Electrical component with a surface structure

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical system comprising: a first electrical component (la) comprising a first terminal part (4a) having a first current conducting surface (2a) comprising at least one protrusion (3a, 18a), and a second electrical component (lb) with a second terminal part (4b) having a second current conducting surface (2b) comprising at least one recess (3b, 18b), wherein said at least one protrusion (3a, 18a) and at least one recess (3b, 18b) are configured for mechanically engaging and thereby establish an electrical connection between said first and second electrical components (la, lb) when a contact force (F) is applied from one of said at least one protrusion (3a, 18a) and at least one recess (3b, 18b) towards the other, wherein said at least one protrusion (3a, 18a) comprises a cut-out part (15) is designed to establish a distance h1 therebetween when said at least one protrusion (3a, 18a) and at least one recess (3b, 18b) are engaged.

Description

ELECTRICAL COMPONENT WITH A SURFACE STRUCTUREField of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to the surface structure of electrical components.Background of the invention

[0002] In the art, electrical components are known in the form of e.g., cables, switch gear, brakers reactors, transformers, busbars, etc. These however are heavy and difficult to handle, mount and connect manually when dimensioned to conduct currents above 16 to 32 amps. Thus, mounting such electrical conductors in electrical panels is difficult and time consuming.

[0003] Also, there is a problem with electrical connections both in terms of heat distribution from an electrical connection and in terms of ensuring firm connection also in vibration conditions such as in vehicles. A solution to the former problem is provided in US9859624. Here an electrical connection having a first part integrated on a substrate and a second part mounted on a cable disclosed. The shape of the second part is designed to direct heat away from the substrate. A solution to the latter problem is provided in GB 190289. Here the two parts of an electrical connection have teeth adapted to engage with each other. Thereby an electrical and mechanical connection is provided which will not become loose owing to vibrations. Even though solutions to these problems have been suggested in the past, the problems are and will always be present in electrical systems and if solved the operational losses of electrical systems will evidently be reduced.Summary of the invention

[0004] The inventors have identified the above-mentioned problems and challenges related to handling and connection of electrical components, and subsequently made the below-described invention which may easy handing of electrical components and reduce electrical losses in connections between electrical components.

[0005] In an aspect, the invention relates to a first electrical component comprising a first surface structure said first electrical component is configured for electrically connecting to a second surface structure of a second electrical component by said first surface, wherein said divergent portions are designed to establish a distance h’ therebetween when said divergent portions are engaged.

[0006] The electrical connection between said first surface structure and said second surface structure is provided by applying a clamping force to one or both of the first and second electrical components.

[0007] The divergent portion are designed with matching geometries in a plug and socket like manner where the divergent portion of the first surface structure fits the divergent portion of the second surface structure when the first and second components are connected.

[0008] The distance h’ is provided in a direction parallel to a clamping force that is used to connect the two electrical components and thereby facilitate the engagement between (matching) divergent portions of the two electrical components.

[0009] The divergent portions are considered to be engaged when a clamping force is applied to the two electrical components and the electric connection thereby is established between the divergent portions of the two electrical components.

[0010] The clamping force may in principle be the gravitational force when the two electrical components e.g. are laying on a floor. The clamping force may also be applied or increased (with respect to gravitational force) by spring elements applying a force to one or both of the electrical components, bolts going through / partly through one or both of the electrical components and the like.

[0011] Because of the distance h’ between the divergent portions of the two surface structures, the clamping force is not acting directly between the two surface structures. Instead, the clamping force is split in force components acting between sides of the divergent portions. The sum of these force components between all divergent portions are referred to as the resulting force.

[0012] When the resulting force equals the material’s yield strength, a plastic deformation of the material starts. The materials yield strength may be calculated as the clamping force divided by the total area of the sides of the divergent portions through which the force components act.

[0013] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portions are designed to that said distance h’ is present at least until a resulting force equals the yield strength of the material of one of the first and second electric components.

[0014] This is advantageous in that it has the effect, that no force component of the clamping force is acting directly parallel with the clamping force i.e. from the outward tip of e.g. the first divergent portion to the corresponding inward tip of the second divergent portion.

[0015] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portions are designed so that the distance h’ is zero when the resulting force equals the yield strength of the material of one of the first and second electric components.

[0016] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion of said first surface structure comprises at least one protrusion, wherein said at least one protrusion comprises a cut-out part.

[0017] This is advantageous in that the distance h’ can be maintained independently of the relationship of clamping force and material’s yield strength.

[0018] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion of said first electrical component is engaged with a divergent portion of said second component and wherein said second divergent portion comprises a cut-out part.

[0019] A cut-out part is advantageous in that it has the effect, that the clamping force between the surface structure of the first and second electrical components can act nonparallel to the height of the protrusion. In fact, by designing the protrusion with a cutout part, all clamping force can be transferred or act between plane(s) of the protrusion planes which are non-parallel to the height of the protrusion. This has the effect that ahigher percentage of the clamping force are used to press a first component with a divergent portion together with a second component with a matching divergent portion. Thereby, compared to engagement of known electrical connections the same ohmic resistance is obtained in the connection with a reduced force. As indicated, this is at least true when comparing electrical connection having a surface structure comprising protrusions with cut-out part of the present invention, with electrical connection comprising a surface structure comprising protrusions known in the art i.e. complete protrusions not comprising cutout parts. This is because the tip of such protrusion evidently will touch the opposing “tip” of the recess with which the protrusion engage.

[0020] The height of the protrusion is defined as the longest line (hypotenuse), perpendicular to the outer edge of the surface structure of the component, to a top point of the protrusion (as the height of the triangle). Alternatively, if it is not possible to establish a line perpendicular to the outer edge of the surface structure e.g. if the surface structure is not plane, the line may be perpendicular to the center axis of the component.

[0021] A cut-out part is furthermore advantageous in that it has the surprising effect, that by reducing material consumption and thereby the part of the two components that are connected to allow transfer of electric current (measure in amperes), the ohmic resistance in the electric connection can be reduced because of the increased force applied between the two parts or terminals of the electrical connection. Thereby, heat generated can be reduced. This is because no force component of the clamping force is acting between the two components via the non-existing tip of the protrusion.

[0022] A cut-out part is furthermore advantageous in that it has the effect, that the geometry of the protrusion is more rigid and thereby less prone to deformation. A tip of a protrusion may easily be deformed e.g. during transportation even with a small pump or force acting thereon. If this happens, the geometry of the protrusion does not fit the geometry of the recess of other component and thereby a small area around the deformed tip will not be in contact with the other component which evidently will increase the ohmic resistance in the electrical connection.

[0023] The term surface structure is to be understood in a broad sense to describe any current conducting surface of an electrical component such as an electrical conductor. This surface structure is shaped and designed with a divergent portion. The divergent portion is to be understood as the surface of or as a part of the surface of the electric component. When it is only a part of the surface that has a divergent portion, the divergent portion is different from the normal surface of the electrical component. The normal surface is to be understood as the part of the surface which do not have a divergent portion. The area of the normal part of the surface is typically larger than the area of the divergent portion. The divergent portion is typically a protrusion or a recess in the surface structure. The divergent portion in the surface structure may include parts pointing out from the surface / center of the electrical component like a protrusion on a normal surface, the divergent portion may include parts pointing inwards in the surface / towards the center of the electrical component like a recess in a normal surface or a combination hereof. The divergent portion may thus be understood as a part which differs from what may be referred to as a normal surface structure such as a surface being plane, spherical or having any other kind of uniform geometrical shape. It should be noted that the electrical component may sometimes be referred to as a firs electrical component and a further electrical component may sometimes be referred to as second electrical component.

[0024] The divergent portion may be shaped and designed in any geometrical shape desired for the electrical component. The divergent portion may have the geometrical shape as a cube, sphere, pyramid, truncated pyramid cone, truncated cube, wave-like, any other geometrical shape or any combination thereof. The reference to the geometrical shape may depend on the view from which it is seen hence what may look like a cone geometry from the side may be a pyramid geometry from a top view.

[0025] The term divergent portion of the surface structure may be understood as a part of the surface of the electrical component which when looked at is having a three- dimensional geometry or a two-dimensional geometry thereby differing from what is referred to as the normal surface of the electrical component.

[0026] The divergent portion in the surface structure should be understood as intentional geometries and thus, not as e.g. impurities in the surface. Hence, one definition of a divergent portion is that it is visual to the human eye. A normal surface may look plane according to a visual inspection by the human eye. Impurities in the surface which is only visual with some sort of microscope is not to be understood as a divergent portion in the surface structure. A divergent portion may also be referred to as a corrugated, ribbed or grooved portion.

[0027] The electrical components may typically be made of copper, aluminium or any other electric conductive material. The electrical components may also be made of a combination of electric conductive materials or a combination of an electric conductive material and a non-conductive material where e.g., a part of plastic is used around some copper.

[0028] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion of said second surface structure comprises at least one recess.

[0029] It should be noted that each of the two components needed to establish the electrical connection may both comprise a plurality of protrusions and recess. These protrusions and recesses will in most embodiments have straight lines facilitating engagement therebetween.

[0030] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said at least one recess has an area corresponding to said at least one protrusion.

[0031] This is easy to imagine from a cross-sectional view such as from fig. 1. Where it can be seen that the area of the protrusion 3 a is equal to the area of the recess 3b (in this example, the areas can be calculated with the formular for calculating area of a triangle).

[0032] It should be noted that the protrusion and recess may be implemented as elongated across the components in any direction (360 degrees) around a center the protrusion / recess. It may be implemented as circles e.g. with center point in the center / middle of the component as triangles, squares, etc. and as distributed funnels, pyramids, triangles, etc.

[0033] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said at least one protrusions and said at least one recess extend across said first electrical component with an angle between 40 degrees and 140 degrees to the longitudinal direction of said first electrical component.

[0034] Accordingly, in an embodiment when looking at the electrical component in a side view, the ends of the protrusion and recesses are visible indicating that they are e.g. perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the component i.e. having a 90 degree angle to the longitudinal direction or axis of the component. This is advantageous in that it has the effect that the mechanical connection of the two components is increased. More specific the divergent portions of the two components are forced together and as long as e.g. a bolt is maintaining the divergent portions in engagement with each other, they cannot be pulled from each other. This would be possible if the protrusions / recesses were parallel to the longitudinal axis and a pulling force was applied in the longitudinal axis, at least if the clamping force was provided by means of something that did not penetrate the divergent portions / components.

[0035] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said at least one protrusion is defined by at least two planes and wherein said at least one recess is defined by at least two planes.

[0036] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said at least two planes are non-parallel and wherein said at least two planes are non-parallel.

[0037] Hence, the divergent portion may be shaped and designed with at least two planes. In case of an electrical conductor, one of these planes may be pointing out from the centre of the conductor like a protrusion on a normal surface and the other of these planes may be pointing inwards towards the centre of the conductor like a recess in a normal surface. The planes may also be understood as planes which are parallel to a tangent of the surface structure e.g., when the surface structure may be curved at some point.

[0038] When referring to a divergent portion of the surface structure it may also be referred to as a divergent surface structure.

[0039] The divergent surface structure (also simply referred to as surface structure) may typically define multiple planes such as two planes which are repeated a plurality of times. Hence, the divergent surface structure may be formed by a plurality of planes in a first orientation which are all parallel and a plurality of planes in a second orientation which are all parallel. Accordingly, the divergent surface structure seen in a sideview may have the shape of a comb, a saw or a wave but not limited to these specific structures. The divergent surface structure may also shape as a meat mallet or as longitudinal waves in the surface which broadens along a part of the electrical component.

[0040] The planes defined by the surface structure could also be understood as the slope-gradient of the surface structure. The surface structure may also define at least two slope-gradients when e.g., the surface structure is seen in a sideview.

[0041] A divergent surface structure may also be defined as a surface structure extending in at least two direction directions in space. E.g., when having a surface structure with a protrusion extending in one direction or a recess extending in the opposite direction.

[0042] The divergent portion of the surface structure may be defined by minor designed changes in the surface i.e. not necessarily additional parts added to the surface of an electrical component such as an electrical conductor. Protrusions and / or recesses of a divergent surface structure may be designed with portions which is deeper than half of the thickness of the electrical conductor. The depth of the portion may be measured as the height from the bottom peak and vertical to the top peak or it may be measured as the length of diagonal surface of the portion. The depth of the portion may also be understood as the height of portion accordingly when the portion is added as a protrusion to the surface structure. The surface may also comprise divergent portions which have at least the same thickness as the electrical conductor itself.

[0043] It is advantageous to have an electrical component with a surface structure comprising at least one divergent portion when electrically connecting the electrical component to a further electrical component when both components are having divergent portions at the area of electrical connection. This is because the divergent portion increases the total surface area of the part of the electrical component which is electrically connecting the component to a further component. The greater surface area between the electrical components the greater electrical connection between the two electrical components leading to a reduction in electrical losses in the electrical connection.

[0044] It is advantageous to have a surface structure of an electrical component with at least one divergent portion when mechanically / electrically connecting such component to a further component having a matching divergent portion. Because the surface area of the parts of the two components connected to each other is increased, the mechanical / electrical connection between the two components can be made more efficient compared with the connection of two components having normal plane surfaces.

[0045] Furthermore, this is advantageous because when one electrical component comprising a divergent surface structure e.g. with a protrusion and a second electrical component comprising a divergent surface structure e.g. with a matching recess are connected, the force applied is acting through the "sides of the protrusion” towards the “sides of the corresponding recesses”. Therefore, the force needed to obtain an electrical connection with a certain electric conductivity is smaller with a component having a surface structure according to the present invention, compared to the force needed to obtain the same electric conductivity in the connection between two components having known normal plane surfaces. This increased efficiency of the mechanical / electrical connection may lead to a reduction of the number of bolts needed to connect the electrical components and thus, a reduction in cost of material, time of assembling as well as the removal of a potential source of error.

[0046] It is advantageous to have steep slopes (with an angle to an outer surface of a conductor between 45° and 90°) of the divergent portion of the surface structure toincrease the area of electrical connection between two electrical components. Steep slopes may approach parallel but not be parallel with the direction of the force from the mounting bolt to secure a force being applied to the two sides of the divergent portion.

[0047] The divergent portion of the surface structure is advantageous in mechanically connecting to other electrical components. The divergent portion may be designed to facilitate a connection with a further electrical component from 0 to 360 degrees in a full free rotation before locking the electrical component in a certain angle. The rotation from 0 to 360 degrees may also be possible in a step of a predetermined angle e.g., 30, 45 or 90 degrees. This can facilitate a more accurate mechanically connection between two electrical components and the space available in e.g., a cabinet may be optimized. The divergent portion may also be designed to facilitate a displacement in a longitudinal direction and be locked in a sideway direction. The electrical component may be locked in one direction and the electrical component can be moved along a slit in the divergent portion in another direction before being mechanically connected to the further electrical component.

[0048] The divergent portion in the surface structure of the electrical component may also be shaped and designed in a way to ensure only one mechanical connection between two electrical components. It is advantageous to design the electrical component to only have one possible way to connect the electrical component to a further electrical component to ensure the two electrical components is being correctly mechanically connected and thereby also correctly electrically connected. The divergent portion of the surface structure will ensure that a wrong mechanical connection is not possible between two electrical components.

[0049] It is advantageous to have the divergent portion of the surface structure when mechanically connecting two electrical components because a smaller tolerance for the mounting bolts can be used. The complete tolerance of mechanically connecting two electrical components may be reduced for some parts and may even be totally left out due to the more precis mechanical connection.

[0050] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first electrical component is selected from the list comprising a cable shoe, terminals, terminals of breaker, terminals of switch, terminals of contactor and electrical conductor.

[0051] No matter the type of electrical component and no matter the size of the area of the electrical component having a surface area according to the present invention, the surface area of the present invention is advantageous in that it reduces electrical losses by an increased electrical conductivity and it facilitates an improved mechanical connection that my lead to a more ridged construction after connecting components with surface structure according to the present invention.

[0052] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion of said surface structure is a terminal part of said first electrical component.

[0053] It is advantageous to have a terminal or a part of a terminal with a surface structure with a divergent portion in that it reduces the electrical loss when connecting two electrical components having corresponding surface structures. As a reduced electrical loss lead to a reduced heat emission / generation, a terminal part according to the present invention also reduces heat generated from the electrical connection between the two electrical components.

[0054] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a terminal part is arranged between ends of said electrical conductor.

[0055] This is advantageous in that such electric conductor may be a supply conductor part of an energy distribution system e.g. in electrical panel. Hence, the ends of the supply conductor may be connected in or outside such electrical panel via surface structures according to the present invention. In addition, inside such electrical panel additional conductors may be connected to the supply conductor to distribute energy inside the panel. These additional conductors may also comprise surface structures according to the present invention and thus contribute to a reduced temperature inside the panel.

[0056] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said electrical conductor is a transition piece between a breaker and a busbar.

[0057] This is advantageous in that it has the effect, that two different types of electrical components can be connected via the surface structure of the present invention. Hence, the surface structure at the ends of the transition piece may have different designed surface structures i.e. different divergent portions of the surface structure. It should be noted, that the transition piece may have more than one surface and that only one of these surfaces may have a surface structure according to the invention i.e. with a divergent portion.

[0058] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion has different orientations of a tangential gradient on each side of a point of said divergent portion defining an angle A.

[0059] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, wherein said tangentially gradient has the same numerical value on each side point.

[0060] It is advantageous to have different orientations of the tangential gradient on each side of the peak of the divergent portion when mechanically connecting two electrical components. The different orientations of the tangential gradients may be used to increase the surface for the electrical connection between two electrical components.

[0061] It is also advantageous to have different orientations of the tangential gradient on each side of the peak with same numerical value to increase the flexibility for mechanical connecting two electrical components. The one side of the peak may have an increasing tangential gradient where the other side of the peak may have the numeric same tangential gradient with a decreasing direction. It is advantageous to have the same numerical gradient on both side of the peak when mechanically connecting two electrical conductors because of the increasing flexibility of where to mechanically connect the two electrical conductors. The two electrical conductors may be mechanically connectable in multiple divergent portions of the surface structure e.g., when a certain protrusion of the surface structure may mechanically connect toall of the recesses of the corresponding surface structure of the other electrical conductors. Note that a line perpendicular to the third plane will divide the angle A in two equally large angles which will give these angles the same numerical values.

[0062] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a hole is provided through said surface structure and through said first electrical component.

[0063] It is advantageous to have holes in the surface structure of an electrical component to either use as a terminal or for mounting the electrical component. The electrical component may comprise more than one hole for either fastening or to be used as a terminal.

[0064] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said surface structure comprise a plane surface between said hole and said divergent portion.

[0065] It is advantageous in that a contact force from fastening a bolt is transferred better to a plane surface compared to the surface structure. The contact force may also be referred to as clamping force. The plane surface may have the size of a tensioning disc used between bolt head / nut and surface structure of e.g. an electrical conductor. In this way, mounting bolts with a tensioning disc facing the surface structure facilitated better fastening of the electrical component. It should be mentioned that the clamping force from the bolt going through this hole is parallel with the hole. Preferably, the clamping force is not parallel with the divergent surfaces. The hole may be angled with respect to a longitudinal axis of the conductor.

[0066] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said surface structure comprises a second surface structure between said hole and said divergent portion.

[0067] The surface structure around e.g., a hole such as terminal hole may also be designed with a different surface structure to optimize the mechanical fastening of bolts, discs, fittings, or any other connecting part for the electrical component. In this situation, to obtain the full potential, the part of the bolt, nut or tensioning disc should have a structure corresponding to the second surface structure.

[0068] The term plane surface is to be understood as a surface without intentionally made divagations. With this said, a plane surface may comprise impurities forming a rough surface. The roughness may be determined by production method. Hence, a plane surface in this context is a surface where such roughness may only be seen through a microscope and not visible to the human eye.

[0069] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first electrical component comprises more than one surface structure.

[0070] It is advantageous to have multiple surface structures for different mechanical connections of different electrical components. Surface structures may comprise one or more of a planer portion, a roughness divergent portion and a geometry divergent portion.

[0071] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first electrical component comprises said first surface structures on at least two sides of a terminal part.

[0072] It is advantageous to have the surface structure placed on two or more sides of the terminal part of the electrical component. This is because it adds flexibility in mounting of additional electrical component. Hence, additional components may be mounted on the side of the terminal part where most or sufficient space is available for mounting. Hence, e.g. an electrical conductor with a terminal part having a surface structure with a divergent portion on both of its e.g. opposing sides can be connected to two other electrical conductors and / or components with an electrical connection according to the present invention. It should be noted, that the surface structures of the at least two sides may not comprise the same divergent portion such as may not comprise the same geometry of protrusions of the divergent portion.

[0073] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said at least one divergent portion is monolithically formed with said first electrical component.

[0074] It is advantageous to have the divergent portion in the same material as the electrical component and in one and the same structure with the electrical componentto ensure optima the electrical conductivity i.e. with no physical connection between the divergent portion and the component. The manufacturing of an electrical component with a divergent portion is easier when making the divergent portion in one with the same material as the electrical component especially when the manufacturing process is an additive manufacturing process.

[0075] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion are provided in the process of making said first electrical component.

[0076] It is advantageous to make the surface structure while making the electrical component. This could be done using an additive manufacturing process where the electrical component may be made with the divergent portion in the surface structure at the same time the electrical component is made.

[0077] In case the electrical component is an electrical conductor, the surface structure may also be moulded, cast or extruded in the same process as manufacturing rest of the conductor. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a terminal part with a divergent portion is produced by first process step and at least a part of said first electrical component is produced by a second process step and wherein said terminal part and said at least part of said first electrical component are joint by a third process step.

[0078] The first process may be an extruding process, milling process, stamping process, additive manufacturing process or similar. Hence, a plurality of terminal parts may be produced at one location where expertise e.g. in stamping is available.

[0079] The second process may be similar to the first process. With this said, as this part of the component that is manufactured during this step may be an electrical transition busbar having e.g. an airy design where a flow of e.g. air or liquid can passe by either along the longitudinal axis or perpendicular to the longitudinal or in an angle therebetween this step may be an additive manufacturing process.

[0080] The third process where the two parts are electrically and mechanically joint is preferably also an additive manufacturing process, a soldering or welding process.

[0081] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one of said second process step and said third process step is an additive manufacturing step.

[0082] Additive manufacturing is advantageous in that it has the effect, that the terminal and component parts can be connected in an electrical connection with no or very little ohmic resistance. Looking at the coupling only, the coupling losses of terminal and component monolithically formed is zero. The coupling losses depends on the size of the areas of the two parts that are engaging each other. The larger area the lower losses. By connection of two components according to the present invention, coupling losses can be reduced with more than 50% such as 80% compared to state of the art connections (a state of the art connection is illustrated in fig. 12). It should be mentioned, that the material itself has some ohmic resistance.

[0083] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a terminal part comprise an internal duct and wherein said first electrical component part comprise a second internal duct and wherein after said third process step, said first and said second internal ducts are fluidly joint to a common duct.

[0084] As mentioned, such internal ducts is advantageous in that a flow of air or liquid controlled by the controllers.

[0085] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, an area of a divergent portion of said surface structure is greater than an area of a footprint of said surface of a terminal part.

[0086] The footprint of the terminal part is to be understood as its area seen from above. When seen from above the area of the terminal part is less than the area of the surface structure due to the divergent portion of the surface structure. The divergent portion of the surface structure is visual in a sideview of the terminal part. The greater area of the surface structure is advantageous when electrically connecting the terminal part with another electrical component to increase the conductivity between the two electrical components. The surface structure is also advantageous in increasing the stability of the mechanical connecting between the two electrical components whenthe surface structure of the two components locks into each other e.g., like a male / female connection.

[0087] As mentioned, a divergent portion of said surface structure may be a geometric divergent portion. A geometric divergent portion is to be understood as a divergent portion of the surface structure which is measurable in the size of millimeter such as above 1 millimeter. The geometric divergent portion is to be understood as a macroscopic designed structure in the surface of the electrical component and is visible to the human eye. The geometric divergent portion may be protrusions and recesses which are formed and shaped as the electrical component is made. The protrusions and recesses may also be added to the electrical component after the electrical component has been made either by milling, additive manufacturing, stamping or molding. Further, it should be mentioned, that it is possible to make terminal parts comprising a side with a divergent portion that is suitable for being mounted om a component such as a breaker. This terminal part may then be connected to a conductor such as at an end of the conductor. In this way, only the terminal part need to be processed to provide the divergent portions which may be easier that handing the entire conductor when establishing the divergent portion. If this is advantageous of course depends on the method used to establish the conductor and / or the terminal. The geometric divergent portion may be shaped as pyramids, cones, globes or any other geometrical shape. The geometrical shapes of the geometric divergent portion may also be shaped as a truncated geometric shape e.g., a truncated pyramid or cone.

[0088] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said at least one protrusion and said at least one recess are having a shape which when seen in a side view is comprised by the list comprising a comb, a saw and a wave but not limited to these specific structures.

[0089] The divergent surface structure may also and / or in addition comprise geometry divergent portions shaped as a meet mallet or as longitudinal waves.

[0090] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portions are defined by first planes and second planes defining surface structures witha geometry comprised by the list comprising: sphere, pyramid, truncated pyramid, cone, truncated cube and wedge.

[0091] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion is a geometry divergent portion comprises a plurality of angled protrusions and a plurality of angled recesses.

[0092] It is advantageous to have both protrusions and recesses in the surface structure of two electrical components to be connecting for optimizing the total surface area of their terminal parts. Further, the force with which they are connected is distributed via the angled protrusions and angled recesses to get a better electrical conductivity between the two electrical components. The angle may be established with reference to a longitudinal axis of the component such as the conductor.

[0093] In the surface structure the protrusions, recesses and concavities are to be understood as deviations from a standard plane surface. The standard surface is to be understood as the surface of an electrical component having a regular surface structure divergent portion. Hence, the standard surface is a plane surface of the electrical component which typically has been processed for smoothing out the surface as plane as possible i.e. eliminate any roughness. The standard plane surface of the electrical component may be used as a reference point for the recesses / concavities (below the standard plane surface towards the center of the electric component) and peak / protrusions (above the standard plane surface away from the center of the electric component). The reference point is to be understood as the point where the standard surface would have been in the electrical component if the surface structure was not shaped and formed according to the invention. If the electrical component is a busbar, the reference point may be the part of the busbar just before a terminal part start.

[0094] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said geometry divergent portion comprises a plurality of pairs of non-parallel first and second planes, wherein said planes defining an angle between said pairs of non-parallel first and second planes.

[0095] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, an angle bisector of said angle is parallel with the direction of a mounting bolt.

[0096] It should be mentioned that the direction of the mounting bolt or more specific of hole for the bolt typically are penetrating the divergent portions perpendicular to the surface comprising the divergent portion. However, such bolt hole may be angled relative to the surface comprising the divergent portion. In such situation, the planes of the divergent portion may be angled relative to the bolt hole.

[0097] The angle is to be understood as the angle between the two planes of the surface structure pointing away from (protrusion) or into (recess) the electrical component. The middle of the angle (the angle bisector) may typically have a direction parallel to the direction of a mounting bolt when mechanically connecting the electrical component to a further electrical component. The size of the angle may define how many peaks (protrusions and a recesses) is formed in the surface structure where a small angle would increase the number of peaks in the surface structure and a larger angle may broaden the peaks in the surface structure and thereby reduce the total number. It may be advantageous to minimize the angle between the two planes to increase the number of peaks and thereby increase the total surface of the surface structure which again will increase the electrical conductivity between the electrical components. The electrical conductivity between the electrical components with a high number of connecting planes will be increased when these being connected with the same contact force compared to two electrical components with fewer peaks or a larger angle between the two planes.

[0098] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion of said first electrical component comprise more acute angles than obtuse angles.

[0099] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first electrical component comprising a divergent portion comprising a truncated plane.

[0100] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, wherein a length of said truncated plane is shorter than a length of one of said planes.

[0101] It should be noted that in embodiments, it is the high of the protrusion together the with the length of the truncated plane which is important.

[0102] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the shape of said divergent portion is selected from the list comprising longitudinal shaped, truncated pyramid, wedge and truncated cone.

[0103] It is advantageous to have a divergent portion where the peak of the portion is plane to optimize the force applied from the sides of the divergent portion to the sides of the divergent portion of a further electrical component. The pressure between two sides can be increased when the peak of the divergent portion (protrusion) do not touch the peak of the divergent portion (recess) when forcing two electrical components together in the direction of the peak of the divergent portion.

[0104] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion is designed with a predetermined pattern configured for locking said first electrical component to said second electrical component with any desired angle therebetween.

[0105] The predetermined pattern may for the at least one divergent portion of the surface structure be circular centered e.g., around a hole for mounting or a terminal hole. The circular design may be either protrusions or recesses of circles at predetermined distances from the centre where the radius of the circles are getting bigger from the inner circle towards the outer circle. The design of the divergent portion may be compared to dropping a stone in water where waves from a centre are creating rings in the water.

[0106] Such circular design has the effect that if e.g. two busbars are to be connected, the relative position between the two busbars can be continuously changed when the bolt is positioned in the center hole. When the desired position (angle between the busbars) is achieved, the bolt can be tightened, and the busbars are locked in the desired position.

[0107] It is advantageous to have predetermined patterns of the divergent portions of the surface structure according to both mechanically and electronically connection for the electrical component. The predetermined pattern may be advantageous in that it allows flexibility in locking a further electrical component to the electrical component.

[0108] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion is designed with a predetermined pattern configured for locking said first electrical component to said second electrical component with a predetermined angle therebetween.

[0109] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said predetermined pattern is configured for locking said second electrical component in a predetermined configuration relative to said first electric component.

[0110] It is advantageous to lock or hold a mechanical connection between two electrical components in a predetermined angle or configuration for helping workers when connecting the two electrical components. The workers may easily connect the two electrical components knowing that the desired angle between the two electrical components has been predetermined and the only way too mechanically connect the two electrical components are in the predetermined angle or configuration determined by the predetermined pattern of the geometry divergent portions.

[0111] The divergent portion of the surface structure may be designed to have different angles for locking the electrical component at certain positions, e.g., having the possibility to lock the electrical component in only of 0, 45 or 90 degrees. This may be achieved e.g. by include discontinued patterns of protrusions or recesses in at least one of the two electric components only allowing positioning of the two electric components together in steps of e.g. 5 degrees or 10 degrees. The divergent portion may be manufactured to a predetermined angle or configuration according to where the electrical component is needed.

[0112] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion comprises a surface roughness having a Ra value above 1,5 pm.

[0113] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion is a roughness divergent portion.

[0114] Roughness divergent portion of said surface structure is to be understood as a divergent portion of the surface structure which is in the size of micrometer such as below 1 millimeter. The roughness divergent portion is to be understood as a microscopic structure in the surface of the electrical component and may not be visible to the human eye.

[0115] The roughness surface structure of the roughness divergent portion is to be understood as the surface structure has a roughness. This roughness may have a predetermined size. The roughness of the surface structure may be in the size of visible structure changes in the surface structure. The roughness surface structure may also be in the size where the roughness surface structure is not visible to the human eye, but it may be possible to feel the roughness divergent portion of the surface structure when sliding a finger or hand across the surface of the electrical component. The roughness divergent portion of the surface structure may also be measured with a laser measurement apparatus.

[0116] The roughness surface structure of the roughness divergent portion is to be understood as minor changes (protrusions and concavities) in the surface which may be measured according to an Ra and / or Rz value. The measurement of the Ra and Rz values is typically within the ranges of micrometers. The ranges of Ra and Rz values according to this invention can be in the range from 1 / 100 mm to 1 / 10 mm to several mm to 10s of mm. The roughness surface structure may be randomized where the changes in the surface structure is placed in random order or the roughness may be structures in predetermined patterns and the sizes (circumferential and height) of the different changes may be different. The Ra value is to be understood as the mean average of deviation of the changes and the Rz value is to be understood as the maximum deviation of the surface structure from a top of a protrusion to the bottom of a concavity.

[0117] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said geometric divergent portion comprises a roughness divergent portion.

[0118] The geometric divergent portion of the surface structure is to be understood as the macroscopic size of the surface structure where the roughness divergent portion of the surface structure is the microscopic size of the surface structure. The geometric divergent portion of the surface structure may comprise a roughness divergent portion e.g., a randomized structure with minor protrusions and concavities on the sides of e.g., the cones or pyramid shapes of the geometric divergent portion.

[0119] It is advantageous to have a geometric divergent portion comprising a roughness divergent portion as the total surface area of the electrical component is increased. Tests have shown that this is increasing the electrical conductivity between electrical components.

[0120] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a second electric component having features as described in any of the previous claims.

[0121] In an aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a terminal part of an electrical conductor said electrical conductor (1) further comprises a body part (24), said terminal part comprises a surface structure, wherein said surface structure comprises a divergent portion, wherein said divergent portion comprises a plurality of pairs of non-parallel first and second planes, said method comprises the steps of: determining an angle between said first and said second planes defining one of said plurality of pairs, , establishing said divergent portion in said terminal part by establishing said plurality of pairs of non-parallel first and second planes, wherein at least one of said plurality of pairs are protrusions comprising said first and second plane with said angle therebetween.

[0122] This is advantageous for reasons stated above. Note that the planes do not physically meat in a vertex at angle A. This is because the truncated plan of the protrusions defines a hypotenuse of a triangle, this triangle is also referred to as a cutout part thereby defining the geometry of the protrusion e.g. as a wedge. It is at the vertex of this cut-out triangle angle A can be measured and from where the sides ofthis cut-out triangle end, at its baseline i.e. at the truncated plane, the planes start as extensions of or extending from the sides of the cut-out triangle.

[0123] A divergent portion of a terminal part of a conductor is advantageous in that it has the effect, that both mechanical and electrical connection is improved between two terminal parts having divergent portions according to the present invention. This is leading to better energy transfer between these two terminal parts resulting in a reduction in electrical losses in the connection. Further it is leading to a better mechanical connection at least in that the two terminal parts are fixed in a position given by the pairs of first and second planes.

[0124] Further, by changing the angle A, it is possible to change the clamping force which is needed to tighten terminal parts of two conductors together to obtain a connection therebetween with an electrical loss which is lower compared to a connection of two known conductors with planer surface structure of its terminal parts tightened with the same clamping force.

[0125] The step of providing the electrical conductor may include additive manufacturing, extruding, moulding, etc.

[0126] The electrical conductor may be provided as a spheric or square like conductor with two ends. At least one of these ends may then be defined as a terminal part and in that terminal part, the divergent portion is established.

[0127] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said plane ends in a truncated plane.

[0128] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said method further comprises the step of establishing at least one of said plurality of pairs are recesses comprising said first and second plane with said angle therebetween, wherein said planes ends in a cut-out part.

[0129] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said divergent portion is established by additive manufacturing, extruding, stamping or milling.

[0130] This is advantageous in that the divergent portion then is created simultaneously as the electrical conductor i.e. in one process step.

[0131] This is advantageous in that it is possible to retrofit an electrical conductor with a divergent portion.

[0132] Milling is advantageous to shape and design a surface structure comprising a divergent portion for optimizing the mechanical engagement with another electrical component. The clamping force or bolt tension required to get the two electrical components, such as two conductors, connected is reduced while the same electric conductivity is kept. Further, the electric conductivity between the two electrical components is also increased due to a larger area of contact between the two electrical components. The electric conductivity between the two electrical components is increased due to a reduction in ohmic resistance which leads to a reduction in heat and / or loss. Note that in this context, ohmic resistance should be understood as a measure of the opposition to the flow of current in an electrical conductor. It is influenced by the material properties, length, cross-sectional area of the conductor and temperature e.g. inside an enclosure where a conductor with connection to another conductor is present.

[0133] According to an embodiment of the invention, said method further comprises the step of manufacturing said body part, according to the steps of by an additive manufacturing process: provide a first layer of electrically conductive material, provide a plurality of subsequent layers of electrically conductive material forming said body part of said electrical conductor, wherein a layer of said body part added to a previous layer of said body part is forming said body part between a first end and a second end of said body part in a continuous process, wherein said first end is monolithically connected to said second end.

[0134] According to an embodiment of the invention, said body part has a non- rectangular cross-sectional area.

[0135] This is advantageous in that it has the effect, that the material forming the body part is optimal exploited with respect to current conduction. Hence, compared tobody parts of busbars having a rectangular or square formed cross-sectional area the current density is higher i.e. there are less or preferably no areas of the body part that does not carry a current. Further, the layer by layer manufacturing process is advantageous in that the body part can be manufactured with internal channels, internal structures, heat sinks, air guides, openings in the outer surface / edge to the internal structures allowing a flow of cooling fluid, bolt holes through said body part, etc.

[0136] According to an embodiment of the invention, said body part has a non- uniform geometry.

[0137] A body part of an electrical conductor having a non-uniform geometry is advantageous when used in different configurations. The different configurations can be used, when the electrical conductor is applied in e.g., electrical cabinets or panels to avoid or pass by other electrical components or to optimize the space around the electrical conductor and to reduce heat generation from the conductor.

[0138] Further it should be mentioned that a non-uniform geometry is also advantageous when cooling the electrical conductor. The electrical conductor can be cooled more directly and sufficient at local areas of the electrical conductor. The local areas could be areas where more heat is generated or where more space around the electrical conductor is available. The non-uniform geometry of the electrical conductor could use the space in e.g., a cabinet more efficiently by placing the electrical conductor in a space with more airflow for cooling. The electrical conductor could also be more airy or fluffy when the space in the cabinet is used more efficiently.

[0139] An electrical conductor having a non-uniform geometry is advantageous when used around a core of an electromagnetic component in that it is possible to utilize the different size of available spaces inside such core and at the periphery of such core. This may lead to a reduction of the total size of the electromagnetic component having a core such as a reactor.

[0140] In this context geometry should be understood as a geometrical shape. In general, a geometrical shape for an electrical conductor is typically seen as a cylinder but could also be a bar, plate or sheet. The geometrical shape, of an electrical conductoras a cylinder, has a uniform geometry all along the length of the electrical conductor. There might be small changes or variants in the diameter / cross-sectional area of the cylinder along the length of the cylinder, but it is still considered a geometrical shaped cylinder. The scale of the small changes or variants of the geometrical shape would be in the size of non-visible to the human eye, which could typically occur from differences in a production. The same is true for other types of conductors such of the bar shaped conductor.

[0141] An example of a non-uniform geometry should be understood as a nonuniform geometrical shape, where the geometrical shape is the same along the electrical conductor, but the size of the geometrical shape changes. The changes in size of geometrical shape are in a range that is visible to the human eye. These changes could be for an electrical conductor which has a geometrical shape as a cylinder, where the cylinder changes in diameter / cross-sectional area during the length of the electrical conductor. Similarly, a bar-like conductor may change cross-sectional area or periphery length one or more times in the longitudinal direction (length) of the electrical conductor.

[0142] According to an embodiment of the invention, said terminal part and said body part are joint in a welding or soldering process thereby forming said electrical conductor.

[0143] This is advantageous in that it has the effect, that terminal parts according to the invention can be joint to an electrical conductor referred to as standard electrical conductors such as those having e.g. a massive design, rectangular or cylindrical design. Another way of defining a standard electrical conductor is that it is manufactured e.g. by extruding i.e. not manufactured by an additive manufacturing process.

[0144] According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein said first layer of electrically conductive material of said body part is provided on said terminal part thereby forming said electrical conductor.

[0145] This is advantageous in that it has the effect that the total time and cost of manufacturing an electrical conductor with a terminal part having a divergent portion according to the present invention is reduced. Because providing the divergent portion of the terminal part e.g. by stamping is faster (and cheaper) than providing it by an additive manufacturing process. This is at least true when the body part is manufactured with an additive manufacturing process.

[0146] According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein said first layer of electrically conductive material and said subsequent layers of electrically conductive material are provided by an additive manufacturing process.

[0147] According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein a corner of said terminal part is removed before said first layer of electrically conductive material is provided on said terminal part.

[0148] In an aspect, the invention relates to as a computer program adapted to perform the method according to any of the method claims, based on a digital representation of said body part and / or said terminal part.

[0149] The physical electrical conductor or parts hereof may be based on a digital representation and manufacturing the physical electrical conductor or parts hereof may be based on a design obtained from the digital representation by the computer program.

[0150] Further, according to an aspect of the invention, the invention relates to use of digital geometry optimization for at least partly forming a digital representation of an electrical conductor, wherein a physical electrical conductor of an electrical installation of e.g. a renewable energy facility, electric vehicle or other electric systems is based on the digital representation of the electrical conductor or parts hereof.

[0151] Using digital geometry optimization such as topology optimization, shape optimization, or a generative design process for forming / designing an electrical conductor is advantageous since it may permit tailoring the electrical conductor to the conditions of the renewable energy facility

[0152] In an aspect the invention relates to an electrical system comprising: a first electrical component comprising a first terminal part having a surface structure comprising a first divergent portion, and a second electrical component with a second terminal part having a surface structure comprising a second divergent portion, wherein said first and second divergent portions are configured for mechanically engaging and thereby establish an electrical connection between said first and second electrical components when a force is applied from one of said first divergent portion and said second divergent portion towards the other, wherein said first and second divergent portions are designed to establish a distance h’ therebetween when said first and second divergent portions are engaged.

[0153] The electrical connection between the two divergent portions is advantageous in that the contact area between the two terminal parts is increased significantly compared to mechanical engagement of terminal parts of known electric conductors.

[0154] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first and / or second electrical components are electrical conductors.

[0155] The components may also be contactors, breakers, etc. having terminals with divergent portions according to the present invention but will in this document typically be referred to as conductors.

[0156] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first divergent portion comprising a plurality of first planes and a plurality of second planes and wherein said second divergent portion comprising a plurality of first planes and a plurality of second planes and wherein said mechanical engaging is facilitated by said plurality of first and said second planes.

[0157] A mechanical engagement between the two divergent portions is advantageous in that the physical connection and interlocking between the two terminal parts of the two electrical conductors is increased compared to mechanical engagement of terminal parts of known electric conductors.

[0158] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said contact force is applied from at least one bolt, configured for passing through said first and second electrical conductors, when a nut is connected to a threaded part of said at least one bolt.

[0159] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said contact force is distributed between said first conductor and said second conductor in a first force component via said plurality of first planes of said first divergent portion and said plurality of first planes of said second divergent portion and in a second force component via said plurality of second planes of said first divergent portion to said plurality of second planes of said second divergent portion.

[0160] This is advantageous in that the force required to obtain an electrical connection with a certain electrical loss can be reduced by electrically connecting terminal parts having divergent portions according to the present invention due to the force distribution between the planes defining the divergent portions. The force reduction is obtained compared to the force required to obtain the same electrical loss when connecting known terminal parts having flat or plane surface structures.

[0161] A side effect of force reduction is that the bolt diameter can be reduced of the bolts needed to connect the two terminal parts. Further, the number of bolts required to reach a sufficient clamping force may also be reduced leading to faster mounting, elimination of a point of failure and cost of materials for the electrical connection.

[0162] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first force component and said second force component are non-parallel with said contact force.

[0163] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, an angle defined between one of said plurality of first planes and one of said plurality of second planes is between 0° and 180°, preferably between 2° and 170°, most preferably between 5° and 150°.

[0164] This angle is determining for the contact force required to reach a desired electrical connection and thus a desired maximum electric loss. Hence, the closer to0°, the lower clamping force is required. An example of an angle could be 2 degrees which may have large force components leading to a great pressure in a direction not parallel to the direction of the contact force. The narrower the angle, the greater the force component in a direction not parallel to the force contact / perpendicular to the sides of geometries divergent portions or the roughness of the roughness divergent portion.

[0165] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, one of said plurality of first planes and one of said plurality of second planes are connected in a point.

[0166] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said point is a third plane.

[0167] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, wherein said peak is a peak in a curved plane.

[0168] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, one of said plurality of first planes and one of said plurality of second planes are connected by a third plane.

[0169] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said third plane is parallel to the center axis of the first conductor.

[0170] The connection of the first and second planes via a third plane is advantageous in that it has the effect that physical contact is not obtained along the entire length of the planes of the first and second divergent portions. This lack of physical contact towards the angle ZA is advantageous in that the applied clamping force is forced to split in force components, non-parallel to the clamping force, and thereby the clamping force cannot be transferred directly parallel between the terminal parts of the two conductors.

[0171] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said surface structure of said first divergent portion is mirrored said surface structure of said second divergent portion.

[0172] The mirror surface structures should be understood as a two counterparts or corresponding surface structure e.g. of two electrical conductors. The surface structure of the first divergent portion may be understood as a he-part and the surface structure of the second divergent portion may be understood as a she-part corresponding to the he-part.

[0173] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first planes and said second planes define surface structures with a geometry comprised by the list comprising: sphere, pyramid, truncated pyramid, cone, truncated cube and wedge. Such geometry may also sometimes be referred to as geometry divergent portion.

[0174] The surface structures defining the divergent portions of terminal parts of the two conductors / components may be implemented as protrusions, recesses and nay combination thereof.

[0175] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said angle is located between a first outer edge and a second outer edge of said first conductor.

[0176] This is also true for the second electrical conductor. The angle A may be located “inside” the conductor i.e. as part of a recess or structure provided in the conductor e.g. by removing material from the conductor.

[0177] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, one of said plurality of first planes meet at a first end meet with one of said plurality of second planes in said angle and at said second end meet with a truncated plane.

[0178] This is advantageous in that it has the effect that the surface structures of the first and second divergent portion are forming a sawtooth geometry alternating between saw tooth’s having acute angles and third planes.

[0179] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a plurality of ducts is provided between said surface structure of said first divergent portion of said first terminal part and said surface structure of said second divergent portion of said second terminal part when said first and second termina parts are mechanically engaged.

[0180] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, wherein said a first of said plurality of ducts are defined by: part of one of said plurality of first planes and part of one of said plurality of second planes of said first divergent portion of said first terminal part and one of said third planes of said second divergent portions of said second terminal part, and a second of said plurality of ducts are defined by part of one of said plurality of first planes and part of one of said plurality of second planes of said second divergent portion of said second terminal part and one of said third planes of said first divergent portion of said first terminal part.

[0181] These ducts may alternatingly define the divergent portion across the width of the surface of the conductor. These ducts are advantageous in that they have the effect that the compression force is not able to be transferred between terminal parts parallel with the direction of the compression force. Further, the ducts are advantageous in that the allow air to pass through the connection between the two terminal parts. Accordingly, the ducts may be referred to as cooling ducts which via thermal convection are removing heat generated from electrical losses of the electrical connection between the two terminal parts.

[0182] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said surface structures of said first and second divergent portions are circular centered around a bolt hole.

[0183] This is advantageous in that it has the effect that when connecting two electrical conductors, it is possible to first connect them so that movement is possible. Thereby, it is possible to positioning the two conductors with the correct angle therebetween before tightening the bolt and nut and fixing the two conductors in adesired angle therebetween. Hence, a high degree of flexibility is obtained with such circular divergent portion surface structure.

[0184] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said surface structure of said first divergent portion of said first electrical conductor and said surface structure of said second divergent portion of said second electrical component are angled relative to a longitudinal axis of said first electrical conductor.

[0185] This is advantageous in that it has the effect that the two components are fixed in a predetermined angle defined by the surface structures of the divergent portions. Thereby an error source is removed from the mounting process of electrical systems.

[0186] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first and second electrical conductors comprises threaded end parts.

[0187] This is advantageous in that it has the effect, that in this way it is possible to screw the two conductors together.

[0188] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first and second electrical conductors are connected via a connection piece comprising thread matching the thread of the threaded end parts.

[0189] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said connection piece is a T-piece.

[0190] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first and second electrical connectors are comprised inside an enclosure of an electric component.

[0191] The invention relates to an electrical system according to any one of the claims 56-79, comprising an electric component according to any one of the claims 1- 43.The drawings

[0192] Various embodiments of the invention will in the following be described with reference to the drawings where: fig. 1 illustrates a conductor connection with one divergent portion, fig. 2 illustrates one conductor with divergent portion, fig. 3 illustrates a connection of two conductors, fig. 4 illustrates two connected conductors, fig. 5 illustrates two conductors with different surface structures, fig. 6 illustrates a plane surface for washer, fig. 7 illustrates one terminal part with two different divergent portions, fig. 8 illustrates a circular divergent portion, fig. 9a-9c illustrates a circular conductor with divergent portions, fig. 10 illustrates an electrical system with conductor connections, fig. 11 illustrates an electrical conductor manufactured according to steps of the present invention, fig. 12 illustrates an example of a state of the art connection, fig. 13a-13b illustrates the distance denoted h’ between divergent portions of two components, and fig. 14a- 14b illustrates different examples of cut-out parts.Detailed description

[0193] Fig. 1 illustrates a sideview of an electrical component la comprising a surface structure 2a with a divergent portion 3 placed above a further electrical component lb comprising a surface structure 2b with a divergent portion 3. The divergent portion 3 of the electrical component la may be configured to mechanically fit in the divergent portion 3 of the further electrical component lb for establishing an electrical connection between the electrical component la and the further electrical component lb. The divergent portions 3, 33 of the electrical component la and of the further electrical component lb may be referred to as geometric divergent portions, configured for mechanically engaging with each other, that are visible by the human eye. The divergent portion 3 only comprise one geometry 18 in the form of a pyramid 3a formed by two planes 12a, 13a meeting in an angle ZA. The last part of the planes meeting in angle ZA are illustrated with stipulated lines and referred to as a cut-out part 15. This is due to distribution of the contact force via the engaged divergent portions 3 as will be described below.

[0194] The two electrical components la, lb may be made of any electrically conductive material such as copper, aluminium, etc. The electrical components la, lb illustrated in fig. 1 may be electrical conductors, e.g., busbars, but may also be a cable shoe, an electrical conductor connected to another electrical component, such as a switch, breaker, contactor, etc. The divergent portions 3 of the surface structure 2a, 2b of the two electrical components which may in an embodiment be busbars and thus sometimes referred to as busbars la, lb illustrated in fig. 1 only have one geometry 18 in the form of an outgrowing truncated wedge also referred to as a protrusion 3a and an ingrowing wedge also referred to as a recess 3b respectively. It should be noted that the geometry 18 may have a plurality of different shapes which may look different when seeing in a side view and top view. The illustrated outgrowing truncated wedge and the ingrowing wedge may be cross-sectional views of three-dimensional shaped triangles, truncated pyramids or pyramids. This is sufficient to increase the electrical conductivity and thereby reduce heat emission caused by electric losses. However, aswill be explained below, typically the divergent portions 3 comprise a plurality of geometries 18.

[0195] When more than one geometry is comprises by the divergent portions 3, 3, such as illustrated e.g. in fig. 3, the size or geometry do not necessarily need to be the identical.

[0196] An effect of having a conductor with a divergent portion is that an oxidation layers of the surface of a conductor may be penetrated / broken at least when two conductors are having divergent portions. This is especially true for aluminium conductors which are starting to oxidate after production. The oxidation layer is increasing the electric resistance and hence without additional manual or automatic processing of the conductor it is possible, by the present invention, to overcome at least part of the electric resistance caused by the oxidation. Such postprocessing may include the relatively expensive process of coating the conductor or part hereof such as coating an aluminium conductor with a cobber layer, zinc layer, tin layer, or similar electrically conducting materials.

[0197] The electrical component illustrated in fig. 2 is a first electrical conductor la having a surface structure 2 designed with a divergent portion 3 having four geometries 18 two which are outgrowing truncated pyramids / triangles 18a and two which are ingrowing pyramids / triangles 18b. The illustrated divergent portions 3 is part of a terminal of the conductor which may be located at one end of the conductor and / or between ends of the conductor. As mentioned, the geometries 18a may be referred to as outgrowing geometries i.e. protrusions 3a which in this illustration are having a cone (e.g. pyramid if seen from above) form with a flat end / truncated plane 14. Hene the protrusion could be described as being completed by a cut-out part 15 which is physically not part of the protrusion. Further, the geometries 18b may be referred to as ingrowing geometries i.e. recesses 3b which in this illustration are having a cone form without the truncated part. Which as is describe in this document is advantageous in that there is no complete physical connection along the planes 12, 13 of the protrusions 3a and recesses 3b.

[0198] With this said, the geometries 18 could be said to be formed partly as outgrowing and as ingrowing geometries with reference to the second outer edge 16b of the conductor la. This is up to a definition of where the individual geometries start and stop in that it is noted, that the geometries 18a and 18b are sharing one of the planes 12a, 13 a.

[0199] Note that even though a divergent portion is only illustrated on the edge 16b, a similar divergent portion may also be implemented on the edge 16a. Such divergent portions may not necessarily be identical.

[0200] The geometries 18 of the conductor la illustrated in fig. 2 are formed by first and second planes 12a, 13a meeting in an angle ZA. Two geometries 18b are shaped as recesses with an angle ZA and two geometries 18a are shaped as protrusions with a truncated plane 14 at the top. These two angles may be the same size, the size of the angle is however not important just as long as there is a non-contact area between divergent portions of two engaging electrical components / terminal parts hereof in the direction of the applied clamping force so force components is distributed non-parallel thereto. The truncated plane 14 is illustrated as parallel to the first outer edges 16a, i.e. the opposite side of the conductor la to the side having the divergent portion 3. It should be noted that the truncated plane 14 may have other geometries than a plan parallel to the first outer edge 16a, as long as there is no physical contact with corresponding geometries of a divergent portion 3 of a further conductor lb in the direction of a contact force F connecting the divergent portions 3 together.

[0201] The truncated plane 14 typically cuts off the top of the protrusion of the outgrowing geometry 18a. The cut-off top 15 of the protrusion of the outgrowing geometry 18a would have been formed and shaped according to the two planes 12a, 13a forming the angle ZA similar to the angle ZA at the bottom of the recess / ingrowing plane 18b. The number of geometric divergent portions 18, e.g., protrusions and recesses, may be any number according to different designs of the divergent portion 3 of the surface structure 2. The bottom of the recesses 18b i.e. the angle ZA is in this embodiment designed so that the angle ZA is in a third plane 6 with a distance ID from the center axis 17 and distance 2D to the second outer edge 16b.

[0202] The third plane 6 is where the sides (also referred to as planes) 12a and 13a meet at the bottom of the recesses 18b in point 7, may be designed to be in the same plane as the second outer edge 16b or at a predetermined distance 2D from that plane 16b. It should be noted that the point ZA, 7 where the two planes 12a, 13a meet, may be located both inward and outward relative to the second outer edge 16b i.e. the distance 2D may be measured towards the center of the conductor (as illustrated in fig. 2) or outside i.e. from the second outer edge 16b and away from the center axis 17.

[0203] A distance 3D is illustrated from the truncated plane 14 to the third plane 6, where the distance 3D is larger than the distance 2D in order to shape and design the divergent portions 3 of the surface structure 2 with the pyramid / cone geometries 18. The truncated plane 14 may be located at the second outer edge 16b when the electrical conductor la only comprises recesses in the surface structure 2 (not shown). Distance 3D may be equal to or greater than the distance 2D.

[0204] An alternative to the truncated planes 14 of an outgrowing geometry 18a of one conductor could be a cavity at the bottom of an ingrowing geometry 18b so that the sides 12a, 13a do not meet in an angle as illustrated in fig. 2. This cavity could in principle have any shape as long as it ensures that no forces from the corresponding geometry 18 of the second conductor are transferred parallel to the direction of the bolt / force connecting the first and second conductors, a force which often is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 17 of the conductors. Put in another way, it should be ensured that the forces between the two conductors are established in different directions / more than one direction which is not parallel with a force from a bolt connecting the two components together. Other types of connections or joints may be facilitated a constant force holding may the two parts together such as spring devices or oil or air pressure.

[0205] The component la is having a generally plane surface structure 2, at least where outside the divergent portion 3. This plan is denoted 16b. A third plane 6 is also illustrated as is the center axis 17. A line perpendicular to all of these planes 16b, 6, 17 are illustrated to the top point of the protrusion 3 a which in this case is coincident with the truncated plane 14. The height h of the protrusion 3a can thus be defined as the length of this line from one of the planes 16b, 6, 17.

[0206] Further, a line from the truncated plane 14 (hypotenuse of the cut-out triangle) to the vertex at angle A of the cut-out part 15 is illustrated and denoted h’. To be able to have sufficient planes 12, 13 for establishing the electrical connection and for transferring clamping force, it is preferred, that the height h’ of the cut-out part 15 is less than the height h of the protrusion 3a (i.e. h’< h is preferred).

[0207] When providing a clamping force, the surfaces 12, 13 of a first part (e.g. a conductor) engage with surfaces of a second part (e.g. a conductor). The length of the distance h’ will thus be reduced as the clamping force increases due to the deformation of the sides of the two parts. Hence, the length of the distance h’ should be longer than this deformation in the direction of the clamping force. It should be noted that this deformation is material dependent and thus larger the softer material.

[0208] Fig. 3 illustrates two electrical components in the form of conductors la, lb having terminal 4a, 4b at each end with a surface structure 2 each comprising a divergent portion 3 wherein the two divergent portions3 are designed to connect mechanically and electronically. The two conductors are illustrated in a side view, cut at fastening holes 5 through which bolts 10 are going through. Note that the view could be an end view depending on the orientation of the divergent portion. The two divergent portions 3 are illustrated with similar geometric divergent portions (wedges). Further, the illustrated geometric divergent portions may comprise a roughness divergent portion (not illustrated) on the surface thereof. The roughness of such roughness divergent portion may be controlled / predetermined or simply created randomly during manufacturing of the conductor. The divergent portion of the first electrical conductor la are designed with planes 12a, 13a in the surface structure 2. The second electrical conductor lb are designed with corresponding planes 12b, 13b in the surface structure of the divergent portion. The planes 12a, 13a of the first electrical conductor define in-growing wedges with an angle ZA in the bottom. The planes 12b, 13b of the second electrical conductor define an angle corresponding to the angle ZA measurable if these planes were extended to meet in a peak instead of the truncated part (as illustrated in fig. 2) i.e. if they comprised the cut-off part 15. The two angles defined by the four planes 12a, 13a and 12b, 13b are of the same numericalvalue to increase the area of contact and the contact force between the respective planes 12a, 12b and the planes 13a, 13b and thereby increasing the electrical conductivity between the electrical conductors la, lb.

[0209] The two electrical conductors la, lb both comprises two holes 5 for mounting and connecting the two electrical conductors la, lb. Mounting bolts 10 are placed in the holes 5 for mechanical connecting the two electrical conductors la, lb with mounting nuts 11 placed on the other side for forcing the two electrical conductors la, lb together with a force parallel to the bolt 10. The two mounting bolts 10 are not illustrated as tightened in fig. 3 as a gap is shown between the two electrical components la, lb and the bolt head. Further it should be noted that washers may be positioned between the bolt head and the conductor and between the nut and the conductor.

[0210] The divergent portion 3 of the electrical conductor may be a geometric divergent portion 18 and / or a roughness divergent portion 19. The roughness divergent portion 19 is to be understood as a randomized or organized pattern in a microscopic size on the surface of the electrical conductor, contrary to the geometric divergent portion 18 which is within the size of visible to the human eye. It should be noted that a roughness divergent portion 19 may also be seen by the human eye or at least it can be felt by a finger running over the surface. The roughness divergent portion 19 is typically a randomized structure or pattern. The roughness divergent portion 19 may be randomized surface structures of two electrical conductors. The structure of the roughness divergent portions 19 may be identical on the two conductors, but most likely they will be two different and randomized structures. The roughness divergent portion 19 may be used as a surface structure 2 placed upon the geometric divergent portion 18 to increase the contact force and the surface area of the electrical conductors 1. The roughness divergent portions 19 may also be used on surface structures 2 without the geometric divergent portion 18. The roughness divergent portions 19 increase the surface area of the electrical conductors 1 and thereby increasing the electrical conductivity in that the bolt contact force F is then divided in a plurality of force components Fl-Fn where n is equal to or higher than the number of individualirregularities in the roughness structure. The sum of force components in the same directions as the bolt contact force is equal to the bolt contact force F

[0211] The roughness divergent portion 19 (i.e. the structure hereof) of a conductor according to the present invention is made intentionally (no matter if it is structured or random). This is contrary to known conductors made under a regime requiring as planer surface as possible where such roughness is not appreciated. In fact, terminal parts of known conductors under the old regime are sometimes polished to remove such roughness in that the knowledge in this old regime is that the smoother surface the better electrical connection i.e. the lower ohmic resistance. As mentioned in this document, the inventors of this invention have found known connections can be improved even with intentional unstructured roughness surface structures of electrical connections, the electrical resistance in such connections is reduced compared to connections made according to knowledge of the old regime.

[0212] Hence, the old regime stives to establish connections between parts having plane surfaces, knowing that zooming enough in, no surface is completely plane. A connection according to the old regime i.e. a state of the art connection is illustrated in fig. 12. Such connection is referred to as having a plane surface. A plane surface is a reference to a surface that in theory is plane with no visible roughness, in this context a plane surface would have a Ra valued below 2pm, such as below 1,6pm, such as below 0,8pm to look smooth and feel smooth when touching it. Figures speaking then, a connection between parts having a plane surface according to the old regime, is actually only touching each other in a few points, which is the main reason for the higher electrical losses. The number of points of contact can to some extend be increased by the force with which the two parts are connected. For plane surfaces the sum of contact force cannot exceed the clamping force. With a connection according to this invention, the contact force can be designed to be higher than the clamping force.

[0213] A non-planer surface on the other hand is a surface that intentionally is made with a divergent portion having structured or unstructured roughness or with a divergent portion having a geometry which intentionally is made different from a planesurface or any combination of a divergent portion(s) having parts, surface, surface structures which are different from a plane surface. Hence, with the same clamping force, the number of points (peaks) touching the other part is increased. Hence, a reference to a divergent portion is in this context or in this embodiment a refence to a part of a surface that has a non-planer surface.

[0214] Intentionally should here be understood as made on purpose i.e. actively adjusting machinery preparing the surface to make a surface that is more rough than possible to make by the machinery. As an example, if the machinery is able to make a surface which feels smooth when touching, then the machinery is adjusted to make a surface which when touched feels rough which may require a Ra value at 2 pm or higher. Alternatively, an intentional roughness may be applied by means of cold spray. Cold spray may provide an Ra value between 5 m and 20pm to a surface.

[0215] Thus, a connection of two parts having a planer surface according to the old regime only has a few points of contact between the parts. An electric connection of two parts according to the present invention has an increased number of connecting points between the two parts, compared to connectors of the old regime. Thus, the electric losses may be reduced even when one of two connecting parts is having a divergent portion with a random or unstructured rough surface. The electric losses may be further reduced if both connecting parts are having divergent portions with a random or unstructured rough surface against each other. The electrical losses may be further reduced is the parts are having divergent portions with opposing matching structured roughness. The electrical losses may be further reduced if the parts are having divergent portions with opposing matching geometries. The electrical losses may be further reduced if the parts are having divergent portions with opposing matching geometries having non-planer surfaces i.e. the planes of the geometries are having surface roughness e.g. above 1pm such as above 1,6pm or 2pm.

[0216] Note that the surface roughness may also be referred to as surface texture. Surface roughness is the measurement of the relative smoothness of a surface’s profile, calculated via the microscopic deviations in a surface's true form. The larger the deviation from its true form, the rougher the surface, whilst the smaller the deviation,the smoother the surface. Surface roughness may be measured by the average roughness Ra (typically measured in pm) which is the average between peaks and valleys / recesses on a surface. Hence, low Ra values the smoother surface and the higher Ra value, the more textured and coarser surface. Ra values of 3 pm would typically leave visible marks whereas Ra values below 1pm such as 0.8pm to 0.4pm will leave no visible marks and thus may be referred to as very smooth whereas Ra values above 10pm such as above 12pm may be referred to as very rough.

[0217] It should be mentioned that connecting two conductors of different materials, such as aluminium and cobber, may provide the surprising effect of providing a connection with a reduced ohmic loss. This is at least partly because the soft peaks of the aluminium surface are crushed by the hard surface of the cobber increasing the number of points (peaks) of connection between the two parts i.e. increasing the contact surface.

[0218] The force components Fl-Fn of the total / contact force F illustrated in fig. 3 applied when an electrical conductor la with a roughness divergent portion 19 and / or a geometry 18 is being pushed together with an additional electrical conductor lb also with a roughness divergent portion 19 and / or geometry 18 will act in multiple direction. The force components Fl-Fn sum up to the total contact force F which origins e.g. from bolts 10. The force components Fl-Fn pushing in multiple direction will thereby increase the contact of the surface areas 2 between the two electrical conductors la, lb. If a roughness divergent portion 19 is added to the two connecting electrical conductors, the number of force components Fl-Fn is further increased. The roughness divergent portion 19 is more of a randomized pattern compared to the illustrated geometric divergent portions 18 illustrated in fig. 3.

[0219] In Fig. 3, the contact force F is the sum from the two bolts 10 and the force components Fl-Fn is again the sum of the contact force F. In principle if a roughness divergent portion 19 is applied to the geometry divergent portion 18 or simply as surface structure 2 without geometry divergent portion 18, the number of force components Fl-Fn is going towards infinite due to the “infinite” roughness divergent portions. As illustrated and mentioned, it is preferred that the forced components Fl-Fn are non-parallel with the contact force. This is because by designing the surface structures 2 to split the force F in components Fn, hence especially with a predetermined geometry divergent portion 18, the force acting between the two conductors la, lb can be controlled by changing the angle ZA of the geometries 18.

[0220] It should be noted that above forces are described as acting from the terminal 4a towards the terminal 4b, but as similar forces are acting the opposite way. Alternatively, in the direction of the holes 5 and the angle of the planes 12, 13 are defined with respect to these holes 5 to ensure the discussed distribution of force components from the contact / clamping force.

[0221] The force components referred to above may act with respect to each of the peaks / point of contacts also described above. With respect to the size of the force, then this may be determined by the yield point of the material of the parts to be connected. When the force reaches the material yield point the peaks, receiving the force at the top point of the peak e.g. parallel with bolts used for fastening the parts (end pressure), are starting to deform. Note that a material’s yield point is also sometimes referred to as material’s yield strength or yield stress. This allows other less high peaks to make contact and in this way increase the number of points of connection thereby reducing the electrical resistance. This is at least true for unstructured rough surfaces.

[0222] When the surface of the divergent part is structured such as with structured roughness and / or structured geometry, the structure may be so that it is not the top point of the protrusions that are forced against the other part. Instead, the force components are acting against the planes of the divergent part (line / side pressure pressure) as illustrated in fig. 3. By the geometry, such as the angles of protrusion, the force required for a sufficient clamping of the conductor parts can be determined.

[0223] In an embodiment, the structured geometry may be similar to a structured roughness where the structured geometry are several times larger than the structured roughness.

[0224] The roughness divergent portion 19 of the electrical conductor may be defined according to an Ra-value. The Ra-value is a mean value of the fluctuations of the surface structure. The Ra-value may typically be measured using a laser scanner of a profilometer. A typically Ra-value may be approximately 0,8pm which corresponds to a processed surface When 3D-printing the electrical conductor the roughness divergent portion may have an Ra-value of approximately 10pm. The roughness divergent portions may also be defined according to the Rz-value which is the maximum fluctuation of all the fluctuations of the surface structure. The Rz-value may be understood as a peak value of a fluctuation of the surface structure in a microscopic scale. The greater the Ra and Rz -values are the rougher would the surface structure be.

[0225] The slopes of the four planes 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b defined by the angles ZA are designed to fit each other due to the angle. A smaller angle will increase the steepness of the slopes of the planes, which will change the direction of the force components Fl-fn. The forces components Fl-Fn will push the divergent portions 3a of the electrical conductor la against the other divergent portions 3b of the additional electrical conductor. One protrusion is arranged to push the two side 12a, 13a against the sides of a protrusion 12b, 13b of another electrical conductor When having multiple protrusion in the divergent portion the protrusion will push against and towards each other. The contact force may also be referred to as the total force which may be higher than the bolt forces.

[0226] The change of direction of the force components Fl-Fn by changing the steepness of the slopes of the planes 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b will change the direction of the force components Fl-Fn. The sum of the force components acting parallel with the bolt force is equal to the bolt force. Force components in all other directions changes with the angle A / slope of planes 12, 13. Hence, by adjusting the angle A, it is possible to tailor make a connection with to a predetermined contact force. An increase in steepness (smaller angle) would lead to a greater force acting in a direction different than the direction of the total force F such as perpendicular to the planes 12, 13. Maintaining the same contact force F when applying a mounting bolt 10 with steeperslopes of the planes 12, 13 will lead to an increase in the pressure acting in a direction perpendicular to the planes 12, 13 and thereby a greater force pushing the divergent portions 3 a, 3b against each other. A mounting bolt 10 may therefore be applied with less force F, smaller dimension of bolts 10 or fever bolts 10 may be needed to obtain the same force components Fl-Fn in a perpendicular direction to the planes 12, 13 when the steepness of the slopes of the planes 12, 13 increases.

[0227] Described in another way, the angle ZA between the planes defines how much of a total force F is converted into force components Fl-Fn acting on the planes 12, 13. A narrower angle will increase the amount of the force F acting against the planes 12, 13 and thereby how much the divergent portions 3a, 3b will push against each other. A narrower angle will either make room for more divergent portions 3a, 3b along the electrical component and thereby increase the area of contact between electrical components. The narrower angle may also facilitate a smaller area of contact to obtain the same connection between two electrical components and thereby making the electrical components smaller and save material.

[0228] The mounting bolt 10 in fig. 3 is illustrated as being perpendicular to the surface of the electrical conductor 16a, 16b. The mounting bolt 10 may also be angled differently according to another embodiment of the invention which is not illustrated. An angled mounting bolt 10 may push one side of the divergent portion 3a, 3b more against each other than the other side i.e. with a greater force component Fl, F2 forced against one side than the other. The mounting bolt 10 may not be angled to be perpendicular with either one of the slopes of the planes 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b. The divergent portions 3a, 3b may also be angled (not shown) according to the outer surfaces 16a, 16b of the electrical component and keeping the mounting bolt 10 perpendicular to the outer surfaces 16a, 16b as illustrated in fig. 3. It may be advantageous to either angle the divergent portions 3a, 3b, mounting bolt 10 or both to facilitate a predetermined force at a certain angle or mutual position of the connecting of two electrical components. The mounting bolt may be easier to mount in an electrical panel due to an angled position while the connection between the two electrical components maintains the same or even improved conductivity.

[0229] Fig. 4 illustrates a part of the terminals 4a, 4b of the two electrical conductors illustrated on fig. 3. In the embodiment illustrated in fig. 4, the two electrical conductors are illustrated as forced together e.g. by bolts establishing a contact force F forcing the planes 12a, 12b and 13a, 13b against each other thereby physically touching each other mechanically creating an electric connection. The truncated planes 14 of both divergent portions3 makes the contact force F from mounting the two electrical conductors la, lb split into force components Fl-Fn which are also illustrated in both fig. 3 and 4. Hence, preferably there are not forces acting between the two terminals 4a, 4b parallel to the contact force F. The force components Fl-Fn are angled according to the two planes 12a, 13a compared to the contact force F. Accordingly, the force acting between the two conductor parts are not parallel to the force F applied to the conductors. In fact, the forces Fl-Fn acting between the two conductor parts are acting substantially perpendicular to the planes 12, 13. The slopes of these planes are preferably linear to facilitate as high electrical connection i.e. as low ohmic resistance therebetween as possible.

[0230] The contact force F established by the mounting the bolts may vary across the electrical component when e.g., one bolt 10 is mounted with a greater force than a second bolt 10. The difference in force when mounting the bolts may be advantageous to force a greater electrical connection between two electrical components at a specific location. The difference in force applied to the mounting bolts may also be taking into account when designing the divergent portion 3 of the electrical components. The divergent portion may change along the electrical component e.g., the angle of each geometric divergent portion 18 to ensure a uniform connection with two bolts applying different contact forces. The mounted bolts illustrated in fig. 3 may also be mounted with an equal amount of force and the change in contact force may vary from near the mounted bolts towards the midpoint between the two bolts. Such variation of the contact force F may be eliminated by applying a narrower angle of the geometric divergent portion 18 at the middle of the terminals 4. Thereby also increasing the angle of the geometric divergent portions 18 near the mounted bolt to make a uniform force and thereby a uniform electrical connection over the length of the terminals 4.

[0231] The height of the geometric divergent portions 18 may also be designed with different height compared to either a center axis or the surface of the electrical conductor. The difference in height may result in different cross-sectional areas of ducts 20 established between the two electrical conductors as consequence of the missing cut-out part of the protrusions. The different sizes of the ducts 20 may facilitate different cooling properties. The different cooling properties of the ducts may facilitate different conductivities between the two electrical conductors and thereby the ducts can be used to guide the current to specific parts of the electrical conductors.

[0232] The ducts 20 are located where the cut-off part of the protrusions would have been if they were not cut-off i.e. partly defined by the truncated plane 14, parts of planes 12, 13.

[0233] The terminals 4 of the electrical conductors 1 may also be designed with different divergent portions 3 or different geometries of ducts 20 to e.g., guide the current to a predetermined part of the electrical conductor. The predetermined part of the conductor may be connected with another electrical component and the electrical conductor thereby facilitates a better electrical connection between the two by guiding the current along a predetermined flow path in the direction of the electrical component. This could be a busbar where the current is guided to a certain side at the terminal of the busbar. The side of the terminal of the busbar is connected to second busbar and by guiding the current in the direction of the second busbar a better conductivity is achieved. The guidance of current may be established by controlling the ohmic resistance via the design of the divergent portions 3.

[0234] The mechanic connection between the two electrical conductors la, lb by the planes 12a, 13a, 12b, 13b of the terminals 4a, 4b facilitates an optimized electrical connection i.e. a reduced ohmic resistance. The total contact force F used for mechanical connecting the two electrical conductors la, lb, to obtain the same ohmic resistance in the electrical connection, is reduced compared to known electrical connections with no divergent portions 3.

[0235] It should be noted that the mechanic connection provided by the geometry of the divergent portions of the two conductor parts is advantageous in that they ensure a solid and rigid connection of the parts. Hence, not only is the electric resistance reduced, the rigidness of the electrical system is also increased which is advantageous when the electrical system is to be located in vibrating environments such as in the nacelle of a wind turbine or moving objects such as in electrical vehicles. In electrical vehicles, a connection of two electrical conductors according to the present invention may be used between batteries, between battery and conductor to electric motor, etc.

[0236] The relative positioning of two conductor parts in the mechanic connection may be predetermined by the divergent portion. Circular shaped divergent portion centered around the center of the conductor (either in an end view or side / top view) may determine an angle between the two conductor parts. Pyramid shaped divergent portions may allow a relative displacement of the two parts to be connected in the Z- plane i.e. alone the X-axis and Y-axis.

[0237] One example of the improved electric connection of the present invention could be a current of 1000 A conducted from one conductor to another conductor through a connection of the present invention and through a conventional connection between two busbars. The measured ohmic resistance in the conventional connection is l,8E-05 Ohm whereas the measured ohmic resistance in the corrugated connection of the present invention is 3,5E-06 Ohm. Hence for each connection conducting 1000A the loss is approx. 18W compared to a loss of approx. 3,5W in the corrugated connection of the present invention. If there is 50 of such connections in a 10MW wind turbine with a yearly yield of around 88GWh the accumulated losses in conventional connections is approach 888W compared to approx. 173W in connections of the present invention.

[0238] As mentioned, this is obtained by splitting the contact force F into two or more force components Fl, F2 (only two illustrated) acting through the planes 12a, 13a and pushing on both sides of recesses from both sides of protrusions of divergent portions 3. The illustrated directions of the forces F, Fl, F2 are only for illustrativepurpose and depend on from which of the conductors the force F is coming and the geometry of the divergent portion.

[0239] The connection of the two electric conductors la, lb on fig. 4 further illustrates that ducts 20 are formed therebetween due to the truncated planes 14. The ducts 20 may be used for cooling the electrical conductors la, lb when fluids such as air, a gas or liquid are guide through the ducts 20.

[0240] Hence, the ducts 20 may act as cooling channels through the electrical connection of the two conductors or more conductors. These ducts may be connected in a manifold like channel on one or both sides / ends of the connection. No matter if the ducts 20 are fluidly connected in a manifold or not, fluid may be guided e.g. by a pump or fan through the ducts i.e. through the center of the connection. In this way a “spot cooling” is established at the source of the heat to be removed i.e. at the actual physical connection where ohmic resistance causes the heat. This is advantageous in that an increase of the ambient temperature due to electric losses in the connection is reduced or eliminated. This may contribute to a longer lifetime of components and reduced cooling system in a panel comprising such components and connections.

[0241] It should be noted that other not illustrated ducts may be established in the individual conductors to increase flow of cooling fluid and thereby reduce or control temperature even further / better. No matter the implementation of the ducts 15 (illustrated or non-illustrated), they may be equipped with spouts or nozzles for facilitating connection of external cooling systems.

[0242] Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the invention where two electrical conductors la, lb with terminals 4a, 4b having divergent portions 3 configured for being electrically and mechanically connected. The divergent portions of the electrical conductor la are designed with different distances DI from the top of the divergent portion to the center axis 17 of the conductor. The different distances DI may also be measured according to any of the outer edges of the electrical conductor 16a, 16b (not shown). The second electrical conductor lb is designed with a divergent portion in the same size and a similar distances DI to the center axis 17 of the electrical conductorlb to facilitate the electrical and mechanical connection between the two electrical conductors la, lb. The geometry of the divergent portion 18a, 18b are both shaped as pyramids or truncated pyramids while the size of the geometry of the divergent portions 18a, 18b changes with different height from the center axis 17 of the electrical conductor la, lb.

[0243] In other embodiments of the invention (not shown) the height (distance from top of a divergent portion to center axis) of the divergent portions 3 may be the same while the angle ZA changes. The changes in the angle ZA may facilitate more divergent portions 3 at some part of the surface structure 2 and thereby increase the contact area between the two electrical conductors la, lb. The design with multiple divergent portions3 with different angles ZA is also advantageous when designing and shaping two electrical conductors with a poka yoke structure. A poka yoke structure is a structure that is designed with a predetermined way (or ways) to connect two pieces, e.g., two electrical conductors. The divergent portions 3 with different angles ZA at each divergent portion 3 of the electrical conductors la, lb may only have one suitable mechanical connection where the divergent portions of the electrical conductor la mechanical connects and fits with the divergent portions of the electrical conductor lb. The poka yoke structure is advantageous in that people not skilled in the art of e.g., electrical conductors may not be able to connect the two electrical conductors in a wrong way. In other poka yoke structures it is possible to connect the two electrical conductors in more than one way e.g. according to an angle. The divergent portion may facilitate mechanical connections at different intervals e.g., at each 45° degrees or at each 90° degrees of any angle from 0-360 degrees. The poka yoke may also facilitate a left / right mechanical connection between two electrical conductors. The poka yoke structure may further be used to minimize the tolerance of e.g., mounting holes for the bolts or for the system in general. In some embodiments the tolerances may be eliminated when using a poka yoke structure.

[0244] The two electrical conductors la, lb may also comprise divergent portions 3 with other geometries where the different geometries 18 may be according to size,orientation, shape, angle or anything related to the mechanical design of the surface structure 2.

[0245] Fig. 6 illustrates an electrical conductor la with a terminal 4 at the end seen from above with two holes 5 for mounting bolts to mechanically connect the electrical conductor la to another electrical component. The electrical conductor la has a surface structure with a divergent portion 3. The holes 5 for mounting bolts are surrounded by a plane surface structure 23 for either a plan surface of the head of the mounting bolt or a tensioning disc. The plane surfaces 23 are surrounding the holes 5 and are surrounded by the surface structure with a divergent portion 3. It should be noted, that the surface structure between hole and divergent portion may also have a second surface structure 2’.

[0246] In an additional embodiment (not illustrated) the electrical conductors may also be designed comprising one mounting hole 5 or multiple holes 5 with a specific surface structure surrounding the one or more mounting holes 5. The one or more mounting holes 5 may be placed at different locations at the electrical conductor according to where it is optimal to connect the electrical conductor with a mounting bolt. The holes 5 may be located at a predetermined distance along one side of the electrical conductor la or along a center axis of the electrical conductor. The holes 5 may be placed symmetrically according to a center axis of the electrical conductor to even out the stress from the mounting bolts. The holes 5 may also be placed and designed according to the other electrical component to facilitate the optimal mechanical or electrical connection.

[0247] The surface structure surrounding the mounting hole 5 may also be designed with a surface structure comprising a divergent portion 3. The surface structure surrounding the mounting holes 5 may have a surface structure that mechanically connects and fits to a mounting bolt or tensioning disc where the mounting bolt or tensioning disc comprises a surface structure with a matching divergent portion 3 to facilitate the mechanical connection. The surface structure surrounding the mounting hole and the tensioning disc / mounting bolt may comprise a poka yoke structure in order to mechanically connect the bolts correctly.

[0248] Fig. 7 illustrates an electrical conductor la with a surface structure 2 having a certain geometry of divergent portions 18 and a second surface structure 2’ having another geometry of divergent portions 18. The two surface structures 2, 2’ are being located in the end terminal 4 of the electrical conductor la. The two surface structures 2, 2’ are illustrated as the same type of geometric divergent portion but angled in different directions according to a center axis of the electrical conductor 17. The surface structures may also be angled according to the edges of the electrical conductor or angled according to a mounting hole (not shown). The two surface structures 2, 2’ may also be two identical surface structures with geometric divergent portions 18 and where one of the surface structures also comprises a roughness divergent portion and the second surface structure has a smoother surface. The two surface structures may also be two different shaped and designed surface structures 2 with two different divergent portions having different geometries 18, wherein each divergent portion being configured to mechanically / electrically connect with a matching divergent portion of another electrical component.

[0249] The two surface structures 2, 2’ may also be designed for when the electrical conductor la is to be mechanically connected in a right and a left side configuration. The electrical conductor la may be configured to being mechanically connected on either side according to the two different surface structures 2, 2’.

[0250] In an embodiment of the invention the electrical conductor la may comprise more than two surface structures 2 to be configured for multiple mechanical connections. The different surface structures may be used to e.g., guide different connections of additional electrical conductors, e.g., having a busbar connected to three different electrical components wherein each electrical component only is suitable to mechanical connect with the place of the busbar with a certain surface structure. The surface structures may further comprise a notation like a letter or number to guide and illustrate where different electrical components are to be mechanically connected by the surface structures. The electrical components with more than one surface structure may be configured for being connected to an additional electrical components in different way or to ensure additional electrical components beingconnected to the electrical components with more than one surface structure in only one and predetermined way according to the surface structures.

[0251] Additional the surface structures of the electrical conductor may be placed in terminals of each end of the electrical conductor with a plane surface structure between them. This said there may be terminals of the present invention between ends of a conductor. The two different surfaces structures at the terminals in each end of the electrical conductor may define an orientation for connecting the electrical conductor in an electrical cabinet or panel to ensure a correctly placed electrical conductor according to panel layout. The divergent surface structures of the present invention may also be designed along just one edge of the electrical conductor or a predetermined places which may optimize the electrical connections between the electrical conductor and other electrical components.

[0252] In one embodiment of the invention the surface structure 2 is used with a divergent portion 3 to connect the left side of the electrical conductor to another electrical conductor in a first predetermined angle. The second surface structure 2’ is used with another divergent portion to connect the right side of the electrical conductor to another electrical conductor in a second predetermined angle. The first and second predetermined angles may be any angle desired for connecting the electrical conductors to optimize e.g., a space in an electrical system or cabinet. The predetermined angles may also be used for correctly mounting the electrical conductors to the left and / or the right side of the electrical conductor.

[0253] The distance between two adjacent protrusions or recesses (also sometimes referred to as valleys) may be measured in millimeters such as any number between 1 and 10 millimeters. It should that this distance may also be below 1 millimeter or above 10 millimeters. In case the protrusions / recesses are wedge like, cone like or pyramid like, the density of protrusions / recesses may be any number between 1 and 10 per square centimeter. In general, the more vertex a surface has, the more acute the individual vertexes becomes and thus the higher resulting force between surfaces.

[0254] Fig. 8 illustrates an electrical conductor la with a surface structure 2 wherein the surface structure has a circular shaped geometric divergent portion 18. The circular geometric divergent portion 18 is configured for connecting to an additional electrical conductor wherein the additional electrical conductor may be able to rotate 360° degrees due to the circular geometric divergent portion 18 of the electrical conductor la. The circular geometric divergent portion 18 of the electrical conductor la is located along the center axis 17 with diameter of the mounting hole along the center axis 17. It is noted that the geometric divergent portion 18 is not located at an end of the conductor i.e. the illustrated terminal 4 is not an end terminal in this particular embodiment. It could however be an end terminal in other embodiments. The circular geometric divergent portion 18 may also be configured to lock an additional electrical conductor at a certain angle which may be at each 90° degrees, 60° degrees, 45° degrees or any other interval or angle needed for direction of the additional electrical conductor according to the electrical conductor la. If slits (not illustrated) are provided in the circular geometry of the two terminals 4 a predetermined angled connection is established.

[0255] In another embodiment of the invention the mounting hole 5 with the circular geometric divergent portion 18 may be located at other places at the surface of the electrical conductor. The electrical conductor may also comprise more than one mounting hole 5 with a circular geometric divergent portion 18. The geometric divergent portion 18 may also be shaped as squares, triangles or any other geometric shape surrounding the mounting hole 5.

[0256] In another embodiment of the invention the electrical conductor with the geometric divergent portion may also be shaped with slits. The slits may be configured for aligning and connecting an additional electrical conductor, where the additional electrical conductor can be connected at any place along the geometric divergent portion. The additional electrical conductor is locked for rotation and moving in any other direction that along the slits. Such locking may as mentioned be facilitated by slits or irregularities in the circular geometry at predetermined locations. Thereby preventing a continuous change of the angle as the corresponding geometry of aterminal of another conductor may be prevent from sliding by the irregularity. It should be mentioned that a mounting of a conductor to terminals having a circular geometry 18 may first comprise the step of loosely tightening the two terminals together by a bolt and then slide around one of the two to the desired angle therebetween and fastening the bolt.

[0257] Fig. 9a illustrates a first electrical conductor la having a circular geometry connectable to a second electrical conductor lb also having a circular geometry. In this embodiment the terminal could be said to extend along the entire length of the conductor. The first and second electrical conductors are both having divergent portions along their Z-direction i.e. along their longitudinal axis 17. The divergent portions 3 may be similar to those described above and their effect may be the same. With this said, having divergent portions 3 along the length of the electrical conductors is advantageous in that such connection facilitates a great tolerance in the longitudinal direction (Z) of the conductor. Thereby, flexibility in exactly where along the length of a first conductor a second conductor is connected is achieved. The design illustrated in fig. 9a is especially advantageous in that it facilitates connecting two conductors thereby extending the total length of the conductor.

[0258] It should be noted that a conductor 1 may also be hollow and thus having divergent portions 3 both at the inner and outer side of the pipe like conductor 1.

[0259] Such inner divergent portions 3 may be used to attach an interface module 26 or terminal to the conductor 1 as illustrated in fig. 9c. Here the conductor 1 is illustrate as a pipe like conductor with grooves around its perimeter. Ordinary pipe like conductors without grooves may obviously also be used. The interface module 26 comprise a fixed wedge part 27 and a movable wedge part 28. These two can be tightened and thereby clamped together by a bolt and nut. Thereby, the movable part 28 displace and increases the common circumference of the two wedge parts 27, 28 and thereby engage with the inside of the pipe conductor 1.

[0260] It is noted that the wedge parts 27, 28 are engaging via divergent parts 3 and also the outer circumference of the wedge parts are equipped with divergent portions 3 to engage with divergent portions 3 of the inside of the conductor 1.

[0261] The illustrated conductors la, lb may only be terminals 4a, 4b of such conductors. Hence, the non-illustrated part of these conductors may have any geometry such as circular as a cable or square-like as a busbar, etc. Alternatively, the terminal 4a, conductor la may be a conductor extending in the Z direction away from the conductor lb / terminal 4b whereas the conductor lb / terminal 4b may be a simple terminal strip / connecter as illustrated facilitating the connection of another conductor as the conductor la / terminal 4a (illustrated with stipulated lines). Alternatively, the terminal 4b may be a T-shaped terminal branching off the conductor la in two branches. One or both of these two branches may be perpendicular to the conductor la or in principle in any angle. Alternatively, the terminal 4b may be a splitter connecting the conductor la with 3 or more (such as 4, 5, 6, ... , n) conductors in the same plane (X) or angled out of this X plane into / toward the Y plane.

[0262] The longer the part of the conductor la having divergent portions 3 the higher flexibility in location of the connection of the conductor lb to the conductor la is achieved. The first conductor la may be referred to as the inner conductor and the second conductor lb may be referred to as the outer conductor.

[0263] The outer conductor may as illustrated be designed as a partly open conductor. The open conductor should be understood as a conductor having an opening 21 with two flanges 22. With this opening, it is possible to expand the diameter of the outer conductor lb, by pulling the flanges 22 away from each other, allowing it to slide over the inner conductor la to the desired location. At the desired location, a bolt 10 and nut 11 is tightened through holes in the flanges 22 forcing the divergent portions of the outer conductor against the divergent portions of the inner conductor (see fig. 9b, no inner conductor is illustrated in fig. 9b). This way of fastening two conductors is advantageous in that there are no bolts going through the pre-determined current path of the first / inner conductor.

[0264] In another embodiment of the invention the outer conductor may be a closed pipe or tube with a divergent portion on the inside. An inner conductor may be formed with a slit or as a pipe with a divergent portion placed on the outside of the inner conductor. The inner conductor may be placed inside the outer conductor. A connection between the two conductors is established by applying e.g., a wedge in the slit or hollow part of the inner conductor generating a contact force pushing from the inner conductor against the outer conductor.

[0265] It should be noted that one of the flanges may be extended forming the further conductor lb. Alternatively, the further conductor is branched off from the outer circumference of the outer conductor thereby ensuring that no bolts are going through the pre-determined current path. These two alternatives are illustrated with stipulated lines.

[0266] The illustrated inner conductor la has longitudinal divergent portions which are parallel to the longitudinal axis 17 of the illustrated conductor la. It should be mentioned that these may be implemented in other ways such as twisted around the outer circumference of the inner conductor. They may also be disrupted or having different geometries to allow only one predetermined type of conductor to be connected thereto and in this way eliminate human errors when mounting one conductor to another conductor.

[0267] It should be noted that the inner conductor may be hollow to save material and facilitate inner cooling of the conductor.

[0268] Further, it should be noted that, as the above-described divergent portions, the divergent portion 3 of the conductors illustrated in fig. 9 may include interrupted divergent portions. This should be understood as parts of the geometry of the divergent portions differs from the rest. The location of such additional protrusions or recesses on the divergent portions of the two conductors may be coordinated so that the two conductors only can be positioned in one correct position relative to each other. Which position is when a protrusion on one conductor fits a recess (or change in divergent geometry) of a second conductor.

[0269] Fig. 10 illustrates a system of electrical components la-ld in the form of electrical conductors la, lb (e.g. rectangular, cylindrical, bionic etc.), switches 1c and cable shoes Id. Such system could be implemented in an electrical panel (not illustrated). The illustrated system is only for illustrative purposes for illustrating some of the possible variations of different types of connections having divergent portions according to the present invention.

[0270] The conductors lb with cable shoes Id mounted on both ends may also be referred to as transition pieces, note that such transition pieces may not necessarily be of cable but could also be of a compact busbar or a busbar of a bionic design such as a 3D printed busbar. Note that all busbars described in this document could be 3D printed busbars e.g. with a bionic design where conductor branches are branching off and thereby forming the bionic design.

[0271] One of the switches 1c (left most) is illustrated as being connected to one of the electrical conductors lb via a transition piece in the form of a busbar. This transition piece is bolted with bolts 10 to the conductor lb and part of the terminal 4 of this conductor, having a divergent portion 3, is not covered by the transition piece. This terminal part is equipped with divergent portions formed in the longitudinal direction of the conductor. Note that the ends of the horizontal conductors la, lb, to the left one end is illustrated with longitudinal divergent portions 3 and the other with divergent portions 3 having an angle to the longitudinal direction of the conductors.

[0272] The other switch 1c (right most) is as mentioned illustrated as being connected to the conductor la via cables to which cable shoes Id are connected. Divergent part of the cable shoes Id and of the terminal part 4 of the conductor la are adapted to fit each other. The way they fit each other is via circular geometry / design centered around a hole in the divergent portions 3 of the terminal 4. This design is advantageous in that it has the effect, that once the bolt and nut is loosely connected the user can position the cable shoe as he would like 360 degrees around the bolt 10.

[0273] The two conductors lb, la connected to the switches 1c are further connected to vertical conductors la and lb via divergent portions such as those described inrelation to fig. 1-8. The conductor lb of these two vertical conductors are designed with a terminal 4 at the ends and at the middle. The opposite end to the connection between the conductors la and lb and the middle terminal parts are designed a design of the divergent portions 3 of a circular design as the one described in relation to fig. 9.

[0274] In this figure, this conductor, or at least the terminal part 4 hereof, would be referred to as the inner conductor. The part of the conductor connected to this inner part would be referred to as the outer conductor. As illustrated, this terminal part 4 comprises a flange 22 used for connecting the outer and inner parts and opposite this flange, the terminal part 4 is monolithically joint with the rest of the conductor, the rest of the conductor in this embodiment is having a circular design of the divergent portion.

[0275] If an outer conductor should be connected to the middle terminal part having the circular divergent portion, this not illustrated conductor may have a variable diameter so that it can be expanded and thereby slide to the middle terminal part.

[0276] It should be noted that if a conductor is to be connected to another conductor by completely enclosing or by enclosing two or more sides or more than 50% of a circumferential part of the conductor, the terminal part of this other conductor may be designed with at least one releasably or partly releasable part. In this way the other conductor can be positioned at the terminal part of the conductor and the releasable part can then be positioned and tightened to the other part of the other conductor and thus facilitate a connection of the other conductor to the conductor.

[0277] An electrical connection according to the present invention is especially advantageous when looking at the entire electric system e.g. when a connection is comprised by an electric cabinet, i.e. busbars connected to conduct current from point A to point B in a cabinet. At least in high power systems, such electric system may include several connections of main busbars and transitions busbars. The electric losses can be reduced with more than 50% such as in some situations between 55% and 95%, such as 80% per individual connection. Because of this huge reduction inelectric losses and thereby reduction in heat that need to be removed from conventional connections. Hence, an advantage is that the requirements to a temperature regulation system, that is maintaining a required temperature inside the cabinet, can be reduced.

[0278] Further, when looking at an electric system comprising a plurality of electric connections, the connection of the present application is advantageous in that it can be designed to have a predetermined ohmic resistance. In electric systems e.g. comprised by an electric cabinet where the temperature must be above e.g. 0°C, one or more electric connections can be designed to constitute an ohmic resistor comparable to a heat element. Thus, by allowing a current to run through one or more connectors, heat is generated comparable to heat generated from a heat element. This may require some kind of load and contactor to allow the current to run, which may be different from system to system. In principle, it may be possible to design a connection between one or more components of an electric system with an ohmic resistance that ensure a temperature above 0 degrees (or other temperatures) when current is conductor in conductors of the system.

[0279] In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention two conductors each comprises divergent portions implemented as threaded part at their end. In this way, the two conductors can be connected by turning like mounting a nut on a bolt. In this implementation there is also a distance h’ between the divergent parts (thread) of the two conductors. In this embodiment, the distance may be as described elsewhere in this document between inward and outward tip of divergent portions of the two conductors. Alternatively, or in addition a distance may be established between one side of the thread of one conductor and one side of the thread of the other conductor, hence the resulting force in this embodiment may mainly be sum for force components between one side of the tread of the two conductors.

[0280] Following this embodiment, it may also be possible to mount T-pieces to conductors and thereby branch off current conducted in one conductor into two conductors in such T-piece. The current conducting cross-sectional areas of such three conductors may not be the same. Hence before the split the conductor carrying allcurrent may have a larger cross-sectional area than the two conductors that after the split share the current.

[0281] Further, in yet another non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the conductors electrically connected by divergent portions according to the present invention is comprised by an electric component such as a breaker or the like.

[0282] Examples of such electric components include, but are not limited to, circuit breakers, power modules, IGBTs / MESFETs, SiC devices, capacitors, transformers, contactors, inverters, rectifiers, converters, switchgear, etc.

[0283] By using terminals with divergent portion according to the present invention when connecting electric conductors to such electric components the electric losses are reduced. Also, if such components are having internal electric connections e.g. inside an enclosure, losses and thereby heat generation can be reduced leading to a longer life-time and / or the possibility to reduce size of electric conductors inside the component and / or the size of such electric components.

[0284] Fig. 11 illustrates terminal parts 4 and body part 24 of an electrical conductor in a view where the terminals and body part are not joined, but where the terminals are located in a position relative to the body part according to where they are to be joint with the body part. According to the a method of manufacturing of an electrical conductor according to the present invention, the parts are monolithically joint by additive manufacturing. The terminal parts 4 may be provided by stamping and the divergent portion (not illustrated) may also be provided into the surface of the terminal part by stamping.

[0285] A corner 25 of the terminal part 4 may be removed to better fit a first end of a body part 24a. The end of the terminal part 4 may be shaped as desired to form the best possible starting point for connecting it to the body part. The body part between its two ends 24a, 24b may be manufactured by additive manufacturing and attached to the terminal part 4 in a three-step process. This process may start by providing the terminal part with divergent portion (on one or more of its sides), then manufacture the body part and finally attach the body part to the terminal part.

[0286] The body part may e.g. be a standard normal busbar manufactured by extrusion or it may have a non-uniform geometry. In both cases, the terminal part and body part may be joint by welding or soldering. However, if a non-normal body part such as body part with non-uniform geometry is desired. Such body part can be manufactured by an additive manufacturing process. In this case the last two steps may be integrated in one step monolithically joining the terminal and the body part. This is possible in that the body part can be produced by additive manufacturing directly onto a surface of the terminal part. In this way, the total time for manufacturing an electrical conductor with a terminal part according to the present invention may be reduced and made cheaper. This is because it may be faster and cheaper to stamp a divergent portion in a terminal part comparted to building it by additive manufacturing.

[0287] In case a body part of an electrical conductor is produced by additive manufacturing, due to the flexibility in design and manufacturing an electrical conductor with almost any desired geometry can be manufactured. Because of this, the body part can be optimized to reduce the number of required electrical connections in an electrical system. This may lead to a reduction in losses in electric conductor and connections so that it may in some systems be possible to replace copper busbars with aluminium busbars and still reduced the total electric losses in the system, even though electric conductance in aluminium is poor compared to electric conductance in copper.

[0288] It is desired to have as large area of contact as possible in that in this way it is possible to reduce the clamping force and still reach a resulting force equal to the yield strength of the conductor material. This is because the yield strength is calculated as the clamping force divided by the area of contact between the two conductors.

[0289] Calculations were made that reviled the relationship between contact area and angle A of the divergent portions. The first column is the angle A in degrees which change between 180 (plan and state of the art connection illustrated in fig. 12) and 5. The second column is the clamping force which in all examples are 1000N. The third column is the resulting force between sides of the divergent portions. The Fourth column is the contact area of the sides 12, 13 between the two conductors.

[0290] It can be seen that the resulting force at an angle A of 60 degrees is double of the clamping force. Accordingly, the bolt providing the clamping force can be reduced in size or the number of bolts can be reduced.

[0291] Taking a terminal part of an electrical conductor as an example, the area of a surface structure such as the sides of a divergent structure which may be shaped as wedges may be determined by the angle A. This is because the area of the terminal is fixed and thus the more acute the individual vertexes become the more wedges are possible to place on the limited space of the terminal and thus the larger becomes the area of the surface structure. The higher areas of the surface structure, the higher resulting force is established between the surface structures of two engaged terminal parts.

[0292] It should be noted, that it is also possible to calculate the other way i.e. starting by determining requirements to a resulting force and then design the area of the surface structure so that the required resulting force is obtained at a given clamping force from a bolt connecting the two terminal parts.

[0293] The design of the surface structure may be made in a computer program resulting in a digital representation of the surface structure. Once the design of the surface structure is determined and a digital representation is provided, the terminal part of the component can be manufactured.

[0294] The surface structure may be manufactured by moulding, casting or extrusion in the same process as manufacturing rest of the conductor / component. Alternative manufacturing methods may include stamping process, additive manufacturing process or similar. If the terminal part is to be attached to a e.g. a conductor, this may be done in a second process step. The two parts may be attached e.g. by welding or soldering.

[0295] The direction of e.g. wedges may be angled such as perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of e.g. a conductor comprising the terminal part. In this way, when attached, the wedged assists in mechanically holding the two components together. If the wedged was provided parallel to the longitudinal direction of the conductor only the bolt would ensure the mechanical connection also when a pulling force is applied to the conductor at the opposite end of the terminal part.

[0296] It should be noted, that only part of the first electrical component may be designed with said divergent portion. Further, it should be noted that the first electrical component may be an electrical conductor and that an end of the electrical conductor may comprises at least four sides where at least one of the four sides comprises a divergent portion. Further it should be noted, that said the geometry divergent portion may comprise a plurality of angled recesses and that the divergent portion of an electric conductor may comprise both angled protrusions and angled recesses.

[0297] Fig. 12 illustrates a state of the art connection of two busbars / electric conductors having Ra value below 2pm such as e.g. between 0,8pm and 1,6pm. A busbar with an Ra value in this range will feal and look as having a planer surface. The bolt will provide the clamping force perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the two busbars la, lb. A state of the art connection like the one illustrated in fig. 12 will generate heat from electric losses.

[0298] It should be noted, that to gain improvements of the present invention the surface of the components such as the divergent portions should be higher than an Ra value of 2pm. Under Ra 2 pm the number of divergent portions or in this order of sizemore accurate peaks will be so high that the clamping force needed to obtain the advantage is too high.

[0299] Fig. 13a-13b illustrates in more details the distance h’ between, in this embodiment, two busbars la, lb. Fig 13a illustrates for simplicity only on protrusion 3a of the busbar la and one recess 3b of the busbar lb. In fig. 13a, the two busbars are not yet completely engaged i.e. a user be in a process of connecting the two busbars.

[0300] Details of the encircled connection of the two divergent portions 3s, 3b are also illustrated. From this detailed view it is seen that a distance between the busbars at the area outside the divergent portions 3a, 3b exists as well as a distance h’ between the two busbars. Hence, in the embodiment illustrated in fig. 13a, the divergent portions are designed so that the distance h’ is present (h’ > 0) at least until the resulting force equals the material’s yield strength.

[0301] In the embodiment illustrated in fig. 13b it can be seen that the part of the busbars outside the divergent portions are in contact. Also, the divergent portions 3a, 3b are in contact accordingly the distance h’ is equal to 0 (h’ = 0). This may happen when the resulting force of the force components Fl, F2 equals the material’s yield strength. In such situation there is a risk, that not all force components of the clamping force F are acting through the sides of the divergent portions 3. Due to the physical contact that may occur between the outward tip (divergent portion 3a) and inward tip (divergent portion 3b) a risk occur that some of the clamping force F acts through these tips (in the encircled part of 13b) thereby reducing the force components Fl, F2 acting through the sides of the divergent portions.

[0302] However, as long as any the force component of the clamping force that acts parallel with the clamping force is negligible compared to the force components Fl, F2 acting non-parallel to the clamping force F, the advantages of the present invention are still achieved.

[0303] In case the clamping force F continues to increase so that the resulting force becomes larger than the material’s yield strength (h’ = 0), the component of the clamping force acting through the tips are increased which is not desired as this willdecrease the components of the clamping force acting through the sides of the divergent portions. However, again the advantages of the present invention may still be achieved if the force component acting through the tip is negligible compared to the force components acting through the sides of the divergent portions i.e. nonparallel to the clamping force.

[0304] Negligible should obviously be understood as the lower the better. Hence, below 2% of the clamping force acting from tip to tip is better than 5% which is better than 10%, which again is better than 15% and 20% etc.

[0305] Fig. 14a and 14b illustrates two different examples of how a cut-out part 15 can be implemented as an alternative to the truncated plan 14. Obviously, the illustrated examples are only a few of the variants that is able to implement to ensure that the distance h’ is larger than zero when the two busbars la, lb are connected by a clamping force. One can imagen that when the illustrated busbars are connected, the tip of the protrusions 3 will not touch the opposing conductor / recess 3.

[0306] In an embodiment of the invention, the distance h’ is established by designing the divergent portion of the first surface structure with a cut-out part. Such cut-out part could e.g. be provided by removal of the tip of the divergent portion of the surface structure of the first component.

[0307] In an embodiment of the invention, the distance h’ is established by designing the divergent portion of the second surface structure with a cut-out part. Such cut-out part could e.g. be provided by removal of material creating an area or space into the surface structure of the second component.

[0308] From the above it is now clear that the present invention relates to a terminal 4 design with which the force connecting terminals 4 of two electrical components 1 can be controlled. Such design ensure that contact force F e.g. applied to the terminals from bolt joins are separated into force components Fl-Fn which are non-parallel with the contact force. This is facilitated by a divergent portion 3 of the terminals 4, a divergent portion that may be designed with a certain geometry (geometry of divergent portion 18) and / or with a certain (determined or random) roughness (roughnessdivergent portion 19). The electrical components 1 may as mentioned be switchgear, transformers, power modules, etc. i.e. components having terminals 4 for electrical connections. The electrical components 1 may be cables, busbars, cable shoes, etc. that either can be connected together or to terminals of other components.List of reference signs:1. Electric component (general) a. First Electrical component (specific, such as a first electrical conductor), b. second electrical component (specific, such as a second electrical conductor) c. Switch d. Cable shoe2. Surface structure, a. first surface structure b. second surface structure3. Divergent portion, a. Protrusion, b. Recess,4. Terminal,5. Hole,6. Third plane (angle A plane)7. Point of divergent geometry (vertex of the geometry)10. Bolt11. Nut12. Planes of divergent portions a. First plane of geometry of divergent portion of first electric component b. First plane of geometry of divergent portion of second electric component13. Planes of divergent portions a. second plane of geometry of divergent portion of first electric component b. second plane of geometry of divergent portion of second electric component14. Truncated plane / top of protrusion15. Cut-out part16. Surface or edge of electrical conductor a. First outer edge b. Second outer edge17. Center axis / longitudinal axis of electrical component18. Geometry of divergent portion a. Outgrowing geometry b. Ingrowing geometry19. Roughness divergent portion20. duct21. Opening for fastening22. Flange,23. Plane surface structure,24. body partA first end of body partB second end of body part25 corner of terminal part26. interface module27. fixed wedge part28. movable wedge partF. Force (Contact Force / Total Force), Fl-Fn. Force components.

Claims

Claims1. A first electrical component (la) comprising a first surface structure (2a) said first electrical component (la) is configured for electrically connecting to a second surface structure (2b) of a second electrical component (lb) by said first surface structure (2a), wherein said surface structures (2a, 2b) comprises divergent portions (3), wherein said divergent portions (3) are designed to establish a distance h’ therebetween when said divergent portions (3) are engaged.

2. A first electrical component (la) according to claim 1, wherein said divergent portions (3) are designed to that said distance h’ is present at least until a resulting force equals the yield strength of the material of one of the first and second electric components (la, lb).

3. A first electrical component (la) according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said divergent portions (3) are designed so that the distance h’ is zero when the resulting force equals the yield strength of the material of one of the first and second electric components (la, lb).

4. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said divergent portion (3) of said first surface structure (2a) comprises at least one protrusion (3a, 18a), wherein said at least one protrusion (3a, 18a) comprises a cut-out part (15).

5. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said divergent portion (3a) of said first electrical component (la) is engaged with a divergent portion (3b) of said second component (lb) and wherein said second divergent portion (3b) comprises a cut-out part (15).

6. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said divergent portion (3b) of said second surface structure (2b) comprises at least one recess (3b, 18b).

7. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one recess (3b, 18b) has an area corresponding to said at least one protrusion (3a, 18a).

8. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said at least one protrusion (3a, 18a) and said at least one recess (3b, 18b) extend across said first electrical component with an angle between 40 degrees and 140 degrees to the longitudinal direction (17) of said first electrical component (la).

9. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said at least one protrusion (3a, 18a) is defined by at least two planes (12a, 13a) and wherein said at least one recess (3b, 18b) is defined by at least two planes (12b, 13b).

10. A first electrical component (la) according to claim 9, wherein said at least two planes (12a, 12b) are non-parallel and wherein said at least two planes (12b, 13b) are non-parallel.

11. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said first electrical component (la) is selected from the list comprising a cable shoe, terminals, terminals of breaker, terminals of switch, terminals of contactor and electrical conductor.

12. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said divergent portion (3a) of said surface structure (2a) is a terminal part (4) of said first electrical component (la).

13. A first electrical component (la) according to any one of the previous claims 11- 12, wherein a terminal part (4) is arranged between ends of said electrical conductor.

14. A first electrical component (la) according to any one of the previous claims I lls, wherein said electrical conductor is a transition piece between a breaker and a busbar.

15. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said divergent portions (3) has different orientations of a tangential gradient on each side of a point (7) of said divergent portion (3 s) defining an angle A (ZA).

16. A first electrical component (la) according to claim 15, wherein said tangentially gradient has the same numerical value on each side point (7).

17. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein a hole (5) is provided through said surface structure (2a) and through said first electrical component (la).

18. A first electrical component (la) according to claim 17, wherein said surface structure (2a) comprise a plane surface between said hole (5) and said divergent portion (3a).

19. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims 17-18, wherein said surface structure (2a) comprises a second surface structure (2’) between said hole (5) and said divergent portion (3a).

20. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said first electrical component (la) comprises more than one surface structure (2).

21. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said first electrical component (la) comprises said first surface structure (2a) on at least two sides of a terminal part (4).

22. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said divergent portion (3) is monolithically formed with said first electrical component (la).

23. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said divergent portion (3) are provided in the process of making said first electrical component (la).

24. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein a terminal part (4) with a divergent portion (3) is produced by a first process step and at least a part of said first electrical component (la) is produced by a second process step and wherein said terminal part (4) and said at least part of said first electrical component (la) are joint by a third process step.

25. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein at least one of said second process step and said third process step is an additive manufacturing step.

26. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein a terminal part (4) comprise an internal duct and wherein said first electrical component part (la) comprise a second internal duct and wherein after said third process step, said first and said second internal ducts are fluidly joint to a common duct (20).

27. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein an area of a divergent portion (3) of said surface structure (2a) is greater than an area of a footprint of said surface of a terminal part (4).

28. A first electrical component (la) according to any one of the previous claims 4-27, wherein said at least one protrusion (3a, 18) and said at least one recess (3b, 18) are having a shape which when seen in a side view is comprised by the list comprising a comb, a saw and a wave but not limited to these specific structures.

29. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims wherein said divergent portions (3) are defined by first planes (12a, 12b) and second planes (13a, 13b) defining surface structures with a geometry comprised by the list comprising: sphere, pyramid, truncated pyramid, cone, truncated cube and wedge.

30. A first electrical component (la) according to claim 29, wherein said divergent portion (3) is a geometry divergent portion (18) comprises a plurality of angled protrusions (3a) and a plurality of angled recesses (3b).

31. A first electrical component (la) according to any one of the previous claims 29- 30, wherein said geometry divergent portion (18) comprises a plurality of pairs of nonparallel first and second planes (12, 13), wherein said planes defining an angle (ZA) between said pairs of non-parallel first and second planes (12, 13).

32. A first electrical component (la) according to claim 31, wherein an angle bisector of said angle (ZA) is parallel with the direction of a mounting bolt.

33. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said divergent portion (3) of said first electrical component (la) comprise more acute angles than obtuse angles.

34. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, comprising a divergent portion (3) comprising a truncated plane (14).

35. A first electrical component (la) according to claim 34 wherein a length of said truncated plane (14) is shorter than a length of one of said planes (12, 13).

36. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the shape of said divergent portion (3) is selected from the list comprising longitudinal shaped, truncated pyramid, wedge and truncated cone.

37. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said divergent portion (3) is designed with a predetermined pattern configured for locking said first electrical component (la) to said second electrical component (lb) with any desired angle therebetween.

38. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said divergent portion (3) is designed with a predetermined pattern configured for locking said first electrical component (la) to said second electrical component (lb) with a predetermined angle therebetween.

39. A first electrical component (la) according to claim38, wherein said predetermined pattern is configured for locking said second electrical component (lb) in a predetermined configuration relative to said first electric component (la).

40. A first electrical component (la) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said divergent portion (3) comprises a surface roughness having a Ra value above 1,5 um.

41. A first electrical component (la) according to claim 40, wherein said divergent portion is a roughness divergent portion (19).

42. A first electrical component (la) according claim 41, where said geometric divergent portion (18) comprises a roughness divergent portion (19).

43. A second electric component (lb) having features as described in any of the previous claims.

44. A method of manufacturing a terminal part (4) of an electrical conductor (1), said electrical conductor (1) further comprises a body part (24), said terminal part (4) comprises a surface structure (2), wherein said surface structure (2) comprises a divergent portion (3), wherein said divergent portion (3) comprises a plurality of pairs of non-parallel first and second planes (12, 13), said method comprises the steps of determining an angle (ZA) between said first and said second planes (12, 13) defining one of said plurality of pairs, establishing said divergent portion (3) in said terminal part (4) by establishing said plurality of pairs of non-parallel first and second planes (12, 13), wherein at least one of said plurality of pairs are protrusions (3a, 18a) comprising said first and second plane (12, 13) with said angle (ZA) therebetween.

45. A method according to claim 44, wherein said planes (12, 13) ends in a truncated plane (14).

46. A method according to any one of claims 44-45, wherein said method further comprises the step of establishing at least one of said plurality of pairs are recesses (3b, 18b) comprising said first and second plane (12, 13) with said angle (ZA) therebetween, wherein said planes (12, 13) ends in a cut-out part (15).

47. A method according to any one of claim 44-46, wherein said divergent portion (3) is established by additive manufacturing, extruding, stamping or milling.

48. A method according to any one of the previous claims 44-47, wherein said method further comprises the step of manufacturing said body part (24), according to the steps of by an additive manufacturing process: provide a first layer of electrically conductive material, provide a plurality of subsequent layers of electrically conductive material forming said body part (24) of said electrical conductor (1), wherein a layer of said body part (24) added to a previous layer of said body part (24) is forming said body part (24) between a first end (24a) and a second end (24b) of said body part (24) in a continuous process, wherein said first end (24a) is monolithically connected to said second end (24b).

49. A method according to any of the previous claims 44-48, wherein said body part (24) has a non-rectangular cross-sectional area.

50. A method according to any of the previous claims 44-49, wherein said body part has a non-uniform geometry.

51. A method according to any of the previous claims 44-50, wherein said terminal part (4) and said body part (24) are joint in a welding or soldering process thereby forming said electrical conductor (1).

52. A method according to any of the previous claims 44-51, wherein said first layer of electrically conductive material of said body part is provided on said terminal part (4) thereby forming said electrical conductor (1).

53. A method according to any of the previous claims 44-52, wherein said first layer of electrically conductive material and said subsequent layers of electrically conductive material are provided by an additive manufacturing process.

54. A method according to any of the previous claims 44-53, wherein a comer (25) of said terminal part (4) is removed before said first layer of electrically conductive material is provided on said terminal part (4).

55. A computer program adapted to perform the method according to any of the claims 44-54, based on a digital representation of said body part (25) and / or said terminal part (4).

56. An electrical system comprising: a first electrical component (la) comprising a first terminal part (4a) having a surface structure comprising a first divergent portion (3), and a second electrical component (lb) with a second terminal part (4b) having a surface structure comprising a second divergent portion (3), wherein said first and second divergent portions (3, 3) are configured for mechanically engaging and thereby establish an electrical connection between said first and second electrical components (la, lb) when a contact force (F) is applied from one of said first divergent portion (3) and said second divergent portion (3) towards the other, wherein said first and second divergent portions (3) are designed to establish a distance h’ therebetween when said first and second divergent portions (3) are engaged.

57. An electrical system according to claim 56, wherein said first and / or second electrical components (la, lb) are electrical conductors.

58. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-57, wherein said first divergent portion (3) comprising a plurality of first planes (12a) and a plurality of second planes (13a) and wherein said second divergent portion (3) comprising a plurality of first planes (12b) and a plurality of second planes (13b) and wherein said mechanical engaging is facilitated by said plurality of first and said second planes (12a, 12b, 13a, 13b).

59. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-58, wherein said contact force (F) is applied from at least one bolt (10), configured for passing throughsaid first and second electrical conductors (la, lb), when a nut (11) is connected to a threaded part of said at least one bolt (10).

60. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-59, wherein said contact force (F) is distributed between said first conductor (la) and said second conductor (lb) in a first force component (Fl) via said plurality of first planes (12a) of said first divergent portion (3) and said plurality of first planes (12b) of said second divergent portion (3) and in a second force component (F2) via said plurality of second planes (13a) of said first divergent portion (3) to said plurality of second planes (13b) of said second divergent portion (3).

61. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-60, wherein said first force component (Fl) and said second force component (F2) are non-parallel with said contact force (F).

62. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-61, wherein an angle (ZA) defined between one of said plurality of first planes (12a) and one of said plurality of second planes (13a) is between 0° and 180°, preferably between 2° and 170°, most preferably between 5° and 150°.

63. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-62, wherein one of said plurality of first planes (12a) and one of said plurality of second planes (13a) are connected in a point (7).

64. An electrical system according to claim 63, wherein said point (7) is a third plane (6).

65. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 63-64, wherein said point (7) is a peak in a curved plane.

66. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 63-65, wherein one of said plurality of first planes (12a) and one of said plurality of second planes (13a) are connected by said third plane (6).

67. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 63-66, wherein said third plane (6) is parallel to the center axis (17) of the first conductor (la).

68. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-67, wherein said surface structure of said first divergent portion (3) is mirrored said surface structure of said second divergent portion (3)69. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-68, wherein said first planes (12a, 12b) and said second planes (13a, 13b) define surface structures with a geometry comprised by the list comprising: sphere, pyramid, truncated pyramid, cone, truncated cube and wedge.

70. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-69, wherein said angle (ZA) is located between a first outer edge (16a) and a second outer edge (16b) of said first conductor (la).

71. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-70, wherein one of said plurality of first planes (12a, 12b) meet at a first end meet with one of said plurality of second planes (13a, 13b) in said angle (ZA) and at said second end meet with a truncated plane (14).

72. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-71, wherein a plurality of ducts (20) is provided between said surface structure of said first divergent portion (3) of said first terminal part (4a) and said surface structure of said second divergent portion (3) of said second terminal part (4b) when said first and second termina parts (4a, 4b) are mechanically engaged.

73. An electrical system according to claim 72, wherein said a first of said plurality of ducts (20) are defined by: part of one of said plurality of first planes (12a) and part of one of said plurality of second planes (13a) of said first divergent portion (3) of said first terminal part (4a) and one of said truncated planes (14) of said second divergent portions of said second terminal part (4b), anda second of said plurality of ducts (20) are defined by part of one of said plurality of first planes (12b) and part of one of said plurality of second planes (13b) of said second divergent portion (3) of said second terminal part (4b) and one of said truncated planes (14) of said first divergent portion of said first terminal part (4a).

74. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-73, wherein said surface structures of said first and second divergent portions (3, 3) are circular centered around a bolt hole (5).

75. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-74, wherein said surface structure of said first divergent portion (3) of said first electrical conductor (la) and said surface structure of said second divergent portion (3) of said second electrical component (lb) are angled relative to a longitudinal axis (17) of said first electrical conductor (la).

76. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-75, wherein said first and second electrical conductors comprises threaded end parts.This is advantageous in that it has the effect, that in this way it is possible to screw the two conductors together.

77. An electrical system according to claim 76, wherein said first and second electrical conductors are connected via a connection piece comprising thread matching the thread of the threaded end parts.

78. An electrical system according to claim 77, wherein said connection piece is a T- piece.

79. An electrical system according to any of the previous claims 56-78, wherein said first and second electrical connectors are comprised inside an enclosure of an electric component.

80. An electrical system according to any one of the previous claims 56-79, comprising an electric component (la) according to any one of the claims 1-43.

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