Artificial fishing reef

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of aquatic ecological environments. Disclosed is an artificial fishing reef, comprising a bottom plate, a fishing reef main body and a tube frame, wherein the fishing reef main body is of a hollow structure and is open at upper and lower ends; the bottom of the fishing reef main body is connected to the bottom plate; side surfaces of the fishing reef main body are inclined towards the inner side from bottom to top; the tube frame is formed by assembling a plurality of tube bodies and is in a grid shape; the intersections of any two connected tube bodies are communicated; the tube frame is arranged in the fishing reef main body; two ends of each tube body respectively pass through the two corresponding side surfaces of the fishing reef main body and are communicated with the outside; the two ends of each tube body are respectively fixed on the two corresponding side surfaces of the fishing reef main body; the bottom plate and the fishing reef main body are both of a reinforced concrete structure; and the reinforced concrete structure is formed by using high-corrosion-resistant steel bars and pouring modified seawater-sea sand concrete. The artificial fishing reef has strong corrosion resistance and improved durability, and produces a good fish-gathering effect.

Description

An artificial fish reef TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of water ecological environment, in particular to an artificial fish reef. BACKGROUND

[0002] The artificial fish reef is a structure placed in the natural water environment for repairing and optimizing the water ecological environment, which is used to proliferate and attract various marine organisms by proper production and placement, so as to improve the water ecological environment. After the artificial fish reef is put into the sea, the complex structure of the fish reef and the new environment formed after the placement of the fish reef, such as flow, light, sound, taste and organisms, provide a place for various fish to forage, avoid danger, spawn and locate, thus attracting many fish. This is the general mechanism of the artificial fish reef for fish gathering.

[0003] After the artificial fish reef is put into the seabed, it will change the flow field structure of the seabed and be affected by the water flow reaction force and the erosion of salt substances in seawater. The current artificial fish reef adopts a steel reinforced concrete structure with weak corrosion resistance. Under the long-term effect, the steel reinforced concrete structure is easily corroded and disintegrated and broken under the influence of the water flow reaction force. Under the influence of the flow field, the artificial fish reef is destroyed, its ecological function is affected and weakened or even lost, and the disintegrated fragments of the artificial fish reef may squeeze and damage the local original coral reef. At the same time, the current artificial fish reef does not have a significant effect on fish gathering.

[0004] SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides an artificial fish reef with strong corrosion resistance, improved durability and good fish gathering effect.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following scheme:

[0007] The present application provides an artificial fish reef, which comprises a bottom plate, a fish reef main body and a pipe frame. The fish reef main body is a hollow structure with open upper and lower ends. The bottom of the fish reef main body is connected to the bottom plate. Each side surface of the fish reef main body is inclined inward from bottom to top. The pipe frame is assembled by a plurality of pipe bodies and has a grid shape. The intersection of any two connected pipe bodies is connected. The pipe frame is arranged in the fish reef main body. The two ends of each pipe body are respectively connected to the outside through the two side surfaces of the fish reef main body. The two ends of each pipe body are respectively fixed to the two side surfaces of the fish reef main body. The bottom plate and the fish reef main body adopt a steel reinforced concrete structure. The steel reinforced concrete structure is made of high corrosion-resistant steel bars and modified seawater sea sand concrete.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of hole groups are sequentially arranged from bottom to top on each side of the fish reef body, and two ends of each of the pipe bodies are located in two hole groups respectively.

[0009] Preferably, four hole groups are sequentially arranged from bottom to top on each side of the fish reef body, and the four hole groups are a first hole group, a second hole group, a third hole group and a fourth hole group from bottom to top. The first hole group comprises a plurality of first holes sequentially arranged along the length direction of the side of the fish reef body. The second hole group comprises a plurality of second holes sequentially arranged along the length direction of the side of the fish reef body. The third hole group comprises a plurality of third holes sequentially arranged along the length direction of the side of the fish reef body. The fourth hole group comprises a plurality of fourth holes sequentially arranged along the length direction of the side of the fish reef body.

[0010] Preferably, the sizes of the first holes, the second holes, the third holes and the fourth holes sequentially decrease. The first holes are rectangular holes, and the second holes, the third holes and the fourth holes are circular holes.

[0011] Preferably, one end of each of the pipe bodies is fixed to one third hole through a fixing assembly. The fixing assembly comprises a pre-buried bolt, a locking nut, a limiting sheet and two fixing bolts. The pre-buried bolt is pre-buried on the bottom surface of the third hole. The lower part of each of the two ends of the pipe body is provided with a bolt connection hole for penetrating the pre-buried bolt and installing the locking nut on the upper part of the pre-buried bolt. The limiting sheet covers the upper part of one end of the pipe body, and the two ends of the limiting sheet are fixed to the side wall of the third hole through the fixing bolt.

[0012] Preferably, one fence is arranged in each of the fourth holes.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom plate is a Huizi-shaped plate. The fish reef body comprises four force bearing columns, four side walls, four cross beams, four first support beams and four second support beams. The lower ends of the four force bearing columns are arranged on the upper parts of the four corners of the bottom plate. One side wall is arranged between any two adjacent force bearing columns, and the bottom of the side wall is connected with the bottom plate. A plurality of hole groups are sequentially arranged from bottom to top on each of the side walls. One cross beam is arranged on the top of each of the side walls. The two ends of each of the cross beams are connected with two force bearing columns. One lifting ring is arranged on the top of each of the force bearing columns. One first support beam is arranged between any two adjacent cross beams. One second support beam is arranged between any two adjacent side walls.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of butt joint holes are sequentially arranged on the pipe body in the length direction, each of the butt joint holes penetrates two sides of the pipe body, and a plurality of through holes are arranged on the side wall of the pipe body.

[0015] Preferably, the modified seawater and sea sand concrete comprises seawater, sea sand, a steel bar rust inhibitor, a chloride ion curing agent, cement, gravel, a water reducing agent, fly ash, mineral powder and a defoaming agent.

[0016] Preferably, the steel bar rust inhibitor comprises 50 parts of N, N-dimethyl ethanolamine, 30 parts of a polycarboxylic acid terpolymer, 10 parts of 2-phenylimidazoline quaternary ammonium salt, 15 parts of a hydroxide, 5 parts of an aqueous polyaniline, 5 parts of a polyol phosphate ester and 60 parts of water.

[0017] The present application has the following technical effects relative to the prior art:

[0018] The artificial fish reef provided by the present application comprises a pipe body and a pipe frame, the pipe frame is arranged on the top of the pipe body, the pipe body is arranged in the pipe frame, and the pipe frame is arranged on the top of the pipe body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0020] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the artificial fish reef provided by the present application;

[0021] Fig. 2 is a front view of the artificial fish reef provided by the present application;

[0022] Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view of the pipe frame in the artificial fish reef provided by the present application;

[0023] Fig. 4 is a structural schematic view of the pipe body in the artificial fish reef provided by the present application;

[0024] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of installation of the pipe body in the artificial fish reef provided by the present application;

[0025] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top reinforcement of the bearing column in the artificial fish reef provided by the present application;

[0026] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a plurality of artificial fish reefs provided by the present application in the form of 241434 along the direction of the sea current;

[0027] Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a plurality of artificial fish reefs provided by the present application in the form of 243434 along the direction of the sea current.

[0028] Mark explanation: 100, artificial fish reef; 1, bottom plate; 2, bearing column; 3, side wall; 4, cross beam; 5, first support beam; 6, second support beam; 7, first hole; 8, second hole; 9, third hole; 10, fourth hole; 11, fence; 12, pipe rack; 121, pipe body; 122, butt joint hole; 123, through hole; 13, embedded bolt; 14, locking nut; 15, limiting piece; 16, fixing bolt; 17, top reinforcement; 18, lifting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0030] The purpose of the present application is to provide an artificial fish reef with strong corrosion resistance, improved durability and good fish gathering effect.

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] As shown in Figs. 1-8, the present embodiment provides an artificial fish reef 100, which comprises a bottom plate 1, a fish reef body and a pipe rack 12. The fish reef body is a hollow structure with open upper and lower ends. The bottom of the fish reef body is connected with the bottom plate 1. Each side surface of the fish reef body is inclined inward from bottom to top, i.e., the fish reef body adopts a structure with small upper end and large lower end. A certain slope is formed on each side surface, which can form an upflow to lift the nutrients on the seabed, promote the exchange and mixing of seawater around the reef body, attract fish gathering, improve the ecological environment, and make it not easy to be moved by the sea current.

[0033] The pipe frame 12 is assembled by a plurality of pipe bodies 121 and is in a grid shape, and any two pipe bodies 121 connected to each other are connected to each other at the intersection, the pipe frame 12 is arranged in the fish reef main body, and the two ends of each pipe body 121 are respectively connected to the outside through the two sides of the fish reef main body, and the two ends of each pipe body 121 are respectively fixed on the two sides of the fish reef main body. The outer surface of the pipe body 121 can provide a basis for the aggregation of algae, shellfish and other attached organisms, and can form a large-scale algae net to provide more bait for fish; at the same time, the inside of the pipe body 121 can provide a living place for fish, and can also provide more hidden shelters, thereby more quickly attracting fish.

[0034] The bottom plate 1 and the fish reef main body are both made of reinforced concrete structure, the reinforced concrete structure is made of high corrosion-resistant steel bars and modified seawater and sea sand concrete, has strong corrosion resistance, improves the durability of the artificial fish reef 100, is not easy to be damaged in use, and can cooperate well with the original coral reef in the local area.

[0035] The fish reef main body is arranged with a plurality of hole groups from bottom to top on each side, and the two ends of each pipe body 121 are located in two hole groups, respectively, and the top of the fish reef main body is provided with a plurality of lifting rings 18.

[0036] The fish reef main body is arranged with four hole groups from bottom to top on each side, and the four hole groups are respectively a first hole group, a second hole group, a third hole group and a fourth hole group from bottom to top, the first hole group comprises a plurality of first holes 7 arranged in sequence along the length direction of the side of the fish reef main body, the second hole group comprises a plurality of second holes 8 arranged in sequence along the length direction of the side of the fish reef main body, the third hole group comprises a plurality of third holes 9 arranged in sequence along the length direction of the side of the fish reef main body, and the fourth hole group comprises a plurality of fourth holes 10 arranged in sequence along the length direction of the side of the fish reef main body.

[0037] In the embodiment, the plurality of hole groups on each side are arranged in layers, and the sizes of the first holes 7, the second holes 8, the third holes 9 and the fourth holes 10 decrease in sequence, which is beneficial to the coexistence of fish of different sizes.

[0038] In the embodiment, the first holes 7 are rectangular holes, and the second holes 8, the third holes 9 and the fourth holes 10 are circular holes.

[0039] The two ends of each pipe body 121 are respectively located in two third holes 9, and one end of each pipe body 121 is fixed in one third hole 9 by a fixing assembly, which comprises a pre-buried bolt 13, a locking nut 14, a limiting sheet 15 and two fixing bolts 16. The pre-buried bolt 13 is pre-buried on the bottom surface of the third hole 9, and the lower part of the two ends of each pipe body 121 is provided with a bolt connecting hole for penetrating the pre-buried bolt 13, and the locking nut 14 is installed on the upper part of the pre-buried bolt 13. The locking nut 14 is screwed to abut against the inner side wall of the pipe body 121 to fix the pipe body 121. In order to make the pipe body 121 more firmly installed in the third hole 9, the limiting sheet 15 covers the upper part of one end of the pipe body 121, and the two ends of the limiting sheet 15 are fixed to the side wall of the third hole 9 by a fixing bolt 16.

[0040] The limiting sheet 15 in the embodiment is an aluminum sheet with a thickness of 2 mm and a width of 120 mm. In use, the aluminum sheet is bent into an arc surface structure to cover the upper part of the pipe body 121. The pipe body 121 in the embodiment is a PVC pipe.

[0041] A fence 11 is arranged in each fourth hole 10 to divide the fourth hole 10 into multiple small areas, thereby limiting the size of the fish that can pass through. The fence 11 in the embodiment is a steel fence.

[0042] The bottom plate 1 in the embodiment is a Huizi-shaped plate, which can be firmly placed on the seabed under the action of sedimentation and its own weight, and has a relatively wide bottom surface, which is not easy to fall down, thereby providing a relatively stable living place for the fish population.

[0043] The fish reef main body comprises four force bearing columns 2, four side walls 3, four cross beams 4, four first support beams 5 and four second support beams 6. The lower ends of the four force bearing columns 2 are arranged on the upper parts of the four corners of the bottom plate 1. A side wall 3 is arranged between any two adjacent force bearing columns 2. The two sides of each side wall 3 are connected with two force bearing columns 2, and the bottom of the side wall 3 is connected with the bottom plate 1. A plurality of hole groups are arranged on each side wall 3 from bottom to top. A cross beam 4 is arranged at the top of each side wall 3. The two ends of each cross beam 4 are connected with two force bearing columns 2. A lifting ring 18 is arranged at the top of each force bearing column 2. A first support beam 5 is arranged between any two adjacent cross beams 4. A second support beam 6 is arranged between any two adjacent side walls 3. The first support beam 5 and the second support beam 6 make the fish reef main body structure more firm. In the embodiment, ropes and other objects can be tied on the first support beam 5 and the second support beam 6 to better simulate the marine environment such as seaweed.

[0044] The lifting ring 18 in the embodiment is a cross-shaped lifting ring, which is overlapped and welded with the top reinforcing bar 17 of the bearing column 2, and the length of the welding seam is not less than 250 mm.

[0045] The fish reef body in the embodiment is a radial symmetric structure, and each side surface is provided with a plurality of hole groups, so that water flow and carried silt can pass through, thereby avoiding silt accumulation on the side surface of the fish reef body, reducing silt scouring phenomenon, and preventing burying or overturning of the artificial fish reef 100 due to bottom seabed being transported and hollowed by the sea current.

[0046] The outer edge and the inner edge of the top surface of the fish reef body are both square, the outer edge and the inner edge of the bottom surface are both square, the outer length of the top surface is 3400 mm, the outer length of the bottom surface is 3800 mm, the center of the top surface is aligned with the center of the bottom surface, and the height between the top surface and the bottom surface is 4000 mm.

[0047] In the embodiment, the outer length of the bottom plate 1 is greater than the outer length of the bottom surface of the fish reef body, and the difference between the outer length of the bottom plate 1 and the outer length of the bottom surface of the fish reef body is greater than 200 mm; the inner length of the bottom plate 1 is less than the inner length of the bottom surface of the fish reef body, and the difference between the inner length of the bottom surface of the fish reef body and the inner length of the bottom plate 1 is greater than 200 mm.

[0048] The pipe body 121 is sequentially provided with a plurality of butt joints 122 along the length direction, each butt joint 122 penetrates through both sides of the pipe body 121, and the side wall of the pipe body 121 is provided with a plurality of through holes 123, which provide a channel for small fish and are conducive to the growth of algae and other fish food, thereby achieving the effects of attracting fish groups, gathering fish groups, and improving ecology. In the embodiment, the number of through holes 123 on the side wall of the pipe body 121 is not more than 20, which can be regularly arranged or randomly arranged.

[0049] In the embodiment, the first hole group includes three first holes 7, the second hole group includes three second holes 8, the third hole group includes three third holes 9, and the fourth hole group includes three fourth holes 10. The pipe frame 12 includes six pipe bodies 121, and the pipe body 121 is sequentially provided with three butt joints 122 along the length direction. The six pipe bodies 121 are divided into two groups, the three pipe bodies 121 in the first group are parallel and spaced apart, the three pipe bodies 121 in the second group are perpendicular to the three pipe bodies 121 in the first group, and each pipe body 121 in the second group is sequentially inserted into the corresponding three butt joints 122 of the three pipe bodies 121 in the first group. The three butt joints 122 of each pipe body 121 in the second group correspond to the butt joints 122 on the three pipe bodies 121 in the first group in position, so that the intersection of any two connected pipe bodies 121 is connected.

[0050] The high corrosion-resistant steel bar in the embodiment is a low-cost high-strength corrosion-resistant steel bar developed by using low-cost Cr, Ti and Al elements. The Cr in the high corrosion-resistant steel bar can promote the transformation of the rust layer into compact a-FeOOH, and the Al and Ti provide anodic protection, while the Al generates compact AlzO3 dispersed on the surface of the rust layer to delay the corrosion of the corrosion medium to the substrate, and the Ti can be enriched in the rust layer in the form of spots or sheets to protect the intergranular corrosion to a certain extent.

[0051] The modified seawater-sea sand concrete in the embodiment comprises seawater, sea sand, a steel bar rust inhibitor, a chloride ion solidifying agent, cement, gravel, a water reducing agent, fly ash, mineral powder and a defoaming agent. The chloride ion solidifying agent hinders the movement of chloride ions in seawater and sea sand, thereby preventing corrosion.

[0052] There are two preparation methods for the chloride ion solidifying agent:

[0053] The first preparation method is: sodium metaaluminate 10 g + water 90 g = 100 g (a liquid)

[0054] Calcium oxide 4.35 g + calcium nitrite monohydrate 2.95 g + water 92.7 g = 100 g (b liquid)

[0055] Room temperature: slowly add the b liquid into the a liquid, and precipitates appear when half of the b liquid is added (1 h). After the addition is completed, the temperature is increased to 60 degrees, and crystallization is performed at room temperature for 4 h. The chloride ion solidifying agent is obtained by filtration.

[0056] The second preparation method is: sodium metaaluminate 10 g + water 90 g = 100 g (a liquid)

[0057] Calcium hydroxide 2 g + calcium nitrite monohydrate 4 g + water 94 g = 100 g (b liquid)

[0058] Room temperature: slowly add the b liquid into the a liquid, and precipitates appear when half of the b liquid is added (1 h). After the addition is completed, the temperature is increased to 60 degrees, and crystallization is performed at room temperature for 4 h. The chloride ion solidifying agent is obtained by filtration.

[0059] Specifically, the steel bar rust inhibitor comprises 50 parts of N, N-dimethyl ethanolamine, 30 parts of a polycarboxylic acid terpolymer, 10 parts of 2-phenylimidazoline quaternary ammonium salt, 15 parts of hydroxide, 5 parts of aqueous polyaniline, 5 parts of polyol phosphate, and 60 parts of water. The pH of the steel bar rust inhibitor in the embodiment is 12.4.

[0060] The preparation method of the steel bar rust inhibitor comprises the following steps: (1) add water in a container, and then heat to 50℃, and then add N, N-dimethyl ethanolamine, 2-phenylimidazoline quaternary ammonium salt, and aqueous polyaniline in sequence, and stir for 5 min; (2) continue to heat to 65℃, and then add polyol phosphate and polycarboxylic acid terpolymer again, and stir for 5 min, and finally add hydroxide to adjust the pH value.

[0061] In use, the plurality of artificial fish reefs 100 in this embodiment are arranged in a water area, as shown in Figure 7, arranged in the form of 241434 along the direction of the current, or, as shown in Figure 8, arranged in the form of 243434 along the direction of the current. When the artificial fish reefs 100 are placed, an automatic unhooking device can be used. After the artificial fish reefs 100 contact the natural mud surface, unhooking is performed.

[0062] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described in the specification by using specific examples, and the above description of the examples is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, the specific implementation manners and application ranges will be changed according to the idea of the present application. In summary, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. An artificial reef, characterized by, The utility model provides a fish reef, which comprises a bottom plate, a fish reef main body and a pipe frame, the fish reef main body is a hollow structure and is open at the upper and lower ends, the bottom of the fish reef main body is connected with the bottom plate, the side surface of the fish reef main body is arranged to be inclined towards the inner side from bottom to top, the pipe frame is assembled by a plurality of pipe bodies and is in a grid shape, the intersection of any two pipe bodies is connected, the pipe frame is arranged in the fish reef main body, the two ends of each pipe body are respectively communicated with the outside through the two side surfaces of the fish reef main body, and the two ends of each pipe body are respectively fixed on the two side surfaces of the fish reef main body, the bottom plate and the fish reef main body are both made of a reinforced concrete structure, and the reinforced concrete structure is made of high-erosion-resistant steel bars and modified seawater and sea sand concrete.

2. The artificial reef of claim 1, wherein, A plurality of hole groups are sequentially arranged on the side surface of the fish reef main body from bottom to top, and the two ends of each pipe body are respectively located in two hole groups.

3. The artificial reef of claim 2, wherein, Four hole groups are sequentially arranged on the side surface of the fish reef main body from bottom to top, and the four hole groups are a first hole group, a second hole group, a third hole group and a fourth hole group from bottom to top, the first hole group comprises a plurality of first holes sequentially arranged along the length direction of the side surface of the fish reef main body, the second hole group comprises a plurality of second holes sequentially arranged along the length direction of the side surface of the fish reef main body, the third hole group comprises a plurality of third holes sequentially arranged along the length direction of the side surface of the fish reef main body, and the fourth hole group comprises a plurality of fourth holes sequentially arranged along the length direction of the side surface of the fish reef main body.

4. The artificial reef of claim 3, wherein, The sizes of the first holes, the second holes, the third holes and the fourth holes sequentially decrease, the first holes are rectangular holes, and the second holes, the third holes and the fourth holes are circular holes.

5. The artificial reef of claim 3, wherein, One end of each pipe body is fixed in a third hole through a fixing assembly, the fixing assembly comprises a pre-buried bolt, a locking nut, a limiting sheet and two fixing bolts, the pre-buried bolt is pre-buried on the bottom surface of the third hole, the lower part of the two ends of each pipe body is provided with a bolt connecting hole, the bolt connecting hole is used for penetrating the pre-buried bolt, the locking nut is installed on the upper part of the pre-buried bolt, the limiting sheet covers the upper part of one end of the pipe body, and the two ends of the limiting sheet are fixed on the side wall of the third hole through the fixing bolts.

6. The artificial reef of claim 3, wherein, A fence is arranged in each fourth hole.

7. The artificial reef of claim 2, wherein, The bottom plate is a Huazi-shaped plate, the fish reef body comprises four force bearing columns, four side walls, four cross beams, four first support beams and four second support beams, the lower ends of the four force bearing columns are arranged on the upper portions of the four corners of the bottom plate respectively, one side wall is arranged between any two adjacent force bearing columns, the bottom of the side wall is connected with the bottom plate, a plurality of hole groups are sequentially arranged on each side wall from bottom to top, a cross beam is arranged on the top of each side wall, the two ends of each cross beam are connected with two force bearing columns, a lifting ring is arranged on the top of each force bearing column, a first support beam is arranged between any two adjacent cross beams, and a second support beam is arranged between any two adjacent side walls.

8. The artificial reef of claim 1, wherein, A plurality of butt joints are sequentially arranged on the pipe body in the length direction, each butt joint penetrates through the two sides of the pipe body, and a plurality of through holes are arranged on the side wall of the pipe body.

9. The artificial reef of claim 1, wherein, The modified seawater and sea sand concrete comprises seawater, sea sand, a steel bar rust inhibitor, a chloride ion curing agent, cement, gravel, a water reducing agent, fly ash, mineral powder and a defoaming agent.

10. The artificial reef of claim 9, wherein, The steel bar rust inhibitor comprises 50 parts of N, N-dimethyl ethanolamine, 30 parts of a polycarboxylic acid terpolymer, 10 parts of 2-phenylimidazoline quaternary ammonium salt, 15 parts of hydroxide, 5 parts of water-based polyaniline, 5 parts of polyol phosphate ester and 60 parts of water.

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