Testing device for mechanical properties of buoyancy material in deep-sea environment, and testing method

Abstract

A testing device for mechanical properties of a buoyancy material in a deep-sea environment, and a testing method. The testing device comprises a separation-type high-pressure cylinder, in which an independent tester is fixedly mounted. The tester comprises a foundation fixed inside the high-pressure cylinder by means of mounting screws, wherein a base is provided on the upper surface of the foundation, an upright is vertically mounted on the base, a guidance key is mounted on the upright, a sphere cage device is mounted at the top of the upright by means of a sphere holder, a spherical specimen is placed in the sphere cage device, the bottom of the sphere cage device is connected to a grating assembly by means of a hook, a guiding mechanism and a support are respectively mounted on the middle and lower part of the upright, a photoreceptor and a light source are respectively provided on two sides of the grating assembly, and the bottom of the grating assembly is connected to the base by means of a metering tension spring. The work of mechanical-property testing on a buoyancy material can be conveniently completed, thereby providing a new effective method for carrying out technical evaluations on buoyancy materials used in a deep-sea environment, confirming the effects of buoyancy-material research, meeting balanced design requirements of submersibles, etc.

Description

Device and method for testing mechanical properties of buoyancy material in deep-sea environment TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mechanical property testing devices, in particular to a device and method for testing the mechanical properties of buoyancy material in a deep-sea environment. BACKGROUND

[0002] The deep sea, which is dark, low-temperature and high-pressure, is the last secret of the earth and is a frontier field that contains major breakthroughs in international earth science, especially marine science. The ability to understand and the level of technical equipment for the deep sea will become a commanding point for maintaining China's maritime rights and interests and developing marine resources. Submersibles have the ability to carry various special equipment and personnel to quickly, accurately and continuously travel between various deep-sea environments, conduct scientific investigations, on-site exploration and development operations, and other comprehensive capabilities, providing important technical support for moving into the deep sea and becoming a marine power in the 21st century. Good balance capability is a crucial basic performance of a submersible and is an important guarantee for achieving submersible seabed maneuvering and stable underwater operations. Buoyancy material for submersibles is a pressure-resistant material with a lower density than the working environment medium, which provides the required buoyancy for the underwater balance of the submersible.

[0003] The smaller the relative density of the buoyancy material for submersibles, the greater the relative net buoyancy it can provide. Currently, most buoyancy materials that can support submersibles for use in the full range of sea depths contain high-molecular polymers. Existing research results show that under the action of the huge water pressure in the deep-sea environment, the physical volume of high-molecular polymers will decrease macroscopically, resulting in a decrease in the amount of liquid displaced and a decrease in the net buoyancy provided. Microscopically, the density of the buoyancy material will increase due to the penetration of water molecules (sea water), further reducing the net buoyancy provided by the buoyancy material.

[0004] Existing research results show that the pressure resistance of high-molecular polymers is also closely related to the external temperature. The higher the temperature, the poorer the pressure resistance of high-molecular polymers, and the easier it is for liquid or gas to penetrate into the interior of the buoyancy material.

[0005] In the prior art, the buoyancy material used in the deep-sea environment is usually tested and researched using a test method in a normal-pressure environment, which cannot involve real process data of the change in the net buoyancy of the buoyancy material in the deep-sea environment.

[0006] The performance of the buoyancy material is mainly measured by measuring the water absorption of the buoyancy material in the prior art. Specifically, the sample is placed in a deep sea simulation environment, and then the water pressure is removed, and the water absorption mass fraction is measured by weighing. Although the water absorption is proved to be related to the water pressure of the environment, the water absorption process data of the buoyancy material in the deep sea environment is not obtained. In addition, during the pressure relief process, the molecular structure and volume of the sample will also change with the change of the pressure, and the measured water absorption is not the water absorption under the true pressure condition. TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0007] The summary of the present situation is that the mechanical properties of the buoyancy material in the deep sea environment are related to the operation safety of the submersible in the deep sea environment. The mechanical property testing of the buoyancy material in the deep sea environment in the prior art is not systematic and scientific enough. The mechanical properties of the buoyancy material measured under the current technical conditions cannot meet the requirements of the accurate and balanced design of the submersible, and cannot provide technical basis for automatic control and safety warning for deep diving operation of the submersible. TECHNICAL SOLUTION

[0008] The applicant provides a testing device and testing method for the mechanical properties of the buoyancy material in the deep sea environment, so that the mechanical property testing of the buoyancy material can be conveniently completed, and a new effective method is provided for technical evaluation of the buoyancy material used in the deep sea environment, confirming the effect of the buoyancy material research, and meeting the balanced design requirements of the submersible.

[0009] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0010] A testing device for the mechanical properties of the buoyancy material in the deep sea environment, comprising a split type high pressure tank, an independent tester is fixedly installed in the high pressure tank, and the specific structure of the tester is: a rack is fixed in the high pressure tank by mounting screws, a base is arranged on the upper surface of the rack, a vertical column is vertically installed on the base, a guide key is installed on the vertical column, a ball cage device is installed on the top of the vertical column through a ball holder, a spherical test piece is placed in the ball cage device, a grating assembly is connected to the bottom of the ball cage device through a hook, a guide mechanism and a support are installed on the middle and lower parts of the vertical column respectively, a photosensitive device and a light source are arranged on both sides of the grating assembly, and the bottom of the grating assembly is connected to the base through a metering tension spring.

[0011] Further technical schemes thereof are:

[0012] The structure of the ball cage device is: including upper and lower corresponding upper ball shell and lower ball shell, the upper ball shell and the lower ball shell are all adopted hollow structure, the upper ball shell and the lower ball shell are locked by ball shell screw, and the space for placing spherical test piece is formed inside, the lower ball shell bottom surface middle position is provided with a hook, the hook is fixed with a weight tray, the weight tray supports A weight and B weight.

[0013] The inner surface radius of the ball cage device is greater than the radius of the spherical test piece.

[0014] The ball holder includes a ball holder guide sleeve sleeved on the column, a ball holder guide groove is formed in the inner wall surface of the ball holder guide sleeve, the ball holder guide groove is in sliding fit with the guide key, the outer wall surface of the ball holder guide groove is provided with a ball holder locking stud, the outer wall surface of the ball holder guide groove opposite to the ball holder locking stud is connected with a bracket through a bracket locking nut, and the bracket has a circular arc structure.

[0015] The structure of the guide mechanism is: including a guide mechanism guide sleeve matched with the column, a guide mechanism guide groove matched with the guide key is arranged in the guide mechanism guide sleeve, a guide mechanism locking stud is mounted on the outer wall surface of the guide mechanism guide sleeve, the outer wall surface of the guide mechanism guide sleeve opposite to the guide mechanism locking stud is connected with a pull rod guide sleeve through a cross bar, and the cross section of the pull rod guide sleeve has a semicircular structure.

[0016] The structure of the grating assembly is: including a grating support, a grating is mounted on the grating support through a grating frame, the grating is made of a glass plate with high transparency, and the surface is finely engraved with grating stripes and visual scales.

[0017] The structure of the high-pressure tank is: including a tank body, an upper tank cap is mounted on the upper part of the tank body through a sealing ring, a lower tank cap is mounted on the lower part of the tank body through a sealing ring, and a waterway interface is arranged on the lower tank cap; a light source cable outlet sealing is arranged to provide sealing for the light source pressure-resistant cable led out of the high-pressure tank; a photosensor cable outlet sealing is arranged to provide sealing for the photosensor pressure-resistant cable led out of the high-pressure tank; a high-pressure tank supporting leg is arranged for fixing the high-pressure tank; a lifting lug is arranged as a specified stress point during assembly and disassembly of the tank body and the upper tank cap; an upper tank cap fixing bolt set is arranged to realize assembly and disassembly of the upper tank cap; a tank body fixing bolt set is arranged to realize assembly and disassembly of the tank body, and a tester mounting plate is arranged as a support body of the tester.

[0018] A testing method of a device for testing mechanical properties of buoyancy materials in a deep-sea environment, comprising the following operation steps:

[0019] S1, testing preparation work:

[0020] A spherical test piece is prepared, the spherical test piece is measured and calculated, the tension spring is measured and calculated, the weight of the tester component in the atmospheric environment is determined, the total weight of the tester component after entering the water is determined, the weights of the A weight and the B weight are determined, the total weight of the A weight and the B weight after entering the water is determined, and all the data and calculation results in the testing preparation stage are recorded.

[0021] S2, assembly and debugging stage:

[0022] After checking that the spherical test piece surface is free of cracks, depressions and other defects, the spherical test piece is loaded into the lower spherical shell, the upper spherical shell is closed, the spherical shell screws are tightened, the A and B weights are placed on the weight tray, and the assembly of the spherical cage device is completed;

[0023] In the laboratory environment, the tension spring anchor, tension spring cross pin, measurement tension spring, spherical cage device, ball holder, grating assembly, guide mechanism, bracket, photosensitive device, and light source are installed on the rack;

[0024] The installed and debugged tester is installed on the tester mounting plate, fixed with mounting screws, and the verticality of the stand on the rack is confirmed. The height and position of the ball holder, grating assembly, guide mechanism, bracket, photosensitive device, and light source are adjusted. The tension rod is confirmed to be in a vertical state and parallel to the stand. The tension rod and the tension rod guide sleeve are confirmed to be well matched, and the tension rod can move up and down freely in the tension rod guide sleeve without jamming or delay. The ball holder is confirmed to be able to stably hold the spherical cage device. The built-in grating reader in the photosensitive device can obtain measurement data within the full range, and the built-in miniature camera can clearly obtain image information of the visual scale;

[0025] The zero adjustment of the tester should be performed when the measurement tension spring is not under stress in theory. In actual operation, the measurement tension spring is kept at the original length, the height and position of the bracket are adjusted, the indicator is confirmed to point to the starting position of the visual scale, and then the display value measured by the built-in grating reader is set to "0" reading;

[0026] After completing the zero adjustment of the tester, the outgoing part of the light source pressure cable is sealed with a light source cable outlet seal, and the outgoing part of the photosensitive device pressure cable is sealed with a photosensitive device cable outlet seal;

[0027] S3, water test stage:

[0028] After completing the assembly and debugging work, the tank body is installed on the lower cap and sealed with a tank body sealing ring, and the tank body is fastened with tank body fixing bolts. During the water injection process, it is determined whether the spherical cage device can float smoothly, whether the tension shown on the monitor computer screen increases, and whether the image recorded by the built-in miniature camera shows the value indicated by the indicator synchronized with the tension shown on the screen;

[0029] When the water level rises to the height of the ball cage device, stop water injection, and visually check whether the ball cage device floats off the ball holder or not.If the ball cage device does not float off the ball holder or the floating height is not enough, it is estimated that the water absorption of the spherical test piece causes the loss of buoyancy, and the ball cage device will fall on the ball holder, so the height of the ball holder should be adjusted again and fixed at a reliable height to ensure that the ball cage device will not sit on the ball holder during the pressure test; After stopping water injection and the water surface is calm, the built-in grating reader accurately reads the elongation of the measuring tension spring, and the built-in miniature camera can roughly read the elongation of the tension spring;

[0030] S4, simulation test phase:

[0031] Install the upper tank cap on the top of the tank body, and seal it with the upper tank cap sealing ring. Tighten the upper tank cap with the upper tank cap fixing bolt set. Inject test water into the complete high-pressure tank from the waterway interface again until the inner cavity of the high-pressure tank is filled; For the influencing factors of the mechanical properties of the buoyancy material: seawater density, seawater temperature and working depth, adjust the seawater density in the high-pressure tank step by step, control the seawater temperature in the high-pressure tank, and increase the seawater pressure in the high-pressure tank step by step. Test, record the change of the buoyancy of the spherical test piece and its change process;

[0032] For the test of the influence of seawater density on buoyancy, the test items, test process and water entry test phase are the same;

[0033] S5,

[0034] For the test of the influence of seawater depth on buoyancy, the test medium is subjected to relevant pressure or pressure relief procedures under the condition that the seawater temperature remains unchanged, and the actual buoyancy of the spherical test piece, the net buoyancy provided by the spherical test piece and their change process are observed and recorded;

[0035] For the test of the influence of seawater temperature on buoyancy, the temperature of the test medium is adjusted under the condition that the working depth remains unchanged, and the actual buoyancy of the spherical test piece, the net buoyancy provided by the spherical test piece and their change process are observed and recorded;

[0036] The data determined in the simulation operation test phase and the calculated data are recorded in the table;

[0037] A large amount of data needs to be recorded during the test. The computer is used for processing and calculation to obtain the measurement results, and the test results are displayed intuitively by graphs and tables. Advantages

[0038] This invention features a compact and rational structure, and is easy to operate. It allows for convenient measurement of the net buoyancy of buoyancy material samples in a deep-sea simulated environment, effectively solving the problem of real-time measurement of the mechanical properties of buoyancy materials in deep-sea simulated environments and accurately reflecting their mechanical properties. By measuring the mechanical properties of buoyancy materials under different water pressures, temperatures, and densities, and understanding their variation processes, the changes in the mechanical properties of buoyancy materials can be systematically grasped, and their variation patterns can be obtained. Furthermore, this invention provides a new and effective method for technical evaluation of buoyancy materials used in deep-sea environments, confirming the effects of buoyancy material research, and meeting the requirements of submersible equilibrium design. The test results of this invention can be applied to submersible automatic control, improving the safety and maneuverability of submersibles during deep-sea operations. This invention is also applicable to the measurement of other buoyancy material standard blocks and buoyancy block products. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 is a technical framework diagram of the present invention (part of the tank is omitted, showing the internal structure).

[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tester of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the ball cage device of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the ball support structure of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grating assembly of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photoelectric device of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grating of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vernier of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the tester of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water immersion test stage of the present invention.

[0049] Wherein: 1, rack; 11, guide key; 12, column; 13, base; 14, mounting screw; 15, pull spring anchor locking nut; 16, pull spring anchor; 17, pull spring horizontal pin; 18, metering pull spring; 2, ball cage device; 21, upper ball shell; 22, ball shell screw; 23, spherical test piece; 24, lower ball shell; 25, A weight; 26, B weight; 27, weight tray; 28, hook; 3, ball holder; 31, ball holder guide sleeve; 32, ball holder locking stud; 33, ball holder guide groove; 34, bracket locking nut; 35, bracket; 4, grating assembly; 40, grating stripe; 41, grating support; 42, grating frame; 43, grating mounting screw; 44, grating; 45, hinge shaft; 46, pull rod; 47, lifting lug locking nut; 48, lifting lug; 49, visual scale; 5, guide mechanism; 51, guide mechanism locking stud; 52, guide mechanism guide sleeve; 53, guide mechanism guide groove; 54, crossbar locking nut; 55, crossbar; 56, pull rod guide sleeve locking nut; 57, pull rod guide sleeve; 6, bracket; 61, grating guide plate; 62, grating guide plate fixing screw; 63, bracket locking screw; 64, bracket guide sleeve; 65, bracket guide groove; 66, bracket seat plate; 7, photosensor; 70, indicator; 71, photosensor fixing screw; 72, photosensor pressure-resistant cable; 73, photosensor cable seal; 74, photosensor pressure-resistant shell; 75, built-in grating reader; 76, built-in miniature camera; 77, photosensor fork; 78, photosensor set screw; 79, photosensor pressure-resistant transparent plate; 8, light source; 81, light source fixing screw; 82, light source pressure-resistant cable; 83, light source cable seal; 84, light source pressure-resistant shell; 85, built-in grating light source; 86, built-in camera illumination light source; 87, light source fork; 88, light source set screw; 89, light source pressure-resistant transparent plate; 9, high-pressure tank; 91, lower tank cap; 911, light source cable outlet seal; 912, tank body seal ring; 915, photosensor cable outlet seal; 92, tank body; 922, upper tank cap seal ring; 93, upper tank cap; 94, lifting lug; 95, upper tank cap fixing bolt set; 96, tank body fixing bolt set; 97, high-pressure tank leg; 98, tester mounting plate; 10, waterway interface; 20, safety valve interface. Best mode of the present invention

[0050] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0051] The specific structure and function of the deep-sea environment buoyancy material mechanical property testing device described in the present invention are as follows:

[0052] Mainly include rack 1, ball cage device 2, ball holder 3, grating assembly 4, guide mechanism 5, bracket 6, photosensor 7, light source 8, high-pressure tank 9, waterway interface 10, safety valve interface 20.

[0053] After the installation and debugging are completed, the test medium injected into the high-pressure tank 9 through the waterway interface 10 constitutes a deep-sea simulation environment. The pressure applied to the test medium can be converted into a corresponding working depth; the temperature of the test medium can simulate a corresponding working temperature; and the density of the test medium can simulate a corresponding seawater density. During the test, in order to prevent the occurrence of a malignant tank explosion accident caused by high pressure, a safety valve interface 20 for overflow and outflow is arranged at the top of the high-pressure tank 9.

[0054] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the rack 1, the ball cage device 2, the ball holder 3, the guide mechanism 5, the support 6, the photosensitive device 7, and the light source 8 can be combined into a functional independent tester, which is debugged in a normal environment outside the high-pressure tank 9. After the debugging work is completed, the tester is installed inside the high-pressure tank 9 and fixed to the tester mounting plate 98 by the mounting screw 14.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 2, the rack 1 is a mounting base structure for related parts of the tester, which is composed of a guide key 11, a column 12, a base 13, and a mounting screw 14. The guide key 11 is used in cooperation with the column 12 to limit the ball holder 3, the grating assembly 4, the guide mechanism 5, and the support 6 to only move up and down during installation and debugging, and not to rotate, thereby reducing the installation and debugging difficulty of the ball holder 3, the grating assembly 4, the guide mechanism 5, and the support 6. The tension spring anchor 16 is installed on the base 13 in a threaded coupling manner. After the height and angle of the tension spring anchor 16 are adjusted in place, the tension spring anchor locking nut 15 is used for fixing. The tension spring cross pin 17 movably connects the lower end of the metering tension spring 18.

[0056] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the ball cage device 2 is composed of a hollow upper ball shell 21 and a hollow lower ball shell 24. The upper ball shell 21 and the lower ball shell 24 are used in a way of opposite buckling to install the spherical test piece 23 into the ball cage. The ball shell screw 22 realizes the installation and removal of the upper ball shell 21 and the lower ball shell 24, and the installation and removal of the spherical test piece 23. The inner surface radius of the ball cage device 2 is greater than the radius of the spherical test piece 23, which ensures that no structural constraint is generated to the spherical test piece 23 during the test, and ensures that the test medium and the outer surface of the spherical test piece 23 are in full contact without blind spots. The hook 28 is arranged on the lower ball shell 24, a weight tray 27 is fixed on the hook 28, and the weight tray 27 supports the A weight 25 and the B weight 26. The hook 28 hooks the lifting lug 48 to movably connect with the guide mechanism 5, thereby facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the ball cage device 2. The ball cage device 2 is used for installing the spherical test piece 23. The A weight 25 and the B weight 26 are selected fixed-weight gravity blocks, which function to reduce the tension of the metering tension spring 18, increase the separation degree of the net buoyancy test value, and improve the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0057] Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 4, the ball holder 3 is composed of a ball holder guide sleeve 31, a ball holder locking stud 32, a bracket locking nut 34, and a bracket 35. The function of the ball holder 3 is to hold the ball cage device 2 and complete positioning on the tester before the ball cage device 2 generates sufficient buoyancy and elongates the measuring tension spring 18. The ball holder 3 is installed on the stand 12 in a small gap sliding fit through the ball holder guide sleeve 31, and the ball holder guide slot 33 is matched with the guide key 11 in a sliding fit to limit the rotation of the ball holder 3. After adjusting the height position of the ball holder 3, the ball holder locking stud 32 is locked to fix the ball holder 3. The bracket 35 is installed on the ball holder guide sleeve 31 in a threaded coupling, and after completing the position and horizontal state adjustment of the bracket 35, the bracket locking nut 34 is used for fixation.

[0058] Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 5, and Fig. 7, the guide mechanism 5 is composed of a guide mechanism locking stud 51, a guide mechanism guide sleeve 52, a crossbar 55, and a pull rod guide sleeve 57. The function of the guide mechanism 5 is to make the pull rod 46 only be able to move up and down in the vertical direction flexibly through the small gap sliding fit of the guide mechanism guide sleeve 52 and the pull rod 46, to ensure that the pull rod 46 pulls the grating assembly 4 to move up and down in the vertical direction accurately, to make the built-in grating reader 75 be able to read the grating stripe 40 and the built-in miniature camera 76 be able to record the image of the visual scale 49 stably and reliably. The guide mechanism 5 is installed on the stand 12 in a small gap sliding fit through the guide mechanism guide sleeve 52, and the guide mechanism guide slot 53 is matched with the guide key 11 in a sliding fit to limit the rotation of the guide mechanism 5. After adjusting the height position of the guide mechanism 5, the guide mechanism locking stud 51 is locked to fix the guide mechanism 5. One end of the crossbar 55 is installed on the guide mechanism guide sleeve 52 in a threaded coupling, and locked by the crossbar locking nut 54. The other end of the crossbar 55 is installed in a threaded coupling, and after adjusting the verticality and the distance from the stand 12 of the pull rod guide sleeve 57, the pull rod guide sleeve locking nut 56 is used for fixation.

[0059] Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 5, and Fig. 7, the grating assembly 4 is composed of a grating bracket 41, a grating frame 42, a grating mounting screw 43, a grating 44, a pull rod 46, and a lifting lug 48. The function of the grating assembly 4 is to provide the elongation information of the measuring tension spring 18 under the condition that the ball cage device 2 generates buoyancy in the liquid, to calculate the buoyancy generated by the spherical test piece 23 by converting the elongation of the measuring tension spring 18. The grating 44 is a glass plate with high transparency, and the surface is finely engraved with grating stripes 40 and visual scales 49. After the grating 44 is embedded in the grating bracket 41, it is covered by the grating frame 42 and fixed by the grating mounting screw 43. The hinge shaft 45 passes through the grating bracket 41 and the pull rod 46 to form a movable hinge. The lifting lug 48 is installed at the end of the pull rod 46 in a threaded coupling, and after adjusting the extension amount of the lifting lug 48, it is locked and fixed by the lifting lug locking nut 47.

[0060] Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, the bracket 6 is composed of grating guide plate 61, bracket locking screw 63, bracket guide sleeve 64, bracket seat plate 66, the function of bracket 6 is to provide installation support for photosensitive device 7 and light source 8. The grating guide plate 61 cooperates with the grating bracket 41 to limit the rotation of the grating assembly 4, and to ensure that the light emitted by the built-in grating light source 85 is vertically incident on the grating 44. After adjusting the position of the grating guide plate 61, it is fixed with grating guide plate fixing screw 62. The bracket 6 is installed on the column 12 in a small gap sliding fit manner through the bracket guide sleeve 64, and the bracket guide groove 65 cooperates with the guide key 11 in a sliding fit manner to limit the rotation of the bracket 6. After adjusting the height position of the bracket 6, lock the bracket locking screw 63 to fix the bracket 6.

[0061] Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the photosensitive device 7 is composed of photosensitive device pressure cable 72, photosensitive device cable seal 73, photosensitive device pressure shell 74, built-in grating reader 75, built-in miniature camera 76, photosensitive device fork 77. During testing, the photosensitive device pressure shell 74 protects the built-in grating reader 75 and the built-in miniature camera 76 from being squeezed by water, and the photosensitive device cable seal 73 prevents high-pressure water from penetrating into the photosensitive device pressure shell 74 through the lead-out part of the photosensitive device pressure cable 72. The end of the photosensitive device pressure shell 74 facing the grating 44 is provided with a photosensitive device pressure transparent plate 79, on which an indicator 70 is engraved. After the photosensitive device pressure shell 74 is inserted into the photosensitive device fork 77, it is fixed with photosensitive device set screw 78. The photosensitive device 7 is installed on the bracket 6 and fixed with photosensitive device fixing screw 71.

[0062] Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, the light source 8 is composed of light source pressure cable 82, light source cable seal 83, light source pressure shell 84, built-in grating light source 85, built-in camera lighting light source 86, light source fork 87. During testing, the light source pressure shell 84 protects the built-in grating light source 85 and the built-in camera lighting light source 86 from being squeezed by water, and the light source cable seal 83 prevents high-pressure water from penetrating into the light source pressure shell 84 through the lead-out part of the light source pressure cable 82. The end of the light source pressure shell 84 facing the grating 44 is provided with a light source pressure transparent plate 89. After the light source pressure shell 84 is inserted into the light source fork 87, it is fixed with light source set screw 88. The light source 8 is installed on the bracket 6 and fixed with light source fixing screw 81.

[0063] Referring to Fig. 1, the high-pressure tank 9 is composed of a lower tank cap 91, a tank body 92, and an upper tank cap 93. The tank body sealing ring 912 provides sealing for the combination of the lower tank cap 91 and the tank body 92; the upper tank cap sealing ring 922 provides sealing for the combination of the tank body 92 and the upper tank cap 93. The lower tank cap 91 is provided with a waterway interface 10; the light source cable outlet sealing 911 provides sealing for the light source pressure-resistant cable 82 leading out of the high-pressure tank 9; the photosensor cable outlet sealing 915 provides sealing for the photosensor pressure-resistant cable 72 leading out of the high-pressure tank 9; the high-pressure tank leg 97 is used for positioning the high-pressure tank 9; the lifting lug 94 is a designated force point for assembling and disassembling the tank body 92 and the upper tank cap 93, ensuring balance and safety during operation; the upper tank cap fixing bolt set 95 enables the upper tank cap 93 to be assembled and disassembled; the tank body fixing bolt set 96 enables the tank body 92 to be assembled and disassembled; and the tester mounting plate 98 is a support for the tester.

[0064] Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, and Fig. 8, the working principle of the photoelectric reader is that the built-in grating light source 85 projects the grating stripes 40 on the grating 44 onto the built-in grating reader 75, and after photoelectric induction, an electrical signal is generated. The electrical signal is transmitted to the signal processor outside the high-pressure tank 9 through the photosensor pressure-resistant cable 72, and after processing by the signal processor, it is converted into height information of the grating 44. The height information is sent to the computer, and the length of the measuring tension spring 18 under stress can be calculated and displayed. The built-in miniature camera 76 records the overlapping image of the visual scale 49 and the indicator 70, simulating visual observation to directly determine the height information of the grating 44. Although the measured tension of the measuring tension spring 18 has low accuracy, it is more intuitive. The two methods are used simultaneously to verify each other and determine whether the test in the pressure vessel is normal.

[0065] In the actual test process:

[0066] (1) Test preparation stage:

[0067] a. Measurement and calculation of the spherical test piece 23:

[0068] As shown in Fig. 3, the radius R of the spherical test piece 23 is measured under laboratory environmental conditions, and the volume is calculated using (Formula 1): V = π·R 3 (Formula 1)

[0069] In the formula:

[0070] V is the volume of the spherical test piece 23, unit: cubic millimeter (mm3); R is the radius of the test piece, unit: millimeter (mm); π is the circular constant, value: 3.14159.

[0071] F2 = ρgV (Formula 2)

[0072] In the formula:

[0073] V is the volume of the spherical specimen 23, unit: cubic millimeter (mm3); p is the density of the liquid, unit: kilogram per cubic meter (kg / m3); g represents a constant, g = 9.8 N / kg.

[0074] b. Measurement and calculation of the measuring tension spring 18:

[0075] As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5, the measuring tension spring 18 is a force spring, and the tension generated by the measuring tension spring 18 has a linear relationship with the elongation deformation. According to the technical data of the measuring tension spring 18, the original length of the measuring tension spring 18 when it is not under stress is measured; the rated tension generated by the measuring tension spring 18 when it is at the rated range length is measured. The stiffness of the measuring tension spring 18 is calculated by (Formula 3).

[0076] In the formula:

[0077] k is the spring stiffness, unit: Newton per millimeter (N / mm), F is the rated tension of the measuring tension spring 18, unit: Newton (N); li is the length of the measuring tension spring 18 when it is at the rated tension, unit: millimeter (mm); lo is the original length of the measuring tension spring 19 when it is not under stress, unit: millimeter (mm).

[0078] c. Determine the weight of the test instrument components in the atmospheric environment:

[0079] Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the weights of the following components will affect the accuracy of the test results, and their weights cannot be ignored. The test components include the upper spherical shell 21, the spherical shell screw 22, the lower spherical shell 24, the weight tray 27, the hook 28, and the grating support 41, the grating frame 42, the grating mounting screw 43, the grating 44, the hinge shaft 45, the pull rod 46, the ear locking nut 47, the ear 48, and the measuring tension spring 18 of the ball cage device 2 in addition to the spherical specimen 23. These components are collectively referred to as test instrument components. In the experimental preparation stage, the total weight of the test instrument components is determined in the experimental environment using a weighing method.

[0080] d. Determine the total weight of the test instrument components after being immersed in water:

[0081] Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the test instrument components will also generate buoyancy in water, and the generated buoyancy of these components cannot be ignored, otherwise it will affect the accuracy of the test results. The test components include the upper spherical shell 21, the spherical shell screw 22, the lower spherical shell 24, the weight tray 27, the hook 28, and the grating support 41, the grating frame 42, the grating mounting screw 43, the grating 44, the hinge shaft 45, the pull rod 46, the ear locking nut 47, the ear 48, and the measuring tension spring 18 of the ball cage device 2 in addition to the spherical specimen 23. These components are collectively referred to as test instrument components. In the experimental preparation stage, the total weight of the test instrument components is determined in the experimental environment using a weighing method.

[0082] e. Determine the weight of A weight 25 and B weight 26

[0083] According to the principle of static equilibrium of forces, the total calculated weight of A weight 25 and B weight 26 is calculated by (Formula 4). G AB = F2 - G2 - G1 - η · F 拉 (Formula 4)

[0084] In the formula:

[0085] GAB is the total calculated weight of A weight 25 and B weight 26; F2 is the theoretical buoyancy of spherical test piece 23; G2 is the weight of spherical test piece 23; G1 is the weight of test instrument components; η is the weight selection coefficient, the value range is 0.75-0.95; F is the rated tension of the measuring tension spring 18.

[0086] According to the calculation result of (Formula 4), A weight 25 and B weight 26 should be selected as standard weights. The difference between the total calculated weight of A weight 25 and B weight 26 and the actual selected weight should be less than 5%-25% of the rated tension of the measuring tension spring 18. If the sum of the gravitational values of the two weights cannot meet the condition, three or more weights can be used.

[0087] f. Determine the total weight of A weight 25 and B weight 26 after entering the water:

[0088] A weight 25 and B weight 26 will also generate buoyancy after entering the water, in order to ensure the accuracy of the test results, the buoyancy of A weight 25 and B weight 26 cannot be ignored. A weight 25 and B weight 26 are combined together, and the weight of A weight 25 and B weight 26 submerged in water under laboratory atmospheric environment is determined by weighing.

[0089] The data determined in the test preparation stage and the results calculated are recorded in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0090] Table 1 Parameter Record Table in Test Preparation Stage

[0091] Table 2 Parameter Record Table in Water Test Stage

[0092] (II) Assembly and debugging stage

[0093] Referring to FIG. 3, under the condition that the surface of the spherical test piece 23 is free of cracks, depressions and other defects, the spherical test piece 23 is assembled into the lower spherical shell 24 according to the requirements shown in FIG. 3, the upper spherical shell 21 is closed, the spherical shell screw 22 is locked, the A weight 25 and the B weight 26 are placed on the weight tray 27, and the assembly of the spherical cage device 2 is completed.

[0094] Referring to Fig. 2, in the laboratory environment, the anchor spring 16, the spring cross pin 17, the metering spring 18, the cage device 2, the ball holder 3, the grating assembly 4, the guide mechanism 5, the bracket 6, the photosensor 7, and the light source 8 are installed on the rack 1 as shown in Fig. 2.

[0095] Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 8, the test instrument installed and debugged as shown in Fig. 2 is installed on the test instrument mounting plate 98, fixed with mounting screws 14, and the upright column 12 on the rack 1 is confirmed to be in a vertical state.

[0096] Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, and Fig. 8, the height and position of the ball holder 3, the grating assembly 4, the guide mechanism 5, the bracket 6, the photosensor 7, and the light source 8 are adjusted; the pull rod 46 is confirmed to be in a vertical state and parallel to the upright column 12; the pull rod 46 is confirmed to be well matched with the pull rod guide sleeve 57, and the pull rod 46 can be flexibly moved up and down in the pull rod guide sleeve 57 without jamming or lagging; the ball holder 3 is confirmed to be able to stably hold the cage device 2; and the built-in grating reader 75 in the photosensor 7 is confirmed to be able to obtain measurement data in the full range, and the built-in miniature camera 76 is confirmed to be able to clearly obtain image information of the visual scale 49.

[0097] Referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 8, the zero adjustment of the test instrument is performed in theory when the metering spring 18 is not under stress, and in actual operation, the height and position of the bracket 6 are adjusted while the metering spring 18 is kept in the original length l0 state, the indicator 70 is confirmed to point to the starting position (“0” reading bit) of the visual scale 49, and then the display value measured by the built-in grating reader 75 is set to “0” reading.

[0098] Referring to Fig. 8, after completing the zero adjustment of the test instrument, the outgoing part of the light source pressure cable 82 is sealed with the light source cable outlet seal 911, and the outgoing part of the photosensor pressure cable 72 is sealed with the photosensor cable outlet seal 915.

[0099] (Three) Water entry test phase

[0100] Referring to Fig. 9, after completing the assembly and debugging work, the tank body 92 is installed on the upper surface of the lower tank cap 91 and sealed with the tank body seal ring 912, and the tank body is fastened with the tank body fixing bolt set 96.

[0101] Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 9, the test water is injected into the high-pressure tank 9 without the upper tank cap 93 from the waterway interface 10, and during the water injection process, it is determined whether the cage device can smoothly float up, whether the tension displayed on the monitor computer screen is increased, and whether the image recorded by the built-in miniature camera 76 shows that the value indicated by the indicator 70 is synchronized with the tension displayed on the screen. According to the above, it is determined whether the system is working abnormally.

[0102] Referring to Fig. 9, the water level rises to the height position of the ball cage device 2, and the water injection is stopped. It is observed whether the ball cage device 2 floats and then separates from the ball holder 3. If the ball cage device 2 does not separate from the ball holder 3 or the height of the separation is not enough, it is estimated that the water absorption of the spherical test piece 23 causes the loss of the floating force, and the ball cage device 2 will fall on the ball holder 3. Therefore, the height of the ball holder 3 should be adjusted again and fixed at a reliable height to ensure that the ball cage device 2 will not be seated on the ball holder 3 during the pressure test.

[0103] Referring to Figs. 6 and 9, after the water injection is stopped and the water surface is calm, the built-in grating reader 75 accurately reads the elongation of the metering spring 18, and the built-in miniature camera 76 can roughly read the elongation of the metering spring 18.

[0104] According to the read metering spring elongation, the tension generated by the metering spring 18 is calculated by formula 5, and is represented by F' tension. F' tension = k · ΔL (formula 5)

[0105] In formula 5:

[0106] F' tension is the tension generated by the metering spring 18 when it enters the water, and the unit is Newton (N). k is the stiffness of the metering spring 18, and the unit is Newton per millimeter (N / mm). ΔL is the elongation of the metering spring, and the unit is millimeter (mm).

[0107] According to the principle of static equilibrium of mechanics, the actual floating force and the net floating force provided by the spherical test piece 23 are calculated by using the measured data, and are calculated by formula 6 and formula 7 respectively. F' 2 = F' + G1 + G2 (formula 6) F" 2 = F' + G1 + G2 (formula 7) 拉 +G1+G AB +G2 (formula 6) F" 2 = F' + G1 + G2 (formula 7) 拉 +G1+G AB (formula 7)

[0108] In formula 6 and formula 7:

[0109] F' 2 is the actual floating force obtained by the spherical test piece 23; F" 2 is the net floating force provided by the spherical test piece 23; F' tension is the tension generated by the metering spring 18 when it enters the water; G1 is the measured weight of the test instrument component after entering the water; G AB is the total weight of the A weight 25 and the B weight 26 after entering the water; G2 is the measured weight of the sample 2.

[0110] The data determined in the water test stage and the data calculated are recorded in Table 2.

[0111] (Four) Simulation test stage:

[0112] Referring to Figures 1 and 5, after completing the water immersion test phase, install the cap 93 on top of the installation tank 92 and seal it with the cap sealing ring 922. Tighten the cap 93 with the cap fixing bolt group 95. Refill the high-pressure tank 9 with test water from the waterway interface 10 until the inner cavity of the high-pressure tank 9 is full. Considering the influencing factors on the mechanical properties of the buoyancy material—seawater density, seawater temperature, and operating depth—adjust the seawater density, temperature, and pressure inside the high-pressure tank 9 step by step, and conduct tests step by step, recording the buoyancy changes and their process for the spherical specimen 23.

[0113] The test on the effect of seawater density on buoyancy was conducted using the same test items and procedures as the water immersion test. The recorded and calculated data are shown in Table 3.

[0114] Table 3 Parameter Recording Table for Simulated Operation Testing Phase

[0115] The test on the effect of seawater depth on buoyancy was conducted by performing relevant pressurization / depressurization procedures on the test medium while keeping the seawater temperature constant. The actual buoyancy (F′2) generated by the spherical specimen 23, the net buoyancy (F″2) provided by the spherical specimen 23, and their changes were observed and recorded.

[0116] The test on the effect of seawater temperature on buoyancy was conducted by adjusting the temperature of the test medium while keeping the operating depth constant. The actual buoyancy (F′2) generated by the spherical specimen 23, the net buoyancy (F″2) provided by the spherical specimen 23, and their changes were observed and recorded.

[0117] The data determined and calculated during the simulation test phase are recorded in Table 3.

[0118] The testing process requires recording a large amount of data, which is then processed and calculated using computers to obtain measurement results. The results are then displayed visually using graphs, tables, and other visual aids.

[0119] The above description is an explanation of the present invention and not a limitation thereof. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Within the scope of protection of the present invention, any form of modification may be made.

Claims

1. A device for testing the mechanical properties of buoyant material in a deep-sea environment, characterized in that: The utility model relates to a kind of high-pressure tank test device, including split high-pressure tank (9), independent tester is fixedly installed in the inside of high-pressure tank (9), the specific structure of tester is as follows: including the rack (1) fixed in the inside of high-pressure tank (9) by mounting screw (14), the upper surface of rack (1) is provided with pedestal (13), vertical mounting is carried out in pedestal (13) on column (12), column (12) is installed guide key (11) on, ball cage device (2) is installed in the top of column (12) by ball holder (3), ball cage device (2) is placed spherical test piece (23) inside, the bottom of ball cage device (2) is connected grating assembly (4) by hook (28), the middle and lower part of column (12) is installed guide mechanism (5) and support (6) respectively, grating assembly (4) is provided with photosensitive device (7) and light source (8) respectively in both sides, grating assembly (4) is connected with pedestal (13) by metering tension spring (18) in the bottom;Safety valve interface (20) is provided on the top surface of high-pressure tank (9), waterway interface (10) is provided on the bottom of high-pressure tank (9).

2. A device for testing the mechanical properties of a buoyant material in a deep sea environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of ball cage device (2) is as follows: including upper ball shell (21) and lower ball shell (24) corresponding to up and down, upper ball shell (21) and lower ball shell (24) are all hollow structure, upper ball shell (21) and lower ball shell (24) are locked by ball shell screw (22) between, and form the space of placing spherical test piece (23) inside, the middle position of lower ball shell (24) bottom surface is provided with hook (28), a weight tray (27) is fixed on hook (28), weight tray (27) supports A weight (25) and B weight (26).

3. The device for testing the mechanical properties of buoyancy materials in a deep-sea environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner surface radius of ball cage device (2) is greater than the radius of spherical test piece (23).

4. The device for testing the mechanical properties of buoyancy materials in a deep-sea environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Ball holder (3) includes ball holder guide sleeve (31) sleeved on column (12), ball holder guide sleeve (31) is opened on inner wall surface ball holder guide groove (33), ball holder guide groove (33) is slidably connected with guide key (11), ball holder guide groove (33) is installed ball holder locking stud (32) on outer wall surface, the outer wall surface of ball holder guide groove (33) on the opposite side of ball holder locking stud (32) is connected bracket (35) by bracket locking nut (34), and bracket (35) is in circular arc structure.

5. The device for testing the mechanical properties of buoyancy materials in a deep-sea environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of guide mechanism (5) is as follows: including guide mechanism guide sleeve (52) cooperated with column (12), guide mechanism guide sleeve (52) is provided with guide mechanism guide slot (53) cooperated with guide key (11) in, guide mechanism guide sleeve (52) is installed guide mechanism locking stud (51) on outer wall surface, the outer wall surface of guide mechanism guide sleeve (52) on the opposite side of guide mechanism locking stud (51) is connected pull rod guide sleeve (57) by cross bar (55), and the section of pull rod guide sleeve (57) is in semicircular structure.

6. The device for testing the mechanical properties of buoyancy materials in a deep-sea environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of grating assembly (4) is as follows: including grating support (41), grating (44) is installed on grating support (41) by grating frame (42), grating (44) adopts glass plate with high transparency, and surface is finely engraved with grating stripe (40) and visual scale (49).

7. The device for testing the mechanical properties of buoyancy materials in a deep-sea environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the high-pressure tank (9) comprises a tank body (92), the upper part of the tank body (92) is fitted with an upper tank cap (93) through a sealing ring, the lower part of the tank body (92) is fitted with a lower tank cap (91) through a sealing ring, and a waterway interface (10) is arranged on the lower tank cap (91); a light source cable outlet sealing (911) is arranged to provide sealing for the light source pressure-resistant cable (82) leading out of the high-pressure tank (9); a photosensor cable outlet sealing (915) is arranged to provide sealing for the photosensor pressure-resistant cable (72) leading out of the high-pressure tank (9); a high-pressure tank supporting leg (97) is arranged for fixing the high-pressure tank (9); a lifting lug (94) is arranged as a designated stress point when the tank body (92) and the upper tank cap (93) are assembled and disassembled; an upper tank cap fixing bolt set (95) is arranged to realize assembly and disassembly of the upper tank cap (93); a tank body fixing bolt set (96) is arranged to realize assembly and disassembly of the tank body (92), and a tester mounting plate (98) is arranged as a support body of the tester.

8. A test method for a device for testing mechanical properties of buoyant material in a deep-sea environment, characterized by: The method comprises the following operation steps: S1, test preparation work: Prepare a spherical test piece (23), measure and calculate the spherical test piece (23), measure and calculate the metering spring (18), determine the weight of the tester component in the atmospheric environment, determine the total weight of the tester component after entering the water, determine the weight of the A weight (25) and the B weight (26), and determine the total weight of the A weight (25) and the B weight (26) after entering the water; and record all the data and calculation results in the test preparation stage; S2, assembly and debugging stage: Check that the surface of the spherical test piece (23) is free of cracks, depressions and other defects, then assemble the spherical test piece (23) into the lower spherical shell (24), close the upper spherical shell (21), lock the spherical shell screw (22), place the A weight (25) and the B weight (26) on the weight tray (27), and complete the assembly of the spherical cage device (2); In the laboratory environment, the anchor of the tension spring (16), the horizontal pin of the tension spring (17), the metering spring (18), the spherical cage device (2), the ball holder (3), the grating assembly (4), the guide mechanism (5), the bracket (6), the photosensor (7), and the light source (8) are installed on the rack (1); Install the tester on the tester mounting plate (98) after installation and debugging, fix it with the installation screw (14), and confirm that the stand (12) on the rack (1) is in a vertical state; Adjust the height and position of the ball holder (3), the grating assembly (4), the guide mechanism (5), the bracket (6), the photosensor (7), and the light source (8); confirm that the pull rod (46) is in a vertical state and parallel to the stand (12); confirm that the pull rod (46) and the pull rod guide sleeve (57) cooperate well, and the pull rod (46) can move up and down freely in the pull rod guide sleeve (57) without jamming or delay; confirm that the ball holder (3) can stably hold the spherical cage device (2); check and confirm that the built-in grating reader (75) in the photosensor (7) can obtain measurement data within the full range, and the built-in miniature camera (76) can clearly obtain image information of the visual scale (49); The zero position of the tester should be calibrated when the measuring spring (18) is not under stress in theory. In actual operation, the height position of the calibration support (6) is adjusted, and the indicator (70) is directed to the starting position of the visual scale (49). Then the display value measured by the built-in grating reader (75) is set to "0" reading. After the zero position of the tester is calibrated, the outgoing part of the light source pressure cable (82) is sealed with the light source cable outlet seal (911), and the outgoing part of the photosensitive cable (72) is sealed with the photosensitive cable outlet seal (915). S3, water entry test stage: After the assembly and debugging work is completed, the tank body (92) is installed on the upper part of the lower tank cap (91) and sealed with the tank body sealing ring (912). The tank body is fastened with the tank body fixing bolt set (96). The test water is injected into the high-pressure tank (9) without the upper tank cap (93) from the waterway interface (10). During the water injection process, it is determined whether the ball cage device can float smoothly, whether the tension displayed on the monitor computer screen increases, and whether the image recorded by the built-in miniature camera (76) shows that the value indicated by the indicator (70) is synchronized with the tension displayed on the screen. When the water level rises to the height position where the ball cage device (2) is submerged, the water injection is stopped. It is observed whether the ball cage device (2) floats away from the ball holder (3) after floating. If the ball cage device (2) does not detach from the ball holder (3) or the detachment height is not sufficient, it is estimated that the water absorption of the spherical test piece (23) causes the loss of buoyancy, and the ball cage device (2) will fall on the ball holder (3). Therefore, the height of the ball holder (3) should be adjusted again and fixed at a reliable height to ensure that the ball cage device (2) does not sit on the ball holder (3) during the pressure test. After stopping the water injection and the water surface is calm, the elongation of the measuring spring (18) is accurately read by the built-in grating reader (75), and the elongation of the spring (18) can be roughly read by the built-in miniature camera (76). S4, simulation test stage: The upper tank cap (93) is installed on the upper part of the installed tank body (92) and sealed with the upper tank cap sealing ring (922). The upper tank cap (93) is fastened with the upper tank cap fixing bolt set (95). Test water is injected again into the complete high-pressure tank (9) from the waterway interface (10) until the inner cavity of the high-pressure tank (9) is filled. For the influencing factors of the mechanical properties of the buoyancy material: seawater density, seawater temperature and operating depth, the inner seawater density of the high-pressure tank (9) is adjusted step by step, the inner seawater temperature of the high-pressure tank (9) is controlled, and the inner seawater pressure of the high-pressure tank (9) is increased. The test is carried out step by step, and the change and process of the buoyancy of the spherical test piece (23) are recorded. The test for the influence of seawater density on buoyancy is carried out. The test items, test process and water entry test stage are the same. S5、 The test for the influence of seawater depth on buoyancy is carried out. Under the condition that the seawater temperature remains unchanged, the relevant pressure or pressure relief program is carried out on the test medium. The actual buoyancy of the spherical test piece (23), the net buoyancy provided by the spherical test piece (23) and the change process are observed and recorded. For the test of the influence of seawater temperature on buoyancy, the temperature of the test medium is adjusted while the working depth remains unchanged, and the actual buoyancy generated by the spherical test piece (23), the net buoyancy provided by the spherical test piece (23) and their change processes are observed and recorded; The data determined in the simulation operation test phase and the data calculated are uniformly recorded in a table; A large amount of data needs to be recorded during the test, and the computer is used for processing and calculation to obtain the measurement results, and the test results are displayed intuitively by graphs and tables.

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