A gravity and buoyancy-based renewable energy generation system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a gravity and buoyancy-based renewable energy generation system (100), comprising vertically oriented J-shaped water columns (102) arranged in parallel rows with shared walls. Each column houses multiple steel buckets (104). A mechanical filling and transfer system (106), which includes a horizontal circular disk and straight transfer channel (112), facilitates continuous loading of buckets with the high-density material. Loaded buckets are stacked within an inclined gate stack (108) at a lower end of each column to initiate gravitational descent. Upon completing the energy cycle, emptied buckets form a vertical stack in an air pipe positioned above rim pulleys for redirection into the next descent cycle. Additionally, vertical lifting column (110) elevates discharged high-density materials using hydrostatic pressure derived from the surrounding water column. The system (100) converts vertical mass movement into mechanical power, enabling efficient and repeatable energy generation through synergistic use of gravity and buoyancy forces.

Description

A GRAVITY AND BUOYANCY-BASED RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of renewable energy generation and mechanical power systems. More specifically, it pertains to a novel gravity- and buoyancy - based hydro-mechanical system for generating electricity, combining gravitational descent of weighted containers with buoyant ascent in a liquid medium to achieve continuous energy generation through intelligent mechanical routing and timing.BACKGROUND

[0002] The global shift toward renewable energy sources has driven significant innovation in solar, wind, hydro, and other alternative power generation technologies. However, many of these technologies face challenges related to intermittency, infrastructure costs, environmental impact, and energy storage. This has prompted renewed interest in gravity-based energy storage and generation concepts, which are appreciated for their mechanical simplicity and long-term stability. Systems that convert gravitational potential — such as pumped hydro storage and weight-lowering mechanisms — demonstrate promising potential for delivering stable, controllable power output.

[0003] Buoyancy-assisted systems have also been explored, though to a lesser degree, as a means of either enhancing energy recovery or reducing the net power required for reciprocating mechanisms. In practice, however, gravity-based installations often depend on costly, terrain-specific infrastructure such as elevated reservoirs, while standalone buoyancy designs typically exhibit poor energy balance, high resistance, and limited mechanical scalability. Neither approach, when implemented in isolation, addresses both efficient descent and ascent cycles in a unified, repeatable manner.

[0004] Several concepts in the prior art aim to exploit gravitational potential or buoyant force for energy production. For example, gravitational energy storage systems like Gravity Power and Energy Vault use cranes or winches to raise heavy masses and later allow them to descend, converting potential energy into electricity via generators. Pumped hydro systems, as the most established gravity -based storage method, elevate water to a high-level reservoir and release it through turbines, but require substantial geological features and civil works. Buoyancy -based designs have included underwater air chambers or submerged floatation elements that harness upward force, yet they often demand external energy tosubmerge the buoyant body and suffer from low efficiency. Numerous speculative proposals purport to achieve perpetual motion by combining gravity and buoyancy in closed loops, but these violate thermodynamic principles and lack practical applicability.

[0005] None of the known systems effectively integrate high-speed gravitational descent cycles with low-speed buoyancy ascent cycles in a repeatable, mechanically efficient, and energy-positive configuration. Existing solutions do not leverage intelligent bucket-based routing, robotic mass transfer, or dynamic mass modulation — such as embedding metal balls to adjust weight distribution — to achieve scalable electricity generation. Consequently, there remains a need for a terrain-independent, self-contained modular power generation system capable of continuously converting both potential and kinetic energy transitions into mechanical and electrical power without reliance on sunlight, wind, conventional fuels, or specialized topography.OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0006] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfy, are listed herein below.

[0007] It is an object of the present subject matter to overcome the afore-mentioned and other drawbacks existing in the prior art systems and methods.

[0008] It is a significant object of the present invention to provide a novel renewable energy generation system that synergistically integrates gravitational potential energy and buoyancy-driven motion for continuous, scalable power output.

[0009] It is another principal object of the present invention to develop a closed-loop energy cycle utilizing low-speed buoyant ascent and high-speed gravitational descent of weighted buckets within a J-shaped water column, enabling sustainable electricity generation.

[0010] It is another principal object of the present invention to reduce external energy input requirements through intelligent mechanical design, including self-actuating systems for bucket inversion, minimal-power robotic arms, and synchronized gear-driven transmission.

[0011] It is another object of the present invention to maximize mechanical efficiency and structural economy by using shared-wall, dual-row arrangements of water columns, thereby minimizing construction material costs while balancing hydrostatic pressures.

[0012] It is another object of the present invention to introduce a hybrid mechanical- hydraulic mechanism for lifting high-density materials (metal balls) using static watercolumn pressure, replacing high-energy conventional pumping with a gravity-based elevation method.

[0013] It is another object of the present invention to maintain constant system throughput by precisely coordinating the motion of multiple components — buckets, pulleys, robotic arms, vertical and horizontal conveyors — through geared couplings and timing control.

[0014] It is another object of the present invention to minimize losses due to friction and water drag by employing smooth-surfaced, hydrodynamically optimized buckets and guided paths for both descending and ascending components.

[0015] It is another object of the present invention to increase system reliability and reduce wear by designing load-distribution features such as bearing-supported vertical pipes, conical stoppers, and flexible valve gates.

[0016] It is another object of the present invention to enable modular scalability of the power system, allowing units to be deployed individually or in parallel arrays to meet specific power demands ranging from kilowatts to megawatts.

[0017] It is another object of the present invention to environmental compatibility and safety by utilizing inert and recyclable materials (e.g., mild steel, silicone oil), closed-loop water systems, and non-toxic fluid interfaces.

[0018] It is another object of the present invention to simplify control and automation by integrating mechanical logic (e.g., gravity-induced movement, alignment-based ball release) that reduces the need for complex electronics or high-precision sensors.

[0019] It is another object of the present invention to provide a renewable energy system capable of generating mechanical and electrical power with minimal moving parts, low maintenance, and high operational lifespan.

[0020] These and other objects and advantages of the present subject matter will be apparent to a person skilled in the art after consideration of the following detailed description, taken into consideration with accompanied drawings in which preferred embodiments of the present subject matter are illustrated.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0021] This summary is provided to introduce concepts related to the field of renewable energy generation and mechanical power systems. More specifically, it pertains to a novel gravity- and buoyancy-based hydro-mechanical system for generating electricity, combining gravitational descent of weighted containers with buoyant ascent in a liquidmedium to achieve continuous energy generation through intelligent mechanical routing and timing.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present subject matter, there is provided a gravity and buoyancy-based renewable energy generation system. The system comprises a plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water columns configured to transport low and high- density materials. The plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water columns is arranged in two parallel rows, with each water column in a first row sharing a side wall with an adjacent water column in the same row and sharing a back wall with a corresponding water column in the second row, thereby reducing construction volume and material costs. The system further comprises a plurality of steel buckets present in the plurality of vertically oriented J- shaped water column. The plurality of steel buckets is having desired internal shape and are configured to carry one or more high-density material. The system further comprises a mechanical filling and transfer system comprising of a horizontal circular disk and a straight transfer channel. The mechanical filling and transfer system is configured to load the plurality of steel buckets with said high-density material. The system further comprises a gate stack positioned at each lower end of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water columns. The gate stack is angularly inclined and is configured to house the plurality of steel buckets loaded with said high density material and further allow gravitational descent of the loaded buckets through the water columns. The system further comprises a vertically stacked arrangement of said empty buckets forming a vertical stack in air pipe positioned above a rim pulley located above the first lower end of the plurality of vertically oriented J- shaped water columns such that said buckets are being descended to the gate stack. The system further comprises at least one vertical lifting column positioned adjacent towards lower end to the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column. The at least one vertical lifting column is configured to elevate the one or more high-density material from a lower elevation to a higher elevation taking high-density material from bottom of the J- shaped water column. The at least one vertical lifting column elevates the one or more high density material by using water pressure from the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column.

[0023] In an embodiment of the present invention, the straight transfer channel is positioned between each of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column, with the straight transfer channel being configured to convey empty buckets from the rim pulleys of one water column to the gate stack of an adjacent water column of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column for refilling with high-density materials, withoutthe use of a horizontal circular disk.

[0024] In an embodiment of the present invention, the high density material may include but is not limited to spherical balls, mild steel flat circular block and like materials thereby improving manufacturability and reducing costs.

[0025] In an embodiment of the present invention, the at least one vertical lifting column comprises of a pipe like structure configured to lift high-density material using the pressure from the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, height of the pipe like structure ranges from 11 meters to 15 meters, and wherein cross-sectional diameter of the pipe like structure ranges from 0.8 meter to 1.2 meter.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present invention, the at least one vertical lifting column is configured to be operated in a metal ball mode, with the at least one vertical lifting column comprising a perforated steel plate and a movable secondary plate disposed at lower end side, configured to selectively allow passage of metal balls based on alignment of the perforated steel plate and the movable secondary plate.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present invention, the at least one vertical lifting column comprises of a flexible bottom piston and a conical guide structure to direct balls to aligned openings of the at least one vertical lifting column.

[0029] In an embodiment of the present invention, the at least one vertical lifting column is configured to be operated in a solid block mode, with flat circular metal blocks being stacked and configured to be lifted along upward direction by water pressure from the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present invention, the at least one vertical column comprises of an insertion mechanism including circular flexible valve to insert said blocks at the base of the at least one vertical column.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present invention, the system comprises of a horizontally oriented cylinder system lifting mechanism, wherein a series of forwardmoving cylinders travel within a steel pipe passing through multiple water columns, with each cylinder comprising metal balls and propelled by water pressure, with an associated vertical conveyor belt lifting metal balls to the bucket-filling stage.

[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, flat circular metal blocks are arranged in a queue on a smooth track at the base of each of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column and sequentially inserted into wall holes equipped with circular flexible valves. The valves operate to allow water pressure to push blocks into avertical lifting channel without water passing.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present invention, a side-thrust transfer mechanism engages the lowest block in the inclined stack to transfer the thrust from the horizontal direction to vertical lifting force, and wherein industrial elevators transfer blocks from top of inclined channel exit block at a height of approximately 13 meters to the bucket-filling location.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present invention, the system comprises of a horizontal rotating circular disk configured to distribute high-density material to multiple buckets simultaneously. The horizontal rotating circular disk comprises of a central bowl configured to receive lifted material and dispense it through multiple arms in order to fill moving buckets disposed around the perimeter of the horizontal rotating circular disk.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present invention, a vertical rotating circular escalator positioned in vicinity of the gate stack, with the rotating circular escalator being configured to transfer loaded buckets from the horizontal rotating circular disk to a gate stack. The rotating circular escalator comprises opposing arms in order to grip the plurality of steel buckets from both sides using rotating contact elements to maintain orientation and maintain tilting as required during transfer. Each opposite arms connect to a spring located near central axis that pull these opposite arms, make space between arms less than buckets diameter. When arms are empty (without buckets), a curved external plate located between opposite arms, strike with extended end of arms to increase distance between opposite arms and when arms grip buckets, then extended end leave the curved plate. In this way mechanically arms grip and leave buckets without electronics.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, the system comprises of a robotic arm system disposed at the top of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column, with the robotic arm being configured to operate along a vertical circular path to receive empty buckets from an inclined plane conveyor and place them onto an empty bucket stack in a vertical pipe.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a floating reservoir positioned at the top of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column. The floating reservoir is configured to house a predefined number of empty buckets along a circular path upon receipt of same from the robotic arm system operated in water at top of water column.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention, walls of each of the plurality of vertically oriented air pipe located parallel to J-shaped water column comprises of internalbearings configured to reduce friction and maintain vertical alignment of the empty bucket stack, with the lowest bucket in the stack supporting the weight of the entire column entering in a pulley system being operably connected to a generator for converting the downward motion of empty buckets into rotational energy.

[0039] In an embodiment of the present invention, the system comprises of a revolving brake mechanism disposed at each lateral end of lower section of the gate stack. The revolving brake mechanism is configured to control motion of the descending bucket stack and facilitate startup by imparting initial rotational speed.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present invention, a straight transfer channel conveys empty buckets from the rim pulleys of one water column of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column to the gate stack of an adjacent water column of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column for filling with high-density materials, without the use of a horizontal circular disk.

[0041] To further understand the characteristics and technical contents of the present subject matter, a description relating thereto will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the drawings are illustrative only but not used to limit the scope of the present subject matter.

[0042] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which numerals represent like components.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING(S)

[0043] It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of the present subject matter and are therefore not to be considered for limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments. A detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the figures to refer like features and components. Some embodiments of system or methods or structure in accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter are now described, by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying figures, in which

[0044] Figure 1 depicts two parallel rows of J-shaped water columns, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 2 describes a single water column with an expected corresponding dimension, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 3 describes a structural base design of a lower end of the J-shaped water column, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 4 describes a design of a bucket, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 5 depicts buckets being filled with either mild steel balls or single mild steel plates, showing an improvement in cost-efficiency and handling over previous lead- steel designs, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 6 depicts use single mild steel solid piece or block in place of metal balls, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 7 depicts a design of metal balls filled bucket, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 8 depicts a design of pushing pulley working below entry gate showing motion and direction of pushing buckets, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 9 illustrates all part connectivity of invention as whole design using metal balls, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 10 shows a vertical circular path with mechanical arms transferring filled buckets from a horizontal rotating disk to the gate stack, ensuring stable, aligned downward movement, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 11 Illustrates robotic arms transferring empty buckets from inclinedChannel to the top of the empty bucket stack, balancing same load both sides to reduce power consumption, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 12 displays a top-level reservoir where 30 buckets float in a circular loop. Mechanical arms manage bucket inflow and outflow while ensuring correct positioning into Channel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure

[0056] Figure 13 shows a large rotating circular disk with multiple buckets being filled simultaneously metal balls from a central bowl using radial arms or pipes or blocks on circumference, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] Figure 14 depicts a 13-meter vertical column with perforated steel plates and pressure-actuated mechanisms for lifting steel balls via a 100-meter water column, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] Figure 15 depicts design of steel plate showing holes position and conicalshapes under the solid plate sections guide the balls to the holes, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] Figure 16 illustrates a 1 km-long steel pipe passing through multiple water columns, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] Figure 17 shows side-view of the vertical pipe with inner-wall bearings to guide and reduce friction for the vertically aligned bucket stack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] Figure 18 presents the alternative mode where solid -860 kg metal blocks are stacked and lifted in a column using water pressure, replacing individual steel balls, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] Figure 19 displays a brake system located at the bottom of the vertical pipe of gate using pulleys to control motion and startup acceleration, with generator-linked rim pulleys as backup brakes, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] Figure 20 illustrates underwater safety features: a pressure-release valve at the base and cameras placed within the column for operational monitoring, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] Figure 21 shows damaged ball separation using a magnetic deflection system or projectile-based sorting with a horizontal conveyor and gravity -based mass differentiation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Figure 22 depicts a bucket elevator lifting metal balls from ground level to the entry of the vertical column, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] Figure 23 Illustrates a novel system where circular metal blocks are inserted through wall-mounted valves at the base of the water column, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] Figure 24 depicts an exemplary schematic of the present invention using flat circular metal blocks, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0068] Figure 25 illustrates block track on foundation of water column, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0069] The figures depict embodiments of the present subject matter for the purposes of illustration only. A person skilled in art will easily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] A few aspects of the present disclosure are explained in detail below with reference to the various figures. Example implementations are described to illustrate the disclosed subject matter, not to limit its scope, which is defined by the claims. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize a number of equivalent variations of the various features provided in the description that follows.

[0071] While the embodiments of the disclosure are subject to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the figures and will be described below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure.

[0072] The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof used in the disclosure, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a device, system, assembly that comprises a list of components does not include only those components but may include other components not expressly listed or inherent to such system, or assembly, or device. In other words, one or more elements in a system or device proceeded by “comprises... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or device.

[0073] In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a renewable energy generation apparatus that synergistically combines gravitational potential with buoyant forces through an intelligent mechanical framework. The apparatus operates consistently with fundamental physical laws, permitting low-velocity buoyant ascent cycles and high-velocity gravitational descent cycles to coexist within a net-positive energy conversion process.

[0074] It will be appreciated that the specific sizes, dimensions, units and material quantities disclosed herein are presented for illustrative purposes only, and that any of these parameters may be varied in accordance with particular design requirements or performance objectives.

[0075] The present disclosure relates to a renewable energy generation system that harnesses both gravitational descent and buoyant ascent within a closed-loop mechanical architecture to produce continuous electrical power. The system comprises a plurality of J- shaped vertical water columns arranged in two parallel rows, each column extending to aheight of approximately one hundred meters and configured to receive cyclically movable buckets. Each bucket is adapted to carry a high-density metal payload — either a collection of metal spheres or a single segmented metal block — such that, when loaded, the bucket descends under the influence of gravity and, when emptied, ascends by virtue of buoyant force.

[0076] A gate mechanism positioned at the lower curvature of each J-shaped column supports an inclined stack of a predetermined number of loaded buckets. Buckets are introduced into an upper inlet at a controlled rate (e.g., eight buckets per second), thereby applying pressure to the stack and inducing a downward velocity of approximately four meters per second. Upon reaching the column base, descending buckets are redirected through a low-power pulley assembly that inverts the bucket and discharges its metal payload. The discharged metal payload collects at the column bottom and is returned to the column apex via a separate hydrostatic lift column, the height of which is optimized — based on fluid density differentials (e.g., using a 7.8* density ratio to achieve a 100-meter hydraulic head equivalent to a 13 -meter water column) — and incorporates a dual-plate valve system and silicone-oil lubrication to minimize internal friction and prevent fluid leakage.

[0077] Concurrently, emptied buckets ascend the J-shaped columns under buoyant lift at a controlled velocity (e.g., 0.5 meters per second), are guided into a surface reservoir, and are subsequently transferred — via an inclined conveyor and robotic handling arms — to form a stack of approximately eighty-five meters in height. The release of this assembled stack over a set of rim pulleys converts stored gravitational potential into rotational kinetic energy, which is transmitted through a gearbox to drive an electric generator, yielding on the order of 0.67 MW per column. Ancillary operations, including conveyor belts, rotating disks, and robotic actuators for bucket alignment and payload refilling, are mechanically coupled to the primary cycle and consume minimal auxiliary power. The columns share common structural walls and internal machinery mounts to reduce civil infrastructure costs and enhance mechanical reliability.

[0078] In alternative embodiments, the payload may comprise a single block of mild steel subdivided for ease of handling. Such blocks may be lifted either through the described hydrostatic column — utilizing a flexible pressure valve at the lowest block position to maintain equilibrium between the block weight and fluid pressure — or along an inclined bearing-supported rod equipped with a similar pressure-balanced valve arrangement. These configurations preserve the net-positive energy balance of the system while offering modularity in payload design and lifting methodology.

[0079] Figure 1 depicts two parallel rows of J-shaped water columns (102), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system comprises an array of a number of (e.g. 50) J-shaped water columns arranged in a single row, each sharing a common wall with its adjacent column. A second row of the number of (e.g. 50) identical columns is positioned behind the first, sharing the rear wall to optimize structural efficiency. Thus, the arrangement includes a plurality of J-shaped columns arranged in two rows to reduce the overall construction volume. This configuration minimizes construction costs by reducing the need for reinforced walls, as the shared walls (0.25 meters thick) balance water pressure from both sides.

[0080] Figure 2 describes a single water column (102) with an expected corresponding dimension, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Each water column has a predefined dimension (such as 20 meters long, 20 meters wide, and 100 meters high). The 20-meter length is divided into a 10-meter lower section and a 10-meter upper section. The lower section is raised 1.5 meters above the base, with its front portion spanning 10 meters. The upper section’s volume is calculated as 10 * 20 * 100 = 20,000 cubic meters.

[0081] Figure 3 describes a structural base design of a lower end of the J-shaped water column, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. A 1 -meter diameter gate, equipped with a flexible valve to prevent water leakage, is located at the centre of the lower section’s roof. Beyond this gate, the lower section’s width gradually widens to align with the 20-meter width of the upper section. The roof of the lower section slopes upward toward the upper section to facilitate smooth entry into the water column and provide additional space.

[0082] A square opening (1.2 x 1.2 meters) is incorporated into the lower section’s roof, positioned between the gate and the far end, connecting to a 1 x 1 meter vertical square column for collecting or channelling high-density materials, such as metal balls. If a circular opening is used, the vertical column is cylindrical. Each column is filled with stationary water or a low-density liquid. As all columns are identical, describing one column suffices to explain the system’s operation.

[0083] Figure 4 describes a design of a bucket (104), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Cylindrical buckets (104), constructed from steel or a high-strength alloy with an approximate mass of 100 kg, measure 0.5 meters in height and 0.75 meters in diameter. In this embodiment, the bucket is fabricated from mild steel and subsequently galvanized to inhibit corrosion, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. Each bucket (104) has a closed lower half and an open upper half, enabling inversion whensubmerged in water.

[0084] The closed lower half allows the bucket (104) to float via buoyant force, while the open upper half holds high-density materials, such as metal balls or blocks, to increase the bucket’s weight as required. When empty, the bucket ascends in water at approximately 0.8 m / s due to buoyancy. The bucket’s base is slightly curved outward to minimize water resistance and ensure metal balls do not fill to the brim. The bucket’s internal configuration can be customized, and its outer surface is smooth to reduce drag during movement.

[0085] Figure 5 depicts buckets being filled with either mild steel balls (15) or single mild steel plates, showing an improvement in cost-efficiency and handling over previous lead-steel designs, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. High- density metal balls (15), 2 mm in diameter and made of mild steel, have a bulk density of 7.8 kg / m3, accounting for voids between packed balls. These balls (15), 7.8 times denser than water, maximize the bucket’s weight. Smaller balls are used to reduce empty spaces, enabling greater mass packing for enhanced density.

[0086] Alternatively, a single circular or cuboid mild steel block (27) can replace the balls to increase bucket weight as illustrated in Figure 6. If blocks are used, the design of the metal ball column is modified. Multiple blocks per bucket may be employed if the lifting force per block is low. The high-density material utilized comprises either metal balls or metal blocks fabricated from mild steel and subsequently galvanized. This composition offers a cost-effective solution while maintaining the required structural and functional integrity.

[0087] Figure 7 depicts a design of metal balls (9) filled bucket (104), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Mild steel balls (9) are preferred for their cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacturing, and durability, though lead-steel balls, which offer higher density and power output, are a more expensive option. The system’s electricity generation capacity depends on the density and descent speed of the high-density material.

[0088] Figure 9 illustrates all part connectivity of invention as whole design using metal balls, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Each bucket (104, 2) is loaded with 860 kg of metal balls or a block, as illustrated in Figure 18. A total of 44 loaded buckets (104, 2) are stacked along a channel inclined at 30 degrees from the horizontal, resting on the gate. The bottom bucket (104, 2) supports the weight of the stack. The channel either moves downward with the buckets or remains fixed, with buckets sliding on bearings at 4 m / s. Thus, the gate stack is angularly inclined at a specific angle. The inclined height of the 44 buckets is 22 meters, but their vertical height is 11 meters, with thegate adding 1.5 meters, resulting in a total vertical height of 12.5 meters from the column’s base. In contrast to the prior art, where an additional lift of approximately 1.5 meters for mercury or metal balls was achieved using a pump, the present invention accomplishes the same elevation of high-density material through a bucket elevator mechanism, offering a structurally distinct and potentially more efficient solution.

[0089] As additional loaded buckets (104, 2) are placed onto the top of the gate stack at a vertical height of 12.5 meters at a rate of 8 buckets per second, the increasing weight causes the bottom 8 buckets to descend into the water at 4 m / s. An innovative process, requiring approximately 69 kW of external energy, lifts these heavy buckets to 12.5 meters at 8 buckets per second, as detailed on page 23 (pumping power).

[0090] To prevent jamming below the gate, a low-powered pushing pulley system redirects descending buckets horizontally toward the upper section of the water column. This system (100) uses a conveyor belt (28) with one fixed end and a reciprocating end to guide bucket movement, as illustrated in Figure 8. Removing buckets (104, 2) from below the gate creates a downward pulling force, reducing the energy needed to insert new buckets (104, 2).

[0091] Loaded buckets strike the pushing pulley (16) at a 60-degree angle, requiring minimal external power (-15.13 kW) to maintain a belt speed of 7 m / s for 4 closely spaced buckets with 10 cm gaps and curved fronts. The buckets’ momentum helps overcome water drag over a 4-meter distance. After this, the buckets (104, 2) slow, invert due to their empty lower portion, and release metal balls, which fall to the bottom. A stopper fills the conical space between the belt and pulleys to prevent balls from entering.

[0092] To avoid collisions between buckets (104, 2) and metal balls (9) at the column’s base, round steel rods are fixed 20 cm above the bottom, guiding bucket movement while keeping balls below. The column’s base slopes toward a collection area for metal balls.

[0093] Once emptied, buckets (104, 2) become lighter and float upward in a bottom-up orientation at 0.8 m / s due to buoyancy. Eight buckets ascend in each horizontal row, matching the 4 m / s descent rate of the gate stack. With 133 rows spaced 0.25 meters apart, 1067 empty buckets float simultaneously at 0.8 m / s. The ascent speed is flexible, as 8 buckets at 0.5 m / s or 16 at 0.25 m / s achieve the same result, provided 8 buckets reach the top per second.

[0094] A small reservoir at the column’s top holds 30 partially submerged, bottom-up empty buckets circulating in a loop between two steel rods. Eight buckets exit and eight enter the reservoir per second, maintaining a constant count. Mechanical guiding arms alignbuckets during their final 5 meters of ascent, pushing them into the reservoir with minimal energy (~2 kW). From the reservoir, buckets move to Channel -7, an inclined conveyor that lifts them above water to drain residual liquid and forwards them to vertical robotic arms, as illustrated in Figure 9, Figure 12, and Figure 23.

[0095] Vertical robotic arms rotate buckets (19) from a bottom-up to a bottom-down orientation, placing them onto an 85-meter-high stack of empty buckets (104, 2) in a vertical pipe (4). The buckets (104, 2) follow the upper half of a circular path, with arms operating at 4 m / s, gripping buckets from the sides for precise placement. The motion of Channel-7 and the robotic arms (19) is coupled via gears, and balanced bucket weights minimize power consumption. Two curved support arms on each bucket’s base facilitate pickup from Channel-7 without increasing power needs, as the rotating mass remains balanced. These arms disengage during downward motion to avoid interference in the vertical air pipe stack. Channel-7 is 0.2 meters narrower than the bucket diameter to support this mechanism, as illustrated in Figure 9 and Figure 11. Vertical circular robotic arms are employed to ensure a consistent and predetermined motion trajectory, thereby maintaining precise operational alignment throughout the process.

[0096] An 85-meter vertical pipe, positioned 15 meters above ground and parallel to the water column, holds 170 stacked empty buckets (0.5 meters each). Bearings on the pipe’s inner surface reduce friction and ensure alignment, with the lowest bucket supporting the stack’s weight. Two 32 cm diameter rim pulleys beneath the pipe guide the stack’s descent at 4 m / s, preventing slippage and maintaining mechanical control, as illustrated in Figure 9 and Figure 17. The vertically oriented pipe configured to internally support a plurality of buckets where each bucket is aligned by bearing against the inner wall of the pipe to minimize friction during movement or positioning.

[0097] The descending bucket stack applies a continuous downward force to the rim pulleys, generating rotational energy. The pulleys’ shafts connect to a generator via a gearbox with a 1 :7 gear ratio, converting 240 RPM to 1,500 RPM for efficient electricity generation. The gravitational potential energy of the buckets is transformed into electrical energy when an external load is applied.

[0098] Each water column’s 20-meter width and 10-meter lower section create a 10 x 10-meter space between adjacent columns’ lower ends. A cemented structural frame, supported by adjacent columns and frames, houses the rim pulleys, generator, vertical air pipe, horizontal circular disk, robotic arms, metal ball conveyor pump, Channel-7, and Channel-8, as illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 3, and Figure 9. In contrast to the prior art,which vaguely references the use of a pump for filling metal balls into empty buckets following the rim pulley operation, the present invention introduces a clearly defined mechanism to enhance the filling duration and efficiency. Specifically, the improved system incorporates either a horizontal circular disk (as shown in Figure 9, reference point 20, and Figure 13) or a straight transfer channel (Figure 9, extended channel 8) to facilitate controlled and consistent transfer of metal balls into the buckets.

[0099] With each bucket (104, 2) weighing 100 kg, the 170-bucket stack produces a force of 170 x 100 x 9.8 = 166,600 N, enabling the generator to produce approximately 0.67 MW. To allow sufficient time for filling buckets with metal balls, they move from the rim pulleys to a horizontal track (Channel-8), a straight belt moving at 6 m / s, forming a single queue.

[0100] To extend filling time (~3 seconds per bucket), buckets transfer from Channel - 8 to a horizontal circular disk, where 24 buckets are filled simultaneously with 860 kg of metal balls or blocks using a central filling arm, similar to LPG cylinder filling systems. The disk, supporting heavy loads, is stabilized by six bearings or centered inclined rods on the supporting frame, as illustrated in Figure 13.

[0101] Due to the mechanical difficulty of lifting heavy buckets via vertically rotating arms at a rate of eight buckets per second, two auxiliary support arms are integrated at the base of each bucket to facilitate smoother lifting. While these additional arms result in a marginal increase in manufacturing cost, they do not contribute to increased power consumption, as the rotational mass remains symmetrically balanced on both sides of the wheel.

[0102] Critically, these bottom support arms disengage from the buckets as they transition into the downward motion along the wheel. The arms must be precisely positioned to ensure they do not interfere with the alignment or spacing of buckets when stacked at the gate.

[0103] Filled buckets are ejected horizontally from the disk at 6 m / s onto a 30-degree inclined channel connected to the gate, where they stack with a slight upward tilt to prevent material spillage due to centrifugal force. The gate stack’s descent speed is 4 m / s, with a total height of 12.5 meters (11 meters for buckets, 1.5 meters for the gate). The motion of the rim pulleys, Channel-8, horizontal disk, and inclined channel is synchronized via gears, (as illustrated in Figure 13). In the present application, all location-fixed moving components — such as rim pulleys, channel-8, the horizontal disk, vertical escalator, and bucket elevator — are mechanically coupled via gear assemblies to achieve synchronizedmotion across the system.

[0104] Alternatively, buckets (104, 2) from Channel-8 can be placed directly onto the gate stack of the next water column, eliminating the horizontal disk. Channel-8’ s 20-meter length provides ample time for filling buckets with metal balls.

[0105] The cycle involves loaded buckets entering the water column, being pushed by the pulley, inverting to release metal balls at the base, floating upward, descending through the vertical pipe, passing over the rim pulleys, and rejoining the gate stack. Metal balls remain at the column’s base for collection.

[0106] Figure 24 depicts an exemplary schematic of the present invention using flat circular metal blocks in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in Figure 24, the metal blocks column (17) is configured to hold the flat circular metal blocks. The functioning of other components of the system (100) may perform similar functions to the components of the system (100) illustrated in Figure 9.

[0107] The horizontal disk is situated approximately 14 meters above ground level. High-density metal balls or blocks are lifted from the bottom of the water column, with a 13 -meter elevation achieved through water pressure and an additional 1 -meter lift powered externally. Metal balls dispersed at the base of the water column are elevated 13 meters using the pressure from a 100-meter water column. A separate vertical column, either integrated within or positioned parallel to the water column, contains the metal balls or blocks and is isolated from the water by a barrier. Three methods are utilized to lift high- density materials using water pressure. The high-density column is lifted from the bottom of a water column using a novel technique that obviates the use of mercury employed in conventional systems.

[0108] In one embodiment, metal balls lifting system may be used, as illustrated in Figure 14. In the metal ball lifting system, a vertical square pipe, measuring 13 meters high, 1 meter wide, and 1 meter long, is designed to elevate metal balls (104, 2) (density 7.8 g / cm3) using the pressure from a 100-meter water column, achieving a balanced height of approximately 100 / 7.8 ~ 13 meters, as illustrated in Figure 14. At a depth of 12.5 meters, a fixed horizontal steel plate with multiple 5 cm diameter holes is installed. A secondary sliding plate, controlled by a handle, is placed above it, with holes offset from those in the fixed plate. Sliding the secondary plate aligns or misaligns the holes to regulate the flow of metal balls. The pipe’s base is sealed with a flexible rubber membrane or piston to accommodate pressure and volume variations during the lifting cycle, as illustrated in Figure 14.

[0109] The square pipe accommodates the reciprocating motion of the sliding plate, though a cylindrical pipe could be used with a rotating plate mechanism. The pipe is filled with metal balls and lubricated with silicone oil (density 930 kg / m3), which is non-toxic, non-corrosive, thermally stable, and immiscible with water. When the holes are opened, water pressure drives the balls upward. After a batch ascends, the holes close, dividing the column into upper and lower sections. Additional balls and water enter the lower chamber via a motor-driven one-way pipe, while a pump removes water to the main column with minimal energy due to equalized pressure. The same quantity of balls exits the top to maintain weight balance. Conical depressions beneath non-perforated plate sections guide balls to holes, enhancing efficiency. Two columns operate in tandem, like pistons, ensuring continuous ball delivery. (Figure 14)

[0110] In another embodiment, metal blocks lifting system may be used, as illustrated in Figure 18. In the metal ball lifting system, to simplify handling, a single flat circular block (approximately 860 kg, with curved edges for easy bucket insertion) can replace metal balls. Approximately 47 blocks, each 0.28 meters high, are stacked in a 13 -meter column, balanced by the 100-meter water pressure based on their 7.8 g / cm3density. A flexible pressure valve at the column’s base prevents water entry. When the top block exits, water pressure lifts the remaining 46 blocks, and a new block is inserted through the valve with minimal external force. The column’s base is raised 0.5 meters above the water column’s base to facilitate insertion. Water pressure is employed to elevate high-density materials; however, the present invention distinguishes itself by utilizing alternative material compositions and a modified mechanism that enables a more efficient and expedited lifting process.[OHl] Blocks are pre-positioned on a smooth track in the water column and advanced by mechanical arms for continuous operation. Smooth steel rods along the column’s inner walls minimizes friction. At the top, blocks are pushed horizontally onto a 1.5-meter inclined bucket elevator (powered by 69 kW), which delivers them to a rotating horizontal disk for bucket filling, with approximately 3 seconds per block.

[0112] In yet another embodiment, round holes with valves system may be used, as illustrated in Figure 23. In the round holes with valves system, circular metal blocks are queued on a smooth track at the water column’s base, guided by mechanical arms. Multiple round holes, fitted with flexible sealing valves, are located near the base to allow blocks to pass under water pressure while preventing leakage. Exiting blocks are guided onto a 20- meter-long, 45-degree inclined track with parallel iron rails and bearings, reaching a 13-meter height. The lift is counterbalanced by the 100-meter water column’s pressure. As a block exits, water pressure inserts a new one, enabling up to 8 blocks per second. Multiple holes operate simultaneously to reduce valve pressure.

[0113] For durability under 10-bar pressure, valves are constructed with a cone- or bellows-shaped seal, featuring an EPDM or HNBR elastomer inner layer, a nylon / Kevlar mesh middle layer, and a PTFE or polyurethane outer coating, ensuring a 10-15-year lifespan with periodic maintenance.Calculations:

[0114] Dynamic pressure: With a metal balls / metal block lifting speed of 1 m / s, dynamic pressure is calculated as 3,900 Pa, while static pressure is 965,300 Pa — giving a total pressure of 969,200 Pa. The resulting thrust on the gate (with a 0.4416 m2bucket bottom area) is 427998 N, which is acceptable compared to the 544,896 N downward force of the gate stack. (Figure 9)Dynamic pressure will be / i x density x v2= ’A x 7800 x 1 x 1 = 3900 PaAnd static pressure =1000 x 9.8 x 98.5 = 965300 PaSo, total water pressure on gate = static pressure + dynamic pressure= 965300 + 3900 = 969200 Pa, then water thrust on gate = bucket bottom area x pressure= 0.4418 x 969200 = 428192 Newton

[0115] From the 13-meter height, a pump (industrial buckets conveyor) lifts the balls an additional 1 meter and loading them into buckets on a horizontal circular disk. This disk, moving at 6 m / s, launches the loaded buckets horizontally.

[0116] Friction Analysis:

[0117] Gate Entry Friction: Negligible, as each bucket separates from the gate stack within 1 / 8 second after entering the water.

[0118] Floating Bucket Friction: Not counted, since the speed of ascent does not affect the system’s rate of 8 buckets reaching the top per second.

[0119] Vertical Pipe Friction: Minimized by the use of bearings at the pipe rim pulley, reducing resistance during upward movement.

[0120] Conclusion: Overall friction in the system is minimal and does not significantly impact performance.

[0121] Inclined gate channel possess very small friction since either channel work on precision bearing or many small bearing on fixed channel work to slipping buckets.

[0122] Gate Pipe Valve:

[0123] Design: The valve is conical (increasing thickness from bottom to top) for structural strength.

[0124] Function: Only the lower end of the valve contacts the cylindrical buckets.

[0125] Sealing Mechanism: Water pressure presses the flexible valve, which in turn presses against the buckets. Water tries to enter in between valve and bucket face same pressure on valve by water. Water pressure acts equally on both sides

[0126] Result: With no gap between the valve and buckets, this pressure seal prevents any water leakage.

[0127] Feasibility Analysis: When heavy weighted buckets arranged in a vertical stack enter one by one into a large body of water or liquid, and the pressure at the entry point is maintained approximately constant at the initial static level, then the external energy required for entry decreases as the entry velocity increases. This is because each submerged bucket exerts a downward pulling force on the bucket entering immediately after it. Therefore, the energy required for the buckets to enter is dependent on their entry speed, assuming the entry pressure remains nearly constant.

[0128] Energy-Speed Relationship (Work-Energy Theorem):Assuming pressure remains constant, a higher entry speed reduces the duration of resistance each bucket faces from fluid drag. Consequently, the work (energy input) required per bucket can decrease as speed increases — this is counterintuitive but valid under dynamically assisted conditions.

[0129] Bucket Specifications:Empty bucket mass: 100 kg.Height = 0.5-meter, diameter = 0.75 meter,Bucket cross-section area (A):Diameter = 0.75 m — radius = 0.375 m0.4418 m2Volume of bucket = A x h = 0.4418 x 0.5 = 0.2209 meter3Metal balls per bucket: Volume of open portion = 0.1103 x 7800 = 860 kg Total mass per loaded bucket: 100 + 860 = 960 kg

[0130] Gate-Stack Specifications: It should be note that energy effect of 44 buckets in stack moving on 30-degree inclined channel at 4 m / s is same as 22 buckets in vertical stack moving at 4 m / s. therefore, below calculation of 22 vertical bucket-stack is same for 44 inclined buckets- stack, (sine 30 degree =1 / 2, vertical component of inclined force)Number of buckets in stack: 22Total stack mass: 22 x 960 = 21120 kg Stack speed: 4 m / s.Entry rate: 8 buckets per second.

[0131] In steady-state, the gate-stack acts like a moving piston delivering full kinetic energy every second, and the bottom bucket transfers it into the water.

[0132] Forces at gate:(a) Thrust force = pressure x bottom area of bucket= 969200 x 0.4418 = 428192 N(b) Force in stack:Gravitational force from 22 buckets:Fg = 22 x 960 x 9.8 = 206976 NTotal kinetic energy of 22 loaded buckets at 4 m / s:Ek = l / 2mv2=l / 2 x (22 x 960) x 42= 168960 JForce due to kinetic energy = Kinetic energy / insertion depth per bucket = 168960 / 0.5 = 337920 NTotal force applied by 22 loaded buckets in stack = 206976 + 337920 = = 544896 N544896 N, which is greater than force required to insertion 428192 N

[0133] So, Force in dynamic stack > Thrust force on stack including valve friction, it means insertion easily possible.

[0134] Since this force is available each time a bucket enters (and the stack remains in uniform motion), it is not spread across multiple insertions but effectively applied per insertion due to conservation of momentum and energy.

[0135] Gate Pressure Management:

[0136] Flow Dynamics: Increased stack speed can raise pressure below the gate, but this pressure is reduced by controlling the water’s upward flow speed — similar to reducing pressure at the base of a V-shaped water flow by splitting the outflow into two equal pipes.

[0137] Gate Pressure Reduction: Lower water exit speed reduces pressure at the lowest point, helping manage pressure below the gate.

[0138] Buoyancy Effect: With 1067 empty buckets in the water, the overall water weight is reduced, lowering the pressure at gate.

[0139] Entry Impact: As a result, the dynamic pressure (8,000 Pa) during bucket entry becomes negligible.

[0140] Power to Insert Buckets Against Water Pressure:Static Pressure at 98.5 m = rho. G. h = 1000 x 9.8 x 98.5 = 965,300 PaDynamic pressure due to metal balls lifting at 1 m / s speed = i x density x v2=1 / 2x 7800 x l x 1 = 3900 PaTotal pressure at entry gate = 965300 + 3900 = 969200 PaBucket volume: 0.221 m3Volume flow rate: 8 x 0.221 = 1.768 m3 / sPower: pressure x flow rate = 969200 x 1.768 = 1.713 MW.

[0141] When inserting 8 loaded buckets per second is possible, then water column gets 1.713 MW power. This power is divided into water in two parts; one used for metal lifting (0.876 MW) and other used for empty buckets lifting (0.837 MW).

[0142] Metal Balls Lifting (13 m by Water Pressure):Mass of balls per bucket: 860 kg.Mass flow rate: 8 x 860 = 6880 kg / sPower to lift 13 m: 6880 x 9.8 x 13 = 876512 J / s = 0.876 MW (by water pressure).

[0143] Floating Buckets Lifting:Number of buckets in water: 100 m = 0.75 m / s = 133.33 s, 8 buckets / s x 133.33= 1067 buckets.Buoyant force per bucket (empty): Assume bucket displaces 0.1103 m3of water, mass displaced = 0.1103 x 1000 = 110.3 kgNet buoyant force: (110 - 100) x 9.8 = 98 NPower from buoyancy: 1067 x 98 x 0.5 = 78400 J / s= 0.0784MWFloating buckets energy is not use in recycle in system but it goes to generator.

[0144] Lifting 1067 buckets in water use 0.078 MW for buoyancy. But power 0.837 MW entered in water for floating buckets, then where go rest power. Rest power use in insertion power as every entered bucket has 4 m / s speed just below gate, try to make an empty space for next entering bucket. Entered submerge bucket below gate is under free fall of gravity, so, speed of bucket and free fall below gate, exert a pulling force on water located around gate. By this effect gate height reduce. This is like a ship in sea pulling around water just after sink. Pushing pulley below gate give a horizontal direction to entered submerge speedy buckets, provide help in making space below gate. Therefore, all kinetic energy of entered buckets used in making space and avoiding drag force in every second. This effectcan exist only in dynamic system.

[0145] So, on entry gate, pushing and pulling force are co-exist at a time. By this effect gate height reduce and number of loaded buckets in stack become less. When height of stack reduces, then pumping work also reduce and save pumping energy. Save pumping energy is save input.

[0146] In initial, pumping input and generator output are almost same, if system run on very less speed, let 0.2 m / s, then input of pumping and output of generator are same. As speed increase, system becomes self-sustain by using own energy as input and pump working become only a trigger to maintain motion.

[0147] Pumping power: (lifting mass from top of metal column to horizontal disk)

[0148] Mass lifting (m) = 6880 kg / sec, Lift height (h) = 1 meter

[0149] Here a central rotating bowl on horizontal disk holds the steel balls.

[0150] Pipes or chutes extend from the bowl radially to the circumference.

[0151] Buckets are mounted on a horizontal rotating disk along circumference,

[0152] The bowl, pipes, funnels, and buckets are all rotating together at 6 m / s using external power (a motor or drive system).

[0153] The balls inside the central rotating bowl are already moving in the rotating reference frame of the disk.

[0154] When they flow through the pipes to the edge, they inherit the same 6 m / s horizontal velocity as the disk (like passengers walking inside a moving train).

[0155] So, no extra kinetic energy needs to be added to accelerate them horizontally — the rotating system already provides the horizontal motion.

[0156] So, only need to provide energy for vertical lifting (gravitational potential energy):P = m-g-h = 6880-9.81-1= 67.4 kW

[0157] Motors for rotating horizontal disk usually small (0.5 HP or less) but may be duplicated. P-feed ~ 2kW

[0158] Total power in pumping and feeding metal balls into buckets is about 0.069 MW. (This is triggering power to maintain motion).

[0159] Output Power Gain on Generator:

[0160] Since floating buckets fall from 100 meter from top of water column in air, then their energy also divides in two parts, one part of energy falls 85 meter goes to generator and rest 15-meter fall after rim pulleys to ground via channel-8, circular disk, gate stack and below gate distance. In 85-meter buckets are 170, each of 100 kg mass moving down with4 m / s speed in air produce force 170 x 100 x 9.8 = 166600 Newton. By this force generator generate power 166600 x 4 = 666400 watt = 0.67 MW, energy of rest 15 -meter fall of buckets we have already count in gate stack insertion.

[0161] Since system gain external input by pump and produces power goes to generator for real world, it means it is not a closed system, so, it is not a perpetual machine.

[0162] Conservation of Energy is Not Violated

[0163] The external power output (-0.67 MW) does not come from the small pump input (0.069 MW) alone.

[0164] It comes from the gravitational potential energy of falling heavy buckets — which is continuously reset using:Buoyant lift (powered by water pressure), Internal mechanical recycling (stack motion), And a small pump to trigger motion (but not to supply all energy).

[0165] Concept is technically feasible under conservation laws, because the large energy output is not coming from the small pump alone — it is powered by recycled gravitational energy through clever dynamics, internal balance, and buoyancy.

[0166] In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, a gravity and buoyancy-based renewable energy generation system (100) is disclosed. The system (100) comprises a plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water columns (102), arranged in two parallel rows to minimize construction volume and reduce material costs. Each column in the first row shares a side wall with its adjacent column and a back wall with the corresponding column in the second row, forming an interconnected and structurally efficient layout.

[0167] Each J-shaped water column (102) houses a plurality of steel buckets (104), specifically shaped to optimize hydrodynamic and gravitational performance. These steel buckets (104) are configured to carry one or more high-density materials such as spherical balls or mild steel blocks. The bucket profile is tailored to maximize descent efficiency and floatation behavior during return via buoyancy.

[0168] A mechanical filling and transfer system (106) is provided, comprising a horizontal rotating circular disk (112) and a straight transfer channel (112). The system (106) functions to load high-density material into the steel buckets (104). In one configuration, the horizontal circular disk (112) collects lifted material into a central bowl and dispenses it through radial arms into buckets distributed around its perimeter. In another configuration, the straight transfer channel (112) conveys empty buckets from the rimpulleys of one water column directly to the gate stack (108) of an adjacent column for refilling.

[0169] The gate stack (108) is disposed at the lower curved section of each J-shaped water column (102). It is angularly inclined and configured to support a descending queue of loaded steel buckets (104). This inclined orientation promotes smooth gravitational descent into the vertical limb of the column. A revolving brake mechanism at the lateral end of the gate stack (108) regulates bucket motion and imparts initial rotational momentum during startup. The introduction of a revolving brake mechanism on the gate stack buckets represents a novel advancement over prior art. This feature is designed to prevent premature entry of the buckets into the water and to initiate the required motion for material pick-up, thereby enhancing operational control and timing.

[0170] Positioned above lower end of each water column is an air pipe containing a vertically stacked arrangement of empty buckets. These are guided into a pulley region for descent using a rim pulley system. Internal bearings mounted along the wall of the air pipe maintain vertical alignment and minimize friction. Within pipe, any bearing change or repair is typical, so bearings are mounted on external vertical plates and enter in air pipe by small cut in wall of air pipe. Minimum three plates are mounted on pipe at equal distance of pipe diameter that support each bucket from three sides. The lowest bucket supports the weight of the descending stack, which drives a generator (114) via the pulley system for rotational energy conversion.

[0171] The system (100) also incorporates at least one vertical lifting column (110), adjacent to the lower end of the water column (102). This column (110) functions to elevate high-density material using water pressure derived from the main water column. The lifting column (110) may operate in different modes depending on the type of material being conveyed.

[0172] In a first mode, metal balls are elevated using a vertical pipe-like structure ranging from 11 to 15 meters in height and 0.8 to 1.2 meters in diameter. A perforated steel plate is positioned within the lower section, with a movable secondary plate aligned above it. Selective alignment of the perforated regions permits regulated upward movement of metal balls. A flexible bottom piston and conical guide structure enhance directional control and minimize turbulence.

[0173] In a second mode, flat circular metal blocks are stacked vertically and lifted using hydrostatic force. An insertion mechanism including a circular flexible valve (202) (see Figure 23) introduces blocks from the base of the lifting column. To facilitatecontinuous flow, blocks are queued on smooth tracks at the column base. They are incrementally inserted into wall-mounted openings equipped with flexible valves (202), allowing water pressure to push blocks upward without leakage.

[0174] To complete the lifting operation, a side-thrust mechanism transfers block momentum from a horizontal to vertical trajectory. At the top of the inclined lifting path, industrial elevators convey each block to the bucket-loading zone at a height of approximately 13 meters, where the mechanical filling system (106) incorporates them into active buckets.

[0175] Robotic arms are installed at the top of each water column (102), configured to operate along a vertical circular arc. These arms receive floated buckets from an inclined conveyor and place them onto the empty bucket stack. A floating reservoir positioned near the top houses a fixed number of bottom -up empty buckets, ensuring consistent circulation. Each opposite arms connect to a spring located near central axis that pull these opposite arms, make space between arms less than buckets diameter. When arms are empty (without buckets), a curved external plate located between opposite arms, strike with extended end of arms to increase distance between opposite arms and when arms grip buckets, then extended end leave the curved plate. In this way mechanically arms grip and leave buckets without electronics.

[0176] Additionally, the system (100) may comprise a horizontal cylinder-based lifting mechanism in which forward-propelled cylinders containing metal balls travel through steel conduits, passing through multiple water columns. These are powered by water pressure and coordinated with a vertical conveyor belt for feeding the filling stage. This is advancement in cylinder system used in previous patent (Indian Patent No 529459).

[0177] The integrated architecture allows each subsystem — including bucket loading, lifting columns, transfer channels, rim pulleys, and generator systems — to operate cyclically and harmoniously, thereby sustaining net-positive electrical output. The invention provides a scalable, terrain-independent energy solution by exploiting the interplay between gravitational potential and buoyancy-driven recovery.

[0178] The invention incorporates several advancements to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve operational reliability. The system employs multiple J-shaped water columns arranged in two parallel rows, with each column in a row sharing a 0.25-meter- thick wall with its neighbour and the back wall with the corresponding column in the adjacent row, significantly reducing construction volume and costs, (as illustrated in Figure 1).

[0179] To optimize material use, lead-steel balls have been replaced with mild steel balls, which are more cost-effective and easier to manufacture. In cases where handling metal balls for filling moving buckets proves challenging, one or two mild steel plates are used per bucket instead, simplifying the process, (as illustrated in Figure 5).

[0180] The previous vertical gate stack has been redesigned as a 30-degree inclined channel extending from the horizontal disk to the gate at the lower end of the water column. Loaded buckets, oriented with their open ends upward, travel along this channel at 4 m / s, striking the gate at a 30-degree angle to minimize water drag. This inclined configuration addresses difficulties in gripping buckets ejected from the horizontal disk at 6 m / s, as vertical rotating arms struggle to manage sharp turns without spilling loose materials like metal balls. The inclined channel ensures buckets stack sequentially, preventing spillage by maintaining a slight upward tilt that leverages centrifugal force to keep materials pressed against the bucket’s base. Buckets transition from horizontal to slightly tilted motion just before stacking, achieved either by striking the inclined channel or through smooth placement by vertical rotating arms. This modification maintains the same drawing as the previous improvement point 8 but alters the operational mechanism, (as illustrated in Figure 9).

[0181] A 13 -meter-high vertical column, either a 1 x 1 -meter square pipe or a 1 -meter diameter cylindrical pipe, lifts high-density metal balls (7.8 g / cm3) using pressure from a 100-meter water column, balancing at approximately 100 / 7.8 - 13 meters. The system operates in two modes: In the metal balls mode, a perforated steel plate at 12.5 meters, paired with a movable secondary plate, selectively allows balls to pass when holes align, driven by water pressure. A flexible piston at the base accommodates pressure changes, and conical shapes under solid plate sections guide balls to holes. Two columns alternate to ensure continuous filling. In the solid block mode, approximately 47 circular blocks (860 kg each, 0.28 meters high, with curved edges) are stacked in the column, lifted by water pressure through a flexible valve preventing water entry. As the top block exits, the remaining 46 rise, and a new block is inserted via a track and mechanical arms, with steel rods reducing friction. Blocks are transferred to a 1.5 -meter bucket elevator (69 kW) for delivery to a rotating disk. The valve, designed for 10-bar pressure, uses EPDM or HNBR elastomer, nylon / Kevlar mesh, and PTFE or polyurethane coating for a 10-15-year lifespan, (as illustrated in Figure 14 and Figure 15).

[0182] An alternative method lifts metal blocks through multiple round holes with flexible valves at the water column’s base. Blocks, queued on a smooth track by mechanicalarms, pass through valves under water pressure onto a 20-meter, 45-degree inclined track with bearings, reaching 13 meters. The lift is counterbalanced by the 100-meter water column, allowing up to 8 blocks per second with multiple holes reducing valve pressure, (as illustrated in Figure 23).

[0183] Another approach replaces the backward-forward cylinder motion with a single forward motion through a 1 km-long, 1 -meter diameter steel pipe traversing all J-shaped columns. Cylinders on bearings, filled with metal balls, move forward under water pressure. At the exit, a 13-meter vertical conveyor belt lifts balls to a basket, which a pump transfers to a horizontal disk for bucket filling, with cylinders following an elliptical path through the columns, (as illustrated in Figure 16). The cylinders are configured to traverse exclusively in a forward direction within respective water columns, following a substantially elliptical or elliptical -like trajectory.

[0184] A horizontal circular disk increases filling time by simultaneously loading multiple buckets. A lifting system deposits metal balls into a central bowl, distributed via arms or pipes to buckets on the disk’s perimeter, with a pump lifting balls 1 meter above the reservoir, akin to an LPG cylinder filling system, (as illustrated in Figure 13).

[0185] Between the disk and gate stack, a vertical circular escalator or industrial arms guides loaded buckets onto the inclined channel, gripping them with bearings or rotating fingers to maintain a slight upward tilt, preventing spillage via centrifugal force. The arms’ motion aligns with the disk via gears, and spacing can be adjusted by increasing rotation speed while maintaining 8 buckets per second, (as illustrated in Figure 10).

[0186] Vertical rotating robotic arms at the water column’s top operate between Channel-7 and a vertical pipe, moving at 4 m / s to transfer empty buckets from a bottom -up to a bottom-down orientation for stacking. Two curved arms support bucket pickup from Channel-7, which is 0.2 meters narrower than the bucket diameter, releasing before downward motion to avoid gate stack interference. The balanced weight minimizes power use, with motion aligned via gears, (as illustrated in Figure 11).

[0187] A reservoir at the column’s top holds 30 empty buckets circulating between steel rods. Eight buckets exit and enter per second via mechanical arms, which align buckets during the final 5 meters of ascent with minimal energy. Buckets move to Channel -7, an inclined conveyor that lifts them to drain water and forwards them to robotic arms, (as illustrated in Figure 12). In the present invention, a bucket reservoir is positioned between two steel rods at the upper end of the water column. This structural arrangement facilitates the operation of mechanical arms by providing an efficient and streamlined pathway fortransferring empty buckets from the water column to the air column.

[0188] Bearings inside the vertical pipe minimize friction, supporting buckets on three sides with equally spaced columns. Small cuts in the pipe wall allow bearings to partially sit inside, ensuring stable movement and make easy for change bearing, (as illustrated in Figure 17).

[0189] A revolving brake, installed via a pipe cut above the gate, halts the stack and aids startup, with rim pulleys at the generator also serving as brakes, (as illustrated in Figure 19).

[0190] Excess water pressure is managed by an automatic safety valve at the column’s base, with discharged water replenished by a pump. Underwater cameras monitor operations. (Figure 20) To service valves without draining the column, a steel plate partitions the water, allowing the lower section to be emptied, (as illustrated in Figure 20).

[0191] Damaged metal balls are separated via a magnetic field or a pulley-driven conveyor, where differing masses follow distinct trajectories, (as illustrated in Figure 21). In the present invention, a water partition plate is employed to separate the upper and lower sections of the water column. Additionally, a modified metal ball separator is introduced to address prior damage concerns, and underwater cameras are integrated to monitor and analyze internal motion dynamics within the system. An industrial bucket elevator lifts balls 0.5 meters to the column entry, using a hopper as a buffer for the run-and-stop cycle, ensuring smooth delivery, (as illustrated in Figure 22). Further, to prevent contact between empty floating buckets and the inner wall of the water column, a vertically mounted rod of small diameter may be installed along the wall. When a low-level current of approximately 2 kW is applied, the rod generates a paramagnetic effect that repels the mild steel buckets, thereby maintaining spatial separation and minimizing mechanical interference.

[0192] Figure 25 illustrates block track on foundation of water column, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the upper region of the water column, a base-mounted steel plate rotates clockwise about its central axis, actuated by a motor positioned below ground level. Metallic blocks, delivered via buckets, descend onto this rotating plate and are directed uniformly toward a fixed guide track. Upon exiting through a designated wall opening, the rotating plate advances the blocks, causing them to impact a curved upper pathway. This impact reorients the blocks from a downward-facing orientation to a lateral-facing configuration. Subsequently, the blocks are conveyed into a flexible valve assembly, where they are elevated by hydraulic pressure for further processing.

[0193] The rotating plate is modularly constructed from multiple subcomponents,enabling straightforward disassembly and removal through a compact access aperture located at the lower extremity of the water column.

[0194] To mitigate impact-related damage caused by metal blocks — each weighing approximately 860 kg, descending from a height of 0.5 meters at a velocity of 4 m / s — a protective layer is affixed to the steel plate. This layer comprises cast polyether-based polyurethane with a hardness rating of 90-95 Shore A and a thickness ranging from 25 to 40 mm, securely bonded to the steel substrate. This configuration ensures reliable performance over an estimated operational lifespan of 10 to 15 years.

[0195] For maintenance of the plate and associated components, it is necessary to evacuate water from the lower portion of the J-shaped water column. To avoid draining the entire column, a water separation mechanism is installed approximately 2 meters above the base. At this elevation, a fixed frame is mounted to the interior wall of each column. During servicing, a primary panel measuring 20 * 1 meters is inserted into the frame, followed by sequential addition of supplementary panels until the upper section is fully sealed. This partitioning isolates the lower section, allowing targeted drainage and facilitating efficient repair operations.

[0196] Towards this direction, the present invention introduces an engineered system wherein dense metal-loaded buckets descend under gravity through a vertical column of water, powering a mechanical generation unit, while emptied buckets return via buoyancy, robotic manipulation, and minimal powered guidance. This integration of controlled gravitational descent, buoyant recovery, and intelligent mechanical routing enables:• Scalable and modular energy generation with minimal environmental footprint.• Terrain-independent installation (can be built vertically on flat land).• Reduction in wall and civil construction costs via paired, shared-wall water columns.• Mechanical synchronization of energy capture from gravity with passive return systems via buoyancy and robotic routing.• Low external energy input relative to electrical output, due to energy recovery at multiple process stages (falling buckets, rim pulleys, bucket guidance systems, ball lifting via water pressure, etc.).

[0197] Therefore, the present invention creates a synergistic energy loop that adheres to known laws of physics but achieves a high energy return on minimal input through well- balanced cycles of mechanical and fluidic movement. The design does not claim perpetual motion but instead capitalizes on efficient energy transfer from gravitational potential to mechanical kinetic energy in a controlled and predictable system.

[0198] In an embodiment, given that each bucket has a diameter of 0.75 meters, arranging eight buckets horizontally spans a total length of 6 meters. To facilitate the entry and exit of eight buckets per second onto a rotating disk, the disk must achieve a linear velocity of 6 m / s. However, the gate mechanism is optimized for a bucket entry speed of 4 m / s.

[0199] To reconcile this speed discrepancy, buckets are elevated and then guided along a semi-circular upper path, counterbalanced by an equal number of buckets on the opposite side. With each bucket standing 0.5 meters tall, a vertical configuration accommodating eight buckets necessitates a height of approximately 4 meters.

[0200] Upon exiting this vertical trajectory, buckets descend at a velocity of 4 m / s and undergo a free fall of roughly 1 meter into the gate stack. This combination of descent speed and free fall generates kinetic energy, which can be utilized to assist in lifting metal balls or weighted blocks, thereby enhancing the system’s energy efficiency.

[0201] Once the system stabilizes at 4 m / s, the gravitational potential energy from a loaded bucket weighing 960 kg descending from the horizontal disk to the gate stack can be leveraged to elevate metal balls or blocks weighing 860 kg from the top of the metal column back to the horizontal disk. The system sustains this motion using a motor located at the escalator, which operates at just 2 kW — significantly reducing energy consumption from the initial 69 kW. In this configuration, the elevation and descent heights are approximately equal.

[0202] Furthermore, the gravity-buoyancy energy generation system described in the accompanying documentation introduces a groundbreaking method for renewable energy production, offering distinct advantages in terms of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. Its innovative design and operational principles set it apart from conventional technologies, underscoring its suitability for patent protection based on novelty, inventive step, and industrial applicability.

[0203] One of the system’s most compelling features is its remarkably low Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), calculated at ?0.652 / kWh — substantially lower than prevailing rates for solar and wind energy. This cost advantage stems from the efficient interplay ofgravity and buoyancy forces, minimal energy losses, and reduced operational and maintenance expenses. The integration of mechanical elements such as floating buckets, metal blocks, and water column dynamics, coupled with a generator efficiency of 90% and a net output of 0.5 MW per column, contributes to its superior energy conversion performance.

[0204] Unlike solar and wind systems, which are subject to diurnal and meteorological variability, this system ensures uninterrupted power generation around the clock. Operating continuously with a 90% capacity factor, it leverages the gravity -buoyancy cycle and water pressure to maintain a stable energy output, addressing a critical limitation in existing renewable technologies and enhancing grid reliability.

[0205] The system’s vertical configuration allows for a compact footprint, requiring only approximately 0.25 acres per megawatt — far less than the land demands of solar and wind installations. This space efficiency is achieved through the strategic arrangement of components such as vertical guide pipes and horizontal circular disks, making the system particularly advantageous for deployment in land-constrained environments.

[0206] Engineered for longevity, the system boasts an operational lifespan of 60 years, significantly exceeding that of solar and wind alternatives. The use of durable materials like galvanized steel buckets and corrosion-resistant coatings ensures resilience in wet and humid conditions, reducing lifecycle costs and enhancing long-term viability.

[0207] Grid integration is streamlined through proximity to existing substations, minimizing connection costs to ?2,00,000 per megawatt. This design feature eliminates the need for extensive transmission infrastructure, which is often required for remote solar and wind projects, thereby lowering deployment barriers and improving feasibility.

[0208] Scalability is another hallmark of the system. With a modular architecture comprising 100 columns for a 100 MW installation, it achieves efficient expansion with a capital expenditure of ?568 crore. The system delivers a robust return on investment of 27.23%, with a payback period of just 3.67 years at a tariff of ?2.00 / kWh, underscoring its commercial attractiveness.

[0209] Mechanically, the system incorporates a unique combination of components — including over a thousand floating buckets per column, metal blocks, robotic arms, rim pulleys, and pressure-sealing valves — that work in concert to harness gravitational and buoyant forces. The synchronized operation of robotic arms and the inclined frame for block lifting exemplify the inventive engineering that differentiates this system from traditional hydropower and mechanical energy solutions.

[0210] Environmentally, the system operates without fuel consumption or emissions, using water in a closed-loop configuration. Its compact design and independence from weather conditions further enhance its sustainability, positioning it as a clean and reliable alternative to fossil fuel-based and weather-dependent renewables.

[0211] Robust engineering ensures the system’s durability under demanding conditions. Components are treated with protective coatings and designed to withstand dynamic loads of up to 14.5 tons per column, in compliance with Indian structural standards. This attention to detail reinforces the system’s reliability and technical sophistication.

[0212] Finally, the system benefits from cost-effective fabrication strategies, including bulk production discounts and the use of locally sourced materials. Standard industrial components such as buckets, blocks, and generators are procured at competitive rates, contributing to the overall affordability and scalability of the technology.

[0213] In conclusion, the gravity-buoyancy energy generation system represents a transformative advancement in renewable energy. Its combination of low-cost, high- efficiency power generation, continuous operation, minimal land use, and exceptional durability distinguishes it from existing technologies. The system’s novel mechanical design, scalability, and environmental sustainability, along with its strong economic performance, collectively affirm its patentability and industrial relevance.

[0214] It should be noted that the description and figures merely illustrate the principles of the present subject matter. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present subject matter. It should also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that by devising various systems that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present subject matter and are included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples recited herein are principally intended expressly to be for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the present subject matter and the concepts contributed by the inventor(s) to furthering the art and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the present subject matter, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the above-mentioned description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures.

[0215] Although embodiments for the present subject matter have been described inlanguage specific to package features, it is to be understood that the present subject matter is not necessarily limited to the specific features described. Rather, the specific features and methods are disclosed as embodiments for the present subject matter. Numerous modifications and adaptations of the system / device of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and thus it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such modifications and adaptations which fall within the scope of the present subject matter.

[0216] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and / or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances, where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not belimited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”

[0217] It will be further appreciated that functions or structures of a plurality of components or steps may be combined into a single component or step, or the functions or structures of one-step or component may be split among plural steps or components. The present invention contemplates all these combinations. Unless stated otherwise, dimensions and geometries of the various structures depicted herein are not intended to be restrictive of the invention, and other dimensions or geometries are possible. In addition, while a feature of the present invention may have been described in the context of only one of the illustrated embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of other embodiments, for any given application. It will also be appreciated from the above that the fabrication of the unique structures herein and the operation thereof also constitute methods in accordance with the present invention. The present invention also encompasses intermediate and end products resulting from the practice of the methods herein. The use of “comprising” or “including” also contemplates embodiments that “consist essentially of’ or “consist of’ the recited feature.List of Reference Numerals:1. Water column2. Bucket3. Rim type pulley4. Vertical pipe with inner bearing or rods5. Inclined channel on gate with valve6. Mechanical Arms7. Upper channel8. Lower channel9. Metal balls collector / industrial buckets elevator10. Shaft11. Gear box12. Alternator13. External load14. Curved bottom15. Metal balls16. Pushing Pulley17. Metal balls column18. Buckets reservoir19. Rotating circular robotic arms20. Circular horizontal disk21. Rotating circular arms-222. Parallel rods track24. Pressure relief valve25. Steel partition plate26. Revolving brake27. Circular or cuboid mild steel block28. Conveyor belt102. J-shaped water columns104. Bucket106. Mechanical filling and transfer system108. Gate stack110. Vertical lifting column112. Straight transfer channel114. Generator202. Circular flexible valve

Claims

We claim:

1. A gravity and buoyancy-based renewable energy generation system (100), the system (100) comprising:(a) a plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped empty columns containing water or low density liquid (102) configured to transport other low and high-density materials, wherein the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water columns (102) are arranged in two parallel rows, with each water column in a first row sharing a side wall with an adjacent water column in the same row and sharing a back wall with a corresponding water column in the second row, thereby reducing construction volume and material costs;(b) a plurality of steel buckets (104) present in the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column (102), wherein the plurality of steel buckets (104) are having desired internal shape (104) and are configured to carry one or more high-density material;(c) a mechanical filling and transfer system (106) comprising of a horizontal circular disk and a straight transfer channel (112), wherein the mechanical filling and transfer system (106) is configured to load the plurality of steel buckets (104) with said high-density material;(d) a gate stack (108) positioned at each lower end of the plurality of vertically oriented J- shaped water columns (102), wherein the gate stack (108) is angularly inclined and is configured to house the plurality of steel buckets (104) loaded with said high density material and further allow gravitational descent of the loaded buckets through the water columns (102);(e) a vertically stacked arrangement of said empty buckets forming a vertical stack in air pipe positioned above a rim pulley located above the first lower end of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water columns (102) such that said buckets are being descended to the gate stack (108); and(f)) at least one vertical lifting column (110) positioned adjacent towards lower end to the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column (102), wherein the at least one vertical lifting column (110) is configured to elevate the one or more high-density material from a lower elevation to a higher elevation taking high-density material from bottom of the J-shaped water column (102), and wherein the at least one vertical lifting column (110) elevates the one or more high density material by using water pressure from the plurality of vertically oriented J- shaped water column (102).

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straight transfer channel (112) is positioned between each of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column (102), with the straight transfer channel (112) being configured to convey empty buckets from the rim pulleys of one water column to the gate stack of an adjacent water column of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column (102) for refilling with high-density materials, without the use of a horizontal circular disk.

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high density material may include but is not limited to spherical balls, mild steel flat circular block and like materials thereby improving manufacturability and reducing costs.

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one vertical lifting column (110) comprises of a pipe like structure configured to lift high-density material using the pressure from the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column (102).

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein height of the pipe like structure ranges from 11 metres to 15 metres, and wherein cross-sectional diameter of the pipe like structure ranges from 0.8 metre to 1.2 metre.

6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one vertical lifting column (110) is configured to be operated in a metal ball mode, with the at least one vertical lifting column (110) comprising a perforated steel plate and a movable secondary plate disposed at lower end side, configured to selectively allow passage of metal balls based on alignment of the perforated steel plate and the movable secondary plate.

7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the at least one vertical lifting column (110) comprises of a flexible bottom piston and a conical guide structure to direct balls to aligned openings of the at least one vertical lifting column (110).

8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one vertical lifting column (110) is configured to be operated in a solid block mode, with flat circular metal blocks being stacked and configured to be lifted along upward direction by water pressure from the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column (102).

9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the at least one vertical column (110) comprises of an insertion mechanism including circular flexible valve (202) to insert said blocks at the base of the at least one vertical column.

10. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) comprises of a horizontally oriented cylinder system lifting mechanism, wherein a series of forward-moving cylinders travel within a steel top open pipe passing through multiple water columns, with each cylinder comprising metal balls and propelled by water pressure, with an associated vertical conveyor belt lifting metal balls to the bucket-filling stage.

11. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein flat circular metal blocks are arranged in a queue on a smooth track at the base of each of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column (102) and sequentially inserted into wall holes equipped with circular flexible valves (202), wherein said valves (202) operate to allow water pressure to push blocks into a vertical lifting channel without water passing.

12. The system (100) as claimed in claim 11, wherein a side-thrust transfer mechanism engages the lowest block in the inclined stack to transfer the thrust from the horizontal direction to vertical lifting force, and wherein industrial elevators transfer blocks from top of inclined channel exit block at a height of approximately 13 meters to the bucket-filling location.

13. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) comprises of a horizontal rotating circular disk (112) configured to distribute high-density material to multiple buckets simultaneously, and wherein the horizontal rotating circular disk (112) comprises of a central bowl configured to receive lifted material and dispense it through multiple arms in order to fill moving buckets disposed around the perimeter of the horizontal rotating circular disk (112).

14. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a vertical rotating circular escalator positioned in vicinity of the gate stack (108), with the rotating circular escalator being configured to transfer loaded buckets from the horizontal rotating circular disk (112) to a gate stack (108), and wherein the rotating circular escalator comprises opposing arms in order to grip the plurality of steel buckets (104) from both sides using rotating contact elements to maintain orientation and maintain required tilting to prevent loose material spillage during transfer and wherein each opposite arms connect to a spring located near central axis that pull these opposite arms, make space between arms less than buckets diameter and when arms are empty (without buckets), a curved external fixed plate located between opposite arms, strike with extended end (with bearing) of arms to increase distance between opposite arms and when arms grip buckets, then extended end leave the curved plate, mechanically work arms grip and leave buckets, without electronics.

15. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) comprises of a robotic arm system disposed at the top of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column (102), with the robotic arm being configured to operate along a vertical circular path to receive empty buckets from an inclined plane conveyor and place them onto an empty bucket stack in a vertical pipe.

16. The system (100) as claimed in claim 15, wherein there is provided a floating reservoir positioned at the top of the plurality of vertically oriented J-shaped water column (102), wherein the floating reservoir is configured to house a predefined number of empty buckets along a circular path upon receipt of same from the robotic arm system operated in water at top of water column.

17. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein walls of each of the plurality of vertically oriented air pipe located parallel to the plurality of vertically oriented air pipe located to J- shaped water column (102) comprises of internal bearings configured to reduce friction and maintain vertical alignment of the empty bucket stack, with the lowest bucket in the stack supporting the weight of the entire column entering in a pulley system being operably connected to a generator (114) for converting the downward motion of empty buckets into rotational energy.

18. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) comprises of a revolving brake mechanism disposed at each lateral end of lower section of the gate stack (108), wherein the revolving brake mechanism is configured to control motion of the descending bucket stack and facilitate startup by imparting initial rotational speed.

19. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the at least one vertical lifting column (110) is configured to guide stack of empty buckets into a region containing a pulley system, said pulley system being operably connected to a generator for converting the downward motion of empty buckets into rotational energy.

20. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the upper region of the water column, a base-mounted steel plate with desire coating rotates clockwise about its central axis, actuated by a motor positioned below ground level, where metallic blocks, delivered via buckets, descend onto this rotating plate and are directed uniformly toward a fixed guide track where the rotating plate advances the blocks, causing them to impact a curved upper pathway to reorients the blocks from a downward-facing orientation to a lateral -facing configuration toconvey the blocks into a flexible valve assembly, where they are elevated by hydraulic pressure for further processing.

21. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a steel plate position at lower section of water column used to water partition as door closer between lower and upper section of water column.

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