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (OCH2CH2) p or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) p, wherein p is an integer from 0 to about 100; or R20 is absent and the oxygen forms a ketone, or combination above groups thereof;
[0249] Z3 and Z3 are independently H, OH, NH2, O, NH, COOH, COO, C (O) , C (O) NH, C (O) NH2, R18, OCH2OP (O) (OR18) 2, OC (O) OP (O) (OR18) 2, OPO (OR18) 2, NHPO (OR18) 2, OP (O) (OR18) OP (O) (OR18) 2, OC (O) R18, OC (O) NHR18, OSO2 (OR18) , O- (C4-C12-glycoside) , carbonate (-C (O) OR17) , carbamate (-C (O) NR17R18) ; R17and R18 are independently H, linear or branched alkyl or heteroalkyl;
[0250] R19 is H, OH, NH2, OSO2 (OR18) , XCH2OP (O) (OR18) 2, XPO (OR18) 2, XC (O) OP (O) (OR18) 2, XC (O) R18, XC (O) NHR18, C1~C8 alkyl or carboxylate; or pharmaceutical salts;
[0251] X is O, S, NH, NHNH, or CH2;
[0252] R7 is defined the same above; wherein the linkage sites, in formula IV-01 ~ IV-79 are having the same indication according to formula (IV) .
[0253] In certain such embodiments, calicheamicins and their related enediyne antibiotics are preferably the cytotoxic agent of the present invention. They were described in: Nicolaou, K. C. et al, Science 1992, 256, 1172-1178; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA. 1993, 90, 5881-8) , U.S. Patent Nos. 4,970,198; 5,053,394; 5,108,912; 5,264,586; 5,384,412; 5,606,040; 5,712,374; 5,714,586; 5,739,116; 5,770,701; 5,770,710; 5,773,001; 5,877,296; 6,015,562; 6,124,310; 8,153,768. Exemplary enediynes include, but are not limited to, calicheamicin, esperamicin, uncialamicin, dynemicin, and their derivatives. The structure of calicheamicins is preferred the following formula:
[0254] or an isotope of a chemical element, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrates, or hydrated salt; or a polymorphic crystalline structure; or an optical isomer, racemate, diastereomer or enantiomer thereof,
[0255] wherein is the site linked to L1 or L2;
[0256] In certain such embodiments, Geldanamycins are benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic that bind to Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) and are preferably the cytotoxic agent of the present invention. Exemplary geldanamycins include, but are not limited to, 17-AAG (17-N-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin) and 17-DMAG (17-Dimethylamino-ethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin) , having the following formula:
[0257] wherein is the site linked to L1 or L2;
[0258] In certain such embodiments, Maytansines or their derivatives maytansinoids inhibit cell proliferation by inhibiting the mcirotubules formation during mitosis through inhibition of polymerization of tubulin, and are preferably the cytotoxic agent of the present invention. See Remillard et al., Science 189: 1002-1005 (1975) . Exemplary maytansines and maytansinoids include, but are not limited to, mertansines (DM1, DM4) , maytansinol and its derivatives as well as ansamitocin. Maytansinoids are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,256,746, 4,361,650, 4,307,016, 4,294,757, 4,294,757, 4,371,533, 4,424,219, 4,331,598, 4,450,254, 4,364,866, 4,313,946, 4,315,929 4,362,663, 4,322,348, 4,371,533, 4,424,219, 5,208,020, 5,416,064, 5,208,020; 5,416,064; 6,333.410; 6,441,163; 6,716,821, 7,276,497, 7,301,019, 7,303,749, 7,368,565, 7,411,063, 7,851,432, and 8,163,888. The structure of maytansinoids is preferred the following formula:
[0259] wherein is the site linked to L1 or L2.
[0260] In certain such embodiments, cryptophycin or their derivatives are preferably the cytotoxic agent of the present invention. The cryptophycins are a family of 16-membered macrolide antimitotic agents isolated from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. The mechanism of anticancer activity of the cryptophycins has been associated with their destabilization of microtubules and induction of bcl-2 phosphorylation leading to apoptosis. Cryptophycins demonstrated activity against the wide spectrum of solid tumors including those that overexpress the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein.
[0261] The structures of cryptophycins of this invention are preferred the following formula:
[0262] X is O or NH, and is the site linked to L1 or L2.
[0263] In certain such embodiments, camptothecins (CPTs) and its derivatives are preferably the cytotoxic agent of the present invention. CPTs are topoisomerase I inhibitors to prevent DNA re-ligation and therefore to causes DNA damage resulting in apoptosis, and are described in: Shang, X.F. et al, Med Res Rev. 2018, 38 (3) : 775-828; Botella, P. and Rivero-Buceta, E. J Control Release. 2017, 247: 28-54; Martino, E. et al, Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2017, 27 (4) : 701-707; Lu, A., et al, Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007, 28 (2) : 307–314. It includes SN-38, Topotecan, Irinotecan (CPT-11) , Silatecan (DB-67, AR-67) , Cositecan (BNP-1350) , Etirinotecan, Exatecan, Lurtotecan, Gimatecan (ST1481) , Belotecan (CKD-602) , Rubitecan and several others (Shang, X.F. et al, Med Res Rev. 2018, 38 (3) : 775-828) . So far three CPT analogues, topotecan, irinotecan, and belotecan have been approved and are used in cancer chemotherapy (Palakurthi, S., Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015; 12 (12) : 1911-21; Shang, X. F. et al, Med Res Rev. 2018, 38 (3) : 775-828) and both SN-38 and Exatecan have been successfully used as payloads for ADC conjugates in the clinical trials (Ocean, A.J. et al, Cancer. 2017, 123 (19) : 3843-3854; Starodub, A.N., et al, Clin Cancer Res. 2015, 21 (17) : 3870-8; Cardillo, T.M., et al, Bioconjug Chem. 2015, 26 (5) : 919-31; Ogitani, Y. et al, Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2016, 26 (20) : 5069-5072; Takegawa, N. et al, Int J Cancer. 2017 Oct 15; 141 (8) : 1682-1689. US patents 7,591,994; 7,999,083, 8,080,250, 8,268,317; US patent applications 20130090458, 20140099258, 20150297748, 20160279259) .
[0264] The structure of Camptothecin (CPT) used for the patent is illustrated below formula:
[0265] or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the optical isomers, racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers; wherein R1, R2 and R4 are independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, C1~C8 alkyl; O-C1~C8 alkyl; NH-C1~C8 alkyl; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl; or C2-C8 of esters, ether, amide, carbonate, urea, or carbamate; R3 is H, OH, NH2, C1~C8 alkyl; O-C1~C8 alkyl; NH-C1~C8 alkyl; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, O-C2~C8 alkylamine, NH-C2~C8 alkylamine, O-C2~C8 alkylalcohol, NH-C2~C8 alkylalcohol; or C2~C8 (2-8 carbon atoms) of esters, ether, amide, carbonate, urea, or carbamate; or R1R2, R2R3 and R3R4 independently form a 5~7 membered carbocyclic, heterocyclic, heterocycloalkyl, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; is the site in the molecule that can be linked to L1 or L2.
[0266] The structures of camptothecins are preferred the following formula:
[0267] or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the optical isomers, racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers; wherein is the site linked to L1 or L2;
[0268] Wherein P1 and R1 are independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, SO2R2, SO3H, CN, OH, NH2, COOH, C (O) NH2, OCH2OP (O) (OR18) 2, OC (O) OP (O) (OR18) 2, OPO (OR18) 2, NHPO (OR18) 2, OC (O) R18, OP (O) (OR18) OP (O) (OR18) 2, OC (O) NHR18, OC (O) N (C2H4) 2NCH3, OSO2 (OR18) , O- (C4-C12-glycoside) , OC (O) N (C2H4) 2CH2N (C2H4) 2CH3, O- (C1-C8 of linear or branched alkyl) , O- (C1-C8 of linear or branched alkyl) -OH, C1-C8 of linear or branched alkyl or heteroalkyl; C2-C8 of linear or branched alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 linear or branched of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl; carbonate (-C (O) OR17) , carbamate (-C (O) NR17R18) ;
[0269] R2, R3 and R4 are independently H, C1-C8 of linear or branched alkyl, or heteroalkyl, C2-C8 of linear or branched ether, amine, ester, or amide; in addition, R2 and R3 can be joint together to form five-or six-member ring or cycloalkyl, cycloalkylamine, or cycloalkylamide, cyclohexylalkylamide; R17and R18 are independently H, linear or branched alkyl or heteroalkyl;
[0270] X is NH, O, S, S (O2) , NHS (O2) , NHS (O2) NH, NHP (O) (OH) , N+ (R2) (R3) , NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) , NHC (O) O, N (CH2CH2) 2N, CON (CH2CH2) 2N, CON (CH2CH2) 2N+ (R2) (R3) , NHCH2, N (CH3) , OCH2, or CH2.
[0271] In certain such embodiments, Combretastatins are natural phenols with vascular disruption properties in tumors and are preferably the cytotoxic agent of the invention. Exemplary combretastatins and their derivatives include, but are not limited to, combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) , CA4-βGals, CA-4PD, CA4-NPs and ombrabulin, having the following formula:
[0272] In certain such embodiments, Taxanes, which includes Paclitaxel (Taxol) , a cytotoxic natural product, and docetaxel (Taxotere) , a semi-synthetic derivative, and their analogs, are preferred for conjugation. Taxanes are exampled in: K C. Nicolaou et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 2409-20, (1995) ; Ojima et al, J. Med. Chem. 39: 3889-3896 (1996) ; 40: 267-78 (1997) ; 45, 5620-3 (2002) ; Ojima et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 96: 4256-61 (1999) ; Kim et al., Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 20, 1389-90 (1999) ; Miller, et al. J. Med. Chem., 47, 4802-5 (2004) ; U.S. Patent No. 5,475,011 5,728,849, 5,811,452; 6,340,701; 6,372,738; 6,391,913, 6.436,931; 6,589,979; 6,596,757; 6,706,708; 7,008,942; 7,186,851; 7,217,819; 7,276,499; 7,598,290; and 7,667,054. The structures of taxanes are preferred the following formula:
[0273] wherein is the site linked to L1 or L2; Ar and Ar’ are independently aryl or heteroaryl.
[0274] In certain such embodiments, Anthracyclines are preferably the cytotoxic agents of the invention. Anthracyclines are mammalian DNA topoisomerases II inhibitors that are able to stabilize enzyme-DNA complexes wherein DNA strands are cut and covalently linked to the antibody. These anticancer agents maintain a prominent role in treating many forms of solid tumors and acute leukemias during the last several decades. However, anthracyclines cause cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (Sagi, J.C., et al, Pharmacogenomics. 2016, 17 (9) , 1075-87; McGowan, J.V., et al, Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2017, 31 (1) , 63-75) . Thus, to enhance specific activity of such molecules while reducing the cardiotoxicity, researchers actively are using the conjugation of anthracyclines to a cell-binding antibody, or antibody molecule as a general approach for improving the therapeutic index of these drugs, (Mollaev, M. et al, Int J Pharm. 2018 Dec 29. pii: S0378-5173 (18) 30991-8; Rossin, R., et al, Bioconjug Chem. 2016, 27 (7) : 1697-706; Dal Corso, A., et al, J Control Release. 2017, 264: 211-218) . Exemplary anthracyclines include, but are not limited to, daunorubicin, doxorubicin (i.e., adriamycin) , epirubicin, idarubicin, valrubicin, and mitoxantrone. The structures of anthracyclines used for the present application are preferred the following formula:
[0275] wherein is the site that links to L1 or L2.
[0276] In certain such embodiments, Vinca alkaloids are preferably the cytotoxic agents of the invention. Vinca alkaloids are a set of anti-mitotic and anti-microtubule alkaloid agents that work by inhibiting the ability of cancer cells to divide. Vinca alkaloids include vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, leurosine, vinorelbine, catharanthine, vindoline, vincaminol, vineridine, minovincine, methoxyminovincine, minovincinine, vincadifformine, desoxyvincaminol, vincamajine, vincamine, vinpocetine, and vinburnine. The vinca alkaloids are preferred vinblastine, vincristine, and their analogs, having the following formula:
[0277] wherein is the site linked to L1 or L2;
[0278] In certain such embodiments, Dolastatins and their peptides’ analogs and derivatives, auristatins, are preferably the cytotoxic agents of the invention. They are highly potent antimitotic agents that have been shown to have anticancer and antifungal activity. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,149 and Pettit et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42: 2961-2965, 1998. Exemplary dolastatins and auristatins include, but are not limited to, dolastatin 10, auristatin E (AE) , auristatin EB (AEB) , auristatin EFP (AEFP) , MMAD (Monomethyl Auristatin D or monomethyl dolastatin 10) , MMAF (Monomethyl Auristatin F or N-methylvaline-valine-dolaisoleuine-dolaproine-phenylalanine) , MMAE (Monomethyl Auristatin E or N-methylvaline-valine-dolaisoleuine-dolaproine-norephedrine) , 5-benzoylvaleric acid-AE ester (AEVB) , Auristatin F phenylene diamine (AFP) and other novel auristatins. The auristatins are described in Int. J. Oncol. 15: 367-72 (1999) ; Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 921-32 (2004) ; U.S. Application Nos. 11134826, 20060074008, 2006022925. U.S. Patent Nos. 4414205, 4753894, 4764368, 4816444, 4879278, 4943628, 4978744, 5122368, 5165923, 5169774, 5286637, 5410024, 5521284, 5530097, 5554725, 5585089, 5599902, 5629197, 5635483, 5654399, 5663149, 5665860, 5708146, 5714586, 5741892, 5767236, 5767237, 5780588, 5821337, 5840699, 5965537, 6004934, 6033876, 6034065, 6048720, 6054297, 6054561, 6124431, 6143721, 6162930, 6214345, 6239104, 6323315, 6342219, 6342221, 6407213, 6569834, 6620911, 6639055, 6884869, 6913748, 7090843, 7091186, 7097840, 7098305, 7098308, 7498298, 7375078, 7462352, 7553816, 7659241, 7662387, 7745394, 7754681, 7829531, 7837980, 7837995, 7902338, 7964566, 7964567, 7851437, 7994135. The structures of auristatin analogs are preferred the following formula (Ih-01) , (Ih-02) , (Ih-03) , (Ih-04) , (Ih-05) , (Ih-06) , (Ih-07) , (Ih-08) , (Ih-09) , (Ih-10) , and (Ih-11) :
[0279] or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the optical isomers, diastereomers or enantiomers;
[0280] wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently H; C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, ester, ether, amide, amines, heterocycloalkyl, or acyloxylamines; or peptides containing 1-8 aminoacids, or polyethyleneoxy unit having formula (OCH2CH2) p or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) p, wherein p is an integer from 1 to about 100. The two Rs: R1R2, R2R3, R1R3 or R3R4 together can form 3~8 member cyclic ring of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, or alkylcycloalkyl group; Y1 and Y2 are independently O, NH, NHNH, NR5, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1 when linked to the connecting site (that links to L1 and / or L2 independently) ; or OH, NH2, NHNH2, NHR5, SH, C (O) OH, C (O) NH2, OC (O) NH2, OC (O) OH, NHC (O) NH2, NHC (O) SH, OC (O) NH (R1) , N (R1) C (O) NH (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) OH and C (O) NHR1 when not linked to the connecting site R12 is OH, NH2, NHR1, NHNH2, NHNHCOOH, O-R1-COOH, NH-R1-COOH, NH- (Aa) nCOOH, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2OH, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, NR1R1’, NHOH, NHOR1, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2COOH, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2COOH, NH-Ar-COOH, NH-Ar-NH2, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH-SO3H, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NHSO3H, R1-NHSO3H, NH-R1-NHSO3H, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2-CH2NHPO3H2, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NHPO3H2, OR1, R1-NHPO3H2, R1-OPO3H2, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2OPO3H2, OR1-NHPO3H2, NH-R1-NHPO3H2, NH (CH2CH2NH) pCH2-CH2NH2, NH (CH2CH2S) pCH2CH2NH2, NH (CH2CH2NH) pCH2CH2OH, NH (CH2CH2S) pCH2-CH2OH, NH-R1-NH2, or NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NHPO3H2, wherein Aa is 1-8 the same or different aminoacids; p is 1 -100; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R5’, Z1, Z2, and n are defined the same above.
[0281] Preferably R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R5’ are independently H, C1-C8 alkyl, alkylcarbonyl; Y1 and Y2 are independently O, NH, NHNH, NR5, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, C (O) NHNHC (O) , C (O) NR1 OH, NH2, NHNH2, NHR5, C (O) OH, C (O) NH2, OC (O) NH2, OC (O) OH, NHC (O) NH2.
[0282] In certain such embodiments, Hemiasterlin and its analogues (e.g., HTI-286) are preferably the cytotoxic agents of the invention. They bind to the tubulin, disrupt normal microtubule dynamics, and, at stoichiometric amounts, depolymerize microtubules. The structures of hemiasterlins are preferred the following formula:
[0283] wherein wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently H; C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, ester, ether, amide, amines, heterocycloalkyl, or acyloxylamines; or peptides containing 1-8 aminoacids, or polyethyleneoxy unit having formula (OCH2CH2) p or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) p, wherein p is an integer from 1 to about 100; In addition, R2R3 can form 3~8 member cyclic ring of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, or alkylcycloalkyl group.
[0284] In certain such embodiments, Eribulin which is binding predominantly to a small number of high affinity sites at the plus ends of existing microtubules has both cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic mechanisms of action. Its cytotoxic effects are related to its antimitotic activities, wherein apoptosis of cancer cells is induced following prolonged and irreversible mitotic blockade (Kuznetsov, G. et al, Cancer Research. 2004, 64 (16) : 5760-6.; Towle, M. J, et al, Cancer Research. 2010, 71 (2) : 496-505) . In addition to its cytotoxic, antimitotic-based mechanisms, preclinical studies in human breast cancer models have shown that eribulin also exerts complex effects on the biology of surviving cancer cells and residual tumors that appear unrelated to its antimitotic effects. Eribulin has been approved by US FDA for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer who have received at least two prior chemotherapy regimens for late-stage disease, including both anthracycline-and taxane-based chemotherapies, as well as for the treatment of liposarcoma (aspecific type of soft tissue sarcoma) that cannot be removed by surgery (unresectable) or is advanced (metastatic) . Eribulin has been used as payload for ADC conjugates (US20170252458) . The structure of Eribulin is preferred the following formula, Eb01:
[0285] is a linkage site that links to L1 and / or L2 independently;
[0286] In certain such embodiments, an Inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferases (NAMPT) can be ADC payload (cytotoxic agent) of the invention due to their unique mechanisms of high potent activity (Sampath D, et al, Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151, 16-31) . NAMPT regulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels in cells wherein NAD plays as an essential redox cofactor to support energy and anabolic metabolism. NAD has several essential roles in metabolism. It acts as a coenzyme in redox reactions, as a donor of ADP-ribose moieties in ADP-ribosylation reactions, as a precursor of the second messenger molecule cyclic ADP-ribose, as well as acting as a substrate for bacterial DNA ligases and a group of enzymes called sirtuins that use NAD+ to remove acetyl groups from proteins. In addition to these metabolic functions, NAD+ emerges as an adenine nucleotide that can be released from cells spontaneously and by regulated mechanisms (Smyth L. M, et al, J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279 (47) , 48893-903; Billington R. A, et al, Mol Med. 2006, 12, 324-7) , and can therefore have important extracellular roles (Billington R. A, et al, Mol Med. 2006, 12, 324-7) . When inhibitors of NAMPT present, NAD levels decline below the level needed for metabolism resulting in energy crisis and therefore cell death. So far, clinical NAMPT inhibitor candidates FK-866, CHS-828, and GMX-1777 advanced to clinical trials but each encountered dose-limiting toxicities prior to any objective responses (Holen K., et al, Invest New Drugs 2008, 26, 45-51; Hovstadius, P., et al, Clin Cancer Res 2002, 8, 2843-50; Pishvaian, M.J., et al, J Clin Oncol 2009, 27, 3581) . Thus, using ADCs for targeting delivery of NAMPT inhibitors might circumvent the systemic toxicities to achieve much broader therapeutic index. The structures of NAMPT inhibitors are preferred the following formula, NP01, NP02, NP03, NP04, NP05, NP06, NP07, NP08, and NP09:
[0287] or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the optical isomers, racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers; wherein is the same above; X5 is F, Cl, Br, I, OH, OR1, R1, OPO3H2, OSO3H, NHR1, OCOR1, NHCOR1.
[0288] In certain such embodiments, a benzodiazepine dimer and its analogs are preferably the cytotoxic agents of the invention. The benzodiazepine dimers, including: a dimer of pyrrolobenzo-diazepine (PBD) or (tomaymycin) , a dimer of indolinobenzodiazepine (IGN) , a dimer of imidazo-benzothiadiazepine, or a dimer of oxazolidinobenzodiazepines, are anti-tumor agents that contain one or more imine functional groups, or their equivalents, that bind to duplex DNA. PBD and IGN molecules are based on the natural product anthramycin, and interact with DNA in a sequence-selective manner, with a preference for purine-guanine-purine sequences. The preferred benzodiazepine dimers according to the present invention are exampled in: US Patent Nos. 8,163,736; 8,153,627; 8,034,808; 7,834,005; 7,741,319; 7,704,924; 7,691,848; 7,678,787; 7,612,062; 7,608,615; 7,557,099; 7,528,128; 7,528,126; 7,511,032; 7,429,658; 7,407,951; 7,326,700; 7,312,210; 7,265,105; 7,202,239; 7,189,710; 7,173,026; 7,109,193; 7,067,511; 7,064,120; 7,056,913; 7,049,311; 7,022,699; 7,015,215; 6,979,684; 6,951,853; 6,884,799; 6,800,622; 6,747,144; 6,660,856; 6,608,192; 6,562,806; 6,977,254; 6,951,853; 6,909,006; 6,344,451; 5,880,122; 4,935,362; 4,764,616; 4,761,412; 4,723,007; 4,723,003; 4,683,230; 4,663,453; 4,508,647; 4,464,467; 4,427,587; 4,000,304; US patent appl. 20100203007, 20100316656, 20030195196. Examples of the structures of the benzodiazepine dimers are illustrated below PB01 ~PB30:
[0289] or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the optical isomers, racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers; wherein X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Z1, Z2, and n are defined the same above; Preferably X1, X2, Y1 and Y2 are independently O, N, NH, NHNH, NR5, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R1) , CH, C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1;
[0290] R1, R2, R3, R1’, R2’, and R3’ are independently H; F; Cl; =O; =S; =CH2; =CH-R1, OH; SH; C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, ester (COOR5 or –OC (O) R5) , ether (OR1) , amide (CONR1) , carbamate (OCONR1) , amines (NHR1, NR1R2) , heterocycloalkyl, or acyloxylamines (-C (O) NHOH, -ONHC (O) R1) ; or peptides containing 1-6 natural or unnatural aminoacids, or polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (OCH2CH2) p or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) p, wherein p is an integer from 1 to about 100. The two Rs: R1R2, R2R3, R1’R2’, or R2’R3’, can independently form 3~8-member cyclic ring of C2~C10 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, or alkylcycloalkyl group;
[0291] X3, X, X’ and Y3 are independently N, O, S, NH, CH2 or CR1; or one of X3, X, X’ and Y3 can be absent, thus the left X3, X, X’ or Y3 can be O, S, NH;
[0292] wherein R1, R2, R4, and R5, are C1-C8 alkyl, heteroalkyl; C2-C8 aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylaryloxyl, alkylarylamino, alkylarylthiol; or 1-6 the same or different sequence of amino acid / peptides (Ar) r, r =1 -6;
[0293] wherein R12 and R12’ are independently H, OH, NH2, NH (CH3) , NHNH2, COOH, SH, OZ3, SZ3, F, Cl, or C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C8 aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, acyloxylamines;
[0294] X6 is CH, N, P (O) NH, P (O) NR1, CHC (O) NH, C3-C8 aryl, heteroaryl, alkylcycloalkyl, acyloxyl, alkylaryl, alkylaryloxyl, alkylarylamino, or an Aa (amino acid, it is preferably selected from Lys, Phe, Asp, Glu, Ser, Thr, His, Cys, Tyr, Trp, Gln, Asn, Arg) ;
[0295] Y21 is Ms (mesyl) , Ts (tosyl) or Tf (trifyl) , SO3H, P (O) (OH) 2, CH2 (O) P (O) (OH) 2, glycoside;
[0296] R31 is H, C1 -C8 alkyl or Ar, CF3; is defined the same above.
[0297] In certain such embodiments, a CC-1065 analog and duocarmycin analogs are also preferred to be used for a conjugate of the present invention. The examples of the CC-1065 analogues and duocarmycin analogs as well as their synthesis are described in: e.g. Warpehoski, et al, J. Med. Chem. 31: 590-603 (1988) ; D. Boger et al., J. Org. Chem; 66; 6654-61, 2001; U.S. Patent Nos: 4169888, 4391904, 4671958, 4816567, 4912227, 4923990, 4952394, 4975278, 4978757, 4994578, 5037993, 5070092, 5084468, 5101038, 5117006, 5137877, 5138059, 5147786, 5187186, 5223409, 5225539, 5288514, 5324483, 5332740, 5332837, 5334528, 5403484, 5427908, 5475092, 5495009, 5530101, 5545806, 5547667, 5569825, 5571698, 5573922, 5580717, 5585089, 5585499, 5587161, 5595499, 5606017, 5622929, 5625126, 5629430, 5633425, 5641780, 5660829, 5661016, 5686237, 5693762, 5703080, 5712374, 5714586, 5739116, 5739350, 5770429, 5773001, 5773435, 5786377 5786486, 5789650, 5814318, 5846545, 5874299, 5877296, 5877397, 5885793, 5939598, 5962216, 5969108, 5985908, 6060608, 6066742, 6075181, 6103236, 6114598, 6130237, 6132722, 6143901, 6150584, 6162963, 6172197, 6180370, 6194612, 6214345, 6262271, 6281354, 6310209, 6329497, 6342480, 6486326, 6512101, 6521404, 6534660, 6544731, 6548530, 6555313, 6555693, 6566336, 6,586,618, 6593081, 6630579, 6,756,397, 6759509, 6762179, 6884869, 6897034, 6946455, 7,049,316, 7087600, 7091186, 7115573, 7129261, 7214663, 7223837, 7304032, 7329507, 7, 329, 760, 7,388,026, 7,655,660, 7,655,661, 7,906,545, and 8,012,978. Examples of the structures of the -CC-1065 analogs are illustrated below CC01, CC02, CC03, CC04, CC05, CC06 and CC07:
[0298] wherein X1, X2, Y1 and Y2 are independently O, NH, NHNH, NR5, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1 when linked to the connecting site or OH, NH2, NHNH2, NHR1, SH, C (O) OH, C (O) NH2, OC (O) NH2, OC (O) OH, NHC (O) NH2, NHC (O) SH, OC (O) NH (R1) , N (R1) C (O) NH (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) OH and C (O) NHR1 when not linked to the connecting site Z3 is H, PO (OM1) (OM2) , SO3M1, CH2PO (OM1) (OM2) , CH3N (CH2CH2) 2NC (O) -, O (CH2CH2) 2NC (O) -, R1, or glycoside; wherein R1, R2, R3, M1, M2, and n are defined the same above;
[0299] In certain such embodiments, an amatoxin (amanita toxin) and its analogs which are a subgroup of at least ten toxic compounds originally found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other mushroom species, are also preferred as cytotoxic agents of the present patent. These ten amatoxins, named α-Amanitin, β-Amanitin, γ-Amanitin, ε-Amanitin, Amanullin, Amanullinic acid, Amaninamide, Amanin, Proamanullin, are rigid bicyclic peptides that are synthesized as 35-amino-acid proproteins, from which the final eight amino acids are cleaved by a prolyl oligopeptidase (Litten, W. 1975 Scientific American232 (3) : 90–101; H.E. Hallen, et al, 2007 Proc. Nat. Aca. Sci. USA 104, 19097–101; K. Baumann, et al, 1993 Biochemistry 32 (15) : 4043–50; Karlson-Stiber C, Persson H. 2003, Toxicon 42 (4) : 339–49; Horgen, P.A. et al. 1978 Arch. Microbio. 118 (3) : 317–9) . Amatoxins kill cells by inhibiting RNA polymerase II (Pol II) , shutting down gene transcription and protein biosynthesis (Brodner, O.G. and Wieland, T. 1976 Biochemistry, 15 (16) : 3480–4; Fiume, L., Curr Probl Clin Biochem, 1977, 7: 23-8; Karlson-Stiber C, Persson H. 2003, Toxicon 42 (4) : 339–49; Chafin, D.R., Guo, H. &Price, D.H. 1995 J. Biol. Chem. 270 (32) : 19114–19; Wieland (1983) Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 22 (3) : 257-76) . Amatoxins can be produced from collected Amanita phalloides mushrooms (Yocum, R.R. 1978 Biochemistry 17 (18) : 3786-9; Zhang, P. et al, 2005, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 252 (2) , 223-8) , or from fermentation using a basidiomycete (Muraoka, S. and Shinozawa T., 2000 J. Biosci. Bioeng. 89 (1) : 73-6) or from fermentation using A. fissa (Guo, X.W., et al, 2006 Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 46 (3) : 373-8) , or from culturing Galerina fasciculata or Galerina helvoliceps, a strain belonging to the genus (WO / 1990 / 009799, JP11137291) . However, the yields from these isolation and fermentation were quite low (less than 5 mg / L culture) . Several preparations of amatoxins and their analogs have been reported in the past three decades (W.E. Savige, A. Fontana, Chem. Commun. 1976, 600–1; Zanotti, G., et al, Int J Pept Protein Res, 1981. 18 (2) : 162-8; Wieland, T., et al, Eur. J. Biochem. 1981, 117, 161–4; P.A. Bartlett, et al, Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 619–22; Zanotti, G., et al., Biochim Biophys Acta, 1986.870 (3) : 454-62; Zanotti, G., et al., Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 1987, 30, 323–9; Zanotti, G., et al., Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 1987, 30, 450–9; Zanotti, G., et al., Int J Pept Protein Res, 1988. 32 (1) : 9-20; G. Zanotti, T. et al, Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 1989, 34, 222–8; Zanotti, G., et al., Int J Pept Protein Res, 1990. 35 (3) : 263-70; Mullersman, J.E. and J.F. Preston, 3rd, Int J Pept Protein Res, 1991. 37 (6) : 544-51; Mullersman, J.E., et al, Int J Pept Protein Res, 1991. 38 (5) : 409-16; Zanotti, G., et al, Int J Pept Protein Res, 1992. 40 (6) : 551-8; Schmitt, W. et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4380–7; Anderson, M.O., et al, J. Org. Chem., 2005, 70 (12) : 4578-84; J.P. May, et al, J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 8424–30; F. Brueckner, P. Cramer, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2008, 15, 811–8; J.P. May, D.M. Perrin, Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, 3404–9; J.P. May, et al, Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, 3410–17; Q. Wang, et al, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 834–9; May, J. P. and D. M. Perrin, Biopolymers, 2007. 88 (5) : 714-24; May, J. P., et al., Chemistry, 2008. 14 (11) : 3410-7; S. De Lamo Marin, et al, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 3985–9; Pousse, G., et al., Org Lett, 2010. 12 (16) : 3582-5; Luo, H., et al., Chem Biol, 2014. 21 (12) : 1610-7; Zhao, L., et al., Chembiochem, 2015. 16 (10) : 1420-5) and most of these preparations were by partial synthesis. Because of their extreme potency and unique mechanism of cytotoxicity, amatoxins have been used as payloads for conjugations (Fiume, L., Lancet, 1969.2 (7625) : 853-4; Barbanti-Brodano, G. and L. Fiume, Nat New Biol, 1973. 243 (130) : 281-3; Bonetti, E., M. et al, Arch Toxicol, 1976. 35 (1) : p. 69-73; Davis, M.T., Preston, J.F. Science 1981, 213, 1385–1388; Preston, J.F., et al, Arch Biochem Biophys, 1981. 209 (1) : 63-71; H. Faulstich, et al, Biochemistry 1981, 20, 6498–504; Barak, L.S., et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1981. 78 (5) : 3034-8; Faulstich, H. and L. Fiume, Methods Enzymol, 1985. 112: 225-37; Zhelev, Z., A. et al, Toxicon, 1987. 25 (9) : 981-7; Khalacheva, K., et al, Eksp Med Morfol, 1990. 29 (3) : 26-30; U. Bermbach, H. Faulstich, Biochemistry 1990, 29, 6839–45; Mullersman, J.E. and J.F. Preston, Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 1991, 37, 544–51; Mullersman, J.E. and J.F. Preston, Biochem Cell Biol, 1991. 69 (7) : 418-27; J. Anderl, H. Echner, H. Faulstich, Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2072–84; Moldenhauer, G., et al, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2012, 104, 622–34; A. Moshnikova, et al; Biochemistry 2013, 52, 1171–8; Zhao, L., et al., Chembiochem, 2015. 16 (10) : 1420-5; Zhou, B., et al., Biosens Bioelectron, 2015. 68: 189-96; WO2014 / 043403, US20150218220, EP 1661584) . We have been working on the conjugation of amatoxins for a while. Examples of the structures of the amatoxins used for the present application are preferred the following structures of Am01, Am02, and Am03:
[0300] or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the optical isomers, racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers; wherein X1, and Y1 are independently O, NH, NHNH, NR1, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R1) , CH2, CHNH, CH2O, C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1; R7, R8, and R9 are independently H, OH, OR1, NH2, NHR1, C1-C6 alkyl, or absent; Y2 is O, O2, NR1, NH, or absent; R10 is CH2, O, NH, NR1, NHC (O) , NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) O, OC (O) O, C (O) , OC (O) , OC (O) (NR1) , (NR1) C (O) (NR1) , C (O) R1 or absent; R11 is OH, NH2, NHR1, NHNH2, NHNHCOOH, O-R1-COOH, NH-R1-COOH, NH- (Aa) rCOOH, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2OH, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, NR1R2, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2-COOH, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2COOH, NH-Ar-COOH, NH-Ar-NH2, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2-NHSO3H, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NHSO3H, R1-NHSO3H, NH-R1-NHSO3H, O (CH2CH2O) p-CH2CH2NHPO3H2, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NHPO3H2, OR1, R1-NHPO3H2, R1-OPO3H2, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2OPO3H2, OR1-NHPO3H2, NH-R1-NHPO3H2, or NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2-CH2NHPO3H2, wherein (Aa) r is 1-8 aminoacids; n and m1 are independently 1~20; p is 1 -100; R1, R2 and Ar, are the same defined throughout the application; and R1 and R2 are preferably here H, C1~C8 alkyl; is linkage site (which is defined the same above) .
[0301] In certain such embodiments, spliceostatins and pladienolides are anti-tumor compounds which inhibit splicing and interacts with spliceosome, SF3b, and are also preferred as cytotoxic agents of the present patent. Examples of spliceostatins include, but are not limited to, spliceostatin A, FR901464, and (2S, 3Z) -5- { [ (2R, 3R, 5S, 6S) -6- { (2E, 4E) -5- [ (3R, 4R, 5R, 7S) -7- (2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl) -4-hydroxy-1, 6-dioxaspiro [2.5] oct-5-yl] -3-methylpenta-2, 4-dien-1-y-l} -2, 5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl] amino} -5-oxopent-3-en-2-yl acetate having the core structure:
[0302] Examples of pladienolides include, but are not limited to, Pladienolide B, Pladienolide D, and E7107.
[0303] In certain such embodiments, protein kinase inhibitors are also preferred as cytotoxic agents of the present patent. Protein kinase inhibitors block the action of an enzyme to add a phosphate (PO4) group to serine, threonine, or tyrosine amino acids on a protein, and can modulate the protein function. The protein kinase inhibitors can be used to treat diseases due to hyperactive protein kinases (including mutant or overexpressed kinases) in cancer or to modulate cell functions to overcome other disease drivers. The structures of protein kinase inhibitors are preferred to selected from Adavosertib, Afatinib, Axitinib, Bafetinib, Bosutinib, Cobimetinib, Crizotinib, Cabozantinib, Dasatinib, Entrectinib, Erdafitinib, Erlotinib, Erlotinib, Fostamatinib, Gefitinib, Ibrutinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Lenvatinib, Mubritinib, Nilotinib, Pazopanib, Pegaptanib, Ponatinib, Rebastinib, Regorafenib, Ruxolitinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, SU6656, Tofacitinib, Vandetanib, Vemurafenib, Entrectinib, Palbociclib, Ribociclib, Abemaciclib, Dacomitinib, Neratinib, Rociletinib (CO-1686) , Osimertinib, AZD3759, Nazartinib (EGF816) , having the following formula, PK01 ~ PK40:
[0304] wherein Z5 and Z5’ are independently selected from O, NH, NHNH, NR5, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1.
[0305] In certain such embodiments, proteinase inhibitors are also preferred as cytotoxic agents of the present patent. The proteinase inhibitors are selected from Carfilzomib, Clindamycin, Retapamulin, Indibulin, having the following formulae:
[0306] In certain such embodiments, an immunotoxin herein can be a cytotoxic agent of the invention. The immunotoxin herein is a macromolecular drug which is usually a cytotoxic protein derived from a bacterial or plant protein, such as Diphtheria toxin (DT) , Cholera toxin (CT) , Trichosanthin (TCS) , Dianthin, Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA′) , Erythrogenic toxins, Diphtheria toxin, AB toxins, Type III exotoxins, proaerolysin, and topsalysin etc. It also can be a highly toxic bacterial pore-forming protoxin that requires proteolytic processing for activation. An example of this protoxin is proaerolysin and its genetically modified form, topsalysin. Topsalysin is a modified recombinant protein that has been engineered to be selectively activated by an enzyme in the prostate, leading to localized cell death and tissue disruption without damaging neighboring tissue and nerves; An immunotoxin herein is preferably conjugated via the process of the application through an amino acid having free amino, thiol or carboxyl acid group; and more preferably through N-terminal amino acid.
[0307] In addition, a certain cell receptor agonist, a cell stimulating molecule or intracellular signaling molecule can be as a chemotherapeutic / cytotoxic agent conjugated to the antibody of the invention.
[0308] In certain embodiments, one, two or more DNA, RNA, mRNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA) , microRNA (miRNA) , and PIWI interacting RNAs (piRNA) can be as a chemotherapeutic / function compound for conjugation of the invention, having the following structures:
[0309] wherein is the site to link the side chain linker of the present patent; is single or double strands of DNA, RNA, mRNA, siRNA, miRNA, or piRNA; X1, and Y are independently O, NH, NHNH, NR1, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R1) , CH2, C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1.
[0310] In certain such embodiments, a MEK inhibitor can be the cytotoxic agent of the invention. A MEK inhibitor inhibits the mitogen-activated protein kinases MEK1 and / or MEK2 which is often overactive in some cancers. MEK inhibitors are especially used for treatment of BRAF-mutated melanoma, and KRAS / BRAF mutated colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) . MEK inhibitors are selected from PD0325901, selumetinib (AZD6244) , cobimetinib (XL518) , refametinib, trametinib (GSK1120212) , pimasertib, Binimetinib (MEK162) , AZD8330, RO4987655, RO5126766, WX-554, E6201, GDC-0623, PD-325901 and TAK-733. The preferred MEK inhibitors are selected from Trametinib (GSK1120212) , Cobimetinib (XL518) , Binimetinib (MEK162) , and selumetinib, having the following formula:
[0311] wherein Z5 is selected from O, NH, NHNH, NR5, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1;
[0312] In certain such embodiments, a proteinase inhibitor that are used as a payload (cytotoxic agent) is preferably selected from: Carfilzomib, Clindamycin, Retapamulin, Indibulin, as shown in the following structures:
[0313] In a further embodiment, either one or both of Drug1 or / and Drug2 of the present patent application can be independently selected from a chemotherapeutical drug as following:
[0314] 1) . Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors: also are called PARP inhibitors. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a family of related enzymes that share the ability to catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose to target proteins. PARPs play an important role in various cellular processes, including modulation of chromatin structure, transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair. PARP inhibitors disrupt DNA repair mechanisms by inhibiting PARP enzymatic activity, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage and cell death. Examples of PARP inhibitors include but not limited are Olaparib, Niraparib, Rucaparib, Veliparib, Talazoparib, Pamiparib, Fluzoparib, 5F02, Simmiparib, DDHCB, BTH-8, YHP-836, ZC-22, Mefuparib, 1, 2, 4-triazoles, Mortaparib, 2X-121, NMS-03305293, AZD5305, RP12146, AZD9574, E7449, AMXI-5001, IMP4297, FluorThanatrace.
[0315] The conjugatable structures (containing a linkage site) of the PARP inhibitors are illustrated below:
[0316]
[0317]
[0318] FluorThanatrace; wherein is the linkage site.
[0319] 2) . Inhibitors of Bromodomain-containing proteins, in particular BRD4: The bromodomain acts to recognize acetylated lysine in histones and transcription proteins and plays a fundamental role in chromatin-based cellular processes including gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. The bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) protein have been implicated in cancers and inflammatory disorders and recognized as attractive drug targets. The BET family consists of four proteins: bromodomain containing protein 2 (BRD2) , BRD3, BRD4, and bromodomain testis-specific protein (BRDT) . Each of these contains two tandem BDs, known as BD1 (N-terminus) and BD2 (C-terminus) , with high similarity across family members. BRD4 bromodomain protein has developed to be an interesting drug target for the treatment of cancer [E. Nicodeme, et al, Nature 468 (2010) 1119–1123.; J. Zuber, et al, Nature 478 (2011) 524–528. ] , obesity [A.C. Belkina, et al, Nat. Rev. Cancer 12 (2012) 465–477. ] , kidney disease [G. Zhang, et al, J Biol Chem 287 (2012) 28840–28851. ] , lung fibrosis [X. Tang, et al, Am. J. Pathol. 183 (2013) 470–479. ] and other inflammatory diseases [B. Huang, et al, Mol. Cell Biol. 29 (2009) 1375–1387] . Many BET inhibitors have been developed to prevent the recognition of interaction between BDs and the acetylated histones. Among them, the compounds OTX-015, ABBV-075, and INCB057643 have been advanced into human clinical trials. Some of the preferred conjugatable structures of the inhibitors of the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) proteins of the invention are illustrated below:
[0320] 3) . Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 / 6 (CDK4 / 6) inhibitors: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine / threonine kinases responsible for the coordination of critical regulatory events during cell cycle and transcription. Their catalytic activities are modulated by interactions with cyclins and CDK inhibitors (CKIs) . Thus, it is anticipated that deregulation of CDKs is a common feature of many cancers. Early pan-CDK inhibitors showed poor results in clinical trials for solid malignancies, as the lack of selectivity produced significant toxicity. The production of more selective inhibitors led to significant developments in cancer therapy, as CDK4 / CDK6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy changed the landscape of the treatment of hormone-receptor positive (HR +) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and other tumor types as well. The extensive studies of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, include but not limited, palbociclib (PD-0332991, CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , ribociclib (LEE-011, CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , abemaciclib (LY2835219, VerzenioTM, CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , PF-06873600 (CDK2 / 4 / 6 inhibitor) , G1T28 (trilaciclib, CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , G1T38 (Lerociclib, CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , SHR-6390 (CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , PHA848125 (Milciclib, CDK2 inhibitor) , FN-1501 (CDK2 / 4 / 6 inhibitor) , AGM-130 (Inditinib, CDK1 / 2 / 4 / 5 / 6 inhibitor) , (-) -BPI-16350 (CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , Flavopiridol (Alvocidib, CDK9 / 1 / 4 / 5 / 7 inhibitor) , PHA848125 (Milciclib, CDK2 / 1 / 4 / 5 / 7 and TrKA inhibitor) , BCD115 (CDK8 / 19 inhibitor) , MM-D37K (CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , PP-06873600 (CDK2 / 4 / 6 inhibitor) , TG02 (SB-1317, Zotiraciclib, (CDK9 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 5 / 7, FLT3, JAK2 and MAPK7 inhibitor) , C7001 (ICEC0942, CDK7 inhibitor) , BEY1107 (CDK1 inhibitor) , XZP3287 (Birociclib, CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , BPI16350 (CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , FCN437 (CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , CYC065 (CDK2 / 9 / 5 inhibitor) , Seliciclib (CY202, R-Roscovitine, CDK2 / 9 / 1 / 5 / 7 inhibitor) , AT7519 (CDK9 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 5 / 4 / 6, GSK36 and VEGFR inhibitor) , AGM130 (Inditinib, CDK2 / 1 / 4 / 5 / 6 inhibitor) , FN1501 (CDK2 / 4 / 6 and FLT3 inhibitor) , SY1365 (CDK7 / 12 inhibitor) , AZD4573 (CDK9 inhibitor) , TP1287 (Flavopiridol prodrug, CDK9 inhibitor) , P1446A-05 (Voruciclib, CDK9 / 1 / 4 inhibitor) , BAY1251152 (CDK9 inhibitor) , SCH727965 (MK7965, Dinaciclib, (CDK12 / 1 / 2 / 5 / 9 inhibitor) , BEBT209 (CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , TQB3616 (CDK4 / 6 inhibitor) , AT7519, BAY1000394 (Roniciclib, CDK1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 7 / 9 and VEGFR inhibitor) , BAY1143572 (Atuveciclib, CDK9 inhibitor) , Bay117082, THZ531 (CDK12 inhibitor) , AMG925 (FLX925, CDK4 / 6 and FLT3 inhibitor) . The conjugatable structures of some above compounds are illustrated below:
[0321] 4) . EGFR inhibitors: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as ErbB-1 or HER-1) inhibitors are medicines that bind to certain parts of the EGFR and slow down or stop cell growth. EGFR is a protein that is found on the surface of some cells that causes cells to divide when epidermal growth factor binds to it. EGFR is found at abnormally high levels in cancer cells, and EGFR activation appears to be important in tumor growth and progression. Some types of cancers show mutations in their EGFRs, which may cause unregulated cell division through continual or abnormal activation of the EGFR. EGFR inhibitors can normally be classified as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) which bind to the tyrosine kinase domain in the epidermal growth factor receptor and stop the activity of the EGFR. EGFR inhibitors may be used in the treatment of cancers that are caused by EGFR up-regulation, such as non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) , mostly small molecules and monoclonal antibodies that have been approved for clinical use or at least have entered clinical trials, are classified according to their main target: HER, IGF-1R, HGFR, VEGF, BCR-ABL, ALK, JAK, BTK, and TRK. Some of the conjugatable structures of the EGFR inhibitors / TKIs are illustrated below:
[0322] 5) . PLK1 inhibitors: Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) , also known as Serine / threonine-protein kinase PLK1, or serine / threonine-protein kinase 13 (STPK13) , is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1) gene. PLK1 consists of 603 amino acids and is 66kDa and it is an early trigger for G2 / M transition. PLK1 is considered a proto-oncogene, whose overexpression is often observed in tumor cells. PLK1 is being studied as a target for cancer drugs. Many colon and lung cancers are caused by K-RAS mutations. These cancers are dependent on PLK1. When PLK1 expression was silenced with RNA interference in cell culture, K-RAS cells were selectively killed, without harming normal cells (Downward J, N Engl J Med, 361: 922, 2009; Luo J, et al. Cell. 137 (5) : 835–48, 2009) . Some of the conjugatable structures of the PLK1 inhibitors are illustrated below:
[0323] 6) . PI3K / AKT / mTOR inhibitors: they are phosphoinositide 3-kinases / protein kinase B / mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K / AKT / mTOR) . Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of enzymes that 3′-phosphorylate the inositol head group of membrane phosphoinositides and major cellular signaling molecules that regulate multiple cellular functions (Thorpe LM, et al, 2015 Nat Rev Cancer 15: 7–24) . The PI3K / AKT / mTOR signaling pathway has been described as one of the most commonly disrupted pathways in cancer, making it an attractive candidate for therapeutic intervention. The PI3K / AKT / mTOR pathway is crucial for cell motility, growth, survival, and metabolism in cancer (Hoxhaj G, Manning BD. Nat Rev Cancer (2020) 20 (2) : 74–88. ) . The accessible targeted inhibitors for cancer patients with abnormal activation of the PI3K / AKT / mTOR pathway include everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) , sirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) , temsirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) , vistusertib (mTOR inhibitor) , sapanisertib (mTOR inhibitor) , AZD8055 (mTOR inhibitor) , PP242 (mTOR inhibitor) , alpelisib (PI3K inhibitor) , duvelisib (PI3K inhibitor) , copanlisib (PI3K inhibitor) , idelalisib (PI3K inhibitor) , umbralisib (PI3K inhibitor) , Sonolisib (PI3K inhibitor) , Buparlisib (PI3K inhibitor) , capivasertib (AKT inhibitor) , ipatasertib (AKT inhibitor) , MK-2206 (AKT inhibitor) , GSK690693 (AKT inhibitor) , uprosertib (AKT inhibitor) , CH5132799 (PI3K inhibitor) , pilaralisib (PI3K inhibitor) , ZSTK474 (PI3K inhibitor) , sonolisib (PI3K inhibitor) , pictilisib (PI3K inhibitor) , B591 (PI3K inhibitor) , TG-100-115 (PI3K inhibitor) , and RIDR-PI-103 (PI3K inhibitor) , PX-866 (Wortmannin derivative, PI3K inhibitor) , serabelisib (aPI3Kα inhibitor) , GSK2636771 (aPI3Kβinhibitor) , Zandelisib (aPI3Kδ inhibitor) , AMG319 (aPI3Kδ inhibitor) , linperlisib (aPI3Kδinhibitor) , parsaclisib (aPI3Kδ inhibitor) , leniolisib (aPI3Kδ inhibitor) , eganelisib (aPI3Kγinhibitor) , tenalisib (aPI3Kδ / γ inhibitor) , taselisib (aPI3Kα / δ / γ inhibitor) , AZD8186 (aPI3Kβ / δinhibitor) , and AZD8835 (aPI3Kδ / α inhibitor) , dactolisib (PI3K / mTOR inhibitor) , apitolisib (GDC-0980, PI3K / mTOR inhibitor) , gedatolisib (PF-05212384, PI3K / mTOR inhibitor) , bimiralisib (PQR309) (PI3K / mTOR inhibitor) , paxalisib (GDC-0084) (PI3K / mTOR inhibitor) , and voxtalisib (SAR245409, XL765) (PI3K / mTOR inhibitor) . Examples of the conjugatable structures of the above inhibitors of PI3K / AKT / mTOR are illustrated below:
[0324] 7) . Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) : Histone deacetylase mediates histone deacetylation and acts in concert with histone acetyltransferases (HATs) to regulate dynamic and reversible histone acetylation which modifies chromatin structure and function, affects gene transcription, thus, controlling multiple cellular processes. Inhibitors of HDACs can regulate transcription and inhibit proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, differentiation and / or apoptosis, among other major biological phenomena. The different mechanism (s) of action of HDAC inhibitors compared to conventional anti-neoplastic agents provides a possibility that HDAC inhibitors may be effective for refractory cancers. Accordingly, some structures of histone deacetylase inhibitors used in the patent are illustrated below:
[0325] 8) . Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) : Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Aberrant activation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. Hence methods of inhibiting NF-κB signaling have potential therapeutic application in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Disulfiram, olmesartan and dithiocarbamates can inhibit the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling cascade (Cvek B, Dvorak Z (2007) Current Pharmaceutical Design. 13 (30) : 3155–3167) . NF-κB inhibitors such as (-) -DHMEQ, PBS-1086, IT-603 and IT-901 (Blakely CM, et al. (April 2015) , Cell Reports. 11 (1) : 98–110; Fabre C, et al. (2012) Clinical Cancer Research. 18 (17) : 4669–4681; Shono Y, et al. (2016) Cancer Research. 76 (2) : 377–389) has been discovered, but their applications are still limited. (-) -DHMEQ and PBS-1086 are irreversible binder to NF-κB while IT-603 and IT-901 are reversible binder. DHMEQ covalently binds to Cys 38 of p65 (Yamamoto M, et al (2008) J. Med Chemistry. 51 (18) : 5780–5788 ) . The conjugatable structures of NF-κB inhibitors are illustrated below:
[0326] 9) . PD-L1 / PD-1 ligand / inhibitors: Targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expressed on the surface of T cells and the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed on cancer cells using immune checkpoint molecules, is an important strategy in this field [Y. Han, et al, Am J Cancer Res. 2020, 10, 727] , since high PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment is frequently observed in many types of cancers including Hodgkin’s lymphoma, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and hepatoma. In the tumor microenvironment, PD-L1 binds to PD-1 leading to T cell dysfunction, whereas blockage of their interactions recovers the T cell’s activity of destroying tumor cells. Specifically, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target either PD-1 or PD-L1 can block the interaction between them, hence promoting T cell activation and enabling T cell-mediated tumor cell death [S. Bagchi, et al, Annu Rev Pathol. 2021, 16, 223] . However, PD-1 / PD-L1-based immunotherapy proved unsatisfactory in solid tumors due to the compact and hypoxic tumor microenvironment [M. Binnewies, et al, Nat Med. 2018, 24, 541] , thereby hindering its broad implementation in cancer treatment [C. Zhang, et al, Cancer Lett. 2023, 562, 216182; C. Zhang, et al, Cancer Lett. 2023, 562, 216182] . Clinical studies reported that the blockade of PD-1 / PD-L1 interactions can boost T cell-mediated antitumor responses, generate durable clinical responses, and prolong patient survival rate. Natural product-derived PD-1 / PD-L1 inhibitors of small molecules include: Amphotericin B, Bacitracin, Everolimus, Clarithromycin, Cyclosporin A, Actinomycin D, Cynocobalamin, Bryostatin, Candicidin, Geldanamycin, Ivermectin B1a, Macbecin, Metocurine, Monocrotaline, Nystatin, Olerixafor, Sirolimus, Troleandomycin, Rifampin, Rifabutin, Rifapentine, Rifamycin SV, Formyl rifamycin, Rafaximin, Gramicidin S, Gramicidin S derivative, Kaempferol, Kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside, Cosmosiin, Apigenin, Eriodictyol, Fisetin, Glyasperin C, Caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, Ellagic acid, BMS202, ZINC 67, 902, 090 ( (3S, 3aR, 6S, 6aR) -N6- [4- (3-fluorophenyl) -pyrimidin-2-yl] -N3- (2-pyridylmethyl) -2, 3, 3a, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydrofu) , ZINC12, 529, 904 (1-isopropyl-3- [ (3S, 5S) -1-methyl-5- [3- (2-naphthyl) -1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl] pyrrolidin-3-yl] urea) and they may have the synergy or enhanced therapeutic effects when are jointly conjugated with a cytotoxic agents as the invention indicated. The conjugatable structures of PD-L1 / PD-1 ligands are illustrated below:
[0327] 10) . Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors: Kinesin spindle proteins (KSP or Eg5) belong to the microtubule kinesin superfamily and they are responsible for the establishment of bipolar mitotic spindles that mediate cell division [C. Balakumar, et al, J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 36 (2018) , pp. 3687-3704] . KSP plays a key role in spindle pole separation, formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle, as well as centrosome separation and maturation. Inhibition of KSP has the potential to provide anti-tumor activity while avoiding peripheral neuropathy associated with some microtubule-targeted drugs. Inhibition of KSP can cause cell death. Because of the high expression of KSPs in proliferation / cancer cells, it has become a drug target for tumor chemotherapy, although most KSP inhibitors have high toxicity and short half-life. There are several KSP inhibitors (e.g. Arry-520, LY2523355, 4SC-205, ALN-VSP02, Ispinesib, AZD4877, SB743921, ARQ621, MK-0731) that had entered clinical trials as anti-neoplastic agents against a variety of tumors and the results for the various trials were encouraging. However, many of the phase II or phase III clinical trials of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors have failed due to issues such as high toxicity and a short circulation half-life in vivo. Thus, the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology was applied to a KSP inhibitor, SB-743921, which was coupled with the HER2-specific antibody trastuzumab using a cathepsin B-dependent valine-alanine (Val-Ala, VA) dipeptide-type linker to generate H2-921. Ex vivo and in vivo analyses of H2-921 showed an increased half-life of SB-743921 and prolonged contact time with tumor cells. But the tumor inhibition by H2-921 was not better by the positive control drug T-DM1, the traditional ADC (Yiquan Li, et al, Biomaterials 2023, 301: 122258) . Therefore, the conjugation of both KSP inhibitors and the cytotoxic payloads to an antibody has reasonable synergy in targeted treatment as the invention indicated. The conjugatable structures of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors used for the patent are illustrated below:
[0328] 11) . Antiestrogens: Estrogen blockers or antiestrogens are taken to either block the production of estrogen or block the action of estrogen on receptors. Antiestrogens which are known estrogen deprivation therapy, or endocrine therapy, are a form of hormone therapy that is normally used in the treatment of breast cancer. Estrogen blockers have three modalities: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen, selective estrogen receptor degraders like fulvestrant, and aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and ovariectomy. SERMs act by mimicking estrogen and replacing estrogen on estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from binding, and preventing tumors from using estrogen to grow. Aromatase is the enzyme that catalyzes a key aromatization step in the synthesis of estrogen. It converts the enone ring of androgen precursors such as testosterone, to a phenol, completing the synthesis of estrogen. Accordingly, some structures of conjugatable antiestrogens for the patent are illustrated below:
[0329] 12) . Nucleoside analogues: they are molecules that act like nucleosides in DNA synthesis. They include a range of antiviral products used to prevent viral replication in infected cells. Nucleoside analogues can be used against hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex, and HIV. Once they are phosphorylated, they work as antimetabolites by being similar enough to nucleotides to be incorporated into growing DNA strands. Less selective nucleoside analogues are used as chemotherapy agents to treat cancer, e.g. gemcitabine and 5-FU. Antimetabolite is a chemical that inhibits the use of a metabolite, which is another chemical that is part of normal metabolism. Such substances are often similar in structure to the metabolite that they interfere with, such as the antifolates that interfere with the use of folic acid. The presence of antimetabolites can have toxic effects on cells, such as halting cell growth and cell division, so these compounds are used as chemotherapy for cancer. Some conjugatable structures of nucleoside analogues for the patent are illustrated below:
[0330]
[0331] wherein U1 is defined the same above.
[0332] 13) . Proteasome inhibitors (PI) : Proteasomes is a multi-subunit protein degradation machine, which plays a necessary role not only in cell survival, DNA repair and the proliferation of malignant cells, but also in normal cellular functions, and in the degradation of misfolded or mutated proteins. Proteasomes degrade ubiquitinated proteins or substrates through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, a pathway that is utilized in multiple myeloma due to the high protein turnover with immunoglobulin production. Proteasome inhibitors exploit dependence on this pathway, halting protein degradation that ultimately results in apoptosis and cell death. Three proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib are approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma and many other agents and combinations currently under investigation. The proteasome inhibitors have changed the management of hematologic malignancies and dramatically improved outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Some of conjugatable PI structures for the invention are illustrated below:
[0333] wherein R’ and R” are NH, O, S, CH2, CH2CH2, C (O) , C (O) NH, C (O) O, NHC (O) O-, NHNH, C (O) NHNH independently.
[0334] 14) . Toll-like receptor (TLR) Agonists / Antagonists: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of proteins that are expressed in immune cells and various tumor cells. TLRs serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and thus play dual regulatory roles in cell physiopathology. Dysregulation of TLR signaling contributes to numerous pathological conditions, including chronic inflammation, sepsis, cancers, asthma, neuropathic pain, and autoimmune diseases such as lupus, scleroderma, and rheumatoid arthritis (Wang, Y., et al, Acc. Chem. Res., 2020, 53 (5) , 1046-55) . In addition to immune function, TLRs have dual regulatory effects on tumor immunity by activating nuclear factor κ-B signaling pathways, which induce tumor immune evasion or enhance the antitumor immune response. Therefore, TLRs have become a popular target for cancer prevention and treatment, and TLR agonists and antagonists offer considerable potential for drug development. TLR agonists also have the potential to convert “cold tumors” into “hot tumors” making TLRs in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, potential targets for cancer therapies (Roffo, C., et al.npj Precision Oncology 2023; 7: 26) . Various agonists / Antagonists of TLRs have been under investigation for cancer treatments (Duan, T, et al, Front Immunol, 2022, 13, 812774) such as, TLR1 / 2: Bacterial lipoprotein, Pam3CSK4; TLR2 / TLR4: OM-174; TLR3: Poly I: C, poly-ICLC (Hiltonol) , poly-IC12U (Ampligen) ; TLR4: TAK-242 (resatorvid) , Eritoran, MPLA, GLA-SE; TLR5: Mobilan, Entolimod; TLR7: Imiquimod; TLR7 / TLR8: MEDI9197, Resiquimod; TLR7 / TLR9: Chloroquine; TLR9: CpG, MGN1703, SD-101; Imiquimod is a topical TLR7 agonist, approved by the FDA for antiviral and skin cancer treatments. Other TLR adjuvants are used in several vaccines including Nu Thrax, Heplisav, T-VEC, and Cervarix. Many TLR agonists, in particular, TLR7 and TLR8, are currently in development as both monotherapy and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, A TLR7 agonist is preferably an imidazo-quinoline, an imidazoquinoline amine, a thiazoquinoline, an aminoquinoline, an aminoquinazoline, a pyrido [3, 2-d] pyrimidine-2, 4-diamine, pyrimidine-2, 4-diamine, 2-aminoimidazole, 1-alkyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine, tetrahydropyridopyrimidine, heteroarothiadiazide-2, 2-dioxide, a benzonaph-thyridine, a guanosine analog, an adenosine analog, a thymidine homopolymer, ssRNA or modified oligonucleotides, CpG-A, PolyG10, and PolyG3. A TLR8 agonist is prferably a benzazepine, an imidazoquinoline, a thiazoloquinoline, an aminoquinoline, an aminoquinazoline, a pyrido [3, 2-d] pyrimidine-2, 4-diamine, pyrimidine-2, 4-diamine, 2-aminoimidazole, 1-alkyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine, tetrahydropyridopyrimidine. In some embodiments, a TLR agonist is a nonnaturally occurring compound. Examples of TLR7 modulators include GS-9620, GSK2245035, imiquimod, resiquimod, DSR-6434, DSP-3025, IM0-4200, MCT-465, MEDI9197, 3M-051, SB-9922, 3M-052, Limtop, TMX-30X, TMX-202, RG-7863, RG-7795, TQ-A3334, SHR2150, RO7119929, DSP-0509, BNT411, APR003, BDB001, BDC-1001, CV8102, TransCon TLR7 / 8, MBS-8, BDB-018, Imiquimod (UGN-201) , Lefitolimod (MGN1703) , Tilsotolimod (IMO-2125) , CMP-001, SD-101, TAC-001 (Roffo, C., et al. npj Precision Oncology 2023; 7: 26) , and some compounds disclosed in US20160168164, US 20150299194, US20110098248, US20100143301, and US20090047249. Examples of TLR8 agonists include motolimod, resiquimod, 3M-051, 3M-052, MCT-465, IM0-4200, VTX-763, VTX-1463. In some embodiments, a TLR8 agonist can be any of the compounds described W02018 / 170179, W02020 / 056198 and W02020056194. Other TLR7 and TLR8 agonists are disclosed in, for example, W02007024612, US20080234251, US20080306050, US20100029585, W02011022508, W02011022509, US20110092485, US20110118235, US20120082658, UD20120219615, W02012045090, W02012097173, W02012097177, US20130251673, US20140045849, US20140066432, US20140088085, US20140275167, US20140073642, W02014056953, W02014076221, W02014128189, US20140350031, W02014023813, W02016142250, US20160008374, US20160194350, US20160289229, US20170131421, WO2017046112, W02017079283, W02017216054, W02017190669, W02017202704, W02017202703, W020170071944, US20180086755, W02018198091, WO2018196823, WO2018203613, WO2018132539, WO2018049089, WO2018026620, WO2019028301, WO2019028302, WO2019036023, WO2019035968, WO2019035971, WO2019035970, WO2019036031, WO2019040491, WO2019099336, WO2019118799, WO2019125977, WO2019126082, WO2019126081, WO2019126083, WO2019116113, WO2019126253, WO2019126242, WO2019225920, WO2020023680, WO2020051356, WO2020074006, WO2020086503, WO2020086505, WO2020162705, WO2020227337, WO2020227484, WO2021067261, WO2021067326, WO2021064614, WO2021067657, WO2021086699, WO2021087181, WO2021099402, WO2021177679, WO2021232099, WO2022031057, WO2022047279, WO2022114808, WO2022213153, WO2023079428, WO2023198195, WO2024077351, WO2024095964.
[0335] In some embodiments, an immune modulatory agent is a STING agonist. Examples of STING agonists include, for example, those disclosed in W02015077354, WO2016079899, WO2016096577, WO2017100305, WO2017223422, WO2018200812, WO2019069275, WO2019129880, WO2019134707, WO2019072048, WO2019150310, WO2020023361, WO2020038387, WO2020042995, WO2020050406, WO2020049534, WO2020075790, WO2020074004, W02020075790, WO2020089815, WO2020092617, WO2020117739, WO2020135715, WO2020151682, WO2020156363, WO2020163415, WO2020205323, W02020227159, WO2021005541, WO2021016204, WO2021013250, WO2021062060, WO2021076666, WO2021079302, WO2021086889, WO2021083060, WO2021177438, WO2021200824, WO2021206158, WO2021206160, WO2021216572, WO2021216467, WO2021216698, WO2021228284, WO2021232019, WO2021231350, WO2022002077, WO2022055929, WO2022079175, WO2022097634, WO2022107027, WO2022116369, WO2022150779, WO2022228469, WO2022242737, WO2022248353, WO2022272039, WO2023284719, WO2023004440, WO2023011076, WO2023019259, WO2023020993, WO2023025256, WO2023033506, WO2023039363, WO2023056468, WO2023059544, WO2023066872, WO2023103850, WO2023172906, WO2023178038, WO2023211930, WO2023239675, WO2024006804, WO2024040027, WO2024040169, WO2024048490, WO2024081811, WO2024100449, WO2024100452, WO2024137619, WO2024151778, WO2024153127, WO2024174863, WO2024182569, and In some embodiments, an immune modulatory agent is a retinoic-acid-inducible protein 1 (RIG-I) agonist. Examples of RIG-I agonists include KIN1148, SB-9200, KIN700, KIN600, KIN500, KIN100, KIN101, KIN400 and KIN2000, pUUC-Auk, 3p-hpRNA. Examples of RIG-I agonists include, for example, those disclosed in WO2016179034, WO2016179475, WO2018232257, WO2019246450, WO2020225779, WO2021067480, WO2021097347, WO2022178325, WO2022251406, WO2023049777, WO2023172208, WO2024006362, WO2024151778. Some of conjugatable structures of Toll-like receptor (TLR) Agonists / Antagonists and STING agonists for the invention are illustrated below:
[0336] 15) . A proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) molecule: Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is an emerging therapeutic modality with the potential to tackle disease-causing proteins that have historically been highly challenging to target with conventional small molecules. A major class of molecules that may enable such proteins to be modulated through TPD are known as proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) protein degraders. These heterobifunctional molecules are capable of specifically degrading target a protein of interest (POI) within cells; thus, they have the potential to improve and / or prolong biological activity relative to simple small molecule inhibitors of the same entity. PROTACs generally consist of a binding element that recognizes the target protein, a separate part that binds the E3 ligase, and a spacer that connects the two components. Simultaneous binding of the POI and ligase by the PROTAC induces ubiquitylation of the POI and its subsequent degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) , after which the PROTAC is recycled to target another copy of the POI. Degrader-antibody conjugates (DACs) are a new class of therapeutic agents that have garnered significant interest in recent years. Currently, there are several DACs in preclinical and clinical development. One of the most advanced DACs is ARV-471, which targets the estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancer cells and is now being evaluated in a clinical trial. Other DACs in development target a variety of cancer-associated proteins, including BCL-2, BRD4, and FLT3. Some of conjugatable structures of PROTAC payloads for the invention are illustrated below:
[0337] In the further embodiments, a certain cell receptor agonist, a cell stimulating molecule or intracellular signaling molecule can be as a cytotoxic agent (drug1 or / and drug2) conjugated to the antibody of the invention. A cell-binding ligand or receptor agonist selected from: Folate derivatives; Somatostatin and its analogs (selected from the group consisting of octreotide (Sandostatin) and lanreotide (Somatuline) ) ; Aromatic sulfonamides; Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptides (PACAP) (PAC1) ; Vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP / PACAP) (VPAC1, VPAC2) ; Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-MSH) ; Cholecystokinins (CCK) / gastrin receptor agonists; Bombesins (selected from the group consisting of Pyr-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2) / gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) ; Neurotensin receptor ligands (NTR1, NTR2, NTR3) ; Substance P (NK1 receptor) ligands; Neuropeptide Y (Y1–Y6) ; Homing Peptides include RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) , NGR (Asn-Gly-Arg) , the dimeric and multimeric cyclic RGD peptides (selected from cRGDfV) , TAASGVRSMH and LTLRWVGLMS (Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2 receptor ligands) and F3 peptides; Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) ; Peptide Hormones, selected from the group consisting of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists and antagonists, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, acts by targeting follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) , as well as testosterone production, selected from the group consisting of buserelin, Gonadorelin, Goserelin, Histrelin, leuprolide, Nafarelin, Triptorelin, Nafarelin, Deslorelin, Abarelix, Cetrorelix, Degarelix, and Ganirelix; Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRRs) , selected from the group consisting of Toll-like receptors’ (TLRs) ligands, C-type lectins and Nodlike Receptors’ (NLRs) ligands; Calcitonin receptor agonists; integrin receptors’ and their receptor subtypes’ (selected from the group consisting ofαVβ1, αVβ3, αVβ5, αVβ6, α6β4, α7β1, αLβ2, αIIbβ3) agonists (selected from the group consisting of GRGDSPK, cyclo (RGDfV) (L1) and its derives [cyclo (-N (Me) R-GDfV) , cyclo (R-Sar-DfV) , cyclo (RG-N (Me) D-fV) , cyclo (RGD-N (Me) f-V) , cyclo (RGDf-N (Me) V-) (Cilengitide) ] ; Anticalin (aderivative of Lipocalins) ; Adnectins (10th FN3 (Fibronectin) ) ; Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) ; Avimers; EGF receptors, or VEGF receptors’ agonists;
[0338] A cell-binding molecule / ligand or a cell receptor agonist selected from the following: LB01 (Folate) , LB02 (PMSA ligand) , LB03 (PMSA ligand) , LB04 (PMSA ligand) , LB05 (Somatostatin) , LB06 (Somatostatin) , LB07 (Octreotide, a Somatostatin analog) , LB08 (Lanreotide, a Somatostatin analog) , LB09 (Vapreotide (Sanvar) , a Somatostatin analog) , LB10 (CAIX ligand) , LB11 (CAIX ligand) , LB12 (Gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) , MBA) , LB13 (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) ligand and GnRH) , LB14 (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and GnRH ligand) , LB15 (GnRH antagonist, Abarelix) , LB16 (cobalamin, vitamin B12 analog) , LB17 (cobalamin, vitamin B12 analog) , LB18 (for αvβ3 integrin receptor, cyclic RGD pentapeptide) , LB19 (hetero-bivalent peptide ligand for VEGF receptor) , LB20 (Neuromedin B) , LB21 (bombesin for a G-protein coupled receptor) , LB22 (TLR2 for a Toll-like receptor, ) , LB23 (for an androgen receptor) , LB24 (Cilengitide / cyclo (-RGDfV-) for an αv integrin receptor, LB23 (Fludrocortisone) , LB25 (Rifabutin analog) , LB26 (Rifabutin analog) , LB27 (Rifabutin analog) , LB28 (Fludrocortisone) , LB29 (Dexamethasone) , LB30 (fluticasone propionate) , LB31 (Beclometasone dipropionate) , LB32 (Triamcinolone acetonide) , LB33 (Prednisone) , LB34 (Prednisolone) , LB35 (Methylprednisolone) , LB36 (Betamethasone) , LB37 (Irinotecan analog) , LB38 (Crizotinib analog) , LB39 (Bortezomib analog) , LB40 (Carfilzomib analog) , LB41 (Carfilzomib analog) , LB42 (Leuprolide analog) , LB43 (Triptorelin analog) , LB44 (Clindamycin) , LB45 (Liraglutide analog) , LB46 (Semaglutide analog) , LB47 (Retapamulin analog) , LB48 (Indibulin analog) , LB49 (Vinblastine analog) , LB50 (Lixisenatide analog) , LB51 (Osimertinib analog) , LB52 (anucleoside analog) , LB53 (Erlotinib analog) or LB54 (Lapatinib analog) which are shown in the following structures:
[0339] LB39, wherein Y5, is N, CH, C (Cl) , C (CH3) , or C (COOR1) ; R12 is H, C1-C6 Alkyl, C3-C8 Ar;
[0340] wherein X4, and Y1 are independently O, NH, NHNH, NR1, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R1) , CH2, C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1, and R1 is C1-C8 alkyl.
[0341] In further embodiments of the present invention, the prepared conjugate with one or two open-ring forms of thiosuccinimides (Ib) as represented by Formula (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (Ib-3) , (Ic-1) , (Ic-2) , (Ic-3) , (Id-1) , (Id-2) , (Id-3) , (If) , (Ig) and (Ij) have examples illustrated below:
[0342] Unless specific indication, the above listed open-forms of thiosuccinimde conjugates in general contain less than 50%unopened forms of thiosuccinimde conjugates which are not separated out when the conjugates are used in the applications. Preferably, the conjugates contain less than 30%unopened forms of thiosuccinimde conjugates when used in the applications. And more Preferably, they contain less than 15%unopened forms of thiosuccinimde conjugates when used in the applications.
[0343] The examples of the payload-linker complexes of Formula (Hd) and (Ih) used for preparation of the conjugates are:
[0344] In another embodiments, the present invention further relates to a method of making the conjugates of Formula (Ia) , (Ic) , and (Ii) from payload / linker complexes of Formula (Hd) , (Ih) , and (Ih) and (Ij) , respectively, as illustrated in the reaction Equations (IV) , (V) and (VI) above.
[0345] In general, the conjugates of Formula (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) , (Id-1) and (Id-2) , and (Ig-1) and (Ig-2) can be prepared directly from the payload / linker complexes of Formula (Hd) , (Ih) , and (Ih) and (Ij) , respectively, without isolated intermediates, the unopened thiosuccinimide conjugates of Formula (Ia) , (Ic) and (Ii) . However, due to different physical and chemical properties of certain antibody or antibody-like protein, sometimes the unopened thiosuccinimide conjugates of Formula (Ia) , (Ic) or (Ii) are needed to be isolated by chromatography (such as cation exchange, anion exchange, HIC, RP , or hybrid ion exchange and hydrophobic chromatography) or UF / DF (Ultrafiltration / diafiltration) prior to be proceeded for hydrolysis.
[0346] In some embodiments, the conjugates of Formula (Ib) ( (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) ) , (Id) ( (Id-1) and (Id-2) ) , and (Ig) ( (Ig-1) and (Ig-2) ) are preferably prepared via the following four key steps to generate homogenous conjugates:
[0347] (1) incubating the antibody or antibody-like protein in the presence of an effective zinc (II) cation (such as ZnCl2) or zinc (II) cation-amino chelate / complex (Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+) and a reductant (e.g. Tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) ) in a buffer system (e.g. PBS, Mes, Bis-Tris, Bis-Tris Propane, Pipes, Aces, Mopso, Bes, Mops, Hepes, Tes, Pipps, Dipso, Tapso, Heppso, Tris-up, Tris-HCl, Tricine, Hepps, Gly-Gly, Bicine, Taps, Hepee, Acetates, Histidine, Citrates, MES, or Borates, etc. ) at pH 4.5 ~ 8.5, 1~ 10 ℃ for 1 ~24 h to selectively reduce interchain disulfide bonds within the antibody, to generate thiols;
[0348] (2) . introducing an effective amount of a cytotoxic drug-linker complex of formula (Hd) or (Ih) , or (Ih) and (Ij) sequentially, to react with the thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 15 minutes to 4 hours; and
[0349] (3) . adding effective amount of an azido compound (e.g. 4- (azidomethyl) -benzoic acid or p-azido-benzoic acid) to quench excess reductants, and an oxidant (e.g. dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) ) to re-oxidize unreacted thiol groups, and then purifying the resulted conjugates, or directly proceeding to the next hydrolysis step;
[0350] the step (3) can be replaced by: adding an effective amount of cystine to quench the excessive conjugation linker or linker / payload complex containing thiol reactive groups (e.g. maleimide) ; and adding an azido compound (e.g. 4- (azidomethyl) -benzoic acid or p-azido-benzoic acid) or a disulfide compound (e.g. cystine) to quench the unreacted reductant (e.g. TCEP or Tris (hydroxypropyl) -phosphine) , simultaneously or sequentially. The addition of cystine to quench the unreacted reductant (e.g. TCEP) can yield a cysteine which can simultaneously quench the excessive conjugation linker or linker / payload complex of Formula (Hd) , (Ih) , and (Ih) and (Ij) containing thiol reactive groups (e. g. maleimide) . At this step, the yielded unopened thiosuccinimide conjugates of Formula (Ia) , (Ic) or (Ii) can be optionally isolated by chromatography or UF / DF prior to be proceeded for the next step of hydrolysis;
[0351] (4) . the hydrolysis as described above is conducted at mild conditions, wherein the mixture containing a Lewis base is adjusted to pH 6.5 ~ 8.0, and maintained at temperature of 25 ~40 ℃, for 15 min ~ 96 hours for final purification of the conjugates by chromatography or UF / DF;
[0352] wherein the formula of Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+, R1, R2 and R3are independently selected from C1-C8 of alkyl; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl; m1 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; Preferably m1 is 1, 2, 3 or 4.
[0353] In addition, (NR1R2R3) m1 in Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+can be form a dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer, or hexamer wherein these polymers are covalently linked among N, R1, R2 and R3; and N, R1, R2 or R3 groups can themselves or jointly form (or join together to form) 3 ~ 10 member rings of heterocyclic, carbocyclic, diheterocyclic, or dicarbocyclic groups.
[0354] The Zinc cation-amino chelate / complex, Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+, used in step (a) is 0.01 mM –1.0 mM in concentration, or 0.5 ~ 20 equivalents in moles of the protein used, and it can be added to the reaction solution with a water-soluble organic solvent, selected from, ethanol, methanol, propanol, propandiol, DMA, DMF, DMSO, THF, CH3CN. Herein Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+ is used for help of discriminative reduction of disulfide bonds in the IgG antibody by the TCEP, DTT or the other reductants. In general, with addition of Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+, the low level of disulfide bond of IgG antibody can be prevented from reduction, or can be last reduced if much amount of a reductant is used. While the disulfide bonds between heavy-light chains of IgG antibody are the first to be reduced by a reductant, then the upper level of disulfide bond of Fc part of IgG antibody is the second to be reduced by a reductant,
[0355] The reductant is an organic phosphine, preferably selected from Tris (2-carboxyethyl) -phosphine (TECP) or Tris (hydroxypropyl) phosphine and its use in the reaction solution is 0.02 mM –1.0 mM in concentration, or 1.0 –20 equivalents in moles of the protein used. The oxidant to be added in step (c) may be DHAA, Fe3+, I2, Cu2+, Mn3+, MnO2, or mixture of Fe3+ / I-. The oxidant used in the reaction solution is 0.02 mM -1.0 mM in concentration, or 0.2 -100 equivalents in moles of the protein used. The optimum pH in the conjugation reaction is typically between about 5.0 to 8.0, and preferably, about 5.5 to 7.5. The optimum temperature in the conjugation reaction is typically between about -5 to about 40 ℃ , and preferably, about 0 to 37 ℃; more preferably about 2 to 8 ℃; further preferably about 2 to 6 ℃. The optimum time of the conjugation reaction is typically between about 15 minutes to about 48 hours and preferably, about 30 min to overnight (10 ~ 18 h) , more preferably about 2 h ~ 16 h. The optimal reaction conditions (e.g. pH, temperature, buffer, concentrations of the reactants) of course are depended specifically upon an antibody-like protein, a payload / linker complex, a reductant and / or Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+ used.
[0356] In further embodiments, Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+ is preferably selected from: Zn (NH2CH3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2CH3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2CH3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH (CH3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH2C (CH3) 3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2C (CH3) 3) 22+, Zn (NH (CH3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2CH3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH (CH3) 2) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (C (CH3) 3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH (CH2CH3) 2) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2C (CH3) 3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2C (CH2CH3) 3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2CH2C (CH3) 3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2OH) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2CH2OH) 2) 22+, Zn (N (CH2CH2OH) 3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2COOH) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2CONH2) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH2CH3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2COOC (CH3) 3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH (CH3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2COOH) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2COOH) 2) 22+, Zn (N (CH2CH2COOH) 3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2CH3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2CH3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH (CH3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH2C (CH3) 3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2C (CH3) 3) 42+, Zn (NH (CH3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2CH3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH (CH3) 2) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (C (CH3) 3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH (CH2CH3) 2) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2C (CH3) 3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2C (CH2CH3) 3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2CH2C (CH3) 3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2OH) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2CH2OH) 2) 42+, Zn (N (CH2CH2OH) 3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2COOH) 42+, Zn(NH2CH2CONH2) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH2CH3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2COOC (CH3) 3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH (CH3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2COOH) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2COOH) 2) 42+, Zn (N (CH2CH2COOH) 3) 42+,
[0357] All the complex cations above can be formed with an anion, selected from, but not limited, Cl-, Br-, I-, SO42-, HSO4-, NO3-, PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4-, CO32-, HCO3-, HCOO-, CH3COO-, F3CCOO-, Cl3CCOO-, FCH2COO-, ClCH2COO-, F2CHCOO-, Cl2CHCOO-, BF4-, SO32-, HSO3-, CH3SO3-, C6H5CH2SO3-, C6H5SO3-, C6H5COO-, C6H5CH2COO-, C6F5O-, C6H4 (OH) COO-, C6H2F3O-, C6 H4 (NO2) O-, C6 H2 (NO2) 3O-, etc.
[0358] In further embodiments, under the homogenous conjugation process, the resulted conjugates of formula (Ia) , (Ie) , or (Ii) , are in over 75%linked to Fab region of an IgG antibody or antibody like protein, if DAR (drug / antibody ratio) is controlled at 2.0 ~ 4.5, In particular, for conjugates of formula (Ia) or the conjugates with dual thiosuccinimide groups of this invention, over 75%of the drug is cross-linked to the disulfide bond sites between heavy-light chains of an IgG1 antibody, and are less than 15%linked to the disulfide bond sites between heavy-heavy chains (hinge region) of an IgG1 antibody if DAR is set to ~4.0. Typically, for formula (Ia) , (Ic) , or (Ii) , when drug / antibody ratio (DAR) is set to be 4 and a drug linked to the linker is at one to one ratio, the distributions in percentage of the numbers of drugs in the antibody are: D0 <5%, D2<10%, D4>65%, D6<10%, D8<5%; If the drug to linker ratio is above to 1, such as, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 drugs per linker (when a side chain or a multiple branched linker containing a drug is used) , the distributions in percentages of numbers of drugs in the antibody or antibody-like protein are increased by timing the ratios of drug / linker accordingly. The DAR can also be set up to around 6, or majority D6 >65%, through using both more equivalents of reducing agents, such as TCEP and more equivalents of one drug per linker payload / linker complex of formula (Hd) , or (Ih) , or (Ih) and (Ij) as well as longer conjugation time, the drugs are mainly (over 65%) conjugated to the sites of disulfide bonds between heavy-light chains and the upper disulfide bonds of the hinge region of an IgG antibody or antibody like protein.
[0359] The resulted conjugates may be purified by standard biochemical means, such as gel filtration on a Sephadex G25 or Sephacryl S300 column, adsorption chromatography, ion (cation or anion) exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography (e.g. protein A column) or by dialysis (ultrafiltration or hyperfiltration (UF) and diafiltration (DF) ) . In some cases, a small size molecule of antibody (e.g. Fv, VHH antibody, or nanobody, or < 100 KD antibody) conjugated with a small molecular drug can be purified by UF / DF, or a chromatography such as by (reverse phase) HPLC or FPLC, size-exclusion chromatography, medium pressure column chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, or hydroxylapatite chromatography.
[0360] In further embodiments, for preparation of the conjugate of Formula (Ia) , (Ic) , or (Ii) , the controlled reduction of cysteines in an antibody and conjugation reaction of the cytotoxic drug / cytotoxic drug-linker complex of Formula (Hd) and (Ih) to the yielded cysteines in the antibody as well the following-by hydrolysis can be conducted at simultaneously or sequentially at the same or different conditions in the same pot.
[0361] In another embodiments, for preparation of thr conjugate of Formula (Ii) , as illustrated in equation (III) , the conjugation reaction for both Formula (Ih) and (Ij) are conducted sequentially. In general, the first conjugation of the compound of Formula (Ih) can be performed according to the above homogenous conjugation process, wherein the payload / linker complex of Formula (Ih) is conjugated to the disulfide sites between heavy-light chains (of the Fab region) of an IgG antibody, then the compound of Formula (Ij) is adding sequentially to the reaction mixture to be conjugated at the disulfide bonds of hinge region of the IgG antibody. The first step of conjugation reaction can be conducted at low temperature, and the second step of the conjugation reaction with compound of Formula (Ij) can then be performed at the same low temperature, or slightly higher temperature (e.g. less than room temperature, 15 ~23 ℃) ) or mildly higher temperature (24 ~ 40 ℃) without purification of the first step reaction product as long as the compound of Formula (Ij) is added in much more (3 or more) equivalents than the compound of Formula (Ih) .
[0362] When the same pH and / or temperature conditions are chosen for the conjugation reactions under the above homogenous conjugation process, the over two times equivalents of the cytotoxic drug-linker complex containing dual terminal thiol reactive are used for the cross conjugation of disulfide bonds of the two heavy-light chains of an antibody. It should be noted that a preferred method of synthesis of the disulfide or thiol-ether linked conjugates can be through the first chemical synthesis the drug-linker complex having disulfide or thiol-reactive compounds of the formula (Hd) , (Ih) , or (Ij) , following by reaction with the thiols in the protein (antibody) according the process of the invention, since the thiol-maleimide coupling reaction is more than 100 times fast than the reaction between the disulfide bond exchanges. Synthesis of conjugates bearing an acid labile hydrazone linkage can be achieved by reaction of a carbonyl group with the hydrazide moiety in the linker, by methods known in the art (see, for example, P. Hamann et al., Cancer Res. 53, 3336-34, 1993; B. Laguzza et al., J. Med. Chem., 32; 548-55, 1959; P. Trail et al., Cancer Res., 57; 100-5, 1997) , following by the process of the invention. Synthesis of conjugates bearing triazole linkage can be achieved by reaction of a 1-yne group of the cytotoxic drug / cytotoxic drug-linker complex or a binding ligand / binding ligand-linker complex with the azido moiety in the linker of formula (Hd) , (Ih) , or (Ij) , through the click chemistry (Huisgen cycloaddition) (Lutz, J-F. et al, 2008, Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 60, 958–70; Sletten, E. M. et al 2011, AccChem. Research 44, 666–76) , following by the process of the invention. Synthesis of the conjugates linked via oxime is achieved by reaction of a ketone or aldehyde on a cytotoxic drug structure and a linker complex containing oxyamine group, following by the process of the invention. A cytotoxic drug / cytotoxic drug complex containing an amino group can condensate with a carboxyl ester of NHS, imidazole, nitrophenoxyl; N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ; methylsufonyl-phenoxyl; dinitrophenoxyl; pentafluorophenoxyl; tetrafluorophenoxyl; difluorophenoxyl; monofluo-rophenoxyl; pentachlorophenoxyl; triflate; imidazole; dichlorophenoxyl; tetrachlorophenoxyl; 1-hydroxybenzotriazole; tosylate; mesylate; 2-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3′-sulfonate in a linker complex to give a drug / linker complex via amide bond linkage of Formula (Hd) , (Ih) , or (Ij) . Many regular chemical and biochemical processes of the making drug-linker complexes are known in the art (see, e.g. Puthenveetil, S., Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2078: 99-112; van Delft, F., and Lambert, J.M., ed. “Chemical Linkers in Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) ” , Royal Soc. Chem. Pub., 22, Dec. 2021, ISBN 978-1-83916-263-3, doi: 10. 1039 / 9781839165153; Tumey, L.N., ed. “Antibody-Drug Conjugates, Methods and Protocols” , Springer Pub., 2020, ISBN: 978-1-4939-9929-3; Khongorzul, P. et al, Mol Cancer Res. 2020, 18 (1) : 3-19; and many references incorporated in these books and papers) .
[0363] In general, the conjugate of Formula (Ib) ( (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) ) , (Ib-1a) , (Ib-1b) , (Ib-1c) , (Ib-1d) , (Ib-1f) , (Ib-2a) , (Ib-2b) , (Ib-2c) (Ib-1g) , (Ib-1h) , (Ib-1i) , (Ib-2d) , (Ib-2e) or (Ib-2f) , is preferably generated directly from a drug / linker complex of Formula (Hd) , (Ih) , or (Ij) , as in a one pot reaction. When a thiol reduced from an antibody reacts the maleimido groups in the terminal of drug / linker complex of Formula (Hd) , (Ih) , or (Ij) , the Ellman reagent can be optionally used to monitor the efficient reduction of the disulfide bonds and conjugation of the thiols through measurement of the numbers of the free thiols during the reactions. A UV spectrometry at wavelength of range 190-390 nm, preferably at 240-380 nm, more preferably at 240-370 nm is preferred to be used in assisting the reaction (via monitoring the conjugation) . The conjugation reaction can be thus measured or conducted in a quartz cell or Pyrex flask in temperature control environment. The drug / protein (antibody) ratios (DAR) of the conjugates can also be measured by UV at wavelength of range 240-380 nm via calculation of the concentrations of the drug and the protein, by Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC-HPLC) or Reverse Phase Chromatography (RP-HPLC) via measurement of the integration areas of each drug / protein fragment, or by Capillary electrophoresis (CE) , and / or by LC-MS or LC-MS / MS or CE-MS (the combination of liquid chromatography (LC) or CE with mass spectrometry (MS) via measurement of both the integration areas of LC or CE and Peak intensity of MS for each drug / protein fragment) . It is also noted that in the conjugation process of the present invention, when a drug or a drug / linker complex is not well soluble in a water-based buffer solution, up to 30%of water mixable (miscible) organic solvents, such as DMA, DMF, ethanol, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, THF, isopropanol, dioxane, propylene glycol, or ethylene diol can be added as the co-solvent in water-based buffer solution.
[0364] The aqueous solutions for the modification of the antibody are buffered between pH 4 and 9, preferably between 6.0 and 7.5 and can contain any non-nucleophilic buffer salts useful for these pH ranges. Typical buffers include phosphate, acetate, triethanolamine HCl, HEPES, and MOPS buffers, which can contain additional components, such as cyclodextrins, sucrose and salts, for examples, NaCl and KCl. Other biological buffers that are used for the conjugation process are listed in the definition section. The progress of the reaction can be monitored by measuring the decrease in the absorption at a certain UV wavelength, such as at 254 nm, or increase in the absorption at a certain UV wavelength, such as 280 nm, or the other appropriate wavelength. After the reaction is complete, isolation of the modified cell-binding antibody agent can be performed in a routine way, using for example gel filtration chromatography, or adsorptive chromatography.
[0365] When disulfide exchange reaction is used for modification of the antibody, the extent of the modification can be assessed by measuring the absorbance of the nitropyridine thione, dinitropyridine dithione, pyridine thione, carboxylamidopyridine dithione and dicarboxyl-amidopyridine dithione group released via UV spectra. For the conjugation without a chromophore group, the modification or conjugation reaction can be monitored by LC-MS, preferably by UPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry, or Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) . The linker compounds have diverse functional groups that can react with drugs, preferably cytotoxic agents that possess a suitable substituent. For examples, the modified antibody bearing an amino or hydroxyl substituent can react with drugs bearing an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, the modified antibody bearing a thiol substituent can react with drugs bearing a maleimido or haloacetyl group. Additionally, the modified antibody bearing a carbonyl (ketone or aldehyde) substituent can react with drugs bearing a hydrazide or an alkoxyamine. One skilled in the art can readily determine which linker to use based on the known reactivity of the available functional group on the linkers.
[0366] THE ANTIBODY
[0367] The antibody (mAb) for the conjugation process is preferred a cell-binding antibody or antibody-like protein molecule that binds to, complexes with, or reacts with a moiety of a cell population sought to be therapeutically or otherwise biologically modified.
[0368] For convenience in this section and elsewhere, “antibody” should be understood to include “antibody-like protein and peptide” except where the context requires otherwise. Suitable antibody-like proteins which may be present in the conjugates of the invention include for example peptides, polypeptides, antibodies, antibody fragments, enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, receptors, blood factors, peptide hormones, toxin, transcription antibody-like proteins, or multimeric antibody-like proteins, wherein they have interchain disulfide bonds structurally.
[0369] Enzymes include carbohydrate-specific enzymes, proteolytic enzymes and the like, for example the oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases and ligases disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,179,337. Specific enzymes of interest include asparaginase, arginase, adenosine deaminase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, chymotrypsin, lipase, uricase, bilirubin oxidase, glucose oxidase, glucuronidase, galactosidase, glucocerbrosidase, and glutaminase.
[0370] Blood antibody-like proteins include albumin, transferrin, Factor VII, Factor VIII or Factor IX, von Willebrand factor, insulin, ACTH, glucagen, somatostatin, somatotropins, thymosin, parathyroid hormone, pigmentary hormones, somatomedins, erythropoietin, luteinizing hormone, hypothalamic releasing factors, antidiuretic hormones, prolactin, interleukins, interferons, for example IFN-α. or IFN-β, colony stimulating factors, haemoglobin, cytokines, antibodies, antibody fragments, chorionicgonadotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone and tissue plasminogen activator.
[0371] Other antibody-like proteins of interest are allergen antibody-like proteins disclosed by Dreborg et al Crit. Rev. Therap. Drug Carrier Syst. (1990) 6 315-365 as having reduced allergenicity when conjugated with a polymer such as poly (alkylene oxide) and consequently are suitable for use as tolerance inducers. Among the allergens disclosed are Ragweed antigen E, honeybee venom, mite allergen and the like.
[0372] Glycopolypeptides such as immunoglobulins, ovalbumin, lipase, glucocerebrosidase, lectins, tissue plasminogen activator and glycosylated interleukins, interferons and colony stimulating factors are of interest, as are immunoglobulins such as IgG, IgE, IgM, IgA, IgD and fragments thereof. Of particular interest are receptor and ligand binding antibody-like proteins and antibodies and antibody fragments which are used in clinical medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
[0373] The antibody herein is preferred (A) : the group consisting of an antibody, an antibody-like protein molecule, probody, nanobody, peptides, an antibody coating on polymeric micelle, an antibody-liposome, a lipoprotein-based drug carrier, an antibody coating on nano-particle, an antibody-dendrimer, and a particle said above coated or linked with an antibody-like protein (antibody) , or a combination of said above thereof;
[0374] (B) : an antibody, full-length antibodies (polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, dimers, multimers, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibody, trispecific antibody, or tetraspecific antibody) ; single chain antibodies; an antibody fragment that binds to the target cell, a monoclonal antibody, a single chain monoclonal antibody, a monoclonal antibody fragment that binds the target cell, a chimeric antibody, a chimeric antibody fragment that binds to the target cell, a domain antibody, a domain antibody fragment that binds to the target cell, a resurfaced antibody, a resurfaced single chain antibody, or a resurfaced antibody fragment that binds to the target cell, a humanized antibody or a resurfaced antibody, a humanized single chain antibody, or a humanized antibody fragment that binds to the target cell, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, CDR's , diabody, tribody, tetrabody, miniantibody, a probody, a probody fragment, small immune antibody-like proteins (SIP) , a lymphokine antibody-like protein, a hormone type antibody-like protein, a growth factor antibody-like protein, a colony stimulating factor antibody-like protein, a nutrient-transport antibody-like protein, large molecular weight antibody-like proteins, fusion antibody-like proteins, a kinase inhibitor antibody-like protein, gene-targeting antibody-like protein, antibody-like protein coated on nanoparticles or polymers modified with antibodies or large molecular weight antibody-like proteins;
[0375] The fragments of antibodies include Fab, Fab', F (ab') 2, Fv, [Parham, J. Immunol. 131, 2895-902 (1983) ] , fragments produced by a Fab expression library, and epitope-binding fragments of any of the above which immuno-specifically bind to cancer cell antigens, viral antigens, microbial antigens or an antibody-like protein generated by the immune system that is capable of recognizing, binding to a specific antigen or exhibiting the desired biological activity (Miller et al (2003) J. of Immunology 170: 4854-61) ; interferons (such as type I, II, III) ; peptides; lymphokines such as IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) ; hormones such as insulin, TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormones) , MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) , steroid hormones, such as androgens and estrogens, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) ; growth factors and colony-stimulating factors such as epidermal growth factors (EGF) , granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) , transforming growth factors (TGF) , such as TGFα, TGFβ, insulin and insulin like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II) G-CSF, M-CSF and GM-CSF [Burgess, Immunology Today, 5, 155-8 (1984) ] ; vaccinia growth factors (VGF) ; fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) ; smaller molecular weight antibody-like proteins, poly-peptide, peptides and peptide hormones, such as bombesin, gastrin, gastrin-releasing peptide; platelet-derived growth factors; interleukin and cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , leukemia inhibitory factors, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ; vitamins, such as folate; apoproteins and glycoproteins, such as transferrin [O'Keefe et al, 260 J. Biol. Chem. 932-7 (1985) ] ; sugar-binding proteins or lipoproteins, such as lectins; cell nutrient-transport molecules; and small molecular inhibitors, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors and small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) , non-peptides or any other cell binding molecule or substance, such as bioactive polymers (Dhar, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105, 17356-61) ; bioactive dendrimers (Lee, et al, Nat. Biotechnol. 2005, 23, 1517-26; Almutairi, et al; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2009, 106, 685-90) ; nanoparticles (Liong, et al, ACS Nano, 2008, 2, 1309-12; Medarova, et al, Nat. Med. 2007, 13, 372-7; Javier, et al, Bioconjugate Chem. 2008, 19, 1309-12) ; liposomes (Medinai, et al, Curr. Phar. Des. 2004, 10, 2981-9) ; viral capsides (Flenniken, et al, Viruses Nanotechnol. 2009, 327, 71-93) .
[0376] In general, a monoclonal antibody is preferred as a cell-surface binding agent if an appropriate one is available. And the antibody may be murine, human, humanized, chimeric, or derived from other species.
[0377] Production of antibodies used in the present invention involves in vivo or in vitro procedures or combinations thereof. Methods for producing polyclonal anti-receptor peptide antibodies are well-known in the art, such as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,493,795 (to Nestor et al) . A monoclonal antibody is typically made by fusing myeloma cells with the spleen cells from a mouse that has been immunized with the desired antigen ( G.; Milstein, C. (1975) . Nature 256: 495-7) . The detailed procedures are described in “Antibodies--A Laboratory Manual” , Harlow and Lane, eds., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York (1988) , which is incorporated herein by reference. Particularly monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing mice, rats, hamsters, or any other mammal with the antigen of interest such as the intact target cell, antigens isolated from the target cell, whole virus, attenuated whole virus, and viral proteins. Splenocytes are typically fused with myeloma cells using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. Fused hybrids are selected by their sensitivity to HAT (hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymine) . Hybridomas producing a monoclonal antibody useful in practicing this invention are identified by their ability to immunoreact specified receptors or inhibit receptor activity on target cells.
[0378] A monoclonal antibody used in the present invention can be produced by initiating a monoclonal hybridoma culture comprising a nutrient medium containing a hybridoma that secretes antibody molecules of the appropriate antigen specificity. The culture is maintained under conditions and for a time period sufficient for the hybridoma to secrete the antibody molecules into the medium. The antibody-containing medium is then collected. The antibody molecules can then be further isolated by well-known techniques, such as using protein-A affinity chromatography; anion, cation, hydrophobic, or size exclusive chromatographies (particularly by affinity for the specific antigen after protein A, and sizing column chromatography) ; centrifugation, differential solubility, or by any other standard technique for the purification of proteins.
[0379] Media useful for the preparation of these compositions are both well-known in the art and commercially available and include synthetic culture media. An exemplary synthetic medium is Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM; Dulbecco et al., Virol. 8, 396 (1959) ) supplemented with 4.5 gm / l glucose, 0~20 mM glutamine, 0~20%fetal calf serum, several ppm amount of heavy metals, such as Cu, Mn, Fe, or Zn, etc, or / and the other heavy metals added in their salt forms, and with an anti-foaming agent, such as polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer.
[0380] In addition, antibody-producing cell lines can also be created by techniques other than fusion, such as direct transformation of B lymphocytes with oncogenic DNA, or transfection with an oncovirus, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4) ) or Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) . See, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,341,761; 4,399,121; 4,427,783; 4,444,887; 4,451,570; 4,466,917; 4,472,500; 4,491,632; 4,493,890. A monoclonal antibody may also be produced via an anti-receptor peptide or peptides containing the carboxyl terminal as described well-known in the art. See Niman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80: 4949-53 (1983) ; Geysen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82: 178-82 (1985) ; Lei et al. Biochemistry 34 (20) : 6675-88, (1995) . Typically, the anti-receptor peptide or a peptide analog is used either alone or conjugated to an immunogenic carrier, as the immunogen for producing anti-receptor peptide monoclonal antibodies.
[0381] There are also a number of other well-known techniques for making monoclonal antibodies as binding molecules in this invention. Particularly useful are methods of making fully human antibodies. One method is phage display technology which can be used to select a range of human antibodies binding specifically to the antigen using methods of affinity enrichment. Phage display has been thoroughly described in the literature and the construction and screening of phage display libraries are well known in the art, see, e.g., Dente et al, Gene. 148 (1) : 7-13 (1994) ; Little et al, Biotechnol Adv. 12(3) : 539-55 (1994) ; Clackson et al., Nature 352: 264-8 (1991) ; Huse et al., Science 246: 1275-81 (1989) .
[0382] Monoclonal antibodies derived by hybridoma technique from another species than human, such as mouse, can be humanized to avoid human anti-mouse antibodies when infused into humans. Among the more common methods of humanization of antibodies are complementarity-determining region grafting and resurfacing. These methods have been extensively described, see e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,859,205 and 6,797,492; Liu et al, Immunol Rev. 222: 9-27 (2008) ; Almagro et al, Front Biosci. 13: 1619-33 (2008) ; Lazar et al, Mol Immunol. 44 (8) : 1986-98 (2007) ; Li et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 103 (10) : 3557-62 (2006) each incorporated herein by reference. Fully human antibodies can also be prepared by immunizing transgenic mice, rabbits, monkeys, or other mammals, carrying large portions of the human immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, with an immunogen. Examples of such mice are: the Xenomouse. (Abgenix / Amgen) , the HuMAb-Mouse (Medarex / BMS) , the VelociMouse (Regeneron) , see also U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,596,541, 6,207,418, 6,150,584, 6,111,166, 6,075,181, 5,922,545, 5,661,016, 5,545,806, 5,436,149 and 5,569,825. In human therapy, murine variable regions and human constant regions can also be fused to construct called “chimeric antibodies” that are considerably less immunogenic in man than murine mAbs (Kipriyanov et al, Mol Biotechnol. 26: 39-60 (2004) ; Houdebine, Curr Opin Biotechnol. 13: 625-9 (2002) each incorporated herein by reference) . In addition, site-directed mutagenesis in the variable region of an antibody can result in an antibody with higher affinity and specificity for its antigen (Brannigan et al, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 3: 964-70, (2002) ) ; Adams et al, J Immunol Methods. 231: 249-60 (1999) ) and exchanging constant regions of a mAb can improve its ability to mediate effector functions of binding and cytotoxicity.
[0383] Antibodies immunospecific for a malignant cell antigen can also be obtained commercially or produced by any method known to one of skill in the art such as, e.g., chemical synthesis or recombinant expression techniques. The nucleotide sequence encoding antibodies immune-specific for a malignant cell antigen can be obtained commercially, e.g., from the GenBank database or a database like it, the literature publications, or by routine cloning and sequencing.
[0384] Apart from an antibody, an antibody like peptide or protein that bind / block / target or in some other way interact with the epitopes or corresponding receptors on a targeted cell can be used as a binding molecule. These antibody-like peptides or proteins could be any random peptide or proteins that have an affinity for the epitopes or corresponding receptors and they don't necessarily have to be of the immune-globulin family. These peptides can be isolated by similar techniques as for phage display antibodies (Szardenings, J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2003, 23 (4) : 307-49) . The use of peptides from such random peptide libraries can be similar to antibodies and antibody fragments. The binding molecules of antibody like peptides or proteins may be conjugated on or linked to a large molecules or materials, such as, but is not limited, an albumin, a polymer, a liposome, a nano particle, a dendrimer, as long as such attachment permits the peptide or protein to retain its antigen binding specificity.
[0385] Examples of antibodies used for conjugation of drugs of this prevention for treating cancer, autoimmune disease, and / or infectious disease include, but are not limited to, 3F8 (anti-GD2) , Abagovomab (anti CA-125) , Abciximab (anti CD41 (integrin alpha-IIb) , Adalimumab (anti-TNF-α) , Adecatumumab (anti-EpCAM, CD326) , Afelimomab (anti-TNF-α) ; Afutuzumab (anti-CD20) , Alacizumab pegol (anti-VEGFR2) , ALD518 (anti-IL-6) , Alemtuzumab (Campath, MabCampath, anti-CD52) , Altumomab (anti-CEA) , Anatumomab (anti-TAG-72) , Anrukinzumab (IMA-638, anti-IL-13) , Apolizumab (anti-HLA-DR) , Arcitumomab (anti-CEA) , Aselizumab (anti-L-selectin (CD62L) , Atlizumab (tocilizumab, Actemra, RoActemra, anti-IL-6 receptor) , Atorolimumab (anti-Rhesus factor) , Bapineuzumab (anti-beta amyloid) , Basiliximab (Simulect, antiCD25 (α chain of IL-2 receptor) , Bavituximab (anti-phosphatidylserine) , Bectumomab (LymphoScan, anti-CD22) , Belimumab (Benlysta, LymphoStat-B, anti-BAFF) , Benralizumab (anti-CD125) , Bertilimumab (anti-CCL11 (eotaxin-1) ) , Besilesomab (Scintimun, anti-CEA-related antigen) , Bevacizumab (Avastin, anti-VEGF-A) , Biciromab (FibriScint, anti-fibrin II beta chain) , Bivatuzumab (anti-CD44 v6) , Blinatumomab (BiTE, anti-CD19) , Brentuximab (cAC10, anti-CD30 TNFRSF8) , Briakinumab (anti-IL-12, IL-23) Canakinumab (Ilaris, anti-IL-1) , Cantuzumab (C242, anti-CanAg) , Capromab, Catumaxomab (Removab, anti-EpCAM, anti-CD3) , CC49 (anti-TAG-72) , Cedelizumab (anti-CD4) , Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia anti-TNF-α) , Cetuximab (Erbitux, IMC-C225, anti-EGFR) , Citatuzumab bogatox (anti-EpCAM) , Cixutumumab (anti-IGF-1) , Clenoliximab (anti-CD4) , Clivatuzumab (anti-MUC1) , Conatumumab (anti-TRAIL-R2) , CR6261 (anti-Influenza A hemagglutinin) , Dacetuzumab (anti-CD40) , Daclizumab (Zenapax, anti-CD25 (α chain of IL-2 receptor) ) , Daratumumab (anti-CD38 (cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase) , Denosumab (Prolia, anti-RANKL) , Detumomab (anti-B-lymphoma cell) , Dorlimomab, Dorlixizumab, Ecromeximab (anti-GD3 ganglioside) , Eculizumab (Soliris, anti-C5) , Edobacomab (anti-endotoxin) , Edrecolomab (Panorex, MAb17-1A, anti-EpCAM) , Efalizumab (Raptiva, anti-LFA-1 (CD11a) , Efungumab (Mycograb, anti-Hsp90) , Elotuzumab (anti-SLAMF7) , Elsilimomab (anti-IL-6) , Enlimomab pegol (anti-ICAM-1 (CD54) ) , Epitumomab (anti-episialin) , Epratuzumab (anti-CD22) , Erlizumab (anti-ITGB2 (CD18) ) , Ertumaxomab (Rexomun, anti-HER2 / neu, CD3) , Etaracizumab (Abegrin, anti-integrin αvβ3) , Exbivirumab (anti-hepatitis B surface antigen) , Fanolesomab (NeutroSpec, anti-CD15) , Faralimomab (anti-interferon receptor) , Farletuzumab (anti-folate receptor 1) , Felvizumab (anti-respiratory syncytial virus) , Fezakinumab (anti-IL-22) , Figitumumab (anti-IGF-1 receptor) , Fontolizumab (anti-IFN-γ) , Foravirumab (anti-rabies virus glycoprotein) , Fresolimumab (anti-TGF-β) , Galiximab (anti-CD80) , Gantenerumab (anti-beta amyloid) , Gavilimomab (anti-CD147 (basigin) ) , Gemtuzumab (anti-CD33) , Girentuximab (anti-carbonic anhydrase 9) , Glembatumumab (CR011, anti-GPNMB) , Golimumab (Simponi, anti-TNF-α) , Gomiliximab (anti-CD23 (IgE receptor) ) , Ibalizumab (anti-CD4) , Ibritumomab (anti-CD20) , Igovomab (Indimacis-125, anti-CA-125) , Imciromab (Myoscint, anti-cardiac myosin) , Infliximab (Remicade, anti-TNF-α) , Intetumumab (anti-CD51) , Inolimomab (anti-CD25 (α chain of IL-2 receptor) ) , Inotuzumab (anti-CD22) , Ipilimumab (anti-CD152) , Iratumumab (anti-CD30 (TNFRSF8) ) , Keliximab (anti-CD4) , Labetuzumab (CEA-Cide, anti-CEA) , Lebrikizumab (anti-IL-13) , Lemalesomab (anti-NCA-90 (granulocyte antigen) ) , Lerdelimumab (anti-TGF beta 2) , Lexatumumab (anti-TRAIL-R2) , Libivirumab (anti-hepatitis B surface antigen) , Lintuzumab (anti-CD33) , Lucatumumab (anti-CD40) , Lumiliximab (anti-CD23 (IgE receptor) , Mapatumumab (anti-TRAIL-R1) , Maslimomab (anti-T-cell receptor) , Matuzumab (anti-EGFR) , Mepolizumab (Bosatria, anti-IL-5) , Metelimumab (anti-TGF beta 1) , Milatuzumab (anti-CD74) , Minretumomab (anti-TAG-72) , Mitumomab (BEC-2, anti-GD3 ganglioside) , Morolimumab (anti-Rhesus factor) , Motavizumab (Numax, anti-respiratory syncytial virus) , Muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3, anti-CD3) , Nacolomab (anti-C242) , Naptumomab (anti-5T4) , Natalizumab (Tysabri, anti-integrin α4) , Nebacumab (anti-endotoxin) , Necitumumab (anti-EGFR) , Nerelimomab (anti-TNF-α) , Nimotuzumab (Theracim, Theraloc, anti-EGFR) , Nofetumomab, Ocrelizumab (anti-CD20) , Odulimomab (Afolimomab, anti-LFA-1 (CD11a) ) , Ofatumumab (Arzerra, anti-CD20) , Olaratumab (anti-PDGF-Rα) , Omalizumab (Xolair, anti-IgE Fc region) , Oportuzumab (anti-EpCAM) , Oregovomab (OvaRex, anti-CA-125) , Otelixizumab (anti-CD3) , Pagibaximab (anti-lipoteichoic acid) , Palivizumab (Synagis, Abbosynagis, anti-respiratory syncytial virus) , Panitumumab (Vectibix, ABX-EGF, anti-EGFR) , Panobacumab (anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa) , Pascolizumab (anti-IL-4) , Pemtumomab (Theragyn, anti-MUC1) , Pertuzumab (Omnitarg, 2C4, anti-HER2 / neu) , Pexelizumab (anti-C5) , Pintumomab (anti-adenocarcinoma antigen) , Priliximab (anti-CD4) , Pritumumab (anti-vimentin) , PRO 140 (anti-CCR5) , Racotumomab (1E10, anti- (N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc, NGNA) -gangliosides GM3) ) , Rafivirumab (anti-rabies virus glycoprotein) , Ramucirumab (anti-VEGFR2) , Ranibizumab (Lucentis, anti-VEGF-A) , Raxibacumab (anti-anthrax toxin, protective antigen) , Regavirumab (anti-cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B) , Reslizumab (anti-IL-5) , Rilotumumab (anti-HGF) , Rituximab (MabThera, Rituxanmab, anti-CD20) , Robatumumab (anti-IGF-1 receptor) , Rontalizumab (anti-IFN-α) , Rovelizumab (LeukArrest, anti-CD11, CD18) , Ruplizumab (Antova, anti-CD154 (CD40L) ) , Satumomab (anti-TAG-72) , Sevirumab (anti-cytomegalovirus) , Sibrotuzumab (anti-FAP) , Sifalimumab (anti-IFN-α) , Siltuximab (anti-IL-6) , Siplizumab (anti-CD2) , (Smart) MI95 (anti-CD33) , Solanezumab (anti-beta amyloid) , Sonepcizumab (anti-sphingosine-1-phosphate) , Sontuzumab (anti-episialin) , Stamulumab (anti-myostatin) , Sulesomab (LeukoScan, (anti-NCA-90 (granulocyte antigen) , Tacatuzumab (anti-alpha-fetoprotein) , Tadocizumab (anti-integrin αIIbβ3) , Talizumab (anti-IgE) , Tanezumab (anti-NGF) , Taplitumomab (anti-CD19) , Tefibazumab (Aurexis, (anti-clumping factor A) , Telimomab, Tenatumomab (anti-tenascin C) , Teneliximab (anti-CD40) , Teplizumab (anti-CD3) , TGN1412 (anti-CD28) , Ticilimumab (Tremelimumab, (anti-CTLA-4) , Tigatuzumab (anti-TRAIL-R2) , TNX-650 (anti-IL-13) , Tocilizumab (Atlizumab, Actemra, RoActemra, (anti-IL-6 receptor) , Toralizumab (anti-CD154 (CD40L) ) , Tositumomab (anti-CD20) , Trastuzumab (Herceptin, (anti-HER2 / neu) , Tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4) , Tucotuzumab celmoleukin (anti-EpCAM) , Tuvirumab (anti-hepatitis B virus) , Urtoxazumab (anti-Escherichia coli) , Ustekinumab (Stelara, anti-IL-12, IL-23) , Vapaliximab (anti-AOC3 (VAP-1) ) , Vedolizumab, (anti-integrin α4β7) , Veltuzumab (anti-CD20) , Vepalimomab (anti-AOC3 (VAP-1) , Visilizumab (Nuvion, anti-CD3) , Vitaxin (anti-vascular integrin avb3) , Volociximab (anti-integrin α5β1) , Votumumab (HumaSPECT, anti-tumor antigen CTAA16.88) , Zalutumumab (HuMax-EGFr, (anti-EGFR) , Zanolimumab (HuMax-CD4, anti-CD4) , Ziralimumab (anti-CD147 (basigin) ) , Zolimomab (anti-CD5) , Etanercept Alefacept Abatacept Rilonacept (Arcalyst) , 14F7 [anti-IRP-2 (Iron Regulatory Protein 2) ] , 14G2a (anti-GD2 ganglioside, from Nat. Cancer Inst. for melanoma and solid tumors) , J591 (anti-PSMA, Weill Cornell Medical School for prostate cancers) , 225.28S [anti-HMW-MAA (High molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen) , Sorin Radiofarmaci S. R. L. (Milan, Italy) for melanoma] , COL-1 (anti-CEACAM3, CGM1, from Nat. Cancer Inst. USA for colorectal and gastric cancers) , CYT-356 ( for prostate cancers) , HNK20 (OraVax Inc. for respiratory syncytial virus) , ImmuRAIT (from Immunomedics for NHL) , Lym-1 (anti-HLA-DR10, Peregrine Pharm. for Cancers) , MAK-195F [anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor; TNFA, TNF-alpha; TNFSF2) , from Abbott / Knoll for Sepsis toxic shock] , MEDI-500 [T10B9, anti-CD3, TRαβ (T cell receptor alpha / beta) , complex, from MedImmune Inc for Graft-versus-host disease] , RING SCAN [anti-TAG 72 (tumour associated glycoprotein 72) , from Neoprobe Corp. for Breast, Colon and Rectal cancers] , Avicidin (anti-EPCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) , anti-TACSTD1 (Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1) , anti-GA733-2 (gastrointestinal tumor-associated protein 2) , anti-EGP-2 (epithelial glycoprotein 2) ; anti-KSA; KS1 / 4 antigen; M4S; tumor antigen 17-1A; CD326, from NeoRx Corp. for Colon, Ovarian, Prostate cancers and NHL] ; LymphoCide (Immunomedics, NJ) , Smart ID10 (Protein Design Labs) , Oncolym (Techniclone Inc, CA) , Allomune (BioTransplant, CA) , anti-VEGF (Genentech, CA) ; CEAcide (Immunomedics, NJ) , IMC-1C11 (ImClone, NJ) and Cetuximab (ImClone, NJ) .
[0386] Other antibodies as cell binding molecules / ligands include, but are not limited to, are antibodies against the following antigens: Aminopeptidase N (CD13) , Annexin A1, B7-H3 (CD276, various cancers) , CA125 (ovarian) , CA15-3 (carcinomas) , CA19-9 (carcinomas) , L6 (carcinomas) , Lewis Y (carcinomas) , Lewis X (carcinomas) , alpha fetoprotein (carcinomas) , CA242 (colorectal) , placental alkaline phosphatase (carcinomas) , prostate specific antigen (prostate) , prostatic acid phosphatase (prostate) , epidermal growth factor (carcinomas) , CD2 (Hodgkin’s disease, NHL lymphoma, multiple myeloma) , CD3 epsilon (T cell lymphoma, lung, breast, gastric, ovarian cancers, autoimmune diseases, malignant ascites) , CD19 (B cell malignancies) , CD20 (non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) , CD22 (leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, SLE) , CD30 (Hodgkin’s lymphoma) , CD33 (leukemia, autoimmune diseases) , CD38 (multiple myeloma) , CD40 (lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia (CLL) ) , CD51 (Metastatic melanoma, sarcoma) , CD52 (leukemia) , CD56 (small cell lung cancers, ovarian cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, and the liquid tumor, multiple myeloma) , CD66e (cancers) , CD70 (metastatic renal cell carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma) , CD74 (multiple myeloma) , CD80 (lymphoma) , CD98 (cancers) , mucin (carcinomas) , CD221 (solid tumors) , CD227 (breast, ovarian cancers) , CD262 (NSCLC and other cancers) , CD309 (ovarian cancers) , CD326 (solid tumors) , CEACAM3 (colorectal, gastric cancers) , CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen; CEA, CD66e) (breast, colorectal and lung cancers) , DLL3 or DLL4 (delta-like-3 or delta-like-4) , EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, various cancers) , CTLA4 (melanoma) , CXCR4 (CD184, Heme-oncology, solid tumors) , Endoglin (CD105, solid tumors) , EPCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule, bladder, head, neck, colon, NHL prostate, and ovarian cancers) , ERBB2 (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2; lung, breast, prostate cancers) , FCGR1 (autoimmune diseases) , FOLR (folate receptor, ovarian cancers) , GD2 ganglioside (cancers) , G-28 (acell surface antigen glyvolipid, melanoma) , GD3 idiotype (cancers) , Heat shock proteins (cancers) , HER1 (lung, stomach cancers) , HER2 (breast, lung and ovarian cancers) , HLA-DR10 (NHL) , HLA-DRB (NHL, B cell leukemia) , human chorionic gonadotropin (carcinoma) , IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, solid tumors, blood cancers) , IL-2 receptor (interleukin 2 receptor, T-cell leukemia and lymphomas) , IL-6R (interleukin 6 receptor, multiple myeloma, RA, Castleman’s disease, IL6 dependent tumors) , Integrins (αvβ3, α5β1, α6β4, αllβ3, α5β5, αvβ5, for various cancers) , MAGE-1 (carcinomas) , MAGE-2 (carcinomas) , MAGE-3 (carcinomas) , MAGE 4 (carcinomas) , anti-transferrin receptor (carcinomas) , p97 (melanoma) , MS4A1 (membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1, Non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma, leukemia) , MUC1 or MUC1-KLH (breast, ovarian, cervix, bronchus and gastrointestinal cancer) , MUC16 (CA125) (Ovarian cancers) , CEA (colorectal) , gp100 (melanoma) , MART1 (melanoma) , MPG (melanoma) , MS4A1 (membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A, small cell lung cancers, NHL) , Nucleolin, Neu oncogene product (carcinomas) , P21 (carcinomas) , Paratope of anti- (N-glycolylneuraminic acid, Breast, Melanoma cancers) , PLAP-like testicular alkaline phosphatase (ovarian, testicular cancers) , PSMA (prostate tumors) , PSA (prostate) , ROBO4, TAG 72 (tumour associated glycoprotein 72, AML, gastric, colorectal, ovarian cancers) , T cell transmembrane protein (cancers) , Tie (CD202b) , TNFRSF10B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B, cancers) , TNFRSF13B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B, multiple myeloma, NHL, other cancers, RA and SLE) , TPBG (trophoblast glycoprotein, Renal cell carcinoma) , TRAIL-R1 (Tumor necrosis apoprosis Inducing ligand Receptor 1, lymphoma, NHL, colorectal, lung cancers) , VCAM-1 (CD106, Melanoma) , VEGF, VEGF-A, VEGF-2 (CD309) (various cancers) . Some other tumor associated antigens recognized by antibodies have been reviewed (Gerber, et al, mAbs 1: 3, 247-53 (2009) ; Novellino et al, Cancer Immunol Immunother. 54 (3) , 187-207 (2005) . Franke, et al, Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2000, 15, 459-76) .
[0387] The antibody-like protein, more preferred an IgG antibody that is able to against tumor cells, virus infected cells, microorganism infected cells, parasite infected cells, autoimmune disease cells, activated tumor cells, myeloid cells, activated T-cells, an affecting B cells, or melanocytes. More specifically the antibody is able to against abnormal cells expressing any one of the following antigens or receptors: CD1, CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, CD1e, CD2, CD3, CD3d, CD3e, CD3g, CD4, CD5, CD6, CD7, CD8, CD8a, CD8b, CD9, CD10, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD11d, CD12w, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD16a, CD16b, CDw17, CD18, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD25, CD26, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD30, CD31, CD32, CD32a, CD32b, CD33, CD34, CD35, CD36, CD37, CD38, CD39, CD40, CD41, CD42, CD42a, CD42b, CD42c, CD42d, CD43, CD44, CD45, CD46, CD47, CD48, CD49b, CD49c, CD49c, CD49d, CD49f, CD50, CD51, CD52, CD53, CD54, CD55, CD56, CD57, CD58, CD59, CD60, CD60a, CD60b, CD60c, CD61, CD62E, CD62L, CD62P, CD63, CD64, CD65, CD65s, CD66, CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, CD66d, CD66e, CD66f, CD67, CD68, CD69, CD70, CD71, CD72, CD73, CD74, CD75, CD75s, CD76, CD77, CD78, CD79, CD79a, CD79b, CD80, CD81, CD82, CD83, CD84, CD85, CD85a, CD85b, CD85c, CD85d, CD85e, CD85f, CD85g, CD85g, CD85i, CD85j, CD85k, CD85m, CD86, CD87, CD88, CD89, CD90, CD91, CD92, CD93, CD94, CD95, CD96, CD97, CD98, CD99, CD100, CD101, CD102, CD103, CD104, CD105, CD106, CD107, CD107a, CD107b, CD108, CD109, CD110, CD111, CD112, CD113, CD114, CD115, CD116, CD117, CD118, CD119, CD120, CD120a, CD120b, CD121, CD121a, CD121b, CD122, CD123, CD123a, CD124, CD125, CD126, CD127, CD128, CD129, CD130, CD131, CD132, CD133, CD134, CD135, CD136, CD137, CD138, CD139, CD140, CD140a, CD140b, CD141, CD142, CD143, CD144, CD145, CDw145, CD146, CD147, CD148, CD149, CD150, CD151, CD152, CD153, CD154, CD155, CD156, CD156a, CD156b, CD156c, CD156d, CD157, CD158, CD158a, CD158b1, CD158b2, CD158c, CD158d, CD158e1, CD158e2, CD158f2, CD158g, CD158h, CD158i, CD158j, CD158k, CD159, CD159a, CD159b, CD159c, CD160, CD161, CD162, CD163, CD164, CD165, CD166, CD167, CD167a, CD167b, CD168, CD169, CD170, CD171, CD172, CD172a, CD172b, CD172g, CD173, CD174, CD175, CD175s, CD176, CD177, CD178, CD179, CD179a, CD179b, CD180, CD181, CD182, CD183, CD184, CD185, CD186, CDw186, CD187, CD188, CD189, CD190, CD191, CD192, CD193, CD194, CD195, CD196, CD197, CD198, CD199, CDw198, CDw199, CD200, CD201, CD202, CD202 (a, b) , CD203, CD203c, CD204, CD205, CD206, CD207, CD208, CD209, CD210, CDw210a, CDw210b, CD211, CD212, CD213, CD213a1, CD213a2, CD214, CD215, CD216, CD217, CD218, CD218a, CD218, CD21b9, CD220, CD221, CD222, CD223, CD224, CD225, CD226, CD227, CD228, CD229, CD230, CD231, CD232, CD233, CD234, CD235, CD235a, CD235b, CD236, CD237, CD238, CD239, CD240, CD240ce, CD240d, CD241, CD242, CD243, CD244, CD245, CD246, CD247, CD248, CD249, CD250, CD251, CD252, CD253, CD254, CD255, CD256, CD257, CD258, CD259, CD260, CD261, CD262, CD263, CD264, CD265, CD266, CD267, CD268, CD269, CD270, CD271, CD272, CD273, CD274, CD275, CD276, CD277, CD278, CD279, CD281, CD282, CD283, CD284, CD285, CD286, CD287, CD288, CD289, CD290, CD291, CD292, CD293, CD294, CD295, CD296, CD297, CD298, CD299, CD300, CD300a, CD300b, CD300c, CD301, CD302, CD303, CD304, CD305, CD306, CD307, CD307a, CD307b, CD307c, CD307d, CD307e, CD307f, CD308, CD309, CD310, CD311, CD312, CD313, CD314, CD315, CD316, CD317, CD318, CD319, CD320, CD321, CD322, CD323, CD324, CD325, CD326, CD327, CD328, CD329, CD330, CD331, CD332, CD333, CD334, CD335, CD336, CD337, CD338, CD339, CD340, CD341, CD342, CD343, CD344, CD345, CD346, CD347, CD348, CD349, CD350, CD351, CD352, CD353, CD354, CD355, CD356, CD357, CD358, CD359, CD360, CD361, CD362, CD363, CD364, CD365, CD366, CD367, CD368, CD369, CD370, CD371, CD372, CD373, CD374, CD375, CD376, CD377, CD378, CD379, CD381, CD382, CD383, CD384, CD385, CD386, CD387, CD388, CD389, CRIPTO, CRIPTO, CR, CR1, CRGF, CRIPTO, CXCR5, LY64, TDGF1, 4-1BB, APO2, ASLG659, BMPR1B, 4-1BB, 5AC, 5T4 (Trophoblastic glycoprotein, TPBG, AXL, Wnt-Activated Inhibitory Factor 1 or WAIF1) , Adenocarcinoma antigen, AGS-5, AGS-22M6, Activin receptor-like kinase 1, AFP, AKAP-4, ALK, Alpha integrin, Alpha v beta6, Amino-peptidase N, Amyloid beta, Androgen receptor, Angiopoietin 2, Angiopoietin 3, Annexin A1, Anthrax toxin protective antigen, Anti-transferrin receptor, AOC3 (VAP-1) , B7-H3, Bacillus anthracis anthrax, BAFF (B-cell activating factor) , BCMA, B-lymphoma cell, bcr-abl, Bombesin, BORIS, C5, C242 antigen, CA125 (carbohydrate antigen 125, MUC16) , CA-IX (or CAIX, carbonic anhydrase 9) , CALLA, CanAg, Canis lupus familiaris IL31, Carbonic anhydrase IX, Cardiac myosin, CCL11 (C-C motif chemokine 11) , CCR4 (C-C chemokine receptor type 4) , CCR5, CD3E (epsilon) , CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) , CEACAM3, CEACAM5 (carcino-embryonic antigen) , CFD (Factor D) , Ch4D5, Cholecystokinin 2 (CCK2R) , CLDN18 (Claudin-18) , Clumping factor A, cMet, CRIPTO, FCSF1R (Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor) , CSF2 (colony stimulating factor 2, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ) , CSP4, CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) , CTAA16.88 tumor antigen, CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase, Cyclin B1, CYP1B1, Cytomegalovirus, Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B, Dabigatran, DLL3 (delta-like-ligand 3) , DLL4 (delta-like-ligand 4) , DPP4 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4) , DR5 (Death receptor 5) , E. coli shiga toxin type-1, E. coli shiga toxin type-2, ED-B, EGFL7 (EGF-like domain-containing protein 7) , EGFR, EGFRII, EGFRvIII, Endoglin, Endothelin B receptor, Endotoxin, EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) , EphA2, Episialin, ERBB2 (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) , ERBB3, ERG (TMPRSS2 ETS fusion gene) , Escherichia coli, ETV6-AML, FAP (Fibroblast activation protein alpha) , FCGR1, alpha-Fetoprotein, Fibrin II, beta chain, Fibronectin extra domain-B, FOLR (folate receptor) , Folate receptor alpha, Folate hydrolase, Fos-related antigen 1F protein of respiratory syncytial virus, Frizzled receptor, Fucosyl GM1, GD2 ganglioside, G-28 (a cell surface antigen glyvolipid) , GD3 idiotype, GloboH, Glypican 3, N-glycolylneuraminic acid, GM3, GMCSF receptor α-chain, Growth differentiation factor 8, GP100, GPNMB (Trans-membrane glycoprotein NMB) , GUCY2C (Guanylate cyclase 2C, guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) , intestinal Guanylate cyclase, Guanylate cyclase-C receptor, Heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (hSTAR) ) , Heat shock proteins, Hemagglutinin, Hepatitis B surface antigen, Hepatitis B virus, HER1 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 1) , HER2, HER2 / neu, HER3 (ERBB-3) , IgG4, HGF / SF (Hepatocyte growth factor / scatter factor) , HHGFR, HIV-1, Histone complex, HLA-DR (human leukocyte antigen) , HLA-DR10, HLA-DRB , HMWMAA, Human chorionic gonadotropin, HNGF, Human scatter factor receptor kinase, HPV E6 / E7, Hsp90, hTERT, ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) , Idiotype, IGF1R (IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) , IGHE, IFN-γ, Influenza hemagglutinin, IgE, IgE Fc region, IGHE, interleukins (comprising IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-6R, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, or IL-28) , IL31RA, ILGF2 (Insulin-like growth factor 2) , Integrins (α4, αIIbβ3, αvβ3, α4β7, α5β1, α6β4, α7β7, αllβ3, α5β5, αvβ5) , Interferon gamma-induced protein, ITGA2, ITGB2, KIR2D, Kappa Ig, LCK, Le, Legumain, Lewis-Y antigen, LFA-1 (Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, CD11a) , LHRH, LINGO-1, Lipoteichoic acid, LIV1A, LMP2, LTA, MAD-CT-1, MAD-CT-2, MAGE-1, MAGE-2, MAGE-3, MAGE A1, MAGE A3, MAGE 4, MART1, MCP-1, MIF (Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, or glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) ) , MS4A1 (membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1) , B7H3, B7H4, MSLN (mesothelin) , MUC1 (Mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1) or polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) ) , MUC1-KLH, MUC16 (CA125) , MCP1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1) , MelanA / MART1, ML-IAP, MPG, MS4A1 (membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A) , MYCN, Myelin-associated glycoprotein, Myostatin, NA17, NARP-1, NCA-90 (granulocyte antigen) , Nectin-4 (ASG-22ME) , NGF, Neural apoptosis-regulated proteinase 1, NOGO-A, Notch receptor, Nucleolin, Neu oncogene product, NY-BR-1, NY-ESO-1, OX-40, OxLDL (Oxidized low-density lipoprotein) , OY-TES1, P21, p53 nonmutant, P97, Page4, PAP, Paratope of anti- (N-glycolylneuraminic acid) , PAX3, PAX5, PCSK9, PDCD1 (PD-1, Programmed cell death protein 1) , PDGF-Rα (Alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor) , PDGFR-β, PDL-1, PLAC1, PLAP-like testicular alkaline phosphatase, Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, Phosphate-sodium co-transporter, PMEL 17, Polysialic acid, Proteinase3 (PR1) , Prostatic carcinoma, PS (Phosphatidylserine) , Prostatic carcinoma cells, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PSMA, PSA, PSCA, Rabies virus glycoprotein, RHD (Rh polypeptide 1 (RhPI) ) , Rhesus factor, RANKL, RhoC, Ras mutant, RGS5, ROBO4, Respiratory syncytial virus, RON, ROR1, Sarcoma translocation breakpoints, SART3, Sclerostin, SLAMF7 (SLAM family member 7) , Selectin P, SDC1 (Syndecan 1) , sLe (a) , Somatomedin C, SIP (Sphingosine-1-phosphate) , Somatostatin, Sperm protein 17, SSX2, STEAP1 (six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1) , STEAP2, STn, TAG-72 (tumor associated glycoprotein 72) , Survivin, T-cell receptor, T cell transmembrane protein, TEM1 (Tumor endothelial marker 1) , TENB2, Tenascin C (TN-C) , TGF-α, TGF-β (Transforming growth factor beta) , TGF-β1, TGF-β2 (Transforming growth factor-beta 2) , Tie (CD202b) , Tie2, TIM-1 (CDX-014) , Tn, TNF, TNF-α, TNFRSF8, TNFRSF10B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B) , TNFRSF-13B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B) , TPBG (trophoblast glycoprotein) , TRAIL-R1 (Tumor necrosis apoptosis Inducing ligand Receptor 1) , TRAILR2 (Death receptor 5 (DR5) ) , tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2, tumor specific glycosylation of MUC1, TWEAK receptor, TYRP1 (glycoprotein 75) , TRP-1 (Trop1) , TRP-2 (Trop2) , Tyrosinase, VCAM-1, VEGF, VEGF-A, VEGF-2, VEGFR-1, VEGFR2, or vimentin, WT1, XAGE 1, or cells expressing any insulin growth factor receptors, or any epidermal growth factor receptors.
[0388] Many of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) or tumor cell receptors are known in the art, and can be prepared for use in generating antibodies using methods and information which are well known in the art. In attempts to discover effective cellular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy, researchers have sought to identify transmembrane or otherwise tumor-associated polypeptides or glycoproteins that are specifically expressed on the surface of one or more particular type (s) of cancer cell as compared to on one or more normal non-cancerous cell (s) . Often, such tumor-associated polypeptides are more abundantly expressed on the surface of the cancer cells as compared to on the surface of the non-cancerous cells. The identification of such tumor-associated cell surface antigen polypeptides has given rise to the ability to specifically target cancer cells for destruction via the ADCs of this application. Examples of the TAA and cognate antibodies with their known in art are:
[0389] (1) BMPR1B (Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor-Type IB) ;
[0390] (2) E16 (LAT1, SLC7A5) ;
[0391] (3) STEAP1 (Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate) ,
[0392] (4) 0772P (CA125, MUC16) ;
[0393] (5) MPF (MPF, MSLN, SMR, Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor, Mesothelin) ;
[0394] (6) Napi3b (NAPI-3B, NPTIIb, SLC34A2, Solute Carrier Family 34 (Sodium Phosphate) , Member 2, Type II Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Transporter 3b) ;
[0395] (7) Sema 5b (FLJ10372, KIAA1445, Mm. 42015, SEMA5B, SEMAG, Semaphorin 5b Hlog, 25 Sema Domain, Seven Thrombospondin Repeats (Type 1 and Type 1-Like) , Transmembrane DomainTM and Short Cytoplasmic Domain, (Semaphorin) 5B) ;
[0396] (8) PSCA hlg (2700050C12Rik, C530008016Rik, RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12, RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12 gene) ;
[0397] (9) ETBR (Endothelin Type B Receptor) ;
[0398] (10) MSG783 (RNF124, Hypothetical Protein FLJ20315) ;
[0399] (11) STEAP2 (HGNC_8639, IPCA-1, PCANAP1, STAMP1, STEAP2, STMP, Prostate Cancer Associated Gene 1, Prostate Cancer Associated Protein 1, Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate 2, Six Transmembrane Prostate Protein) ;
[0400] (12) TrpM4 (BR22450, FLJ20041, TRPM4, TRPM4B, Transient Receptor Potential Cation 5 Channel, Subfamily M, Member 4) ;
[0401] (13) CRIPTO (CR, CR1, CRGF, CRIPTO, TDGF1, Teratocarcinoma-Derived Growth Factor) ;
[0402] (14) CD21 (CR2 (Complement Receptor 2) or C3DR (C3d / Epstein Barr Virus Receptor) or Hs. 73792) ;
[0403] (15) CD79b (CD79B, CD793, IGb (Immunoglobulin-Associated Beta) , B29) ;
[0404] (16) FcRH2 (IFGP4, IRTA4, SPAP1A (SH2 Domain Containing Phosphatase Anchor Protein 5 La) , SPAP1B, SPAP1C) ;
[0405] (17) HER2 (ErbB2) ;
[0406] (18) NCA (CEACAM6) ;
[0407] (19) MDP (DPEP1) ;
[0408] (20) IL20R-Alpha (IL20Ra, ZCYTOR7) ;
[0409] (21) Brevican (BCAN, BEHAB) ;
[0410] (22) EphB2R (DRT, ERK, Hek5, EPHT3, Tyro5) ;
[0411] (23) ASLG659 (B7h) ;
[0412] (24) PSCA (Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Precursor) ;
[0413] (25) GEDA;
[0414] (26) BAFF-R (B Cell-Activating Factor Receptor, BLyS Receptor 3, BR3) ;
[0415] (27) CD22 (B-Cell Receptor CD22-B Isoform, BL-CAM, Lyb-8, Lyb8, SIGLEC-2, FLJ22814) ;
[0416] (27A) Cd22 (Cd22 Molecule) ;
[0417] (28) CD79a (CD79A, CD79alpha) , Immunoglobulin-Associated Alpha, a B Cell-Specific Protein that Covalently Interacts with Ig Beta (CD79B) and Forms a Complex on the Surface with Ig M 35 Molecules, Transduces a Signal Involved in B-Cell Differentiation) , Pl: 4.84, MW: 25028 Tm: 2 [P] Gene Chromosome: 19q13.2) ;
[0418] (29) CXCR5 (Burkitt's Lymphoma Receptor 1, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor that is Activated by the CXCL13 Chemokine, Functions in Lymphocyte Migration and Humoral Defense, Plays a 10 Role in HIV-2 Infection and Perhaps Development of AIDS, Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Leukemia) ; 372 Aa, Pl: 8.54 MW: 41959 TM: 7 [P] Gene Chromosome: 11q23.3;
[0419] (30) HLA-DOB (Beta Subunit of MHC Class II Molecule (La Antigen) that Binds Peptides and 20 Presents them to CD4+T Lymphocytes) ; 273 Aa, Pl: 6.56, MW: 30820. TM: 1 [P] Gene Chromosome: 6p21.3) ;
[0420] (31) P2X5 (Purinergic Receptor P2X Ligand-Gated Ion Channel 5, an Ion Channel Gated by Extracellular ATP, May be Involved in Synaptic Transmission and Neurogenesis, Deficiency May Contribute to the Pathophysiology of Idiopathic Detrusor Instability) ; 422 Aa) , Pl: 7.63, MW: 47206 TM: 1 [P] Gene Chromosome: 17p13.3) ;
[0421] (32) CD72 (B-Cell Differentiation Antigen CD72, Lyb-2) ; 359 Aa, Pl: 8.66, MW: 40225, TM: 1 5 [P] Gene Chromosome: 9p13.3) ;
[0422] (33) LY64 (Lymphocyte Antigen 64 (RP105) , Type I Membrane Protein of the Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) Family, Regulates B-Cell Activation and Apoptosis, Loss of Function is Associated with Increased Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosis) ; 661 Aa, pl: 6.20, MW: 74147 TM: 1 [P] Gene Chromosome: 5q12) ;
[0423] (34) FcRH1 (Fc Receptor-Like Protein 1, a Putative Receptor for the Immunoglobulin Fc Domain that Contains C2 Type Ig-Like and ITAM Domains, May have a Role in B-Lymphocyte 20 Differentiation) ; 429 Aa, Pl: 5.28, MW: 46925 TM: 1 [P] Gene Chromosome: 1q21-1q22) ;
[0424] (35) IRTA2 (Immunoglobulin Superfamily Receptor Translocation Associated 2, a Putative Immunoreceptor with Possible Roles in B Cell Development and Lymphomagenesis; Deregulation of the Gene by Translocation Occurs in Some B Cell Malignancies) ; 977 Aa, pl: 6.88, MW: 106468, TM: 1 [P] Gene Chromosome: 1q21) ;
[0425] (36) TENB2 (TMEFF2, Tomoregulin, TPEF, HPP1, TR, Putative Transmembrane 35 Proteoglycan, Related to the EGF / Heregulin Family of Growth Factors and Follistatin) ; 374 Aa) ;
[0426] (37) PSMA-FOLH1 (Folate Hydrolase (Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen) 1) ;
[0427] (38) SST (Somatostatin Receptor; Note that there are 5 Subtypes) ;
[0428] (38.1) SSTR2 (Somatostatin Receptor 2) ;
[0429] (38.2) SSTR5 (Somatostatin Receptor 5) ;
[0430] (38.3) SSTR1; (38.4) SSTR3; (38.5) SSTR4; AvB6-Both Subunits (39+40) ;
[0431] (39) ITGAV (Integrin, Alpha V) ;
[0432] (40) ITGB6 (Integrin, Beta 6) ;
[0433] (41) CEACAM5 (Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 5) ;
[0434] (42) MET (Met Proto-Oncogene; Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor) ;
[0435] (43) MUC1 (Mucin 1, Cell Surface Associated) ;
[0436] (44) CA9 (Carbonic Anhydrase IX) ;
[0437] (45) EGFRvIII (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) , Transcript Variant 3) ;
[0438] (46) CD33 (Cd33 Molecule) ;
[0439] (47) CD19 (Cd19 Molecule) :
[0440] (48) IL2RA (Interleukin 2 Receptor, Alpha) ; NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_000417.2) ;
[0441] (49) AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) ;
[0442] (50) CD30-TNFRSF8 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 8) ;
[0443] (51) BCMA (B-Cell Maturation Antigen) -TNFRSF17 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 17) ;
[0444] (52) CT Ags-CTA (Cancer Testis Antigens) ;
[0445] (53) CD174 (Lewis Y) -FUT3 (Fucosyltransferase 3 (Galactoside 3 (4) -L-Fucosyltransferase, Lewis Blood Group) ;
[0446] (54) CLEC14A (C-Type Lectin Domain Family 14, Member a; Genbank Accession No. NM175060) ;
[0447] (55) GRP78-HSPA5 (Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein 5 (Glucose-Regulated Protein, 78 kDa) ;
[0448] (56) CD70 (Cd70 Molecule) L08096;
[0449] (57) Stem Cell Specific Antigens: For Example: 5T4 (see entry (63) below) ; CD25 (see entry (48) above) ;
[0450] (58) ASG-5;
[0451] (59) ENPP3 (Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase / Phosphodiesterase 3) ;
[0452] (60) PRR4 (Proline Rich 4 (Lacrimal) ) ;
[0453] (61) GCC-GUCY2C (Guanylate Cyclase 2C (Heat Stable Enterotoxin Receptor) ;
[0454] (62) Liv-1-SLC39A6 (Solute Carrier Family 39 (Zinc Transporter) , Member 6) ;
[0455] (63) 5T4, Trophoblast Glycoprotein, TPBG-TPBG (Trophoblast Glycoprotein) ;
[0456] (64) CD56-NCMA 1 (Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 1) ;
[0457] (65) CanAg (Tumor Associated Antigen CA242) ;
[0458] (66) FOLR1 (Folate Receptor 1) ;
[0459] (67) GPNMB (Glycoprotein (Transmembrane) Nmb) ;
[0460] (68) TIM-1-HAVCR1 (Hepatitis a Virus Cellular Receptor 1) ;
[0461] (69) RG-1 / Prostate Tumor Target Mindin-Mindin / RG-1;
[0462] (70) B7-H4-VTCN1 (V-Set Domain Containing T Cell Activation Inhibitor 1;
[0463] (71) PTK7 (PTK7 Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7) ;
[0464] (72) CD37 (Cd37 Molecule) ;
[0465] (73) CD138-SDC1 (Syndecan 1) ;
[0466] (74) CD74 (CD74 Molecule, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II Invariant Chain) ;
[0467] (75) Claudins-CLs (Claudins) ;
[0468] (76) EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) ;
[0469] (77) Her3 (ErbB3) -ERBB3 (v-Erb-b2 Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog 3 (Avian) ) ;
[0470] (78) RON-MST1R (Macrophage Stimulating 1 Receptor (c-Met-Related Tyrosine Kinase) ) ;
[0471] (79) EPHA2 (EPH Receptor A2) ;
[0472] (80) CD20-MS4A1 (Membrane-Spanning 4-Domains, Subfamily a, Member 1) ;
[0473] (81) Tenascin C-TNC (Tenascin C) ;
[0474] (82) FAP (Fibroblast Activation Protein, Alpha) ;
[0475] (83) DKK-1 (Dickkopf 1 Homolog (Xenopus laevis) ;
[0476] (84) CD52 (Cd52 Molecule) ;
[0477] (85) CS1-SLAMF7 (SLAM Family Member 7) ;
[0478] (86) Endoglin-ENG (Endoglin) ;
[0479] (87) PMEL17 (silver homolog; SILV; D12S53E; PMEL17; SI; SIL) ; ME20; gp100) BC001414; BT007202; M32295; M77348; NM_006928;
[0480] (88) TMEFF1 (transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 1; Tomoregulin-1) ; H7365; C9orf2; C90RF2; U19878; X83961; NM_080655; NM_003692;
[0481] (89) GDNF-Ral (GDNF family receptor alpha 1; GFRA1; GDNFR; GDNFRA; RETLi; TRNR1; RET1L; GDNFR-alpha1; GFR-ALPHA-1) ; U95847; BC014962; NM 145793 NM_005264;
[0482] (90) Ly6E (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E; Ly67, RIG-E, SCA-2, TSA-1) ; NP_002337.1; NM_002346.2;
[0483] (91) TMEM46 (shisa homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis) ; SHISA2) ; NP_001007539.1; NM_001007538.1;
[0484] (92) Ly6G6D (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G6D; Ly6-D, MEGT1) ; NP_067079.2; NM_021246.2;
[0485] (93) LGR5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5; GPR49, GPR67) ; NP_003658.1; NM_003667.2;
[0486] (94) RET (ret proto-oncogene; MEN2A; HSCR1; MEN2B; MTC1; PTC; CDHF12; Hs. 168114; RET51; RET-ELE1) ; NP_066124.1; NM_020975.4;
[0487] (95) LY6K (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus K; LY6K; HSJ001348; FLJ35226) ; NP_059997.3; NM_017527.3;
[0488] (96) GPR19 (G protein-coupled receptor 19; Mm. 4787) ; NP_006134.1; NM_006143.2;
[0489] (97) GPR54 (KISS1 receptor; KISS1R; GPR54; HOT7T175; AXOR12) ; NP_115940.2; NM_032551.4;
[0490] (98) ASPHD1 (aspartate beta-hydroxylase domain containing 1; LOC253982) ; NP_859069.2; NM_181718.3;
[0491] (99) Tyrosinase (TYR; OCAIA; OCA1A; tyrosinase; SHEP3) ; NP_000363.1; NM_000372.4;
[0492] (100) TMEM118 (ring finger protein, transmembrane 2; RNFT2; FLJ14627) ; NP_001103373.1; NM_001109903.1;
[0493] (101) GPR172A (G protein-coupled receptor 172A; GPCR41; FLJ11856; D15Ertd747e) ; NP_078807.1; NM_024531.3;
[0494] (102) CLL-1 (CLEC12A, MICL, and DCAL2) , encodes a member of the C-type lectin / C-type lectin-like domain (CTL / CTLD) superfamily;
[0495] (103) Annexin A1-ANXA1 (Annexin A1) ;
[0496] (104) V-CAM (CD106) -VCAM1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1) ;
[0497] (105) B7H3 (CD276 or B7RP-2, a member of the B7 ligand family, has two isoforms: 2Ig-and 4Ig-B7H3 with molecular weights of approximately 45-kDa and 100-kDa, respectively) ;
[0498] (106) CD54 (also Known as BB2; CD54; P3.58) ;
[0499] (107) CA19-9 (Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a cell surface glycoprotein complex most commonly associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ;
[0500] (108) Tissue Factor (coagulation factor III, tissue factor, TF; TFA; CD142) ;
[0501] (109) ROR1 (receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 1, NTRKR1; dJ537F10.1) ;
[0502] (110) Claudin18 (SFTA5; SFTPJ) ;
[0503] (111) FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, BEK; JWS; BBDS; CEK3; CFD1; ECT1; KGFR; TK14; TK25; BFR-1; CD332; K-SAM) ;
[0504] (112) FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3, ACH; CEK2; JTK4; CD333; HSFGFR3EX) ;
[0505] (113) FGFR4 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, TKF; JTK2; CD334) ;
[0506] (114) FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, CEK; FLG; HH2; OGD; ECCL; FLT2; KAL2; BFGFR; CD331; FGFBR; FLT-2; HBGFR; N-SAM; FGFR-1; HRTFDS; bFGF-R-1) ;
[0507] (115) ROR2 (receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2, BDB; BDB1; NTRKR2) ;
[0508] (116) SLC44A4 (SLC44A4 –solute carrier family 44 member 4, CTL4; NG22; TPPT; DFNA72; hTPPT1; C6orf29) ;
[0509] (117) DLL3 (delta like canonical Notch ligand 3, SCDO1) ;
[0510] (118) DLL4 (delta like canonical Notch ligand 4, AOS6; delta4; hdelta2) ;
[0511] (119) ALK (ALK receptor tyrosine kinase, ALK1; CD246; NBLST3) ;
[0512] (120) CLDN6 (claudin 6) ;
[0513] (121) CLDN3 (claudin 3, RVP1; HRVP1; C7orf1; CPE-R2; CPETR2) ;
[0514] (122) EFNA4 (ephrin A4, EFL4; EPLG4; LERK4; LERK-4) ;
[0515] (123) Notch1 (notch receptor 1, hN1; AOS5; TAN1; AOVD1)
[0516] (124) Notch2 (notch receptor 2, hN2; AGS2; HJCYS) ;
[0517] (125) Notch3 (notch receptor 3, IMF2; LMNS; CASIL; CADASIL; CADASIL1) ;
[0518] (126) LAMP-1 (lysosomal associated membrane protein 1, LAMPA; CD107a; LGP120) ;
[0519] Many of the above antigens were described in our previous patent application (PCT / CN2023 / 096066 field on May 24th, 2023) .
[0520] THE APPLICATION
[0521] In another embodiments, the present invention also relates to the compositions comprising the foregoing antibody-drug conjugates of Formula (Ib (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) ) , (Id (Id-1 and Id-2) ) , (Ib ( (Ib-1a) , (Ib-1b) , (Ib-1c) , (Ib-1d) , (Ib-1f) , (Ib-2a) , (Ib-2b) , and (Ib-2c) ) ) , (Ib-1g) , (Ib-1h) , (Ib-1i) , (Ib-2d) , (Ib-2e) , (Ib-2f) , (Id (Id-1) and (Id-2) ) , and (Ig (Ig-1) and (Ig-2) ) , and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and methods of the targeted treatment of various cancers and refractory diseases.
[0522] In the specific embodiment, the antibody-drug conjugates of this invention are used for the targeted treatment of cancers. The targeted cancers include, but are not limited, Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Anal Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Brain Tumor (Adult, Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood, Cerebellar Astrocytoma, Cerebral Astrocytoma, Ependymoma, Medulloblastoma, Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal and Pineal Tumors, Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma) , Breast Cancer, Carcinoid Tumor, Gastrointestinal, Carcinoma of Unknown Primary, Cervical Cancer, Colon Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer, Ewings Family of Tumors (PNET) , Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor, Eye Cancer, Intraocular Melanoma, Gallbladder Cancer, Gastric Cancer (Stomach) , Germ Cell Tumor, Extragonadal, Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor, Head and Neck Cancer, Hypopharyngeal Cancer, Islet Cell Carcinoma, Kidney Cancer (renal cell cancer) , Laryngeal Cancer, Leukemia (Acute Lymphoblastic, Acute Myeloid, Chronic Lymphocytic, Chronic Myelogenous, Hairy Cell) , Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer, Liver Cancer, Lung Cancer (Non-Small Cell, Small Cell, Lymphoma (AIDS-Related, Central Nervous System, Cutaneous T-Cell, Hodgkin’s Disease, Non-Hodgkin’s Disease, Malignant Mesothelioma, Melanoma, Merkel Cell Carcinoma, Metasatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary, Multiple Myeloma, and Other Plasma Cell Neoplasms, Mycosis Fungoides, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Myeloproli-ferative Disorders, Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Neuroblastoma, Oral Cancer, Oropharyngeal Cancer, Osteosarcoma, Ovarian Cancer (Epithelial, Germ Cell Tumor, Low Malignant Potential Tumor) , Pancreatic Cancer (Exocrine, Islet Cell Carcinoma) , Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer, Parathyroid Cancer, Penile Cancer, Pheochromocytoma Cancer, Pituitary Cancer, Plasma Cell Neoplasm, Prostate Cancer Rhabdomyosarcoma, Rectal Cancer, Renal Cell Cancer (kidney cancer) , Renal Pelvis and Ureter (Transitional Cell) , Salivary Gland Cancer, Sezary Syndrome, Skin Cancer, Skin Cancer (Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Kaposi’s Sarcoma, Melanoma) , Small Intestine Cancer, Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Stomach Cancer, Testicular Cancer, Thymoma (Malignant) , Thyroid Cancer, Urethral Cancer, Uterine Cancer (Sarcoma) , Unusual Cancer of Childhood, Vaginal Cancer, Vulvar Cancer, Wilms'Tumor.
[0523] In another specific embodiment, the antibody-drug conjugates of this invention are used in accordance with the compositions and methods for the treatment or prevention of an autoimmune disease. The autoimmune diseases include, but are not limited, Achlorhydra Autoimmune Active Chronic Hepatitis, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, Addison’s Disease, Agammaglobulinemia, Alopecia areata, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Anti-GBM / TBM Nephritis, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Antisynthetase syndrome, Arthritis, Atopic allergy, Atopic Dermatitis, Autoimmune Aplastic Anemia, Autoimmune cardiomyopathy, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Autoimmune hepatitis, Autoimmune inner ear disease, Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, Autoimmune peripheral neuropathy, Autoimmune pancreatitis, Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome Types I, II, &III, Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis, Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, Autoimmune uveitis, Balo disease / Balo concentric sclerosis, Bechets Syndrome, Berger’s disease, Bickerstaff’s encephalitis, Blau syndrome, Bullous Pemphigoid, Castleman’s disease, Chagas disease, Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Chronic recurrent multifocal ostomyelitis, Chronic lyme disease, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Cicatricial Pemphigoid, Coeliac Disease, Cogan syndrome, Cold agglutinin disease, Complement component 2 deficiency, Cranial arteritis, CREST syndrome, Crohns Disease (a type of idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases) , Cushing’s Syndrome, Cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis, Dego’s disease, Dercum’s disease, Dermatitis herpetiformis, Dermatomyositis, Diabetes mellitus type 1, Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, Dressler’s syndrome, Discoid lupus erythematosus, Eczema, Endometriosis, Enthesitis-related arthritis, Eosinophilic fasciitis, Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, Erythema nodosum, Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, Evan’s syndrome, Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, Fibromyalgia, Fibromyositis, Fibrosing aveolitis, Gastritis, Gastrointestinal pemphigoid, Giant cell arteritis, Glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, Graves'disease, Guillain-Barrésyndrome, Hashimoto’s encephalitis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Haemolytic anaemia, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Herpes gestationis, Hidradenitis suppurativa, Hughes syndrome (See Antiphospholipid syndrome) , Hypogamma-globulinemia, Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (See Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura) , IgA nephropathy (Also Berger’s disease) , Inclusion body myositis, Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuopathy, Interstitial cystitis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome , Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Kawasaki’s Disease, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, Lichen planus, Lichen sclerosus, Linear IgA disease (LAD) , Lou Gehrig’s Disease (Also Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) , Lupoid hepatitis, Lupus erythematosus, Majeed syndrome, Ménière’s disease, Microscopic polyangiitis, Miller-Fisher syndrome, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Morphea, Mucha-Habermann disease, Muckle–Wells syndrome, Multiple Myeloma, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Myositis, Narcolepsy, Neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s Disease) , Neuromyotonia, Occular cicatricial pemphigoid, Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, Ord thyroiditis, Palindromic rheumatism, PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus) , Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, Parry Romberg syndrome, Parsonnage-Turner syndrome, Pars planitis, Pemphigus, Pemphigus vulgaris, Pernicious anaemia, Perivenous encephalomyelitis, POEMS syndrome, Polyarteritis nodosa, Polymyalgia rheumatica, Polymyositis, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Progressive inflammatory neuropathy, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, Pure red cell aplasia, Rasmussen’s encephalitis, Raynaud phenomenon, Relapsing polychondritis, Reiter’s syndrome, Restless leg syndrome, Retroperitoneal fibrosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatoid fever, Sarcoidosis, Schizophrenia, Schmidt syndrome, Schnitzler syndrome, Scleritis, Scleroderma, syndrome, Spondyloarthropathy, Sticky blood syndrome, Still’s Disease, Stiff person syndrome, Subacute bacterial endocarditis, Susac’s syndrome, Sweet syndrome, Sydenham Chorea, Sympathetic ophthalmia, Takayasu’s arteritis, Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis) , Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, Transverse Myelitis, Ulcerative Colitis (atype of idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases) , Undifferentiated connective tissue disease, Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, Vasculitis, Vitiligo, Wegener’s granulomatosis, Wilson’s syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
[0524] In another specific embodiment, the antibody-drug conjugates of this invention for the treatment or prevention of an autoimmune disease can be, but are not limited to, anti-elastin antibody; Abys against epithelial cells antibody; Anti-Basement Membrane Collagen Type IV Protein antibody; Anti-Nuclear Antibody; Anti ds DNA; Anti ss DNA, Anti Cardiolipin Antibody IgM, IgG; anti-celiac antibody; Anti Phospholipid Antibody IgK, IgG; Anti SM Antibody; Anti Mitochondrial Antibody; Thyroid Antibody; Microsomal Antibody, T-cells antibody; Thyroglobulin Antibody, Anti SCL-70; Anti-Jo; Anti-U. sub. 1RNP; Anti-La / SSB; Anti SSA; Anti SSB; Anti Perital Cells Antibody; Anti Histones; Anti RNP; C-ANCA; P-ANCA; Anti centromere; Anti-Fibrillarin, and Anti GBM Antibody, Anti-ganglioside antibody; Anti-Desmogein 3 antibody; Anti-p62 antibody; Anti-sp100 antibody; Anti-Mitochondrial (M2) antibody; Rheumatoid factor antibody; Anti-MCV antibody; Anti-topoisomerase antibody; Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic (cANCA) antibody.
[0525] In certain preferred embodiments, the binding molecule for the conjugate in the present invention, can bind to both a receptor and a receptor complex expressed on an activated lymphocyte which is associated with an autoimmune disease. The receptor or receptor complex can comprise an immunoglobulin gene superfamily member (e.g. CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD28, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD56, CD70, CD79, CD79b, CD90, CD125, CD137, CD138, CD147, CD152 / CTLA-4, PD-1, or ICOS) , a TNF receptor superfamily member (e.g. CD27, CD40, CD95 / Fas, CD134 / OX40, CD137 / 4-1BB, INF-R1, TNFR-2, RANK, TACI, BCMA, osteoprotegerin, Apo2 / TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, TRAIL-R3, TRAIL-R4, and APO-3) , an integrin, a cytokine receptor, a chemokine receptor, a major histocompatibility protein, a lectin (C-type, S-type, or I-type) , or a complement control protein.
[0526] In another specific embodiment, useful cell binding ligands that are immunospecific for a viral or a microbial antigen are humanized or human monoclonal antibodies. As used herein, the term “viral antigen” includes, but is not limited to, any viral peptide, polypeptide protein (e.g. HIV gp120, HIV nef, RSV F glycoprotein, influenza virus neuramimi-dase, influenza virus hemagglutinin, HTLV tax, herpes simplex virus glycoprotein (e.g. gB, gC, gD, and gE) and hepatitis B surface antigen) that is capable of eliciting an immune response. As used herein, the term “microbial antigen” includes, but is not limited to, any microbial peptide, polypeptide, protein, saccharide, polysaccharide, or lipid molecule (e.g., bacteria, fungi, pathogenic protozoa, or yeast polypeptides including, e.g., LPS and capsular polysaccharide 5 / 8) that is capable of eliciting an immune response. Examples of antibodies available l for the viral or microbial infection include, but are not limited to, Palivizumab which is a humanized anti-respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody for the treatment of RSV infection; PRO542 which is a CD4 fusion antibody for the treatment of HIV infection; Ostavir which is a human antibody for the treatment of hepatitis B virus; PROTVIR which is a humanized IgG. sub. 1 antibody for the treatment of cytomegalovirus; and anti-LPS antibodies.
[0527] The antibody-drug conjugates of this invention can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases. These infectious diseases include, but are not limited to, Acinetobacter infections, Actinomycosis, African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) , AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) , Amebiasis, Anaplasmosis, Anthrax, Arcano-bacterium haemolyticum infection, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, Ascariasis, Aspergillosis, Astrovirus infection, Babesiosis, Bacillus cereus infection, Bacterial pneumonia, Bacterial vaginosis, Bacteroides infection, Balantidiasis, Baylisascaris infection, BK virus infection, Black piedra, Blastocystis hominis infection, Blastomycosis, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Borrelia infection, Botulism (and Infant botulism) , Brazilian hemorrhagic fever, Brucellosis, Burkholderia infection, Buruli ulcer, Calicivirus infection (Norovirus and Sapovirus) , Campylobacteriosis, Candidiasis (Moniliasis; Thrush) , Cat-scratch disease, Cellulitis, Chagas Disease (American trypanosomiasis) , Chancroid, Chickenpox, Chlamydia, Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection, Cholera, Chromoblastomycosis, Clonorchiasis, Clostridium difficile infection, Coccidioido-mycosis, Colorado tick fever, Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza) , Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Cryptococcosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Cutaneous larva migrans, Cyclosporiasis, Cysticercosis, Cytomegalovirus infection, Dengue fever, Dientamoebiasis, Diphtheria, Diphyllobothriasis, Dracunculiasis, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Echinococcosis, Ehrlichiosis, Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection) , Enterococcus infection, Enterovirus infection, Epidemic typhus, Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease) , Exanthem subitum, Fasciolopsiasis, Fasciolosis, Fatal familial insomnia, Filariasis, Food poisoning by Clostridium perfringens, Free-living amebic infection, Fusobacterium infection, Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis) , Geotrichosis, Gerstmann- -Scheinker syndrome, Giardiasis, Glanders, Gnathosto-miasis, Gonorrhea, Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis) , Group A streptococcal infection, Group B streptococcal infection, Haemophilus influenzae infection, Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E, Herpes simplex, Histoplasmosis, Hookworm infection, Human bocavirus infection, Human ewingii ehrlichiosis, Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Human metapneumovirus infection, Human monocytic ehrlichiosis, Human papillomavirus infection, Human parainfluenza virus infection, Hymenolepiasis, Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) , Influenza, Isosporiasis, Kawasaki disease, Keratitis, Kingella kingae infection, Kuru, Lassa fever, Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ disease) , Legionellosis (Pontiac fever) , Leishmaniasis, Leprosy, Leptospirosis, Listeriosis, Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) , Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis) , Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Malaria, Marburg hemorrhagic fever, Measles, Melioidosis (Whitmore’s disease) , Meningitis, Meningococcal disease, Metagonimiasis, Microsporidiosis, Molluscum contagiosum, Mumps, Murine typhus (Endemic typhus) , Mycoplasma pneumonia, Mycetoma, Myiasis, Neonatal conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia neonatorum) , (New) Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD, nvCJD) , Nocardiosis, Onchocerciasis (River blindness) , Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) , Paragonimiasis, Pasteurellosis, Pediculosis capitis (Head lice) , Pediculosis corporis (Body lice) , Pediculosis pubis (Pubic lice, Crab lice) , Pelvic inflammatory disease, Pertussis (Whooping cough) , Plague, Pneumococcal infection, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Pneumonia, Poliomyelitis, Prevotella infection, Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Psittacosis, Q fever, Rabies, Rat-bite fever, Respiratory syncytial virus infection, Rhinosporidiosis, Rhinovirus infection, Rickettsial infection, Rickettsial-pox, Rift Valley fever, Rocky mountain spotted fever, Rotavirus infection, Rubella, Salmonellosis, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) , Scabies, Schistosomiasis, Sepsis, Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery) , Shingles (Herpes zoster) , Smallpox (Variola) , Sporotrichosis, Staphylococcal food poisoning, Staphylococcal infection, Strongyloidiasis, Syphilis, Taeniasis, Tetanus (Lockjaw) , Tinea barbae (Barber’s itch) , Tinea capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp) , Tinea corporis (Ringworm of the Body) , Tinea cruris (Jock itch) , Tinea manuum (Ringworm of the Hand) , Tinea nigra, Tinea pedis (Athlete’s foot) , Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis) , Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor) , Toxocariasis (Ocular Larva Migrans) , Toxocariasis (Visceral Larva Migrans) , Toxoplasmosis, Trichinellosis, Trichomoniasis, Trichuriasis (Whipworm infection) , Tuberculosis, Tularemia, Ureaplasma urealyticum infection, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, Viral pneumonia, West Nile Fever, White piedra (Tinea blanca) , Yersinia pseudotuber-culosis infection, Yersiniosis, Yellow fever, Zygomycosis.
[0528] The cell binding molecule, which is more preferred to be an antibody described in this patent that are against pathogenic strains include, but are not limit, Acinetobacter baumannii, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicus, Trypanosoma brucei, HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) , Entamoeba histolytica, Anaplasma genus, Bacillus anthracis, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Junin virus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Aspergillus genus, Astroviridae family, Babesia genus, Bacillus cereus, multiple bacteria, Bacteroides genus, Balantidium coli, Baylisascaris genus, BK virus, Piedraia hortae, Blastocystis hominis, Blastomyces dermatitides, Machupo virus, Borrelia genus, Clostridium botulinum, Sabia, Brucella genus, usually Burkholderia cepacia and other Burkholderia species, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Caliciviridae family, Campylobacter genus, usually Candida albicans and other Candida species, Bartonella henselae, Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, Trypanosoma cruzi, Haemophilus ducreyi, Varicella zoster virus (VZV) , Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Clonorchis sinensis, Clostridium difficile, Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, Colorado tick fever virus, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, CJD prion, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptosporidium genus, Ancylostoma braziliense; multiple parasites, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Taenia solium, Cytomegalovirus, Dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) –Flaviviruses, Dientamoeba fragilis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Diphyllobothrium, Dracunculus medinensis, Ebolavirus, Echinococcus genus, Ehrlichia genus, Enterobius vermicularis, Enterococcus genus, Enterovirus genus, Rickettsia prowazekii, Parvovirus B19, Human herpesvirus 6 and Human herpesvirus 7, Fasciolopsis buski, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, FFI prion, Filarioidea superfamily, Clostridium perfringens, Fusobacterium genus, Clostridium perfringens; other Clostridium species, Geotrichum candidum, GSS prion, Giardia intestinalis, Burkholderia mallei, Gnathostoma spinigerum and Gnathostoma hispidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Klebsiella granulomatis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Haemophilus influenzae, Enteroviruses, mainly Coxsackie A virus and Enterovirus 71, Sin Nombre virus, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Bunyaviridae family, Hepatitis A Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis D Virus, Hepatitis E Virus, Herpes simplex virus 1, Herpes simplex virus 2, Histoplasma capsulatum, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, Hemophilus influenzae, Human bocavirus, Ehrlichia ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Human metapneumovirus, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Human papillomavirus, Human parainfluenza viruses, Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta, Epstein-Barr Virus, Orthomy-xoviridae family, Isospora belli, Kingella kingae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenas, Klebsiella rhinoscleromotis, Kuru prion, Lassa virus, Legionella pneumophila, Legionella pneumophila, Leishmania genus, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis, Leptospira genus, Listeria monocytogenes, Borrelia burgdorferi and other Borrelia species, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) , Plasmodium genus, Marburg virus, Measles virus, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Neisseria meningitides, Metagonimus yokagawai, Microsporidia phylum, Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) , Mumps virus, Rickettsia typhi, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, numerous species of bacteria (Actinomycetoma) and fungi (Eumycetoma) , parasitic dipterous fly larvae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, vCJD prion, Nocardia asteroides and other Nocardia species, Onchocerca volvulus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Paragonimus westermani and other Paragonimus species, Pasteurella genus, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Phthirus pubis, Bordetella pertussis, Yersinia pestis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Poliovirus, Prevotella genus, Naegleria fowleri, JC virus, Chlamydophila psittaci, Coxiella burnetii, Rabies virus, Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Rhinosporidium seeberi, Rhinovirus, Rickettsia genus, Rickettsia akari, Rift Valley fever virus, Rickettsia rickettsii, Rotavirus, Rubella virus, Salmonella genus, SARS coronavirus, Sarcoptes scabiei, Schistosoma genus, Shigella genus, Varicella zoster virus, Variola major or Variola minor, Sporothrix schenckii, Staphylococcus genus, Staphylococcus genus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Strongyloides stercoralis, Treponema pallidum, Taenia genus, Clostridium tetani, Trichophyton genus, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton genus, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Hortaea werneckii, Trichophyton genus, Malassezia genus, Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spiralis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichuris trichiura, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Francisella tularensis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Vibrio colerae, Guanarito virus, West Nile virus, Trichosporon beigelii, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yellow fever virus, Mucorales order (Mucormycosis) and Entomophthorales order (Entomophthora-mycosis) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Yersinia pestis, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhimurium, Treponema pertenue, Treponema carateneum, Borrelia vincentii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae, Pneumocystis carinii, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, Brucella melitensis, Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsia prowazeki, Rickettsia tsutsugumushi, Clamydia spp.; pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum) ; protozoa (Entomoeba histolytica, Trichomonas tenas, Trichomonas hominis, Tryoanosoma gambiense, Trypanosoma rhodesiense, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania braziliensis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malaria) ; or Helminiths (Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and hookworms) .
[0529] Other antibodies as cell binding ligands used in this invention for treatment of viral disease include, but are not limited to, antibodies against antigens of pathogenic viruses, including as examples and not by limitation: Poxyiridae, Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Papovaviridae, Enteroviridae, Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, Reoviridae, Retroviridae, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, mumps, measles, respiratory syncytial virus, rubella, Arboviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Arenaviridae, Non-A / Non-B Hepatitis virus, Rhinoviridae, Coronaviridae, Rotoviridae, Oncovirus [such as, HBV (Hepatocellular carcinoma) , HPV (Cervical cancer, Anal cancer) , Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (Kaposi’s sarcoma) , Epstein-Barr virus (Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, Primary central nervous system lymphoma) , MCPyV (Merkel cell cancer) , SV40 (Simian virus 40) , HCV (Hepatocellular carcinoma) , HTLV-I (Adult T-cell leukemia / lymphoma) ] , Immune disorders caused virus: [such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS) ] ; Central nervous system virus: [such as, JCV (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) , MeV (Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis) , LCV (Lymphocytic choriomeningitis) , Arbovirus encephalitis, Orthomyxoviridae (probable) (Encephalitis lethargica) , RV (Rabies) , Chandipura virus, Herpesviral meningitis, Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II; Poliovirus (Poliomyelitis, Post-polio syndrome) , HTLV-I (Tropical spastic paraparesis) ] ; Cytomegalovirus (Cytomegalovirus retinitis, HSV (Herpetic keratitis) ) ; Cardiovascular virus [such as CBV (Pericarditis, Myocarditis) ] ; Respiratory system / acute viral nasopharyngitis / viral pneumonia: [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV infection / Infectious mononucleosis) , Cytomegalovirus; SARS coronavirus (Severe acute respiratory syndrome) Orthomyxoviridae: Influenzavirus A / B / C (Influenza / Avian influenza) , Paramyxovirus: Human parainfluenza viruses (Parainfluenza) , RSV (Human respiratory syncytialvirus) , hMPV] ; Digestive system virus [MuV (Mumps) , Cytomegalovirus (Cytomegalovirus esophagitis) ; Adenovirus (Adenovirus infection) ; Rotavirus, Norovirus, Astrovirus, Coronavirus; HBV (Hepatitis B virus) , CBV, HAV (Hepatitis A virus) , HCV (Hepatitis C virus) , HDV (Hepatitis D virus) , HEV (Hepatitis E virus) , HGV (Hepatitis G virus) ] ; Urogenital virus [such as, BK virus, MuV (Mumps) ] .
[0530] According to a further object, the present invention also concerns pharmaceutical compositions comprising the conjugate of the invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient for treatment of cancers, infections, or autoimmune disorders. The method for treatment of cancers, infections and autoimmune disorders can be practiced in vitro, in vivo, or ex vivo. Examples of in vitro uses include treatments of cell cultures in order to kill all cells except for desired variants that do not express the target antigen; or to kill variants that express undesired antigen. Examples of ex vivo uses include treatments of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) prior to the performance of the transplantation (HSCT) into the same patient in order to kill diseased or malignant cells. For instance, clinical ex vivo treatment to remove tumour cells or lymphoid cells from bone marrow prior to autologous transplantation in cancer treatment or in treatment of autoimmune disease, or to remove T cells and other lymphoid cells from allogeneic bone marrow or tissue prior to transplant in order to prevent graft-versus-host disease, can be carried out as follows. Bone marrow is harvested from the patient or other individual and then incubated in medium containing serum to which is added the conjugate of the invention, concentrations range from about 1 pM to 0.1 mM, for about 30 minutes to about 48 hours at about 37 ℃. The exact conditions of concentration and time of incubation (=dose) are readily determined by the skilled clinicians. After incubation, the bone marrow cells are washed with medium containing serum and returned to the patient by i.v. infusion according to known methods. In circumstances where the patient receives other treatment such as a course of ablative chemotherapy or total-body irradiation between the time of harvest of the marrow and reinfusion of the treated cells, the treated marrow cells are stored frozen in liquid nitrogen using standard medical equipment.
[0531] In further preferred embodiments, the present invention also provides an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising a monoclonal antibody, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, conjugated with a cytotoxin, via a linker containing a glutamate urea small molecule, such as 2- [3- (1, 3-dicarboxypropyl) ureido] -pentanedioic acid (DUPA) , urea-based glutamate heterodimers, 2- (phosphonomethyl) -pentanedioic acid (PMPA) , phosphoramidates, glu-urea-lys, or 2- (phosphinylmethyl) pentanedioic acids analog group to direct against prostate antigen (PSA) of a tumor cell, and / or an affinity ligand for bombesin receptors (Gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) , neurotensin receptors (including Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) and neuropeptide-Y receptors) , and / or a cell-penetrating peptide, and / or an affinity peptide that can bind with a protein called programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1, or CD274) which is expressed on tumour cells and tumour-infiltrating immune cells, blocking its interactions with both PD-1 and B7.1 receptors. The affinity to the receptors is at least EC50 < 10 μM, preferably EC50 < 100 nM, and more preferably EC50 < 50 nM. In a further embodiment the antigen binding proteins are conjugated to a cytotoxin, such as, but not limited, a tubulysin analog, a camptothecin (CPT) analog, a PBD dimer, an anthracycline, or an auristatin analog.
[0532] In some embodiments, the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) used in this invention can be selected from CPP database (http: / / crdd. osdd. net / raghava / cppsite) or from known publications with less than 100 amino acids of sequences or from amendment of known peptide sequences with replacement of one or several amino acids, and then is subjected to redundancy check. The preferred CPP is a linear or cyclo-peptide having less than 50 amino acids, preferably less than 20 natural or unnatural amino acids, more preferably less than 15 amino acids and containing one, two, or several arginines and / or lysines. The CPP is more preferably a cyclopeptide, in particular CPP is a cyclopeptide having less than 8 amino acids. The selected peptides are normally further analyzed to filter out the ambiguous peptides with undesirable chemical modifications. The amphipathicity prediction can be through the online server AMPHIPASEEK (https: / / npsa-prabi. ibcp. fr / cgibin / npsa_automat. pl? page= / NPSA / npsa_amphipaseek. html) . AMPHIPASEEK provides a score for every residue between a range of 0 and 5 for the given peptide sequences. Higher scores imply high amphipathic nature and vice versa (0= low and 5= high) . Hydropathy values were (K-Me3) calculated using the online server (https: / / www. peptide2. com / N_peptide_hydrophobicity_hydrophilicity. php) . The CPPs are normally required to pass through the criteria of peptide solubility and the cell-penetrating property using Innovagen peptide solubility calculator (https: / / pepcalc. com / ) and CPPpred (http: / / bioware. ucd. ie / ~compass / biowareweb / Server_pages / cpppred. php) , respectively. The CPP score is given within the range of 0–1, wherein the peptides with the score of >0.5 are suggestive of better cell penetration. The efficiency of CPP penetration of a cell can be measured in several different methods (Lee, H-M, et al, Nature Communications Biology 2021, 4: 205; Penedo, M. et al, Scientific Reports, 2021, 11: 7756 and the references they incorporated) . In general, the preferable CPP should enable to internalize (trafficking) over 40%of the ligand bound on a cell or help to internalize 40%of ADCs bound on a cell to cross the cell membrane in 2 hours.
[0533] In some embodiments, the present invention provides antigen binding antibody-drug conjugates which bind to membrane bound targets and wherein the antigen binding ADC is capable of internalization. In a further embodiment there is provided an immunoconjugate comprising the antigen binding protein of the present invention and a cytotoxic agent. In a further embodiment the antigen binding protein has ADCC effector function for example the antigen binding protein has enhanced ADCC effector function. In one such embodiment there is provided antigen binding antibodies / proteins or fragments of the antibodies used for ADCs against various cancers thereof.
[0534] In one aspect of the invention, the provided an antibody / protein used for the antibody-drug conjugate of this invention is preferably selected from an antibody having affinity to an antigen of highly expressed on a tumor cell The information including the sequences of the provided antibody can be found in the known public domains, such as in the databases of patents in WIPO, USPTO, Espacenet, CNIPA, JPO, etc.
[0535] The antigen binding antibodies / proteins of the present invention may comprise heavy chain variable regions and light chain variable regions of the invention which may be formatted into the structure of a natural antibody or functional fragment or equivalent thereof. An antigen binding protein of the invention may therefore comprise the VH regions of the invention formatted into a full-length antibody, a (Fab') 2 fragment, a Fab fragment, or equivalent thereof (such as scFV, bi-tri-or tetra-bodies, Tandabs etc. ) , when paired with an appropriate light chain. The antibody may be an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4; or IgM; IgA, IgE or IgD or a modified variant thereof. The constant domain of the antibody heavy chain may be selected accordingly. The light chain constant domain may be a kappa or lambda constant domain. Furthermore, the antigen binding protein may comprise modifications of all classes e.g. IgG dimers, Fc mutants that no longer bind Fc receptors or mediate C1q binding. The antigen binding protein may also be a chimeric antibody of the type described in WO86 / 001533 which comprises an antigen binding region and a non-immunoglobulin region.
[0536] The constant region is selected according to any functionality required e.g. an IgG1 may demonstrate lytic ability through binding to complement and / or will mediate ADCC (antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity) .
[0537] In one aspect the antigen binding protein is an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprising one or more CDR's according to the invention described herein, or one or both heavy or light chain variable domains according to the invention described herein. The antigen binding protein is selected from the group consisting of a dAb, Fab, Fab', F (ab') 2, Fv, diabody, triabody, tetrabody, miniantibody, and a minibody.
[0538] In one aspect of the present invention the antigen binding protein is a humanized or chimeric antibody, in a further aspect the antibody is humanized. In one aspect the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
[0539] In another aspect the antigen binding protein binds to human antigens with high affinity for example when measured by Biacore or ForteBio, the antigen binding protein binds to human antigens with an affinity of 20 nM or less or an affinity of 15 nM or less or an affinity of 5 nM or less or an affinity of 1000 pM or less or an affinity of 500 pM or less or an affinity of 400 pM or less, or 300 pM or less or for example about 120 pM. In a further embodiment the antigen binding protein binds to human antigens when measured by Biacore of between about 100 pM and about 500 pM or between about 100 pM and about 400 pM, or between about 100 pM and about 300 pM. In one embodiment of the present invention the antigen binding protein binds antigens with an affinity of less than 150 pM.
[0540] In one such embodiment, this is measured by Biacore or ForteBio.
[0541] In another aspect the antigen binding protein / antibody binds to human antigens in a cell neutralization assay wherein the antigen binding protein has an IC50 of between about 1 nM and about 500 nM, or between about 1 nM and about 100 nM, or between about 1 nM and about 50 nM, or between about 1 nM and about 25 nM, or between about 5 nM and about 15 nM. In a further embodiment of the present invention the antigen binding protein binds antigens and neutralizes antigens in a cell neutralization assay wherein the antigen binding protein has an IC50 of about 10 nM.
[0542] The antigen binding proteins, for example antibodies of the present invention may be produced by transfection of a host cell with an expression vector comprising the coding sequence for the antigen binding protein of the invention. An expression vector or recombinant plasmid is produced by placing these coding sequences for the antigen binding protein in operative association with conventional regulatory control sequences capable of controlling the replication and expression in, and / or secretion from, a host cell. Regulatory sequences include promoter sequences, e.g., CMV promoter, and signal sequences which can be derived from other known antibodies. Similarly, a second expression vector can be produced having a DNA sequence which encodes a complementary antigen binding protein light or heavy chain. In certain embodiments this second expression vector is identical to the firs...
Claims
1.The preparation of an antibody–drug conjugate of Formula (Ib) , (Id) and (Ig) containing one or two open-ring groups of thiosuccinimides via hydrolysis of the one or two five-member rings of thiosuccinimide conjugates of Formula (Ia) , (Ic) and (Ii) , at mild condition respectively, as illustrated in the following hydrolysis reaction equations (I) , (II) , and (III) : Wherein the hydrolysis reactions are conducted at mild conditions of pH 5.5 ~ 8.0 contain-ing a Lewis base, at temperature of 20 ~40 ℃, for 15 min ~ 144 hours.Whereinis single bond, double bond or absent, thebond in the middle means that it links either one of the neighbor groups;Wherein Drug1 and Drug2 are independently a cytotoxic agent or cytotoxic drug; mAb is an antibody, an antibody like protein or a cell-binding protein; n, n’, n”, n1’, n2’, n3’ and n4’ are inde-pendently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, and these numbers may have a decimal; n2 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; n3 is 0, 1, or 2, and when n3 is 0, it means that the con-tents in curly brackets are absent;Wherein n = n’ + n”; n + n’ = n1’ + n2’ + n3’ + n4’;Wherein Y1 and Y2, are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, CH, CH2, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , N (R3) N (R3’) , C (=O) , C (=O) N, C (=O) NH, OC (=O) NH, NHC (=O) O, C (=O) N-N, S (O) 2, S (O) , S (O2) NH, NH (SO2) NH, or an natural or unnatural amino acid;Wherein X1 and X2, are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, CH, CH2, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , and N (R3) N (R3’) ; whenis single bond, X1 and X2, are independently selected from, N, CH, N-NH, and N-N; whenis double bond, X1 and X2, are CH; whenis absent, X1 and X2, are O, S, CH2, NH, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , and N (R3) N (R3’) ; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H or C1-C8 of alkyl;Wherein X’ is NH, O, ONH, or NHNH;Wherein L1 and L2, are a linker, which are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , N (R3) N (R3’) , C (=O) N, C (=O) NH, C (=O) N-N, C1-C8 of alkyl (alkylene) ; C2-C8 of het-eroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cyclo-alkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl; or 2-8 carbon atoms of esters, ether, amide, aminoalkylcarboxyl or oxylalkylcarboxyl; or 1~8 natural or unnatural amino acids described in the definition; or polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (OCH2CH2) pOR3, or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) pOR3, or NH (CH2CH2O) pR3, or NH (CH2CH (CH3) O) pR3, or N [ (CH2CH2O) pR3] [ (CH2CH2O) p’R3’] , or (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, or CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, wherein p and p’ are independently an inte-ger selected from 0 to about 100, or combination thereof; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H, C (=O) H, C (=O) CH3, C1-C8 of alkyl; or combination above thereof;Werein Rj is H, C1-C8 of alkyl (alkylene) ; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocyclo-alky, alkylcarboxylate, alkylester, aminoalkyl, alkylamide or amidoalkyl, alkylalcohol, alkylether; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (CH2CH2O) pR3, (CH2CH (CH3) ) pOR3, or NH (CH2CH2O) pR3, or NH (CH2CH (CH3) O) pR3, or N [ (CH2CH2O) pR3] [ (CH2CH2O) p’R3’] , or (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, or CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, wherein p and p’ are independently an inte-ger selected from 0 to about 100, or combination thereof; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H, C (=O) H, C (=O) CH3, OH, NH2, C1-C8 of alkyl; or combination above thereof; Preferably Rj is H, C1-C8 of alkyl, CH2OH, CH2CH2COOH, CH2COOH, CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2, CH2CH2CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, CH2CH2CH2CH2N (CH2CH2CH3) 2, CH2C6H5, CH2C6H4OH, CH2C3H3N2, CH (OH) CH3, CH2CONH2, CH2CH2CONH2, CH2CH2SCH3, CH2CH2CH2NHC (=NH2) NH2;Werein Rk is H, C1-C8 of alkyl (alkylene) ; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocyclo-alky, alkylcarboxylate, alkylester, aminoalkyl, alkylamide or amidoalkyl, alkylalcohol, alkylether; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (CH2CH2O) pR3, (CH2CH (CH3) ) pOR3, or NH (CH2CH2O) pR3, or NH (CH2CH (CH3) O) pR3, or N [ (CH2CH2O) pR3] [ (CH2CH2O) p’R3’] , or (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, or CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) pCOOR3, wherein p and p’ are independently an inte-ger selected from 0 to about 100, or combination thereof; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H, C (=O) H, C (=O) CH3, OH, NH2, C1-C8 of alkyl; or combination above thereof;Wherein X1 and X2, are independently selected from O, NH, S, N, CH, CH2, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , and N (R3) N (R3’) ; whenis single bond, X1 and X2, are independently selected from, N, CH, N-NH, and N-N; whenis double bond, X1 and X2, are CH; whenis absent, X1 and X2, are CH2, NH, NH-NH, N-N, N (R3) , and N (R3) N (R3’) ; wherein R3 and R3’ are independently H or C1-C8 of alkyl.Wherein the Lewis base is a compound containing amino, oxylamino, polyamino, or hydra-zineyl group, which in general is selected from C1-C8 of alkylhydrazine, hydrazineylalkyl-γ-ol, γ- (aminooxy) alkyl-1-ol, γ- (aminooxy) alkyl-1-amine, hydrazineylalkyl-γ-amine, O, O'- (alkyl-1, γ-diyl) bis (hydroxylamine) , alkyl amine or heteroalkyl amine; C2-C8 of alkylcycloalkyl amine, hetero-cycloalkyl amine; C3-C8 of aryl amine, Ar-alkyl amine, heterocyclic amine, carbocyclic amine, cy-cloalkyl amine, heteroalkylcycloalkyl amine, alkylcarbonyl amine, heteroaryl amine; Cl-, hydroxyla-mine, hydrazine, hydrazineyl-polyetheleneglycol ( (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pH, (NH2O (CH2CH2O) pCH3, ( (NH2O (CH2CH2O) pH, or (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pCH3, p = 1~100) , or a natural or unnatural amino acid, such as lysine a described in the definition, counted by anions of Cl-, F-, PO3-4, CH3COO-, (C (O) O-) 2, (CH2COO-) 2, or HOC (COO-) (CH2COO-) 2, at the neutral (pH 6.5 ~7.5) condition.2.The Lewis base according to Claim 1 is preferably a compound containing primary amino, oxylamino or hydrazineyl group, and is selected from NH2OH, NH2NH2, alkylhydrazine, hydra-zineylalkyl-γ-ol, hydrazineyl-polyetheleneglycol ( (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) pH, or (NH2NH (CH2CH2O) p-CH3, p = 1~100) , hyroxylethylamine, bis (hyroxylethyl) amine, and tri (hyroxylethyl) amine, counted by anions of Cl-, F-, PO3-4, CH3COO-, (C (O) O-) 2, (CH2COO-) 2, HOC (COO-) (CH2COO-) 2, at the neu-tral (pH = 6.5 ~7.5) condition. And the hydrolysis reactions are preferably conducted at mild condi-tions of pH 6.5 ~ 8.0 containing the Lewis base, at temperature of 30 ~38 ℃, for 2 hours ~ 60 hours.3.The prepared the antibody-drug conjugate with two terminal groups of open-ring forms of thiosuccinimides of Formula (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) , according to Claim1, wherein n3 is 0, are represented by Formula (Ib-1a) , (Ib-1b) , (Ib-1c) , (Ib-1d) , (Ib-1f) , (Ib-2a) , (Ib-2b) , and (Ib-2c) : wherein Drug1, Drug2, Y1, Y2, L1, L2, X1, X2, X’, Rk, mAb and n are the same as in Claim 1.4.The prepared antibody-drug conjugate with one or two open-ring forms of thiosuccinimides of Formula (Ib) ( (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) ) according to Claim 1, is represented by Formula (Ib-1g) , (Ib-1h) , (Ib-1i) , (Ib-2d) , (Ib-2e) and (Ib-2f) , wherein the Lewis base is an amino, an amino acid compound or its derivatives, and the hydrolysis is at the mild condition of pH 6.3 ~7.7, 25 ~ 38 ℃, wherein n3 is 0, X’ is O, Rk is H, wherein, Drug1, Drug2, Y1, Y2, L1, L2, X1, X2, mAb and n are the same as in Claim 1.5.In the hydrolysis mixture of the conjugates according to Claim 1, 3 or 4, the proportion of the conjugate containing full opened ring forms of thiosuccinimides vs the conjugate containing mono opened-ring forms of thiosuccinimides, which is Formula (Ib-1) vs Formula (Ib-2) ; Formula (Id-1) vs Formula (Id-2) ; Formula (Ig-1) vs Formula (Ig-2) ; Formula (Ib-1a) and (Ib-1b) vs Formula (Ib-2) ; Formula (Ib-1c) and (Ib-1d) vs Formula (Ib-2b) ; Formula (Ib-1e) and (Ib-1f) vs Formula (Ib-2c) ; Formula (Ib-1g) vs Formula (Ib-2d) ; Formula (Ib-1h) vs Formula (Ib-2e) ; or Formula (Ib-1i) vs Formula (Ib-2f) ; is at least 1: 1 (over 50%) .6.In the hydrolysis mixture of the conjugates according to Claim 1, 3 or 4, the proportion of the conjugate containing full opened ring forms of thiosuccinimides vs the conjugate containing mono opened-ring forms of thiosuccinimides, which is Formula (Ib-1) vs Formula (Ib-2) ; Formula (Id-1) vs Formula (Id-2) ; Formula (Ig-1) vs Formula (Ig-2) ; Formula (Ib-1a) and (Ib-1b) vs Formula (Ib-2) ; Formula (Ib-1c) and (Ib-1d) vs Formula (Ib-2b) ; Formula (Ib-1e) and (Ib-1f) vs Formula (Ib-2c) ; Formula (Ib-1g) vs Formula (Ib-2d) ; Formula (Ib-1h) vs Formula (Ib-2e) ; or Formula (Ib-1i) vs Formula (Ib-2f) ; is at least 4: 1 (over 80%) .7.The conjugates of Formula (Ib) , I (d) and (Ig) according to Claim1 are made homogenously via the intermediates of conjugate Formula (Ia) , (Ic) , and (Ii) from payload / linker complexes of For-mula (Hd) , (Ih) , and (Ih) and (Ij) , respectively, as illustrated in the following reaction Equations (IV) , (V) and (VI) : wherein the first step of antibody conjugation reaction is conducted with a Zn2+ or zinc / alkyl-amino complex, a reduction agent (including TCEP) at 0 ~ 10 ℃, pH 5.0 ~ 8.0 for 8 ~ 48 hours; Follow-by the hydrolysis of the intermediates of conjugate Formula (Ia) , (Ic) , and (Ii) at mild conditions of pH 5.5 ~ 8.0 containing a Lewis base, at temperature of 20 ~40 ℃, for 15 min ~ 144 hours;wherein Drug1, Drug2, Y1, Y2, L1, L2, X1, X2, X’, Rk, mAb and n are the same as in Claim 1.8.The conjugates of Formula (Ib) ( (Ib-1) and (Ib-2) ) , (Id) ( (Id-1) and (Id-2) ) , and (Ig) ( (Ig-1) and (Ig-2) ) , according to Claim 1 or 7, are prepared homogenously via the following four key steps:(1) incubating the antibody or antibody-like protein in the presence of an effective zinc (II) cation (such as ZnCl2) or zinc (II) cation-amino chelate / complex (Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+) and a re-ductant (e.g. Tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) ) in a buffer system (including PBS, Mes, Bis-Tris, Bis-Tris Propane, Pipes, Aces, Mopso, Bes, Mops, Hepes, Tes, Pipps, Dipso, Tapso, Heppso, Tris-up, Tris-HCl, Tricine, Hepps, Gly-Gly, Bicine, Taps, Hepee, Acetates, Histi-dine, Citrates, MES, or Borates, etc. ) at pH 4.5 ~ 8.5, 1~ 10 ℃ for 1 ~24 h to selectively reduce inter-chain disulfide bonds within the antibody, to generate thiols;(2) . introducing an effective amount of a cytotoxic drug-linker complex of formula (Hd) or (Ih) , or (Ih) and (Ij) sequentially, to react with the thiol groups resulted from step (a) for 15 minutes to 4 hours; and(3) . adding effective amount of an azido compound (e.g. 4- (azidomethyl) -benzoic acid or p-azido-benzoic acid) to quench excess reductants, and an oxidant (e.g. dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) ) to re-oxidize unreacted thiol groups, and then purifying the resulted conjugates, or di-rectly proceeding to the next hydrolysis step;the step (3) can be replaced by: adding an effective amount of cystine to quench the exces-sive conjugation linker or linker / payload complex containing thiol reactive groups (e.g. maleimide) ; and adding an azido compound (4- (azidomethyl) -benzoic acid or p-azido-benzoic acid) or a disulfide compound (cystine) to quench the unreacted reductant (TCEP or Tris (hydroxypropyl) phosphine) , simultaneously or sequentially. The addition of cystine to quench the unreacted reductant (such as TCEP) can yield a cysteine which can simultaneously quench the excessive conjugation linker or linker / payload complex of Formula (Hd) , (Ih) , and (Ih) and (Ij) containing thiol reactive groups (ma-leimide) . At this step, the yielded unopened thiosuccinimide conjugates of Formula (Ia) , (Ic) or (Ii) can be optionally isolated by chromatography or UF / DF prior to be proceeded for the next step of hy-drolysis;(4) . the hydrolysis as described above is conducted at mild conditions, wherein the mix-ture containing a Lewis base is adjusted to pH 6.5 ~ 8.0, and maintained at temperature of 25 ~40 ℃, for 15 min ~ 96 hours and then the conjugates are purified by chromatography or UF / DF.9.The zinc (II) cation-amino chelate / complex (Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+) according to Claim 8, R1, R2 and R3are independently selected from C1-C8 of alkyl; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcyclo-alkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl-cycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl; m1 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; And (NR1R2R3) m1 in Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+can be form a dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer, or hexamer; and N, R1, R2 or R3 groups can themselves or jointly form (or join together to form) 3 ~ 10 mem-ber rings of heterocyclic, carbocyclic, diheterocyclic, or dicarbocyclic groups.10.The zinc (II) cation-amino chelate / complex (Zn (NR1R2R3) m12+) according to Claim 8, is selected from: Zn (NH2CH3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2CH3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2CH3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH (CH3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH2C (CH3) 3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2C (CH3) 3) 22+, Zn (NH (CH3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2CH3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH (CH3) 2) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (C (CH3) 3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH (CH2CH3) 2) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2C (CH3) 3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2C (CH2CH3) 3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2CH2C (CH3) 3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2OH) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2CH2OH) 2) 22+, Zn (N (CH2CH2OH) 3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2COOH) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2CONH2) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH2CH3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2COOC (CH3) 3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH (CH3) 2) 22+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2COOH) 22+, Zn (NH (CH2COOH) 2) 22+, Zn (N (CH2CH2COOH) 3) 22+, Zn (NH2CH3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2CH3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2CH3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH (CH3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH2C (CH3) 3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2C (CH3) 3) 42+, Zn (NH (CH3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2CH3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH (CH3) 2) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (C (CH3) 3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH (CH2CH3) 2) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2C (CH3) 3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2C (CH2CH3) 3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2CH2C (CH3) 3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2OH) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2CH2OH) 2) 42+, Zn (N (CH2CH2OH) 3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2COOH) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2CONH2) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH2CH3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2COOC (CH3) 3) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2COOCH (CH3) 2) 42+, Zn (NH2CH2CH2COOH) 42+, Zn (NH (CH2COOH) 2) 42+, Zn (N (CH2CH2COOH) 3) 42+, All the complex cations above can be formed with an anion, selected from Cl-, Br-, I-, SO42-, HSO4-, NO3-, PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4-, CO32-, HCO3-, HCOO-, CH3COO-, F3CCOO-, Cl3CCOO-, FCH2COO-, ClCH2COO-, F2CHCOO-, Cl2CHCOO-, BF4-, SO32-, HSO3-, CH3SO3-, C6H5CH2SO3-, C6H5SO3-, C6H5COO-, C6H5CH2COO-, C6F5O-, C6H4 (OH) COO-, C6H2F3O-, C6 H4 (NO2) O-, C6 H2 (NO2) 3O-.11.Under the homogenous conjugation process according to Claim 8, the resulted conjugates of formula (Ia) , (Ie) , or (Ii) , are in over 75%linked to Fab region of an IgG antibody or antibody like protein, if DAR (drug / antibody ratio) is controlled at 2.0 ~ 4.5; or the resulted conjugates of formula (Ia) , (Ie) , or (Ii) , are in over 65%linked to the sites of disulfide bonds between heavy-light chains and the upper disulfide bonds of the hinge region of an IgG antibody or antibody like pro-tein if DAR (drug / antibody ratio) is set at around 6.12.The linker, L1 and L2, according to Claim 1, 3, 4 or 7:(1) . L1 and L2 independently have one or more linker components of 6-maleimidocaproyl ( "MC" ) , maleimidopropanoyl ( "MP" ) , valine-citrulline ( "val-cit" or "vc" ) , alanine-phenylalanine ( "ala-phe" or "af" ) , p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl ( "PAB" ) , 4-thiopentanoate ( "SPP" ) , 4- (N-malei-midomethyl) -cyclohexane-1 carboxylate ( "MCC" ) , (4-acetyl) amino-benzoate ( "SIAB" ) , 4-thio-butyrate (SPDB) , 4-thio-2-hydroxysulfonyl-butyrate, alanine-valine (av) , alanine-alanine-alanine (aaa) , or a natural or unnatural peptide having 1-8 natural or unnatural amino acid units;(2) L1 or L2 may independently contain a self-immolative component, peptidyl units, a hydrazone bond, a disulfide, an ester, an oxime, an amide, or a thioether bond.the self-immolative linker component has one of the following structures:wherein the (*) atom is the point of attachment of additional spacer or releasable linker units, or the cytotoxic agent, and / or the binding molecule (CBA) ; X1, Y1, Z2 and Z3 are independently NH, O, or S; Z1 is independently H, NHR1, OR1, SR1, COX1R1, where X1 is NH, O, S, NHNH, or CH2; v is 0 or 1; U1 is independently H, OH, C1~C6 alkyl, (OCH2CH2) nOR5, CO (OCH2CH2) nOR5, CONH (CH2CH2O) nR5, F, Cl, Br, I, OR5, SR5, NR5R5’, N=NR5, N=R5, NR5R5’, NO2, SOR5R5’, SO2R5, SO3R5, OSO3R5, PR5R5’, POR5R5’, PO2R5R5’, OPO (OR5) (OR5’) , or OCH2PO (OR5 (OR5’) , wherein R1, R5 and R5’ are independently selected from H, C1~C8 of alkyl; C2~C8 of alkenyl, al-kynyl, heteroalkyl, or amino acid; C3~C8 of aryl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heterocyclo-alkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylcarbonyl, CO (OCH2CH2) nOH, (CH2CH2O) nH, (CH2CH2O) nCH3, CONH (CH2CH2O) nH, CO (OCH2CH2) nOCH3, CONH (CH2CH2O) nCH3, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2N (gly-cose) 2, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2N (CH3) 2, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2N (C2H5) 2, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2N (C3H7) 2, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2NHS (O) 2CH3, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2NH-S (O) 2CH3, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2NHS (O) 2OH, (CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2NHP (O) (OH) 2, or glycoside; or pharmaceutical cation salts; n = 1 ~20;The non-self-immolative linker component is one of the following structures:wherein the (*) atom is the point of attachment of additional spacer or releasable linkers, the cyto-toxic agents, and / or the binding molecules; X1, Y1, U1, R5, R5’ are defined as above; r is 0~100; m and n are 0~6 independently;(3) . L1 or L2 may be composed of one or more linker components as shown below:and L-or D-, natural or unnatural peptides containing 1-20 amino acids.13.The cytotoxic drug, Drug1 and Drug2, according to Claim 1, 3, 4 or 7, are independently se-lected from:(1) , Chemotherapeutic agents:a) . an alkylating agent: selected from the group consisting of nitrogen mustards: chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, mannomustine, mitobronitol, melphalan, mitolactol, pipo-broman, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, thiotepa, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; CC-1065 and adozelesin, carzelesin, bizelesin or their synthetic analogues; duocarmycin and its syn-thetic analogues, KW-2189, CBI-TMI, or CBI dimers; benzodiazepine dimers or pyrrolobenzodiaz-epine (PBD) dimers, tomaymycin dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, imidazobenzothiadiaze-pine dimers, or oxazolidinobenzodiazepine dimers; Nitrosoureas: comprising carmustine, lo-mustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, nimustine, ranimustine; Alkylsulphonates: comprising busul-fan, treosulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan) ; Triazenes or dacarbazine; Platinum containing com-pounds: comprising carboplatin, cisplatin, and oxaliplatin; aziridines, benzodopa, carboquone, me-turedopa, or uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemela-mine, trietylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphoramide and trimethylolomelamine] ;b) . A plant alkaloid: selected from the group consisting of Vinca alkaloids: comprising vin-cristine, vinblastine, vindesine, vinorelbine, and navelbin; Taxoids: comprising paclitaxel, docet-axol and their analogs, Maytansinoids comprising DM1, DM2, DM3, DM4, DM5, DM6, DM7, DM21, maytansine, ansamitocins and their analogs, cryptophycins (including the group consisting of cryptophycin 1 and cryptophycin 8) ; epothilones, eleutherobin, discodermolide, bryostatins, do-lostatins, auristatins, tubulysins, cephalostatins; pancratistatin; erbulins, a sarcodictyin; spongistatin;c) . A DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitor: selected from the groups of Epipodophyllins: compris-ing 9-aminocamptothecin, camptothecin, crisnatol, daunomycin, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, irinotecan, mitoxantrone, novantrone, retinoic acids (or retinols) , teniposide, topotecan, 9-nitro-camptothecin or RFS 2000; and mitomycins and their analogs;d) . An antimetabolite: selected from the group consisting of { [Anti-folate: (DHFR inhibitors: comprising methotrexate, trimetrexate, denopterin, pteropterin, aminopterin (4-aminopteroic acid) or folic acid analogues) ; IMP dehydrogenase Inhibitors: (comprising mycophenolic acid, tiazofurin, ribavirin, EICAR) ; Ribonucleotide reductase Inhibitors: (comprising hydroxyurea, deferoxamine) ] ; [pyrimidine analogs: Uracil analogs: (comprising ancitabine, azacitidine, 6-azauridine, capecitabine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, 5-fluorouracil, floxuridine, rat-itrexed (Tomudex) ) ; Cytosine analogs: (comprising cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside, fludarabine) ; Purine analogs: (comprising azathioprine, fludarabine, mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine) ] ; folic acid replenisher, frolinic acid} ; and Inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) ;e) . A hormonal therapy: selected from the group consisting of {Receptor antagonists: [Anti-estrogen: (comprising megestrol, raloxifene, tamoxifen) ; LHRH agonists: (comprising goscrclin, leuprolide acetate) ; Anti-androgens: (comprising bicalutamide, flutamide, calusterone, dromostano-lone propionate, epitiostanol, goserelin, leuprolide, mepitiostane, nilutamide, testolactone, trilostane and other androgens inhibitors) ] ; Retinoids / Deltoids: [Vitamin D3 analogs: (comprising CB 1093, EB 1089 KH 1060, cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol) ; Photodynamic therapies: (comprising ver-teporfin, phthalocyanine, photosensitizer Pc4, demethoxyhypocrellin A) ; Cytokines: (comprising Interferon-alpha, Interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNFs) , human proteins containing a TNF domain) ] } ;f) . A kinase inhibitor, selected from the group consisting of BIBW 2992 (anti-EGFR / Erb2) , imatinib, gefitinib, pegaptanib, sorafenib, dasatinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, nilotinib, lapatinib, axitinib, pazopanib. vandetanib, E7080 (anti-VEGFR2) , mubritinib, ponatinib (AP24534) , bafetinib (INNO-406) , bosutinib (SKI-606) , cabozantinib, vismodegib, iniparib, ruxolitinib, CYT387, axitinib, nerat-inib, tivozanib, sorafenib, bevacizumab, cetuximab, Trastuzumab, Ranibizumab, Panitumumab, ispinesib;g) . A poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors selected from the group consisting of olaparib, niraparib, iniparib, talazoparib, veliparib, CEP 9722 (Cephalon’s) , E7016 (Eisai's) , BGB-290 (BeiGene’s) , or 3-aminobenzamide.h) . An antibiotic, selected from the group consisting of an enediyne antibiotic (selected from the group consisting of calicheamicin, calicheamicin γ1, δ1, α1 or β1; dynemicin, including dynemicin A and deoxydynemicin; esperamicin, kedarcidin, C-1027, maduropeptin, or neocar-zinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne antibiotic chromomophores) , aclacino-mycins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin, carminomycin, carzinophilin; chromomycins, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleu-cine, doxorubicin, morpholino-doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolino-doxorubi-cin and deoxydoxorubicin, epirubicin, eribulin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, nitomycins, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin;i) . A polyketide (acetogenin) , bullatacin and bullatacinone; gemcitabine, epoxomicins and-carfilzomib, bortezomib, thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, tosedostat, zybrestat, PLX4032, STA-9090, Stimuvax, allovectin-7, Xegeva, Provenge, Yervoy, Isoprenylation inhibitors and Lovastatin, Dopaminergic neurotoxins and1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, Cell cycle inhibi-tors (selected from staurosporine) , Actinomycins (comprising Actinomycin D, dactinomycin) , ama-nitins, Bleomycins (comprising bleomycin A2, bleomycin B2, peplomycin) , Anthracyclines (com-prising daunorubicin, doxorubicin (adriamycin) , idarubicin, epirubicin, pirarubicin, zorubicin, mto-xantrone, MDR inhibitors or verapamil, Ca2+ATPase inhibitors or thapsigargin, Histone deacety-lase inhibitors ( (comprising Vorinostat, Romidepsin, Panobinostat, Valproic acid, Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) , Belinostat, PCI-24781, Entinostat, SB939, Resminostat, Givinostat, AR-42, CUDC-101, sulforaphane, Trichostatin A) ; Thapsigargin, Celecoxib, glitazones, epigallocatechin gallate, Disulfiram, Salinosporamide A. ; Anti-adrenals, selected from the group consisting of aminoglute-thimide, mitotane, trilostane; aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; amsa-crine; arabinoside, bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate; defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; eflornithine (DFMO) , elfomithine; elliptinium acetate, etoglucid; gallium nitrate; gacytosine, hy-droxyurea; ibandronate, lentinan; lonidamine; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidamol; nitracrine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; podophyllinic acid; 2-ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; razoxane; rhizoxin; sizofiran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2, 2', 2”-trichlorotriethylamine; trichothecenes (including the group consisting ofT-2 toxin, verrucarin A, roridin A and anguidine) ; urethane, siRNA, antisense drugs;(2) . An anti-autoimmune disease agent: cyclosporine, cyclosporine A, aminocaproic acid, aza-thioprine, bromocriptine, chlorambucil, chloroquine, cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids (including the group consisting of amcinonide, betamethasone, budesonide, hydrocortisone, flunisolide, fluticasone propionate, fluocortolone danazol, dexamethasone, Triamcinolone acetonide, beclomet-asone dipropionate) , DHEA, enanercept, hydroxychloroquine, infliximab, meloxicam, methotrex-ate, mofetil, mycophenylate, prednisone, sirolimus, tacrolimus.(3) . An anti-infectious disease agents comprising:a) . Aminoglycosides: amikacin, astromicin, gentamicin (netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin) ,hygromycin B, kanamycin (amikacin, arbekacin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin) , neo-mycin (framycetin, paromomycin, ribostamycin) , netilmicin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tobra-mycin, verdamicin;b) . Amphenicols: azidamfenicol, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, thiamphenicol;c) . Ansamycins: geldanamycin, herbimycin;d) . Carbapenems: biapenem, doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem / cilastatin, meropenem, panipenem;e) . Cephems: carbacephem (loracarbef) , cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefradine, cefadroxil, ce-falonium, cefaloridine, cefalotin or cefalothin, cefalexin, cefaloglycin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazaflur, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefbuperazone, cefcapene, cefdaloxime, cefepime, cefminox, cefoxitin, cefprozil, cefroxadine, ceftezole, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefepime, cefetamet, cefmenoxime, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, ceforanide, cefotaxime, cefotiam, cefozopran, cephalexin, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, cefteram, ceftibuten, ceftiolene, ceftizoxime, ceftobiprole, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefuzonam, cephamycin (cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefmetazole) , oxacephem (flomoxef, latamoxef) ;f) . Glycopeptides: bleomycin, vancomycin (oritavancin, telavancin) , teicoplanin (dalba-vancin) , ramoplanin;g) . Glycylcyclines: tigecycline;h) . β-Lactamase inhibitors: penam (sulbactam, tazobactam) , clavam (clavulanic acid) ;i) . Lincosamides: clindamycin, lincomycin;j) . Lipopeptides: daptomycin, A54145, calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDA) ;k) . Macrolides: azithromycin, cethromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, flurithromycin, josamycin, ketolide (telithromycin, cethromycin) , midecamycin, miocamycin, ole-andomycin, rifamycins (rifampicin, rifampin, rifabutin, rifapentine) , rokitamycin, roxithromycin, spectinomycin, spiramycin, tacrolimus (FK506) , troleandomycin, telithromycin;l) . Monobactams: aztreonam, tigemonam;m) . Oxazolidinones: linezolid;n) . Penicillins: amoxicillin, ampicillin, pivampicillin, hetacillin, bacampicillin, metampicillin,talampicillin, azidocillin, azlocillin, benzylpenicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin, clometocillin, procaine benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin (carindacillin) , cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, epicillin, flucloxacillin, mecillinam (pivmecillinam) , mezlocillin, meticil-lin, nafcillin, oxacillin, penamecillin, penicillin, pheneticillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, piperacillin, propicillin, sulbenicillin, temocillin, ticarcillin;o) . Polypeptides: bacitracin, colistin, polymyxin B;p) . Quinolones: alatrofloxacin, balofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, danofloxacin, di-floxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, floxin, garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, kano trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, marbofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, nor-floxacin, orbifloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxa-cin, temafloxacin, tosufloxacin, trovafloxacin;q) . Streptogramins: pristinamycin, quinupristin / dalfopristin;r) . Sulfonamides: mafenide, prontosil, sulfacetamide, sulfamethizole, sulfanilimide, sulfasala-zine, sulfisoxazole, trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) ;s) . Steroid antibacterials: selected from fusidic acid;t) . Tetracyclines: doxycycline, chlortetracycline, clomocycline, demeclocycline, lymecycline, meclocycline, metacycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, penimepicycline, rolitetracycline, tetracy-cline, glycylcyclines (including tigecycline) ;u) . Other antibiotics: selected from the group consisting of annonacin, arsphenamine, bacto-prenol inhibitors (Bacitracin) , DADAL / AR inhibitors (cycloserine) , dictyostatin, discodermolide, eleutherobin, epothilone, ethambutol, etoposide, faropenem, fusidic acid, furazolidone, isoniazid, laulimalide, metronidazole, mupirocin, mycolactone, NAM synthesis inhibitors (fosfomycin) , nitro-furantoin, paclitaxel, platensimycin, pyrazinamide, quinupristin / dalfopristin, rifampicin (rifampin) , tazobactam tinidazole, uvaricin;(4) . Anti-viral drugs comprising:a) . Entry / fusion inhibitors: aplaviroc, maraviroc, vicriviroc, gp41 (enfuvirtide) , PRO 140, CD4 (ibalizumab) ;b) . Integrase inhibitors: raltegravir, elvitegravir, globoidnan A;c) . Maturation inhibitors: bevirimat, vivecon;d) . Neuraminidase inhibitors: oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir;e) . Nucleosides &_nucleotides: abacavir, aciclovir, adefovir, amdoxovir, apricitabine,brivudine, cidofovir, clevudine, dexelvucitabine, didanosine (ddI) , elvucitabine, emtricitabine (FTC) , entecavir, famciclovir, fluorouracil (5-FU) , 3’-fluoro-substituted 2’, 3’-dideoxynucleoside analogues (including the group consisting of3’-fluoro-2’, 3’-dideoxythymidine (FLT) and 3’-fluoro-2’, 3’-dideoxyguanosine (FLG) , fomivirsen, ganciclovir, idoxuridine, lamivudine (3TC) , l-nucleo-sides (including the group consisting of β-l-thymidine and β-l-2’-deoxycytidine) , penciclovir, raci-vir, ribavirin, stampidine, stavudine (d4T) , taribavirin (viramidine) , telbivudine, tenofovir, tri-fluridine valaciclovir, valganciclovir, zalcitabine (ddC) , zidovudine (AZT) ;f) . Non-nucleosides: amantadine, ateviridine, capravirine, diarylpyrimidines (etravirine, rilpi-virine) , delavirdine, docosanol, emivirine, efavirenz, foscarnet (phosphonoformic acid) , imiquimod, interferon alfa, loviride, lodenosine, methisazone, nevirapine, NOV-205, peginterferon alfa, podo-phyllotoxin, rifampicin, rimantadine, resiquimod (R-848) , tromantadine;g) . Protease inhibitors: amprenavir, atazanavir, boceprevir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, pleconaril, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir (VX-950) , tipranavir;h) . Other types of anti-virus drugs: abzyme, arbidol, calanolide a, ceragenin, cyanovirin-n, diarylpyrimidines, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) , foscarnet, griffithsin, taribavirin (viramidine) , hydroxyurea, KP-1461, miltefosine, pleconaril, portmanteau inhibitors, ribavirin, seliciclib.(5) . A radioisotope that can be selected from the group consisting of (radionuclides) 3H, 11C, 14C, 18F, 32P, 35S, 64Cu, 68Ga, 86Y, 90Y, 99Tc, 111In, 123I, 124I, 125I, 131I, 133Xe, 177Lu, 203Pb, 212Pb, 211At, 213Bi, 224Ra and 225Ac. The metal radionuclides, 64Cu, 68Ga, 86Y, 90Y, 99Tc, 111In, 133Xe, 177Lu, 203Pb, 212Pb, 211At, 213Bi, 224Ra and 225Ac linked to an antibody through a chelator and a linker L1 of this patent application. The chelator is selected from DOTA, TETA, NOTA, NETA, DTPA, HBED, SHBED, and its structures are illustrated below:(6) . A chromophore molecule, which is capable of absorbing UV light, florescent light, IR light, near IR light, visual light; A class or subclass of xanthophores, erythrophores, iridophores, leucophores, melanophores, cyanophores, fluorophore molecules which are fluorescent chemical compounds reemitting light upon light, visual phototransduction molecules, photophore molecules, luminescence molecules, luciferin compounds; Non-protein organic fluorophores, selected from: Xanthene derivatives (comprising fluorescein, rhodamine, Oregon green, eosin, and Texas red) ; Cy-anine derivatives: (comprising cyanine, indocarbocyanine, oxacarbocyanine, thiacarbocyanine, and merocyanine) ; Squaraine derivatives and ring-substituted squaraines, including Seta, SeTau, and Square dyes; Naphthalene derivatives (comprising dansyl and prodan derivatives) ; Coumarin deriv-atives; Oxadiazole derivatives (comprising pyridyloxazole, nitrobenzoxadiazole and benzoxadia-zole) ; Anthracene derivatives (comprising anthraquinones, including DRAQ5, DRAQ7 and CyTRAK Orange) ; Pyrene derivatives (cascade blue) ; Oxazine derivatives (comprising Nile red, Nile blue, cresyl violet, oxazine 170) . Acridine derivatives (comprising proflavin, acridine orange, acridine yellow) . Arylmethine derivatives (comprising auramine, crystal violet, malachite green) . Tetrapyrrole derivatives (comprising porphin, phthalocyanine, bilirubin) ; Any analogs and deriva-tives of the following fluorophore compounds comprising CF dye, DRAQ and CyTRAK probes, BODIPY, Alexa Fluor, DyLight Fluor, Atto and Tracy, FluoProbes, Abberior Dyes, DY and Mega-Stokes Dyes, Sulfo Cy dyes , HiLyte Fluor, Seta, SeTau and Square Dyes, Quasar and Cal Fluor dyes, SureLight Dyes (APC, RPEPerCP, Phycobilisomes) , APC, APCXL, RPE, BPE, Allophycocy-anin (APC) , Aminocoumarin, APC-Cy7 conjugates, BODIPY-FL, Cascade Blue, Cy2, Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy3B, Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7, Fluorescein, FluorX, Hydroxycoumarin, Lissamine Rhodamine B, Lucifer yellow, Methoxycoumarin, NBD, Pacific Blue, Pacific Orange, PE-Cy5 conjugates, PE-Cy7 conju-gates, PerCP, R-Phycoerythrin (PE) , Red 613, Seta-555-Azide, Seta-555-DBCO, Seta-555-NHS, Seta-580-NHS, Seta-680-NHS, Seta-780-NHS, Seta-APC-780, Seta-PerCP-680, Seta-R-PE-670, SeTau-380-NHS, SeTau-405-Maleimide, SeTau-405-NHS, SeTau-425-NHS, SeTau-647-NHS, Texas Red, TRITC, TruRed, X-Rhodamine, 7-AAD (7-aminoactinomycin D, CG-selective) , Acri-dine Orange, Chromomycin A3, CyTRAK Orange (red excitation dark) , DAPI, DRAQ5, DRAQ7, Ethidium Bromide, Hoechst33258, Hoechst33342, LDS 751, Mithramycin, PropidiumIodide (PI) , SYTOX Blue, SYTOX Green, SYTOX Orange, Thiazole Orange, TO-PRO: Cyanine Monomer, TOTO-1, TO-PRO-1, TOTO-3, TO-PRO-3, YOSeta-1, YOYO-1; A fluorophore compound: com-prising DCFH (2'7'Dichorodihydro-fluorescein, oxidized form) , DHR (Dihydrorhodamine 123, oxi-dized form, light catalyzes oxidation) , Fluo-3 (AM ester. pH > 6) , Fluo-4 (AM ester. pH 7.2) , Indo-1 (AM ester, low / high calcium (Ca2+) ) , SNARF (pH 6 / 9) , Allophycocyanin (APC) , AmCyan1 (te-tramer, Clontech) , AsRed2 (tetramer, Clontech) , Azami Green (monomer) , Azurite, B-phyco-erythrin (BPE) , Cerulean, CyPet, DsRed monomer (Clontech) , DsRed2 ( "RFP" ) , EBFP, EBFP2, ECFP, EGFP (weak dimer) , Emerald (weak dimer) , EYFP (weak dimer) , GFP (S65A mutation) , GFP (S65C mutation) , GFP (S65L mutation) , GFP (S65T mutation) , GFP (Y66F mutation) , GFP (Y66H mutation) , GFP (Y66W mutation) , GFPuv, HcRed1, J-Red, Katusha, Kusabira Orange (monomer, MBL) , mCFP, mCherry, mCitrine, Midoriishi Cyan (dimer, MBL) , mKate (TagFP635, monomer) , mKeima-Red (monomer) , mKO, mOrange, mPlum, mRaspberry, mRFP1 (monomer) , mStrawberry, mTFP1, mTurquoise2, P3 (phycobilisome complex) , Peridinin Chlorophyll (PerCP) , R-phycoerythrin (RPE) , T-Sapphire, TagCFP (dimer) , TagGFP (dimer) , TagRFP (dimer) , TagYFP (dimer) , tdTomato (tandem dimer) , Topaz, TurboFP602 (dimer) , TurboFP635 (dimer) , TurboGFP (dimer) , TurboRFP (dimer) , TurboYFP (dimer) , Venus, Wild Type GFP, YPet, ZsGreen1 (te-tramer) , ZsYellow1 (tetramer) and their derivatives.(7) . The cell-binding ligands or receptor agonists, which can be selected from:Folate derivatives; Glutamic acid urea derivatives; Somatostatin and its analogs (selected from the group consisting of octreotide (Sandostatin) and lanreotide (Somatuline) ) ; Aromatic sul-fonamides; Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptides (PACAP) (PAC1) ; Vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP / PACAP) (VPAC1, VPAC2) ; Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-MSH) ; Chole-cystokinins (CCK) / gastrin receptor agonists; Bombesins (selected from the group consisting ofPyr-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2) / gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) ; Neurotensin receptor ligands (NTR1, NTR2, NTR3) ; Substance P (NK1 receptor) ligands; Neuro-peptide Y (Y1–Y6) ; Homing Peptides include RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) , NGR (Asn-Gly-Arg) , the di-meric and multimeric cyclic RGD peptides (selected from cRGDfV) , TAASGVRSMH and LTLRWVGLMS (Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2 receptor ligands) and F3 peptides; Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) ; Peptide Hormones, selected from the group consisting of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists and antagonists, and gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone (GnRH) agonist, acts by targeting follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hor-mone (LH) , as well as testosterone production, selected from the group consisting of buserelin, Gonadorelin, Goserelin, Histrelin, leuprolide, Nafarelin, Triptorelin, Nafarelin, Deslorelin, Aba-relix, Cetrorelix, Degarelix, and Ganirelix; Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRRs) , selected from the group consisting of Toll-like receptors’ (TLRs) ligands, C-type lectins and Nodlike Receptors’ (NLRs) ligands; Calcitonin receptor agonists; integrin receptors’ and their receptor subtypes’ (se-lected from the group consisting ofαVβ1, αVβ3, αVβ5, αVβ6, α6β4, α7β1, αLβ2, αIIbβ3) agonists (selected from the group consisting of GRGDSPK, cyclo (RGDfV) (L1) and its derives [cyclo (-N (Me) R-GDfV) , cyclo (R-Sar-DfV) , cyclo (RG-N (Me) D-fV) , cyclo (RGD-N (Me) f-V) , cyclo (RGDf-N (Me) V-) (Cilengitide) ] ; Nanobody (aderivative of VHH (camelid Ig) ) ; Domain antibodies (dAb, a deriva-tive of VH or VL domain) ; Bispecific T cell Engager (BiTE, a bispecific diabody) ; Dual Affinity ReTargeting (DART, a bispecific diabody) ; Tetravalent tandem antibodies (TandAb, a dimerized bispecific diabody) ; Anticalin (a derivative of Lipocalins) ; Adnectins (10th FN3 (Fibronectin) ) ; De-signed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) ; Avimers; EGF receptors and VEGF receptors’ ago-nists; an immunotherapeutical short antibody-like protein, siRNA or DNA molecule.(8) . The pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids, derivatives, hydrate or hydrated salt; or a crystalline structure; or an optical isomer, racemate, diastereomer or enantiomer of any of the above drugs.14.The cytotoxic drug, Drug1 and Drug2, according to Claim 1, 3, 4 or 7, are inde-pendently selected from: a tubulysin and its analogs, a maytansinoid and its analogs, a taxanoid (taxane) and its analogs, a CC-1065 and its analogs, a daunorubicin or doxorubicin and its analogs, an amatoxin and its analogs, a benzodiazepine dimer (e.g., a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, a tomaymycin dimer, an anthramycin dimer, an indolinobenzodiazepine dimer, an imidazobenzothi-adiazepine dimer, or an oxazolidinobenzo-diazepine dimers, or their pseudo dimer) and their ana-logs, a calicheamicin and the enediyne antibiotic and their analogs, an actinomycin and its analogs, an azaserine and its analogs, a bleomycin and its analogs, an epirubicin and its analogs, a tamoxifen and its analogs, an idarubicin and its analogs, a dolastatin and its analogs, an auristatin (including monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) , MMAF, auristatin PYE, auristatin TP, Auristatins 2-AQ, 6-AQ, EB (AEB) , and EFP (AEFP) ) and its analogs, a combretastatin, a duocarmycin and its analogs, a camptothecin (CPT) and its analogs, a geldanamycin and its analogs, a methotrexate and its ana-logs, a thiotepa and its analogs, a vindesine and its analogs, a vincristine and its analogs, a hemi-asterlin and its analogs, a nazumamide and its analogs, a spliceostatin, a pladienolide, a microginin and its analogs, a radiosumin and its analogs, an alterobactin and its analogs, a microsclerodermin and its analogs, a theonellamide and its analogs, an esperamicin and its analogs, PNU-159682 and its analogs, a protein kinase inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, a KSP inhibitor, a nicotinamide phosphori-bosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor, an immunotoxin, a cell receptor agonist, a cell stimulating molecule or intracellular signaling molecule, one, two or more DNA, RNA, mRNA, small interfer-ing RNA (siRNA) , microRNA (miRNA) , and PIWI interacting RNAs (piRNA) , and stereoisomers, isosteres, analogs, or derivatives thereof; .1) . Tubulysin analog having the following formula (IV) :or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrates, or hydrated salt; or a polymorphic crystalline structure; or an optical isomer, racemate, diastereomer or enantiomer thereof,whereinis a linkage site that either one or two of them can link to L1 and / or L2 inde-pendently; when two oflink to both L1 and L2, R1 and R2, or Z2 and Z3 are preferably the dual linkage sites;wherein R1, R1’, R2, R3, and R4 are independently H, C1~C8 alkyl; C2~C8 heteroalkyl, or heter-ocyclic; C3~C8 aryl, Ar-alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, carbocyclic, or alkylcarbonyl; or R1R2, R1R3, R2R3, R3R4, or R5R6 form a 3~7 membered carbocy-clic, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, heterocycloalkyl, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; R1 and R2 can be independently absent when they link to L1 or L2 independently or simultaneously, Y1 is N or CH;Preferably R1, R1’, R2, R3, and R4 are independently H, C1~C8 alkyl or heteroalkyl and Y1 is N;wherein R5, R6, R8, R10 and R11 are independently H, or C1~C4 alkyl or heteroalkyl;wherein R7 is independently H, R14, -R14C (=O) X1R15; or -R14X1R15; X1 is O, NH, CH2 or NR14;wherein R9 is selected from H, OH, =O, -OR14, -OC (=O) R14, -OC (=O) NHR14, or -OC (=O) NR14R15; when R9 links L1 or L2, R9 is -O-, -OC (=O) NH-or -OC (=O) N (R14) -;wherein R11 is H, or C1~C8 alkyl or C3~C8 Ar-alkyl;wherein R12 is -COOH, -COSH, -CONH2, CONHNH2, CONHNHR15, -CONH (R15) , -COOR15, -R15COR16, -R15COOR16, -R15C (O) NH2, -R15C (O) NHR16, -COSR15, R15S (=O) 2R16, -R15P (=O) (OR17) 2, -R15OP (=O) (OR17) 2, -COOCH2OP (=O) (OR17) 2, -COX2SO2R17, -COOR15X2R16, tetrazole, imidazole, or triazole, where X2 is -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N (R15) -, -O-R15-, -S-R15-, CH2 or -NHR15-; when R12 links L1 or L2, R12 is -C (O) O-, -C (O) NH-, -C (=O) NHS (O) 2R15-or -C (=O) N (R15) -;Preferably R12 is is -COOH, -CONH2, CONHNH2, CONHNHR15, -CONH (R15) , or -COOR15;R13 and R14 are independently C1~C8 alkyl, heteroalkyl; C2-C8 of alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl; Preferably R13 and R14 are independently C1~C8 alkyl;Z2 and Z3 are independently H, O, S, NH, N (R15) , NHNH, -OH, -SH, -NH2, NHNH2, -NH (R15) , -OR15, CO, -COX2, -COX2R16, R17, F, Cl, Br, I, SR16, NR16R17, N=NR16, N=R16, NO2, SOR16R17, SO2R16, SO3R16, OSO3R16, PR16R17, POR16R17, PO2R16R17, OP (O) (OR17) 2, OCH2OP (O) (OR17) 2, OC (O) R17, OC (O) OP (O) (OR17) 2, PO (OR16) (OR17) , OP (O) (OR17) OP (O) (OR17) 2, OC (O) NHR17; -O- (C4-C12 glycoside) , -N- (C4-C12 glycoside) ; C1~C8 alkyl, heteroalkyl; C2-C8 of alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, or 2-8 carbon atoms of esters, ether, or amide; or peptides containing 1-8 amino acids (NH (Aa) 1~8, or CO (Aa) 1~8 (which are respectively N-terminal or C-terminal 1 -8 the same or different amino acids) ) , or polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (OCH2CH2) p or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) p, wherein p is an integer from 0 to about 100, or combination of above groups thereof; X2 is O, S, S-S, NH, CH2, OH, SH, NH2, CHR15 or NR15;Preferably Z2 and Z3 are independently H, O, NH, NHNH, -OH, -NH2, NHNH2, -NH (R15) , -OR15, CO, -COX2, -COX2R16,R15, R16 and R17 are independently H, C1~C8 alkyl, heteroalkyl; C2-C8 of alkenyl, alkynyl, het-eroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, or Na+, K+, Cs+, Li+, Ca2+, Mg+, Zn2+, N+ (R1) (R2) (R3) (R4) , HN+ (C2H5OH) 3 salt; Preferably R15, R16 and R17 are independently H, C1~C8 alkyl;Y1 and Y2 are independently N or CH; q is 0 or 1; when q=0, Y3 does not exist, Y4, Y5, Y6 and Y7 are independently CH, N, NH, O, S, or N (R1) , thus Y2, Y4, Y5, Y6 and Y7form a heteroaromatic ring of furan, pyrrole thiophene, thiazole, oxazole and imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, thia-diazole; when q=1, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6 and Y7 are independently CH or N, thus Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6 and Y7 form aromatic ring of benzene, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, tetrazine, pentazine;the structures of the tubulysin analogs are shown below:wherein R20 is H; C1-C8 of linear or branched alkyl or heteroalkyl; C2-C8 of alkylcarbonyl, car-bonate (-C (O) OR17) , carbamate (-C (O) NR17R18) ; or 1-8 carbon atoms of carboxylate, esters, ether, or amide; or 1~8 amino acids; or polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (OCH2CH2) p or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) p, wherein p is an integer from 0 to about 100; or R20 is absent and the oxygen forms a ketone, or combination above groups thereof;Z3 and Z3 are independently H, OH, NH2, O, NH, COOH, COO, C (O) , C (O) NH, C (O) NH2, R18, OCH2OP (O) (OR18) 2, OC (O) OP (O) (OR18) 2, OPO (OR18) 2, NHPO (OR18) 2, OP (O) (OR18) OP (O) (OR18) 2, OC (O) R18, OC (O) NHR18, OSO2 (OR18) , O- (C4-C12-glycoside) , car-bonate (-C (O) OR17) , carbamate (-C (O) NR17R18) ; R17and R18 are independently H, linear or branched alkyl or heteroalkyl;R19 is H, OH, NH2, OSO2 (OR18) , XCH2OP (O) (OR18) 2, XPO (OR18) 2, XC (O) OP (O) (OR18) 2, XC (O) R18, XC (O) NHR18, C1~C8 alkyl or carboylate; or pharmaceutical salts;X is O, S, NH, NHNH, or CH2;R7 is defined the same above; wherein the linkage sites, in formula IV-01 ~ IV-79 are having the same indication according to formula (IV) .2) . The structure of calicheamicin has the following formula:or an isotope of a chemical element, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrates, or hy-drated salt; or a polymorphic crystalline structure; or an optical isomer, racemate, diastereomer or enantiomer thereof,whereinis the site linked to L1 or L2;3) . Geldanamycins are benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic that are selected from: 17-AAG (17-N-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin) and 17-DMAG (17-Dimethylamino-ethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin) , having the following formula:whereinis the site linked to L1 or L2;4) . The structure of maytansinoid has following formula:whereinis the site linked to L1 or L2.5) . The structures of cryptophycins of this invention are the following formula:wherein X is O or NH, andis the site linked to L1 or L2.6) . The structure of Camptothecin (CPT) of the patent has below formula:or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hy-drates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the opti-cal isomers, racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers; wherein R1, R2 and R4 are independently se-lected from H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, C1~C8 alkyl; O-C1~C8 alkyl; NH-C1~C8 alkyl; C2-C8 of het-eroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cy-cloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl; or C2-C8 of esters, ether, amide, car-bonate, urea, or carbamate; R3 is H, OH, NH2, C1~C8 alkyl; O-C1~C8 alkyl; NH-C1~C8 alkyl; C2-C8 of heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, O-C2~C8 alkylamine, NH-C2~C8 alkylamine, O-C2~C8 alkylalcohol, NH-C2~C8 alkylalcohol; or C2~C8 (2-8 carbon atoms) of esters, ether, amide, carbonate, urea, or carbamate; or R1R2, R2R3 and R3R4 independently form a 5~7 membered carbo-cyclic, heterocyclic, heterocycloalkyl, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; is the site in the molecule that can be linked to L1 or L2.The structures of camptothecins used for this application are:or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hy-drates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the opti-cal isomers, racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers; whereinis the site linked to L1 or L2;Wherein P1 and R1 are independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, SO2R2, SO3H, CN, OH, NH2, COOH, C (O) NH2, OCH2OP (O) (OR18) 2, OC (O) OP (O) (OR18) 2, OPO (OR18) 2, NHPO (OR18) 2, OC (O) R18, OP (O) (OR18) OP (O) (OR18) 2, OC (O) NHR18, OC (O) N (C2H4) 2NCH3, OSO2 (OR18) , O- (C4-C12-glycoside) , OC (O) N (C2H4) 2CH2N (C2H4) 2CH3, O- (C1-C8 of linear or branched alkyl) , O- (C1-C8 of linear or branched alkyl) -OH, C1-C8 of linear or branched alkyl or heteroalkyl; C2-C8 of linear or branched alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; C3-C8 linear or branched of aryl, Ar-alkyl, heterocyclic, carbocyclic, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, het-eroaryl; carbonate (-C (O) OR17) , carbamate (-C (O) NR17R18) ;R2, R3 and R4 are independently H, C1-C8 of linear or branched alkyl, or heteroalkyl, C2-C8 of linear or branched ether, amine, ester, or amide; in addition, R2 and R3 can be joint together to form five-or six-member ring or cycloalkyl, cycloalkylamine, or cycloalkylamide, cyclohexylalkyla-mide; R17and R18 are independently H, linear or branched alkyl or heteroalkyl;X is NH, O, S, S (O2) , NHS (O2) , NHS (O2) NH, NHP (O) (OH) , N+ (R2) (R3) , NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) , NHC (O) O, N (CH2CH2) 2N, CON (CH2CH2) 2N, CON (CH2CH2) 2N+ (R2) (R3) , NHCH2, N (CH3) , OCH2, or CH2.7) . Combretastatins and their derivatives include, combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) , CA4-βGals, CA-4PD, CA4-NPs and combrabulin, having the following formula:8) . The structures of taxanes are the following formula:whereinis the site linked to L1 or L2; Ar and Ar’ are independently aryl or heteroaryl.9) . The structures of anthracyclines of the present patent are the following formula:whereinis the site that links to L1 or L2.10) . The vinca alkaloids are vinblastine, vincristine and their analogs having the following for-mula:whereinis the site linked to L1 or L2;11) . Dolastatins and their peptides’ derivatives, auristatins, are the following formula (Ih-01) , (Ih-02) , (Ih-03) , (Ih-04) , (Ih-05) , (Ih-06) , (Ih-07) , (Ih-08) , (Ih-09) , (Ih-10) , and (Ih-11) :or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hy-drates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the opti-cal isomers, diastereomers or enantiomers;wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently H; C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, aryl, het-eroaryl, heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, ester, ether, amide, amines, heterocycloalkyl, or acyloxyla-mines; or peptides containing 1-8 aminoacids, or polyethyleneoxy unit having formula (OCH2CH2) p or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) p, wherein p is an integer from 1 to about 100. The two Rs: R1R2, R2R3, R1R3 or R3R4 together can form 3~8 member cyclic ring of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, or alkylcy-cloalkyl group; Y1 and Y2 are independently O, NH, NHNH, NR5, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1 when linked to the connecting site (that links to L1 and / or L2 independently) ; or OH, NH2, NHNH2, NHR5, SH, C (O) OH, C (O) NH2, OC (O) NH2, OC (O) OH, NHC (O) NH2, NHC (O) SH, OC (O) NH (R1) , N (R1) C (O) NH (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) OH and C (O) NHR1 when not linked to the connecting siteR12 is OH, NH2, NHR1, NHNH2, NHNHCOOH, O-R1-COOH, NH-R1-COOH, NH- (Aa) nCOOH, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2OH, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, NR1R1’, NHOH, NHOR1, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2COOH, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2COOH, NH-Ar-COOH, NH-Ar-NH2, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH-SO3H, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NHSO3H, R1-NHSO3H, NH-R1-NHSO3H, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2-CH2NHPO3H2, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NHPO3H2, OR1, R1-NHPO3H2, R1-OPO3H2, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2OPO3H2, OR1-NHPO3H2, NH-R1-NHPO3H2, NH (CH2CH2NH) pCH2-CH2NH2, NH (CH2CH2S) pCH2CH2NH2, NH (CH2CH2NH) pCH2CH2OH, NH (CH2CH2S) pCH2-CH2OH, NH-R1-NH2, or NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NHPO3H2, wherein Aa is 1-8 the same or differ-ent aminoacids; p is 1 -100; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R5’, Z1, Z2, and n are defined the same above.Preferably R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R5’ are independently H, C1-C8 alkyl, alkylcarbonyl; Y1 and Y2 are independently O, NH, NHNH, NR5, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, C (O) NHNHC (O) , C (O) NR1 OH, NH2, NHNH2, NHR5, C (O) OH, C (O) NH2, OC (O) NH2, OC (O) OH, NHC (O) NH2.12) . The structures of hemiasterlins are the following formula:wherein wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently H; C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, ester, ether, amide, amines, heterocycloalkyl, or acyloxylamines; or peptides containing 1-8 aminoacids, or polyethyleneoxy unit having formula (OCH2CH2) p or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) p, wherein p is an integer from 1 to about 100; In addition, R2R3 can form 3~8 member cyclic ring of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, or alkylcycloalkyl group.13) . Eribulin is the following formula, Eb01:is a linkage site that links to L1 and / or L2 independently;14) . The inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferases (NAMPT) is the following for-mula: NP01, NP02, NP03, NP04, NP05, NP06, NP07, NP08, and NP09:or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hy-drates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the opti-cal isomers, racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers; whereinis the same above; X5 is F, Cl, Br, I, OH, OR1, R1, OPO3H2, OSO3H, NHR1, OCOR1, NHCOR1.15) . The preferred benzodiazepine dimers are the formula below: PB01 ~ PB30:or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hy-drates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the opti-cal isomers, racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers; wherein X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Z1, Z2, and n are de-fined the same above; Preferably X1, X2, Y1 and Y2 are independently O, N, NH, NHNH, NR5, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R1) , CH, C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1;R1, R2, R3, R1’, R2’, and R3’ are independently H; F; Cl; =O; =S; =CH2; =CH-R1, OH; SH; C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, ester (COOR5 or –OC (O) R5) , ether (OR1) , amide (CONR1) , carbamate (OCONR1) , amines (NHR1, NR1R2) , hetero-cycloalkyl, or acyloxylamines (-C (O) NHOH, -ONHC (O) R1) ; or peptides containing 1-6 natural or unnatural aminoacids, or polyethyleneoxy unit of formula (OCH2CH2) p or (OCH2CH (CH3) ) p, wherein p is an integer from 1 to about 100. The two Rs: R1R2, R2R3, R1’R2’, or R2’R3’, can inde-pendently form 3~8-member cyclic ring of C2~C10 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, or alkylcyclo-alkyl group;X3, X, X’ and Y3 are independently N, O, S, NH, CH2 or CR1; or one of X3, X, X’ and Y3 can be absent, thus the left X3, X, X’ or Y3 can be O, S, NH;wherein R1, R2, R4, and R5, are C1-C8 alkyl, heteroalkyl; C2-C8 aminoalkylcarbonyl, al-kylaryloxyl, alkylarylamino, alkylarylthiol; or 1-6 the same or different sequence of amino acid / peptides (Ar) r, r =1 -6;wherein R12 and R12’ are independently H, OH, NH2, NH (CH3) , NHNH2, COOH, SH, OZ3, SZ3, F, Cl, or C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C8 aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, acyloxylamines;X6 is CH, N, P (O) NH, P (O) NR1, CHC (O) NH, C3-C8 aryl, heteroaryl, alkylcycloalkyl, acyloxyl, alkylaryl, alkylaryloxyl, alkylarylamino, or an Aa (amino acid, it is preferably selected from Lys, Phe, Asp, Glu, Ser, Thr, His, Cys, Tyr, Trp, Gln, Asn, Arg) ;Y21 is Ms (mesyl) , Ts (tosyl) or Tf (trifyl) , SO3H, P (O) (OH) 2, CH2 (O) P (O) (OH) 2, glycoside;R31 is H, C1 -C8 alkyl or Ar, CF3; is defined the same above.16) . a CC-1065 analog and duocarmycin analogs are the Formula below: CC01, CC02, CC03, CC04, CC05, CC06 and CC07:wherein X1, X2, Y1 and Y2 are independently O, NH, NHNH, NR5, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1 when linked to the connecting siteor OH, NH2, NHNH2, NHR1, SH, C (O) OH, C (O) NH2, OC (O) NH2, OC (O) OH, NHC (O) NH2, NHC (O) SH, OC (O) NH (R1) , N (R1) C (O) NH (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) OH and C (O) NHR1 when not linked to the connecting siteZ3 is H, PO (OM1) (OM2) , SO3M1, CH2PO (OM1) (OM2) , CH3N (CH2CH2) 2NC (O) -, O (CH2CH2) 2NC (O) -, R1, or glycoside; wherein R1, R2, R3, M1, M2, and n are defined the same above;17) . The amatoxin (amanita toxin) and its analogs are the following structures of Am01, Am02, and Am03:or an isotope of one or more chemical elements, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hy-drates, or hydrated salts; or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; or the opti-cal isomers, racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers; wherein X1, and Y1 are independently O, NH, NHNH, NR1, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R1) , CH2, CHNH, CH2O, C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1; R7, R8, and R9 are inde-pendently H, OH, OR1, NH2, NHR1, C1-C6 alkyl, or absent; Y2 is O, O2, NR1, NH, or absent; R10 is CH2, O, NH, NR1, NHC (O) , NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) O, OC (O) O, C (O) , OC (O) , OC (O) (NR1) , (NR1) C (O) (NR1) , C (O) R1 or absent; R11 is OH, NH2, NHR1, NHNH2, NHNHCOOH, O-R1-COOH, NH-R1-COOH, NH- (Aa) rCOOH, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2OH, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NH2, NR1R2, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2-COOH, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2COOH, NH-Ar-COOH, NH-Ar-NH2, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2-NHSO3H, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2-NHSO3H, R1-NHSO3H, NH-R1-NHSO3H, O (CH2CH2O) p-CH2CH2NHPO3H2, NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2NHPO3H2, OR1, R1-NHPO3H2, R1-OPO3H2, O (CH2CH2O) pCH2CH2OPO3H2, OR1-NHPO3H2, NH-R1-NHPO3H2, or NH (CH2CH2O) pCH2-CH2NHPO3H2, wherein (Aa) r is 1-8 aminoacids; n and m1 are independently 1~20; p is 1 -100; R1, R2 and Ar, are the same defined throughout the application; and R1 and R2 are preferably here H, C1~C8 alkyl; is linkage site (which is defined the same above) .18) . The spliceostatins and pladienolides are selected from spliceostatin A, FR901464, and (2S, 3Z) -5- { [ (2R, 3R, 5S, 6S) -6- { (2E, 4E) -5- [ (3R, 4R, 5R, 7S) -7- (2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl) -4-hy-droxy-1, 6-dioxaspiro [2.5] oct-5-yl] -3-methylpenta-2, 4-dien-1-y-l} -2, 5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl] amino} -5-oxopent-3-en-2-yl acetate and Pladienolide B, Pladienolide D, and E7107. The spliceostatins having the core structure of:19) . The protein kinase inhibitors are selected from Adavosertib, Afatinib, Axitinib, Bafetinib, Bosutinib, Cobimetinib, Crizotinib, Cabozantinib, Dasatinib, Entrectinib, Erdafitinib, Erlotinib, Er-lotinib, Fostamatinib, Gefitinib, Ibrutinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Lenvatinib, Mubritinib, Nilotinib, Pazopanib, Pegaptanib, Ponatinib, Rebastinib, Regorafenib, Ruxolitinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, SU6656, Tofacitinib, Vandetanib, Vemurafenib, Entrectinib, Palbociclib, Ribociclib, Abemaciclib, Dacomitinib, Neratinib, Rociletinib, Osimertinib, AZD3759, Nazartinib, having the following for-mula, PK01 ~ PK40:wherein Z5 and Z5’ are independently selected from O, NH, NHNH, NR5, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1.20) . The proteinase inhibitors are selected from Carfilzomib, Clindamycin, Retapamulin, In-dibulin, having the following formulae:21) . The immunotoxin is also preferred as cytotoxic agents of the present patent. The immu-notoxin is selected from Diphtheria toxin (DT) , Cholera toxin (CT) , Trichosanthin (TCS) , Dianthin, Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA) , Erythrogenic toxins, Diphtheria toxin, AB toxins, Type III exo-toxins, proaerolysin, and topsalysin;22) . The two or more DNA, RNA, mRNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA) , microRNA (miRNA) , and PIWI interacting RNAs (piRNA) can be as a chemotherapeutic / function compound, having the following structures:whereinis the site to link the side chain linker of the present patent; is sin-gle or double strands of DNA, RNA, mRNA, siRNA, miRNA, or piRNA; X1, and Y are inde-pendently O, NH, NHNH, NR1, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R1) , CH2, C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1.23) . The MEK inhibitor is selected from PD0325901, selumetinib (AZD6244) , cobimetinib (XL518) , refametinib, trametinib (GSK1120212) , pimasertib, Binimetinib (MEK162) , AZD8330, RO4987655, RO5126766, WX-554, E6201, GDC-0623, PD-325901 and TAK-733. The preferred MEK inhibitors are selected from Trametinib (GSK1120212) , Cobimetinib (XL518) , Binimetinib (MEK162) , and selumetinib, having the following formula:wherein Z5 is selected from O, NH, NHNH, NR5, S, C (O) O, C (O) NH, OC (O) NH, OC (O) O, NHC (O) O, NHC (O) NH, NHC (O) S, OC (O) N (R1) , N (R1) C (O) N (R2) , C (O) NHNHC (O) and C (O) NR1;24) . The proteinase inhibitor is preferably selected from: Carfilzomib, Clindamycin, Re-tapamulin, Indibulin, as shown in the following structures:15.The cytotoxic drug, Drug1 and Drug2, according to Claim 1, 3, 4 or 7, are independently se-lected from:1) . Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors selected from:whereinis the linkage site.2) . Inhibitors of Bromodomain selected from:3) . The Cyclin-dependent kinase (in particular CDK4 / 6) inhibirors elected from:4) . EGFR inhibitors selected from:GE11 peptide (EGFR) : GE11m3 peptide: 16.The conjugate according to Claim 1, 3, or 4, having the structures of: Unless specific indication, the above listed open-forms of thiosuccinimide conjugates in gen-eral contain less than 50%unopened forms of thiosuccinimide conjugates which are not separated out when the conjugates are used in the applications.17.The cytotoxic drug / linker complexes of Formula according to Claim 1 having the following structures: 18.The antibody or the antibody like protein (mAb) according to claim 1, 3, 4, or 16, is se-lected from: one or several of a dAb, Fab, Fab', F (ab') 2, Fv, nanobody, diabody, triabody, tetrabody, miniantibody, a minibody, a full-length antibody (polyclonal antibody, monoclonal antibody, anti-body dimer, antibody multimer) , multispecific antibody (selected from, bispecific antibody, trispecific antibody, or tetraspecific antibody) ; a single chain antibody, an antibody fragment that binds to the target cell, a monoclonal antibody, a single chain monoclonal antibody, a monoclonal antibody fragment that binds the target cell, a chimeric antibody, a chimeric antibody fragment that binds to the target cell, a domain antibody, a domain antibody fragment that binds to the target cell, a resurfaced antibody, a resurfaced single chain antibody, or a resurfaced antibody fragment that binds to the target cell, a humanized antibody or a resurfaced antibody, a humanized single chain antibody, or a humanized antibody fragment that binds to the target cell, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) an-tibodies, CDR's, a probody, a probody fragment, small immune proteins (SIP) , a lymphokine, a hor-mone, a vitamin, a growth factor, a colony stimulating factor, a nutrient-transport molecule, large molecular weight proteins, fusion proteins, kinase inhibitors, gene-targeting agents, nanoparticles or polymers modified with antibodies or large molecular weight proteins; a vitamin (including folate) ; or large molecular peptides, a polymeric micelle, a liposome, a lipoprotein-based drug carrier, a nano-particle drug carrier, a dendrimer, and a particle said above coating or linking with a cell-bind-ing ligand or a protein.19.The antibody or the antibody like protein (mAb) according to claim 1, 3, 4, 16, or 18 is ca-pable of targeting against a tumor cell, a virus infected cell, a microorganism infected cell, a para-site infected cell, an autoimmune disease cell, an activated tumor cells, a myeloid cell, an activated T-cell, an affecting B cell, or a melanocyte, or any malfunctioned cells expressing any one of the following antigens or receptors: CD1, CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, CD1e, CD2, CD3, CD3d, CD3e, CD3g, CD4, CD5, CD6, CD7, CD8, CD8a, CD8b, CD9, CD10, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD11d, CD12w, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD16a, CD16b, CDw17, CD18, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD25, CD26, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD30, CD31, CD32, CD32a, CD32b, CD33, CD34, CD35, CD36, CD37, CD38, CD39, CD40, CD41, CD42, CD42a, CD42b, CD42c, CD42d, CD43, CD44, CD45, CD46, CD47, CD48, CD49b, CD49c, CD49c, CD49d, CD49f, CD50, CD51, CD52, CD53, CD54, CD55, CD56, CD57, CD58, CD59, CD60, CD60a, CD60b, CD60c, CD61, CD62E, CD62L, CD62P, CD63, CD64, CD65, CD65s, CD66, CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, CD66d, CD66e, CD66f, CD67, CD68, CD69, CD70, CD71, CD72, CD73, CD74, CD75, CD75s, CD76, CD77, CD78, CD79, CD79a, CD79b, CD80, CD81, CD82, CD83, CD84, CD85, CD85a, CD85b, CD85c, CD85d, CD85e, CD85f, CD85g, CD85g, CD85i, CD85j, CD85k, CD85m, CD86, CD87, CD88, CD89, CD90, CD91, CD92, CD93, CD94, CD95, CD96, CD97, CD98, CD99, CD100, CD101, CD102, CD103, CD104, CD105, CD106, CD107, CD107a, CD107b, CD108, CD109, CD110, CD111, CD112, CD113, CD114, CD115, CD116, CD117, CD118, CD119, CD120, CD120a, CD120b, CD121, CD121a, CD121b, CD122, CD123, CD123a, CD124, CD125, CD126, CD127, CD128, CD129, CD130, CD131, CD132, CD133, CD134, CD135, CD136, CD137, CD138, CD139, CD140, CD140a, CD140b, CD141, CD142, CD143, CD144, CD145, CDw145, CD146, CD147, CD148, CD149, CD150, CD151, CD152, CD153, CD154, CD155, CD156, CD156a, CD156b, CD156c, CD156d, CD157, CD158, CD158a, CD158b1, CD158b2, CD158c, CD158d, CD158e1, CD158e2, CD158f2, CD158g, CD158h, CD158i, CD158j, CD158k, CD159, CD159a, CD159b, CD159c, CD160, CD161, CD162, CD163, CD164, CD165, CD166, CD167, CD167a, CD167b, CD168, CD169, CD170, CD171, CD172, CD172a, CD172b, CD172g, CD173, CD174, CD175, CD175s, CD176, CD177, CD178, CD179, CD179a, CD179b, CD180, CD181, CD182, CD183, CD184, CD185, CD186, CDw186, CD187, CD188, CD189, CD190, CD191, CD192, CD193, CD194, CD195, CD196, CD197, CD198, CD199, CDw198, CDw199, CD200, CD201, CD202, CD202 (a, b) , CD203, CD203c, CD204, CD205, CD206, CD207, CD208, CD209, CD210, CDw210a, CDw210b, CD211, CD212, CD213, CD213a1, CD213a2, CD214, CD215, CD216, CD217, CD218, CD218a, CD218, CD21b9, CD220, CD221, CD222, CD223, CD224, CD225, CD226, CD227, CD228, CD229, CD230, CD231, CD232, CD233, CD234, CD235, CD235a, CD235b, CD236, CD237, CD238, CD239, CD240, CD240ce, CD240d, CD241, CD242, CD243, CD244, CD245, CD246, CD247, CD248, CD249, CD250, CD251, CD252, CD253, CD254, CD255, CD256, CD257, CD258, CD259, CD260, CD261, CD262, CD263, CD264, CD265, CD266, CD267, CD268, CD269, CD270, CD271, CD272, CD273, CD274, CD275, CD276, CD277, CD278, CD279, CD281, CD282, CD283, CD284, CD285, CD286, CD287, CD288, CD289, CD290, CD291, CD292, CD293, CD294, CD295, CD296, CD297, CD298, CD299, CD300, CD300a, CD300b, CD300c, CD301, CD302, CD303, CD304, CD305, CD306, CD307, CD307a, CD307b, CD307c, CD307d, CD307e, CD307f, CD308, CD309, CD310, CD311, CD312, CD313, CD314, CD315, CD316, CD317, CD318, CD319, CD320, CD321, CD322, CD323, CD324, CD325, CD326, CD327, CD328, CD329, CD330, CD331, CD332, CD333, CD334, CD335, CD336, CD337, CD338, CD339, CD340, CD341, CD342, CD343, CD344, CD345, CD346, CD347, CD348, CD349, CD350, CD351, CD352, CD353, CD354, CD355, CD356, CD357, CD358, CD359, CD360, CD361, CD362, CD363, CD364, CD365, CD366, CD367, CD368, CD369, CD370, CD371, CD372, CD373, CD374, CD375, CD376, CD377, CD378, CD379, CD381, CD382, CD383, CD384, CD385, CD386, CD387, CD388, CD389, CRIPTO, CRIPTO, CR, CR1, CRGF, CRIPTO, CXCR5, LY64, TDGF1, 4-1BB, APO2, ASLG659 , BMPR1B, 4-1BB, 5AC, 5T4 (trophoblastic glycoprotein, TPBG, AXL, Wnt-activated inhibitory factor 1 or WAIF1) , adenocarcinoma antigen, AGS-5, AGS-22M6, activin receptor-like kinase 1, AFP, AKAP-4, ALK, alpha integrin, alpha v beta6, amino-peptidase N, Amyloid beta, androgen re-ceptor, angiopoietin 2, angiopoietin 3, annexin A1, anthrax toxin protective antigen, anti-transferrin receptor, AOC3 (VAP-1) , B7-H3, Bacillus anthracis anthrax, BAFF (B-cell activating factor) , BCMA, B-lymphoma cell, bcr-abl, Bombesin, BORIS, C5, C242 antigen, CA125 (carbohydrate an-tigen 125, MUC16) , CA-IX (or CAIX, carbonic anhydrase 9) , CALLA, CanAg, Canis lupus famil-iaris IL31, carbonic anhydrase IX, cardiac myosin, CCL11 (C-C motif chemokine 11) , CCR4 (C-C chemokine receptor type 4) , CCR5, CD3E (epsilon) , CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) , CEACAM3, CEACAM5 (carcino-embryonic antigen) , CFD (Factor D) , Ch4D5, cholecystokinin 2 (CCK2R) , CLDN18 (Claudin-18) , CLDN18.2 (Claudin-18.2) , clumping factor A, cMet, CRIPTO, FCSF1R (colony stimulating factor 1 receptor) , CSF2 (colony stimulating factor 2, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ) , CSP4, CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) , CTAA16.88 tumor antigen, CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, cyclic ADP ribose hy-drolase, cyclin B1, CYP1B1, cytomegalovirus, cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B, Dabigatran, DLL3 (delta-like-ligand 3) , DLL4 (delta-like-ligand 4) , DPP4 (dipeptidyl-peptidase 4) , DR5 (feath recep-tor 5) , E. coli shiga toxin type-1, E. coli shiga toxin type-2, ED-B, EGFL7 (EGF-like domain-con-taining protein 7) , EGFR, EGFRII, EGFRvIII, endoglin, endothelin B receptor, endotoxin, EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) , EphA2, Episialin, ERBB2 (epidermal growth factor receptor 2) , ERBB3, ERG (TMPRSS2 ETS fusion gene) , Escherichia coli, ETV6-AML, FAP (fibroblast activa-tion protein alpha) , FCGR1, alpha-Fetoprotein, Fibrin II, beta chain, fibronectin extra domain-B, FOLR (folate receptor) , folate receptor alpha, folate hydrolase, Fos-related antigen 1F protein of respiratory syncytial virus, frizzled receptor, fucosyl GM1, GD2 ganglioside, G-28 (a cell surface antigen glyvolipid) , GD3 idiotype, GloboH, glypican 3, N-glycolylneuraminic acid, GM3, GMCSF receptor α-chain, growth differentiation factor 8, GP100, GPNMB (trans-membrane glycoprotein NMB) , GUCY2C (guanylate cyclase 2C, guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) , intestinal fuanylate cyclase, fuanylate cyclase-C receptor, heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (hSTAR) ) , heat shock proteins, he-magglutinin, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B virus, HER1 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 1) , HER2, HER2 / neu, HER3 (ERBB-3) , IgG4, HGF / SF (Hepatocyte growth factor / scatter factor) , HHGFR, HIV-1, histone complex, HLA-DR (human leukocyte antigen) , HLA-DR10, HLA-DRB , HMWMAA, human chorionic gonadotropin, HNGF, human scatter factor receptor kinase, HPV E6 / E7, Hsp90, hTERT, ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) , idiotype, IGF1R (IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) , IGHE, IFN-γ, Influenza hemagglutinin, IgE, IgE Fc region, IGHE, interleukins (comprising IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-6R, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, or IL-28) , IL31RA, ILGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) , Integrins (α4, αIIbβ3, αvβ3, α4β7, α5β1, α6β4, α7β7, αllβ3, α5β5, αvβ5) , interferon gamma-induced protein, ITGA2, ITGB2, KIR2D, Kappa Ig, LCK, Le, Legumain, Lewis-Y antigen, LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, CD11a) , LHRH, LINGO-1, lipoteichoic acid, LIV1A, LMP2, LTA, MAD-CT-1, MAD-CT-2, MAGE-1, MAGE-2, MAGE-3, MAGE A1, MAGE A3, MAGE 4, MART1, MCP-1, MIF (macrophage migra-tion inhibitory factor, or glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) ) , MS4A1 (membrane-spanning 4-do-mains subfamily A member 1) , MSLN (mesothelin) , MUC1 (Mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1) or polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) ) , MUC1-KLH, MUC16 (CA125) , MCP1 (mono-cyte chemotactic protein 1) , MelanA / MART1, ML-IAP, MPG, MS4A1 (membrane-spanning 4-do-mains subfamily A) , MYCN, myelin-associated glycoprotein, myostatin, NA17, NARP-1, NCA-90 (granulocyte antigen) , Nectin-4 (ASG-22ME) , NGF, neural apoptosis-regulated proteinase 1, NOGO-A, Notch receptor, nucleolin, neu oncogene product, NY-BR-1, NY-ESO-1, OX-40, Ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) , OY-TES1, P21, p53 nonmutant, P97, Page4, PAP, para-tope of anti- (N-glycolylneuraminic acid) , PAX3, PAX5, PCSK9, PDCD1 (PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1) , PDGF-Rα (Alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor) , PDGFR-β, PDL-1, PLAC1, PLAP-like testicular alkaline phosphatase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, phosphate-sodium co-transporter, PMEL 17, polysialic acid, proteinase3 (PR1) , prostatic carci-noma, PS (Phosphatidylserine) , prostatic carcinoma cells, pseudomonas aeruginosa, PSMA, PSA, PSCA, rabies virus glycoprotein, RHD (Rh polypeptide 1 (RhPI) ) , Rhesus factor, RANKL, RhoC, Ras mutant, RGS5, ROBO4, respiratory syncytial virus, RON, ROR1, Sarcoma translocation break-points, SART3, sclerostin, SLAMF7 (SLAM family member 7) , Selectin P, SDC1 (Syndecan 1) , sLe (a) , Somatomedin C, SIP (Sphingosine-1-phosphate) , Somatostatin, sperm protein 17, SSX2, STEAP1 (six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1) , STEAP2, STn, TAG-72 (tumor associated glycoprotein 72) , Survivin, T-cell receptor, T cell transmembrane protein, TEM1 (Tumor endothelial marker 1) , TENB2, Tenascin C (TN-C) , TGF-α, TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) , TGF-β1, TGF-β2 (transforming growth factor-beta 2) , Tie (CD202b) , Tie2, TIM-1 (CDX-014) , Tn, TNF, TNF-α, TNFRSF8, TNFRSF10B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily mem-ber 10B) , TNFRSF-13B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B) , TPBG (tropho-blast glycoprotein) , TRAIL-R1 (tumor necrosis apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1) , TRAILR2 (death receptor 5 (DR5) ) , tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2, tumor specific glycosyla-tion of MUC1, TWEAK receptor, TYRP1 (glycoprotein 75) , TRP-1 (Trop-1) , TRP-2 (Trop-2) , tyro-sinase, VCAM-1, VEGF, VEGF-A, VEGF-2, VEGFR-1, VEGFR2, or vimentin, WT1, XAGE 1, or cells expressing any insulin growth factor receptors, or any epidermal growth factor receptors.20.The tumor cell according to claim 19 is selected from the group consisting of lymphoma cells, myeloma cells, renal cells, breast cancer cells, prostate cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells, colo-rectal cancer cells, gastric cancer cells, squamous cancer cells, small-cell lung cancer cells, none small-cell lung cancer cells, testicular cancer cells, malignant cells, or any cells that grow and di-vide at an unregulated, quickened pace to cause cancers.21.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the conju-gate compounds of any one of claim 1, 3, 4, or 16, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, carrier, diluent, or excipient therefore, or a combination of the conjugates thereof, for use in the treatment or prevention of a cancer.22.The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21 is either in the liquid formula or in the formulated lyophilized solid, comprising by weight of: 0.01%-99%of one or more conjugates of any one of claim 1, 3, 4, or 16; 0.0%-20.0%of one or more polyols; 0.0%-2.0%of one or more surfactants; 0.0%-5.0%of one or more preservatives; 0.0%-30%of one or more amino acids; 0.0%-5.0%of one or more antioxidants; 0.0%-0.3%of one or more metal chelating agents; 0.0%-0.5%of hyaluronidase with activity of >500 u / mg; 0.0%-30.0%of one or more buffer salts for adjusting pH of the formulation to pH 4.5 to 7.5; and 0.0%-30.0%of one or more of isotonic agent for adjusting osmotic pressure bewteen about 250 to 350 mOsm when reconstituted for administra-tion to a patient;wherein the polyol is selected from fructose, mannose, maltose, lactose, arabinose, xylose, ri-bose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbose, melezitose, raffinose, mannitol, xyli-tol, erythritol, maltitol, lactitol, erythritol, threitol, sorbitol, glycerol, or L-gluconate and its metallic salts) ;wherein the surfactant is selected from polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 65, poly-sorbate 80, polysorbate 81, or polysorbate 85, poloxamer, poly (ethylene oxide) -poly (propylene ox-ide) , polyethylene-polypropylene, Triton; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) , sodium laurel sulfate; so-dium octyl glycoside; lauryl-, myristyl-, linoleyl-, or stearyl-sulfobetaine; lauryl-, myristyl-, linoleyl-or stearyl-sarcosine; linoleyl-, myristyl-, or cetyl-betaine; lauroamidopropyl-, cocamidopropyl-, lino-leamidopropyl-, myristamidopropyl-, palmidopropyl-, or isostearamidopropyl-betaine (lauroami-dopropyl) ; myristamidopropyl-, palmidopropyl-, or isostearamidopropyl-dimethylamine; sodium methyl cocoyl-, or disodium methyl oleyl-taurate; dodecyl betaine, dodecyl dimethylamine oxide, cocamidopropyl betaine and coco ampho glycinate; or isostearyl ethylimidonium ethosulfate; poly-ethyl glycol, polypropyl glycol, and copolymers of ethylene and propylene glycol;wherein the preservative is selected from benzyl alcohol, octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, hexamethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, phenol, butyl and benzyl alcohol, alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben, catechol, resorcinol, cyclohexanol, 3-pentanol, or m-cresol;wherein the amino acid is selected from arginine, cystine, glycine, lysine, histidine, ornithine, isoleucine, leucine, alanine, glycine glutamic acid or aspartic acid;wherein the antioxidant is selected from ascorbic acid, glutathione, cystine or and methionine;wherein the chelating agent is selected from EDTA or EGTA;wherein the buffer salt is selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, or trihydroxyethyla-mino salts of citric acid, ascorbic acid, gluconic acid, carbonic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid or phthalic acid; Tris or tromethamine hydrochloride, phosphate or sulfate; arginine, glycine, glycylglycine, or histidine with anionic acetate, chloride, phosphate, sulfate, or succinate salts;wherein the tonicity agent is selected from mannitol, sorbitol, sodium acetate, potassium chlo-ride, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, trisodium citrate, or sodium chloride.23.The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 21 or 22, is packed in a vial, bottle, pre-filled syringe, or pre-filled auto-injector syringe, in a form of a liquid or lyophilized solid.24.The conjugate of Claim 1, 3, 4, or 16, or in the form of the pharmaceutical composition of Claim 21 or 22, having in vitro, in vivo or ex vivo cell killing activity.25.A pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 21 or 22, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered concurrently with a chemotherapeutic agent, a radiation therapy, an immunotherapy agent, an autoimmune disorder agent, an anti-infectious agent or the other conju-gates for use in the synergistical treatment or prevention of a cancer or a refractory disease.26.The agent for use in the synergistical treatment or prevention of a refractory disease according to claim 25 are selected from one or several of the following drugs: Abatacept, Abiraterone acetate, Abraxane, Acetaminophen / hydrocodone, Acalabrutinib, Adagrasib, Aducanumab, Adalimumab, ADXS31-142, ADXS-HER2, Afamitresgene autoleucel, Afatinib dimaleate, Aldesleukin, Alectinib, Alemtuzumab, Alitretinoin, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, Amivantamab, Amphetamine / dextroam-phetamine, Anastrozole, Anktiva, Aripiprazole, anthracyclines, Aripiprazole, Asciminib, Atazanavir, Atezolizumab, Atorvastatin, Avelumab, Axatilimab, Axicabtagene ciloleucel, Axitinib, Belinostat, BCG Live, Belzutifan, Bevacizumab, Bexarotene, Blinatumomab, Bortezomib, Bosutinib, Brentuxi-mab vedotin, Brigatinib, Budesonide, Budesonide / formoterol, Buprenorphine, Cabazitaxel, Cabozantinib, Capivasertib, Capmatinib, Capecitabine, Carfilzomib, chimeric antigen receptor-engi-neered T (CAR-T) cells, Celecoxib, Ceritinib, Cetuximab, Chidamide, Ciclosporin, Cinacalcet, Cri-zotinib, Cobimetinib, Cosentyx, Cosibelimab, Crizotinib, CTL019, Dabigatran, Dabrafenib, Dacarbazine, Daclizumab, Dacomotinib, Daptomycin, Daratumumab, Darbepoetin alfa, Darunavir, Dasatinib, Datopotamab deruxtecan, Denileukin diftitox, Denosumab, Depakote, Dexlansoprazole, Dexmethylphenidate, Dexamethasone, Dinutuximab, Disoproxil fumarate, Dostarlimab, Doxycy-cline, Duloxetine, Duvelisib, Durvalumab, Eflornithine, Elacestrant, Elotuzumab, Emtricitabine / Rilpivirine / Tenofovir, Emtricitbine / tenofovir / efavirenz, Encorafenib, Encorafenib / Cetuxi-mab / mFOLFOX6, Enfortumab vedotin, Enoxaparin, Ensartinib, Entrectinib, Enzalutamide, Epcori-tamab, Epoetin alfa, Erlotinib, Esomeprazole, Eszopiclone, Etanercept, Everolimus, Exemestane, Everolimus, Exenatide ER, Ezetimibe, Ezetimibe / simvastatin, Fenofibrate, Filgrastim, Fingolimod, Fluticasone propionate, Fluticasone / salmeterol, Fruquintinib, Fulvestrant, Gazyva, Gefitinib, Glati-ramer, Glofitamab, Goserelin acetate, Icotinib, Imatinib, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Ibrutinib, Idelalisib, Ifosfamide, Inavolisib, Infliximab, Imiquimod, ImmuCyst, Immuno BCG, Iniparib, Inotuzumab ozo-gamicin, Insulin aspart, Insulin detemir, Insulin glargine, Insulin lispro, Interferon alfa, Interferon alfa-1b, Interferon alfa-2a, Interferon alfa-2b, Interferon beta, Interferon beta 1a, Interferon beta 1b, Interferon gamma-1a, Iapatinib, Lazertinib, Ipilimumab, Ipratropium bromide / salbutamol, Ivonesci-mab, Ixazomib, Kanuma, Lanreotide acetate, Lenalidomide, Lenaliomide, Lenvatinib mesylate, Let-rozole, Levothyroxine, Levothyroxine, Lidocaine, Lifileucel, Linezolid, Liraglutide, Lisdexamfeta-mine, LN-144, Lorlatinib, Lurbinectedin, Memantine, Methylphenidate, Metoprolol, Mekinist, Mericitabine / Rilpivirine / Tenofovir, Mirvetuximab soravtansine, Mobocertinib, Modafinil, Momet-asone, Mosunetuzumab, Mycidac-C, Nadofaragene firadenovec, Necitumumab, Neratinib, Nilotinib, Niraparib, Nirogacestat, Nivolumab, Obecabtagene autoleucel, Ofatumumab, Obinutuzumab, Olaparib, Olmesartan, Olmesartan / hydrochlorothiazide, Olutasidenib, Omalizumab, Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters, Omidubicel, Oncorine, Oseltamivir, Osimertinib, Oxycodone, Palbociclib, Palivi-zumab, Panitumumab, Panobinostat, Pazopanib, Pembrolizumab, PD-1 antibody, PD-L1 antibody, Pemetrexed, Pertuzumab, Pirtobrutinib, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Polatuzumab vedotin, Pomalidomide, Ponatinib, Poziotinib, Pralsetinib, Pregabalin, ProscaVax, Propranolol, Quetiapine, Quizartinib, Rabeprazole, Radium 223 chloride, Raloxifene, Raltegravir, Ramucirumab, Ranibi-zumab, Regorafenib, Relatlimab, Remestemcel-L, Repotrectinib, Retifanlimab, Revumenib, Ribo-ciclib, Rituximab, Rivaroxaban, Romidepsin, Rosuvastatin, Ruxolitinib phosphate, Sacituzumab govitecan, Salbutamol, Savolitinib, Selpercatinib, Semaglutide, Sevelamer, Sildenafil, Siltuximab, Sipuleucel-T, Sitagliptin, Sitagliptin / metformin, Solifenacin, Solanezumab, Sonidegib, Sorafenib, Sotorasib, Sunitinib, Tacrolimus, Tacrimus, Tadalafil, Tafinlar, Talimogene laherparepvec, Tala-zoparib, Telaprevir, Talazoparib, Talquetamab, Tamoxifen, Tebentafusp, Temozolomide, Temsiroli-mus, Tenofovir / emtricitabine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Testosterone gel, Thalidomide, TICE BCG, Tiotropium bromide, Tisagenlecleucel, Tisotumab vedotin, Toremifene, Trametinib, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Trabectedin (ecteinascidin 743) , Trametinib, Tremelimumab, Trifluridine / tipiracil, Tretinoin, Tucatinib, Uro-BCG, Ustekinumab, Valsartan, Veliparib, Vandetanib, Vemurafenib, Venetoclax, Vorasidenib, Vorinostat, Ziv-aflibercept, Zos-tavax, Zanidatamab, Zanubrutinib, Zenocutuzumab, Zolbetuximab, Zurzuvae, and their analogs, de-rivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, carriers, diluents or excipients thereof or a combination above thereof.
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