Method and device for wireless access in non-terrestrial network communication

Abstract

An operational method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system is presented. The method may comprise the steps of: acquiring first information related to at least one permitted pre-compensation operation from among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and communicating with a second device (200) on the basis of the first information and the pre-compensation.

Description

Wireless access method and device in non-terrestrial network communication

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a first device may be provided. For example, the method may include: obtaining first information related to at least one allowable pre-compensation operation among a plurality of pre-compensation operations, each of which includes at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and performing communication with a second device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and perform communication with a second device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation that is allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations, each of which includes at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and perform communication with a second device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation that is allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations, each of which includes at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and perform communication with a second device based on the first information and the pre-compensation. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that may be performed by a second device may be provided. For example, the method may include: transmitting, to the first device, first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation that is allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations, each of which includes at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and performing communication with the first device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a second device may be provided. For example, the method may include: transmitting, to a first device, first information related to at least one allowable pre-compensation operation among a plurality of pre-compensation operations, each of which includes at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and performing communication with the first device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit to the first device first information related to at least one allowable pre-compensation operation among a plurality of pre-compensation operations, each of which includes at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and perform communication with the first device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0011] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates a TA component within a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates components of a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) of transparent payloads according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates a terminal-specific TA and a common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates an orbital parameter astronomical format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 shows information related to whether a pre-compensation operation based on ephemeris information is allowed for a type of transmission operation transmitted by a non-terrestrial network to a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates a terminal-to-base station transmission in which a terminal performs a pre-compensation operation to a base station, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig. 16 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 18 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 19 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 20 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0032] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0033] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0034] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0035] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0036] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0037] In the present disclosure, the device obtaining information may include the information being (pre-)set to the device, the information being received from another entity to the device, or the device generating the information.

[0038] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0039] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0040] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0041] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0042] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0043] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0044] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0046] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0047] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0048] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0049] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0050] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0051] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0052] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through the physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0053] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0054] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0055] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0056] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0057] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0058] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0059] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0061] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0062] Table 2 below illustrates the number of symbols per slot (Nslotsymb), the number of slots per frame (Nframe,uslot), and the number of slots per subframe (Nsubframe,uslot) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used.

[0063] CP type SCS (15*2u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0064] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0065] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0066] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0068] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0069] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0070] In the present disclosure, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with a sidelink, a physical control channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with a sidelink, a physical shared channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical shared channel, etc. For example, SL communication may be replaced by device-to-device communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with SL communication, the SL part may be replaced by "device-to-device."

[0071] In the present disclosure, PUCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with uplink, a physical control channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical control channel, a terminal-to-base station physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PUSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with uplink, a physical shared channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical shared channel, a terminal-to-base station physical shared channel, etc. For example, UL communication may be replaced by terminal-to-base station communication or device-to-base station communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with UL communication, the UL part may be replaced by "device-to-base station" or "terminal-to-base station."

[0072] In the present disclosure, PDCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a downlink-related control channel, a downlink-related physical control channel, a base station-to-device physical control channel, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PDSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a downlink-related shared channel, a downlink-related physical shared channel, a base station-to-device physical shared channel, a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel, etc. For example, DL communication may be replaced by base station-to-device communication or base station-to-terminal communication. For example, the DL part in terms referring to various channels and / or signals related to DL communication may be replaced by "base station-to-device" or "base station-to-terminal."

[0073] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0075] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0076] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0077] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0078] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0079] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0080] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0081] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0082] - Optical wireless technology

[0083] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0084] - Quantum communication

[0085] - Cell-free communication

[0086] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0087] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0088] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0089] - Big data analysis

[0090] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0091] - metaverse

[0092] - Block chain

[0093] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0094] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0095] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0096] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0097] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0098] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0100] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the sequence transmitted via the reference signal or synchronization signal may include a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence.

[0101] For example, a ZC sequence x(n) of index n can be e^(-j*pi*q*(n^2) / N_ZC), where N_ZC can be the sequence length and q can be the root index of the sequence. q and N_ZC can be coprime. For example, according to the above formula, a ZC sequence can mean a phase.

[0102] Here, the actual time-based sequence x[n] can be x(n*T_s). For example, T_s can be a sampling period associated with the sequence. The adjacent sample of a sample (x[k]) for index k of the sequence x[n] can mean a sample (x[k]) for index k+1.

[0103] Below, non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN; non-terrestrial network) communication is described.

[0104] A non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) may refer to a network or portion of a network that uses radio frequency resources mounted on a satellite (or, e.g., UAS; unmanned aerial system) platform).

[0105] FIG. 8 illustrates a TA component within a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0106] Referring to Figure 8, applicable TAs may be shown for regenerative payloads and transparent payloads. For example, in Figure 8, the TA offset N_(TAoffset) is not shown for simplicity of presentation, but this may not be intentionally excluded.

[0107] For example, the following solutions for timing advance (TA) of initial access and subsequent TA maintenance can be identified with the term definition diagram of FIG. 8.

[0108] Option 1: Autonomous TA acquisition at the terminal using known position and satellite orbit.

[0109] For example, in this case, the TA value required for a terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) including a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) can be calculated by the terminal. This adjustment can be performed using a terminal-specific differential TA or a full TA (e.g., consisting of a terminal-specific differential TA and a common TA).

[0110] With respect to full TA compensation on the terminal side, both terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) timing and network-side base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) and terminal-to-base station (e.g., UL) frame timing can be aligned. However, for satellites with transparent payloads, further discussion on how to handle the impact of feeder links may be planned for standardization efforts. For example, if the impact caused by feeder links is not compensated for by the terminals through corresponding compensation, the network may need to additionally manage the timing offset between base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) and terminal-to-base station (e.g., UL) frame timing.

[0111] For terminal-specific differential TAs only, additional indications regarding a single reference point may need to be signaled to terminals on a beam / cell-by-beam basis to achieve UL timing alignment between terminals within the same beam / cell coverage. Timing offsets between DL and UL frame timings on the network side may also need to be managed by the network, regardless of satellite payload type.

[0112] Due to concerns about the accuracy of the TA values ​​calculated by the terminal itself, it may be decided in the standardization work to send additional TA signaling from the network to the terminal to improve TA, for example, during initial connection and / or TA maintenance.

[0113] Option 2: Network-directed timing advance adjustment

[0114] In this way, a common TA representing the common component of propagation delay shared by all UEs within the same satellite beam / cell coverage can be broadcast by the network per satellite beam / cell. The computation of this common TA can be performed by the network assuming at least one reference point per satellite beam / cell.

[0115] Similar to prior art TA mechanisms, a network may also require indications for terminal-specific differential TA. For example, to accommodate the broader coverage of NTNs, an explicit or implicit extension of the TA indication value range in RAR may be identified. Whether negative TA values ​​are supported in such indications can be determined during the standardization phase.

[0116] Additionally, display of the timing drift rate from the network to the terminal may be supported, allowing TA to be adjusted on the terminal side.

[0117] When calculating the common TA for the two options above, a single reference point per beam can be considered the baseline. Whether and how to support multiple reference points will be further discussed in the standardization effort.

[0118] For example, for frequency compensation of terminal-to-base station communications (e.g., UL communications), the following solutions can be identified, at least for LEO systems, considering per-beam post-compensation of common frequency offsets on the network side:

[0119] 1. Estimation and pre-compensation of frequency offsets per terminal can all be performed on the terminal side. This value can be obtained using base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) reference signals, terminal positions, and satellite orbits.

[0120] 2. At least in LEO systems, the frequency offset required for UL frequency correction can be indicated to the terminal from the network. This value can be obtained by detecting the terminal-to-base station (e.g., UL) signal (e.g., preamble) on the network side.

[0121] If frequency offset compensation is performed by the network in the uplink and / or downlink, indication of the compensated frequency offset value by the network may also be supported. However, indication of the Doppler drift rate may not be required.

[0122] Detailed signal design for the above improvements may be determined in the standardization effort.

[0123] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, there may be a delay-tolerant retransmission mechanism to disallow feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) within an NR non-terrestrial network, or to optimize feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) within an NR non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN).

[0124] The round-trip time (RTT) of feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) in NR can be on the order of a few milliseconds. Propagation delays within non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN) can be much longer, from a few milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds, depending on the satellite orbit. The round-trip time (RTT) of feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) can be significantly longer in non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN).

[0125] If terminal-to-base station feedback (e.g., UL HARQ feedback) is disabled, problems may occur if (i) the terminal does not receive MAC CE and RRC signals or (ii) the base station (e.g., gNB) does not correctly receive base station-to-terminal packets (e.g., DL packets) for a long period of time without the base station's knowledge.

[0126] For example, if feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) is disabled, the following may need to be discussed:

[0127] 1. Instructing the deactivation of feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) via base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) in the new / reinterpreted field.

[0128] 2. Feedback of new terminal-to-base station control information (e.g., UCI) for reporting base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) or requesting a change in base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) scheduling.

[0129] The following improvements to slot aggregation or blind repetition may be considered:

[0130] 1. Slot aggregation of 8 or more slots

[0131] 2. Time-interleaved slot aggregation

[0132] 3. New modulation coding scheme (e.g., MCS) table

[0133] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a solution may be provided to avoid a reduction in peak data rates in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN). For example, the solution may increase the number of feedback processes (e.g., HARQ processes) in response to increasing satellite round-trip delay to avoid stalls in the feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) procedure. For example, the solution may disable terminal-to-base station feedback (e.g., UL HARQ feedback) and rely on RLC ARQ for stability to avoid stalls in the feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) procedure.

[0134] For example, the following two options may be considered:

[0135] Option 1: Maintain 16 feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs and rely on RLC ARQ for feedback processes (e.g., HARQ processes) that do not allow UE-to-base station feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) via RRC.

[0136] Option 2: Allowing UE-to-base station feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) via RRC, taking into account maintaining 16 or more feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs and a 4-bit feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) ID field in the base station-to-base station control information (e.g., DCI).

[0137] For example, the following solutions may be considered for 16 or more feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs when a 4-bit feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) ID field is maintained in the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI).

[0138] 1. Slot number-based solution

[0139] 2. Virtual process ID based on feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback)-based retransmission timing constraints

[0140] 3. A solution that reuses feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs within RTD (time window).

[0141] 4. A solution that reinterprets the existing base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) field using assistance information from the upper layer.

[0142] 5. Solution to increase the feedback process (e.g., HARQ) process ID field to 4 bits or more.

[0143] The following options may be considered with regard to improving soft buffer management and feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) to reduce pause and wait times:

[0144] Option 1: Reduce stall time with pre-activation / pre-proactive feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback)

[0145] Option 2: Enable / disable the use of configurable feedback buffers (e.g., HARQ buffers) per terminal and per feedback process (e.g., HARQ process).

[0146] Option 3: Reporting the status of feedback buffers (e.g., HARQ buffers) from the terminal.

[0147] For example, the number of feedback processes (e.g., HARQ processes) with additional considerations for feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback), feedback buffer (e.g., HARQ buffer) size, RLC feedback and RLC ARQ buffer size can be further discussed.

[0148] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in places where it is not easy to install wireless communication base stations, the use of NR non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) or LTE non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) services may be considered.

[0149] For example, while existing terrestrial network (e.g., TN; terrestrial network) services such as NR and LTE provide wireless communication services to terminals by installing base stations on the ground, non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) services may mean providing wireless communication services to terminals by installing base stations not on the ground, including satellites (e.g., geostationary orbit satellites, low-orbit satellites, medium-orbit satellites, etc.), airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, etc., instead of installing base stations on the ground. For example, the non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) may also include scenarios such as HAPS (high altitude platform station) and ATG (air to ground).

[0150] For example, in non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN), frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technology may be primarily considered. This may not completely exclude time division multiplexing (TDM). For example, in non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN), terminals may be assumed to have GNSS capabilities.

[0151] FIG. 9 illustrates components of a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) of transparent payloads according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0152] Non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) platforms (especially satellites) can be broadly divided into transparent payloads (Fig. 9) and regenerative payloads depending on the characteristics of the payload.

[0153] For example, in a transparent payload, roles such as radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification are performed, so that the waveform signal of the transmission payload may not be changed.

[0154] Conversely, for example, in the case of regenerative payloads, the functions of frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may also be performed, in addition to demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. Therefore, all or part of the base station functions may be considered to be onboard the satellite.

[0155] FIG. 10 illustrates a terminal-specific TA and a common TA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0156] Referring to Figure 10, a gNB, a satellite, a first terminal, and a second terminal are shown. In a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN), a terminal can calculate its own timing advance (TA) based on its GNSS capabilities and base station indication information (e.g., ephemeris information), which can be referred to as a terminal-specific TA.

[0157] Additionally, a TA calculated based on the common TA parameters indicated by the base station can be named a common TA, and the final TA derived based on this can be as follows.

[0158] The terminal-to-base station frame number i for transmission from the terminal can start as far in advance as T_TA = (N_TA + N_TA,offset + N^COMMON_TA,adj + N^UE_TA,adj) from the start of the corresponding base station-to-terminal frame.

[0159] At this time, N_TA = 0 may be used for terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) transmission.

[0160] At this time, N^COMMON_TA,adj can be derived by the upper layer parameters TACommon, TACommonDrift, and TACommonDriftVariation, or can be 0.

[0161] At this time, N^UE_TA,adj can be calculated by the terminal based on the terminal's position and the astronomical upper layer parameters of the serving satellite, or it can be 0.

[0162] Non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN) may support two astronomical formats. For example, the content may be as follows:

[0163] 1. Position and velocity state vector astronomical format: 132 bits (<17 bytes)

[0164] Here, the size of the field for position (x, y, z)(m) can be 78 bits. The size of the field for velocity (vx, vy, vz)(m / s) can be 54 bits.

[0165] 2. Orbital parameter astronomical format: 164 bits (<21 bytes) (see Figure 11)

[0166] Here, the semi-major axis "α" (m) can be 33 bits. The eccentricity "e" can be 20 bits. The argument of the periapsis "ω" (rad) can be 28 bits. The longitude "Ω" (rad) of the ascending node can be 28 bits. The inclination "i" (rad) can be 27 bits. The average anomaly "M" (rad) at each epoch time can be 28 bits.

[0167] FIG. 11 illustrates an orbital parameter astronomical format according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0168] Referring to Figure 11, each element of the orbital parameter astronomical format illustrated above is shown.

[0169] In satellite-based communications, circular polarization is mainly used to increase the straightness of radio waves, and the polarization information used by the satellite can be transmitted to the terminal through system information block (SIB) signaling.

[0170] For example, the polarization type of the system information block (SIB) signaling that transmits to the terminal what polarization information the satellite uses may include linear, right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP).

[0171] Recently, in the field of mobile communications, research is actively being conducted on non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) that utilize satellites, drones, etc. as network nodes.

[0172] For example, satellites in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) can be broadly divided into satellites with a geosynchronous orbit (e.g., GSO) and satellites without a geosynchronous orbit (e.g., NGSO).

[0173] Additionally, for example, satellites in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) can be classified into low Earth Orbit (LEO), medium Earth Orbit (MEO), and high Earth Orbit (HEO) depending on the satellite's altitude.

[0174] Here, for example, in the field of mobile communications, research is primarily focused on supporting non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN) based on low-Earth orbit (e.g., LEO), which are relatively inexpensive and have high data transmission rates. However, low-Earth orbit (e.g., LEO) satellites are in non-Geosynchronous orbit (e.g., NGSO) and, due to their close proximity to the Earth, require extremely high speeds to maintain their orbit. Therefore, in order to provide services to ground terminals, etc. via low-Earth orbit (e.g., LEO) satellites, it may be necessary to overcome long time delays due to high altitudes and / or the Doppler effect / transition caused by high relative velocities.

[0175] Meanwhile, as a method for overcoming the time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition, a method may be considered in which the satellite provides (to the terminal) ephemeris information related to time, velocity, position, orbit, etc., and the terminal utilizes the ephemeris information to pre-compensate, pre-compensate, post-compensate, and / or post-compensate the time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition.

[0176] However, since ephemeris information has a relatively large data size, reliable reception thereof may be difficult in non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) environments where signal quality is poor due to path attenuation and Doppler effect / transition. Therefore, the present disclosure proposes a wireless access method and device that enable time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition to be quickly compensated for in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN)-based communication environment.

[0177] Although the proposal(s) of the present disclosure below describe non-terrestrial network-based embodiments, the proposal(s) of the present disclosure can also be extended to terrestrial networks.

[0178] [Proposal #01]

[0179] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network-based communication, a method may be provided in which a base station, a network, and / or a satellite transmit (to a terminal) terrestrial and non-terrestrial network common synchronization block and / or system information (hereinafter, first synchronization block and / or first system information) and non-terrestrial network dedicated synchronization block and / or system information (hereinafter, second synchronization block and / or second system information) by distinguishing between them.

[0180] Here, for example, the synchronization block may be composed of one or more synchronization signal(s), system information transmission channel(s) and / or reference signal(s).

[0181] Here, for example, (specific) UE Capability requirements for receiving the above non-terrestrial network dedicated synchronization block and / or system information can be (pre-)defined / promised and / or (pre-)set.

[0182] Here, for example, the first synchronization block and / or the second system information and the second synchronization block and / or the second system information may be transmitted via distinct time, frequency and / or code resources.

[0183] Here, for example, the support / presence and / or transmission resource information of the second synchronization block and / or the second system information can be explicitly and / or implicitly set / indicated via the first synchronization block and / or the first system information.

[0184] Here, for example, a synchronization raster distinct from the first synchronization block and / or the first system information may be applied when transmitting and / or receiving the second synchronization block and / or the second system information.

[0185] Here, for example, the second synchronization block and / or the second system information may include part and / or all of the satellite's ephemeris information (e.g., orbit, altitude, service radius, time, velocity, etc.).

[0186] Here, for example, adjacent resource(s) (based on time axis and / or frequency axis) based on the transmission resources of the above-mentioned synchronization block can be (pre-)promised / defined and / or (pre-)set / indicated as guard resources.

[0187] For example, in a non-terrestrial network-based communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, assuming that a base station (or a network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on a non-terrestrial network, in the non-terrestrial network-based communication, the base station (or the network) can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to ground and / or air terminals via satellite.

[0188] Here, for example, in a base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and / or a terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of a non-terrestrial network, time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift may occur significantly due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, the non-terrestrial network may need to support the terminal to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0189] Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for transmitting (to a terminal) a terrestrial and non-terrestrial network common synchronization block and / or system information (hereinafter, a first synchronization block and / or a first system information) and a non-terrestrial network dedicated synchronization block and / or system information (hereinafter, a second synchronization block and / or a second system information) by distinguishing between the base station, the network, and / or the satellite in a non-terrestrial network.

[0190] Here, for example, the second synchronization block and / or the second system information may be used to support a time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition (pre- and / or post-) compensation operation of the terminal. For example, the terminal may estimate the Doppler effect / transition through the second synchronization block during an initial connection process, etc., estimate the time delay using information such as satellite altitude in the second system information, and then utilize the estimated value(s) to compensate (pre- and / or post-) for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition that may occur during a base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or a terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission).

[0191] Here, for example, the synchronization block may be composed of one or more synchronization signal(s), system information transmission channel(s), and / or reference signal(s). For example, the synchronization block may be composed of a primary synchronization signal (e.g., PSS; Primary Synchronous Sequence), a secondary synchronization signal (e.g., SSS; Secondary Synchronous Sequence), a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH; Physical Broadcast Channel), etc.

[0192] Here, for example, (specific) UE capability requirements for receiving the non-terrestrial network-specific synchronization block and / or system information may be (pre-)defined / promised and / or (pre-)set. For example, the second synchronization block and / or second system information may require a specific reception algorithm with relatively high complexity, and may be utilized only by terminals that support the reception algorithm.

[0193] Here, for example, the support / existence of the second synchronization block and / or the second system information and / or the transmission resource information can be explicitly and / or implicitly set / indicated through the first synchronization block and / or the first system information. For example, the terminal performs synchronization detection mainly on the first synchronization block, and when the first synchronization block is detected, the terminal can determine whether the second synchronization block and / or the second system information is transmitted and / or the (relative) transmission resource position through the first system information. Here, for example, the second synchronization block and / or the second system information can include part and / or all of the satellite's ephemeris information (e.g., movement orbit, altitude, service radius, time, movement speed, etc.).

[0194] According to the proposal of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network, a base station, a network, and / or a satellite may support transmission of dedicated synchronization blocks and / or system information that support (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift, thereby enabling a terminal to perform (pre- and / or post-) compensation based on dedicated synchronization blocks and / or system information without a complex procedure including acquisition of complete ephemeris information of a satellite, thereby efficiently performing an initial access process, which may have the advantage of occurring.

[0195] The above [Proposal #01] can be applied in combination with other proposal(s) to the extent that the actions of the disclosure do not conflict.

[0196] [Proposal #02]

[0197] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a base station, a network, and / or a satellite transmits a synchronization signal and / or a reference signal (to a terminal) in a non-terrestrial network communication, a method may be provided for configuring the synchronization signal (block) and / or the reference signal as a first signal and / or a second signal, and configuring the second signal in one or more of the following ways.

[0198] 1. A method of generating a second signal identical to the first signal.

[0199] 2. Method of generating the second signal as the conjugate signal of the first signal

[0200] 3. A method of generating a second signal by applying differential encoding based on the first signal.

[0201] 4. A method of generating a second signal that is symmetrical to the first signal.

[0202] 5. A method of generating a second signal by applying a cyclic shift of the first signal.

[0203] Here, for example, the first signal and the second signal may be signals belonging to different synchronization blocks.

[0204] Here, for example, the synchronization block may be composed of one or more synchronization signal(s), system information transmission channel(s), and / or reference signal(s).

[0205] Here, for example, (specific) UE Capability requirements for reception of the synchronization signal and / or reference signal can be (pre-)defined / promised and / or (pre-)set.

[0206] Here, for example, the reference signal may be a reference signal for data demodulation (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal) and / or a reference signal for channel state information acquisition (e.g., Channel State Information Reference Signal).

[0207] Here, for example, the first signal may follow a common format between terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks.

[0208] Here, for example, the first signal and the second signal may be transmitted using distinct time, frequency, and / or code resources.

[0209] Here, for example, the differential encoding may mean representing a specific complex value as a phase difference between (adjacent) different sample(s).

[0210] Here, for example, adjacent resource(s) (on the time axis and / or frequency axis) can be (pre-)promised / defined and / or (pre-)set / indicated as guard resources based on the transmission resources of the synchronization signal and / or reference signal.

[0211] Here, for example, the terminal can estimate time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition by utilizing the synchronization signal and / or reference signal.

[0212] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assuming that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) in the non-terrestrial network can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to ground and / or air terminals via satellite.

[0213] Here, for example, high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite may cause significant time delay and / or Doppler shift in the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and / or terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network. Here, the non-terrestrial network may need to support the terminal to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler shift.

[0214] Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for supporting transmission of synchronization signals and / or reference signals that facilitate estimation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift by a base station, a network, and / or a satellite (to a terminal) in a non-terrestrial network. Specifically, for example, when a base station, a network, and / or a satellite transmits a synchronization signal and / or a reference signal (to a terminal) in non-terrestrial network communication, a method is proposed for configuring the synchronization signal (block) and / or the reference signal as a first signal and / or a second signal, and configuring the second signal in one or more of the following ways.

[0215] 1. A method of generating a second signal identical to the first signal.

[0216] For example, the second signal may be a repeated transmission of the first signal. Here, the terminal may combine the first signal and / or the second signal to gain energy gain, thereby improving the accuracy of the Doppler effect / transition estimation.

[0217] 2. Method of generating the second signal as the conjugate signal of the first signal

[0218] For example, the first signal may be a Zadoff Chu (ZC) sequence, and the second signal may be a conjugate Zadoff Chu (ZC) sequence of the first signal. Here, when a Doppler effect / transition exists, the ZC sequence has a characteristic that the peak of the (cross-)correlation shifts in proportion to the Doppler shift, and the conjugate ZC sequence has a characteristic that the peak of the (cross-)correlation shifts in the opposite direction to the original ZC sequence with respect to the Doppler shift.

[0219] Here, for example, the terminal can utilize the above characteristics to perform (time axis) synchronization robust to the Doppler effect / transition and effective Doppler effect / transition estimation. For example, the terminal can calculate the average of the (cross-)correlation obtained from the ZC sequence and the (cross-)correlation obtained from the conjugate ZC sequence, and then determine the peak point of the average correlation as the (time axis) synchronization point.

[0220] 3. A method of generating a second signal by applying differential encoding based on the first signal.

[0221] For example, the second signal may be a signal to which differential encoding is applied to the first signal. Here, the terminal may obtain the first differential sequence by obtaining the phase difference (sample by sample) between the first signal and the second signal, and may obtain the second differential sequence by obtaining the phase difference (sample by sample) between the expected received signal for the first signal and the expected received signal for the second signal.

[0222] Here, for example, since each sample of the first differential sequence and the second differential sequence is a phase difference between samples with equal intervals on the time axis, the Doppler shift has a characteristic that it appears as a fixed phase shift. Here, the terminal can utilize the characteristic to perform (time axis) synchronization that is robust to the Doppler effect / transition and effective Doppler effect / transition estimation. For example, the terminal can obtain the correlation (hereinafter referred to as differential correlation) between the first differential sequence and the second differential sequence, and then determine the peak point of the differential correlation as the (time axis) synchronization point.

[0223] 4. A method of generating a second signal that is symmetrical to the first signal.

[0224] 5. A method of generating a second signal by applying a cyclic shift of the first signal.

[0225] According to the proposal of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network, a base station, a network, and / or a satellite support transmission of synchronization signals and / or reference signals that support (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift, thereby enabling a terminal to quickly acquire information for (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift without a complex procedure including acquisition of complete ephemeris information of a satellite, and thereby advantageously perform a transmission procedure during an initial access process and / or a data transmission / reception process efficiently.

[0226] The above [Proposal #02] can be applied in combination with other proposal(s) to the extent that the actions of the disclosure do not conflict.

[0227] [Proposal #03]

[0228] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a base station, a network, and / or a satellite transmits a synchronization signal and / or a reference signal (to a terminal) in a non-terrestrial network communication, a method may be provided for configuring the synchronization signal (block) and / or the reference signal as a first signal and / or a second signal, applying pre-compensation for time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition to the first signal, and transmitting the second signal without applying pre-compensation for time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition.

[0229] Here, for example, (specific) UE Capability requirements for reception of the synchronization signal and / or reference signal can be (pre-)defined / promised and / or (pre-)set.

[0230] Here, for example, the reference signal may be a reference signal for data demodulation (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal) and / or a reference signal for channel state information acquisition (e.g., Channel State Information Reference Signal).

[0231] Here, for example, the first signal may follow a common format between terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks.

[0232] Here, for example, the first signal and the second signal may be transmitted using distinct time, frequency, and / or code resources.

[0233] Here, for example, pre-compensation for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift may be applied by assuming a specific reference point of the ground served by the base station, network, and / or satellite.

[0234] Here, for example, the base station, network, and / or satellite may (pre-)promise and / or (pre-)set to the terminal whether to pre-compensate (per signal).

[0235] Here, for example, resource(s) located around (on the time axis and / or frequency axis) the transmission resource of the synchronization signal and / or reference signal can be (pre-)promised / defined and / or (pre-)set / indicated as guard resources.

[0236] Here, for example, the terminal can estimate time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition by utilizing the synchronization signal and / or reference signal.

[0237] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assuming that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) in the non-terrestrial network can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to ground and / or air terminals via satellite.

[0238] Here, for example, the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and / or the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network may have significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, for example, the non-terrestrial network may need to support the terminal to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0239] Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for supporting transmission of a synchronization signal and / or a reference signal that facilitates estimation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift by a base station, a network, and / or a satellite (to a terminal) in a non-terrestrial network communication. Specifically, when a base station, a network, and / or a satellite transmits a synchronization signal and / or a reference signal (to a terminal) in a non-terrestrial network communication, the synchronization signal (block) and / or the reference signal is configured as a first signal and / or a second signal, and the first signal is pre-compensated for time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift, and the second signal is transmitted without pre-compensating for time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0240] For example, in non-terrestrial network communications, a base station, network, and / or satellite with high computational power can pre-compensate for potential time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift in a base station-to-terminal link (e.g., downlink) by assuming a specific reference point among the areas of the Earth's surface served by the satellite beam.

[0241] Here, for example, in the case of a terminal-to-base station link (e.g., uplink), there may be more than one link between the terminal and the satellite, so it may be desirable for the terminals to individually pre-compensate for time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift rather than the base station, network, and / or satellite collectively pre-compensating.

[0242] Here, for example, if the base station, network, and / or satellite always pre-compensate for time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift before transmitting through the base station-to-terminal link (e.g., downlink), the terminal cannot detect the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift through channel estimation, and pre-compensation for the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) may be possible only after receiving position information such as ephemeris information of the satellite.

[0243] Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method in which a base station, a network, and / or a satellite transmit a first signal with time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift pre-compensation and a second signal without pre-compensation, and a terminal estimates the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift by comparing the first signal with the second signal or by utilizing the second signal. Here, for example, the terminal can apply pre-compensation for a terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., an UL channel) by utilizing the estimated time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift information.

[0244] According to the proposal of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network, a base station, a network, and / or a satellite support transmission of synchronization signals and / or reference signals that support (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift, thereby enabling a terminal to quickly acquire information for (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift without a complex procedure including acquisition of complete ephemeris information of a satellite, and thereby advantageously perform a transmission procedure during an initial access process and / or a data transmission / reception process efficiently.

[0245] The above [Proposal #03] can be applied in combination with other proposal(s) to the extent that the actions of the disclosure do not conflict.

[0246] [Proposal #04]

[0247] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a base station, a network, and / or a satellite transmits a synchronization signal and / or a reference signal (to a terminal) in a non-terrestrial network communication, a method may be provided for configuring the synchronization signal (block) and / or the reference signal as a first signal and / or a second signal, and transmitting the second signal so that a relative transmission resource position (relative to the first signal) is distinguished according to a sequence of the first signal and / or a seed value of the sequence.

[0248] Here, for example, (specific) UE Capability requirements for reception of the synchronization signal and / or reference signal can be (pre-)defined / promised and / or (pre-)set.

[0249] Here, for example, the reference signal may be a reference signal for data demodulation (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal) and / or a reference signal for channel state information acquisition (e.g., Channel State Information Reference Signal).

[0250] Here, for example, the first signal may follow a common format between terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks.

[0251] Here, for example, the first signal and the second signal may be transmitted using distinct time, frequency, and / or code resources.

[0252] Here, for example, the terminal can estimate time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition by utilizing the synchronization signal and / or reference signal.

[0253] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assuming that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) in the non-terrestrial network can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to ground and / or air terminals via satellite.

[0254] Here, for example, the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and / or the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network may have significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, for example, the non-terrestrial network may need to support the terminal to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0255] Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for supporting the transmission of synchronization signals and / or reference signals that facilitate the estimation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift by a base station, a network, and / or a satellite (to a terminal) in a non-terrestrial network. Specifically, the base station, the network, and / or the satellite may transmit a pair of synchronization signals and / or reference signals, each consisting of a first signal and a second signal, for the purpose of assisting the terminal in estimating the Doppler effect / shift.

[0256] Here, for example, the transmission resource location of the second signal relative to the first signal can be transmitted so as to be distinguished according to the sequence of the first signal and / or the seed value of the sequence. For example, the terminal can obtain the first differential sequence by obtaining the phase difference (per sample) between the first signal and the second signal, and can obtain the second differential sequence by obtaining the phase difference (per sample) between the expected received signal for the first signal and the expected received signal for the second signal.

[0257] Here, for example, since each sample of the first differential sequence and the second differential sequence is a phase difference between samples with equal intervals on the time axis, the Doppler shift has the characteristic of appearing as a fixed phase shift. For example, after obtaining the correlation (hereinafter referred to as differential correlation) between the first differential sequence and the second differential sequence, the terminal can determine the peak point of the differential correlation as the (time axis) synchronization point.

[0258] Here, for example, the first differential sequence and / or the second differential sequence may have a high (cross-)correlation with the differential sequence(s) introduced by the synchronization signal and / or the reference signal from the adjacent cell, in which case the synchronization performance may be degraded. Therefore, in the present disclosure, a method is proposed to mitigate interference from the synchronization signal and / or the reference signal from the adjacent cell from the viewpoint of calculating the correlation by distinguishing the transmission resource location of the second signal (relative to the first signal) according to the sequence of the first signal and / or the seed value of the sequence.

[0259] According to the proposal of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network, a base station, a network, and / or a satellite support transmission of synchronization signals and / or reference signals that support (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift, thereby enabling a terminal to quickly acquire information for (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift without a complex procedure including acquisition of complete ephemeris information of a satellite, and thereby advantageously perform a transmission procedure during an initial access process and / or a data transmission / reception process efficiently.

[0260] The above [Proposal #04] can be applied in combination with other proposal(s) to the extent that the actions of the disclosure do not conflict.

[0261] [Proposal #05]

[0262] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a base station, a network, and / or a satellite transmits a synchronization signal and / or a reference signal (to a terminal) in a non-terrestrial network communication, a method may be proposed in which a second sequence is generated by differentially encoding a first sequence between samples adjacent to each other (in a time axis and / or a frequency axis), and then the second sequence is transmitted in one or more of the following manners.

[0263] 1. A method of transmitting the sample(s) of the second sequence by mapping them to the time axis sample(s).

[0264] 2. A method of applying a specific transformation (e.g., DFT transformation and / or IDFT transformation) to the second sequence and then transmitting the transformed sample(s) by mapping them to frequency axis sample(s).

[0265] Here, for example, (specific) UE Capability requirements for reception of the synchronization signal and / or reference signal can be (pre-)defined / promised and / or (pre-)set.

[0266] Here, for example, the reference signal may be a reference signal for data demodulation (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal) and / or a reference signal for channel state information acquisition (e.g., Channel State Information Reference Signal).

[0267] Here, for example, the first sequence may be a CAZAC (Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation) sequence and / or a PN (Pseudo Random Noise) sequence.

[0268] Here, for example, the differential encoding may mean representing a specific complex value as a phase difference between (adjacent) different sample(s).

[0269] Here, for example, the Root Index and / or the seed value of the first sequence may be determined by the cell identifier and / or set / indicated by the base station, network, and / or satellite, and / or implied by other synchronization signals and / or reference signals.

[0270] Here, for example, the second sequence may be a Differential Zadoff-Chu (DZC) sequence.

[0271] Here, for example, adjacent resource(s) (on the time axis and / or frequency axis) can be (pre-)promised / defined and / or (pre-)set / indicated as guard resources based on the transmission resources of the synchronization signal and / or reference signal.

[0272] Here, for example, the terminal can estimate time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition by utilizing the synchronization signal and / or reference signal.

[0273] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assuming that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) in the non-terrestrial network can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to ground and / or air terminals via satellite.

[0274] Here, for example, the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and / or the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network may have significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, for example, the non-terrestrial network may need to support the terminal to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0275] Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for supporting the transmission of synchronization signals and / or reference signals that facilitate the estimation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift (to a terminal) by a base station, a network, and / or a satellite in a non-terrestrial network. More specifically, when a base station, a network, and / or a satellite transmits synchronization signals and / or reference signals (to a terminal) in non-terrestrial network communication, a method is proposed for generating a second sequence in which a first sequence is differentially encoded between samples adjacent to each other (in the time axis and / or frequency axis), and then transmitting the second sequence in one or more of the following manners.

[0276] 1. A method of transmitting the sample(s) of the second sequence by mapping them to the time axis sample(s).

[0277] 2. A method of applying a specific transformation (e.g., DFT transformation and / or IDFT transformation) to the second sequence and then transmitting the transformed sample(s) by mapping them to frequency axis sample(s).

[0278] For example, the first sequence may be a Zadoff Chu (ZC) sequence, and the second sequence may be a Differential Zadoff Chu (DZC) sequence in which the phase difference between adjacent samples of the sequence is given by the ZC sequence. Here, for example, DZC is a form suitable for a terminal to perform a synchronization process based on differential correlation, and has the advantage of accurately estimating time delay and Doppler shift even in a channel environment in which the Doppler effect / shift exists.

[0279] Here, for example, the second sequence may have a robust effect against Doppler shift, etc., as long as the structure is guaranteed on the time axis. However, when following a multiplexing method such as orthogonal frequency multiple access (e.g., OFDM), if the synchronization signal and / or reference signal are mapped on the time axis and transmitted, FDM with other transmission signals and / or channel(s) may not be easy.

[0280] Therefore, the present disclosure proposes a method of transmitting the second sequence by mapping the transformed sample(s) to frequency-axis sample(s) after performing a DFT transformation. Here, for example, since the time before the DFT transformation is interpreted as a (virtual) time-axis resource, the Doppler shift robustness of the second sequence can be guaranteed.

[0281] According to the proposal of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network, a base station, a network, and / or a satellite support transmission of synchronization signals and / or reference signals that support (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift, thereby enabling a terminal to quickly acquire information for (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift without a complex procedure including acquisition of complete ephemeris information of a satellite, and thereby advantageously perform a transmission procedure during an initial access process and / or a data transmission / reception process efficiently.

[0282] The above [Proposal #05] can be applied in combination with other proposal(s) to the extent that the actions of the disclosure do not conflict.

[0283] [Proposal #06]

[0284] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided in which a base station, a network, and / or a satellite in a non-terrestrial network provides (to a terminal) one or more of the following information via system information.

[0285] - (Satellite) altitude information

[0286] - Angular information between the nadir direction (of the satellite) and the service beam direction (or reference point direction)

[0287] - Information related to the range / radius / diameter of the service beam (of the satellite)

[0288] - Information related to the distance and / or time delay between the satellite and the ground control point.

[0289] - Information regarding the distance and / or time delay between the satellite and the backbone network (e.g., Feeder Link).

[0290] - Information regarding the tolerance range for time axis and / or frequency axis synchronization.

[0291] - Information related to RP (Reference Point) information regarding terminal-to-base station link (e.g., uplink) transmission timing

[0292] Here, for example, the system information may be information provided together with a synchronization signal (e.g., PBCH).

[0293] Here, for example, the information may be provided in the form of a single value or transmitted in the form of a range of values.

[0294] Here, for example, the elevation information may include information related to the (maximum) elevation angle. For example, the elevation angle information may be information calculated by assuming a specific reference point.

[0295] Here, for example, the terminal can utilize the system information to determine the terminal-to-base station link (e.g., uplink) transmission timing of a specific terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) (e.g., RACH).

[0296] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assuming that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) in the non-terrestrial network can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to ground and / or air terminals via satellite.

[0297] Here, for example, the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and / or the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network may have significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, for example, the non-terrestrial network may need to support the terminal to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0298] Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for providing simplified satellite information that facilitates estimation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift in a non-terrestrial network, by a base station, network, and / or satellite. More specifically, the present disclosure proposes a method for providing one or more of the following information to a terminal via system information in a non-terrestrial network, by a base station, network, and / or satellite.

[0299] - (Satellite) altitude information

[0300] - Information related to the range / radius / diameter of the service beam (of the satellite)

[0301] - Information related to the angle between the nadir direction (of the satellite) and the service beam direction (or reference point direction).

[0302] - Information related to the distance and / or time delay between the satellite and the ground control point.

[0303] - Information regarding the distance and / or time delay between the satellite and the backbone network (e.g., Feeder Link).

[0304] - Information regarding the tolerance range for time axis and / or frequency axis synchronization.

[0305] - Information related to RP (Reference Point) for terminal-to-base station link (e.g., uplink) transmission timing

[0306] For example, assuming that a low Earth orbit (e.g., LEO) satellite is located at an altitude of 600 km and that a transmission beam of the low Earth orbit (e.g., LEO) satellite serves a circle with a diameter of less than 50 km on the surface of the earth, the distance between the satellite and the terminal can be calculated by adding a change of about 25 km in radius to the altitude of 600 km depending on the location of the terminal within the service area.

[0307] Here, for example, since coverage of up to 100 km was supported with the PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) preamble even in conventional systems including 4G and / or 5G, in the next-generation communication system, if only the time delay due to the altitude difference between the satellite and the terminal is corrected, the remaining time delay due to the distance error can be overcome through the channel design such as PRACH.

[0308] For example, a base station, network, and / or satellite may provide only altitude information to the terminal as system information, and the terminal may adjust the terminal-to-base station link (e.g., uplink) transmission timing to compensate for the altitude-related time delay. For example, a TA (Timing Advance) value may be applied equal to the altitude-related time delay.

[0309] Additionally, for example, when a satellite's service beam is provided at a specific angle, the satellite, base station, and / or network may provide the terminal with information about the angle formed by the service beam relative to the nadir direction by adding it to the altitude information. Here, for example, the terminal may estimate the distance from the satellite to a specific service reference point (on the ground) by utilizing the altitude information and the service angle and / or elevation angle (e.g., elevation angle) information. Here, for example, the estimated distance information may be utilized to compensate for time delays.

[0310] According to the proposal of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network, a base station, a network, and / or a satellite provide simplified satellite information that supports (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift as (initial) system information, so that a terminal can quickly obtain information for (pre- and / or post-) compensation of time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift without a complex procedure including obtaining complete ephemeris information of a satellite, and thereby have the advantage of efficiently performing a transmission procedure during an initial access process and / or a data transmission and reception process.

[0311] The above [Proposal #06] may be applied in combination with other proposal(s) to the extent that the actions of the disclosure do not conflict.

[0312] [Proposal #07]

[0313] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided in which a base station, a network, and / or a satellite and / or a terminal in a non-terrestrial network expects and / or applies time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift pre-compensation to a terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., an UL transmission channel) in one or more of the following ways:

[0314] 1. Doppler effect / transition pre-compensation method based on synchronization signal (block) and / or reference signal.

[0315] 2. Pre-compensation method for time delay based on satellite altitude, elevation angle, service angle, and / or service radius information.

[0316] 3. Position, time delay based on satellite ephemeris information, and / or Doppler effect / transient pre-compensation method.

[0317] Here, for example, the altitude information may include (maximum) elevation angle information. For example, the elevation angle information may be information calculated by assuming a specific reference point.

[0318] Here, for example, the service angle may mean the angle between the nadir direction of the satellite and the service beam direction.

[0319] Here, for example, the expected and / or applicable time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift pre-compensation schemes may differ for each terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., UL transmission channel). For example, pre-compensation schemes without and / or with ephemeris information may be allowed for the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) during the initial connection process, while only pre-compensation schemes with ephemeris information may be allowed for the data transmission channel after the initial connection.

[0320] Here, for example, the terminal can report the difference between different pre-compensation schemes to the base station, network, and / or satellite.

[0321] Here, for example, the terminal may request transmission of a base station-to-terminal link (e.g., downlink) synchronization / reference signal and / or system information for a specific pre-compensation scheme.

[0322] Here, for example, the time and / or timer for determining that the synchronization of the terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., UL transmission channel) is valid can be managed independently for each pre-compensation method. For example, if multiple pre-compensation methods are supported for a specific terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., UL transmission channel), if the synchronization validity of the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) is guaranteed for at least one pre-compensation method, the synchronization of the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) can be determined to be valid.

[0323] FIG. 12 illustrates information regarding whether a pre-compensation operation based on ephemeris information is permitted for a type of transmission operation transmitted by a non-terrestrial network to a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0324] For example, a non-terrestrial network may transmit information to a terminal regarding whether or not to allow pre-compensation operations based on ephemeris information. For example, the information may include information regarding whether pre-compensation operations based on ephemeris information are allowed for various communication operations performed by the terminal. For example, in the present embodiment, pre-compensation operations based on ephemeris information may be allowed (or not allowed) for data channel transmission operations of the terminal based on the information, and / or pre-compensation operations based on ephemeris information may also be allowed (or not allowed) for initial connection operations of the terminal.

[0325] Figure 13 illustrates a terminal-to-base station transmission, in which a terminal performs a pre-compensation operation, to a base station, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0326] Referring to FIG. 13, a terminal may perform a pre-compensation operation for a terminal-to-base station transmission. Subsequently, the terminal-to-base station transmission, for which the pre-compensation operation has been performed, may be performed to the base station. For example, the pre-compensation operation may include various pre-compensation operations described in the present disclosure. For example, the pre-compensation operation may be performed based on ephemeris information.

[0327] Thereafter, the base station can receive the transmission by assuming that pre-compensation operations have been performed for the terminal-to-base station transmission. In this embodiment, the base station may be a non-terrestrial network. Through this embodiment, the Doppler effect / shift due to the satellite's rapid movement speed and altitude can all be considered in non-terrestrial network communications, enabling smooth wireless communication.

[0328] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assuming that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) in the non-terrestrial network can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to ground and / or air terminals via satellite.

[0329] Here, for example, the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and / or the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network may have significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, for example, the non-terrestrial network may need to support the terminal to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0330] Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for a base station, a network, and / or a satellite in a non-terrestrial network to expect and / or allow (to a terminal) to pre-compensate for time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift in one or more ways. Specifically, for example, the present disclosure proposes a method for a base station, a network, a satellite, and / or a terminal in a non-terrestrial network to expect and / or apply time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift pre-compensation in one or more of the following ways for a terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., an UL transmission channel).

[0331] 1. Doppler effect / transition pre-compensation method based on synchronization signal (block) and / or reference signal.

[0332] 2. Pre-compensation method for time delay based on satellite altitude, elevation angle, service angle, and / or service radius information.

[0333] 3. Position, time delay based on satellite ephemeris information, and / or Doppler effect / transient pre-compensation method.

[0334] Here, for example, the expected and / or applicable time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition pre-compensation scheme may be different for each terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., UL transmission channel).

[0335] For example, for a terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) (e.g., PRACH) during the initial access process, a pre-compensation scheme without and / or with ephemeris information may be allowed (or may not be allowed), and for a data transmission channel (e.g., PUSCH) after the initial access, only a pre-compensation scheme with ephemeris information may be allowed (or a pre-compensation scheme not using ephemeris information may be allowed).

[0336] Here, for example, the time and / or timer for determining that the synchronization of the terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., UL transmission channel) is valid can be managed independently for each pre-compensation method. For example, if multiple pre-compensation methods are supported for a specific terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., UL transmission channel), if the synchronization validity of the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) is guaranteed for at least one pre-compensation method, the synchronization of the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) can be determined to be valid.

[0337] According to the above-described proposal of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network, a base station, a network, and / or a satellite may allow / expect one or more (pre- and / or post-) compensation schemes for time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift, thereby allowing a terminal to apply an appropriate (pre- and / or post-) compensation scheme according to a terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel), thereby resulting in an advantage that transmission procedures during the initial access process and / or data transmission / reception process can be efficiently performed.

[0338] The above [Proposal #07] may be applied in combination with other proposal(s) to the extent that the actions of the disclosure do not conflict.

[0339] [Proposal #08]

[0340] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network, a base station, a network, a satellite, and / or a terminal may support a time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift pre-compensation scheme (hereinafter, a first pre-compensation scheme) not based on ephemeris information for a terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., an UL transmission channel) / base station-to-terminal transmission channel (e.g., a DL transmission channel) and a time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift pre-compensation scheme (hereinafter, a second pre-compensation scheme) based on ephemeris information, and may set a pre-compensation scheme for each terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., an UL transmission channel) / base station-to-terminal transmission channel (e.g., a DL transmission channel).

[0341] Here, for example, the base station (or network node) may be configured not to apply pre-compensation to the terminal for (a specific) terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., UL transmission channel) and / or base station-to-terminal transmission channel (e.g., DL transmission channel).

[0342] Here, for example, in the first pre-compensation method, the terminal can pre-compensate for time delay based on information related to the altitude, altitude angle, and / or service angle of the satellite.

[0343] Here, for example, in the first pre-compensation method, the terminal can pre-compensate the Doppler effect / transition based on the Doppler effect / transition information estimated through the base station-to-terminal link (e.g., downlink) synchronization signal and / or reference signal.

[0344] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assuming that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) in the non-terrestrial network can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to ground and / or air terminals via satellite.

[0345] Here, for example, the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and / or the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network may have significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, for example, the non-terrestrial network may need to support the terminal to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0346] Here, for example, in the above pre-compensation method, the satellite's ephemeris information may or may not be utilized. Here, for example, when a base station (or network node) and / or a terminal utilizes a pre-compensation method utilizing the satellite's ephemeris information for transmission, the accuracy of compensation for time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift, etc. is improved compared to when the ephemeris information is not utilized, but there may be a disadvantage in that transmission delay occurs for acquiring the ephemeris information. Here, for example, if (preferably) the terminal can perform pre-compensation without ephemeris information, allowing pre-compensation-based transmission that is not based on ephemeris information may be a way to shorten the transmission delay.

[0347] Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for supporting a time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift pre-compensation scheme (hereinafter, a first pre-compensation scheme) not based on ephemeris information and a time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift pre-compensation scheme (hereinafter, a second pre-compensation scheme) based on ephemeris information for a terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., an UL transmission channel) / base station-to-terminal transmission channel (e.g., a DL transmission channel) in a non-terrestrial network, and setting the pre-compensation scheme for each terminal-to-base station transmission channel (e.g., an UL transmission channel) / base station-to-terminal transmission channel (e.g., a DL transmission channel).

[0348] Here, for example, the base station (or network node) can configure the application of one or more of the two pre-compensation methods for each transmission channel to the terminal. For example, the base station (or network node) can configure no pre-compensation at all, configure only one of the two pre-compensation methods (e.g., the first pre-compensation method and the second pre-compensation method), or configure both pre-compensation methods. Here, for example, if both of the above-mentioned pre-compensation methods are configured, the process of finally selecting the pre-compensation method can depend on the terminal implementation.

[0349] According to the above-described proposal of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network, a base station, a network, and / or a satellite may allow / expect one or more (pre- and / or post-) compensation schemes for time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift, thereby enabling a terminal to apply an appropriate (pre- and / or post-) compensation scheme according to a terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel), thereby providing an advantage of efficiently performing a transmission procedure during an initial access process and / or a data transmission / reception process.

[0350] The above [Proposal #08] may be applied in combination with other proposal(s) to the extent that the actions of the disclosure do not conflict.

[0351] [Proposal #09]

[0352] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a base station, a network, a satellite, and / or a terminal in a non-terrestrial network support a time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition pre-compensation method not based on ephemeris information (hereinafter, a first pre-compensation method) and a time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition pre-compensation method based on ephemeris information (hereinafter, a second pre-compensation method) for an initial access process, a method for independently setting and / or defining initial access resources applicable to each of the pre-compensation methods may be proposed.

[0353] Here, for example, the initial access resource may include a random access channel (e.g., RACH) resource.

[0354] Here, for example, when the terminal performs the first pre-compensation method-based initial connection process (hereinafter, the first initial connection process), the terminal may postpone the second pre-compensation method-based initial connection process (hereinafter, the second initial connection process) (for a certain period of time or while the first initial connection process is in progress).

[0355] Here, for example, when the terminal performs the initial connection process (hereinafter, the second initial connection process) based on the second pre-compensation method, the terminal may postpone the initial connection process (hereinafter, the first initial connection process) based on the first pre-compensation method (for a certain period of time or while the second initial connection process is in progress).

[0356] Here, for example, for the first pre-compensation method, initial access resources for relatively long coverage may be set, and for the second pre-compensation method, initial access resources for relatively short coverage may be set.

[0357] Here, for example, initial access resources that are relatively robust to time and / or frequency axis offsets can be set for the first pre-compensation scheme compared to the second pre-compensation scheme.

[0358] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assuming that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) in the non-terrestrial network can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to ground and / or air terminals via satellite.

[0359] Here, for example, the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and / or the terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network may have significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, for example, the non-terrestrial network may need to support the terminal to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0360] Here, for example, especially for the initial access process, the base station (or network node) and / or terminal may support an initial access process based on a time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift pre-compensation method (hereinafter, the first pre-compensation method) that is not based on the satellite's ephemeris information in order to support a fast initial access process. In addition, for example, in order to increase the stability of the initial access process, the base station (or network node) and / or terminal may also support an initial access process based on a time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift pre-compensation method (hereinafter, the second pre-compensation method) based on the ephemeris information.

[0361] Here, for example, the applicable initial access resources for the first pre-compensation method and the second pre-compensation method (preferably) may be distinguished. For example, when the first pre-compensation method is applied, the error after pre-compensation for time delay and / or Doppler effect / transition may be relatively large compared to when using ephemeris, and therefore, compared to the second pre-compensation method, initial access resources that are relatively robust to time and / or frequency axis offsets may be set and utilized.

[0362] For example, in the case of a second pre-compensation scheme that performs pre-compensation based on ephemeris information, errors in time and / or frequency axis offsets (after pre-compensation) can be mitigated, and relatively simplified and / or mitigated initial access resources can be set and utilized. Here, for example, the terminal may not perform the initial access process for two different pre-compensation schemes simultaneously, and for example, when performing the initial access process based on the first (or second) pre-compensation scheme, the initial access process based on the second (or first) pre-compensation scheme may be postponed (for a certain period of time).

[0363] According to the above-described proposal of the present disclosure, in a non-terrestrial network, a base station, a network, and / or a satellite may allow / expect one or more (pre- and / or post-) compensation schemes for time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift, thereby enabling a terminal to apply an appropriate (pre- and / or post-) compensation scheme according to a terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel), thereby providing an advantage of efficiently performing a transmission procedure during an initial access process and / or a data transmission / reception process.

[0364] The above [Proposal #09] may be applied in combination with other proposal(s) to the extent that the actions of the disclosure do not conflict.

[0365] The above proposed method can be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., sidelink) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., sidelink) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0366] A non-terrestrial network (NTN) can refer to a base station or network that supports wireless communications, not on the ground, but in the air or orbit. Non-terrestrial networks can include drones, satellites, and other devices. Depending on the payload type, they can include transparent payload networks and regenerative payload networks. Depending on the type, non-terrestrial networks can move very quickly, requiring Doppler shift considerations for non-terrestrial network-based communications.

[0367] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal may perform a pre-compensation operation according to a transmission channel based on information on whether to perform a pre-compensation operation based on ephemeris information of a non-terrestrial network on a specific transmission channel.

[0368] For example, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when orbital information of a network is required, a pre-compensation operation considering ephemeris information can be applied, and when orbital information is relatively less required, the delay required for acquiring large-capacity ephemeris information can be reduced, thereby generating an optimization effect of non-terrestrial network-based communication.

[0369] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0370] Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1410, the first device may obtain first information related to at least one allowable pre-compensation operation among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation. In step S1420, the first device may perform communication with the second device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0371] For example, the first pre-compensation operation may be a pre-compensation operation based on ephemeris information, and the second pre-compensation operation may be a pre-compensation operation not based on ephemeris information.

[0372] For example, based on the first information, the pre-compensation operation based on the ephemeris information and the pre-compensation operation based on the non-ephemeris information may be allowed in the initial connection procedure, and based on the first information, the pre-compensation operation based on the ephemeris information may be allowed in the data channel transmission operation, and the pre-compensation operation based on the non-ephemeris information may not be allowed.

[0373] For example, additionally, the first device may receive first ephemeris information related to the non-terrestrial network. For example, the first pre-compensation operation may be performed based on the first ephemeris information.

[0374] For example, the second pre-compensation operation is an operation related to Doppler shift, and the second pre-compensation operation can be performed based on a synchronization signal or a reference signal.

[0375] For example, the second pre-compensation operation may be performed based on at least one of an elevation angle of the first device, an altitude of the satellite, an elevation angle of the satellite, a service angle of the satellite, or a time delay associated with a service radius of the satellite.

[0376] For example, additionally, the first device may receive a first signal block related to Doppler estimation. For example, the first signal block may include a first signal and a second signal, and the second signal may be generated based on the first signal.

[0377] For example, the second signal may be generated based on the first signal through at least one of repetition, conjugate, differential encoding, symmetry, or cyclic transition.

[0378] For example, the first signal block may be a first synchronization signal block associated with a non-terrestrial network, and the first signal block may be different from a second synchronization signal block associated with a terrestrial network.

[0379] For example, the second synchronization signal block may include information related to the first synchronization signal block.

[0380] For example, additionally, the first device may receive a reference signal generated by applying a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading to the first sequence from the second device. For example, the phase difference between the first sample and the second sample, which are adjacent samples of the first sequence, may be a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence of sample indices associated with the first sample.

[0381] For example, additionally, the first device may receive information related to the altitude of the second device or information related to the nadir direction of the second device from the second device.

[0382] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain first information related to at least one allowable pre-compensation operation among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to perform communication with the second device (200) based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0383] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and perform communication with a second device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0384] For example, the first pre-compensation operation may be a pre-compensation operation based on ephemeris information, and the second pre-compensation operation may be a pre-compensation operation not based on ephemeris information.

[0385] For example, based on the first information, the pre-compensation operation based on the ephemeris information and the pre-compensation operation based on the non-ephemeris information may be allowed in the initial connection procedure, and based on the first information, the pre-compensation operation based on the ephemeris information may be allowed in the data channel transmission operation, and the pre-compensation operation based on the non-ephemeris information may not be allowed.

[0386] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: receive first ephemeris information related to the non-terrestrial network. For example, the first pre-compensation operation may be performed based on the first ephemeris information.

[0387] For example, the second pre-compensation operation is an operation related to Doppler shift, and the second pre-compensation operation can be performed based on a synchronization signal or a reference signal.

[0388] For example, the second pre-compensation operation may be performed based on at least one of an elevation angle of the first device, an altitude of the satellite, an elevation angle of the satellite, a service angle of the satellite, or a time delay associated with a service radius of the satellite.

[0389] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: receive a first signal block related to Doppler estimation. For example, the first signal block may include a first signal and a second signal, and the second signal may be generated based on the first signal.

[0390] For example, the second signal may be generated based on the first signal through at least one of repetition, conjugate, differential encoding, symmetry, or cyclic transition.

[0391] For example, the first signal block may be a first synchronization signal block associated with a non-terrestrial network, and the first signal block may be different from a second synchronization signal block associated with a terrestrial network.

[0392] For example, the second synchronization signal block may include information related to the first synchronization signal block.

[0393] For example, additionally, the instructions may cause the first device to: receive a reference signal generated by applying a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading to the first sequence from the second device. For example, the phase difference between adjacent samples of the first sequence, i.e., a first sample and a second sample, may be a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence of sample indices associated with the first sample.

[0394] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: receive from the second device information relating to an altitude of the second device or information relating to a nadir direction of the second device.

[0395] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation that is allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations, each of which includes at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and perform communication with a second device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0396] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain first information related to at least one allowable pre-compensation operation among a plurality of pre-compensation operations, each of which includes at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and perform communication with a second device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0397] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0398] Referring to FIG. 15, in step S1510, the second device may transmit to the first device first information related to at least one allowable pre-compensation operation among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation. In step S1520, the second device may perform communication with the first device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0399] For example, additionally, the second device can transmit the first ephemeris information of the second device to the first device. For example, the first pre-compensation operation is a pre-compensation operation based on ephemeris information, the second pre-compensation operation is a pre-compensation operation not based on ephemeris information, and the first pre-compensation operation can be performed based on the first ephemeris information.

[0400] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation to the first device (100). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to perform communication with the first device (100) based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0401] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit to the first device first information related to at least one allowable pre-compensation operation among a plurality of pre-compensation operations, each of which includes at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and perform communication with the first device based on the first information and the pre-compensation.

[0402] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the second device to: transmit first ephemeris information of the second device to the first device. For example, the first pre-compensation operation may be a pre-compensation operation based on ephemeris information, the second pre-compensation operation may be a pre-compensation operation not based on ephemeris information, and the first pre-compensation operation may be performed based on the first ephemeris information.

[0403] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or processes of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0404] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0405] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0406] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0407] Fig. 16 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0408] Referring to FIG. 16, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0409] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0410] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0411] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0412] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0413] Referring to FIG. 17, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 16.

[0414] For example, the description of the first wireless device (or apparatus) and the second wireless device (or apparatus) below may be extended to the third wireless device (300) (or apparatus) or a wireless device (or apparatus) corresponding to a subsequent reference number. For example, the reference number of the processor of the third wireless device (300) may be 302, and the reference number of the transceiver may be 306.

[0415] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0416] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0417] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0418] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0419] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0420] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0421] FIG. 18 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0422] Referring to FIG. 18, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 18 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17. The hardware elements of FIG. 18 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 17. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 17, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17.

[0423] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 18. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0424] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0425] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0426] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 18. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 17) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0427] FIG. 19 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see FIG. 16). The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0428] Referring to FIG. 19, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 17 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 17. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 17. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0429] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 16, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 16, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 16, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 16, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 16, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 16, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 16, 400), a base station (Fig. 16, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0430] In FIG. 19, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0431] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 19 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0432] FIG. 20 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0433] Referring to FIG. 20, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 19, respectively.

[0434] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0435] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0436] The claims set forth in this disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, A step of obtaining first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation that is allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and A method comprising the step of performing communication with a second device based on the first information and the prior compensation.

2. In paragraph 1, The above first pre-compensation operation is a pre-compensation operation based on ephemeris information, and The method wherein the second pre-compensation operation is a pre-compensation operation not based on non-ephemeris information.

3. In paragraph 2, Based on the above first information, the pre-compensation operation based on the ephemeris information and the pre-compensation operation based on the non-ephemeris information are allowed in the initial access procedure, and A method wherein, based on the first information, a pre-compensation operation based on the ephemeris information is allowed in a data channel transmission operation, and a pre-compensation operation based on the non-ephemeris information is not allowed.

4. In paragraph 1, Further comprising the step of receiving first ephemeris information related to a non-terrestrial network, A method wherein the first pre-compensation operation is performed based on the first celestial ephemeris information.

5. In paragraph 1, The above second pre-compensation actions are actions related to the Doppler shift, and A method wherein the second pre-compensation operation is performed based on a synchronization signal or a reference signal.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second pre-compensation operation is performed based on at least one of an elevation angle of the first device, an altitude of the satellite, an elevation angle of the satellite, a service angle of the satellite, or a time delay associated with a service radius of the satellite.

7. In paragraph 1, Further comprising the step of receiving a first signal block related to Doppler estimation, The first signal block includes a first signal and a second signal, and A method wherein the second signal is generated based on the first signal.

8. In paragraph 7, A method wherein the second signal is generated based on the first signal through at least one of repetition, conjugate, differential encoding, symmetry, or cyclic transition.

9. In paragraph 7, The above first signal block is a first synchronization signal block related to a non-terrestrial network, and The method wherein the first signal block is different from the second synchronization signal block associated with the terrestrial network.

10. In paragraph 9, A method wherein the second synchronization signal block includes information related to the first synchronization signal block.

11. In paragraph 1, Further comprising the step of receiving a reference signal generated by applying DFT (discrete Fourier transform) diffusion to the first sequence from the second device, A method wherein the phase difference between the first sample and the second sample, which are adjacent samples of the first sequence, is a ZC (Zadoff-Chu) sequence of the sample index associated with the first sample.

12. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of receiving information related to an altitude of the second device or information related to a nadir direction of the second device from the second device.

13. In paragraph 1, A method, wherein the above method is performed by a first device.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Acquire first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation that is allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and A first device that performs communication with a second device based on the first information and prior compensation.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Acquire first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation that is allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and A processing device that performs communication with a second device based on the first information and pre-compensation.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Acquire first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation that is allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that enables communication with a second device based on the first information and prior compensation.

17. In the method, A step of transmitting first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation that is allowed among a plurality of pre-compensation operations including at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation to a first device; and A method comprising the step of performing communication with the first device based on the first information and the prior compensation.

18. In paragraph 17, Further comprising the step of transmitting the first ephemeris information of the second device to the first device, The above first pre-compensation operation is a pre-compensation operation based on ephemeris information, The above second pre-compensation operation is a pre-compensation operation not based on ephemeris information, and A method wherein the first pre-compensation operation is performed based on the first celestial ephemeris information.

19. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: Transmitting to the first device first information related to at least one pre-compensation operation that is permissible among a plurality of pre-compensation operations, each of which includes at least a first pre-compensation operation and a second pre-compensation operation for each communication operation; and A second device that performs communication with the first device based on the first information and prior compensation.

20. In paragraph 19, The above commands cause the second device to: Transmit the first ephemeris information of the second device to the first device, The above first pre-compensation operation is a pre-compensation operation based on ephemeris information, The above second pre-compensation operation is a pre-compensation operation not based on ephemeris information, and A second device, wherein the first pre-compensation operation is performed based on the first celestial ephemeris information.

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