Artificial intelligence functionality or model identification for initial access
By identifying and predicting channel characteristics using AI/ML models before RRC connection, the UE enhances beam prediction during initial access, improving efficiency and performance in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/100026
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
AI Technical Summary
In wireless communication systems, user equipment (UE) lacks access to appropriate artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) models for beam prediction during initial access, leading to inefficiencies and degraded performance due to mismatched models and limited network node capability information.
The UE identifies and predicts channel characteristics using AI/ML models associated with network-side conditions before establishing a radio resource control (RRC) connection, enabling AI/ML-based beam prediction during initial access.
This approach reduces overhead, latency, and increases beam selection accuracy, throughput, and reliability by allowing the UE to select the most suitable communication beam prior to completing initial access.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024100026_26122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FUNCTIONALITY OR MODEL IDENTIFICATION FOR INITIAL ACCESS
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for artificial intelligence functionality or model identification for initial access.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.SUMMARY
[0005] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) includes one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to: identify, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first cell, one or more associated identifiers (IDs) ; predict one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an artificial intelligence (AI) and / or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell; and communicate, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources.
[0006] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a UE includes identifying, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing an RRC connection with the first cell, one or more associated IDs; predicting one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell; and communicating, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources.
[0007] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: identify, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing an RRC connection with the first cell, one or more associated IDs; predict one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell; and communicate, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources.
[0008] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for identifying, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing an RRC connection with the first cell, one or more associated IDs; means for predicting one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell; and means for communicating, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources.
[0009] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.
[0010] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0012] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0013] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) -based beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] Fig. 6 is a diagram of an example associated with a process for AI / ML identification for initial access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of signaling and information for identifying one or more associated identifiers (IDs) before or during an initial access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example including aspects of a two-step random access procedure and a four-step random access procedure that supports associated ID identification and beam prediction during or before completion of initial access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture of a functional framework for radio access network (RAN) intelligence enabled by data collection, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0024] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0025] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., including 5G New Radio (NR) systems) , a user equipment (UE) may perform a one or more procedures for establishing a communications link with a network node operating as part of a wireless communication network. For example, the UE may communicate a series of messages with the network node to establish access to the network. In some examples, establishing access to the network may be referred to as initial access. In some examples, the UE may perform a random access procedure to establish access with the network (e.g., to establish a communication connection) . In some examples the random access procedure may also be referred to as a random access channel (RACH) procedure. The UE may perform a RACH procedure including a four-step random access procedure or a two-step random access procedure.
[0026] As part of a four-step RACH procedure, the UE may transmit, and the network node may receive, a first message (Msg1) via a physical random access channel (PRACH) . Msg1 may include a physical PRACH preamble. The UE may receive, and the network node may transmit, a second message (Msg2) via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based on transmitting the Msg1. The Msg 2 may include a random access response (RAR) that schedules a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. The UE may transmit, and the network node may receive, a third message (Msg3) including the PUSCH transmission. The UE may receive, and the network node may transmit, a fourth message (Msg4) that includes a contention resolution message via the PDCCH or PDSCH.
[0027] As part of a two-step RACH procedure, the UE may transmit, and the network node may receive, a first message (MsgA) including a PRACH preamble and content similar to the content of Msg3 of the four-step RACH procedure. The MsgA transmission may include two transmissions. For example, a first transmission may include a PRACH preamble via the PRACH, and may include timing information for uplink transmissions (e.g., timing information that enables the network node to set timing advance parameters) . A second transmission may include the remaining content of MsgA. For example, the MsgA transmission may additionally include a payload (e.g., a data payload) via the PUSCH that includes at least the Msg3 contents. In some examples, the UE may transmit, and the network node may receive, a second message (MsgB) including content similar to the contents of Msg2 and Msg4 of the four-step RACH procedure.
[0028] In some examples, initial access procedures may be enhanced via artificial intelligence and / or machine learning (AI / ML) techniques, such as AI / ML supported beam prediction. For example, an AI / ML model and / or AI / ML functionality may use resources (e.g., resources related to beam management) for beam prediction in the time and / or spatial domain to predict a set of communication beams for communications in a connected mode (e.g., after initial access) which may reduce overhead and latency, and / or increase beam selection accuracy, among other examples.
[0029] In some examples, initial access may be integrated with AI / ML-based UE-side beam prediction. For example, the UE may identify network assistance information for UE-side beam prediction during initial access before transmitting Msg1 / MsgA during the initial access procedure. The network node may transmit the network assistance information via one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) including primary synchronization signal (PSS) / secondary synchronization signal (SSS) (PSS / SSS) sequences, the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) / master information block (MIB) (PBCH / MIB) , or remaining system information (RMSI) . In other examples, the UE may transmit UE-side beam prediction results in Msg1 / MsgA, or may indicate one or more UE capabilities for UE-side beam prediction in Msg1 / MsgA. Related reporting methods and / or conditions can be based on one or more wireless communication standards definitions (e.g., such as those defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ) and / or configured via system information. In some examples, the UE may receive additional or initial network assistance information or requests related to UE-side beam prediction in Msg2 / MsgB. Based on such requests in Msg2 / MsgB, the UE may transmit initial or additional beam prediction results in Msg3 or uplink messages transmitted after MsgB. In some examples, the UE may perform beam prediction by predicting channel characteristics for at least one of the one or more SSBs based on measuring channel characteristics for a subset of the one or more SSBs.
[0030] AI / ML-based beam prediction may be useful for initial access procedures. However, the UE may not have access to identify an AI / ML model and / or AI / ML functionality (e.g., via an associated identifier (ID) that may be representative of network-side additional conditions related to UE assumptions associated with AI / ML model and / or functionality life cycle management (e.g., data collection, training, deployment, inference, performance monitoring, activation, deactivation, and / or switching of an AI / ML model and / or functionality) ) prior to initial access and thus may not have access to a same AI / ML model as the network node for beam prediction. For example, the UE may receive radio resource control (RRC) information including an associated ID after completion of initial access. For example, the UE may lack information regarding which AI / ML model and / or AI / ML functionality to use during initial access without RRC information. Therefore, the UE may use an incorrect or inaccurate model (e.g., a model that is inappropriate for conditions at the UE, and / or a model that is different than or does not correspond to a model used by the network node, among other examples) (e.g., based on an outdated or incorrect associated ID) which may lead to inefficiencies or degraded performance, such as mismatched beam prediction results at the UE and the network node. In some examples, the UE may not use AI / ML model and / or AI / ML functionality techniques during an initial access procedure, which may result in degraded performance for the initial access procedure as compared to a performance of an initial access procedure that is aided by AI / ML-based beam prediction. Additionally, the network node may have limited capability information for the UE before initial access. Different UEs may have different capabilities which increases the difficulty associated with the network node indicating which AI / ML model and / or AI / ML functionality the UE is configured to support during initial access procedures.
[0031] Various aspects relate generally to AI / ML model and / or functionality identification for initial access. Some aspects relate to mechanisms for the identification of an associated ID for an AI / ML model and / or for an AI / ML functionality prior to completing initial access. The identification of the associated ID may enable UE-side AI / ML-based beam prediction during initial access. Some aspects more specifically relate to a UE identifying or inferring an associated ID based on various aspects of an initial access procedure. Some aspects more specifically relate to a UE identifying, inferring, or predicting, using an AI / ML model and / or an AI / ML functionality associated with the associated ID, channel characteristics for a first quantity of SSBs (e.g., associated with a first cell) using measurements for a second quantity of SSBs (e.g., associated with the first or a second cell) . For example, the first quantity of SSBs may be detectable by the UE and / or may be a quantity of virtual resources (e.g., resources that are unmeasurable or undetectable by the UE) and the second quantity of SSBs may be detectable by the UE. For example, in some aspects, the UE may identify, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing an RRC connection with the first cell, one or more associated IDs. In some aspects, the UE may predict channel characteristics for a first set of one or more SSBs using at least one of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML functionality associated at least one of the one or more AI / ML identifiers. In some aspects, predicting the channel characteristics may be associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more SSBs associated with a second cell. In some aspects, the UE may communicate, based on the predicted channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of SSBs. The UE may predict channel characteristics of a first quantity of SSBs based on measurements associated with a second quantity of SSBs using the AI / ML model and / or functionality.
[0032] Some aspects more specifically relate to different methods for identifying the one or more AI / ML associated IDs prior to establishing a connection with the network. For example, the UE may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers from a list of AI / ML identifiers stored by the UE. In some aspects, the UE may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers based on, according to, or otherwise associated with a location of the UE (e.g., a geographical location of the UE may be associated with a subset of associated IDs of a set of associated IDs that are stored by the UE) . In some aspects, the UE may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers by receiving PSS / SSS (e.g., the UE may identify an associated ID (s) according to a PSS / SSS sequence ID that is reserved for indicating the associated ID) . In some aspects, the UE may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers by receiving PBCH and / or an MIB (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) scrambling sequence associated with the PBCH may indicate the associated ID (s) , specific bits in an MIB may indicate the associated ID (s) ) . In some aspects, the UE may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers by receiving system information scheduled by PDCCH (e.g., the UE may identify the associated ID (s) according to an RMSI or a payload of system information) . In some examples, the UE may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers via one or more RACH messages (e.g., the UE may transmit capability information in Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA, the UE may receive an indication of an associated ID (s) in Msg2, Msg4, or MsgB) . In some examples, the UE may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers according to a time and / or frequency pattern of the measured second set of SSBs.
[0033] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some aspects, by identifying the AI / ML associated ID prior to the completion of an initial access procedure, the described techniques can be used to enable the UE to perform AI / ML-based beam prediction prior to completing initial access. The UE performing AI / ML-based beam prediction prior to completing initial access may reduce overhead and latency, and / or increase beam selection accuracy, among other examples, for initial access procedures. In some aspects, by predicting one or more channel characteristics for the first set of SSBs using the AI / ML model and / or functionality, the described techniques may be used to reduce UE power consumption by predicting channel characteristics rather than measuring channel characteristics for each SSB and may be used to reduce latency during initial access because prediction of channel characteristics may be quicker than the measurement of each SSB and may be used to increase flexibility by enabling the prediction of channel characteristics for virtual SSBs or SSBs in connection with a different cell. In some aspects, by communicating in accordance with the one or more predicted channel characteristics, the described techniques may increase throughput and reliability of communications in comparison to communications performed without beam prediction through an earlier (e.g., pre-completion of initial access) selection of a most-suitable communication beam. Additionally, by communicating in accordance with the one or more predicted channel characteristics, the described techniques may conserve processing overhead, signaling overhead, latency, and / or power that would have otherwise been consumed in association with the UE and / or network node performing one or more beam refinement procedures after initial access (e.g., without the information obtained via the AI / ML beam prediction performed by the UE prior to completing initial access) .
[0034] In some aspects, by identifying the one or more associated IDs prior to establishing a connection with a network node, the UE may reduce overhead and may conserve power that would otherwise be used to receive additional signaling indicating the associated ID. In some aspects, by configuring multiple mechanisms for identifying the one or more AI / ML associated IDs prior to establishing a connection with the network, the UE may identify a plurality of associated IDs via a first message or mechanism such as a location of the UE and may down-select from a plurality of associated IDs using a second message or mechanism such as the PSS / SSS sequence. In some aspects, by down-selecting from the plurality of associated IDs, the described techniques may provide for increased flexibility in regard to implementing a most appropriate AI / ML model and / or functionality by enabling the UE to select an AI / ML model or functionality in accordance with the capabilities of the UE or in accordance with one or more conditions (e.g., geographical location, channel quality, AI / ML model availability) at the UE and in coordination with the network node.
[0035] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the 3GPP. 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0036] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or AI / ML, among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0037] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0038] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0039] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0040] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0041] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0042] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0043] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as RRC functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, PRACH extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0044] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0045] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0046] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0047] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more PDCCHs, and downlink data channels may include one or more PDSCHs. Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more PUSCHs. The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0048] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0049] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0050] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0051] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0052] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0053] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory or read-only memory, or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0054] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0055] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0056] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an uplink (UL) communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a downlink (DL) communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0057] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0058] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0059] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may identify, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing an RRC connection with the first cell, one or more associated IDs; predict one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell; and communicate, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0060] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0061] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0062] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, and / or a scheduler 246, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0063] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0064] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0065] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a DMRS, or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a PSS or an SSS) .
[0066] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0067] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0068] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0069] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0070] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to- digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0071] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0072] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0073] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0074] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0075] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0076] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0077] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0078] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0079] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0080] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0081] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0082] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300, in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0083] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0084] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0085] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0086] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0087] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0088] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with artificial intelligence functionality or model identification for initial access, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1000 of Fig. 10, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1000 of Fig. 10, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0089] In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for identifying, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing an RRC connection with the first cell, one or more associated IDs; means for predicting one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell; and / or means for communicating, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources. The means for the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0090] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0091] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, downlink channels and downlink reference signals may carry information from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and uplink channels and uplink reference signals may carry information from a UE 120 to a network node 110.
[0092] As shown, a downlink channel may include a PDCCH that carries DCI, a PDSCH that carries downlink data, or a PBCH that carries system information, among other examples. In some aspects, PDSCH communications may be scheduled by PDCCH communications. As further shown, an uplink channel may include a PUCCH that carries UCI, a PUSCH that carries uplink data, or a PRACH used for initial network access, among other examples. In some aspects, the UE 120 may transmit acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedback (e.g., ACK / NACK feedback or ACK / NACK information) in UCI on the PUCCH and / or the PUSCH.
[0093] As further shown, a downlink reference signal may include an SSB, a CSI-RS, a DMRS, a positioning reference signal (PRS) , or a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , among other examples. As also shown, an uplink reference signal may include an SRS, a DMRS, or a PTRS, among other examples.
[0094] An SSB may carry information used for initial network acquisition and synchronization, such as a PSS, an SSS, a PBCH, and a PBCH DMRS. An SSB is sometimes referred to as a synchronization signal / PBCH (SS / PBCH) block. In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit multiple SSBs on multiple corresponding beams, and the SSBs may be used for beam selection.
[0095] A CSI-RS may carry information used for downlink channel estimation (e.g., downlink CSI acquisition) , which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, or beam management, among other examples. The network node 110 may configure a set of CSI-RSs for the UE 120, and the UE 120 may measure the configured set of CSI-RSs. Based at least in part on the measurements, the UE 120 may perform channel estimation and may report channel estimation parameters to the network node 110 (e.g., in a CSI report) , such as a CQI, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , or an RSRP, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the CSI report to select transmission parameters for downlink communications to the UE 120, such as a number of transmission layers (e.g., a rank) , a precoding matrix (e.g., a precoder) , a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , or a refined downlink beam (e.g., using a beam refinement procedure or a beam management procedure) , among other examples.
[0096] A DMRS may carry information used to estimate a radio channel for demodulation of an associated physical channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, PUCCH, or PUSCH) . The design and mapping of a DMRS may be specific to a physical channel for which the DMRS is used for estimation. DMRSs are UE-specific, can be beamformed, can be confined in a scheduled resource (e.g., rather than transmitted on a wideband) , and can be transmitted only when necessary. As shown, DMRSs are used for both downlink communications and uplink communications.
[0097] A PTRS may carry information used to compensate for oscillator phase noise. Typically, the phase noise increases as the oscillator carrier frequency increases. Thus, PTRS can be utilized at high carrier frequencies, such as millimeter wave frequencies, to mitigate phase noise. The PTRS may be used to track the phase of the local oscillator and to enable suppression of phase noise and common phase error (CPE) . As shown, PTRSs are used for both downlink communications (e.g., on the PDSCH) and uplink communications (e.g., on the PUSCH) .
[0098] A PRS may carry information used to enable timing or ranging measurements of the UE 120 based on signals transmitted by the network node 110 to improve observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning performance. For example, a PRS may be a pseudo-random Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) sequence mapped in diagonal patterns with shifts in frequency and time to avoid collision with cell-specific reference signals and control channels (e.g., a PDCCH) . In general, a PRS may be designed to improve detectability by the UE 120, which may need to detect downlink signals from multiple neighboring network nodes in order to perform OTDOA-based positioning. Accordingly, the UE 120 may receive a PRS from multiple cells (e.g., a reference cell and one or more neighbor cells) , and may report a reference signal time difference (RSTD) based on OTDOA measurements associated with the PRSs received from the multiple cells. In some aspects, the network node 110 may then calculate a position of the UE 120 based on the RSTD measurements reported by the UE 120.
[0099] An SRS may carry information used for uplink channel estimation, which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, precoder selection, or beam management, among other examples. The network node 110 may configure one or more SRS resource sets for the UE 120, and the UE 120 may transmit SRSs on the configured SRS resource sets. An SRS resource set may have a configured usage, such as uplink CSI acquisition, downlink CSI acquisition for reciprocity-based operations, uplink beam management, among other examples. The network node 110 may measure the SRSs, may perform channel estimation based at least in part on the measurements, and may use the SRS measurements to configure communications with the UE 120.
[0100] In some aspects, the UE 120 and / or the network node 110 may use any of the downlink channel and / or reference signals to communicate an associated ID for an AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality to support beam prediction and / or selection prior to completion of an initial access procedure (e.g., an initial access procedure as described herein, such as in connection with Figs. 6-8) . For example, after an initial access procedure has concluded (e.g., during RRC connection) , the network node 110 may transmit multiple SSBs on multiple corresponding beams, and the UE 120 may measure channel characteristics for the multiple SSBs for beam selection and / or coordination with the network node 110. However, in some aspects, it may be beneficial to predict communication beams prior to RRC connection. For example, it may be beneficial to perform AI / ML-based channel characteristic prediction for real or virtual SSBs associated with a first cell based on measuring SSBs associated with a same or a different cell. However, to perform AI / ML-based channel characteristic prediction, the UE 120 may identify a particular AI / ML model or functionality for the prediction based on information communicated in any of the reference signals described with reference to Fig. 4 prior to completion of initial access. Therefore, beam prediction may be more efficient with the assistance of an appropriate AI / ML model or functionality in comparison to beam prediction without an AI / ML model or functionality or using an inappropriate AI / ML model or functionality (e.g., outdated, unsuitable to conditions at the UE 120, uncoordinated with an AI / ML model or functionality used by the network node, unsupported by the UE 120, among other examples) . In some examples, an associated ID may be communicated to indicate a particular AI / ML model and / or functionality.
[0101] For example, the UE 120 may identify one or more AI / ML identifiers from a list of AI / ML identifiers stored by the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE 120 may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers based on, according to, or otherwise associated with a geographical location of the UE 120. For example, a geographical location of the UE 120 may be associated with a subset of associated IDs of a set of associated IDs that are stored by the UE 120, where geographical location information of the UE 120 may be communicated by any of the reference signals described herein, such as in connection with Fig. 4. In some aspects, the UE 120 may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers by receiving PSS / SSS. For example, the UE 120 may identify an associated ID according to a PSS / SSS sequence ID that has been reserved for indicating the associated ID. That is, the UE 120 may receive a plurality of PSS / SSS sequences in a set of SSBs and a subset of the sequences may be reserved for indicating a particular associated ID (s) .
[0102] In some aspects, the UE 120 may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers by receiving an indication via PBCH and / or an MIB. For example, the UE 120 may receive a DMRS including a DMRS scrambling sequence which may be associated with (or, for example, received via) a PBCH. The DMRS scrambling sequence may indicate the associated ID (s) . In some other examples, specific bits received in an MIB may indicate the associated ID (s) . In some aspects, the UE 120 may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers by receiving system information (e.g., via a system information block (SIB) , a particular SIB1 carrying RMSI, among other examples) scheduled by PDCCH. For example, the UE 120 may identify the one or more associated IDs according to an RMSI or a payload of a system information block or message. In some examples, the UE 120 may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers by communicating one or more RACH messages. For examples, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, capability information in a Msg1, Msg3, and / or MsgA. The network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive an indication of an associated ID (s) in Msg2, Msg4, or MsgB according to one or more capabilities of the UE 120 (e.g., based on the transmitted capability message) . For example, the capability message may indicate a set of associated IDs for which the associated AI / ML model and / or functionality is supported by the UE 120. In some examples, the UE 120 may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers according to a time and / or frequency pattern of the measured second set of SSBs. For example, standards (e.g., 3GPP wireless communication standards) may define time and / or frequency SSB patterns to be used to identify the associated IDs. The time and / or frequency patterns may be used to identify a list of available associated IDs instead of storing a list at the UE 120. In such examples, any of the other examples described herein may be used to down select an associated ID (s) from the list of available associated IDs.
[0103] Any of the methods described herein may be used to down select from a list indicated via any of the other methods described herein or from a list of associated IDs stored at the UE 120. For example, multiple reference signals may be used to further refine a list of associated IDs until a particular model is identified or implemented for AI / ML-based beam characteristic prediction. That is, the UE 120 may start with a list of support associated IDs (e.g., either stored by the UE 120 or received from the network node 110) and may identify a subset of the list of supported associated IDs using any of the methods described herein. The UE 120 may additionally identify a subset of the subset of the list of supported associated IDs using any of the methods (e.g., any method or particular reference signal other than the method or particular reference signal used to identify the subset of the list) described herein, and so on and so forth until an appropriate set of associated IDs or a singular associated ID is identified. Alternatively, a first portion of a reference signal (e.g., reference signal payload, resource pattern, sequence, among other examples) may identify a list or a first subset of associated IDs. A second portion of the reference signal (e.g., reference signal payload, resource pattern, sequence, among other examples) may identify a subset of the first subset or the list. Therefore, a single method may provide a set of supported associated IDs and a down selection of associated IDs and, for example, may be used in conjunction with any other method for associated ID identification described herein.
[0104] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
[0105] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of an AI / ML-based beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5, an AI / ML model 510 (which may be an example of an AI / ML model and / or an AI / ML functionality, as described herein) may be deployed at or on a UE 120. For example, a model inference host (such as a model inference host) may be deployed at, or on, a UE 120. In some examples, the model inference host (such as a model inference host) may be deployed at, or on, a network node 110, at a server, or in a distributed manner (e.g., among one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more Rus, as described with reference to Fig. 1) . The AI / ML model 510 may enable the UE 120 to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on data input to the AI / ML model 510. In some aspects, the one or more inferences or predictions may be communicated to the UE 120 (e.g., the UE 120 may indicate, to another wireless communication device, an AI / ML model / functionality to use based on the associated ID and may receive the one or more inferences) . In some aspects, the AI / ML model may be identified by or associated with an associated ID.
[0106] For example, as shown by reference number 515, an input to the AI / ML model 510 may include measurements associated with a first set of beams. For example, a network node 110 may transmit one or more signals using respective beams from the first set of beams. The UE 120 may perform measurements (e.g., layer 1 (L1) RSRP measurements or other measurements) of the first set of beams to obtain a first set of measurements. For example, each beam, from the first set of beams, may be associated with one or more measurements performed by the UE 120. The UE 120 may input the first set of measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurement values) into the AI / ML model 510 along with information associated with the first set of beams and / or a second set of beams, such as a beam direction (e.g., spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the respective beams from the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams.
[0107] As shown by reference number 520, the AI / ML model 510 may output one or more predictions. The one or more predictions may include predicted measurement values (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP measurement values) associated with the second set of beams. This may reduce a quantity of beam measurements that are performed by the UE 120, thereby conversing power of the UE 120 and / or network resources that would have otherwise been used to measure all beams included in the first set of beams and the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as a codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction.
[0108] As another example, an output of the AI / ML model 510 may include a point-direction, an angle of departure (AoD) , and / or an angle of arrival (AoA) of a beam included in the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as a non-codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction. As another example, multiple measurement report or values, collected at different points in time, may be input to the AI / ML model 510. This may enable the AI / ML model 510 to output codebook based and / or non-codebook based predictions for a measurement value, an AoD, and / or an AoA, among other examples, of a beam at a future time. The output (s) of the AI / ML model 510, as described herein, may facilitate initial access procedures, secondary cell group (SCG) setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., a P2 beam management procedure or a P3 beam management procedure) , link quality or interference adaptation procedure, beam failure and / or beam blockage predictions, and / or radio link failure predictions, among other examples.
[0109] In some examples, the first set of beams may be referred to as Set B beams and the second set of beams may be referred to as Set A beams. In some examples, the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may correspond to a first set of resources (e.g., first set of SSBs, among other examples) and the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may correspond to a second set of resources (e.g., second set of SSBs, among other examples) . For example, a network node (e.g., such as network node 110, as described elsewhere herein) may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a second set of resources via the Set B beams and the UE 120 may input measured characteristics for the second set of resources (e.g., as shown by reference number 515) into the AI / ML model 510 to predict channel characteristics for the Set A beams (e.g., as shown by reference number 520) corresponding the first set of resources for beam prediction. Therefore, the UE 120 may avoid explicit measurement of channel characteristics for the first set of resources by using the AI / ML model 510 to predict channel characteristics for the first set of resources. In some examples, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may be a subset of the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) , or vice versa. In some other examples, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) and the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may be different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. In some examples, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) and the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may correspond to a same cell (e.g., a coverage area of a network node or to a network node) or may correspond to different cells (e.g., different cells of the same network node or to different network nodes) . In some other examples, the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may correspond to a set of virtual SSBs and the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may correspond to SSBs (e.g., non-virtual SSBs) In some examples, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may include wide beams (e.g., unrefined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a first threshold) and the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may include narrow beams (e.g., refined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a second threshold) , or vice versa. In one example, the AI / ML model 510 may perform spatial-domain beam predictions for beams included in the Set A beams based on measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams. As another example, the AI / ML model 510 may perform temporal beam prediction for beams included in the Set A beams based on historic measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams.
[0110] Initial access procedures may be enhanced by the UE 120 using AI / ML-based beam management techniques, such as AI / ML supported beam prediction. For example, the AI / ML model and / or AI / ML functionality (e.g., AI / ML model 510) may be obtain an input indicating measurements of resources (e.g., resources related to beam management) for beam prediction in the time and / or spatial domain to predict characteristics for a set of communication beams for communications after initial access (e.g., in a connected mode) which may reduce overhead and latency, and / or increase beam selection accuracy, among other examples by performing beam prediction before a beam selection procedure and improving accuracy (and thus avoiding channel quality degradation) of beam selection.
[0111] In some examples, initial access may be integrated with AI / ML model-based UE-side beam prediction. For example, the UE 120 may identify network assistance information for UE-side beam prediction during initial access before transmitting Msg1 / MsgA of a RACH procedure (e.g., as described in more detail with reference to Fig. 8) during the initial access procedure. The network node may transmit the network assistance information via one or more SSBs including PSS / SSS sequences, the PBCH / MIB, or RMSI, as described with reference to Fig. 4, among other examples. In other examples, the UE 120 may transmit UE-side beam prediction results (e.g., the output shown by reference number 520) in Msg1 / MsgA, or may indicate one or more UE capabilities for UE-side beam prediction in Msg1 / MsgA. Related reporting methods and / or conditions can be based on one or more wireless communication standards definitions (e.g., such as those defined by 3GPP) and / or configured via system information (e.g., a MIB, a SIB, or a SIB type 1 (SIB1) , among other examples) . In some examples, the UE 120 may receive additional or initial network assistance information or requests related to UE-side beam prediction in Msg2 and / or MsgB of a RACH procedure (e.g., as described in more detail with reference to Fig. 8) . Based on such requests in Msg2 and / or MsgB, the UE 120 may transmit initial or additional beam prediction results (e.g., as shown by reference number 520) in Msg3 or uplink messages transmitted after MsgB. In some examples, the UE 120 may perform AI / ML-based beam prediction by inputting channel characteristics for a subset of one or more SSBs (e.g., as shown by reference number 515) into the AI / ML model 510 and receiving an output from the AI / ML model 510 that predicts channel characteristics for at least one of the one or more SSBs (e.g., as shown by reference number 520) .
[0112] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
[0113] Fig. 6 is a diagram of an example 600 associated with a process for AI / ML identification for initial access, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, a network node 110 (e.g., network node 110, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU) may communicate with a UE 120 (e.g., UE 120) . In some aspects, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may be part of a wireless network (e.g., wireless communication network 100) . The UE 120 and the network node 110 may have established a wireless connection prior to operations shown in Fig. 6.
[0114] The example 600 demonstrates aspects related generally to the identification of an associated ID for an AI / ML model and / or for an AI / ML functionality prior to the completion of an initial access procedure between the UE 120 and the network node 110. The identification of the associated ID may enable UE-side AI / ML model-based beam prediction during initial access by using an associated ID to identify an appropriate AI / ML model and / or AI / ML functionality for beam prediction. As described herein, an associated ID may be alternatively referred to as an AI / ML module and / or functionality ID, a model ID, an / or a functionality ID interchangeably. “Associated ID” , as used herein, refers to information that is indicative of a AI / ML model and / or an AI / ML function. For example, an associated ID may refer to, or may include, a dataset, a configuration, a scenario, a codebook, a functionality, and / or or a model identifier, among other examples. An associated ID may identify network-side conditions (e.g., additional conditions) related to assumptions made by the UE 120 that are associated with AI / ML life cycle management. AI / ML life cycle management, as used herein may refer to data collection, training, deployment, inference, performance monitoring, activation, deactivation, and / or switching of an AI / ML model or functionality, among other examples.
[0115] In some examples, if the same associated ID is identified across training and inference, the same set of network-side additional conditions may be assumed by the UE 120 across training and inference. Network-side additional conditions for AI / ML life cycle management as applied to beam prediction may include one or more of: numbering, ordering, and / or indexing of a set of beams (e.g., Set A as described with reference to Fig. 5) associated with the first set of resources and / or a set of beams (e.g., Set B as described with reference to Fig. 5) associated with the second set of resources; absolute and / or relative communication beam pointing directions (e.g., with respect to boresight direction relative to the center of a transmit antenna panel) ; beam shapes (e.g., such as angular-specific beam forming gains) ; quasi co-location beam relationships (e.g., across and / or within Set A and / or Set B beams) ; or temporal parameters (e.g., a periodicity of Set A and / or Set B beams, target future occasions for temporal prediction, among other examples) . Therefore, network-side additional conditions may impact UE-side AI / ML model assumptions when a same associated ID is received during training and inference. Accordingly, multiple different AI / ML models at the UE 120 may each be associated or trained with a single associated ID, or a single AI / ML model may be adjusted by any of a plurality of associated IDs supported by the UE 120.
[0116] As part of any of the messages shown by reference number 610, reference number 615, reference number 620, reference number 630, and / or reference number 635, or another message that is not shown, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, configuration information. In some aspects, the UE 120 may receive the configuration information via one or more of system information (e.g., an MIB and / or an SIB, among other examples) , RRC signaling, one or more MAC control elements (CEs) , and / or DCI, among other examples.
[0117] In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate one or more candidate configurations and / or communication parameters. In some aspects, the one or more candidate configurations and / or communication parameters may be selected, activated, and / or deactivated by a subsequent indication. For example, the subsequent indication may select a candidate configuration and / or communication parameter from the one or more candidate configurations and / or communication parameters. In some aspects, the subsequent indication (e.g., an indication described herein) may include a dynamic indication, such as one or more MAC CEs and / or one or more DCI messages, among other examples.
[0118] In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate one or more associated IDs for AI / ML-based beam prediction prior to or during initial access. The UE 120 may configure itself based at least in part on the configuration information. In some aspects, the UE may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein based at least in part on the configuration information.
[0119] In some aspects, as part of the RACH procedure shown by reference number 635, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a capabilities report. The capabilities report may indicate whether the UE supports a feature and / or one or more parameters related to the feature. For example, the capability information may indicate a capability and / or parameter for AI / ML-based beam prediction prior to or during initial access. As another example, the capabilities report may indicate a capability and / or parameter for supporting one or more associated IDs for AI / ML-based beam prediction prior to or during initial access. One or more operations described herein may be based on capability information of the capabilities report. For example, the UE 120 may perform a communication in accordance with the capability information, or may receive configuration information that is in accordance with the capability information.
[0120] In some aspects, the configuration information described in connection with reference number 610, reference number 615, reference number 620, reference number 630, and / or reference number 635 or another unrepresented message and / or the capabilities report may include information transmitted via multiple communications. Additionally, or alternatively, the network node 110 may transmit the configuration information, or a communication including at least a portion of the configuration information, before and / or after the UE 120 transmits the capabilities report. For example, the network node 110 may transmit a first portion of the configuration information before the capabilities report, the UE 120 may transmit at least a portion of the capabilities report, and the network node 110 may transmit a second portion of the configuration information after receiving the capabilities report.
[0121] As shown by reference number 640, the UE 120 may identify or infer the associated ID based on various aspects of an initial access procedure. For example, the UE 120 may identify, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing an RRC connection with the first cell, one or more associated identifiers IDs. In some aspects, identifying the one or more associated IDs may include identifying the one or more associated IDs from a list of associated IDs stored by the UE.
[0122] In some aspects, identifying the one or more associated IDs may include identifying the one or more associated IDs in association with one or more geographical zones and a location of the UE 120. For example, as shown by reference number 605 (and further described with regard to reference number 710 of Fig. 7) , the UE 120 may identify a geographical location of the UE 120. In some aspects, a plurality of associated IDs from the list of associated IDs may be associated with the location of the UE 120. In such aspects, the UE 120 may predict a first channel characteristic for the first set of one or more resources using a first AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality associated with a first associated ID of the plurality of associated IDs, the first associated ID associated with a first priority. In such examples, the predicting as shown by reference number 645 may include the UE 120 predicting a second channel characteristic for the first set of one or more resources using a second AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality associated with a second associated ID of the plurality of associated IDs. In such examples, the second associated ID may be associated with a second priority. The UE 120 may identify the first set of one or more resources including a first quantity of SSBs associated with the second associated ID. In such examples, the first AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality may be associated with a failure to establish the RRC connection.
[0123] In another example, the UE 120 may identify whether the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE. In another example, the location of the UE 120 may be a predicted location of the UE 120 or a current location of the UE 120.
[0124] In another example, the UE 120 may measure a channel characteristic for each resource of the second set of one or more resources. In such examples, the UE 120 may predict the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources, as shown by reference number 645, by predicting the channel characteristic for each resource of the first set of one or more resources using at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality associated with the one or more associated IDs, where the one or more associated IDs may be associated with the location of the UE. In some examples, the first cell and the second cell may be a same cell.
[0125] In another example, the UE 120 may measure a channel characteristic for each resource of the second set of one or more resources. In such examples, the second set of resources may be associated with a first frequency band. In some aspects, the UE 120 may predict the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources, as shown by reference number 645, by predicting, using at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality, the channel characteristic for each resource of the first set of one or more resources. In some aspects, the first set of resources may be associated with a second frequency band, and the one or more associated IDs may be associated with the location of the UE 120.
[0126] In another example, the UE 120 may identify a location of the UE prior to the initial access associated with a first cell. In some such examples, the one or more associated IDs may be associated with the location of the UE 120. As shown by reference number 610 (and further described with regard to reference number 720 of Fig. 7) , the UE 120 may receive the second set of resources, including a set of SSBs, according to a time and / or frequency pattern. For example, the UE 120 may identify a spatial-temporal occurrence pattern of the second set of one or more resources, where the one or more associated IDs is indicated by the spatial-temporal occurrence pattern.
[0127] As shown by reference number 615 (and further described with regard to reference number 730 of Fig. 7) , the UE 120 may receive a PSS / SSS sequence. For examples, the UE 120 may receive at least one of a PSS or an SSS. The UE 120 may identify a PSS identifier associated with the PSS and / or an SSS identifier associated with the SSS. The UE 120 may identify the one or more associated IDs based on, or associated with, the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier. In some aspects, one or more of the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier associated with the one or more associated IDs may be prioritized for identifying the first set of one or more resources during the initial access. In some aspects, the PSS identifier may be associated with the AI / ML functionality and the SSS identifier may be associated with the AI / ML model associated with the AI / ML functionality. For example, a sequence communicated in the PSS / SSS may indicate the associated ID and / or the one or more associated IDs.
[0128] As shown by reference number 620 (and further described with regard to reference number 740 of Fig. 7) , the UE 120 may receive a PBCH and / or an MIB. For example, the UE 120 may monitor for one or more PBCH blocks including a DMRS scrambling sequence. In such examples, the UE 120 may identify the one or more associated IDs by identifying that the associated ID may be associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence. Each associated ID of the list of associated IDs may be associated with one or more DMRS scrambling sequences. In another example, at least one of a PSS identifier or an SSS identifier may be associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence. In such examples, the associated ID may be associated with the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier. In another example, an identifier of the second set of one or more resources may be associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence and the associated ID may be associated with the identifier of the second set of one or more resources.
[0129] In some aspects, the UE 120 may receive an MIB including the one or more associated IDs. In another example, the UE 120 may identify a plurality of associated IDs associated with a location of the UE 120. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120 may identify a plurality of associated IDs associated with or at least one of a PSS identifier or an SSS identifier associated with the UE 120. In such examples, the plurality of associated IDs may include the one or more associated IDs received in the MIB.
[0130] As shown by reference number 630 (and further described with regard to reference number 750 of Fig. 7) , the UE 120 may receive system information, such as one or more SIBs, SIB1 and / or RMSI, among other examples. For example, the UE 120 may receive a downlink control message including system information, where the one or more associated IDs may be associated with the system information. For example, the UE 120 may identify the one or more AI / ML identifiers by receiving an indication via system information (e.g., via an SIB, a SIB1 carrying RMSI, among other examples) scheduled by PDCCH.
[0131] As shown by reference number 635 (and further described with regard to Fig. 8 and reference number 710 of Fig. 7) , the UE 120 may perform a RACH procedure with the network node 110. For example, as part of the RACH procedure shown by reference number 635, the UE 120 may receive a downlink random access message including an indication of the one or more associated IDs. In another example, the one or more associated IDs may be associated with one or more of a capability of the UE or a location of the UE. In another example, the downlink random access message includes at least one of a Msg2, a Msg4, or a MsgB. In another example, the one or more associated IDs may be associated with the measurement of the second set of one or more resources. For example, a first channel characteristic measured for the second set of SSBs (e.g., such as an ordering of the SSBs in terms of L1-RSRP) may indicate or be associated with the associated ID and a second channel characteristic measured for the second set of SSBs (e.g., such as a different channel quality characteristic or a different ordering of the SSBs in terms of L1-RSRP) may indicate or be associated with a different associated ID.
[0132] As shown by reference number 645, the UE 120 may predict channel characteristics for a first set of one or more of resources using AI / ML model and / or an AI / ML functionality. In some examples, the AI / ML model and / or the AI / ML functionality may be associated with the associated ID of the one or more associated IDs (e.g., the one or more identified associated IDs, as shown by reference number 640 and identified based on any of the process or messages represented by reference numbers 605, 610, 615, 620, 630 and / or 640) . In some aspects, predicting the one or more channel characteristics may be associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell. For example, the UE 120 may identify, infer, and / or predict, using the AI / ML model and or functionality associated with the identified associated ID, channel characteristics for a first quantity of resources (e.g., SSBs associated with a first cell) using measurements for a second quantity of resources (e.g., SSBs associated with the first or a second cell) , as described above. For example, the first quantity of resources may be detectable by the UE 120 and / or may be a quantity of virtual resources (e.g., resources that are unmeasurable or undetectable by the UE 120) and the second quantity of resources may be detectable by the UE 120.
[0133] In some aspects, the UE 120 may predict channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML functionality associated at least one of the identified one or more AI / ML identifiers. In some aspects, predicting the channel characteristics may be associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell. In some aspects, the first cell and the second cell may be a same cell. In some aspects, the first cell and the second cell may be different cells. In some aspects, the UE 120 may identify, using the one or more channel characteristics, the first set of one or more resources, where the first set of one or more resources includes a first quantity of SSBs associated with the first cell for the initial access associated with the first cell.
[0134] As shown by reference number 650, the UE 120 may establish an RRC connection with the network node 110. For example, at the conclusion of an initial access procedure, the UE 120 may be communicatively coupled with the network node 110 by an RRC connection.
[0135] As shown by reference number 655, the UE 120 may communicate, based on the predicted channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing the RRC connection (e.g., as shown by reference number 650) using the first set of resources. For example, The UE 120 may communicate, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources.
[0136] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 6.
[0137] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of signaling and information for identifying one or more associated IDs before or during an initial access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 7, a UE 120 may identify an associated ID 780 from a set of one or more associated IDs 770 using one or more methods or techniques, such as geographical information as shown by reference number 710; an SSB time / frequency pattern, as shown by reference number 720; PSS / SSS signaling as shown by reference number 730; PBCH / MIB signaling, as shown by reference number 740; system information (e.g., including RMSI) , as shown by reference number 750; and / or a response message of a random access procedure (e.g., Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB) , as shown by reference number 760, among other examples.
[0138] As shown by reference number 710, the UE 120 may use geographical information for identifying the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770. For example, before cell and / or SSB searching for initial access, the UE 120 may be preloaded (e.g., stored by the UE 120 as part of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) configuration or obtained during a previous connected mode from a network node 110) with or may store a number of AI / ML models and / or functionalities for the beam prediction, where an associated ID and associated AI / ML functionalities for each of the AI / ML models may be indicated during model preloading or storing (e.g., downloading) . In some aspects, to identify an associated ID based on geographical location the UE 120 may identify a location of the UE 120. For example, the UE 120 may receive GNSS information or may obtain information from application-layer executed by the UE 120 that may preemptively identify that the UE 120 is moving towards another location (e.g., based on a flight ticket booked for another city / country, among other examples) . Therefore models associated with the new location may be preloaded before moving to the new location. Such pre-downloading may be operated jointly by original equipment manufacturers and / or modem vendors (e.g., via application layer software developed by original equipment manufacturers that may identify any such location changes, or while the AI / ML models and / or functionalities are restored on a server operated by modem vendors) .
[0139] In some aspects, each preloaded and / or downloaded AI / ML model and an associated AI / ML functionality of the preloaded and / or downloaded AI / ML model may be associated with one or more geographical locations and / or zones. In the example that the UE 120 may be able to identify a geographical location and / or zone before cell and / or SSB searching for initial access, an appropriate AI / ML functionality and / or AI / ML model may be used for beam prediction during or before initial access. In a first example, given a certain geographical location and / or zone, there may be multiple AI / ML functionalities and / or models associated with the location and / or zone, each associated with a priority (e.g., ordering) that is identifiable based on preloaded and / or downloaded information. For example, the UE 120 may prioritize AI / ML functionalities and / or models associated with a higher priority (e.g., the UE 120 may use a higher priority AI / ML model and / or functionality initially and may use a lower priority AI / ML model and / or functionality if the cell and / or SSB search is unsuccessful) .
[0140] In some aspects, the UE 120 may initially identify whether an associated ID is applicable to the location and / or zone. In some aspects, the UE 120 may be able to identify its location via GNSS before a cell and / or SSB search, and the UE may perform methods for identifying the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770 based on the location identified. In some aspects, different AI / ML models and / or functionalities may include different numbers of input features (e.g., which may be provided with measured L1-RSRPs associated with a certain number of SSBs, where the SSB-IDs associated with such measurements may also be predefined for the AI / ML model and / or functionality) , and / or may include different numbers of output features (e.g., which may provide predicted L1-RSRPs for the remaining / overall SSBs) . Such a database linking the AI / ML models and / or functionalities and geographical locations and / or zones may be identified via AI / ML model preloading and / or downloading.
[0141] In some aspects, certain AI / ML models and / or functionalities may include inputs based on SSB measurements associated with a first frequency band (e.g., FR1 / FR3) , with outputs including predicted L1-RSRPs for SSBs associated with a second frequency band (e.g., FR2) . For example, the UE 120 may select an FR2 SSB having a strongest predicted L1-RSRP for time and / or frequency synchronization, system information decoding, and Msg1 / MsgA transmission. In such examples, no further measurements on the remaining SSBs in FR2 would be needed.
[0142] As shown by reference number 720, the UE 120 may use one or more time and / or frequency SSB patterns for identifying the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770. In such aspects, the time and / or frequency SSB patterns may be used in combination with the geographical information of the UE, (e.g., as shown by reference number 710) , any of the PSS / SSS signaling (e.g., as shown by reference number 730) , PBCH / MIB signaling (e.g., as shown by reference number 740) ; system information, such as RMSI (e.g., as shown by reference number 750) , and / or a response message of a random access procedure (e.g., Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB) (e.g., as shown by reference number 760) , among other examples. Further, one or more assumptions made for any of the other mechanisms (e.g., signaling and / or information conveying an indication of an associated ID for beam prediction) shown by reference numbers 710, 730, 740, 750, and / or 760 may apply to identifying the associated ID 780 or one or more associated IDs 770 using the time and / or frequency SSB patterns (e.g., such as preloading a list of associated IDs, and / or AI / ML models and / or functionalities) .
[0143] In some aspects, a wireless communication standard (e.g., such as the 3GPP) may define that certain time and / or frequency SSB patterns may be used to identify one or more associated IDs. For example, the UE 120 may identify the AI / ML functionality / model IDs according to any of the other mechanisms shown by reference numbers 710, 730, 740, 750, and / or 760, if the SSBs associated with the identification of the associated ID are based on a standard predefined time and / or frequency pattern. As an example, if the UE 120 (or any other UE) determines to perform UE-side beam prediction during initial access, then the UE 120 may prioritize monitoring for any such time and / or frequency SSB pattern.
[0144] As shown by reference number 730, the UE 120 may use PSS / SSS sequences for identifying the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770. In such aspects, the PSS / SSS sequences may be used in combination with any of mechanisms or indications shown by reference numbers 710, 720, 740, 750, and / or 760. Further, one or more assumptions made for any of the other mechanisms shown by reference numbers 710, 720, 740, 750, and / or 760 may apply to identifying the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770 using the PSS / SSS sequence (e.g., such as preloading a list of associated IDs and / or AI / ML models and / or functionalities) .
[0145] In some examples, a wireless communication standard (e.g., such as the 3GPP) may reserve or designate certain PSS / SSS sequence-IDs that may be used to indicate the associated ID 780 or the one or more associated IDs 770. For example, if the UE 120 determines to perform beam prediction for initial access, the UE 120 may prioritize PSS / SSS searching (e.g., monitoring) for the reserved PSS / SSS sequences during the cell / SSB search. For example, the UE 120 may use time and / or frequency resources to monitor for reserved PSS / SSS sequences before using time and / or frequency resources to monitor for other PSS / SSS sequences. In some examples, a PSS sequence may identify an AI / ML functionality ID (e.g., an inter-cell SSB prediction functionality, a cross-frequency prediction functionality, wide-to-narrow virtual beam prediction functionality, among other examples) , and / or an SSS sequence may be used to identify an AI / ML model ID associated with the AI / ML functionality. In some examples, PSS / SSS sequence-IDs may identify multiple AI / ML functionalities and / or models. In some examples, the UE 120 may store a list of one or more associated IDs, and may identify a subset of associated IDs based on location and / or an SSB pattern. The UE 120 may further down-select from the subset of identified associated IDs to identify the associated ID 780 or a subset of the subset of associated IDs based on the PSS / SSS sequence.
[0146] As shown by reference number 740, the UE 120 may use PBCH / MIB signaling for identifying the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770. In such aspects, the PBCH / MIB-based associated ID identification, as shown by reference number 740 may be used in combination with any of the mechanisms shown by reference numbers 710, 720, 730, 750, and / or 760. Further, one or more assumptions made for any of the other mechanisms shown by reference numbers 710, 720, 730, 750, and / or 760 may apply to the PBCH / MIB-based associated ID identification, as shown by reference number 740 (e.g., such as preloading a list of associated IDs and / or AI / ML models and / or functionalities) .
[0147] In some aspects, a DMRS scrambling sequence indicated via the PBCH / MIB-based associated ID identification, as shown by reference number 740 may indicate to the UE 120 the preloaded list of associated IDs (e.g., such as associated IDs 770) . In some other aspects, a PSS / SSS (e.g., PSS / SSS sequence) associated with a same SSB as the PBCH may indicate one or more associated IDs (e.g., associated ID 780 or a subset of associated IDs 770) . In some aspects, different SSB-IDs may be associated with different associated IDs (e.g., because DMRS scrambling sequences may also be used for SSB-ID identification in 5G-NR) . In some aspects, one or more bits in an MIB may indicate the associated ID (e.g., associated ID 780 or a subset of associated IDs 770) from a set of preloaded associated IDs.
[0148] The PBCH / MIB signaling of the associated ID 780 or the one or more associated IDs 770 may be jointly implemented alongside with the mechanisms shown by reference numbers 710 and / or 720. For example, the UE 120 may identifying multiple associated IDs 770 via the geographical information and / or SSB time / frequency patterns, and may down-select an associated ID 780 from the set of associated IDs 770 based on a PBCH / MIB message (e.g., including an indication) , as shown by reference number 740. In some examples, standards (e.g., such as 3GPP standards) may define one or more DMRS scrambling sequences for identifying an associated ID 780 or one or more associated IDs 770. In some examples, a PSS / SSS sequence in a same SSB that decodes the received PBCH / MIB may identify the one or more associated IDs 770, similarly to using one or more time and / or frequency SSB patterns for identifying the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770, as shown by reference number 720. In some examples, the DMRS scrambling sequence in the PBCH may identify the one or more associated IDs similarly to using geographical information for identifying the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770, as shown by reference number 710. In such examples, different SSB-IDs may be associated with a same or different associated IDs (e.g., specified via MIB payload) .
[0149] By using the PBCH / MIB (e.g., including at least one indication) the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770, the UE 120 may be able to carry out beam prediction earlier, such that a better quality SSB may be identified before the UE 120 decodes system information (e.g., which may be unsuccessful if the initially chosen SSB was low quality) . According to the PBCH / MIB associated ID identification, as shown by reference number 740, the number of available bits for associated ID indication may be fewer than those available for system information-based associated ID identification, as shown by reference number 750.
[0150] As shown by reference number 750, the UE 120 may use system information for identifying the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770. In such aspects, the system information-based associated ID identification may be used in combination with any of the mechanisms for associated ID identification shown by reference numbers 710, 720, 730, 740, and / or 760. Further, one or more assumptions made for any of the other mechanisms shown by reference numbers 710, 720, 730, 740, and / or 760 may apply to the system information associated ID identification (e.g., such as preloading a list of associated IDs and / or AI / ML models and / or functionalities) . In some examples, the UE 120 may identify the associated IDs 770 from system information scheduled by Type#0 PDCCH, before transmitting Msg1 / MsgA of a RACH procedure. In some aspects, the UE 120 may identify a same or different associated IDs via system information payloads decoded based on different SSBs (e.g., which may be further specified by network implementation) .
[0151] Associated IDs may additionally be indicated for different side-conditions, wherein optional side-conditions may include: characteristics of measurements associated with the SSBs (e.g., an ordering of the SSBs in terms of L1-RSRP) , such that different measured characteristics of the SSBs may be associated with different functionality / model IDs; a location of the UE 120, such that different functionality / model IDs may be associated with different UE locations; and / or whether the UE 120 has measurement results from an adjacent cell or an alternative frequency band and if so, the UE 120 may identify associated IDs for cross-cell or cross-frequency band prediction.
[0152] System information-based associated ID identification, as shown by reference number 750, may be jointly implemented with one or more of the mechanisms shown by reference number 710, 720, and / or 730. For example, multiple associated IDs 770 can be identified based on any of the information or signaling shown by reference numbers 710, 720, and / or 730, and the UE 120 may select the associated ID 780 from the multiple associated IDs 770 according to one or more indications received via system information such as SIB, SIB1, and / or RMSI.
[0153] As shown by reference number 760, the UE 120 may use a response message of a random access procedure (e.g., Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB) for identifying the associated ID 780 and / or the one or more associated IDs 770, as described with reference to Fig. 8. In some such aspects, the response message of the random access procedure (e.g., Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB) may be used in combination with any of the signaling or information shown by reference numbers 710, 720, 730, 740, and / or 750. Further, one or more assumptions made for any other signaling or information shown by reference numbers 710, 720, 730, 740, and / or 750 may apply to the identifying the associated ID using the response message of the random access procedure (e.g., Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB) (e.g., such as preloading a list of associated IDs and / or AI / ML models and / or functionalities) .
[0154] For example, associated IDs 770 may be identified based on the signaling or information shown by reference numbers 710, 720, 730, 740, and / or 750, and the UE 120 may identify the associated ID 780 from the associated IDs 770 based on information received in the response message of the random access procedure (e.g., Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB) . In some aspects, the UE 120 may identify the associated ID 780 from the associated IDs 770 based on one or more UE-reported capabilities or conditions communicated in an uplink message of the random access procedure (e.g., Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA) .
[0155] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 7.
[0156] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 including aspects of a two-step random access procedure and a four-step random access procedure that supports associated ID identification and beam prediction during or before completion of initial access, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 8, a network node 110 and a UE 120 may communicate with one another to perform the two-step random access procedure and / or the four-step random access procedure.
[0157] As shown by reference number 805, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, one or more SSBs and / or random access configuration information. In some aspects, the random access configuration information may be transmitted in and / or indicated by system information (e.g., in one or more SIBs) and / or an SSB, such as for contention-based random access. Additionally, or alternatively, the random access configuration information may be transmitted in an RRC message and / or a PDCCH order message that triggers a RACH procedure, such as for contention-free random access. The random access configuration information may include one or more parameters to be used in the two-step random access procedure and / or the four-step random access procedure, such as one or more parameters for transmitting a random access message (RAM) and / or receiving an RAR to the RAM.
[0158] As shown by reference number 810, in the example of a two-step random access procedure, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a RAM preamble. As shown by reference number 815, in the example of a two-step random access procedure, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a RAM payload. As shown, the UE 120 may transmit the RAM preamble and the RAM payload to the network node 110 as part of an initial (or first) step of the two-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RAM may be referred to as message A, msgA, a first message, or an initial message in a two-step random access procedure. Furthermore, in some aspects, the RAM preamble may be referred to as a message A preamble, a msgA preamble, a preamble, or a PRACH preamble, and the RAM payload may be referred to as a message A payload, a msgA payload, or a payload. In some aspects, the RAM may include some or all of the contents of message 1 (msg1) and message 3 (msg3) of a four-step random access procedure, which is described in more detail below. For example, the RAM preamble may include some or all contents of message 1 (e.g., a PRACH preamble) , and the RAM payload may include some or all contents of message 3 (e.g., a UE identifier, UCI, and / or a PUSCH) transmission.
[0159] As shown by reference number 810 and / or reference number 815, in the example of a four-step random access procedure, the UE 120 may transmit a RAM, which may include a preamble (sometimes referred to as a random access preamble, a PRACH preamble, or a RAM preamble) . The message that includes the preamble may be referred to as a message 1, msg1, MSG1, a first message, or an initial message in a four-step random access procedure. The random access message may include a random access preamble identifier.
[0160] As shown by reference number 810 and / or reference number 815, in the example of a four-step random access procedure, the UE 120 may transmit an RRC connection request message. The RRC connection request message may be referred to as message 3, msg3, MSG3, or a third message of a four-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RRC connection request may include a UE identifier, UCI, and / or a PUSCH communication (e.g., an RRC connection request) .
[0161] As shown by reference number 820, in the example of a two-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may receive the RAM preamble transmitted by the UE 120. If the network node 110 successfully receives and decodes the RAM preamble, the network node 110 may then receive and decode the RAM payload.
[0162] As shown by reference number 825, in the example of a two-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit an RAR (sometimes referred to as an RAR message) . As shown, the network node 110 may transmit the RAR message as part of a second step of the two-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RAR message may be referred to as message B, msgB, or a second message in a two-step random access procedure. The RAR message may include some or all of the contents of message 2 (msg2) and message 4 (msg4) of the four-step random access procedure. For example, the RAR message may include the detected PRACH preamble identifier, the detected UE identifier, a timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information.
[0163] In some examples, in any of a Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA, the UE 120 may transmit an indication of one or more associated IDs (e.g., for AI / ML models and / or functionalities) that are supported by the UE 120. In some examples, the UE 120 may transmit a report including one or more capabilities of the UE 120 and / or conditions of the UE 120 which may indicate that one or more associated IDs are supported by the UE 120.
[0164] The one or more capabilities of the UE 120 and / or conditions of the UE 120 may include an indication of whether the UE 120 supports one or more of associated IDs identified using any of the other methods or techniques described herein (e.g., with reference to Figs. 4, 6, and 7) , such that the UE 120 may be signaled with a subset of a set of associated IDs that the UE 120 reported as supported (e.g., enabled) . The one or more capabilities of the UE 120 and / or conditions of the UE 120 may include measurement results associated with one or more resources (e.g., SSB measurements, layer 1 RSRP measurements (L1-RSRPs) , Top-K (e.g., a quantity of best) SSBs (Top-K-SSBs) in terms of L1-RSRPs, an ordering of the Top-K-SSBs in terms of L1-RSRPs, AoA information, among other examples) , such that network mode may indicate one or more associated IDs based on the reported measurement results. In some examples, identifying an associated ID based on transmitted measurement results may be suitable for or generally applicable to wide-to-narrow beam prediction for early (e.g., prior to or during initial access, prior to a beam selection procedure, among other examples) and / or virtual (e.g., a communication beam formed at least partially by virtual antennas (e.g., a virtual antenna may be defined as rotations of physical antennas that uniformly utilize physical antennas at a transmitter) ) transmitter beam (e.g., P2) refinement. For example, performing a portion of a beam refinement procedure before RRC connection may constitute early beam refinement which may be applicable to virtual communication beams.
[0165] The one or more capabilities of the UE 120 and / or conditions of the UE 120 may include UE location information, such that network node 110 may indicate certain associated IDs based on a geographical location of the UE 120. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120 may transmit, in any of a Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA, one or more channel characteristic measurements for one or more resources carrying one or more reference signals (e.g., as described with reference to Fig. 4) .
[0166] As shown by reference number 830, in the example of a two-step random access procedure, as part of the second step of the two-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit a PDCCH communication for the RAR. The PDCCH communication may schedule a PDSCH communication that includes the RAR. For example, the PDCCH communication may indicate a resource allocation (e.g., in DCI) for the PDSCH communication.
[0167] As shown by reference number 830 and / or reference number 835, in the example of a four-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit an RAR as a reply to the preamble. The message that includes the RAR may be referred to as message 2, msg2, MSG2, or a second message in a four-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RAR may indicate the detected random access preamble identifier (e.g., received from the UE 120 in msg1) . Additionally, or alternatively, the RAR may indicate a resource allocation to be used by the UE 120 to transmit message 3 (msg3) .
[0168] In some aspects, as part of the second step of the four-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit a PDCCH communication for the RAR. The PDCCH communication may schedule a PDSCH communication that includes the RAR. For example, the PDCCH communication may indicate a resource allocation for the PDSCH communication. Also as part of the second step of the four-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit the PDSCH communication for the RAR, as scheduled by the PDCCH communication. The RAR may be included in a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) of the PDSCH communication.
[0169] As shown by reference number 835, in the example of a two-step random access procedure, as part of the second step of the two-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit the PDSCH communication for the RAR, as scheduled by the PDCCH communication. The RAR may be included in a MAC PDU of the PDSCH communication. As shown by reference number 840, if the UE 120 successfully receives the RAR, the UE 120 may transmit a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) ACK.
[0170] As shown by reference number 830 and / or 835, in the example of a four-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit an RRC connection setup message. The RRC connection setup message may be referred to as message 4, msg4, MSG4, or a fourth message of a four-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RRC connection setup message may include the detected UE identifier, a timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information.
[0171] In some examples, the UE 120 may receive an indication of one or more associated IDs via the response message of the random access procedure (e.g., Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB) (e.g., as shown by reference numbers 830 and / or reference number 835) . In some examples, the UE 120 may receive the indication of the one or more associated IDs (e.g., a single associated ID or a subset of one or more associated IDs supported by the UE 120) via the response message of the random access procedure (e.g., Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB) based on transmitting the indication of one or more associated IDs (e.g., for AI / ML models and / or functionalities) that are supported by the UE 120. For example, receiving the indication of the one or more associated IDs may be in response to the UE 120 reporting the one or more capabilities of the UE 120 and / or conditions of the UE 120 in Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA. For example, the indicated one or more associated IDs may correspond to UE-reported capabilities / conditions.
[0172] As shown by reference number 840, if the UE 120 successfully receives the RRC connection setup message, the UE 120 may transmit a HARQ ACK. The UE 120 may transmit the HARQ-ACK message to indicate successful completion of the RACH procedure.
[0173] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 8.
[0174] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture 900 of a functional framework for RAN intelligence enabled by data collection, in accordance with the present disclosure. In some scenarios, the functional framework for RAN intelligence may be enabled by further enhancement of data collection through use cases and / or examples. For example, principles or algorithms for RAN intelligence enabled by AI / ML and the associated functional framework (e.g., the AI functionality and / or the input / output of the component for AI enabled optimization) have been utilized or studied to identify the benefits of AI enabled RAN through possible use cases (e.g., beam management, energy saving, load balancing, mobility management, and / or coverage optimization, among other examples) . In one example, as shown by the architecture 900, a functional framework for RAN intelligence may include multiple logical entities, such as a model training host 902, a model inference host 904, data sources 906, and an actor 908.
[0175] The model inference host 904 may be configured to run an AI / ML model based on inference data provided by the data sources 906, and the model inference host 904 may produce an output (e.g., a prediction, or in the examples described herein a prediction of channel characteristics used to select a beam for communication) with the inference data input to the actor 908. The actor 908 may be an element or an entity of a core network or a RAN. For example, the actor 908 may be a UE, a network node, base station (e.g., a gNB) , a CU, a DU, and / or an RU, among other examples. In addition, the actor 908 may also depend on the type of tasks performed by the model inference host 904, type of inference data provided to the model inference host 904, and / or type of output produced by the model inference host 904. For example, if the output from the model inference host 904 is associated with beam management, then the actor 908 may be a UE, a DU or an RU. In other examples, if the output from the model inference host 904 is associated with Tx / Rx scheduling, then the actor 908 may be a CU or a DU.
[0176] After the actor 908 receives an output from the model inference host 904, the actor 908 may determine whether to act based on the output. For example, if the actor 908 is a DU or an RU and the output from the model inference host 904 is associated with beam management, the actor 908 may determine whether to change / modify a Tx / Rx beam based on the output. If the actor 908 determines to act based on the output, the actor 908 may indicate the action to at least one subject of action 910. For example, if the actor 908 determines to change / modify a Tx / Rx beam for a communication between the actor 908 and the subject of action 910 (e.g., a UE 120) , then the actor 908 may transmit a beam (re-) configuration or a beam switching indication to the subject of action 910. The actor 908 may modify its Tx / Rx beam based on the beam (re-) configuration, such as switching to a new Tx / Rx beam or applying different parameters for a Tx / Rx beam, among other examples. As another example, the actor 908 may be a UE and the output from the model inference host 904 may be associated with beam management. For example, the output may be one or more predicted measurement values for one or more beams. The actor 908 (e.g., a UE) may determine that a measurement report (e.g., a Layer 1 (L1) RSRP report) is to be transmitted to a network node 110.
[0177] The data sources 906 may also be configured for collecting data that is used as training data for training an ML model or as inference data for feeding an ML model inference operation. For example, the data sources 906 may collect data from one or more core network and / or RAN entities, which may include the subject of action 910, and provide the collected data to the model training host 902 for ML model training. For example, after a subject of action 910 (e.g., a UE 120) receives a beam configuration from the actor 908, the subject of action 910 may provide performance feedback associated with the beam configuration to the data sources 906, where the performance feedback may be used by the model training host 902 for monitoring or evaluating the ML model performance, such as whether the output (e.g., prediction) provided to the actor 908 is accurate. In some examples, if the output provided by the actor 908 is inaccurate (or the accuracy is below an accuracy threshold) , then the model training host 902 may determine to modify or retrain the ML model used by the model inference host, such as via an ML model deployment / update.
[0178] In some examples, the architecture 900 may demonstrate an exemplary framework of the functions and / or training of an AI / ML model or functionality at an actor 908 (e.g., a UE) for AI / ML model-based beam prediction before completion of an initial access procedure. The AI / ML model and / or functionality represented by architecture 900 may associated with or identified by one or more associated IDs. An associated ID, as used herein, may refer to a dataset, a configuration, a scenario, a codebook, a functionality, and / or or a model identifier, among other examples. The associated ID may identify network-side conditions (e.g., additional conditions) related to assumptions made by the UE that are associated with AI / ML life cycle management (e.g., data collection, training, deployment, inference, performance monitoring, activation, deactivation, switching, among other examples) . In some examples, if a same associated ID is identified across training and inference, a same set of network-side additional conditions may be assumed by the UE across training and inference. Network-side additional conditions for beam prediction may include one or more of: numbering, ordering, and / or indexing of a set of beams (e.g., Set A as described with reference to Fig. 5) associated with the first set of resources and / or a set of beams (e.g., Set B as described with reference to Fig. 5) associated with the second set of resources; absolute and / or relative communication beam pointing directions (e.g., with respect to boresight direction relative to the center of a transmit antenna panel) ; beam shapes (e.g., such as angular-specific beam forming gains) ; quasi co-location beam relationships (e.g., across and / or within Set A and / or Set B beams) ; or temporal parameters (e.g., a periodicity of Set A and / or Set B beams, target future occasions for temporal prediction, among other examples) . Therefore, network-side additional conditions may impact UE-side AI / ML model assumptions when a same associated ID is received during training and inference. Accordingly, multiple different AI / ML models at the actor 908 may each be associated or trained with a single associated ID, or a single model may be adjusted by any of a plurality of supported associated IDs.
[0179] For example, when the actor 908 is performing an initial access procedure with a wireless communication device, the network-side additional conditions may be network node or cell-specific and in order to coordinate beam prediction while connecting to a particular network node or cell, the actor 908 may benefit from identifying an associated ID that, when training the AI / ML model with the network-side additional conditions corresponding to the associated ID, may result in an accurate beam prediction. That is, network-side additional conditions may not be universal. As a result, an associated ID used to train a model while connecting to a first cell may not necessarily be effective when connecting to a second cell. Additionally, or alternatively, additional considerations may vary across network node manufacturers, geographical locations, and / or network node vendors, among other examples.
[0180] Thus, the actor 908 may receive, be indicated with, or may store a list of supported associated IDs for AI / ML model and / or functionality training. Therefore, when performing an initial access procedure with a wireless communication device, the actor 908 may receive or otherwise identify an associated ID that identifies network-side additional conditions specific to the accessed wireless communication device. In such examples, the network-side additional conditions indicated by the identified associated ID may be used alongside the data collected by the data sources 906 to train or feed the model for AI / ML-based beam prediction.
[0181] As indicated above, Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 9.
[0182] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with artificial intelligence functionality or model identification for initial access.
[0183] As shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include identifying, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing an RRC connection with the first cell, one or more associated IDs (block 1010) . For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may identify, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing an RRC connection with the first cell, one or more associated IDs, as described above with regard to reference number 640 of Fig. 6.
[0184] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include predicting one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell (block 1020) . For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may predict one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell, as described above with regard to reference number 645 of Fig. 6.
[0185] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include communicating, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources (block 1030) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1102, transmission component 1104, and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may communicate, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources, as described above with regard to reference number 655 of Fig. 6.
[0186] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0187] In a first aspect, process 1000 includes identifying, using the one or more channel characteristics, the first set of one or more resources, wherein the first set of one or more resources comprises a first quantity of SSBs associated with the first cell for the initial access associated with the first cell, as described above in conjunction with reference number 645 of Fig. 6.
[0188] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises identifying the one or more associated IDs from a list of associated IDs stored by the UE, as described above with regard to reference number 640 of Fig. 6.
[0189] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises identifying the one or more associated IDs in association with one or more geographical zones and a location of the UE, as described above with regard to reference numbers 605 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0190] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, a plurality of associated IDs from the list of associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE, the method further comprising predicting a first channel characteristic for the first set of one or more resources using a first AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality associated with a first associated ID of the plurality of associated IDs, the first associated ID associated with a first priority, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources comprises predicting a second channel characteristic for the first set of one or more resources using a second AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality associated with a second associated ID of the plurality of associated IDs, the second associated ID associated with a second priority, and identifying the first set of one or more resources comprising a first quantity of SSBs associated with the second associated ID, wherein the first AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality is associated with a failure to establish the RRC connection, as described above with regard to reference numbers 605 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0191] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, process 1000 includes identifying whether the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE, as described above with regard to reference numbers 605 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0192] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the location of the UE is a predicted location of the UE or a current location of the UE, as described above with regard to reference numbers 605 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0193] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 1000 includes measuring a channel characteristic for each resource of the second set of one or more resources, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources comprises predicting the channel characteristic for each resource of the first set of one or more resources using at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality associated with the one or more associated IDs, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE, and wherein the first cell and the second cell are a same cell, as described above with regard to reference numbers 605 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0194] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, process 1000 includes measuring a channel characteristic for each resource of the second set of one or more resources, wherein the second set of resources are associated with a first frequency band, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources comprises predicting, using at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality, the channel characteristic for each resource of the first set of one or more resources, wherein the first set of resources are associated with a second frequency band, and, the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE, as described above with regard to reference numbers 605 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0195] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, process 1000 includes monitoring for one or more physical broadcast channel blocks comprising a DMRS scrambling sequence, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises identifying that the associated ID is associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence, and each associated ID of the list of associated IDs is associated with one or more DMRS scrambling sequences, as described above with regard to reference numbers 620 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0196] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, at least one of a PSS identifier or an SSS identifier is associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence, and wherein the associated ID is associated with the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier, as described above with regard to reference numbers 615, 620, and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0197] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, an identifier of the second set of one or more resources is associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence and the associated ID is associated with the identifier of the second set of one or more resources, as described above with regard to reference numbers 620 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0198] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, process 1000 includes receiving a MIB comprising the one or more associated IDs, as described above with regard to reference numbers 620 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0199] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises identifying a plurality of associated IDs associated with a location of the UE, or at least one of a PSS ID or an SSS identifier associated with the UE, wherein the plurality of associated IDs comprises the one or more associated IDs received in the MIB, as described above with regard to reference numbers 615, 620, and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0200] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, process 1000 includes receiving a downlink control message comprising system information, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the system information, as described above with regard to reference numbers 630 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0201] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, process 1000 includes receiving a downlink random access message comprising an indication of the one or more associated IDs, as described above with regard to reference numbers 635 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0202] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the one or more associated IDs are associated with one or more of a capability of the UE or a location of the UE, as described above with regard to reference number 635 of Fig. 6.
[0203] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the downlink random access message comprises at least one of a Msg2, a Msg4, or a MsgB, as described above with r regard to reference number 635 of Fig. 6.
[0204] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, the one or more associated IDs are associated with the measurement of the second set of one or more resources, as described above with regard to reference numbers 610 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0205] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, process 1000 includes identifying a spatial-temporal occurrence pattern of the second set of one or more resources, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the spatial-temporal occurrence pattern, as described above with regard to reference numbers 610 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0206] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, process 1000 includes identifying a location of the UE prior to the initial access associated with the first cell, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs is associated with the location of the UE, as described above with regard to reference numbers 605 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0207] In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the first cell and the second cell are a same cell, as described above in conjunction with reference number 645 of Fig. 6.
[0208] In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the first cell and the second cell are different cells, as described above in conjunction with reference number 645 of Fig. 6.
[0209] In a twenty-third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-second aspects, identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises receiving at least one of a PSS or an SSS, identifying at least one of a PSS identifier associated with the PSS or an SSS identifier associated with the SSS, and identifying the one or more associated IDs associated with the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier, as described above in conjunction with reference numbers 615 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0210] In a twenty-fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-third aspects, one or more of the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier associated with the one or more associated IDs is prioritized for identifying the first set of one or more resources during the initial access, as described above in conjunction with reference numbers 615 and 640 of Fig. 6.
[0211] In a twenty-fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fourth aspects, the PSS identifier is associated with the AI / ML functionality and the SSS identifier is associated with the AI / ML model associated with the AI / ML functionality, as described above in conjunction with reference numbers 615 640 of Fig. 6.
[0212] Although Fig. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0213] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1100 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 includes a reception component 1102, a transmission component 1104, and / or a communication manager 1106, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1100 may communicate with another apparatus 1108, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1102 and the transmission component 1104.
[0214] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 4-9. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0215] The reception component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1108. The reception component 1102 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0216] The transmission component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may be co-located with the reception component 1102 in one or more transceivers.
[0217] The communication manager 1106 may support operations of the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104. For example, the communication manager 1106 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1102 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1104. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1106 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0218] The below paragraphs are for the method claim set starting with claim 1.
[0219] The communication manager 1106 may identify, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing an RRC connection with the first cell, one or more associated IDs. The communication manager 1106 may predict one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an AI / ML model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell. The reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104 may communicate, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources.
[0220] The communication manager 1106 may identify, using the one or more channel characteristics, the first set of one or more resources, wherein the first set of one or more resources comprises a first quantity of SSBs associated with the first cell for the initial access associated with the first cell.
[0221] The communication manager 1106 may identify whether the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE.
[0222] The communication manager 1106 may measure a channel characteristic for each resource of the second set of one or more resources.
[0223] The communication manager 1106 may measure a channel characteristic for each resource of the second set of one or more resources, wherein the second set of resources are associated with a first frequency band.
[0224] The communication manager 1106 may monitor for one or more physical broadcast channel blocks comprising a DMRS scrambling sequence, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises identifying that the associated ID is associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence, wherein each associated ID of the list of associated IDs is associated with one or more DMRS scrambling sequences.
[0225] The reception component 1102 may receive an MIB comprising the one or more associated IDs.
[0226] The reception component 1102 may receive a downlink control message comprising system information, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the system information.
[0227] The reception component 1102 may receive a downlink random access message comprising an indication of the one or more associated IDs.
[0228] The communication manager 1106 may identify a spatial-temporal occurrence pattern of the second set of one or more resources, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the spatial-temporal occurrence pattern.
[0229] The communication manager 1106 may identify a location of the UE prior to the initial access associated with the first cell, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs is associated with the location of the UE.
[0230] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 11 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 11. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 11 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 11.
[0231] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0232] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: identifying, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first cell, one or more associated identifiers (IDs) ; predicting one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an artificial intelligence and / or machine learning (AI / ML) model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell; and communicating, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources.
[0233] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, further comprising: identifying, using the one or more channel characteristics, the first set of one or more resources, wherein the first set of one or more resources comprises a first quantity of synchronization blocks (SSBs) associated with the first cell for the initial access associated with the first cell.
[0234] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises: identifying the one or more associated IDs from a list of associated IDs stored by the UE.
[0235] Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 3, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises: identifying the one or more associated IDs in association with one or more geographical zones and a location of the UE.
[0236] Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 4, wherein a plurality of associated IDs from the list of associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE, the method further comprising: predicting a first channel characteristic for the first set of one or more resources using a first AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality associated with a first associated ID of the plurality of associated IDs, the first associated ID associated with a first priority, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources comprises: predicting a second channel characteristic for the first set of one or more resources using a second AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality associated with a second associated ID of the plurality of associated IDs, the second associated ID associated with a second priority; and identifying the first set of one or more resources comprising a first quantity of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the second associated ID, wherein the first AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality is associated with a failure to establish the RRC connection.
[0237] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 4-5, further comprising: identifying whether the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE.
[0238] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspect 4-6, wherein the location of the UE is a predicted location of the UE or a current location of the UE.
[0239] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 4-7, further comprising: measuring a channel characteristic for each resource of the second set of one or more resources, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources comprises: predicting the channel characteristic for each resource of the first set of one or more resources using at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality associated with the one or more associated IDs, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE, and wherein the first cell and the second cell are a same cell. wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources comprises: predicting the channel characteristic for each resource of the first set of one or more resources using at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality associated with the one or more associated IDs, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE, and wherein the first cell and the second cell are a same cell.
[0240] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 4-8 further comprising: measuring a channel characteristic for each resource of the second set of one or more resources, wherein the second set of resources are associated with a first frequency band, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources comprises: predicting, using at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality, the channel characteristic for each resource of the first set of one or more resources, wherein the first set of resources are associated with a second frequency band, and, and wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE. wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources comprises: predicting, using at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality, the channel characteristic for each resource of the first set of one or more resources, wherein the first set of resources are associated with a second frequency band, and, and wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE.
[0241] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 3-9, further comprising: monitoring for one or more physical broadcast channel blocks comprising a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) scrambling sequence, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises: identifying that the associated ID is associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence, wherein each associated ID of the list of associated IDs is associated with one or more DMRS scrambling sequences.
[0242] Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 10, wherein at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) identifier or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) identifier is associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence, and wherein the associated ID is associated with the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier.
[0243] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 10 and 11, wherein an identifier of the second set of one or more resources is associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence and the associated ID is associated with the identifier of the second set of one or more resources.
[0244] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 3-12, further comprising: receiving a master information block (MIB) comprising the one or more associated IDs.
[0245] Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 13, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises: identifying a plurality of associated IDs associated with: a location of the UE, or at least one of a PSS identifier or an SSS identifier associated with the UE, wherein the plurality of associated IDs comprises the one or more associated IDs received in the MIB.
[0246] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspect 3-14, further comprising: receiving a downlink control message comprising system information, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the system information.
[0247] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspect 3-15, further comprising: receiving a downlink random access message comprising an indication of the one or more associated IDs.
[0248] Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 16, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with one or more of a capability of the UE or a location of the UE.
[0249] Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 16 and 17, wherein the downlink random access message comprises at least one of a Msg2, a Msg4, or a MsgB.
[0250] Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 16-18, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the measurement of the second set of one or more resources.
[0251] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 3-20, further comprising: identifying a spatial-temporal occurrence pattern of the second set of one or more resources, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the spatial-temporal occurrence pattern.
[0252] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 1-20, further comprising: identifying a location of the UE prior to the initial access associated with the first cell, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs is associated with the location of the UE.
[0253] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 1-21, wherein the first cell and the second cell are a same cell.
[0254] Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 1-21, wherein the first cell and the second cell are different cells.
[0255] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 1-23, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises: receiving at least one of a PSS or an SSS; identifying at least one of a PSS identifier associated with the PSS or an SSS identifier associated with the SSS; and identifying the one or more associated IDs associated with the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier.
[0256] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, wherein one or more of the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier associated with the one or more associated IDs is prioritized for identifying the first set of one or more resources during the initial access.
[0257] Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 24 and 25, wherein the PSS identifier is associated with the AI / ML functionality and the SSS identifier is associated with the AI / ML model associated with the AI / ML functionality.
[0258] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.
[0259] Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.
[0260] Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.
[0261] Aspect 30: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.
[0262] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.
[0263] Aspect 32: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.
[0264] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.
[0265] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0266] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0267] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0268] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0269] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one. ”
[0270] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to:identify, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first cell, one or more associated identifiers (IDs) ;predict one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an artificial intelligence and / or machine learning (AI / ML) model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell; andcommunicate, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to identify the one or more associated IDs, are further configured to:identify the one or more associated IDs from a list of associated IDs stored by the UE.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to identify the one or more associated IDs, are further configured to:identify the one or more associated IDs in association with one or more geographical zones and a location of the UE.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein a plurality of associated IDs from the list of associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE and wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively are further configured to:predict a first channel characteristic for the first set of one or more resources using a first AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality associated with a first associated ID of the plurality of associated IDs, the first associated ID associated with a first priority, andwherein the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to predict the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources, are further configured to:predict a second channel characteristic for the first set of one or more resources using a second AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality associated with a second associated ID of the plurality of associated IDs, the second associated ID associated with a second priority; andidentify the first set of one or more resources comprising a first quantity of SSBs associated with the second associated ID, wherein the first AI / ML model or AI / ML functionality is associated with a failure to establish the RRC connection.5.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively are further configured to:identify whether the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE.6.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively are further configured to:measure a channel characteristic for each resource of the second set of one or more resources, andwherein the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to predict the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources are further configured to:predict the channel characteristic for each resource of the first set of one or more resources using at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality associated with the one or more associated IDs, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE, and wherein the first cell and the second cell are a same cell.7.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively are further configured to:measure a channel characteristic for each resource of the second set of one or more resources, wherein the second set of resources are associated with a first frequency band, andwherein the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to predict the one or more channel characteristics for the first set of one or more resources are further configured to:predict, using at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality, the channel characteristic for each resource of the first set of one or more resources, wherein the first set of resources are associated with a second frequency band, and, and wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the location of the UE.8.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively are further configured to:monitor for one or more physical broadcast channel blocks comprising a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) scrambling sequence, wherein identifying the one or more associated IDs comprises:identify that the associated ID is associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence, wherein each associated ID of the list of associated IDs is associated with one or more DMRS scrambling sequences.9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) identifier or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) identifier is associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence, and wherein the associated ID is associated with the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier.10.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein an identifier of the second set of one or more resources is associated with the DMRS scrambling sequence and the associated ID is associated with the identifier of the second set of one or more resources.11.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively are further configured to:receive a master information block (MIB) comprising the one or more associated IDs.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to identify the one or more associated IDs, are further configured to:identify a plurality of associated IDs associated with:a location of the UE, orat least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) identifier or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) identifier associated with the UE,wherein the plurality of associated IDs comprises the one or more associated IDs received in the MIB.13.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively are further configured to:receive a downlink control message comprising system information, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the system information.14.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively are further configured to:receive a downlink random access message comprising an indication of the one or more associated IDs.15.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively are further configured to:identify a spatial-temporal occurrence pattern of the second set of one or more resources, wherein the one or more associated IDs are associated with the spatial-temporal occurrence pattern.16.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to identify the one or more associated IDs, are further configured to:receive at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ;identify at least one of a PSS identifier associated with the PSS or an SSS identifier associated with the SSS; andidentify the one or more associated IDs associated with the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier.17.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein one or more of the PSS identifier or the SSS identifier associated with the one or more associated IDs is prioritized for identifying the first set of one or more resources during the initial access.18.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the PSS identifier is associated with the AI / ML functionality and the SSS identifier is associated with the AI / ML model associated with the AI / ML functionality.19.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:identifying, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first cell, one or more associated identifiers (IDs) ;predicting one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an artificial intelligence and / or machine learning (AI / ML) model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell; andcommunicating, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources.20.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising:one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) , cause the UE to:identify, before or during initial access associated with a first cell and prior to establishing a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first cell, one or more associated identifiers (IDs) ;predict one or more channel characteristics for a first set of one or more resources using at least one of an artificial intelligence and / or machine learning (AI / ML) model or an AI / ML functionality, wherein the at least one of the AI / ML model or the AI / ML functionality is associated with an associated ID of the one or more associated IDs, and wherein predicting the one or more channel characteristics is associated with a measurement of a second set of one or more resources associated with a second cell; andcommunicate, in accordance with the one or more channel characteristics, one or more signals associated with establishing an RRC connection using the first set of one or more resources.
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