Materials for organic light-emitting devices

Abstract

The present application relates to compounds represented by Formula (1), to processes for preparing such compounds, OLED materials containing such compounds, and to electronic devices comprising one or more such compounds, and to the use of such compounds in electronic devices, in particular organic light-emitting devices.

Description

[0001] Materials for organic light-emitting devices

[0002] Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to compounds represented by Formula (1), to processes for preparing such compounds, to electronic devices comprising one or more such compounds, and to the use of such compounds in electronic devices, in particular organic light-emitting devices.

[0004] Background of the Invention

[0005] Electronic devices in the context of this application are understood to mean what are called organic electronic devices, which comprise organic semiconductor materials as functional materials. More particularly, these are understood to mean OLEDs (organic electroluminescent devices). The term OLEDs is understood to mean electronic devices which have one or more layers comprising organic compounds and emit light on application of electrical voltage. The construction and general principle of function of OLEDs are known to those skilled in the art.

[0006] In electronic devices, especially OLEDs, there is great interest in an improvement in the performance data. In these aspects, it has not yet been possible to find any entirely satisfactory solution.

[0007] A great influence on the performance data of electronic devices is possessed by emission layers and layers having a hole-transporting function. Novel compounds are also being sought for use in these layers, especially hole-transporting compounds and compounds that can serve as hole-transporting matrix material, especially for phosphorescent emitters, in an emitting layer. For this purpose, there is a search especially for compounds that have a high glass transition temperature, high stability, and high conductivity for holes. A high stability of the compound is a prerequisite for achieving a long lifetime of the electronic device. There is moreover a need to find compounds whose use in electronic devices results in improvement of the performance data of the devices, especially in high efficiency, long lifetime and low operating voltage.

[0008] In the prior art, spiroalkyl derivative is known as hole-transporting materials and holetransporting matrix materials for electronic devices. However, there remains room for improvement in respect of the abovementioned properties. WO 16010746 A, CN111635384 B describe the diamine or polymer derivative with spirobiindene as a hole transport material.

[0009] WO22092837 A, WO23219399 A describe the diamine or polymer derivative with spirobiindene as a hole injection layer host material.

[0010] It has now been found that the spiroalkyl derivatives of the Formula below, which are characterized by a particular structure, are of excellent suitability for use in electronic devices. They are especially suitable for use in OLEDs, and even more particularly therein for use as hole transport materials and for use as hole-transporting matrix materials, especially for phosphorescent emitters. The compounds lead to high lifetime, high efficiency and low operating voltage of the devices. Further preferably, the compounds found have a high glass transition temperature, high thermal stability, low sublimation temperature, good solubility, good synthetic accessibility and high conductivity for holes.

[0011] Summary of the Invention

[0012] The present invention therefore first provides a compound represented by Formula (1):

[0013] Formula (1) where the groups and indices that occur are as follows:

[0014] R1stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, mono-substitution, disubstitution, tri-substitution, maximum possible substitution, or no substitution;

[0015] R1stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CHO, CN, C(=O)R3, P(=O)(R3)2, S(=O)R3, S(=O)2R3, NO2, Si(R3)3, B(OR3)2, OSO2R3, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R3, where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by R3C=CR3, C=C, Si(R3)2, Ge(R3)2, Sn(R3)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R3), SO, SO2, O, S or CONR3and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R3, or an aryloxy group having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R3, wherein two of radicals R1may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R3; R1does not include an amine group;

[0016] R2stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CHO, CN, C(=O)R4, P(=O)(R4)2, S(=O)R4, S(=O)2R4, NO2, Si(R4)3, B(OR4)2, OSO2R4, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4, where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2groups may be replaced by R4C=CR4, C=C, Si(R4)2, Ge(R4)2, Sn(R4)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R4), SO, SO2, O, S or CONR4and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R4, or an aryloxy group having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4, wherein two of radicals R2may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4;

[0017] Ar1and Ar2stand on each occurrence, identically or differently, for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may in each case also be substituted by one or more radicals R5, where two adjacent substituents Ar1and Ar2may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R5;

[0018] L is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a single bond, an aromatic having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R5; n is an integer selected from 0 to 3; E1, E2and E3are on each occurrence, identically or differently, selected from a single bond, Si(R5)2, O, S, NR5, and C(R5)2; e1 , e2 and e3 are on each occurrence, identically or differently, 0 or 1 ;

[0019] R3, R4and R5stand on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CHO, CN, C(=O)Ar, P(=O)(Ar)2, S(=O)Ar, S(=O)2Ar, NO2, Si(R')3, B(OR')2, OSO2R , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R', where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2groups may be replaced by R'C=CR', C=C, Si(R')2, Ge(R')2, Sn(R')2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R'), SO, SO2, O, S or CONR' and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R', or an aryloxy group having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R', where two of radicals R3, R4and R5may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R';

[0020] Ar stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms, which may in each case also be substituted by one or more radicals R';

[0021] R stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2groups may be replaced by SO, SO2, O, S and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br or I, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 ring atoms.

[0022] The invention further provides a process for preparing a compound represented by Formula (1) as described above or described in following preferece.

[0023] The invention further provides a formulation containing at least one compound represented by Formula (1) as described above or described in following preference and at least one solvent. The invention further provides an electronic device containing at least one compound represented by Formula (1) as described above or described in following preferece.

[0024] The invention further provides the use of a compound represented by Formula (1) as described above or described in following preferece in an electronic device.

[0025] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0026] "D" or "D-atom" in the context of this invention means deuterium.

[0027] The following definitions apply to the chemical groups used as general definitions. They apply insofar as no more specific definitions are given.

[0028] An aryl group in the context of this invention contains 6 to 60 ring atoms, preferably carbon atoms. A heteroaryl group in the context of this invention contains 5 to 60 ring atoms, where the ring atoms include carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum total of carbon atoms and heteroatoms adds up to at least 5. The heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and / or S. An aryl group or heteroaryl group is understood here to mean either a simple aromatic cycle, i.e. phenyl, derived from benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example derived from pyridine, pyrimidine or thiophene, or a fused aryl or heteroaryl group, for example derived from naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline or isoquinoline. An aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms is therefore preferably phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl or triphenylenyl, with no restriction in the attachment of the aryl group as substituent. The aryl or heteroaryl group in the context of this invention may bear one or more R radicals, where the substituent R is described below.

[0029] An aromatic ring system in the context of this invention contains 6 to 60 ring atoms in the ring system. The aromatic ring system also includes aryl groups as described above. An aromatic ring system having 6 to 18 carbon atoms is preferably selected from phenyl, fully deuterated phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl and triphenylenyl.

[0030] A heteroaromatic ring system in the context of this invention contains 5 to 60 ring atoms and at least one heteroatom. A preferred heteroaromatic ring system has 10 to 40 ring atoms and at least one heteroatom. The heteroaromatic ring system also includes heteroaryl groups as described above. The heteroatoms in the heteroaromatic ring system are preferably selected from N, O and / or S. An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in the context of this invention is understood to mean a system which does not necessarily contain only aryl or heteroaryl groups, but in which it is also possible for a plurality of aryl or heteroaryl groups to be interrupted by a nonaromatic unit (preferably less than 10% of the atoms other than H), for example a carbon, nitrogen or oxygen atom or a carbonyl group. For example, systems such as 9,9'- spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ethers, stilbene, etc. shall thus also be regarded as aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems in the context of this invention, and likewise systems in which two or more aryl groups are interrupted, for example, by a linear or cyclic alkyl group or by a silyl group. In addition, systems in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are bonded directly to one another, for example biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl or bipyridine, are likewise encompassed by the definition of the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system.

[0031] An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 ring atoms and may be joined to the aromatic or heteroaromatic system via any desired positions is understood to mean, for example, groups derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, benzophenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, benzofluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, terphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis- or trans-indenofluorene, cis- or trans- monobenzoindenofluorene, cis- or trans-dibenzoindenofluorene, truxene, isotruxene, spirotruxene, spiroisotruxene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, pyrrole, indole, isoindole, carbazole, indolocarbazole, indenocarbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, pyrazole, indazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthimidazole, phenanthrimidazole, pyridimidazole, pyrazinimidazole, quinoxalinimidazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, 1 ,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, benzothiazole, pyridazine, benzopyridazine, pyrimidine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, 1,5-diazaanthracene, 2,7- diazapyrene, 2,3-diazapyrene, 1 ,6-diazapyrene, 1 ,8-diazapyrene, 4,5-diazapyrene, 4,5,9, 10-tetraazaperylene, pyrazine, phenazine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, fluorubine, naphthyridine, azacarbazole, benzocarboline, phenanthroline, 1 ,2,3-triazole, 1 ,2,4- triazole, benzotriazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1 ,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4- oxadiazole, 1 ,2,3-thiadiazole, 1 ,2,4-thiadiazole, 1 ,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1 ,3,5- triazine, 1 ,2,4-triazine, 1 ,2,3-triazine, tetrazole, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, 1 , 2,3,5- tetrazine, purine, pteridine, indolizine and benzothiadiazole.

[0032] The abbreviation Ar at each instance is in each case independently an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms and may be substituted by one or more R' radicals or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 ring atoms and may be substituted by one or more R' radicals, where the details for the aromatic ring system or heteroaromatic ring system apply here correspondingly. The R’ radical or the R’ radicals has / have a definition as described above or described hereinafter. The abbreviation Ar at each instance is preferably in each case independently an aryl group which has 6 to 40 ring atoms and may be substituted by one or more R’ radicals, or a heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms and containing O or S as heteroatom, which may be substituted by one or more R’ radicals, where the details for the aryl group or heteroaryl group and R’ as described above or hereinafter are applicable correspondingly.

[0033] The abbreviation Ar1and Ar2are the same or different at each instance and are an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 ring atoms and may be substituted by one or more R5radicals, where the R5radical or the substituents R5has / have a definition as described above or hereinafter. Preferably, Ar1and Ar2are the same or different at each instance and are an aryl group having 6 to 40 ring atoms as described above.

[0034] A cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group in the context of this invention is understood to mean a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic group.

[0035] In the context of the present invention, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms is understood to mean, for example, the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl, n- hexyl, s-hexyl, t-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, neohexyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl, 2- methylpentyl, n-heptyl, 2-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 4-heptyl, cycloheptyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, n- octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, cyclooctyl, 1-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 2-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 2-(2,6- dimethyl)octyl, 3-(3,7-dimethyl)octyl, adamantyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-hex-1-yl, 1 , 1-dimethyl-n-hept-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-oct-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-dec-1-yl, 1 ,1-dimethyl-n-dodec-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-tetradec-1-yl, 1,1- dimethyl-n-hexadec-1-yl, 1 ,1-dimethyl-n-octadec-1-yl, 1 , 1-diethyl-n-hex-1-yl, 1 , 1-diethyl-n- hept-1-yl, 1 , 1-diethyl-n-oct-1-yl, 1 , 1-diethyl-n-dec-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-dodec-1-yl, 1,1- diethyl-n-tetradec-1-yl, 1 ,1-diethyl-n-hexadec-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-octadec-1-yl, 1-(n- propyl)cyclohex-1-yl, 1-(n-butyl)cyclohex-1-yl, 1-(n-hexyl)cyclohex-1-yl, 1-(n- octyl)cyclohex-1-yl and 1-(n-decyl)cyclohex-1-yl radicals.

[0036] A straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or branched alkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms is understood to mean, for example, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n- propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy or 2-methylbutoxy.

[0037] A straight-chain thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms is understood to mean, for example, S-alkyl groups, for example thiomethyl, 1-thioethyl, 1-thio-i-propyl, 1-thio-n- propyl, 1-thio-i-butyl, 1-thio-n-butyl or 1 -thio-t-butyl.

[0038] An aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 60 ring atoms means O-aryl or O-heteroaryl and means that the aryl or heteroaryl group is bonded via an oxygen atom, where the aryl or heteroaryl group is defined as described above.

[0039] An aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms means that an alkyl group as described above is substituted by an aryl group or heteroaryl group, where the aryl or heteroaryl group is defined as described above.

[0040] The wording that two or more radicals together may form a ring, in the context of the present description, shall be understood to mean, inter alia, that the two radicals are joined to one another by a chemical bond. This is illustrated by the following scheme:

[0041] In addition, however, the abovementioned wording shall also be understood to mean that, if one of the two radicals is hydrogen, the second radical binds to the position to which the hydrogen atom was bonded, forming a ring. This shall be illustrated by the following scheme: In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), compound represented by at least one of Formulae 1-1 to 1- 4, by at least one of Formulae 1-2 and 1-3 is preferred: wherein R1, R2, Ar1, Ar2, L, n, E1, E2, E3, e1 , e2 and e3 have the definition given above or given hereinafter.

[0042] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), the compound represented by Formula (1) is a mono-amine compound which provides high thermal stability. Therefore, devices including this compound exhibit an extended lifetime.

[0043] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), R1does not include an amine group. As R1is does not include an amine group, the compound represented by Formula (1) is a mono-amine compound with high thermal stability. Therefore, devices including this compound exhibit an extended lifetime.

[0044] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), R1stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H or D.

[0045] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), R2stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, a straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 40 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4, where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by R4C=CR4, C=C, Si(R4)2, Ge(R4)2, Sn(R4)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R4), SO, SO2, O, S or CONR4and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, wherein two of radicals R2may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4. Preferably, R2stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, More preferably, R2stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D or methyl or ethyl group, where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D.

[0046] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), L is selected, identically or differently at each occurrence, from a single bond; and a divalent groups derived from benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorene and 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, carbazole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, quinoline, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, and triazine, where each of which may be substituted by one or more R5radicals; R5has the definition given above or given hereinafter. Preferably, L is selected, identically or differently at each occurrence, from a single bond and a divalent groups derived from benzene, where each of which may be substituted by one or more R5radicals. In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), L1and L2at each instance are each independently a single bond; or represented by one of Formulae ArL-1 to ArL-96; preferrably, a single bond; or represented by one of Formulae ArL-1 to ArL-3 and ArL-79:

[0047] in Formulae ArL-1 to ArL-96, the dashed lines are attachments to the corresponding residue of Formula (1); each of Formulae ArL-1 to ArL-96 may be substituted by R5, and preferably have only H in the positions shown as unsubstituted, or partly or fully D instead of H in the positions shown as unsubstituted; R5has the definition given above or given hereinafter; wherein two of radicals R5may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R’; and R’ has the definition given above or given hereinafter.

[0048] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), wherein that the moiety represented in formula (1) is represented by one of formulae 2-1 to 2-4:

[0049] R5stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, one of mono-substitution to maximum possible substitution, or no substitution;

[0050] Ar1, Ar2, E2, e2 and R5have the definition given above or given hereinafter.

[0051] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), wherein that Ar1and Ar2stand on each occurrence, identically or differently, for benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, in particular 9, 9'-dimethylfluorene or 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, spiroxanthene, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, carbazole, benzofuran, benzonaphthofuran, benzothiophene or indole, which may in each case also be substituted by one or more radicals R5, where two adjacent substituents Ar1and Ar2may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R5; R5has the definition given above or given hereinafter. Preferably, Ar1and Ar2stand on each occurrence, identically or differently, for benzene, biphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, in particular 9, 9'-dimethylfluorene or 9,9'- diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, dibenzofuran, spiroxanthene or benzonaphthofuran, which may in each case also be substituted by one or more radicals R5.

[0052] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), Ar1and Ar2are selected, identically or differently at each occurrence, from groups of the following Formulae Ar1-1 to Ar1-282: where the dotted line represents the bond to the nitrogen atom and where the groups at the positions shown as unsubstituted may be substituted by R5radicals, and preferably have only H in the positions shown as unsubstituted, or partly or fully D instead of H in the positions shown as unsubstituted. In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), that Ar1and Ar2are either identical or different from one another. Preferably, Ar1and Ar2are different from one another.

[0053] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), R3, R4and R5stand on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R', where in one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R', where two of radicals R3, R4and R6may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R'.

[0054] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), wherein that e2 is 0; or e2 is 1 and E2is a single bond, C(R5)2 or Si(R5)2, R5has the definition given above or given hereinafter.

[0055] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), wherein that the compound represented by Formula 3:

[0056] Formula 3 wherein R2’ is H or D;

[0057] R1, R2, Ar1, Ar2, L, n, E1, E2, E3, e1 , e2 and e3 have the definition given above or given hereinafter. In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), wherein the compound represented by Formula (1) comprises at least one deuterium.

[0058] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), wherein the compound may be partly or fully substituted by deuterium.

[0059] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), wherein the compound satisfies at least one of Conditions 1- 1 to 1-5: cCondition 1-1>

[0060] At least one of R1comprises at least one of deuterium cCondition 1-2>

[0061] At least one of R2comprises at least one of deuterium cCondition 1-3>

[0062] L comprises at least one of deuterium cCondition 1-4>

[0063] Ar1comprises at least one of deuterium cCondition 1-5>

[0064] Ar2comprises at least one of deuterium.

[0065] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), wherein the compound satisfies at least one of Conditions 2- 1 to 2-5: cCondition 2-1 > at least one of R1is deuterium cCondition 2-2> at least one of R2is deuterium cCondition 2-3> at least one of R3is deuterium cCondition 2-4> at least one of R4is deuterium cCondition 2-5> at least one of R5is deuterium.

[0066] In one embodiment of the compound represented by Formula (1) or preferred embodiments of the hole-transfering material comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1), wherein the compound satisfies at least one of Conditions 3- 1 to 3-5: cCondition 3-1 > all R1is deuterium cCondition 3-2> all R2is deuterium cCondition 3-3> all R3is deuterium cCondition 3-4> all R4is deuterium cCondition 3-5> all R5is deuterium.

[0067] The following compounds are examples of compounds represented by Formula (1):

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] The compounds according to formula (1) may be prepared by synthesis methods such as oxidation, nucleophilic addition / substitution reaction, Buchwald coupling and Suzuki coupling. The skilled person is aware of several possible synthetic routes, based on his general knowledge of organic synthetic chemistry. The present application thus provides a process for preparing a compound according to the present application, characterized in that 1) building up carbonyl compound, by oxidation, 2) introduction of substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, by nucleophilic addition, 3) cyclization, 4) introduction of a secondary amine by Buchwald reaction, or 5) in the case of an aryl linker, introduction of the amine with the linker by Suzuki reaction.

[0071] The above-mentioned synthetic scheme is illustrated in the following:

[0072] Scheme 1

[0073] Scheme 3 where the first step is in the first line, and the second step is in the second line ,and where the variable groups are defined as follows:

[0074] R1, Ar1and Ar2have the definition given above or given hereinafter.

[0075] In one embodiment, a process for preparing a compound represented by Formula (1), characterized in that a fluorenyl compound which carries at least one reactive group is either a) reacted in a Buchwald reaction with a secondary amine , or b) is reacted in a Suzuki reaction with a boronic acid-substituted tertiary amine, or c) in a sequence of first i) Suzuki reaction with a boronic acid-substituted and halogen-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic compound, and then ii) Buchwald reaction of the resulting intermediate with a secondary amine.

[0076] By following these procedures, if necessary, by purification, such as re-crystallization or sublimation, the compounds represented by Formula (1) can be obtained in high purity, preferably more than 99.9% (determined by1H NMR and / or HPLC).

[0077] For the processing of the compounds of the invention from a liquid phase, for example by spin-coating or by printing methods, formulations of the compounds of the invention are required. These formulations may, for example, be solutions, dispersions or emulsions. For this purpose, it may be preferable to use mixtures of two or more solvents. Suitable and preferred solvents are, for example, toluene, anisole, o-, m- or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetralin, veratrole, THF, methyl-THF, THP, chlorobenzene, dioxane, phenoxytoluene, especially 3-phenoxytoluene, (-)-fenchone, 1 ,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene,

[0078] 1.2.4.5-tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2- phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidinone, 3-methylanisole, 4-methylanisole, 3,4-dimethylanisole,

[0079] 3.5-dimethylanisole, acetophenone, alpha-terpineol, benzothiazole, butyl benzoate, cumene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, decalin, dodecylbenzene, ethyl benzoate, indane, methyl benzoate, NMP, p-cymene, phenetole, 1 ,4- diisopropylbenzene, dibenzyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 2-isopropylnaphthalene, pentylbenzene, hexylbenzene, heptylbenzene, octylbenzene, 1 ,1-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane, or mixtures of these solvents.

[0080] The present invention likewise further provides a formulation, especially a solution, dispersion or emulsion, comprising at least one compound of the invention, as described above, or a mixture of the invention, as described above, and at least one solvent, preferably an organic solvent. The way in which such solutions can be prepared is known to those skilled in the art.

[0081] The compound represented by Formula (1) is suitable for use in an electronic device, especially an organic electroluminescent device (OLED). Depending on the substitution, the compound represented by Formula (1) can be used in different functions and layers. Preference is given to use as a hole-transporting material in a hole-transporting layer and / or as matrix material in an emitting layer, more preferably in combination with a phosphorescent emitter.

[0082] The invention therefore further provides for the use of a compound represented by Formula (1) in an electronic device. This electronic device is preferably selected from the group consisting of organic integrated circuits (OlCs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs), organic solar cells (OSCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field-quench devices (OFQDs), organic light-emitting electrochemical cells (OLECs), organic laser diodes (O-lasers) and more preferably organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs).

[0083] The invention further provides an electronic device comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1). This electronic device is preferably selected from the abovementioned devices.

[0084] Particular preference is given to an organic electroluminescent device comprising anode, cathode and at least one emitting layer, characterized in that at least one organic layer comprising at least one compound represented by Formula (1) is present in the device. Preference is given to an organic electroluminescent device comprising anode, cathode and at least one emitting layer, characterized in that at least one organic layer in the device, selected from hole-transporting and emitting layers, comprises at least one compound represented by Formula (1).

[0085] A hole-transporting layer is understood here to mean all layers disposed between anode and emitting layer, preferably hole injection layer, hole transport layer and electron blocker layer. A hole injection layer is understood here to mean a layer that directly adjoins the anode. A hole transport layer is understood here to mean a layer which is between the anode and emitting layer but does not directly adjoin the anode, and preferably does not directly adjoin the emitting layer either. An electron blocker layer is understood here to mean a layer which is between the anode and emitting layer and directly adjoins the emitting layer. An electron blocker layer preferably has a high-energy LUMO and hence prevents electrons from exiting from the emitting layer.

[0086] Apart from the cathode, anode and emitting layer, the electronic device may comprise further layers. These are selected, for example, from in each case one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocker layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, electron blocker layers, exciton blocker layers, interlayers, charge generation layers and / or organic or inorganic p / n junctions. However, it should be pointed out that not every one of these layers need necessarily be present and the choice of layers always depends on the compounds used and especially also on whether the device is a fluorescent or phosphorescent electroluminescent device.

[0087] The sequence of layers in the electronic device is preferably as follows: -anode-

[0088] -hole injection layer-

[0089] -hole transport layer-

[0090] -optionally further hole transport layers-

[0091] -emitting layer-

[0092] -optionally hole blocker layer-

[0093] -electron transport layer-

[0094] -electron injection layer-

[0095] -cathode-.

[0096] At the same time, it should be pointed out again that not all the layers mentioned need be present and / or that further layers may additionally be present.

[0097] The organic electroluminescent device of the invention may contain two or more emitting layers. More preferably, these emission layers have several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm overall, such that the overall result is white emission; in other words, various emitting compounds which may fluoresce or phosphoresce and which emit blue, green, yellow, orange or red light are used in the emitting layers. Especially preferred are three-layer systems, i.e. systems having three emitting layers, wherein one of the three layers in each case shows blue emission, one of the three layers in each case shows green emission, and one of the three layers in each case shows orange or red emission. The compounds of the invention here are preferably present in a hole-transporting layer or in the emitting layer. It should be noted that, for the production of white light, rather than a plurality of colour-emitting emitter compounds, an emitter compound used individually which emits over a broad wavelength range may also be suitable.

[0098] It is preferable that the compound represented by Formula (1) is used as hole transport material. The emitting layer here may be a fluorescent emitting layer, or it may be a phosphorescent emitting layer. The emitting layer is preferably a blue-fluorescing layer or a green-phosphorescing layer.

[0099] When the device containing the compound represented by Formula (1) contains a phosphorescent emitting layer, it is preferable that this layer contains two or more, preferably exactly two, different matrix materials (mixed matrix system). Preferred embodiments of mixed matrix systems are described in detail further down.

[0100] If the compound represented by Formula (1) is used as hole transport material in a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer or an electron blocker layer, the compound can be used as pure material, i.e. in a proportion of 100%, in the hole transport layer, or it can be used in combination with one or more further compounds.

[0101] In a preferred embodiment, a hole-transporting layer comprising the compound represented by Formula (1) additionally comprises one or more further hole-transporting compounds. These further hole-transporting compounds are preferably selected from triarylamine compounds, more preferably from monotriarylamine compounds. They are most preferably selected from the preferred embodiments of hole transport materials that are specified further down. In the preferred embodiment described, the compound represented by Formula (1) and the one or more further hole-transporting compounds are preferably each present in a proportion of at least 10%, more preferably each in a proportion of at least 20%. In a preferred embodiment, a hole-transporting layer comprising the compound represented by Formula (1) additionally contains one or more p-dopants. P-dopants used according to the present invention are preferably those organic electron acceptor compounds capable of oxidizing one or more of the other compounds in the mixture.

[0102] Particularly preferred as p-dopants are quinodimethane compounds, azaindenofluorenediones, azaphenalenes, azatriphenylenes, I2, metal halides, preferably transition metal halides, metal oxides, preferably metal oxides comprising at least one transition metal or a metal from main group 3, and transition metal complexes, preferably complexes of Cu, Co, Ni, Pd and Pt with ligands containing at least one oxygen atom as binding site. Preference is further given to transition metal oxides as dopants, preferably oxides of rhenium, molybdenum and tungsten, more preferably Re2O?, MoOa, WO3 and ReOs. Still further preference is given to complexes of bismuth in the (III) oxidation state, more particularly bismuth(lll) complexes with electron-deficient ligands, more particularly carboxylate ligands.

[0103] The p-dopants are preferably in substantially homogeneous distribution in the p-doped layers. This can be achieved, for example, by co-evaporation of the p-dopant and the hole transport material matrix. The p-dopant is preferably present in a proportion of 1 % to 10% in the p-doped layer.

[0104] Preferred p-dopants are furthermore the compounds which are explicitly disclosed in the table on p. 86-87 of WO2021 / 156323A1 .

[0105] In a preferred embodiment, a hole injection layer that conforms to one of the following embodiments is present in the device: a) it contains a triarylamine and a p-dopant; or b) it contains a single electron-deficient material (electron acceptor). In a preferred embodiment of embodiment a), the triarylamine is a monotriarylamine, especially one of the preferred triarylamine derivatives mentioned further down. In a preferred embodiment of embodiment b), the electron-deficient material is a hexaazatriphenylene derivative as described in US 2007 / 0092755.

[0106] The compound represented by Formula (1) may be present in a hole injection layer, in a hole transport layer and / or in an electron blocker layer of the device. When the compound is present in a hole injection layer or in a hole transport layer, it has preferably been p- doped, meaning that it is in mixed form with a p-dopant, as described above, in the layer. The compound represented by Formula (1) is preferably present in an electron blocker layer. In this case, it is preferably not p-doped. Further preferably, in this case, it is preferably in the form of a single compound in the layer without addition of a further compound.

[0107] In an alternative preferred embodiment, the compound represented by Formula (1) is used in an emitting layer as matrix material in combination with one or more emitting compounds, preferably phosphorescent emitting compounds. The phosphorescent emitting compounds here are preferably selected from red-phosphorescing and greenphosphorescing compounds.

[0108] The proportion of the matrix material in the emitting layer in this case is between 50.0% and 99.9% by volume, preferably between 80.0% and 99.5% by volume, and more preferably between 85.0% and 97.0% by volume.

[0109] Correspondingly, the proportion of the emitting compound is between 0.1% and 50.0% by volume, preferably between 0.5% and 20.0% by volume, and more preferably between 3.0% and 15.0% by volume.

[0110] An emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent device may also contain systems comprising a plurality of matrix materials (mixed matrix systems) and / or a plurality of emitting compounds. In this case too, the emitting compounds are generally those compounds having the smaller proportion in the system and the matrix materials are those compounds having the greater proportion in the system. In individual cases, however, the proportion of a single matrix material in the system may be less than the proportion of a single emitting compound.

[0111] It is preferable that the compounds represented by Formula (1) are used as a component of mixed matrix systems, preferably for phosphorescent emitters. The mixed matrix systems preferably comprise two or three different matrix materials, more preferably two different matrix materials. Preferably, in this case, one of the two materials is a material having hole-transporting properties and the other material is a material having electrontransporting properties. It is further preferable when one of the materials is selected from compounds having a large energy differential between HOMO and LUMO (wide-bandgap materials). The compound represented by Formula (1) in a mixed matrix system is preferably the matrix material having hole-transporting properties. Correspondingly, when the compound represented by Formula (1) is used as matrix material for a phosphorescent emitter in the emitting layer of an OLED, a second matrix compound having electron-transporting properties is present in the emitting layer. The two different matrix materials may be present here in a ratio of 1 :50 to 1 :1 , preferably 1 :20 to 1 :1 , more preferably 1 : 10 to 1 :1 and most preferably 1 :4 to 1 :1.

[0112] The desired electron-transporting and hole-transporting properties of the mixed matrix components may, however, also be combined mainly or entirely in a single mixed matrix component, in which case the further mixed matrix component(s) fulfil(s) other functions.

[0113] Preference is given to using the following material classes in the abovementioned layers of the device:

[0114] Phosphorescent emitters:

[0115] The term "phosphorescent emitters" typically encompasses compounds where the emission of light is effected through a spin-forbidden transition, for example a transition from an excited triplet state or a state having a higher spin quantum number, for example a quintet state.

[0116] Suitable phosphorescent emitters are especially compounds which, when suitably excited, emit light, preferably in the visible region, and also contain at least one atom of atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater than 38, and less than 84, more preferably greater than 56 and less than 80. Preference is given to using, as phosphorescent emitters, compounds containing copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium, especially compounds containing iridium, platinum or copper.

[0117] In the context of the present invention, all luminescent iridium, platinum or copper complexes are considered to be phosphorescent compounds.

[0118] In general, all phosphorescent complexes as used for phosphorescent OLEDs according to the prior art and as known to those skilled in the art in the field of organic electroluminescent devices are suitable for use in the devices of the invention. Further examples of suitable phosphorescent emitters are those shown in the table on p.100-104 of WO2023 / 025971A2.

[0119] Fluorescent emitters: Preferred fluorescent emitting compounds are selected from the class of the arylamines. An arylamine or an aromatic amine in the context of this invention is understood to mean a compound containing three substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems bonded directly to the nitrogen. Preferably, at least one of these aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems is a fused ring system, more preferably having at least 14 ring atoms. Preferred examples of these are aromatic anthraceneamines, aromatic anthracenediamines, aromatic pyreneamines, aromatic pyrenediamines, aromatic chryseneamines or aromatic chrysenediamines. An aromatic anthraceneamine is understood to mean a compound in which a diarylamino group is bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9 position. An aromatic anthracenediamine is understood to mean a compound in which two diarylamino groups are bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9,10 position. Aromatic pyreneamines, pyrenediamines, chryseneamines and chrysenediamines are defined analogously, where the diarylamino groups are bonded to the pyrene preferably in the 1 position or 1 ,6 position. Further preferred emitting compounds are indenofluoreneamines or -diamines, benzoindenofluoreneamines or -diamines, and dibenzoindenofluoreneamines or - diamines, and indenofluorene derivatives having fused aryl groups. Likewise preferred are pyrenearylamines. Likewise preferred are benzoindenofluoreneamines, benzofluoreneamines, extended benzoindenofluorenes, phenoxazines, and fluorene derivatives joined to furan units or to thiophene units.

[0120] Matrix materials for fluorescent emitters:

[0121] Preferred matrix materials for fluorescent emitters are selected from the classes of the oligoarylenes (e.g. 2,2’,7,7’-tetraphenylspirobifluorene), especially the oligoarylenes containing fused aromatic groups, the oligoarylenevinylenes, the polypodal metal complexes, the hole-conducting compounds, the electron-conducting compounds, especially ketones, phosphine oxides and sulfoxides; the atropisomers, the boronic acid derivatives or the benzanthracenes. Particularly preferred matrix materials are selected from the classes of the oligoarylenes comprising naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene and / or pyrene or atropisomers of these compounds, the oligoarylenevinylenes, the ketones, the phosphine oxides and the sulfoxides. Very particularly preferred matrix materials are selected from the classes of the oligoarylenes comprising anthracene, benzanthracene, benzophenanthrene and / or pyrene or atropisomers of these compounds. An oligoarylene in the context of this invention shall be understood to mean a compound in which at least three aryl or arylene groups are bonded to one another.

[0122] Matrix materials for phosphorescent emitters:

[0123] Preferred matrix materials for phosphorescent emitters are, as well as the compounds represented by Formula (1), aromatic ketones, aromatic phosphine oxides or aromatic sulfoxides or sulfones, triarylamines, carbazole derivatives, e.g. CBP (N,N- biscarbazolylbiphenyl) or carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, indenocarbazole derivatives, azacarbazole derivatives, bipolar matrix materials, silanes, azaboroles or boronic esters, triazine derivatives, zinc complexes, diazasilole or tetraazasilole derivatives, diazaphosphole derivatives, bridged carbazole derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, or lactams.

[0124] Electron-transporting materials:

[0125] Suitable electron-transporting materials are, for example, the compounds disclosed in Y. Shirota et al., Chem. Rev. 2007, 107(4), 953-1010, or other materials used in these layers according to the prior art.

[0126] Materials used for the electron transport layer may be any materials that are used as electron transport materials in the electron transport layer according to the prior art. Especially suitable are aluminium complexes, for example Alqs, zirconium complexes, for example Zrq4, lithium complexes, for example Liq, benzimidazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, aromatic ketones, lactams, boranes, diazaphosphole derivatives and phosphine oxide derivatives.

[0127] Preferred electron transport and electron injection materials are those shown in the table on p. 73-75 of W02020 / 109434A1.

[0128] Hole-transporting materials:

[0129] Further compounds which, in addition to the compounds of the formula (1), are preferably used in hole-transporting layers of the OLEDs of the invention are indenofluoreneamine derivatives, amine derivatives, hexaazatriphenylene derivatives, amine derivatives with fused aromatic systems, monobenzoindenofluoreneamines, dibenzoindenofluoreneamines, spirobifluoreneamines, fluoreneamines, spirodibenzopyranamines, dihydroacridine derivatives, spirodibenzofurans and spirodibenzothiophenes, phenanthrenediarylamines, spirotribenzotropolones, spirobifluorenes having meta-phenyldiamine groups, spirobisacridines, xanthenediarylamines, and 9,10-dihydroanthracene spiro compounds having diarylamino groups. Preferred hole-transporting compounds are those shown the table on p. 76-80 of W02020 / 109434A1.

[0130] Preferred cathodes of the electronic device are metals having a low work function, metal alloys or multilayer structures composed of various metals, for example alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, main group metals or lanthanoids (e.g. Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, etc.). Additionally suitable are alloys composed of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and silver, for example an alloy composed of magnesium and silver. In the case of multilayer structures, in addition to the metals mentioned, it is also possible to use further metals having a relatively high work function, for example Ag or Al, in which case combinations of the metals such as Ca / Ag, Mg / Ag or Ba / Ag, for example, are generally used. It may also be preferable to introduce a thin interlayer of a material having a high dielectric constant between a metallic cathode and the organic semiconductor. Examples of useful materials for this purpose are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal fluorides, but also the corresponding oxides or carbonates (e.g. LiF, U2O, BaF2, MgO, NaF, CsF, CS2CO3, etc.). It is also possible to use lithium quinolinate (LiQ) for this purpose. The layer thickness of this layer is preferably between 0.5 and 5 nm.

[0131] Preferred anodes are materials having a high work function. Preferably, the anode has a work function of greater than 4.5 eV versus vacuum. Firstly, metals having a high redox potential are suitable for this purpose, for example Ag, Pt or Au. Secondly, metal / metal oxide electrodes (e.g. Al / N i / N iOx, AI / PtOx) may also be preferred. For some applications, at least one of the electrodes has to be transparent or partly transparent in order to enable either the irradiation of the organic material (organic solar cell) or the emission of light (OLED, O-LASER). Preferred anode materials here are conductive mixed metal oxides. Particular preference is given to indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). Preference is further given to conductive doped organic materials, especially conductive doped polymers. In addition, the anode may also consist of two or more layers, for example of an inner layer of ITO and an outer layer of a metal oxide, preferably tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide or vanadium oxide. In a preferred embodiment, the electronic device is characterized in that one or more layers are coated by a sublimation process. In this case, the materials are applied by vapour deposition in vacuum sublimation systems at an initial pressure of less than 10'5mbar, preferably less than 10'6mbar. In this case, however, it is also possible that the initial pressure is even lower, for example less than 10'7mbar.

[0132] Preference is likewise given to an electronic device, characterized in that one or more layers are coated by the OVPD (organic vapour phase deposition) method or with the aid of a carrier gas sublimation. In this case, the materials are applied at a pressure between KT5mbar and 1 bar. A special case of this method is the OVJP (organic vapour jet printing) method, in which the materials are applied directly by a nozzle and thus structured (for example M. S. Arnold et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 053301).

[0133] Preference is additionally given to an electronic device, characterized in that one or more layers are produced from solution, for example by spin-coating, or by any printing method, for example screen printing, flexographic printing, nozzle printing or offset printing, but more preferably LITI (light-induced thermal imaging, thermal transfer printing) or inkjet printing. For this purpose, soluble compounds of formula (1) are needed. High solubility can be achieved by suitable substitution of the compounds.

[0134] It is further preferable that an electronic device of the invention is produced by applying one or more layers from solution and one or more layers by a sublimation method.

[0135] After application of the layers, according to the use, the device is structured, contact- connected and finally sealed, in order to rule out damaging effects of water and air.

[0136] According to the invention, the electronic devices comprising one or more compounds of formula (1) can be used in displays, as light sources in lighting applications and as light sources in medical and / or cosmetic applications.

[0137] Examples

[0138] A) Synthesis examples a) 6'-Hydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[inden]-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate ,

[0139] [65192-06-5]

[0140] In a 3-L round-bottom flask reactor, 3,3,3',3'-Tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'- spirobi[indene]-6,6'-diol (20.0 g, 64.8 mmol) and toluene (400 mL) are heat under N2 atmosphere to 100-110 °C . At the same temperature, added slowly nBuLi (2.5 M in hexanes) (31.1 mL, 78 mmol, 1.2 eq) diluted with toluene (100 mL) over a period of 5-10 min. and stirred at 100 °C for 2 hours. Added slowly Tf2O (12.1 mL, 71.3 mmol, 1.1 eq) over a period of 10 min. and stirred at 100 °C for 2 hours. After full conversion the reaction cool to RT and added H2O (200 mL) and EtOAc (200 mL), extraction is conducted with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer is separated, concentrated in a vacuum. The organic layer was separated and further washed with water (2x100 mL), dried (MgSC>4) and the solvent removed in vacuo to give a gum. Purification by column chromatography (SiC>2; 1 :1 ethyl acetate / cyclohexane). Yielded the title compound as light brown oil (16.43 g, 37 mmol, 58 %).

[0141] Following compounds can be obtained in analogous manner and similar yields: b) 3,3,3',3'-Tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[inden]-6-ol Pd(PPh3)2CI2(0.05 eq)

[0142] 90 °C, 2h

[0143] In a 1-L round-bottom flask reactor, Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (2.72 g, 3.9 mmol), dppp (1.60 g, 3.9 mmol), 6'-Hydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[inden]-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (34.2 g, 78 mmol), TEA (130 mL, 932 mmol) and DMF (400 mL) are heat under N2 atmosphere to 90-100 °C . After full conversion the reaction cool to RT and added HCI (1M) (342 mL) and EtOAc (342 mL). The organic layer is separated, concentrated in a vacuum. The organic layer is separated, concentrated in a vacuum. The organic layer was separated and further washed with water (2x100 mL), dried (MgSC>4) and the solvent removed in vacuo to give a gum. Purification by column chromatography (SiC>2; 1 :1 ethyl acetate / cyclohexane). Yielded the title compound as white solid (20 g, 68 mmol, 90 %).

[0144] Following compounds can be obtained in analogous manner and similar yields: c) 6-lodo-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[indene] l (10 mol%)

[0145] 3,3,3',3'-Tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[inden]-6-ol (5.8 g, 20 mmol), Nal (11.9 g, 80 mmol), LiF (0.5 g, 20 mmol) and iodine (0.5g, 2 mmol) were added into 20 mL of acetonitrile in an airtight quartz tube (2000 mL), which was then evacuated by four freeze-pump-thaw cycles and back-filled with ultrapurified argon prior to use. The reaction was stirred at room temperature (ca 25 °C) under UV irradiation (254 nm) at an intensity of 4.0 mWcnr2by using a standard LZC-4V photoreactor from Luzchem company for 24 h. cooled to room temperature, the resulting solution was concentrated via rotary evaporation, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to provide the product. Yielded the title compound as white solid (4.1 g, 10 mmol, 52 %).

[0146] Following compounds can be obtained in analogous manner and similar yields: d) 5-Chloro-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[inden]-6-ol

[0147] 3,3,3',3'-Tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[inden]-6-ol (23.9 g, 82 mmol) In a 0,5-L round-bottom flask reactor, 3,3,3',3'-Tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1 '- spirobi[inden]-6-ol (23.9 g, 82 mmol) and THF (240 mL) are heat under N2 atmosphere to 50 °C. At the same temperature, NCS (10.9 g, 82 mmol, 1.0 eq) added to the reaction solution and stirred for 2 hours at 50-55 °C. After full conversion the reaction cool to RT and added HCI (1 M) (167 mL) and EtOAc (167 mL). The organic layer is separated, concentrated in a vacuum. The organic layer is separated, concentrated in a vacuum. The organic layer was separated and further washed with water (2x50mL), dried (MgSC>4) and the solvent removed in vacuo to give a gum. Purification by column chromatography (SiC>2; 1 :1 ethyl acetate / cyclohexane). Yielded the title compound as white solid (18,6 g, 57 mmol, 70 %). e) 5-Chloro-3,3,3,,3,-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3,-tetrahydro-1,T-spirobi[inden]-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate

[0148] 5-Chloro-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1 '-spirobi[inden]-6-ol (18.6 g, 56.8 mmol, 1.0 eq) , DCM(185 mL) and TEA(15.9 mL, 114 mmol, 2.0 eq) into a 0.5 roundbottom flask reactor under N2 atmosphere cooled to 0 °C with an ice / water bath. Added Slowly add Tf2O (19.2 mL, 114 mmol, 2.0 eq) and the mixture was stirred for two hours at room temperature then water (190 mL) was added. The organic layer is separated, concentrated in a vacuum. The organic layer was separated and further washed with water (2x50ml), dried (MgSO4) and the solvent removed in vacuo to give a gum.

[0149] Purification by column chromatography (SiC>2; 1 :1 ethyl acetate / cyclohexane). Yielded the title compound as white solid (23 g, 50 mmol, 92 %).

[0150] Following compounds can be obtained in analogous manner and similar yields: f) 5-Chloro-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[indene]

[0151] Pd(PPh ) CI (0 05 eq)

[0152] Under N2 atmosphere, Pd(PPh3)2CI2 (1.80 g, 2.57 mmol, 0.05 equivalent) and dppp (1.06 g, 2.57 mmol, 0.05 equivalent) are added to a 0.5 I round-bottom flask reactor. A solution of 5-Chloro-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,T-spirobi[inden]-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (23.6 g, 51.3 mmol, 1.0 eq) and DMF (236 mL) is added then added TEA (62 mL, 616 mmol, 12 eq.) and then formic acid is then added (15.8 ml, 411 mmol, 8 eq.) and stirred for 2 hours at 90-100 °C. Cool to RT and concentrate to dryness under vacuum (P < 10 mbar, T = 40 °C) then water (240 mL) was added. The organic layer is separated, concentrated in a vacuum. The organic layer was separated and further washed with water (2x50ml), dried (MgSC ) and the solvent removed in vacuo to give a gum. Purification by column chromatography (SiC>2; 1 :1 ethyl acetate / cyclohexane). Yielded the title compound as white solid (8.2 g, 26 mmol, 51 %). g) 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1,T- spirobi[inden]-5-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

[0153] B2pin2(1 .2 eq) Pd2bda3(0.1 eq) XPhos (0.2 eq) KO Ac (3.0 q)

[0154] Dioxane reflux, on

[0155] To a solution of of 5-Chloro-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[indene] (8.41 g, 27.1 mmol, 1 .0 eq) and anhxdrous dioxane(84 ml) under N2 atmosphere was added B2pin2 (8.24 g, 32.5 mmol, 1.2 eq), Xphos (2.58 g, 5.41 mmol, 0.2 eq), Pd2dba3 (2.48 g, 2.71 mmol) and KOAc (7.97 g, 81 mmol, 3.0 eq) are heat the mixture at reflux for 2h. cooled to room temperature, added H2O (84 mL) and EtOAc (84 mL). The organic layer was separated and further washed with water (2x50ml), dried (MgSC ) and the solvent removed in vacuo to give a gum. Purification by column chromatography (SiC>2; 1 :1 ethyl acetate / cyclohexane). Yielded the title compound as white solid (8.16 g, 20 mmol, 75 %). h) 5-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1,1 ’-spirobi[indene]

[0156] 1 2 eq

[0157] 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[inden]-5-yl)- 1 ,3,2-dioxaborolane (7,4 g, 27.1 mmol, 1.0 eq), K3PO4 (111.5 g, 54.1 mmol, 2.0 eq) and PddppfCh' DCM (1.11 g, 1 .35 mmol, 0.05 eq) are dissolved under N2 atmosphere in dioxane (76 mL) 1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene (4.8 mL, 40.6 mmol, 1.5 eq) and H2O (32 mL) and stirred the mixture at reflux for 2h. The mixture is cooled to room temperature diluted with H2O (109 mL) and EtOAc (109 mL). The organic phase is collected, the aqueous phase is extracted further with toluene. The combined organics are washed with brine, collected, dried with Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue is deposited in 1 L EtOH and stirred vigorously until a free-flowing precipitate is formed. The precipitate is collected by filtration and washing with EtOH. The material is taken up in DCM and filtered through Si02 (toluene / heptane 1 :1). Yielded the title compound as white solid (6.3 g, 17.5 mmol, 61 %). i) 6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3,3,3',3,-tetramethyl-2,2,,3,3,-tetrahydro-1,T-spirobi[indene] refl.

[0158] 3,3,3',3'-Tetramethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[inden]-6-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate , 3-chlorophenylboronic acid (5.01 g, 32.0 mmol, 1.2 eq), K3PO4 (17.0 g, 80 mmol, 3.0 eq), and Pd(PPha)4 (1.54 g, 1.33 mmol, 0.05 eq) are dissolved under N2 atmosphere in dioxane (130 mL) and stirred the mixture at reflux for 8h. The mixture is cooled to room temperature diluted with H2O (130mL) and EtOAc (65mL). The organic phase is collected, the aqueous phase is extracted further with toluene. The combined organics are washed with brine, collected, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue is deposited in 1 L EtOH and stirred vigorously until a free-flowing precipitate is formed. The precipitate is collected by filtration and washing with EtOH. The material is taken up in DCM and filtered through Si02 (toluene / heptane 1 :1). Yielded the title compound as white solid (7,1 g, 18,6 mmol, 68 %). j) N-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(3-(3,3,3,,3,-tetramethyl-2,2,,3,3'- tetrahydro-1,1'-spirobi[inden]-6-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine

[0159] 897671-69-1

[0160] In a 100-ml round-bottom flask under argon atmosphere, a mixture of N-([1 , 1 '-biphenyl]-4- yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (2.14 g, 5.92 mmol, 1.0 eq), ), NaOfBu (0.85 g, 8.88 mmol, 1.5 eq), PfBu3'HBF4 (0.17 g, 0.59 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Pd2dba3 (0.27 g, 0.30 mmol, 0.05 eq) are placed in 16 mL of xylene . Thereafter N-([1 ,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl- 9H-fluoren-2-amine) (2.29 g, 92 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 7 mL xylene is added little by little to the reaction solution and stirred at room temperature and heated at 140-140 °C for 18 hours. After complete conversion and cooling to room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured in water (23 mL) and EtOAc (23 mL). After separation of the phases and extraction of the aqueous phase with toluene, the combined organic phases are concentrated and heptane is added. The precipitated solid is isolated. Purification using Soxhlet extraction, recrystallization and vacuum sublimation produces the desired product (46 g, 78 mmol, 93 %);

[0161] Following compounds can be obtained in analogous manner and similar yields: k) N-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(3-(3,3,3,,3,-tetramethyl-2,2,,3,3'- tetrahydro-1,T-spirobi[inden]-6-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amin- d49

[0162] In a flask were added N-([1 ,1'-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(3-(3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl- 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1 ,1'-spirobi[inden]-6-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine (21.6 g, 30.4 mmol), benzene-D6 (120 mL), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (19 mL, 212 mmol) and stirred at 60 °C for 4 hours, then add 600 ml distilled water and NaHCOa dropwise. The organic layer is then extracted with MgSC . The water was removed preparatively. The concentrated organic layer was purified by passing it through silica gel. Finally, the product is obtained as a solid after sublimation (10-6bar). (Yield: 20.8 g , 27 mmol, 90 %).

[0163] B) Device examples

[0164] 1) General production process for the OLEDs and characterization of the OLEDs Glass plaques which have been coated with structured ITO (indium tin oxide) in a thickness of 50 nm are the substrates to which the OLEDs are applied.

[0165] The OLEDs basically have the following layer structure: substrate I hole injection layer (HIL) I hole transport layer (HTL) I electron blocker layer (EBL) I emission layer (EML) I electron transport layer, optionally with second layer (ETL) I electron injection layer (EIL) and finally a cathode. The cathode is formed by an aluminium layer of thickness 100 nm. The exact structure of the OLEDs can be found in the tables which follow. The materials used for production of the OLEDs are shown in a table below.

[0166] All materials are applied by thermal vapour deposition in a vacuum chamber. In this case, the emission layer consists of at least one matrix material (host material) and an emitting dopant which is added to the matrix material(s) in a particular proportion by volume by coevaporation. Details given in such a form as H:SEB (95%:5%) mean here that the material H is present in the layer in a proportion by volume of 95% and SEB in a proportion of 5%. In an analogous manner, the electron transport layer and the hole injection layer also consist of a mixture of two materials. The structures of the materials that are used in the OLEDs are shown in Table 3.

[0167] The OLEDs are characterized in a standard manner. For this purpose, the electroluminescence spectra, the external quantum efficiency (EQE, measured in %) as a function of the luminance, calculated from current-voltage-luminance characteristics assuming Lambertian radiation characteristics, and the lifetime are determined. The parameter EQE @ 10 mA / cm2refers to the external quantum efficiency which is attained at 10 mA / cm2. The parameter U @ 10 mA / cm2refers to the operating voltage at 10 mA / cm2. The lifetime LT is defined as the time after which the luminance drops from the starting luminance to a certain proportion in the course of operation with constant current density. An LT80 figure means here that the lifetime reported corresponds to the time after which the luminance has dropped to 80% of its starting value. The figure @60 or 40 mA / cm2means here that the lifetime in question is measured at 60 or 40 mA / cm2.

[0168] 1) Inventive OLEDs containing a compound of the formula (1) in the EBL of greenphosphorescing OLEDs

[0169] Devices as shown in the following table are produced:

[0170] Table 2: Structure of the OLEDs

[0171] In the device setup shown above, the compounds of the invention give improved voltage, along with very good lifetime for the OLEDs, while maintaining the efficiency:

Claims

R- 80 -Patent Claims15 where the groups and indices that occur are as follows:R1stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, mono-substitution, disubstitution, tri-substitution, maximum possible substitution, or no substitution;20R1stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CHO, CN, C(=O)R3, P(=O)(R3)2, S(=O)R3, S(=O)2R3, NO2, Si(R3)3, B(OR3)2, OSO2R3, a straightchain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R3, where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2groups25 may be replaced by R3C=CR3, C C, Si(R3)2, Ge(R3)2, Sn(R3)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R3), SO, SO2, O, S or CONR3and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R3, or an aryloxy group having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R3, wherein two of radicals R1may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R3;R2stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CHO, CN, C(=O)R4, P(=O)(R4)2, S(=O)R4, S(=O)2R4, NO2, Si(R4)3, B(OR4)2, OSO2R4, a straight¬35 chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4, where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2groupsmay be replaced by R4C=CR4, CEC, Si(R4)2, Ge(R4)2, Sn(R4)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R4), SO, SO2, O, S or CONR4and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R4, or an aryloxy group having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4, wherein two of radicals R2may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4;Ar1and Ar2stand on each occurrence, identically or differently, for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may in each case also be substituted by one or more radicals R5, where two adjacent substituents Ar1and Ar2may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R5;L is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a single bond, an aromatic having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R5; n is an integer selected from 0 to 3;E1, E2and E3are on each occurrence, identically or differently, selected from a single bond, Si(R5)2, O, S, NR5, and C(R5)2; e1 , e2 and e3 are on each occurrence, identically or differently, 0 or 1 ;R3, R4and R5stand on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CHO, CN, C(=O)Ar, P(=O)(Ar)2, S(=O)Ar, S(=O)2Ar, NO2, Si(R')3, B(OR')2, OSO2R , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R', where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2groups may be replaced by R'C=CR', CEC, Si(R')2, Ge(R')2, Sn(R')2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R'), SO, SO2, O, S or CONR' and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R', or an aryloxy group having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R', where two of radicals R3, R4and R5may form a mono- orpolycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R';Ar stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms, which may in each case also be substituted by one or more radicals R';R stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by SO, SO2, O, S and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br or I, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 ring atoms.

2. Compound according to Claim 1 , wherein that the compound represented by at least one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-4:wherein R1, R2, Ar1, Ar2, L, n, E1, E2, E3, e1 , e2 and e3 have the definition given in Claim 1.

3. Compound according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein that R1stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H or D.

4. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein that R2stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for H, D, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4, where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2groups may be replaced by R4C=CR4, C C, Si(R4)2, Ge(R4)2, Sn(R4)2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, P(=O)(R4), SO, SO2, O, S or CONR4and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, wherein two of radicals R2may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R4.

5. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, wherein that L is selected, identically or differently at each occurrence, from a single bond; and a divalent groups derived from benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorene and 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, carbazole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, quinoline, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, and triazine, where each of which may be substituted by one or more R5radicals; R5has the definition given in Claim 1.

6. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein that the moiety representedformula (1) is represented by one of formulae 2-1 to 2-4:Ar1, Ar2, E2, e2 and R5have the definition given in Claim 1.

7. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein that Ar1and Ar2stand on each occurrence, identically or differently, for benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorene or 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, spiroxanthene, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, carbazole, benzofuran, benzonaphthofuran, benzothiophene or indole, which may in each case also be substituted by one or more radicals R5, where two adjacent substituents Ar1and Ar2may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R5; R5has the definition given in Claim 1.

8. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, wherein that e2 is 0; or e2 is 1 and E2is a single bond, C(R5)2 or Si(R5)2, R5has the definition given in Claim 1 .

9. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, wherein that the compound represented by at least one of Formula 3:Formula 3 wherein R2‘ is H or D;R1, R2, Ar1, Ar2, L, n, E1, E2, E3, e1 , e2 and e3 have the definition given in Claim 1.

10. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, wherein that compound comprises at least one of deuterium.

11. A process for producing a compound according to formula (1) according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, wherein that a fluorenyl compound which carries at least one reactive group is either a) reacted in a Buchwald reaction with a secondary amine , or b) is reacted in a Suzuki reaction with a boronic acid-substituted tertiary amine, or c) in a sequence of first i) Suzuki reaction with a boronic acid-substituted and halogen-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic compound, and then ii) Buchwald reaction of the resulting intermediate with a secondary amine is reacted to give a compound according to formula (1) according to one or more of claims 1 to 10.

12. Formulation containing at least one compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, and at least one solvent.

13. Electronic device containing at least one compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 10.

14. Electronic device according to claim 13, characterized in that it is an organic electroluminescent device and contains anode, cathode and at least one emitting layer, and that the compound is contained in a hole-transporting layer or in an emitting layer of the device.

15. Use of a compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 10 in an electronic device.

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