Antenna unit, radio frequency unit, antenna system and base station

Abstract

Provided in the present application are an antenna unit, a radio frequency unit, an antenna system and a base station. The antenna unit comprises a metasurface radiation structure and a ground plane; the ground plane and the metasurface radiation structure are stacked in a first direction and are spaced apart; the ground plane is provided with at least two through hole groups; the at least two through hole groups comprise a first through hole group and a second through hole group; the first through hole group is used for providing a first feed array corresponding to a first radio frequency unit; the second through hole group is used for providing a second feed array corresponding to a second radio frequency unit; the first feed array and the second feed array can both be used for exciting the metasurface radiation structure, which then radiates radio frequency signals. The antenna unit provided by the present application can satisfy use requirements in different application scenarios, thus being widely applicable.

Description

Antenna unit, radio frequency unit, antenna system and base station

[0001] The present application claims priority from the Chinese patent application No. 202410669267.3 filed on May 24, 2024, and entitled "Antenna unit, radio frequency unit, antenna system and base station", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular to an antenna unit, a radio frequency unit, an antenna system and a base station. BACKGROUND

[0003] The base station antenna is the basis of current mobile communication and plays an important role in mobile communication. In order to meet the working requirements in different application scenarios, the base station antenna is developing towards multi-frequency. However, the current layout scheme of the base station antenna is difficult to conveniently and flexibly configure any different working frequency bands according to different use requirements, and the applicability is poor. SUMMARY

[0004] The antenna unit, the radio frequency unit, the antenna system and the base station provided by the embodiments of the present application solve the problem that the layout scheme of the base station antenna in the prior art is difficult to conveniently and flexibly configure any different working frequency bands according to different use requirements, and the applicability is poor.

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna unit, which comprises a metasurface radiation structure and a ground layer. The ground layer and the metasurface radiation structure are stacked and spaced apart in a first direction. The ground layer is provided with at least two through hole groups, and the at least two through hole groups comprise a first through hole group and a second through hole group. The first through hole group is used for arranging a first feed array corresponding to a first radio frequency unit, and the second through hole group is used for arranging a second feed array corresponding to a second radio frequency unit. The first feed array and the second feed array can be used to excite the metasurface radiation structure to radiate radio frequency signals.

[0006] The different hole groups are arranged on the stratum of the antenna unit, and are used for plugging and unplugging the feed array of the corresponding radio frequency unit, so that the feed array of the radio frequency unit of any frequency band can be selectively passed through the corresponding hole group on the stratum, a configurable radio frequency unit is realized, different signals are excited on the metasurface radiation structure, and accordingly configured radio frequency units can be flexibly selected as required, so that the antenna unit works in different frequency bands. When other working frequency bands need to be replaced, the original configurable radio frequency unit of the frequency band can be removed, and the configurable radio frequency unit of other frequency bands can be reinstalled. When other working frequency bands need to be added, the configurable radio frequency unit of other frequency bands can be continuously installed on the original structure, or the original configurable radio frequency unit can be removed first, and then the configurable radio frequency unit of other frequency bands can be installed, so that the configuration of any working frequency band is conveniently and flexibly realized. Therefore, the antenna unit provided in the application can meet the use requirements in different application scenarios, and has a wide range of applications.

[0007] In a possible implementation manner, the first hole group includes a plurality of first holes arranged in an array, and the second hole group includes a plurality of second holes arranged in an array, and the plurality of first holes and the plurality of second holes are staggered and spaced.

[0008] By using the above scheme, the first holes and the second holes are arranged in a cross manner on the stratum, and in a part of the area, the first holes and the second holes coexist, the first feed part of the first feed array can pass through the area, and the second feed part of the second feed array can also pass through the area, the layout area of the stratum is fully utilized, and the size of the stratum in the plane perpendicular to the first direction can be reduced.

[0009] In a possible implementation manner, the first feed array passing through the first hole group is used to excite a first area of the metasurface radiation structure, and the second feed array passing through the second hole group is used to excite a second area of the metasurface radiation structure. The first area and the second area are independent of each other or partially or completely overlap.

[0010] By using the above scheme, the metal patch units in the first area can be excited by the first feed array to generate signals of a corresponding frequency band. The metal patch units in the second area can be excited by the second feed array to generate signals of a corresponding frequency band.

[0011] In a possible implementation manner, an area of a normal projection area of the first area on a plane where a first surface of the metasurface radiation structure is located is less than or equal to an area of the first surface, an area of a normal projection area of the second area on the plane where the first surface of the metasurface radiation structure is located is less than or equal to the area of the first surface, and the first surface is a surface of the metasurface radiation structure facing the stratum.

[0012] With the above scheme, all the metal patch units on the super surface radiation structure can be excited by the first and second feed arrays, or only a part of them can be excited by the first and second feed arrays.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the first and second sets of through holes are independently arranged, or at least one first through hole in the first set of through holes is the same as at least one second through hole in the second set of through holes, that is, at least one through hole on the ground layer can be used as a first through hole or a second through hole, so as to reduce the number of openings on the ground layer and simplify the structure.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the antenna unit further includes a third feed array, the third feed array is configured to be coupled to a third radio frequency unit, and the third feed array is arranged opposite to the super surface radiation structure in the first direction and coupled to the super surface radiation structure. The working frequency range of the third radio frequency unit is different from at least one of the working frequency range of the first radio frequency unit or the working frequency range of the second radio frequency unit.

[0015] With the above scheme, the third feed array is located inside the antenna unit and used as a whole with the antenna unit to excite the super surface radiation structure, so as to provide a basic working frequency range for the antenna unit.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the center frequency of the working frequency range of the third radio frequency unit is lower than the center frequency of the working frequency range of the first radio frequency unit and the center frequency of the working frequency range of the second radio frequency unit.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the third feed array is located between the ground layer and the super surface radiation structure in the first direction.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the third feed array is configured to excite a third region of the super surface radiation structure, and the area of the orthographic projection of the third region on the plane where the first surface is located is less than or equal to the area of the first surface, the first surface being a surface of the super surface radiation structure facing the ground layer. The third region partially overlaps or completely overlaps the first region of the super surface radiation structure, and / or the third region partially overlaps or completely overlaps the second region of the super surface radiation structure.

[0019] With the above scheme, the metal patch units in the third region can be excited by the third feed array to transmit signals in the third frequency range.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the third feed array includes a plurality of third feed portions arranged in an array, and the projections of the plurality of third feed portions on the ground layer are staggered and spaced apart from the plurality of first through holes and the plurality of second through holes in the first direction.

[0021] By adopting the scheme, the area utilization of the metasurface radiation structure can be improved, and the size of the antenna unit can be reduced.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the first through holes and the second through holes are arranged on the outer periphery of the projection of the at least one third feeding portion on the stratum along the first direction.

[0023] By adopting the scheme, the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion are arranged on the outer periphery of the third feeding portion, so that the area of the metasurface radiation structure corresponding to the third feeding portion can be excited by the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the first feeding array includes first feeding portions arranged in an array, the first area of the metasurface radiation structure includes a plurality of first sub-areas arranged correspondingly to the plurality of first through holes, the first feeding portion passing through the first through hole is used to excite a corresponding first sub-area, and the projection of the first through hole on the metasurface radiation structure along the first direction is a first projection point, which is located in the corresponding first sub-area.

[0025] The second feeding array includes second feeding portions arranged in an array, the second area of the metasurface radiation structure includes a plurality of second sub-areas arranged correspondingly to the plurality of second through holes, the second feeding portion passing through the second through hole is used to excite a corresponding second sub-area, and the projection of the second through hole on the metasurface radiation structure along the first direction is a second projection point, which is located in the corresponding second sub-area.

[0026] The third area of the metasurface radiation structure includes a plurality of third sub-areas arranged correspondingly to the plurality of third feeding portions, the third feeding portion is used to excite a corresponding third sub-area, and the projection of the third feeding portion on the metasurface radiation structure along the first direction is a third projection point, which is located in the corresponding third sub-area. At least one third sub-area covers at least one first projection point and at least one second projection point.

[0027] By adopting the scheme, the metal patch unit in the third sub-area can also be excited by the first feeding portion and / or the second feeding portion, so that the aperture utilization of the metasurface radiation structure can be improved.

[0028] In a possible implementation, in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the first projection point is located at the center of the first sub-area where the first projection point is located, the second projection point is located at the center of the second sub-area where the second projection point is located, and the third projection point is located at the center of the third sub-area where the third projection point is located, which is conducive to improving the coverage of the coupling range of the feeding portion.

[0029] In a possible implementation, when the outer peripheral side of the third projection point is provided with the first projection point and the second projection point, the third sub-region where the third projection point is located covers two rows of the first projection points arranged at intervals along the third direction and two rows of the second projection points arranged at intervals along the third direction, and the two rows of the first projection points and the two rows of the second projection points are respectively arranged on both sides of the third projection point in the third direction.

[0030] Further, the at least one row of the first projection points includes n1 first projection points arranged at intervals along the second direction, n1 being an integer obtained by rounding f1 / f3; the at least one row of the second projection points includes n2 second projection points arranged at intervals along the second direction, n2 being an integer obtained by rounding f2 / f3; f1 is a center frequency of a working frequency band of the first radio frequency unit, f2 is a center frequency of a working frequency band of the second radio frequency unit, and f3 is a center frequency of a working frequency band of the third radio frequency unit. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other in pairs.

[0031] By using the above scheme, the quantity ratio of the first projection point to the third projection point is positively correlated with the frequency ratio of the two, the first sub-region where each first projection point is located in the second direction can completely cover the third sub-region, and the aperture utilization rate is relatively high. When the quantity ratio of the second projection point to the third projection point is positively correlated with the frequency ratio of the two, the second sub-region where each second projection point is located in the second direction can completely cover the third sub-region, and the aperture utilization rate is relatively high.

[0032] In a possible implementation, the wavelength corresponding to f1 is λ1, the wavelength corresponding to f2 is λ2, and the wavelength corresponding to f3 is λ3.

[0033] In the first sub-region, the distance between the first projection point and the edge of the first sub-region in the second direction is S1, 0.25λ1≤S1≤0.5λ1, and the distance between the first projection point and the edge of the first sub-region in the third direction is S2, 0.5λ1≤S2≤λ1.

[0034] In the second sub-region, the distance between the second projection point and the edge of the second sub-region in the second direction is L1, 0.25λ2≤L1≤0.5λ2, and the distance between the second projection point and the edge of the second sub-region in the third direction is L2, 0.5λ2≤L2≤λ2.

[0035] In the third sub-region, the distance between the third projection point and the edge of the third sub-region in the second direction is H1, 0.25λ3≤H1≤0.5λ3, and the distance between the third projection point and the edge of the third sub-region in the third direction is H2, 0.5λ3≤H2≤λ3.

[0036] The distance between two adjacent first projection points in the second direction is d1, and 0.25λ1≤d1≤0.75λ1. The distance between two adjacent first projection points in the third direction is d2, and 0.25λ1≤d2≤λ1. The distance between two adjacent third projection points in the second direction is d3, and 0.25λ3≤d3≤λ3. The distance between two adjacent second projection points in the second direction is d4, and 0.25λ2≤d4≤0.75λ2. The distance between two adjacent second projection points in the third direction is d5, and 0.25λ2≤d5≤λ2.

[0037] By adopting the above scheme, the isolation degree between the sub-regions where the adjacent projection points are located can be improved on the basis of ensuring the radiation range.

[0038] In a possible implementation, at least part of the adjacent third projection points in the plurality of third projection points are provided with an isolation structure, and the isolation structure is grounded.

[0039] By adopting the above scheme, the isolation structure is arranged between the third sub-regions where the adjacent third projection points are located, the isolation structure has a reflection function for electromagnetic waves, and the isolation degree between different regions on the metasurface radiation structure can be improved, and the efficiency of the antenna system can be improved.

[0040] In a possible implementation, the isolation structure is arranged between at least two adjacent third projection points in the plurality of third projection points.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the isolation structure is arranged between any adjacent third projection points in the plurality of third projection points.

[0042] In a possible implementation, the isolation structure is a metal plate, and in the first direction, one side of the metal plate is connected with the ground layer, and the other side is connected with the metasurface radiation structure or coupled through a gap.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the isolation structure is an electromagnetic bandgap structure, and one end of the electromagnetic bandgap structure is connected with the ground layer, and the other end is connected with the metasurface radiation structure or coupled through a gap.

[0044] The embodiment of the present application further provides a radio frequency unit, which comprises a radio frequency circuit and a feed array coupled.

[0045] The radio frequency unit provided by the embodiment of the present application is a configurable radio frequency unit, and the working frequency band of the antenna unit can be replaced.

[0046] In a possible implementation, the feed array comprises a plurality of feed parts arranged in an array, the radio frequency circuit comprises a filter corresponding to the feed part, and the feed part is coupled with the corresponding filter.

[0047] In a possible implementation, the feeding portion includes a feeding sheet and a connecting pin, one end of the connecting pin is connected with the feeding sheet, and the other end of the connecting pin is coupled with the filter. The connecting pin facilitates plugging and unplugging.

[0048] The embodiments of the present application further provide an antenna system, which comprises the antenna unit provided by any of the above embodiments, and further comprises:

[0049] The first radio frequency unit adopts the radio frequency unit provided by any of the above embodiments, the feeding array of the first radio frequency unit is a first feeding array, the first feeding array penetrates through the first set of through holes of the antenna unit, and the first feeding array is arranged in the first direction and is spaced apart from the metasurface radiation structure and is coupled with the metasurface radiation structure. And / or,

[0050] The second radio frequency unit adopts the radio frequency unit provided by any of the above embodiments, the feeding array of the second radio frequency unit is a second feeding array, the second feeding array penetrates through the second set of through holes of the antenna unit, and the second feeding array is arranged in the first direction and is spaced apart from the metasurface radiation structure and is coupled with the metasurface radiation structure.

[0051] The antenna system provided by the embodiments of the present application is configured with the first radio frequency unit and the second radio frequency unit, which are replaceable, so as to realize more frequency band combinations.

[0052] In a possible implementation, the antenna system further comprises a radome, and the antenna unit is arranged in the radome.

[0053] When the antenna system comprises the first radio frequency unit, the first radio frequency unit further comprises a first transceiver board, and the first feeding array is connected to the first transceiver board. When the antenna system comprises the second radio frequency unit, the second radio frequency unit further comprises a second transceiver board, and the second feeding array is connected to the second transceiver board. When the antenna system comprises the first radio frequency unit and the second radio frequency unit, the first transceiver board of the first radio frequency unit and the second transceiver board of the second radio frequency unit are the same transceiver board or different transceiver boards.

[0054] The working frequency band of the first radio frequency unit is different from the working frequency band of the second radio frequency unit.

[0055] In a possible implementation, when the antenna system comprises the first radio frequency unit, the first radio frequency unit further comprises a first housing, the first transceiver board is arranged in the first housing, and the first housing is detachably fixed outside the radome.

[0056] When the antenna system comprises the second radio frequency unit, the second radio frequency unit further comprises a second housing, the second transceiver board is arranged in the second housing, and the second housing is detachably fixed outside the radome.

[0057] When the antenna system comprises the first radio frequency unit and the second radio frequency unit, the first shell and the second shell are the same shell or different shells.

[0058] In a possible implementation, the antenna system further comprises a third radio frequency unit, and the third radio frequency unit is arranged outside the radome.

[0059] The embodiment of the present application further provides a base station comprising the antenna system provided by any of the above embodiments.

[0060] The base station provided by the embodiment of the present application can meet the use requirements in different application scenarios, and has a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0061] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of an antenna system;

[0062] FIGS. 2a and 2b are schematic diagrams of scenarios of the base station according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIGS. 3a to 3c are schematic diagrams of the radio frequency unit (configurable radio frequency unit) according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a first implementation of the antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the first implementation of the antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present application in a second direction, wherein the first through hole and the second through hole are shown;

[0066] FIG. 4c is a schematic diagram of a structure of a ground layer of the antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIGS. 5a to 5c are schematic diagrams of a structure of the antenna unit cooperating with the first radio frequency unit according to the embodiment of the present application, and the ground layer is for the first feed array to pass through;

[0068] FIGS. 6a to 6c are schematic diagrams of a structure of the antenna unit cooperating with the second radio frequency unit according to the embodiment of the present application, and the ground layer is for the second feed array to pass through;

[0069] FIGS. 7a to 7c are schematic diagrams of a structure of the antenna unit cooperating with the first radio frequency unit and the second radio frequency unit according to the embodiment of the present application, and the ground layer is for the first feed array and the second feed array to pass through;

[0070] FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a first implementation of the antenna system according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0071] FIG. 8b is a schematic diagram of an architecture of the first implementation of the antenna system according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a second implementation of the antenna system according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0073] Fig. 9b is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a second embodiment of the antenna system according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0074] Fig. 10a is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a third embodiment of the antenna system according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0075] Fig. 10b is a schematic diagram of an architecture of the third embodiment of the antenna system according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0076] Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of a metasurface radiation structure of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0077] Figs. 12a and 12b are schematic diagrams of positions of a first projection point and a second projection point in the metasurface radiation structure of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0078] Fig. 13a is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a second embodiment of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0079] Fig. 13b is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second embodiment of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application cooperating with a third radio frequency unit;

[0080] Fig. 13c is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the second embodiment of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application in a second direction, wherein a first through hole and a second through hole are shown;

[0081] Fig. 13d is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the first embodiment of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application in the second direction, wherein a third feeding part is shown;

[0082] Fig. 13e is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the first embodiment of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application in a third direction, wherein the first through hole and the third feeding part are shown;

[0083] Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of an isolation structure of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0084] Figs. 15a to 15d are schematic diagrams of positions of a first projection point, a second projection point and a third projection point in the metasurface radiation structure of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0085] Figs. 16a and 16b are schematic diagrams of connections of a third feeding array and a third radio frequency unit of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0086] Figs. 17a and 17b are schematic diagrams of another isolation structure of the antenna unit according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0087] Fig. 18a is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a fourth embodiment of the antenna system according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0088] Fig. 18b is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment of the antenna system of the present application;

[0089] Fig. 18c is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit in the fifth embodiment of the antenna system of the present application, wherein a third feeding part is shown.

[0090] Legend: 01, antenna system; 010, radio frequency unit; 0100, radio frequency transceiver; 0101, radio frequency circuit; 0102, filter; 0103, transceiver single board; 011, feeding network; 0110, transmission line structure; 0111, power divider; 020, antenna unit; 0200, antenna element; 100, antenna unit; 1, metasurface radiation structure; 11, first surface; 15, first projection point; 16, second projection point; 17, third projection point; 171, third sub-projection point one; 172, third sub-projection point two; 18, metal layer; 181, metal patch unit; 2, ground layer; 21, first through hole group; 210, first through hole; 22, second through hole group; 220, second through hole; 23, projection; 31, third feeding array; 311, third feeding part; 3111, third sub-feeding part one; 3112, third sub-feeding part two; 331, metal sheet; 332, pin; 4, isolation structure; 41, metal plate; 42, isolation sheet; 43, grounding member; 44, outer frame; 200, antenna system; 60, radio frequency unit; 600, radio frequency transceiver; 601, radio frequency circuit; 602, filter; 603, transceiver single board; 604, housing; 605, feeding array; 6050, feeding part; 6051, feeding sheet; 6052, connecting pin; 61, first radio frequency unit; 610, radio frequency transceiver; 611, radio frequency circuit; 612, filter; 613, first transceiver single board; 614, first housing; 615, first feeding array; 6150, first feeding part; 62, second radio frequency unit; 620, radio frequency transceiver; 621, radio frequency circuit; 622, filter; 623, second transceiver single board; 624, second housing; 625, second feeding array; 6250, second feeding part; 63, third radio frequency unit; 631, first sub-radio frequency unit one; 6310, radio frequency port; 632, second sub-radio frequency unit two; 6320, radio frequency port; 300, base station; 71, processing device; 72, radome; 91, holding pole; 92, holding pole support; Z, first direction; X, second direction; Y, third direction; A, first area; A1, first sub-area; B, second area; B1, second sub-area; C, third area; C1, third sub-area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0091] The specific embodiments of the present application will now be described with reference to the drawings. The following description of the embodiments of the present application is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the application, its application or its uses. Although the description of the application will focus on some embodiments, all alternatives and modifications that can be made to the embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the present application. In order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, numerous specific details are described in the following description. The present application can be practiced without these specific details. In addition, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have been omitted in order to avoid obscuring the present application. In addition, some terminology can be used in the description for the sake of brevity.

[0092] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, similar reference numerals and letters in the drawings represent similar items, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it is not necessary to further define and explain it in subsequent drawings.

[0093] Hereinafter, terms that can occur in the embodiments of the present application are explained.

[0094] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and thus cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0095] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", and "connecting" should be broadly understood, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0096] Metasurface material: Metasurface material refers to an artificial layered material with a thickness less than the working wavelength, which is composed of sub-wavelength microstructure units (or "artificial atoms") with specific electromagnetic responses. By reasonably designing the geometric structure, material and other parameters of the microstructure unit, the metasurface can have arbitrary electromagnetic parameters, such as permittivity, permeability, etc., so as to realize flexible regulation of the phase, polarization mode, amplitude and other characteristics of electromagnetic waves.

[0097] The metasurface material can be used to make the radiator (or "antenna unit", "antenna element", "element", "radiating element", etc.) of the antenna to form an antenna with different working performance, such as a multi-polarization antenna. For ease of description, the radiator made of metasurface material will be referred to as a metasurface radiation structure (also referred to as a metasurface radiator) hereinafter.

[0098] Coupling: can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be referred to as "electrical connection", which means that the components are in direct or indirect physical contact and electrically conductive, for example, in the form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through a physical circuit such as a copper foil or a wire on a printed circuit board (PCB) that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction between two conductors through a space / gap without contact. In an embodiment, indirect coupling can also be referred to as capacitive coupling, for example, through the coupling between the gap between two conductive parts to form an equivalent capacitor to realize signal transmission.

[0099] Opposite / relative arrangement: A and B can be arranged opposite to each other, which means that A and B are arranged face to face. For example, when two radiators are arranged opposite to each other, the two radiators are arranged with at least part of the area overlapping in a certain direction. In an embodiment, the two radiators arranged opposite to each other are arranged adjacent to each other without other radiators arranged therebetween, and no conductive body other than the antenna structure is arranged therebetween.

[0100] Radiating body, or radiation structure: is a device used for receiving / sending electromagnetic wave radiation in an antenna. In some cases, "antenna" is understood in a narrow sense as a radiating body, which converts the guided wave energy from a transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator through the feeder, and is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization by the radiator and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a certain direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is delivered to the input end of the receiver through the feeder.

[0101] A radio frequency unit is a circuit unit for receiving and / or transmitting radio frequency signals. The radio frequency unit can include a radio frequency transceiver and a radio frequency circuit (i.e., a radio frequency front end). The radio frequency transceiver can be, for example, a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), and the radio frequency front end can include, for example, filters, radio frequency switches, power amplifiers, low noise amplifiers, and the like. The radio frequency unit has a function of converting radio waves (e.g., radio frequency signals) and electrical signals (e.g., digital signals). In general, it is considered to be a part of a radio frequency.

[0102] In some embodiments, the radio frequency front end circuit can be integrated as a radio frequency front end chip in the electronic device, or the radio frequency front end circuit and the radio frequency transceiver can be integrated as a radio frequency chip in the electronic device.

[0103] Ground / ground layer / floor: can generally refer to at least a part of any ground layer, or ground layer, or ground metal layer, etc. in an electronic device, or at least a part of any combination of the above-mentioned ground layer, or ground layer, or ground component, etc., which can be used for grounding of components in the electronic device. In one embodiment, the "ground / ground layer" can include any one or more of the following: a ground layer of a circuit board of the electronic device, a ground layer formed by a housing of the electronic device, a conductive ground layer of a battery, and a conductive or metallic member in electrical connection with the above-mentioned ground layer / ground layer / metal layer. In one embodiment, the circuit board can include a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12- to 14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or elements separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric or insulating layer such as fiberglass, polymer, etc. In one embodiment, the PCB board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a wiring layer, and the wiring layer and the ground layer are electrically connected by a via. The dielectric substrate in the PCB board can be a medium board using a flame-retardant material (FR-4), or a Rogers medium board, or a hybrid medium board of Rogers and FR-4. In one embodiment, components such as a processor, a memory, a battery, a charging circuit, a system on chip (SoC) structure, etc. can be mounted on or connected to the circuit board; or electrically connected to the wiring layer and / or the ground layer in the circuit board. For example, the radio frequency unit is disposed on the wiring layer.

[0104] Any of the above ground plane, or ground plane, or ground metal layer can be made of a conductive material. In one embodiment, the conductive material can be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver plated copper, silver plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate, and tin plated copper, graphite powder impregnated cloth, graphite coated substrate, copper plated substrate, brass plated substrate, and aluminum plated substrate. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the ground plane / ground plane / ground metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.

[0105] Communication band / operating band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting B40 band has an operating band including frequencies within the range of 2300MHz-2400MHz, or in other words, the operating band of the antenna includes the B40 band.

[0106] The resonant band and the operating band can be the same, or can partially overlap. In one embodiment, one or more resonant bands of an antenna can cover one or more operating bands of the antenna.

[0107] In embodiments of the present application, the wavelength in a certain wavelength mode (such as the half-wavelength mode, etc.) of an antenna can refer to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna. For example, the half-wavelength mode of a suspended metal antenna can produce a resonance in the 1.575GHz band, where the wavelength in the half-wavelength mode refers to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna in the 1.575GHz band.

[0108] Wavelength: or operating wavelength, can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz-1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, the "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to a non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the operating band.

[0109] System efficiency: refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna into space (i.e., the power of the portion effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the input power of the antenna. The system efficiency is the actual efficiency after considering the antenna port matching, i.e., the system efficiency of the antenna is the actual efficiency (i.e., efficiency) of the antenna.

[0110] Isolation: refers to the ratio of the signal transmitted by one antenna and received by another antenna to the signal of the transmitting antenna. Isolation is a physical quantity used to measure the degree of antenna mutual coupling. Assuming that two antennas constitute a two-port network, the isolation between the two antennas is S21, S12 between the antennas. The antenna isolation can be represented by S21, S12 parameters, which also belong to one of the S parameters. S21, S12 parameters are usually negative. The smaller the S21, S12 parameter, the greater the isolation between the antennas, and the smaller the degree of antenna mutual coupling; the larger the S21, S12 parameter, the smaller the isolation between the antennas, and the greater the degree of antenna mutual coupling. The isolation of the antenna depends on the antenna radiation pattern, the spatial distance of the antenna, the antenna gain, etc.

[0111] The parallel, vertical, same (for example, the same length, the same width, and the like) and the like mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are all for the current process level, and not the absolute strict definition in the mathematical sense. There can be a deviation within a predetermined angle range between two radiators that are parallel or vertical to each other. In one embodiment, the predetermined angle is 10°, for example, the deviation can be within ±5°.

[0112] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0113] The base station antenna is the basis of the current mobile communication and occupies an important position in mobile communication. In order to meet the working requirements in different application scenarios, the base station antenna is developing towards multi-frequency. However, the current base station antenna layout scheme is difficult to conveniently and flexibly configure any different working frequency bands according to different use requirements, and the applicability is poor.

[0114] Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an antenna system.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 1, the antenna system 01 includes a radio frequency unit 010, a feed network 011 and an antenna unit 020. The radio frequency unit 010 includes a radio frequency transceiver 0100, a radio frequency circuit 0101 and a transceiver single board 0103, the radio frequency transceiver 0100 and the radio frequency circuit 0101 are integrated on the transceiver single board 0103, and signal transmission is realized through the transceiver single board 0103, the radio frequency circuit 0101 includes a plurality of filters 0102. The feed network 011 includes a plurality of power dividers 0111 and a transmission line structure 0110, the radio frequency unit 010 is connected with the antenna element 020 (i.e. antenna radiator) of the antenna unit 020 through the feed network 011. The signal emitted by the radio frequency transceiver 0100 is transmitted to the antenna element 020 through the filter 0102 and the power divider 0111 in turn, so as to excite the antenna element 020 to radiate electromagnetic waves.

[0116] In the above antenna system 01, various electronic components are connected by transmission lines, and it is difficult to change one unit alone, the flexibility of frequency band configuration is poor, the connection structure is complex, the cost is high, and it is not conducive to the miniaturization design of the antenna system.

[0117] To this end, the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna unit, which can realize the configurability of the radio frequency unit, for example, the first radio frequency unit, the second radio frequency unit and the third radio frequency unit mentioned below, can conveniently and flexibly replace radio frequency units of different frequency bands, realize the configuration of antenna units of any different frequency bands, and has a wider application range. Secondly, the radio frequency unit radiates to the metasurface radiation structure by the way of air feed to form an antenna array, without the need for transmission line connection, the overall structure is more simple, the assembly difficulty is smaller, and the cost is lower.

[0118] The present application also provides a radio frequency unit, an antenna system and a base station, which use the antenna unit and the radio frequency unit provided by the present application, can quickly and conveniently replace radio frequency units of different frequency bands, create products suitable for diversified scenarios, and improve core competitiveness.

[0119] It should be noted that the technical solutions of the present application can be applied to any one or several of the following communication systems: long term evolution (LTE) system, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, universal mobile communication system (UMTS), worldwide microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, 5th generation (5G) system or new radio (NR), device to device (D2D) system, vehicle to everything (V2X) system and future communication system, etc.

[0120] Please refer to FIGS. 2a-2b, which are scene schematic diagrams of the base station of the embodiment of the present application.

[0121] As shown in FIGS. 2a-2b, the embodiments of the present application provide a base station 300, which includes but is not limited to a base station, a radar, a switch, a router, a gateway, a server, a network interface card, a wireless access point, a modem, an optical transceiver, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a wearable device (such as smart glasses, a smart bracelet, a smart watch, wireless earphones, etc.), and the like. Hereinafter, the base station is taken as an example for description, which is used for cell coverage of wireless signals and realizes user terminal equipment and a wireless network.

[0122] The base station can be a device for communicating with terminal equipment, including a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system for mobile communications (GSM) system or a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a NodeB (NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, or the base station can include a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a base station in a future 5G network or a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN) network, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited.

[0123] As shown in FIGS. 2a-2b, the base station is equipped with a base station antenna (belonging to a kind of antenna system) to realize transmission of signals in space. FIG. 2b shows the structural composition of a kind of base station antenna equipped by the base station in FIG. 2a. As shown in FIG. 2b, the base station 300 can be a base station, which can include a guyed mast 91, a guyed mast support 92, a radome 72, an antenna unit 100, a radio frequency unit (for example, the first radio frequency unit 61, the second radio frequency unit 62 and the third radio frequency unit 63 mentioned below, wherein the first radio frequency unit 61 and the second radio frequency unit 62 can adopt a modular radio frequency unit 60, which is also called a configurable radio frequency unit), and a processing device 71. The guyed mast support 92, the radome 72 and the antenna unit 100 can be constituent components of the base station antenna.

[0124] The holding pole 91 can be fixed to the ground. The holding pole support 92 connects the holding pole 91 and the radome 72, and the radome 72 is fixed to the holding pole 91 through the holding pole support 92. The antenna unit 100 can be installed in the radome 72. The radome 72 has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics and environmental weather resistance, and can protect the components installed therein.

[0125] The antenna unit 100 has an antenna array for radiating and receiving antenna signals. The antenna array can include a plurality of antenna units arranged in a certain array, each of which can radiate and receive electromagnetic waves. The antenna unit can include a radiating structure (for example, the metal patch unit 181 on the metasurface radiating structure 1 mentioned below). The radiating structure is used for signal radiation and reception.

[0126] As shown in FIG. 2b, a radio frequency unit (for example, a remote radio unit (RRU)) can transmit signals to the antenna unit 100. The radio frequency unit can be electrically connected to the processing device 71 through a cable. The radio frequency unit 60 and the processing device 71 can perform signal transmission and conversion, and the processing device 71 can be, for example, a building baseband unit (BBU), which is not limited in the present application. It should be noted that the radio frequency unit can be, for example, the first radio frequency unit 61, the second radio frequency unit 62 and the third radio frequency unit 63 mentioned below, wherein the first radio frequency unit 61 and the second radio frequency unit 62 can adopt a modular radio frequency unit 60 (also referred to as a configurable radio frequency unit).

[0127] The structure of the base station shown in FIGS. 2a-2b is only an example, and the structure of the base station in the embodiments of the present application can be flexibly designed according to product requirements, and is not limited to the above. For example, the base station can also not have the holding pole 91, and the radome 72 can be fixed to the iron tower through the holding pole support 92.

[0128] Please refer to FIG. 3a-3c, the embodiment of the present application provides a radio frequency unit 60 (also referred to as a configurable radio frequency unit). As shown in FIG. 3c, the radio frequency unit 60 can include a radio frequency circuit 601 and a feed array 605 coupled thereto, and the feed array 605 is used to radiate electromagnetic waves. Wherein, "radiation" can be understood as transmitting energy into space. When the feed array 605 radiates electromagnetic waves, it can feed the antenna unit 100 in the air, that is, air feed, without the need to connect a transmission line between the antenna unit 100 (see FIG. 2b), so that the radio frequency unit 60 and the antenna unit 100 (see FIG. 2b) can be conveniently disassembled and separated, and other working frequency bands of the radio frequency unit 60 can be replaced, and the working frequency band of the antenna unit 100 (see FIG. 2b) can be changed. It should be noted that one radio frequency unit 60 can provide one working frequency band, and can provide multiple working frequency bands, which is not limited by the present application.

[0129] As shown in FIG. 3c, in a possible implementation, the feed array 605 includes a plurality of feed parts 6050 arranged in an array, the radio frequency circuit 601 includes a filter 602 corresponding to the feed part 6050, and the feed part 6050 is coupled to the corresponding filter 602. Wherein, the number of feed parts 6050 is not limited, and the number and position layout of the feed parts 6050 in the feed array 605 will be described in detail below.

[0130] The structure of the feeding part is not limited. As shown in FIGS. 3a-3c, in a possible implementation, the feeding part 6050 includes a feeding sheet 6051 and a connecting pin 6052, one end of the connecting pin 6052 is connected with the feeding sheet 6051, and the other end is coupled with the filter 602 (see FIG. 3c). It should be noted that the number of connecting pins in each feeding part is not limited. Specifically, the antenna in the antenna unit 100 can be a single-polarized antenna or a dual-polarized antenna. The dual-polarized antenna is an antenna that combines two pairs of polarization directions of +45° and -45° (or 90° and 0°) that are orthogonal to each other, and there are +45° and -45° channels between the radio frequency unit 60, and the dual-polarized antenna can work in a transceiving duplex mode. For example, when the feeding part in the feeding array 605 feeds the dual-polarized antenna array, the radio frequency circuit 601 can include two filters 602 corresponding to each feeding part 6050, each feeding part can be provided with two connecting pins 6052, and the two connecting pins 6052 are coupled with the two filters 602 respectively to transmit signals of two polarization directions. The single-polarized antenna has only one polarization direction and can only work in a single mode. When the feeding part 6050 in the feeding array 605 feeds the single-polarized antenna array, the radio frequency circuit 601 can be provided with one filter 602 for each feeding part 6050, each feeding part can be provided with only one connecting pin 6052, and the one connecting pin 6052 is coupled with the one filter 602 to transmit signals of a single polarization direction. It should be noted that each transmission channel of the antenna unit 100 and the radio frequency unit 60 can include only an input, or only an output, or both an input and an output, which is not limited in the present application.

[0131] As shown in FIG. 3c, in a possible implementation, the radio frequency unit 60 further includes a radio frequency transceiver 600, and the radio frequency transceiver 600 is connected with the corresponding feeding array 605 through the radio frequency circuit 601. The specific type of the radio frequency transceiver 600 is not limited, for example, the radio frequency transceiver 600 can be a radio frequency chip, etc. It should be noted that the form and structure of the radio frequency unit 60 are not limited. In a possible implementation, the radio frequency unit 60 can further include a transceiver single board 603 (TRX, Transceiver), and the radio frequency transceiver 600 is arranged on the transceiver single board 603, and the radio frequency circuit 601 is integrated in the transceiver single board 603. As shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b, in a possible implementation, the radio frequency unit 60 can further include a shell 604, and the transceiver single board 603 is arranged in the shell 604, one end of the feeding array 605 is connected with the transceiver single board 603, and the other end is located outside the shell 604. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the feeding array 605 can also be connected with the transceiver single board 603 in other ways (for example, welding, etc.), which is not limited in the present application.

[0132] In another possible implementation, the radio frequency unit 60 can also not include the shell 604, which is mounted on other components (for example, the radome mentioned below) through the transceiver single board 603, and the application does not limit this.

[0133] As shown in FIGS. 4a-4c, the antenna unit 100 provided by the embodiment of the application includes a metasurface radiation structure 1 and a ground layer 2, and the ground layer 2 is stacked and spaced apart from the metasurface radiation structure 1 in a first direction Z. The first direction Z can be, for example, the thickness direction of the antenna unit 100, and can also be understood as the thickness direction of the ground layer 2, and can also be understood as the thickness direction of the metasurface radiation structure 1. The ground layer 2 is also called a ground plate, a reflection plate, a bottom plate, an antenna panel, etc., and is used to reflect electromagnetic waves, so that the electromagnetic waves of each antenna array are concentrated and radiated in one direction, and can also be used to ground each component.

[0134] The ground layer 2 is provided with at least two through hole groups, including a first through hole group 21 and a second through hole group 22.

[0135] As shown in FIGS. 5a-5c, the first through hole group 21 of the ground layer 2 is used to set a first feed array 615 corresponding to the first radio frequency unit 61, so that the first feed array 615 corresponding to the first radio frequency unit 61 is inserted and pulled through, or can be understood as that the first feed part 6150 in the first feed array 615 is inserted and pulled through. The first feed array 615 is used to excite the metasurface radiation structure 1 to radiate radio frequency signals.

[0136] As shown in FIGS. 6a-6c, the second through hole group 22 is used to set a second feed array 625 corresponding to the second radio frequency unit 62, so that the second feed array 625 corresponding to the second radio frequency unit 62 is inserted and pulled through, or can be understood as that the second feed part 6250 in the second feed array 625 is inserted and pulled through. The second feed array 625 is used to excite the metasurface radiation structure 1 to radiate radio frequency signals.

[0137] It should be noted that the first radio frequency unit 61 and the second radio frequency unit 62 can adopt any one of the possible implementation structures of the radio frequency unit 60 described above.

[0138] Among them, the first through hole group 21 and / or the second through hole group 22 can be selectively inserted and pulled through by the feed array of the corresponding radio frequency unit to excite the metasurface radiation structure 1. In one possible implementation, the working frequency band (hereinafter referred to as the first frequency band) of the first radio frequency unit 61 is different from the working frequency band (hereinafter referred to as the second frequency band) of the second radio frequency unit 62, and the application does not limit the specific working frequency band of each radio frequency unit.

[0139] Exemplarily, as shown in FIGS. 5a-5c, when the first feed array 615 of the first radio frequency unit 61 is selected to pass through the first hole group 21, the metasurface radiation structure 1 can be excited to form a first antenna array, which operates in a first frequency band. As shown in FIGS. 6a-6c, when the second feed array 625 corresponding to the second radio frequency unit 62 is selected to pass through the second hole group 22, the metasurface radiation structure 1 can be excited to form a second antenna array, which operates in a second frequency band. As shown in FIGS. 7a-7c, when the first feed array 615 of the first radio frequency unit 61 is selected to pass through the first hole group 21, and the second feed array 625 corresponding to the second radio frequency unit 62 is selected to pass through the second hole group 22, the metasurface radiation structure 1 can be excited to form the first antenna array and the second antenna array. Therefore, the antenna unit 100 can operate in the first frequency band or the second frequency band, or simultaneously operate in the first frequency band and the second frequency band. If it is required to convert the operating frequency band of the antenna unit 100 from the first frequency band to the second frequency band, it is only required to remove the first hole group 21 corresponding to the first radio frequency unit 61, and then install the second hole group corresponding to the second radio frequency unit 62 on the antenna unit 100.

[0140] As shown in FIGS. 5a-7c, the feed array (for example, the first feed array 615, the second feed array 625, and the third feed array 31 mentioned below) is used to feed the metasurface radiation structure 1, which can mean to power or provide energy to the metasurface radiation structure 1 to form an antenna array on the metasurface radiation structure 1. The feed array can feed signals in the radio frequency circuit to each region of the metasurface radiation structure 1 according to a certain amplitude and phase, or feed signals received from each radiator to the radio frequency unit according to a certain amplitude and phase. Or it can be understood that the feed array is used to feed the metasurface radiation structure 1, or receive signals from the metasurface radiation structure 1. Specifically, the feed array converts the received radio frequency signals into electromagnetic waves, and radiates the electromagnetic waves to the free space. The electromagnetic waves are transmitted for a distance, and then received by the metasurface radiation structure 1 and radiated by the metasurface radiation structure 1, thereby realizing the function of the antenna system 200 to send signals. The metasurface radiation structure 1 can emit electromagnetic waves to the outside world, or receive electromagnetic waves from the outside world.

[0141] As shown in FIGS. 5a-7c, the ground layer 2 of the antenna unit 100 is provided with different hole groups for plugging the feed array 605 of the corresponding radio frequency unit 60, so that the feed array 605 of the radio frequency unit 60 of any frequency band can be selectively inserted through the corresponding hole group on the ground layer 2 to realize a configurable radio frequency unit 60, and different signals can be excited on the metasurface radiation structure 1, so that the corresponding configured radio frequency unit 60 can be flexibly selected according to the needs, and the antenna unit 100 can work in different frequency bands. When it is needed to replace other working frequency bands, the original configurable radio frequency unit 60 of the frequency band can be removed, and the configurable radio frequency unit 60 of other frequency bands can be reinstalled. When it is needed to add other working frequency bands, the configurable radio frequency unit 60 of other frequency bands can be continuously installed on the original structure, or the original configurable radio frequency unit 60 can be removed first, and then the configurable radio frequency unit 60 of other frequency bands can be installed, so that the configuration of any working frequency band can be conveniently and flexibly realized. Therefore, the antenna unit 100 provided by the application can meet the use requirements in different application scenarios, and has a wide range of applications.

[0142] It should be noted that the ground layer 2 can also be provided with more hole groups to match the radio frequency unit 600 of other frequency bands, for example, a third hole group, a fourth hole group, etc. The application does not limit this.

[0143] The following will be described in combination with the above-mentioned insertion of the feed array of the corresponding radio frequency unit into the different hole groups of the ground layer 2, and several exemplary structures of the antenna system 200 will be exemplified.

[0144] As shown in FIGS. 8a-8b, and in combination with FIG. 5b, the antenna system 200 includes the above-mentioned antenna unit 100. In a possible implementation manner, the antenna system 200 further includes a radome 72, and the antenna unit 100 is arranged in the radome 72.

[0145] As shown in FIGS. 8a-8b, and in combination with FIG. 5b, in a possible implementation manner, the antenna system 200 further includes a first radio frequency unit 61, a first feed array 615 of the first radio frequency unit 61 penetrates the first hole group 21 of the ground layer 2 of the antenna unit 100, and the first feed array 615 is arranged in a first direction Z and spaced apart from the metasurface radiation structure 1, and is coupled with the metasurface radiation structure 1. As shown in FIG. 8b, the first radio frequency unit 61 further includes a first shell 614 and a first transceiver single board 613 arranged in the first shell 614, the first feed array 615 is plugged into the first transceiver single board 613, and the first shell 614 is detachably fixed outside the radome 72.

[0146] As shown in FIG. 6b and FIG. 9a-9b, in yet another possible implementation, the antenna system 200 further comprises a second radio frequency unit 62, a second feed array 625 of the second radio frequency unit 62 penetrates through the second hole group 22 of the ground layer 2 in the antenna unit 100, and the second feed array 625 is arranged opposite to the metasurface radiation structure 1 in the first direction Z and coupled with the metasurface radiation structure 1. As shown in FIG. 9b, the second radio frequency unit 62 further comprises a second housing 624 and a second transceiver board 623 arranged in the second housing 624, the second feed array 625 is plugged into the second transceiver board 623, and the second housing 624 is detachably fixed to the outside of the antenna cover 72.

[0147] As shown in FIG. 7b and FIG. 10a-10b, in another possible implementation, the antenna system 200 further comprises a first radio frequency unit 61 and a second radio frequency unit 62, a first feed array 615 of the first radio frequency unit 61 penetrates through the first hole group 21 of the ground layer 2 in the antenna unit 100, and a second feed array 625 of the second radio frequency unit 62 penetrates through the second hole group 22 of the ground layer 2 in the antenna unit 100.

[0148] It should be noted that the transceiver boards of the first radio frequency unit 61 and the second radio frequency unit 62 can share one transceiver board (or can be understood as the first transceiver board 613 of the first radio frequency unit 61 and the second transceiver board 623 of the second radio frequency unit 62 are the same transceiver board), or can be separately arranged (or can be understood as the first transceiver board 613 of the first radio frequency unit 61 and the second transceiver board 623 of the second radio frequency unit 62 are arranged independently of each other). The first housing 614 and the second housing 624 can be the same housing, or can be separately arranged (or can be understood as being arranged independently of each other). As shown in FIG. 10a-10b, in one possible implementation, the first transceiver board 613 of the first radio frequency unit 61 and the second transceiver board 623 of the second radio frequency unit 62 are the same transceiver board, and the first housing 614 and the second housing 624 are the same housing. In an alternative implementation, the first transceiver board 613 of the first radio frequency unit 61 and the second transceiver board 623 of the second radio frequency unit 62 are different transceiver boards, and the first housing 614 and the second housing 624 are the same housing or different housings.

[0149] It should be noted that the number of feed arrays provided by the antenna unit 100 is not limited in the present application. The antenna unit 100 can only be provided with the first feed array 615 of the first radio frequency unit 61, or only be provided with the second feed array 625 of the second radio frequency unit 62, or be provided with both the first feed array 615 of the first radio frequency unit 61 and the second feed array 625 of the second radio frequency unit 62, or be provided with the feed array 605 of the radio frequency unit 60 of other frequency bands on the basis of the first feed array 615 and / or the second feed array 625. The antenna unit 100 can be provided with the third feed array 31 mentioned below (see FIG. 13a), or can not be provided with the third feed array 31, or be provided with the feed array 605 of other frequency bands on the basis of the third feed array 31, and the like.

[0150] The number of frequency bands in the antenna system is not limited in the present application. One working frequency band (for example, the first frequency band or the second frequency band) can be included, two working frequency bands (for example, the first frequency band and the third frequency band, or the second frequency band and the third frequency band) can be included, three working frequency bands (for example, the first frequency band, the second frequency band and the third frequency band) can be included, and four or more working frequency bands can be included.

[0151] The specific structure and form of the metasurface radiation structure 1 are not limited. As shown in FIG. 11, in one possible implementation, the antenna unit 100 can include a metal layer 18, the metal layer 18 includes a plurality of metal patch units 181 (as long as the unit is conductive), adjacent metal patch units 181 in the plurality of metal patch units 181 have a gap, and the plurality of metal patch units 181 constitute the metasurface radiation structure 1. The number of metal patch units 181 is not limited. Alternatively, the metasurface radiation structure 1 is composed of a plurality of metal patch units 181 on the metal layer 18, and the metal patch units 181 can act as a radiator. The feed part in the first feed array 615 and the second feed array 625 feeds the metasurface radiation structure 1 by coupling, and can excite the metal patch unit 181 to transmit electromagnetic wave signals outward.

[0152] In one possible implementation, the metal patch unit 181 is formed by etching a gap in the metal layer 18. It should be noted that the number of metal layers 18 is not limited, and there can be 1 layer, 2 layers, 3 layers or more metal layers 18. The antenna unit 100 can also be provided with a dielectric layer to support the metal layer 18, which is not limited in the present application. It should be noted that the shape of the metal patch unit 181 is not limited, and can be circular, square, triangular, and the like.

[0153] As shown in FIG. 11, in a possible implementation, the metal patch unit 181 is square-shaped, formed by multiple +45° and -45° slits staggered, corresponding to two polarization directions of +45° and -45°. In some embodiments, the metasurface radiation structure 1 can be made of any suitable metasurface material, for example, a metal metasurface film, a true-time-delay (TTD) metasurface, etc., which is not specifically limited in the present application as long as the actual use requirements can be met.

[0154] The structure of the metal patch unit 181 in the metasurface radiation structure 1 and the gap between the metal patch units 181 will affect the propagation characteristics of the metasurface radiation structure 1. The working frequency and bandwidth of the antenna unit 100 can be adjusted by designing the structure of the metal patch unit 181 and the gap between the metal patch units 181, so that the antenna unit 100 can work in multiple modes or dual modes, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the antenna unit 100. In addition, the metasurface radiation structure 1 itself can be made thinner, facilitating the realization of a low-profile antenna. In summary, the antenna unit 100 provided in the present application can have low-profile broadband characteristics, thereby further expanding the scope of application.

[0155] It should be noted that the structures of the first through-hole group 21 and the second through-hole group 22 are not limited. Referring again to FIGS. 4a-4c, in a possible implementation, the first through-hole group 21 includes multiple first through-holes 210 arranged in an array, and the second through-hole group 22 includes multiple second through-holes 220 arranged in an array, the multiple first through-holes 210 and the multiple second through-holes 220 are staggered and spaced apart, and the specific number of the first through-holes 210 and the second through-holes 220 is not limited in the present application. Or it can be understood that the first through-holes 210 in the first through-hole group 21 and the second through-holes 220 in the second through-hole group 22 are cross-set on the ground layer 2, and in a part of the area, the first through-holes 210 and the second through-holes 220 coexist, which can be used for the first feeding part 6150 of the first feeding array 615 to pass through the area, and also can be used for the second feeding part 6250 of the second feeding array 625 to pass through the area, thereby fully utilizing the layout area of the ground layer 2, and the size of the ground layer 2 in the plane perpendicular to the first direction Z can be reduced. In other alternative embodiments, the first through-holes 210 of the first through-hole group 21 and the second through-holes 220 of the second through-hole group 22 can also be independently set on the ground layer 2, or a part is independently set and a part is staggered and spaced apart, which is not limited in the present application.

[0156] It should be noted that the first hole group 21 and the second hole group 22 can be independently arranged, or at least one first hole 210 of the first hole group 21 and at least one second hole 220 of the second hole group 22 can also be shared (or can be understood as at least one first hole 210 and at least one second hole 220 are the same hole). Or it can be understood that at least one hole on the hole of the ground layer 2 can be used as a first hole 210, or can be used as a second hole 220, so as to reduce the number of holes on the ground layer 2 and simplify the structure. Specifically, it can be designed according to the required frequency band, and the present application does not limit this.

[0157] As shown in Figure 5c, and understood in conjunction with Figure 12a, in one possible implementation, the first feed array 615 passing through the first hole group 21 is used to excite the first area A of the super surface radiation structure 1, or it can be understood that the metal patch unit 181 (see Figure 11) in the first area A can be excited by the first feed array 615 to generate a signal of the corresponding frequency band.

[0158] As shown in Figure 6c, and understood in conjunction with Figure 12b, the second feed array 625 passing through the second hole group 22 is used to excite the second area B of the super surface radiation structure 1, or it can be understood that the metal patch unit 181 (see Figure 11) in the second area B can be excited by the second feed array 625 to generate a signal of the corresponding frequency band.

[0159] Wherein, the first area A and the second area B are independent of each other (it can be understood that the first area A and the second area B do not overlap, corresponding to the scheme that the plurality of first holes 210 and the plurality of second holes 220 are independently arranged on the ground layer 2) or partially overlap (corresponding to the scheme that the plurality of first holes 210 and the plurality of second holes 220 are independently arranged on the ground layer 2 Part of the staggered distribution) or completely overlap (corresponding to the scheme that the plurality of first holes 210 and the plurality of second holes 220 are also staggered on the ground layer 2 Distribution scheme), the present application does not limit this. As shown in Figure 12a and Figure 12b, in one exemplary structure, the first area A and the second area B completely overlap.

[0160] As shown in FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b, in a possible implementation, the area of the orthographic projection region of the first region A on the plane where the first surface 11 of the metasurface radiation structure 1 is located is less than or equal to the area of the first surface 11, the area of the orthographic projection region of the second region B on the plane where the first surface 11 of the metasurface radiation structure 1 is located is less than or equal to the area of the first surface 11, and the first surface 11 is the surface of the metasurface radiation structure 1 facing the stratum 2. Or it can be understood that all the metal patch units 181 on the metasurface radiation structure can be excited by the first feeding array 615 and / or the second feeding array 625, or only a part of them is excited by the first feeding array 615 and / or the second feeding array 625, and the present application does not limit this.

[0161] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the specific number and arrangement of the feeding portions in the antenna system 200.

[0162] As shown in FIG. 4a and FIG. 12a, in a possible implementation, the first feeding array 615 includes first feeding portions 6150 arranged in an array, the first region A of the metasurface radiation structure 1 includes a plurality of first sub-regions A1 corresponding to a plurality of first through holes 210, the first feeding portion 6150 passing through the first through hole 210 is used to excite a corresponding first sub-region A1, and the projection of the first through hole 210 on the metasurface radiation structure 1 along the first direction Z is a first projection point 15, and the first projection point 15 is located in the corresponding first sub-region A1. Or it can be understood that the region where each first projection point 15 in the metasurface radiation structure 1 is located constitutes a first sub-region A1, each first sub-region A1 collectively constitutes the first region A, and the first feeding portion 6150 passing through the first through hole 210 is coupled with the first sub-region A1 where the corresponding first projection point 15 is located.

[0163] In FIG. 12a, the small region divided by the horizontal and vertical staggered dashed lines is a first sub-region A1, and a total of 32 first sub-regions A1 are shown in the figure. The large region collectively formed by the 32 first sub-regions A1 is the first region A, that is, the region surrounded by the outermost frame is the first region A. It should be noted that FIG. 12a is only an example, and in other schemes, the position of the first region A and the number and position of the first sub-regions A1 should be determined according to the number and position of the first projection points 15.

[0164] As shown in FIG. 4a and FIG. 12b, the second feeding array 625 includes second feeding units 6250 arranged in an array, the second region B of the metasurface radiation structure 1 includes a plurality of second sub-regions B1 corresponding to the plurality of second through holes 220, the second feeding unit 6250 passing through the second through hole 220 is used to excite a corresponding one of the second sub-regions B1, and the projection of the second through hole 220 on the metasurface radiation structure 1 along the first direction Z is a second projection point 16, which is located in the corresponding second sub-region B1. Or it can be understood that the region where the second projection point 16 is located constitutes a second sub-region B1, and the second sub-regions B1 collectively constitute the second region B. The second feeding unit 6250 passing through the second through hole 220 is coupled with the second sub-region B1 where the corresponding second projection point 16 is located.

[0165] In FIG. 12b, the small region divided by the transverse and longitudinal staggered dashed lines is a second sub-region B1, and a total of 16 second sub-regions B1 are shown in the figure. The large region collectively formed by the 16 second sub-regions B1 is the second region B, that is, the region enclosed by the outermost circle of the large frame is the second region B. It should be noted that FIG. 12b is only one example of a scheme, and in other schemes, the position of the second region B, as well as the number and position of the second sub-regions B1, should be determined according to the number and position of the second projection points 16.

[0166] That is, the first projection point 15 is the projection of the first through hole 210 on the metasurface radiation structure 1 along the first direction Z. When the first feeding array is provided in the antenna system 200, the first projection point 15 is also the projection of each first feeding unit 6150 on the metasurface radiation structure 1 along the first direction Z. The second projection point 16 is the projection of the second through hole 220 on the metasurface radiation structure 1. When the second feeding array is provided in the antenna system 200, the second projection point 16 is also the projection of each second feeding unit 6250 on the metasurface radiation structure 1 along the first direction Z. For ease of description, the position of the projection point is used to represent the position of the through hole and the feeding unit in the following text. By describing the positional relationship of the projection points on the metasurface radiation structure 1, the distribution of the through holes and the feeding units in the plane perpendicular to the first direction Z can be obtained. It should be noted that the black and white circles in the figure are only used to distinguish different projection points and have no substantive meaning, and the circles only indicate the position of the projection and do not represent the actual shape of the projection of the through hole and / or the feeding unit.

[0167] It can be understood that each feeding unit has a certain radiation range. Within the radiation range, the radiation body region where the corresponding projection point is located has the highest coupling strength. Therefore, the region where each projection point is located is divided into a sub-region, and the metal patch units 181 in the sub-region can be excited by the corresponding feeding unit.

[0168] As shown in FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b, in one possible implementation, the first projection point 15 is located at the center of the first sub-region A1 where it is located, and the second projection point 16 is located at the center of the second sub-region B1 where it is located, in the plane perpendicular to the first direction Z. With this structure, the feeding part radiates uniformly in all directions in the plane perpendicular to the first direction Z, and arranging the projection points at the center of the corresponding sub-region helps to improve the coverage rate of the coupling range of the feeding part. It should be noted that the first projection point 15 and the second projection point can also not be arranged at the center of the sub-region (which can also be understood as the radiation region), and the present application does not limit this.

[0169] As shown in FIG. 13a-FIG. 13b, in one possible implementation, the antenna unit 100 further includes a third feeding array 31, which is used to be coupled with the third radio frequency unit 63. The third feeding array 31 is arranged opposite to the metasurface radiation structure 1 in the first direction Z and is coupled with the metasurface radiation structure 1. Wherein, the operating frequency band of the third radio frequency unit 63 (hereinafter referred to as the third frequency band) is different from the first frequency band and the second frequency band. Or it can be understood that the third antenna array is excited on the metasurface radiation structure 1 by the third feeding array 31, so that the antenna unit 100 can also work in the third frequency band. Different from the first feeding array 615 and the second feeding array 625, the third feeding array 31 is located inside the antenna unit 100 (which can also be understood as that the third feeding array 31 is integrated in the antenna unit 100), and is used as a whole with the antenna unit 100. The first feeding array 615 and the second feeding array 625 are respectively integrated in the corresponding radio frequency unit 60 (for example, the first feeding array 615 is integrated in the first radio frequency unit 61, and the second feeding array 625 is integrated in the second radio frequency unit 62), and are plug-in with the antenna unit 100, and can be replaced as a whole with the radio frequency unit. It should be noted that the third feeding array 31 can also not be arranged in the antenna unit 100, and the present application does not limit this.

[0170] As shown in FIG. 13b, FIG. 13e, FIG. 8a-FIG. 8b, in one possible implementation, the antenna system 200 includes the first radio frequency unit 61 and the third radio frequency unit 63, wherein the first feeding array 615 corresponding to the first radio frequency unit 61 penetrates the first through hole group 21, the third feeding array 31 is arranged in the antenna unit 100 and located between the ground layer 2 and the metasurface radiation structure 1, and realizes signal transmission with the third radio frequency unit 63 through the transmission line structure.

[0171] As shown in FIG. 13b, FIG. 13e, FIG. 9a-FIG. 9b, in a possible implementation, the antenna system 200 includes the second radio frequency unit 62 and the third radio frequency unit 63, wherein the second radio frequency unit 62 corresponds to the second feeding array 625 which penetrates the second group of through holes 22, and the third feeding array 31 is arranged in the antenna unit 100 between the ground layer 2 and the metasurface radiation structure 1, and realizes signal transmission with the third radio frequency unit 63 through the transmission line structure.

[0172] As shown in FIG. 13b, FIG. 13e, FIG. 10a-FIG. 10b, in a possible implementation, the antenna system 200 includes the first radio frequency unit 61, the second radio frequency unit 62 and the third radio frequency unit 63, wherein the first radio frequency unit 61 corresponds to the first feeding array 615, and the second radio frequency unit 62 corresponds to the second feeding array 625 which can penetrate the corresponding group of through holes, and the third feeding array 31 is arranged in the antenna unit 100 between the ground layer 2 and the metasurface radiation structure 1, and realizes signal transmission with the third radio frequency unit 63 through the transmission line structure.

[0173] In a possible implementation, the third frequency band is lower than the first frequency band and the second frequency band. Or it can be understood that the center frequency of the third frequency band is lower than the center frequency of the first frequency band and the center frequency of the second frequency band. Exemplarily, the first frequency band and the second frequency band can be high frequency (HB, for example, 5G frequency band 4400MHz-5835MHz), medium frequency (MB, for example, 2.4G WIFI frequency band 2400MHz-2480MHz, 1710MHz-2690MHz, etc.), medium-high frequency (MHB, for example, 3300MHz-3800MHz, 3300MHz-4200MHz), etc., and the third frequency band can be low frequency (LB, for example, 690MHz-960MHz). Those skilled in the art can understand that the use range of the low frequency antenna array is relatively wide, and most base stations 300 have low frequency communication function, and the feeding array of the low frequency antenna array is arranged in the antenna unit 100, and the feeding array can transmit low frequency signals with the third radio frequency unit 63 through the transmission line structure, thereby providing the antenna unit 100 with a basic frequency band. In an example, the first frequency band is 3300MHz-4200MHz, the second frequency band is 1710MHz-2690MHz, and the third frequency band is 690MHz-960MHz. The three frequency bands cover low, medium and high frequencies of communication frequency bands, and the range is relatively wide. It should be noted that this is only an example, and the first, second and third frequency bands of the present application can also be applied to other frequency bands, and the present application does not limit this.

[0174] It should be noted that the specific position of the third feeding array 31 is not limited. As shown in FIGS. 13a-13e, in one possible implementation, the third feeding array 31 is located between the ground layer 2 and the metasurface radiating structure 1 in the first direction Z. Specifically, each third feeding part 311 in the third feeding array 31 can be fixed on the ground layer 2 by a transmission line structure, and the present application does not limit this.

[0175] As shown in FIGS. 13a-13b, in one possible implementation, the third feeding array 31 includes a plurality of third feeding parts 311 arranged in an array, and the projections 23 (shown by a dashed line in the figure, the projection 23 of the third feeding part 311 on the ground layer 2 is only a virtual structure and cannot be understood as a through hole or other entity structure on the ground layer 2) of the plurality of third feeding parts 311 on the ground layer 2 are staggered and spaced apart from the plurality of first through holes 210 and the plurality of second through holes 220 in the first direction Z. Wherein, the specific number of third feeding parts 311 is not limited. It can be understood that, in a plane perpendicular to the first direction Z, the third feeding array 31 is staggered with the first through hole group (used to set the first feeding array 615) or the second through hole group (used to set the second feeding array 625), or both. With this structure, the area utilization of the metasurface radiating structure 1 can be improved, and the size of the antenna unit 100 can be reduced. In other alternative embodiments, the projections of the plurality of third feeding parts 311 on the ground layer 2 can also be independently arranged with the plurality of first through holes 210 and the plurality of second through holes 220, and the present application does not limit this.

[0176] Wherein, the structure of the third feeding part 311 is not limited, which can be set as a feeding pin, or a patch structure, or a slot formed in the ground layer 2, and the present application does not limit this. As shown in FIGS. 13a-13b, in one possible implementation, the third feeding part 311 can be a feeding pin, which includes a metal sheet 331 and a pin 332. The metal sheet 331 is the main body of the feeding pin, which is used to couple the feed to the metasurface radiating structure 1. One end of the pin 332 is connected to the metal sheet 331, and the other end is connected to the corresponding radio frequency unit 60. When the third antenna array is a dual-polarized antenna, the number of pins 332 of the feeding pin can be two, corresponding to +45° and -45° two polarization directions respectively. When the third antenna array is a single-polarized antenna, only one pin 332 can be arranged in the feeding pin. Wherein, the shape of the metal sheet 331 is not limited, such as square, circular, etc.

[0177] As shown in FIGS. 13a-13b, in a possible implementation, the at least one third feeding portion 311 is arranged with the first through hole 210 and the second through hole 220 at the outer periphery side of the projection 23 of the stratum 2 along the first direction Z. In combination with FIG. 10a, it can be understood that the first feeding portion 6150 and the second feeding portion 6250 are arranged around the outer periphery of the third feeding portion 311, which can enable the area on the metasurface radiating structure 1 corresponding to the third feeding portion 311 to be excited by the first feeding portion 6150 and the second feeding portion 6250.

[0178] As shown in FIGS. 14-15a, in a possible implementation, the third feeding array 31 is used to excite the third area C of the metasurface radiating structure 1, or it can be understood that the metal patch units 181 (see FIG. 11) in the third area C can be excited by the third feeding array 31 to transmit signals of the third frequency band. The area of the orthographic projection of the third area C on the plane where the first surface 11 is located is less than or equal to the area of the first surface 11, that is, all the metal patch units 181 on the metasurface radiating structure 1 can be excited by the third feeding array 31, or only a part of them can be excited by the third feeding array 31.

[0179] As shown in FIGS. 14-15a, and in combination with FIGS. 12a and 12b, in a possible implementation, the third area C partially overlaps or completely overlaps with the first area A of the metasurface radiating structure 1, and the third area C partially overlaps or completely overlaps with the second area B of the metasurface radiating structure 1. It can be understood that the metal units in a certain area on the metasurface radiating structure 1 are excited by the third feeding array 31, and at the same time can also be excited by the first feeding array 615 and / or the second feeding array 625, thereby improving the area utilization rate of the metasurface radiating structure 1. In other alternative implementations, the third area C can also not overlap with the first area A and / or the second area B at all, which is not limited in the present application.

[0180] As shown in FIGS. 14-15a, and in combination with FIG. 13a, in a possible implementation, the third area C of the metasurface radiating structure 1 includes a plurality of third sub-areas C1 corresponding to a plurality of third feeding portions 311, the third feeding portion 311 is used to excite a corresponding one of the third sub-areas C1, and the projection of the third feeding portion 311 on the metasurface radiating structure 1 along the first direction Z is a third projection point 17, the third projection point 17 is located in the corresponding third sub-area C1. It can be understood that the metal patch units in the third sub-area C1 are excited by the third feeding portion 311 corresponding to the third projection point 17. Among them, at least one third sub-area C1 covers at least one first projection point 15 and at least one second projection point 16. Or it can be understood that the metal patch units in the third sub-area C1 can also be excited by the first feeding portion 6150 and / or the second feeding portion 6250, thereby improving the aperture utilization rate of the metasurface radiating structure 1.

[0181] In FIG. 15a, the small area divided by the horizontal and vertical staggered dashed lines is a third sub-area C1, and four third sub-areas C1 are shown in the figure, and the large area formed by the four third sub-areas C1 is a third area C, that is, the area surrounded by the outermost frame is the third area C. It should be noted that FIG. 15a is only one example, and in other schemes, the position of the third area C and the number and position of the third sub-area C1 should be determined according to the number and position of the third projection point 17.

[0182] As shown in FIGS. 15b-15c, in a possible implementation, the third sub-area C1 where the at least one third projection point 17 is located includes a plurality of first sub-areas A1, or the third sub-area C1 where the at least one third projection point 17 is located includes a plurality of second sub-areas B1, or the third sub-area C1 where the at least one third projection point 17 is located includes a plurality of first sub-areas A1 and a plurality of second sub-areas B1. Alternatively, it can be understood that the at least one third sub-area C1 covers a plurality of first sub-areas A1 or a plurality of second sub-areas B1, or covers a plurality of first sub-areas A1 and a plurality of second sub-areas B1, thereby improving the utilization of the stratum 2 and the super surface radiation structure 1. In other alternative implementations, the third sub-area C1 can not cover the first sub-area A1 or the second sub-area B1, which is not limited in the present application.

[0183] As shown in FIGS. 15a-15d, in a possible implementation, in a plane perpendicular to the first direction Z, the third projection point 17 is located at the center of the third sub-area C1 where it is located. With this structure, the third feeding portion 311 uniformly radiates in all directions in the plane perpendicular to the first direction Z, and arranging the projection point at the center of the sub-area is beneficial to improve the coverage rate of the coupling range of the feeding portion. It should be noted that the projection point can also not be arranged at the center of the third sub-area C1 where it is located, which is not limited in the present application.

[0184] As shown in FIG. 15a, in a possible implementation, when the third projection point 17 is provided with the first projection point 15 and the second projection point 16 on the outer circumferential side, the third sub-region C1 in which the third projection point 17 is located includes two rows of first projection points 15 arranged at intervals along the third direction Y and two rows of second projection points 16 arranged at intervals along the third direction Y, and the two rows of first projection points 15 and the two rows of second projection points 16 are respectively arranged on both sides of the third projection point 17 in the third direction Y. The first direction Z, the second direction X, and the third direction Y are perpendicular to each other. The second direction X and the third direction Y can be the width direction and the length direction of the metasurface radiation structure 1 respectively. In a possible implementation, the third direction Y is perpendicular to or inclined to the horizontal ground, that is, the length direction (the third direction Y) of the metasurface radiation structure 1 is arranged along the height of the base station or inclined to the height direction by a certain angle, and the width direction (the second direction X) and the thickness direction (the first direction Z) of the metasurface radiation structure 1 are parallel to the horizontal ground or inclined to the horizontal ground by a certain angle. In this way, the entire radiation surface of the metasurface radiation structure 1 is perpendicular to the ground or inclined to the ground by a certain angle, and the signal coverage range in the vertical direction is wider.

[0185] The two rows of first projection points 15 and the two rows of second projection points 16 are arranged on both sides of the third projection point 17 along the third direction Y. In this scheme, the third projection point 17, the second projection point 16, and the first projection point 15 are staggered in the third direction Y in the same third sub-region C1, which improves the isolation between the regions of the two rows of same-frequency projection points of the metasurface radiation structure 1 and improves the system efficiency of the antenna system 200.

[0186] As shown in FIG. 15a, in a possible implementation, at least one row of first projection points 15 (one example, each row of first projection points 15) includes n1 first projection points 15 arranged at intervals along the second direction X, and n1 is an integer value of f1 / f3. At least one row of second projection points 16 (one example, each row of second projection points 16) includes n2 second projection points 16 arranged at intervals along the second direction X, and n2 is an integer value of f2 / f3. Wherein, f1 is the center frequency of the working frequency band of the first radio frequency unit 61, f2 is the center frequency of the working frequency band of the second radio frequency unit 62, and f3 is the center frequency of the working frequency band of the third radio frequency unit 63. The wavelength corresponding to f1 is λ1, the wavelength corresponding to f2 is λ2, and the wavelength corresponding to f3 is λ3.

[0187] Or can be understood as, the quantity ratio of the first projection point 15 and the third projection point 17 in the second direction X is positively correlated with the center frequency ratio of the two, and the quantity ratio of the second projection point 16 and the third projection point 17 in the second direction X is positively correlated with the center frequency ratio of the two. Those skilled in the art can understand that the higher the frequency, the smaller the coupling area of the feed part, and the more the number of feed parts required to be arranged within a certain range. When the quantity ratio of the first projection point 15 and the third projection point 17 is positively correlated with the frequency ratio of the two, the first sub-area A1 in the second direction X where each first projection point 15 is located can completely cover the third sub-area C1, and the aperture utilization rate is higher. When the quantity ratio of the second projection point 16 and the third projection point 17 is positively correlated with the frequency ratio of the two, the second sub-area B1 in the second direction X where each second projection point 16 is located can completely cover the third sub-area C1, and the aperture utilization rate is higher.

[0188] As shown in FIG. 14, in a possible implementation, the metasurface radiation structure 1 includes a 2x2 array of 4 third projection points 17, and each third projection point 17 is surrounded by first projection points 15 and second projection points 16. The third frequency band is 690MHz-960MHz, and the center frequency f3 is 825MHz. The first frequency band is 3300MHz-4200MHz, and the center frequency f1 is 3750MHz. The integer of f1 / f3 is about 4, n1=4, and then in each third sub-area C1, two rows of first projection points 15 are arranged along the third direction Y, and each row includes 4 first projection points 15 arranged along the second direction X with an interval, and there are a total of 8 first projection points 15. Further, each third projection point 17 is also surrounded by second projection points 16, and the second frequency band is 1710MHz-2690MHz, and the center frequency f2 is 2200MHz. The integer of f2 / f3 is about 2, n2=2, and then each row of second projection points 16 in each third sub-area C1 includes 2 second projection points 16 arranged along the second direction X with an interval.

[0189] As shown in FIGS. 15a and 15c, in a possible implementation, in the first sub-area A1, the distance between the first projection point 15 and the edge of the first sub-area A1 in the second direction X is S1, 0.25λ1≤S1≤0.5λ1, and the distance between the first projection point 15 and the edge of the first sub-area A1 in the third direction Y is S2, 0.5λ1≤S2≤λ1. With this scheme, all metal patch units 181 in the first sub-area A1 can be excited by the corresponding first feed part 6150 (see FIG. 12a). In other alternative implementations, S1 can also be less than 0.25λ1 or greater than 0.5λ1, which is not limited in the present application. S2 can also be less than 0.5λ1 or greater than λ1, which is not limited in the present application.

[0190] As shown in FIG. 15a and FIG. 15d, in a possible implementation, in the second sub-region B1, the distance between the second projection point 16 and the edge of the second sub-region B1 in the second direction X is L1, 0.25λ2≤L1≤0.5λ2, and the distance between the second projection point 16 and the edge of the second sub-region B1 in the third direction Y is L2, 0.5λ2≤L2≤λ2. With this scheme, all the metal patch units 181 in the second sub-region B1 can be excited by the corresponding second feeding part 6250. In other alternative implementations, L1 can also be less than 0.25λ2 or greater than 0.5λ2, which is not limited in the application. L2 can also be less than 0.5λ2 or greater than λ2, which is not limited in the application.

[0191] As shown in FIG. 15a and FIG. 15b, in a possible implementation, in the third sub-region C1, the distance between the third projection point 17 and the edge of the third sub-region C1 in the second direction X is H1, 0.25λ3≤H1≤0.5λ3, and the distance between the third projection point 17 and the edge of the third sub-region C1 in the third direction Y is H2, 0.5λ3≤H2≤λ3. With this scheme, all the metal patch units 181 in the third sub-region C1 can be excited by the corresponding third feeding part 311. In other alternative implementations, H1 can also be less than 0.25λ3 or greater than 0.5λ3, which is not limited in the application. H2 can also be less than 0.5λ3 or greater than λ3, which is not limited in the application.

[0192] As shown in FIG. 15a, in a possible implementation, the distance between two adjacent first projection points 15 in the second direction X is d1, 0.25λ1≤d1≤0.75λ1. The isolation between the first sub-regions where the adjacent first projection points 15 are located in the second direction X can be improved on the basis of ensuring the radiation range. In other alternative implementations, d1 can also be less than 0.25λ1 or greater than 0.75λ1, which is not limited in the application.

[0193] In a possible implementation, the distance between two adjacent first projection points 15 in the third direction Y is d2, 0.25λ1≤d2≤λ1. The isolation between the first sub-regions where the adjacent first projection points 15 are located in the third direction Y can be improved on the basis of ensuring the radiation range. In other alternative implementations, d2 can also be less than 0.25λ1 or greater than λ1, which is not limited in the application.

[0194] In a possible implementation, the distance between two adjacent second projection points 16 along the second direction X is d4, and 0.25λ2≤d4≤0.75λ2. The isolation between the second sub-regions where the two adjacent second projection points 16 are located along the second direction X can be improved on the basis of ensuring the radiation range. In other alternative implementations, d4 can also be less than 0.25λ2 or greater than 0.75λ2, which is not limited in the application.

[0195] In a possible implementation, the distance between two adjacent second projection points 16 along the third direction Y is d5, and 0.25λ2≤d5≤λ2. The isolation between the second sub-regions where the two adjacent second projection points 16 are located along the third direction Y can be improved on the basis of ensuring the radiation range. In other alternative implementations, d5 can also be less than 0.25λ2 or greater than λ2, which is not limited in the application.

[0196] In a possible implementation, the distance between two adjacent third projection points 17 along the second direction X is d3, and 0.25λ3≤d3≤λ3. The isolation between the third sub-regions where the two adjacent third projection points 17 are located along the second direction X can be improved on the basis of ensuring the radiation range. In other alternative implementations, d3 can also be less than 0.25λ3 or greater than λ3, which is not limited in the application.

[0197] As shown in FIG. 14, and understood in conjunction with FIG. 15c and FIG. 15d, in a possible implementation, isolation structures 4 are arranged between at least some adjacent third projection points 17, and the isolation structures 4 are grounded. As can be understood by those skilled in the art, if there is coupling between the metal patch units 181 in different sub-regions where different projection points are located, the system efficiency of the antenna system 200 can be affected. For example, there is coupling between different first sub-regions where different first projection points 15 are located (i.e., there is coupling between the metal patch units 181 in the first sub-region Al where different first projection points 15 are located), there is coupling between different second sub-regions where different second projection points 16 are located, there is coupling between different third sub-regions where different third projection points 17 are located, and there can also be coupling between the first sub-region where the first projection points 15 are located and the second sub-region where the second projection points 16 are located, and so on. Among them, the coupling strength between the sub-regions where adjacent projection points of the same frequency are located is relatively high (adjacent means that there are no other projection points between two projection points). The isolation structures 4 are arranged between adjacent third sub-regions where third projection points 17 are located, and the isolation structures 4 have a reflection function for electromagnetic waves, which can improve the isolation between different regions on the metasurface radiation structure 1. Arranging the isolation structures 4 between the third sub-regions where the adjacent two third projection points 17 are located can reduce the coupling between different metal patch units 181 in the third sub-region C1 and improve the efficiency of the antenna system 200. It should be noted that the isolation structures 4 can be arranged between the third sub-regions where adjacent third projection points 17 are located, or the isolation structures 4 can not be arranged between the third sub-regions where adjacent third projection points 17 are located, the isolation structures 4 can be arranged between the first sub-regions where adjacent first projection points 15 are located or not, and the isolation structures 4 can be arranged between the second sub-regions where adjacent second projection points 16 are located or not. The present application does not limit this. Whether to arrange the isolation structures 4 at specific positions should be determined according to the functions and layout of the antenna units 100.

[0198] As shown in FIG. 14, FIG. 16a and FIG. 16b, in a possible implementation, the third feeding part 311 includes a third sub-feeding part one 3111 and a third sub-feeding part two 3112, and correspondingly, the third projection point 17 includes a third sub-projection point one 171 and a third sub-projection point two 172. Each third sub-feeding part one 3111 is configured to transmit signals of a third sub-frequency band one to a third sub-radio frequency unit one 631 to form a third sub-antenna array one. Each third sub-feeding part two 3112 is configured to transmit signals of a third sub-frequency band two to a third sub-radio frequency unit two 632 to form a third sub-antenna array two. Among them, the third sub-radio frequency unit one 631 and the third sub-radio frequency unit two 632 are different radio frequency units, and the third sub-frequency band one and the third sub-frequency band two are both within the range of the third frequency band. It should be noted that the third sub-frequency band one and the third sub-frequency band two can not overlap, can partially overlap, or can completely overlap, and the present application does not limit this.

[0199] Or can be understood as, the third frequency band is further refined third sub-band one and third sub-band two. In this way, the third antenna array can be divided into different systems, each system is connected to different radio frequency chips for use by different operators. Exemplarily, the third frequency band can be 690MHz-960MHz, the third sub-band one can be 700MHz-750MHz for example, for use by the first operator, and the third sub-band two can be 750MHz-800MHz for example, for use by the second operator.

[0200] Similarly, the first frequency band and the second frequency band can also be divided into multiple sub-bands, which are not limited in the present application. In a possible implementation, the first antenna array and the second antenna array are both MIMO antennas (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output), all the first feeding portions 6150 are in the same system (i.e., integrated into the same radio frequency unit), and all the second feeding portions 6250 are in the same system (i.e., integrated into the same radio frequency unit).

[0201] As shown in FIG. 16a, in a possible implementation, the third sub-radio frequency unit one 631 and the third sub-radio frequency unit two 632 are different radio frequency units, and different radio frequency transceivers (e.g., radio frequency chips) can be used. As shown in FIG. 16b, in a possible implementation, the third sub-radio frequency unit one 631 and the third sub-radio frequency unit two 632 can use one radio frequency transceiver to output signals of two sub-bands. It can be understood that multiple channels can also be included in the same system. Exemplarily, the third antenna array is a dual-polarized antenna array, and each system in FIGS. 16a-16b includes a +45° polarization channel and a -45° polarization channel. Two polarized radio frequency ports can be provided for each system on the third radio frequency unit 63, such as two radio frequency ports 6310 and two radio frequency ports 6320, or two polarized radio frequency ports can be provided for each third feeding portion, which are not limited in the present application.

[0202] As shown in FIGS. 14 and 17a, in a possible implementation, the adjacent third sub-projection point one 171 and the third sub-projection point two 172 are both provided with the isolation structure 4. The isolation structure 4 provided between the projection points of different systems can reduce the coupling degree of the two systems, so that the system efficiency of the antenna system 200 is greatly improved. In a possible implementation, the isolation structure 4 is provided between any adjacent third projection points 17, or can be understood as that the isolation structure 4 is also provided between the adjacent third projection points 17 in the same system. Although the coupling between the projection points in the same system has less influence on the antenna system 200, the isolation structure 4 can still optimize the radiation performance of the antenna to a certain extent.

[0203] It should be noted that the specific form of the isolation structure 4 is not limited. As long as it can have a reflection effect on electromagnetic waves. As shown in FIG. 13e and FIG. 14, in one possible implementation, the isolation structure 4 is a metal plate 41, one side of the metal plate 41 is connected with the ground layer 2 in the first direction Z, and the other side is connected or coupled with the metasurface radiation structure 1. Among them, the coupling means that the metal plate 41 does not directly contact the metasurface radiation structure 1, but is spaced apart by a gap. It should be noted that the gap can be air or insulating solid medium, which is not limited in the present application. In one possible implementation, the metal plate 41 is arranged along the gap between adjacent third sub-regions C1, and in the second direction X and the third direction Y, the metal plate 41 extends from one side of the third sub-region C1 to the other side, that is, the metal plate 41 completely separates the adjacent third sub-regions C1, and the isolation effect is good. In an alternative embodiment, the metal plate 41 can also not completely separate the adjacent third sub-regions C1, which is not limited in the present application.

[0204] It should be noted that the different metal plates 41 can be fixed or not. Each metal plate 41 can be a one-piece structure or a split structure, which is not limited in the present application. In one possible implementation, the metasurface radiation structure 1 and the ground layer 2 are further provided with an outer frame 44, one side of the outer frame 44 is connected with the ground layer 2 in the first direction Z, and the other side is connected with the metasurface radiation structure 1, supporting a back cavity between them to accommodate the third feed array 31. In one possible implementation, the outer frame 44 can be a metal material, and all the metal plates 41 are directly integrated with the outer frame 44, which simplifies the production process and has high reliability. The outer frame 44 can also be an insulating material, which is not limited in the present application.

[0205] As shown in FIGS. 17a-17b, in one possible implementation, the isolation structure 4 is an electromagnetic band gap structure, i.e., an EBG (Electromagnetic band gap) structure, one end of the electromagnetic band gap structure is connected with the ground layer 2, and the other end is connected with the metasurface radiation structure 1 or is coupled through a gap. In one possible implementation, the electromagnetic band gap structure includes a plurality of isolation pieces 42 and a plurality of grounding pieces 43 corresponding to the plurality of isolation pieces 42, the isolation pieces 42 are arranged in the same plane as the metasurface radiation structure 1 in the first direction Z and separate the metasurface radiation structure 1 into different areas, and one end of each grounding piece 43 is connected with the ground layer 2 and the other end is connected with the corresponding isolation piece 42. The number of the isolation pieces 42 and the grounding pieces 43 is not limited and can be designed according to the size of the isolation piece 42 and the overall length of the isolation structure 4 to be set. Similarly, in the second direction X and the third direction Y, the electromagnetic band gap structure can completely separate the adjacent third sub-areas C1 or can not completely separate the adjacent third sub-areas C1, which is not limited in the present application. The isolation piece 42 can be made of metal, which is not limited in the present application.

[0206] It should be noted that the isolation structures arranged at different positions in the antenna unit can be the same or different. For example, they can all be arranged in the structure of the metal plate 41, or they can all be arranged in the electromagnetic band gap structure, or part of them can be arranged in the structure of the metal plate 41 and part of them can be arranged in the electromagnetic band gap structure, which is not limited in the present application.

[0207] As shown in FIGS. 18a-18c, in one possible implementation, the antenna unit 100 includes a third feed array 31 for coupling connection with the third radio frequency unit 63 to excite the metasurface radiation structure 1, so that the operating frequency band of the antenna unit 100 includes a third frequency band, i.e., by integrating the third feed array 31 in the antenna unit 100 (the position of the third feed array 31 relative to the metasurface radiation structure 1 is fixed), exciting the metasurface radiation structure 1 to transmit signals of the third frequency band, providing a basic operating frequency band (or can be understood as the frequency band cannot be changed) for the antenna unit 100.

[0208] It should be noted that the position of the third feed array 31 relative to the ground layer 2 is not limited, for example, as shown in FIG. 18c, the ground layer 2 can be provided with a hole for the third feed array 31 to pass through (at this time, the transmission line structure for coupling connection between the third feed array 31 and the third radio frequency unit 63 is routed from the side of the ground layer 2 away from the metasurface radiation structure 1). Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 13e, the hole for the third feed array 31 to pass through can also not be provided (at this time, the transmission line structure for coupling connection between the third feed array 31 and the third radio frequency unit 63 is routed from the side of the ground layer 2 towards the metasurface radiation structure 1).

[0209] Further, in the scenario that the third feed array 31 provides the basic working frequency band for the antenna unit 100, the ground layer 2 can only be provided with one through hole group for the feed array 605 of the configurable radio frequency unit 60 to pass through, and the working frequency band signal of the radio frequency unit 60 is transmitted through the feed array 605 to excite the metasurface radiation structure 1, thereby providing the antenna unit 100 with a configurable working frequency band (or can be understood as the working frequency band of the configurable radio frequency unit 60). Specifically, according to the actual needs of the antenna unit 100, the feed array 605 of the corresponding radio frequency unit 60 can be selected to pass through the through hole group of the ground layer 2, or the feed array 605 of the corresponding radio frequency unit 60 can be selected not to pass through the through hole group of the ground layer 2. The following will be illustrated by two exemplary schemes.

[0210] As shown in FIG. 18a, in one example, the ground layer 2 is provided with a first through hole group 21 for the first feed array 615 of the configurable first radio frequency unit 61 to pass through, and the metasurface radiation structure 1 is excited through the first feed array 615, so that the antenna unit 100 can also work in the first frequency band. At this time, the working frequency band of the antenna unit 100 includes the third frequency band and the first frequency band. It should be noted that the first through hole group 21 can be selected not to pass through the first feed array 615, and at this time, the working frequency band of the antenna unit 100 includes the third frequency band.

[0211] As shown in FIG. 18b, in another example, the ground layer 2 is provided with a second through hole group 22 for the second feed array 625 of the configurable second radio frequency unit 62 to pass through, and the metasurface radiation structure 1 is excited through the second feed array 625, so that the antenna unit 100 can also work in the second frequency band. At this time, the working frequency band of the antenna unit 100 includes the third frequency band and the second frequency band. It should be noted that the second through hole group 22 can be selected not to pass through the second feed array 625, and at this time, the working frequency band of the antenna unit 100 includes the third frequency band.

[0212] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized by The antenna unit comprises: a metasurface radiation structure; a ground layer, which is stacked and spaced apart from the metasurface radiation structure in a first direction; the ground layer is provided with at least two groups of through holes, including a first group of through holes and a second group of through holes, the first group of through holes is used to arrange a first feed array corresponding to a first radio frequency unit, and the second group of through holes is used to arrange a second feed array corresponding to a second radio frequency unit, and the first feed array and the second feed array can be used to excite the metasurface radiation structure to radiate radio frequency signals.

2. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein, The first group of through holes comprises a plurality of first through holes arranged in an array, and the second group of through holes comprises a plurality of second through holes arranged in an array, and the plurality of first through holes and the plurality of second through holes are staggered and spaced apart.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by The first feed array passing through the first group of through holes is used to excite a first region of the metasurface radiation structure, and the second feed array passing through the second group of through holes is used to excite a second region of the metasurface radiation structure; wherein the first region and the second region are independent of each other, partially overlap or completely overlap.

4. The antenna unit of claim 3, wherein, The area of the orthographic projection region of the first region on the plane where the first surface of the metasurface radiation structure is located is less than or equal to the area of the first surface, the area of the orthographic projection region of the second region on the plane where the first surface of the metasurface radiation structure is located is less than or equal to the area of the first surface, and the first surface is the surface of the metasurface radiation structure facing the ground layer.

5. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The first group of through holes and the second group of through holes are independently arranged, or at least one first through hole of the first group of through holes and at least one second through hole of the second group of through holes are the same through hole.

6. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The antenna unit further comprises a third feed array, which is used to be coupled with a third radio frequency unit, and the third feed array is arranged opposite to the metasurface radiation structure in the first direction and is coupled with the metasurface radiation structure. The operating frequency band of the third radio frequency unit is different from at least one of the operating frequency band of the first radio frequency unit or the operating frequency band of the second radio frequency unit.

7. The antenna unit of claim 6, wherein, The center frequency of the operating frequency band of the third radio frequency unit is lower than the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first radio frequency unit and the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second radio frequency unit.

8. The antenna unit of claim 6, wherein, The third feed array is located between the ground layer and the metasurface radiation structure in the first direction.

9. The antenna unit of any of claims 6-8, wherein, The third feed array is used to excite a third region of the metasurface radiation structure, and the area of the orthographic projection region of the third region on the plane where the first surface is located is less than or equal to the area of the first surface, and the first surface is the surface of the metasurface radiation structure facing the ground layer; The third region partially overlaps or completely overlaps with the first region of the metasurface radiation structure; and / or, the third region partially overlaps or completely overlaps with the second region of the metasurface radiation structure.

10. The antenna unit of claim 9, wherein, The third feeding array includes a plurality of third feeding portions arranged in an array, and projections of the plurality of third feeding portions on the ground surface along the first direction are staggered and spaced apart from the plurality of first through holes and the plurality of second through holes.

11. The antenna unit of claim 10, wherein, The first through holes and the second through holes are arranged on the outer periphery of the projection of at least one of the third feeding portions on the ground surface along the first direction.

12. The antenna unit of claim 10 or 11, characterized by The first feeding array includes first feeding portions arranged in an array, the first region of the metasurface radiation structure includes a plurality of first sub-regions corresponding to the plurality of first through holes, a first feeding portion passing through the first through hole is used to excite a corresponding first sub-region, and a projection of the first through hole on the metasurface radiation structure along the first direction is a first projection point, which is located in the corresponding first sub-region. The second feeding array includes second feeding portions arranged in an array, the second region of the metasurface radiation structure includes a plurality of second sub-regions corresponding to the plurality of second through holes, a second feeding portion passing through the second through hole is used to excite a corresponding second sub-region, and a projection of the second through hole on the metasurface radiation structure along the first direction is a second projection point, which is located in the corresponding second sub-region. The third region of the metasurface radiation structure includes a plurality of third sub-regions corresponding to the plurality of third feeding portions, the third feeding portion is used to excite a corresponding third sub-region, and a projection of the third feeding portion on the metasurface radiation structure along the first direction is a third projection point, which is located in the corresponding third sub-region. At least one of the third sub-regions covers at least one of the first projection points and at least one of the second projection points.

13. The antenna unit of claim 12, wherein, In a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the first projection point is located at the center of the first sub-region where it is located, the second projection point is located at the center of the second sub-region where it is located, and the third projection point is located at the center of the third sub-region where it is located.

14. The antenna unit of claim 12 or 13, characterized by When the third projection point is provided with the first projection point and the second projection point on the outer periphery thereof, the third sub-region where the third projection point is located covers two rows of first projection points arranged at intervals along a third direction and two rows of second projection points arranged at intervals along the third direction, and the two rows of first projection points and the two rows of second projection points are respectively arranged on both sides of the third projection point in the third direction. Further, at least one row of first projection points includes n1 first projection points arranged at intervals along a second direction, n1 is an integer obtained by rounding f1 / f3; at least one row of second projection points includes n2 second projection points arranged at intervals along the second direction, n2 is an integer obtained by rounding f2 / f3; f1 is a center frequency of a working frequency band of the first radio frequency unit, f2 is a center frequency of a working frequency band of the second radio frequency unit, and f3 is a center frequency of a working frequency band of the third radio frequency unit. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other in pairs.

15. The antenna unit of claim 14, wherein, f1 corresponds to wavelength λ1, f2 corresponds to wavelength λ2, and f3 corresponds to wavelength λ3; In the first sub-region, the distance between the first projection point and the edge of the first sub-region in the second direction is S1, 0.25λ1≤S1≤0.5λ1, and the distance between the first projection point and the edge of the first sub-region in the third direction is S2, 0.5λ1≤S2≤λ1; In the second sub-region, the distance between the second projection point and the edge of the second sub-region in the second direction is L1, 0.25λ2≤L1≤0.5λ2, and the distance between the second projection point and the edge of the second sub-region in the third direction is L2, 0.5λ2≤L2≤λ2; In the third sub-region, the distance between the third projection point and the edge of the third sub-region in the second direction is H1, 0.25λ3≤H1≤0.5λ3, and the distance between the third projection point and the edge of the third sub-region in the third direction is H2, 0.5λ3≤H2≤λ3; The distance between two adjacent first projection points in the second direction is d1, 0.25λ1≤d1≤0.75λ1; the distance between two adjacent first projection points in the third direction is d2, 0.25λ1≤d2≤λ1; the distance between two adjacent third projection points in the second direction is d3, 0.25λ3≤d3≤λ3; the distance between two adjacent second projection points in the second direction is d4, 0.25λ2≤d4≤0.75λ2; and the distance between two adjacent second projection points in the third direction is d5, 0.25λ2≤d5≤λ2.

16. The antenna unit of any one of claims 12-15, wherein, At least part of the adjacent third projection points of the plurality of third projection points are provided with an isolation structure, and the isolation structure is grounded.

17. The antenna unit of claim 16, wherein, At least two adjacent third projection points of the plurality of third projection points are each provided with the isolation structure.

18. The antenna unit of claim 16 or 17, characterized by The isolation structure is a metal plate, one side of the metal plate is connected with the ground layer in the first direction, and the other side is connected with the metasurface radiation structure or coupled through a gap.

19. The antenna unit of claim 16 or 17, wherein, The isolation structure is an electromagnetic bandgap structure, one end of the electromagnetic bandgap structure is connected with the ground layer, and the other end is connected with the metasurface radiation structure or coupled through a gap.

20. A radio unit, characterized by The antenna system comprises a radio frequency circuit and a feed array coupled and connected, and the feed array is used to excite the metasurface radiation structure to radiate electromagnetic waves through the through hole of the ground layer.

21. The radio unit of claim 20, wherein, The feed array comprises a plurality of feed portions arranged in an array, and the radio frequency circuit comprises a filter corresponding to the feed portion, and the feed portion is coupled and connected with the corresponding filter.

22. The radio unit of claim 21, wherein, The feed portion comprises a feed sheet and a connecting needle, one end of the connecting needle is connected with the feed sheet, and the other end is coupled and connected with the filter.

23. An antenna system, characterized by The antenna system comprises the antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-19, and the antenna system further comprises: The first radio unit adopts the radio unit as claimed in any one of claims 20-22, a feed array of the first radio unit is a first feed array, the first feed array penetrates the first set of through holes of the antenna unit, and the first feed array is arranged opposite to the metasurface radiation structure in the first direction and coupled with the metasurface radiation structure; and / or, The second radio unit adopts the radio unit as claimed in any one of claims 20-22, a feed array of the second radio unit is a second feed array, the second feed array penetrates the second set of through holes of the antenna unit, and the second feed array is arranged opposite to the metasurface radiation structure in the first direction and coupled with the metasurface radiation structure.

24. The antenna system of claim 23, wherein, The antenna system further comprises a radome, and the antenna unit is arranged in the radome; When the antenna system comprises the first radio unit, the first radio unit further comprises a first transceiver board, and the first feed array is connected to the first transceiver board; When the antenna system comprises the second radio unit, the second radio unit further comprises a second transceiver board, and the second feed array is connected to the second transceiver board; When the antenna system comprises the first radio unit and the second radio unit, the first transceiver board of the first radio unit and the second transceiver board of the second radio unit are the same transceiver board or different transceiver boards; The working frequency band of the first radio unit is different from the working frequency band of the second radio unit.

25. A base station, comprising: The antenna system as claimed in claim 23 or 24 is provided.

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