Fuel cell module and vehicle

Abstract

A fuel cell module and a vehicle. An insulating support assembly is arranged between a casing and a stack, and is in contact with each side surface of the stack and each inner side surface of a main housing, so as to support the side surfaces of the stack and resist interlayer slippage of the stack; and a plurality of insulating support members cover the entire stack from all directions, thereby achieving the fully-covering anti-slippage effect of a stack core. Two or more cross beams are arranged between the casing and the stack, and the main housing applies a fastening force towards an air intake end plate assembly by means of the cross beams, and cooperates with the air intake end plate assembly to apply a fastening force towards the cross beams, such that the main housing and the air intake end plate assembly jointly apply a fastening force in a stacking direction to the stack, thereby achieving packaging of the casing. Moreover, the spacing between the cross beams can allow a pressing head of a press to pass through, thereby not affecting the press-fitting operation of the press and facilitating the assembly of the stack.

Description

Fuel cell modules and vehicles Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202410823781.8, filed on June 25, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application belongs to the field of fuel cell technology, specifically relating to a fuel cell module and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0003] A fuel cell stack consists of multiple single cells connected in series, with components such as current collectors, insulation plates, air inlet plates, and blind end plates distributed at both ends. It needs to be stacked by applying a certain amount of fastening force through encapsulation components such as tie rods, steel strips, and screws.

[0004] With the accelerated industrialization of fuel cells, the trend towards ultra-high power is evident. Existing technologies mainly employ two approaches to improve the output power of fuel cell stacks: Approach one involves designing multiple stacks in series and parallel, using a series current connection and a parallel gas-liquid connection; Approach two increases the number of individual cells by improving the active area and output performance of each cell, thereby enhancing the output power and power density of a single fuel cell stack.

[0005] Currently, the second technical route presents a greater technological challenge. During the use of fuel cell stacks, they need to withstand external vibrations, shocks, and other excitations. For ultra-high-power fuel cells, due to the large number and size of individual cells, it is even more important to focus on improving the stack's resistance to interlayer slippage to prevent collapse or instability in the middle of the stack. Conventional encapsulation components, being fixed integrally with the stack, can support the sides of the stack while applying pressure, resisting interlayer slippage (also known as stack collapse). For example, invention application CN115411332A discloses a fuel cell stack that achieves anti-collapse function through tie rods and / or steel strips.

[0006] Fuel cell modules that use an integrated encapsulation typically require the outer casing to be pressed tightly against the sides of the stack to prevent slippage between stack layers; however, this approach makes stack assembly difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the current technical challenges of fuel cell modules in simultaneously achieving a limited variety and quantity of components, low assembly difficulty, and anti-collapse performance, this application provides a fuel cell module and a vehicle.

[0008] In a first aspect of this application, a fuel cell module is provided, comprising:

[0009] The housing includes a main shell, an air intake end plate assembly, and a blind end side plate. The main shell has an air intake port and a blind port that are interconnected. The air intake end plate assembly is connected to the main shell and covers the air intake port. The blind end side plate is connected to the main shell and covers the blind port.

[0010] A fuel cell stack is disposed in the main housing. The fuel cell stack includes the air inlet end plate assembly, the air inlet end current collector, the stack core, the blind end current collector and the blind end plate assembly arranged in sequence. The stack core includes two or more stacked single cells.

[0011] An insulating support assembly is disposed between the housing and the fuel cell stack, and the insulating support assembly is in contact with each side of the fuel cell stack and each inner side of the main housing; the insulating support assembly includes a plurality of insulating support members distributed circumferentially along the fuel cell stack.

[0012] Two or more crossbeams are spaced apart at one end of the housing near the blind end side plate; both ends of the two or more crossbeams are limited by the main housing, so that the main housing, together with the air intake end plate assembly, applies a fastening force along the stacking direction to the fuel cell stack.

[0013] In some optimized technical solutions, the insulating support extends along the stacking direction; multiple insulating supports are respectively distributed at each corner of the fuel cell stack and on each side of the fuel cell stack.

[0014] In some optimized technical solutions, at least one of the insulating support members is provided with a ridge, the end face of which contacts the fuel cell stack and / or the main housing; and / or, the inner side of the main housing is provided with one or more partial outward convex surfaces for contacting the insulating support member.

[0015] In some optimized technical solutions, two adjacent insulating supports, the main housing, and the fuel cell stack together form a cavity; the housing is provided with a purge inlet, a purge outlet, and a drain outlet communicating with at least one of the cavities;

[0016] The length of the ridge in contact with the main housing is less than the length of the body of the insulating support, so that the ridge, the body and the main housing form a purge channel connecting two adjacent cavities; or, the ridge has one or more recesses spaced apart, the recesses forming the purge channel; or, the ridges are spaced apart along the stacking direction, and the gap between two adjacent ridges forms the purge channel.

[0017] In some optimized technical solutions, the air intake end plate assembly is provided with multiple mounting slots, the blind end side plate is provided with multiple limiting posts, and one end of each of the multiple insulating support members is correspondingly disposed in the multiple mounting slots, and the other end corresponds to each of the multiple limiting posts.

[0018] The blind end plate assembly has multiple limiting protrusions on its periphery, and at least one of the insulating support members is engaged between two adjacent limiting protrusions.

[0019] In some optimized technical solutions, the main housing is provided with a plurality of protrusions spaced apart along the distribution direction of the crossbeams, and each crossbeam is sandwiched between two adjacent protrusions; the height of the protrusions is not greater than the thickness of the crossbeams;

[0020] The outer end face of the blind end plate assembly is provided with grooves corresponding to the crossbeams, and the crossbeams are located in the corresponding grooves; the groove depth is not greater than the thickness of the crossbeams.

[0021] In some optimized technical solutions, the distance between two adjacent crossbeams located in the middle is no greater than the distance between two adjacent crossbeams located at the edge.

[0022] In some optimized technical solutions, the positions of the insulating supports located on the two long sides of the fuel cell stack do not correspond.

[0023] In some optimized technical solutions, the fuel cell module further includes multiple spaced damping columns, which are staggered from the two or more crossbeams; all of the multiple damping columns are connected to the blind end side plate to abut against the fuel cell stack.

[0024] In some optimized technical solutions, the main housing is also provided with a low-pressure assembly port and a high-pressure installation port that are connected to both the air intake port and the blind port;

[0025] The fuel cell module further includes a high-voltage component and a low-voltage component. The high-voltage component includes a copper busbar assembly and an output terminal electrically connected to the copper busbar assembly. The copper busbar assembly is encapsulated in the main housing. The output terminal is installed in the high-voltage mounting port and is installed through the main housing. The low-voltage component is electrically connected to the tab of the single cell through the low-voltage mounting port.

[0026] In some optimized technical solutions, the main housing includes:

[0027] The frame includes an interconnected air inlet port, a blind port, a low-pressure assembly port, a high-pressure mounting port, an operating port, an upper opening, and a side opening. One side of the frame has an outward protrusion, where the high-pressure mounting port and the operating port are both located. A copper busbar assembly is electrically connected to the current collector of the fuel cell stack and is located within the outward protrusion. A through-terminal is installed in the outward protrusion. The connection between the copper busbar assembly and the current collector and / or the through-terminal is exposed through the operating port. The low-pressure assembly port is located on the same side as the outward protrusion, allowing the low-pressure assembly to be installed below the outward protrusion. The upper opening of the frame contains one or more longitudinal beams, which are staggered from the two or more transverse beams.

[0028] The upper cover plate is connected to the frame, covers the upper opening, and contacts the corresponding insulating support member;

[0029] A side cover plate is connected to the frame, covers the side opening, and contacts the corresponding insulating support.

[0030] A high-pressure operating cover plate is connected to the protruding part and covers the operating port.

[0031] In some optimized technical solutions, the low-voltage component includes a CVM main control module, several CVM acquisition modules, and several inspection harnesses. The several CVM acquisition modules are connected in series through the inspection harnesses and communicate via a daisy chain. The CVM acquisition module at the end is electrically connected to the CVM main control module. Several connectors for plugging into the tabs are integrated on the CVM acquisition module.

[0032] In some optimized technical solutions, the intake end plate assembly includes an end plate body and an insulating layer; the insulating layer at least covers the cavity wall of the flow channel cavity of the end plate body and the end face facing the core, so as to form an intake end insulating plate;

[0033] Alternatively, the air intake end plate may be made of plastic and serve as both the air intake end plate and the air intake end insulation plate of the fuel cell stack.

[0034] In some optimized technical solutions, the fuel cell module further includes an adapter that communicates with the flow channel of the intake end plate assembly; the adapter is provided with a pipe joint that connects to an external pipe, and the opening shape at the connection between the adapter and the flow channel of the intake end plate assembly is configured such that the opening for the flow of the reaction medium is rectangular, and the opening for the flow of the cooling medium is a composite shape of a rectangle and a semicircle or a semiellipse.

[0035] In some optimized technical solutions, the adapter and the air intake end plate are integrated into a single structure or a separate structure.

[0036] In some optimized technical solutions, the adapter integrates sensors for detecting pressure, temperature, and relative humidity.

[0037] In some optimized technical solutions, the single cell includes a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode; the bipolar plate is provided with an asymmetric sealing element to achieve a seal between the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode; the outer periphery of the bipolar plate is covered with an insulating covering element, and the insulating support element is in contact with both the insulating material and the insulating frame of the membrane electrode.

[0038] In some optimized technical solutions, the bipolar plate includes a cathode plate and an anode plate welded together, and the main openings of the cathode plate and the anode plate are arranged around the perimeter; the flow channels in the active areas of the cathode plate and the anode plate are both wave-type mixed flow channels including wavy segments and straight segments; the wave-type mixed flow channels of the cathode plate and the anode plate are staggered in the form of alternating wave crests and overlap in the straight segments, and the straight segments of the anode plate are welded to the straight segments of the cathode plate.

[0039] In some optimized technical solutions, the sidewall of one side of the ridge of the wave-shaped mixing channel is bent relative to the sidewall of the adjacent ridge of the channel, so as to form a tapering zone with a reduced cross-sectional area at the corner of the wave-shaped mixing channel located at odd or even positions.

[0040] In some optimized technical solutions, the active areas of both the cathode plate and the anode plate are... The thickness of the substrate of the cathode plate and the anode plate is 0.075~0.1mm; the material of the substrate is stainless steel plate or titanium plate.

[0041] In some optimized technical solutions, the active area of ​​the membrane electrode is Thickness is The proton exchange membrane of the membrane electrode has a thickness of [missing information]. The composite membrane; the anode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode is made of Pt / C or PtIr / C; the cathode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode is made of Pt / C, PtCo / C or PtCoMn / C; the gas diffusion layer of the membrane electrode is made of carbon paper or carbon cloth; the insulating frame adopts an inner and outer double frame structure.

[0042] In some optimized technical solutions, two or more empty cells are provided at both ends of the core. The empty cells are dummy cell structures that do not undergo electrochemical reactions and allow the flow of cooling medium.

[0043] In a second aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided that includes the fuel cell module described in the first aspect above.

[0044] According to one or more embodiments of this application, an insulating support assembly is provided between the casing and the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell module. The insulating support assembly contacts all sides of the fuel cell stack and all inner sides of the main casing, providing support to the sides of the fuel cell stack and resisting interlayer slippage. The insulating support assembly includes multiple spaced insulating support members, which are components independent of the casing and the fuel cell stack. Compared to the anti-collapse structure where the casing directly abuts against the fuel cell stack, multiple independent insulating support members are easier to install and reduce the difficulty of fuel cell stack assembly. The multiple insulating support members are distributed at least at each corner of the fuel cell stack, and the insulating support members at the corners of the fuel cell stack simultaneously contact two adjacent sides of the fuel cell stack. The multiple insulating support members fully enclose the fuel cell stack from all directions, achieving a full-core enclosed anti-slip effect.

[0045] According to one or more embodiments of this application, a fuel cell module has two or more crossbeams between the housing and the fuel cell stack. Each crossbeam is spaced apart at one end of the housing near the blind end side plate, and both ends are limited by the main housing. The main housing applies a fastening force towards the air intake end plate assembly through the crossbeams, and cooperates with the air intake end plate assembly in applying a fastening force towards the crossbeams, so that the main housing and the air intake end plate assembly jointly apply a fastening force to the fuel cell stack along the stacking direction, achieving housing encapsulation. The pressing force of the compressor is transferred by several crossbeams located at one end of the fuel cell stack. The spaced crossbeams form a limiting surface, jointly applying a fastening force to the fuel cell stack, resulting in uniform force distribution. Because the crossbeams are spaced apart, the gaps between them allow the press head of the compressor to pass through without affecting the press pressing operation, facilitating fuel cell stack assembly.

[0046] The fuel cell module provided according to one or more embodiments of this application, due to its encapsulated casing and the fact that it functions as both a shell end plate and an intake end plate in conjunction with the intake end plate assembly, improves the volumetric power density of the entire fuel cell module and facilitates stack assembly. By setting up insulating support components to fully enclose the stack from all directions, a core-enclosed anti-slip effect is achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell module in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0049] Figure 2 shows an exploded view of the fuel cell module in Figure 1.

[0050] Figure 3 shows a top view of the fuel cell module of Figure 1.

[0051] Figure 4 shows a front view of the fuel cell module of Figure 1 after the cover has been removed.

[0052] Figure 5 shows an AA cross-sectional view of the fuel cell module in Figure 4.

[0053] Figure 6 shows a magnified view of section B in Figure 5.

[0054] Figure 7 shows a magnified view of section C in Figure 5.

[0055] Figure 8 shows a magnified view of part D in Figure 5.

[0056] Figure 9 shows an EE cross-sectional view of the fuel cell module in Figure 4.

[0057] Figure 10 shows a magnified view of part F in Figure 9.

[0058] Figure 11 shows a magnified view of point G in Figure 9.

[0059] Figure 12A shows a schematic diagram of the corner support component in the fuel cell module of Figure 1.

[0060] Figure 12B shows a schematic diagram of the corner support component in the fuel cell module of Figure 1.

[0061] Figure 12C shows a left view of the corner support in the fuel cell module of Figure 1.

[0062] Figure 13A shows a schematic diagram of the side support structure in the fuel cell module of Figure 1.

[0063] Figure 13B shows a left view of the side support in the fuel cell module of Figure 1.

[0064] Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell module in some other embodiments of this application.

[0065] Figure 15 shows an exploded view of the fuel cell module of Figure 14.

[0066] Figure 16 shows a left view of the fuel cell module of Figure 14.

[0067] Figure 17A shows a schematic diagram of the corner support in the fuel cell module of Figure 14.

[0068] Figure 17B shows a left view of the corner support in the fuel cell module of Figure 14.

[0069] Figure 18A shows a schematic diagram of the side support structure in the fuel cell module of Figure 14.

[0070] Figure 18B shows a left view of the side support in the fuel cell module of Figure 14.

[0071] Figure 19 shows an assembly structure diagram of the crossbeam and disc spring support plate in a fuel cell module of some embodiments.

[0072] Figure 20 shows a schematic diagram of the low-pressure component of a fuel cell module in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0073] Figure 21 shows a schematic diagram of the air intake end plate assembly of a fuel cell module in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0074] Figure 22A shows a schematic diagram of the outer side of the intake end plate assembly of the fuel cell module in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0075] Figure 22B shows a schematic diagram of the inner side of the inlet end plate assembly of a fuel cell module in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0076] Figure 23 shows a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the intake end plate assembly and adapter of the fuel cell module in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0077] Figure 24 shows a schematic diagram of the sealing structure of the bipolar plate of a fuel cell module in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0078] Figure 25 shows a schematic diagram of the bipolar plate of a fuel cell module in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0079] Figure 26 shows a schematic diagram of the wave-shaped mixing channel of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell module in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0080] Figure 27 shows a schematic diagram of the structure at the flow channel corner of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell module in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0081] Figure 28 shows a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the fuel cell module core and low-pressure components in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0082] Figure 29 shows a schematic diagram of the fuel cell module during assembly in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0083] Figure 29A shows the front view of Figure 29.

[0084] Figure 30 shows the AA cross-sectional view of Figure 29A.

[0085] Figure 31 shows a magnified view of section C in Figure 30.

[0086] Figure 32 shows a magnified view of part D in Figure 30.

[0087] Figure 33 shows a structural block diagram of a vehicle in one or more embodiments of this application.

[0088] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0089] 1000 - Fuel Cell Module.

[0090] 10-Insulation support assembly; 11-Insulation support member; 11a-Side support member; 11b-Corner support member; 12-Through groove; 12a-Recess; 13-Raised ridge; 14-Purge channel; 15-Avoidance area; 16-Notch; 17-Concave-convex structure. 20-Crossbeam. 30-Positioning rod; 31-Positioning rod located in the through groove; 32-Positioning rod located outside the through groove; 40-Shock-absorbing column.

[0091] 100-Enclosure, 101-Partially convex surface, 102-Air inlet port, 103-Blind port, 104-Operating port, 105-High-pressure mounting hole, 106-Top opening, 107-Side opening, 108-Low-pressure mounting hole, 109-Cavity; 110-Frame, 111-External protrusion, 112-Longitudinal beam, 113-Boss, 114-Purge inlet, 115-Purge outlet, 116-Drain outlet, 117-Bent structure; 120-Blind end side plate, 121-Limiting post, 122-Mounting platform; 130-Top cover plate, 131-Protrusion of top cover plate; 140-Side cover plate, 141-Protrusion of side cover plate; 150-High-pressure operating cover plate; 160-Mounting feet; 170-Cover; 180-Main housing.

[0092] 200 - Fuel cell stack; 210 - Inlet end plate assembly; 211 - Mounting slot; 212 - End plate body; 213 - Insulation layer; 230 - Inlet end current collector; 231 - First electrode tab; 240 - Core; 241 - Bipolar plate; 2411 - Cathode plate; 2412 - Anode plate; 242 - Corrugated mixing channel; 2421 - Corrugated section; 2422 - Straight section; 2423 - Tapering zone; 24 24-Drainage structure; 243-Flow channel ridge; 244-Flow channel groove; 245-Asymmetric seal; 246-Insulating cover; 250-Blind end current collector; 251-Second electrode tab; 260-Blind end insulation plate; 270-Blind end plate assembly; 271-Blind end plate; 272-Disc spring support plate; 273-Disc spring; 274-Limiting groove; 275-Limiting protrusion; 280-Empty battery.

[0093] 300 - High-voltage component; 311 - First copper busbar; 312 - Second copper busbar; 320 - Through terminal; 330 - Nut; 340 - High-voltage bolt. 400 - Low-voltage component; 410 - CVM main control module; 420 - CVM acquisition module; 421 - Connector; 430 - Inspection harness. 500 - Adapter; 510 - Pipe connector. Detailed Implementation

[0094] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0095] As the industrialization of fuel cells accelerates and the trend towards ultra-high power becomes more pronounced, there is a need to improve membrane electrode reaction (MED) efficiency and / or increase the MED reaction area and / or increase the number of individual cells in the stack. Consequently, the size of fuel cell modules will also increase. During operation, fuel cell modules need to withstand external vibrations and shocks. Ultra-high power stacks, due to their numerous cells and large size, require a focus on improving their resistance to interlaminar slippage to prevent collapse or instability in the middle of the stack. Simultaneously, ensuring the uniform distribution of large flow rates of reactant gases and liquid water, and reducing fluid flow resistance to promptly remove significant amounts of reaction heat, have become key technical bottlenecks restricting the development of current ultra-high power fuel cell stacks.

[0096] Achieving ultra-high power output using a single fuel cell stack module requires solving technical challenges such as increasing the active area of ​​a single cell and improving its output performance, increasing the number of single cells and ensuring the stability and consistency of the stack structure, achieving highly uniform distribution of reactant gases in the stack module and efficiently removing generated water and waste heat, and designing the hydrogen-electric safety of the stack module (including high-voltage output and low-voltage monitoring).

[0097] To address this, this application provides a fuel cell module that achieves an integrated design of ultra-high power stack modules, enabling a single stack module to achieve ultra-high power output and high power density. This can, to some extent, resolve the contradiction between increasing the active area of ​​a single cell and improving output performance, the contradiction between increasing the number of single cells and maintaining the stability and consistency of the stack structure, the contradiction between highly uniform distribution of reactant gases and efficient removal of generated water and waste heat and flow resistance, and the conflict between these issues and the hydrogen-electric safety design requirements of the stack module based on safety.

[0098] In a fuel cell, the end closest to the reaction medium input is defined as the inlet end, and the end furthest from the reaction medium input is defined as the blind end. Correspondingly, the end plate at the inlet end of the stack is defined as the inlet end plate, and the end plate at the blind end is defined as the blind end plate. In a conventional fuel cell stack, the inlet end plate, the inlet end insulating plate, the inlet end current collector, the core, the blind end current collector, the blind end insulating plate, and the blind end end plate are stacked sequentially. The stacking direction of the components of the fuel cell stack is defined as the stacking direction. The specific definitions of the concepts "inlet end," "blind end," and "stacking direction" in this application are as described above. For ease of explanation, abbreviations of these definitions are used in the following embodiments.

[0099] Please refer to Figures 1, 2, 14, and 15. A first aspect embodiment of this application provides a fuel cell module 1000, including a housing 100, a fuel cell stack 200, an insulating support assembly 10, and two or more crossbeams 20. The housing 100, together with the insulating support assembly 10 and the two or more crossbeams 20, forms an integral enclosure for the fuel cell stack 200, jointly applying a fastening force along the stacking direction to the fuel cell stack 200. Therefore, the fuel cell stack 200 does not require additional fastening components to provide the fastening force.

[0100] Please refer to Figures 1, 2, 14, and 15. The housing 100 includes a main housing 180, an air intake end plate assembly 210, and a blind end side plate 120. The main housing 180 has an air intake port 102 and a blind port 103 that are interconnected. The air intake end plate assembly 210 is connected to the main housing 180 and covers the air intake port 102. The blind end side plate is connected to the main housing 180 and covers the blind port 103. The fuel cell stack 200 is disposed in the main housing 180. The fuel cell stack 200 includes the air intake end plate assembly 210, the air intake end current collector 230, the stack core 240, the blind end current collector 250, and the blind end plate assembly 270 arranged in sequence. The stack core 240 includes two or more stacked single cells. All components in the fuel cell stack 200 except for the air intake end plate assembly 210 are completely encapsulated in the inner cavity of the housing 100. The air intake end plate assembly 210 serves as both the air intake end plate of the fuel cell stack 200 and the air intake end side plate of the housing, thereby improving the volumetric power density of the fuel cell module 1000.

[0101] Please refer to Figures 2 and 15, which show exploded views of the fuel cell module 1000 in different embodiments of this application. An insulating support assembly 10 is disposed between the housing 100 and the fuel cell stack 200, and the insulating support assembly 10 contacts all sides of the fuel cell stack 200 and all inner sides of the main housing 180. The insulating support assembly 10 contacts all components of the fuel cell stack 200, providing support to the sides of the fuel cell stack 200 and resisting interlayer slippage. The insulating support assembly 10 includes a plurality of spaced insulating support members 11. Each insulating support member 11 has a certain rigidity, and at least the surface of its outer surface that contacts the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100 is made of insulating material. For example, the insulating support member 11 can be made of rigid plastic, or it can be made of metal with an insulating layer attached to its outer surface. The insulating support 11 is a component that is independent of the housing 100 and the fuel cell stack 200. Compared with the anti-collapse structure that uses the housing to directly press against the fuel cell stack 200, the independent multiple insulating support 11 is easier to install and the assembly of the fuel cell stack 200 is less difficult.

[0102] Multiple insulating supports 11 are distributed at least at each corner of the fuel cell stack 200, meaning that the number of insulating supports 11 is such that one insulating support 11 is provided at each corner of the fuel cell stack 200. The insulating supports 11 distributed at the corners of the fuel cell stack 200 are in contact with two adjacent sides of the fuel cell stack 200. The multiple insulating supports 11 can fully cover the fuel cell stack 200 from all directions, achieving a full-coverage anti-slip effect for the core 240.

[0103] In some embodiments, in addition to having one insulating support 11 at each corner of the fuel cell stack 200, insulating support 11 can also be arranged on the sides of the fuel cell stack 200, for example, at least one insulating support 11 on each side. Taking a bipolar plate 241 as a rectangular bipolar plate 241 with two different side lengths as an example, the number of insulating support 11 can be 4, with the 4 insulating support 11 arranged at the 4 corners of the fuel cell stack 200; the number of insulating support 11 can be 6, with 4 insulating support 11 arranged at the 4 corners of the fuel cell stack 200, and the remaining 2 insulating support 11 arranged on the long side or the short side of the fuel cell stack 200; the number of insulating support 11 can be 8, with 4 insulating support 11 arranged at the 4 corners of the fuel cell stack 200, and the remaining 4 insulating support 11 arranged on the long side and the short side of the fuel cell stack 200. For ease of description, the insulating support 11 located at the corner of the fuel cell stack 200 will be referred to as corner support 11b, and the insulating support 11 located on the side of the fuel cell stack 200 will be referred to as side support 11a.

[0104] Referring to Figure 5, in some embodiments, the bipolar plate 241 of the fuel cell stack 200 is a rectangular bipolar plate 241 with different side lengths. The insulation support assembly 10 includes 10 insulation support members 11: four corner support members 11b are respectively arranged at the four corners of the fuel cell stack 200, four side support members 11a are distributed in pairs on each long side of the fuel cell stack 200, and the remaining two side support members 11a are distributed one-to-one on each short side of the fuel cell stack 200. In some embodiments, the positions of the four side support members 11a located on the two long side sides of the fuel cell stack 200 can correspond one-to-one or be staggered along the long side; the positions of the two side support members 11a located on the two short side sides of the fuel cell stack 200 can correspond or be staggered along the short side.

[0105] Please refer to Figure 5. In some embodiments, the positions of the insulating support members 11 located on the two opposite sides of the fuel cell stack 200 are not corresponding. That is, the positions of the side support members 11a located on different sides of the fuel cell stack 200 are not corresponding. For example, the positions of the side support members 11a located on different long sides of the fuel cell stack 200 are not corresponding. On the one hand, this facilitates the assembly of the fuel cell stack 200. On the other hand, the force distribution on the long side of the fuel cell stack 200 is different, resulting in more uniform force distribution and avoiding stress concentration.

[0106] The insulating support 11 is located between the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100, enabling the transfer and transmission of external excitation to a single component. When external vibration or impact excitation acts on the fuel cell stack 200, it can be transferred to the housing 100 through the fully enclosed insulating support 11. Therefore, the insulating support 11 needs to be in direct contact with both the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100, and the surface quality of the contact surface should be as high as possible. Referring to Figure 5, in some embodiments, at least one insulating support 11 is provided with a groove 12a. The groove 12a can be provided on one side of the insulating support 11, or both sides of the insulating support 11 can be provided with grooves 12a. The groove wall of the groove 12a contacts the fuel cell stack 200 and / or the housing 100. By setting the groove 12a, on the one hand, the contact area between the insulating support 11 and the fuel cell stack 200 and / or the housing 100 is reduced, not exceeding the area of ​​the end face of the groove wall of the groove 12a. The groove 12a protrudes outward, which facilitates the processing of the end face. After the insulating support 11 is manufactured, only the contact surface needs to be finely processed, which makes it easy to achieve high flatness in a limited area and reduces the manufacturing difficulty. On the other hand, it can reduce the weight of the insulating support 11, thereby reducing the weight of the entire fuel cell module 1000.

[0107] Please refer to Figures 6, 7 and 8. In some embodiments, a partial convex surface 101 can also be provided at a corresponding position on the housing 100. The partial convex surface 101 contacts the partially machined surface of the insulating support 11, which can not only ensure the fitting accuracy of the contact surface, but also reduce the machining area of ​​the inner surface of the housing 100, making it easier to achieve high flatness in a limited area and reducing manufacturing difficulty.

[0108] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 17B, 18A, and 18B, the insulating support 11 is provided with a concave-convex structure 17. The concave-convex structure 17 is located on the non-contact surface of the insulating support 11, that is, the concave-convex structure 17 is located between the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100, and does not contact the fuel cell stack 200 or the housing 100. By setting the concave-convex structure 17, the creepage clearance can be increased, so that the straight-line distance between the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100 can be less than the 20mm creepage clearance requirement, thereby reducing the volume of the fuel cell module 1000 and increasing the volumetric power density. The concave-convex structure 17 can be a protrusion 113 and / or a recess on the surface of the insulating support 11. The specific structural form is not limited in this application.

[0109] The insulating support 11 is in contact with all components of the fuel cell stack 200. The insulating support 11 can be a straight rod or a bent rod, and its extension direction can be along the stacking direction or inclined relative to the stacking direction. Referring to Figures 2 and 15, in some embodiments, the insulating support 11 extends along the stacking direction, and its surface is provided with several ridges 13 extending along the stacking direction, which serve as the groove walls of the groove 12a. The groove 12a of the insulating support 11 facing the fuel cell stack 200 is a through groove 12 that extends along the stacking direction, that is, the two ridges 13 are arranged in parallel, and the two ridges 13 together with the body of the insulating support 11 and the outer surface of the fuel cell stack 200 form the through groove 12. This through groove 12 is open along the stacking direction and can not only serve as an airflow channel, but also be used to install the positioning rod 30 used during the assembly of the fuel cell stack 200, preventing damage to the single cell or the insulating support 11 during the assembly of the fuel cell stack 200. In some embodiments, the insulating support 11 has chamfers at both ends and rounded corners at the sharp edges of the chamfers, and the edges of the ridges 13 facing the stack 200 are also rounded, which facilitates the movement of the single cells of the stack core 240 during the pressing and disassembly process, while preventing scratches on the surface of the single cells.

[0110] In some embodiments, through slots 12 can be provided on both sides of each insulating support 11, so that airflow channels are formed between the insulating support 11 and the housing 100, and between the insulating support 11 and the fuel cell stack 200. In some embodiments, through slots 12 can be provided only on the side support 11a, or only on the side of the side support 11a facing the fuel cell stack 200. This ensures that the positioning rod 30 used when stacking the fuel cell stack 200 can be installed using the through slots 12 of the side support 11a, eliminating the need for additional positioning rod 30 fixing fixtures, reducing the number of tooling parts, and facilitating operation.

[0111] Along a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction (the direction of the long side or short side of the bipolar plate 241 of the fuel cell stack 200), the insulating support 11 is fixed between the fuel cell stack 200 and the frame 110. Along the axial direction of the insulating support 11, the insulating support 11 is fixed between the air intake end plate assembly 210 and the blind end side plate 120. To prevent the insulating support 11 from moving within the frame 110, please refer to Figure 11. In some embodiments, the air intake end plate assembly 210 is provided with multiple mounting slots 211, and the blind end side plate 120 is provided with multiple limiting posts 121. One end of each of the multiple insulating supports 11 is correspondingly disposed in one of the multiple mounting slots 211, and the other end corresponds one-to-one with one of the multiple limiting posts 121. One end of the insulating support 11 extends into the mounting groove 211, which provides a limiting position for the insulating support 11 along the long / short side direction of the bipolar plate 241. The other end of the insulating support 11 abuts against the limiting post 121 of the blind end side plate 120, which provides a limiting position for the insulating support 11 along the stacking direction. This not only allows for the fixing of the insulating support 11 without the use of threaded fasteners, but also prevents the insulating support 11 from shifting when the fuel cell module 1000 is subjected to vibration or impact.

[0112] Referring to Figures 12A, 12B, 12C, 17A, and 17B, the corner support 11b has an approximately L-shaped cross-section. The corner support 11b contacts both sides of the corner of the fuel cell stack 200, automatically limiting its position in the long / short side direction of the bipolar plate 241. In some embodiments, the periphery of the blind end plate assembly 270 of the fuel cell stack 200 is provided with multiple limiting protrusions 275, and at least one insulating support 11 is engaged between two adjacent limiting protrusions 275. The limiting protrusions 275 are arranged in pairs, and their number is the same as the number of side supports 11a. The mounting groove 211 limits the end of the side support 11a, while the limiting protrusions 275 limit the middle of the side support 11a, further improving the limiting effect of the side support 11a.

[0113] In some embodiments, the insulating support 11 is in complete contact with both the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100, facilitating the transmission and transfer of external excitation. This allows two adjacent insulating supports 11, the housing 100, and the fuel cell stack 200 to enclose a cavity 109. Multiple insulating supports 11 divide the annular space between the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100 into multiple cavities 109. The fuel cell housing 100 typically has a purging port (see Figures 1, 5, 9, 14, and 16). In some embodiments, the housing 100 has a purging inlet 114, a purging outlet 115, and a drain outlet 116. In some embodiments, the housing 100 includes a frame 110, and the purging inlet 114, purging outlet 115, and drain outlet 116 are all located on the frame 110. The purge inlet 114, purge outlet 115, and drain outlet 116 can be formed by drilling holes in the frame 110 and then welding joints; alternatively, the purge inlet 114, purge outlet 115, and drain outlet 116 can be integrally formed with the frame 110 and machined to form channels. The purge inlet 114, purge outlet 115, and drain outlet 116 are all located on the housing 100 and communicate with the inner cavity of the housing 100. Each purge inlet 114, purge outlet 115, and drain outlet 116 communicates with at least one cavity 109. The specific locations of the purge inlet 114, purge outlet 115, and drain outlet 116 are not limited in this application.

[0114] Please refer to Figures 1, 5, 9, 14, and 16. In some embodiments, the purge inlet 114 and purge outlet 115 are located at opposite ends of the housing 100, enabling thorough purging of each cavity 109. The drain outlet 116 is located at the lowest point of the housing 100, specifically on the bottom surface of the housing 100. The housing 100 is typically equipped with mounting feet 160 for mounting the entire fuel cell module 1000 in the vehicle body. The number of mounting feet 160 is at least three, and most commonly four. The mounting feet 160 can be located at the bottom or top of the housing 100, enabling bottom-supported or top-mounted installation of the fuel cell module 1000. In some embodiments, the mounting feet 160 are all located at the bottom of the housing 100, and the drain outlet 116 is located on the bottom surface of the housing 100 and within the space enclosed by three or more mounting feet 160. The height of the end face of the drain outlet 116 is higher than the height of the bottom surface of the mounting feet 160, effectively utilizing the bottom space of the housing 100.

[0115] Referring to Figures 1, 2, 5, and 9, in some embodiments, the main housing 180 includes a frame 110, which has an air inlet port 102 and a blind port 103. An air inlet end plate assembly 210 and a blind end side plate 120 are both connected to the frame 110 and respectively cover the air inlet port 102 and the blind port 103. The air inlet end plate assembly 210 and the blind end side plate 120 form two end plates of the housing 100, and the frame 110 forms four sides of the housing 100. A purge outlet 115 and a drain outlet 116 are both located on the frame 110, and a purge inlet 114 is located on the blind end side plate 120. Referring to Figure 16, in some embodiments, the purge inlet 114 is located at the bottom of the blind end side plate 120, and the purge outlet 115 is located on the upper part of one side of the frame 110, close to the air inlet port 102. The purge airflow entering from the purge inlet 114 flows sequentially along the short side, long side, and stacking direction of the bipolar plate 241, and exits from the purge outlet 115, resulting in a longer airflow path. After entering from the purge inlet 114, the gas impacts the wall surface and disperses, ensuring the purge effect. The mounting legs 160 are all connected to the frame 110, and the drain outlet 116 is located on the bottom surface of the frame 110.

[0116] Referring to Figures 1, 2, 14, and 15, in some embodiments, the main housing 180 adopts a split structure, including a frame 110 and side cover plates 140. The frame 110 is provided with an air inlet port 102, a blind port 103, and a side opening 107. The air inlet end plate assembly 210, the blind end side plate 120, and the side cover plate 140 are all connected to the frame 110 and respectively cover the air inlet port 102, the blind port 103, and the side opening 107. The air inlet end plate assembly 210 and the blind end side plate 120 form two end plates of the housing 100, and the frame 110 forms four sides of the housing 100. The side opening 107 is provided on one of the vertical sides of the frame 110. The purge outlet 115 and the drain outlet 116 are both provided on the frame 110, and the purge inlet 114 is provided on the side cover plate 140.

[0117] Please refer to Figures 14, 15, and 16. In some embodiments, the purge inlet 114 is located at the lower part of the side cover plate 140, and the purge outlet 115 is located on another vertical side of the frame 110, with the height of the purge outlet 115 higher than that of the purge inlet 114. This bottom-in, top-out purge direction serves two purposes: firstly, hydrogen is lighter and tends to converge at the top of the inner cavity of the housing 100, and the upper location of the purge outlet 115 facilitates hydrogen discharge; secondly, after entering through the purge inlet 114, the gas impacts the inner wall of the frame 110 and the insulating support 11, dispersing it and ensuring effective purging. The mounting legs 160 are all connected to the frame 110, and the drain outlet 116 is located on the bottom surface of the frame 110, close to the side where the purge outlet 115 is located, using the outlet's guiding effect to enhance the drainage effect of the purge.

[0118] Please refer to Figures 1, 2, 14, and 15. In some embodiments, both the purge inlet 114 and the purge outlet 115 are located close to the air inlet port 102. Since the air inlet end plate assembly 210 of the fuel cell stack 200 is directly used as the air inlet end plate assembly 210 of the housing 100, there is no gap between the air inlet end of the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100. However, there is a relatively large gap between the blind end of the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100, thus the purge airflow inside the housing 100 tends to flow towards the blind end. By arranging both the purge inlet 114 and the purge outlet 115 on the housing 100 near the air inlet port 102, the purge airflow will inevitably flow from the air inlet end to the blind end and then back from the blind end to the air inlet end, extending the purge path and improving the purge effect.

[0119] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 5, the insulating support 11 is provided with a purge channel 14 for connecting two adjacent cavities 109. By providing the purge channel 14, multiple cavities 109 are connected sequentially, facilitating the flow of purge airflow to various areas of the annular space between the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100. The purge channel 14 can be a hole, a slot, or a notch, and the specific structural form is not limited in this application.

[0120] Please refer to Figures 12A, 12B, 12C, 13A, and 13B. In some embodiments, the purge channel 14 is a clearance area 15 located at at least one end of the insulating support member 11. The clearance area 15 is used to avoid structures on the housing 100. The size of the clearance area 15 is larger than the structure being avoided. The clearance space not occupied by the structure forms a purge channel 14 connecting two adjacent cavities 109. The clearance area 15 is located at the end of the insulating support member 11. It can be that one end of the insulating support member 11 has a recessed area that does not contact the housing 100, thereby forming a purge channel 14 connecting two cavities 109; or clearance areas 15 can be provided at both ends of the insulating support member 11. In some embodiments, the clearance area 15 is located on the side of the insulating support 11 closer to the housing 100. That is, the side of the insulating support 11 closer to the fuel cell stack 200 is in contact with each component of the fuel cell stack 200 to support each component of the fuel cell stack 200. The side of the insulating support 11 closer to the housing 100 is in partial contact with the housing 100 to realize the transmission and transfer of external excitation. The uncontacted part forms the clearance area 15.

[0121] Referring to Figures 12A, 12B, 12C, 13A, and 13B, in some embodiments, the insulating support 11 extends along the stacking direction, and both sides of the body of the insulating support 11 are provided with ridges 13 extending along the stacking direction. The ridges 13 contact the housing 100 and the fuel cell stack 200. The length of the ridge 13 that contacts the housing 100 is less than the length of the body of the insulating support 11, so as to form a clearance area 15 at both ends of the through groove 12.

[0122] Referring to Figures 17A, 17B, 18A, and 18B, in some embodiments, the purge channel 14 is a plurality of recesses 16 provided on the insulating support member 11. Both sides of the main body of the insulating support member 11 are provided with ridges 13 extending along the stacking direction, and the ridges 13 contact the housing 100 and the fuel cell stack 200. Each ridge 13 has one or more recesses 16 spaced apart, forming a purge channel 14 connecting the two cavities 109. The recesses 16 can be notches obtained by removing part of the material from the ridge 13, or they can be areas between adjacent ridge segments where the ridge 13 is a multi-segment structure. In some embodiments, multiple insulating supports 11 are distributed on various sides and corners of the fuel cell stack 200. That is, the insulating support assembly 10 includes corner supports 11b and side supports 11a. The recesses 16 of the side supports 11a and the corner supports 11b are staggered. A gap h exists between the recesses 16 of the side supports 11a and the corner supports 11b along the stacking direction. This gap h allows the purging airflow to impact and disperse the insulating supports 11 as it passes through, increasing the purging area and improving the purging effect. In some embodiments, ridges 13 are spaced apart along the stacking direction, and the gaps between adjacent ridges 13 form purging channels 14.

[0123] In some embodiments, a clearance area 15 and a notch 16 can be provided on the insulating support 11 as a purge channel 14. The purge channel 14 has a large area, which reduces the flow resistance of the purge airflow when passing through the purge channel 14.

[0124] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 17A, the inner and outer surfaces of the corner support 11b are provided with three or more spaced ridges 13, each ridge 13 being perpendicular to its corresponding body side. The ridges 13 located on the outer surface of the corner support 11b are in contact with the frame 110. In some embodiments, a local convex surface 101 is provided at a corresponding position on the inner surface of the frame 110, and the area of ​​the local convex surface 101 is larger than the contact area required by the corresponding ridge 13.

[0125] Referring to Figure 18A, in some embodiments, the side support 11a has two ridges 13 on each side, each ridge 13 being perpendicular to its corresponding side surface. The cross-section of the side support 11a is approximately H-shaped. In some embodiments, the main housing 180 adopts a split structure, including a frame 110, an upper cover plate 130, and side cover plates 140. The upper side of the frame 110 has an upper opening 106, and the upper cover plate 130 is connected to the frame 110 and covers the upper opening 106. The ridges 13 of the side support 11a located on the upper side of the fuel cell stack 200 abut against the upper cover plate 130, while the ridges 13 on the outer sides of the remaining side support 11a contact the frame 110. In some embodiments, please refer to FIG6, the lower surface of the upper cover plate 130 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 131. In order to reduce the mass of the upper cover plate 130, the protrusions 131 can be configured as a groove structure. The extension range of the groove wall of the groove structure is greater than the extension range of the ridge 13 of the side support member 11a located on the upper side of the fuel cell stack 200.

[0126] Referring to Figures 2 and 15, the fuel cell module 1000 also includes two or more crossbeams 20, which are spaced apart at one end of the housing 100 near the blind end side plate 120. Both ends of the two or more crossbeams 20 are limited by the main housing 180, so that the main housing 180, through the crossbeams 20 and in conjunction with the intake end plate assembly 210, applies a fastening force along the stacking direction to the fuel cell stack 200. The two or more crossbeams 20 are spaced apart between the blind end plate assembly 270 and the blind end side plate 120 of the fuel cell stack 200, and the housing 100 applies a fastening force along the stacking direction to the fuel cell stack 200 through the crossbeams 20. The crossbeams 20 are parallel to the long or short side direction of the bipolar plates 241, and both ends of the crossbeams 20 extend into the housing 100, preventing displacement due to the constraint of the housing 100, thereby applying a fastening force along the stacking direction to the fuel cell stack 200. Because two or more crossbeams 20 are spaced apart, a fastening force can be applied to the entire surface of the blind end plate assembly 270, achieving a uniform distribution of pressing force. This effectively reduces the problem of plate deformation caused by the large pressing force of the high-power fuel cell stack 200.

[0127] Referring to Figure 9, in some embodiments, to improve uniformity, several crossbeams 20 are arranged at intervals along the long side of the bipolar plate 241. The number and arrangement of the crossbeams 20 are determined comprehensively based on factors such as the long side dimension of the blind end plate assembly 270 and the pressing force of the fuel cell stack 200. In some embodiments, the number of crossbeams 20 is 3 to 5. The crossbeams 20 can be evenly distributed at equal intervals or unevenly distributed. In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent crossbeams 20 located in the middle is less than or equal to the distance between two adjacent crossbeams 20 located at the edge, so that the distribution of the crossbeams 20 presents a state of being dense in the middle and sparse at both ends. The relatively dense crossbeams 20 in the middle can provide a larger pressing force to the central area of ​​the fuel cell stack 200. Combined with the housing 100 located at the edge of the fuel cell stack 200, the pressing force can be evenly distributed across the entire end face.

[0128] In some embodiments, the crossbeam 20 is parallel to the short side of the bipolar plate 241, the insulating support 11 is parallel to the stacking direction, and the crossbeam 20 is perpendicular to the insulating support 11. The crossbeams 20 and the insulating supports 11 can be staggered; alternatively, the ends of some insulating supports 11 can be pressed against the corresponding crossbeam 20, thereby reducing the size of the housing 100 in the distribution direction of the crossbeams 20. In some embodiments, the insulating support 11 has a through slot 12 extending along the stacking direction. This through slot 12 is used to install the positioning rod 30 during the stacking of the fuel cell stack 200. Therefore, the insulating support 11 used to install the positioning rod 30 cannot be pressed against the crossbeam 20; otherwise, the crossbeam 20 will obstruct the installation of the positioning rod 30.

[0129] In some embodiments, one side of the housing 100 is provided with an opening. The opening can be provided on the other four sides of the housing 100, excluding the air inlet end face and the blind end face. Each crossbeam 20 is opposite to the position of the opening so that each crossbeam 20 can be inserted into the housing 100 through the opening. Providing the opening facilitates the insertion of the crossbeam 20 during the assembly process.

[0130] Please refer to Figures 2 and 15. In some embodiments, the upper surface of the housing 100 is provided with an upper opening 106, and the housing 100 also includes an upper cover plate 130 covering the upper opening 106. The upper surface of the housing 100 is opposite to the large surface of the fuel cell stack 200 (the sides are respectively along the long side direction of the bipolar plate 241 and the stacking direction). The opening 106 will reduce the structural strength of the upper surface of the housing 100. In order to improve the strength of the housing 100, in some embodiments, the upper surface of the housing 100 is provided with one or more longitudinal beams 112. The one or more longitudinal beams 112 are all located in the upper opening 106. The longitudinal beams 112 and the crossbeams 20 are staggered. The crossbeams 20 are inserted into the housing 100 from the space in the upper opening 106 that is not occupied by the longitudinal beams 112.

[0131] Referring to Figures 2 and 15, in some embodiments, the housing 100 adopts a split structure, including a frame 110, an air intake end plate assembly 210, a blind end side plate 120, and a top cover plate 130. The frame 110 is provided with an air intake port 102, a blind port 103, and a top opening 106. The air intake end plate assembly 210, the blind end side plate 120, and the top cover plate 130 are all connected to the frame 110 and respectively cover the air intake port 102, the blind port 103, and the top opening 106. The air intake end plate assembly 210 and the blind end side plate 120 form two end plates of the housing 100, and the frame 110 forms four sides of the housing 100. Both ends of the crossbeam 20 extend into the frame 110.

[0132] Referring to Figure 9, in some embodiments, the frame 110 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 113 spaced apart along the distribution direction of the crossbeams 20. The protrusions 113 are arranged in pairs, and the two protrusions 113 in a pair form a groove structure. Each crossbeam 20 is sandwiched between two adjacent protrusions 113, which enables the crossbeams 20 to be fixed without bolts, while preventing the crossbeams 20 from shifting during vibration and impact. The height of the protrusions 113 is not greater than the thickness of the crossbeams 20, ensuring that the crossbeams 20 can abut against the blind end plate assembly 270 of the fuel cell stack 200.

[0133] Referring to Figure 19, in some embodiments, the outer end face of the blind end plate assembly 270 of the fuel cell stack 200 is provided with a limiting groove 274. The limiting groove 274 is the same in position and number as the crossbeam 20, and the crossbeam 20 is correspondingly arranged in the corresponding limiting groove 274. The limiting groove 274 further restricts the crossbeam 20 from moving during vibration and impact. The groove depth of the limiting groove 274 is not greater than the thickness of the crossbeam 20, ensuring that the crossbeam 20 can abut against the housing 100. In some embodiments, the blind end plate assembly 270 of the fuel cell stack 200 includes a blind end plate 271, a disc spring 273, and a disc spring support plate 272. The disc spring support plate 272 abuts against the crossbeam 20, and the outer surface of the disc spring support plate 272 is provided with a limiting groove 274. By setting the limiting groove 274, the thickness of the disc spring support plate 272 is increased, and the bending deformation is smaller.

[0134] Referring to Figures 2 and 9, in some embodiments, the fuel cell module 1000 further includes a plurality of spaced-apart damping columns 123. The damping columns 123 are located between the housing 100 and the fuel cell stack 200 and abut against the fuel cell stack 200. Each damping column 123 is staggered with each crossbeam 20, and the damping columns 123, together with the crossbeams 20, apply a fastening force to the fuel cell stack 200 along the stacking direction. The damping columns 123 can exist independently of the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100, or they can be fixedly installed on the housing 100. In some embodiments, multiple damping columns 123 are connected to a blind end side plate 120, and the blind end side plate 120 is provided with a plurality of mounting platforms 122. The damping columns 123 are mounted on the mounting platforms 122 by screws.

[0135] The fuel cell module 1000 is an integral unit comprising a fuel cell stack 200, a high-voltage assembly 300, a low-voltage assembly 400, and an externally encapsulated housing 100. The high-voltage assembly 300 typically includes electrically connected copper busbars and through terminals 320. The copper busbars are electrically connected to the current collectors of the fuel cell stack 200, and the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack 200 is output through the through terminals 320. The low-voltage assembly 400 is electrically connected to the core 240 of the fuel cell stack 200 and performs voltage monitoring on the bipolar plates 241 or individual cells. The fuel cell stack 200, high-voltage assembly 300, and low-voltage assembly 400 are all mounted and secured within the housing 100.

[0136] Referring to Figures 2 and 9, in some embodiments, a protrusion 111 is provided on one side of the housing 100. The protrusion 111 is located on one side of the housing 100, excluding the blind end and the air inlet end. The protrusion 111 is an outwardly protruding part of the housing 100, and the interior of the protrusion 111 communicates with the inner cavity of the housing 100. When the main body of the housing 100 is a frame 110, the protrusion 111 is provided on one vertical side of the frame 110. The high-voltage assembly 300 of the fuel cell module 1000 is mounted on the protrusion 111, specifically, the copper busbar assembly is located in the protrusion 111, and the through terminal 320 is mounted on the protrusion 111. A high-voltage mounting hole 105 is formed on the top surface of the protrusion 111, and the through terminal 320 is mounted in the high-voltage mounting hole 105. The upper part of the through terminal 320 extends out of the outer protrusion 111 for connecting the high-voltage wire harness, and the lower part of the through terminal 320 extends into the outer protrusion 111 for electrical connection with the copper busbar of the copper busbar assembly via the high-voltage bolt 340.

[0137] In some embodiments, the low-voltage component 400 is mounted below the protrusion 111, making efficient use of the space below the protrusion 111. The low-voltage component 400 may be located entirely outside the housing 100 or partially outside the housing 100. A low-voltage mounting hole 108 is provided on the housing 100 below the protrusion 111, through which the low-voltage component 400 or a low-voltage wiring harness passes. Referring to Figures 14 and 15, in some embodiments, a cover 170 is attached to the outside of the low-voltage component 400, and the cover 170 is connected to the housing 100, encapsulating the low-voltage component 400 within the cover 170.

[0138] Since the high-voltage assembly 300 and the low-voltage assembly 400 are separated by the protrusion 111, on the one hand, since the housing 100 is usually made of metal, the protrusion 111 can effectively achieve electromagnetic shielding for both high and low voltage. On the other hand, since the through-terminal 320 is directly mounted on the frame 110, and the air intake end plate assembly 210 of the fuel cell stack 200 is also connected to the frame 110, the through-terminal 320 and the current collector connected to the high-voltage copper busbar both use the frame 110 as the mounting reference. Therefore, the high-voltage assembly 300 does not require other tooling structures for installation, making the assembly operation simple. In addition, since the copper busbar assembly is located in the protrusion 111, the bottom plate of the protrusion 111 can also prevent the high-voltage bolt 340 from falling into the inner cavity of the housing 100.

[0139] Since the low-pressure component 400 and the high-pressure component 300 are located on the same side, both the low-pressure component 400 and the high-pressure component 300 can be disposed on either the long side or the short side of the housing 100. Referring to Figures 1, 14, and 16, in some embodiments, both the low-pressure component 400 and the high-pressure component 300 are disposed on the short side of the housing 100. Compared to arranging them on the long side, the short side arrangement has a higher integration density, which can reduce the volume of the fuel cell module 1000 and improve the integration density.

[0140] Referring to Figures 14 and 16, in some embodiments, the top surface of the protrusion 111 is lower than the top surface of the main body of the housing 100, so that two bending structures 117 are formed at the connection between the protrusion 111 and the main body of the housing 100. In the insulating support members 11 located on the sides of the low-voltage assembly 400 and the high-voltage assembly 300, one corner support member 11b and one side support member 11a respectively contact the two bending structures 117. By providing the two bending structures 117 formed by the protrusion 111 to press against the insulating support member 11, the situation where the installation of the high-voltage assembly 300 increases the distance between the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100, making it impossible to install the insulating support member 11, can be avoided. Furthermore, since the top surface of the protrusion 111 is lowered, the purge outlet 115 can be positioned above the protrusion 111. Utilizing the space created by the lowered top surface of the protrusion 111, and since the purge outlet 115 is close to the high-voltage component 300, the purge airflow can be guided to flow entirely to the high-voltage component 300, blowing away the water vapor inside the protrusion 111, avoiding electrical conduction caused by water vapor, and improving the safety of the fuel cell module 1000.

[0141] Referring to Figures 2 and 15, in some embodiments, an operating port 104 is provided on the protrusion 111, through which the connection between the copper busbar assembly and the current collector and / or through terminal 320 is exposed. In some embodiments, the main housing 180 adopts a split structure, including a frame 110, an upper cover plate 130, a side cover plate 140, and a high-pressure operating cover plate 150, which is connected to the protrusion 111 and covers the operating port 104. The operating port 104 facilitates the installation of the high-pressure bolt 340.

[0142] Referring to Figures 2 and 15, in some embodiments, the connection between the copper busbar assembly and the current collector, as well as the connection between the copper busbar assembly and the through terminal 320, are exposed through the operating port 104. The high-pressure bolts 340 at both ends of the copper busbar assembly can be installed through the operating port 104. In some embodiments, the current collector's tabs are bent, and the copper busbars of the copper busbar assembly are straight. One end of the copper busbar is fitted with the bent portion of the tab, and the other end is fitted with the mating portion of the through terminal 320. Both ends are locked with high-pressure bolts 340.

[0143] In the two connecting ends of the copper busbar, at least one of the copper busbar and the mating part has a threaded hole, while the other may have a through hole or also a threaded hole. When the thickness of the copper busbar, the lug, and the mating part is relatively thin, the effective thread length is short, which may cause stripping of the bolts when tightening. Therefore, in some embodiments, the copper busbar assembly has a nut 330 on the copper busbar and / or the manifold. The nut 330 is installed and fixed by punching or pressing, which can increase the effective thread length and improve the reliability of the copper busbar connection.

[0144] Referring to Figure 20, in some embodiments, the low-voltage assembly 400 includes a CVM master control module 410, several CVM acquisition modules 420, and several inspection harnesses 430. The several CVM acquisition modules 420 are connected in series through the inspection harnesses 430 and communicate via a daisy chain. The CVM acquisition module 420 at the end is electrically connected to the CVM master control module 410. Each CVM acquisition module 420 includes a slave control board and several connectors 421 (CVPs) for plugging in tabs. The slave control board is connected in series through the inspection harnesses 430 and communicates via a daisy chain. The number of CVPs is not greater than the number of single cells in the core 240. For example, if a single cell is inspected, the total number of CVPs in the several CVM acquisition modules 420 is equal to the number of single cells in the core 240. If a double cell or triple cell inspection is used, the total number of CVPs in the several CVM acquisition modules 420 is equal to half or one-third of the number N of single cells in the core 240. Several inspection harnesses 430 are arranged horizontally and connected to the tabs of the single cell via CVP. The CVM acquisition module 420 is connected to the CVM main control module 410 via the inspection harnesses 430. A low-voltage bus is installed on the housing 100. The low-voltage bus is electrically connected to the CVM main control module 410 and other low-voltage components (hydrogen concentration sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, etc.). The low-voltage bus is designed to be external to the fuel cell module 1000 via a low-voltage plug, enabling communication with the fuel cell system.

[0145] Daisy-chain communication allows multiple devices to be connected in series to a single port or channel. It allows data signals to originate from one device, pass through specific ports of each connected device, and finally reach the last device. Each device, upon receiving a signal, regenerates it and passes it to the next device, while retaining a copy for its own use. Therefore, compared to existing inspection devices, daisy-chain communication uses fewer and shorter inspection harnesses 430 to connect multiple CVM acquisition modules 420, enabling multiple CVM acquisition modules 420 to share the same service and transmit data from each CVM acquisition module 420 to the CVM analysis master control module 410. It also avoids problems such as bus contention and congestion after serial connection.

[0146] In some embodiments, the low-pressure assembly 400 includes a CVM monitoring device, several CVPs, and several monitoring harnesses 430. The CVPs are connected to the tabs of the single cell and to the CVM monitoring device via the monitoring harnesses 430. A low-pressure bus is provided on the housing 100. The low-pressure bus is electrically connected to the CVM monitoring device and other low-pressure components (hydrogen concentration sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, etc.). The low-pressure bus is designed to be external to the fuel cell module 1000 via a low-pressure plug, enabling communication with the fuel cell system.

[0147] Referring to Figure 21, in some embodiments, the air intake end plate assembly 210 includes an end plate body 212 and an insulating layer 213. The insulating layer 213 at least covers the cavity wall of the flow channel cavity of the end plate body 212 and the end face facing the core, thereby forming an air intake end insulating plate. That is, the air intake end plate assembly 210 integrates the air intake end plate and air intake end insulating plate of the fuel cell stack 200, as well as the air intake end side plate of the housing 100, further improving the integration. In some embodiments, the air intake end plate assembly 210 is made entirely of plastic and has its own insulating function. The air intake end plate assembly 210 integrates the air intake end plate and air intake end insulating plate of the fuel cell stack 200, as well as the air intake end side plate of the housing 100.

[0148] Referring to Figure 23, in some embodiments, the fuel cell module further includes an adapter 500 communicating with the flow channel of the intake end plate assembly 210; the adapter 500 is provided with a pipe connector 510 for connecting to an external pipe, and the opening shape at the connection between the adapter 500 and the flow channel of the intake end plate assembly 210 is configured as follows: the shape of the opening a for the flow of the reaction medium is rectangular, and the shape of the opening b for the flow of the cooling medium is a composite shape of rectangle and semicircle or semiellipse, as shown in Figures 21 and 22A. The inner side of the intake end plate assembly 210 is connected to the intake end insulating plate or the intake end manifold, and the opening shape of the inner side of the intake end plate assembly 210 is the same as the shape of each main pipe opening of the single cell, all configured as follows: the shape of the opening a for the flow of the reaction medium is a leg polygon, and the shape of the opening b for the flow of the cooling medium is rectangular, as shown in Figure 22B.

[0149] Specifically, please refer to Figures 21 and 22A. In some embodiments, the fuel cell stack 200 adopts a U-shaped main pipe design: the main pipe is located at the air inlet end plate assembly 210, and hydrogen and air adopt a parallel convection design, using a top-in, bottom-out configuration. The hydrogen and air main pipes on the outer end face of the air inlet end plate assembly 210 are both quadrilateral in shape. The coolant adopts a vertical cross-flow design, using a bottom-in, top-out configuration. The coolant main pipe on the outer end face of the air inlet end plate assembly 210 is a combination of quadrilateral and semi-circular shapes. The shape of the main pipe on the outer end face of the air inlet end plate assembly 210 is different from the shape of the corresponding main pipe on the inner end face, and their projections overlap in the stacking direction. The coolant main pipe on the inner end face of the air inlet end plate assembly 210 is a long, narrow rectangle, and the coolant main pipe on the outer end face of the air inlet end plate assembly 210 overlaps with the coolant main pipe on the inner end face at the middle. In some embodiments, the flow area at each point of the coolant main pipe opening is constant (with a deviation of no more than 10%) to ensure low coolant flow resistance. Furthermore, the shape of the coolant main pipe opening on the outer end face of the intake end plate assembly 210 is a combination of quadrilateral and semi-circular shapes. This shape is similar to the circular shape of the external pipe joint 510 of the adapter 500 and the elongated rectangular shape of the coolant main pipe opening in the single cell. This allows the shape of the coolant transfer channel to change gradually, preventing abrupt changes in shape from increasing flow resistance.

[0150] In some embodiments, the adapter 500 and the intake end plate assembly 210 are an integral structure, both made of plastic and directly injection molded, or injection molded separately and then welded together. In some embodiments, the adapter 500 and the intake end plate assembly 210 are separate structures, connected by fasteners, with a sealing ring between them. In some embodiments, the adapter 500 is designed independently of the intake end plate assembly 210, and integrates sensors for detecting pressure, temperature, and relative humidity, enabling online status monitoring and closed-loop control of intake and exhaust or coolant, thereby achieving ultra-high power output and high power density of a single fuel cell stack module, solving the problems of highly uniform distribution of reactant gases in the fuel cell module and efficient removal of generated water and waste heat with low flow resistance.

[0151] The core of the fuel cell stack 200 can adopt a single-cell or half-cell design. In some embodiments, a single cell includes a bipolar plate 241 and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The bipolar plate 241 includes a cathode plate 2411 and an anode plate 2412 welded together. Referring to Figure 24, the bipolar plate 241 is provided with an asymmetric seal 245 to achieve a seal between the bipolar plate 241 and the MEA. Thus, the core 240 adopts a dual-sealing design: the bipolar plate 241 is integrally sealed, and the asymmetric seal 245, which combines an asymmetric single peak and a boss structure, is designed to seal the gas field side of the bipolar plate 241 together with the MEA frame. The "asymmetric single peak" is asymmetric at the seal between the cathode plate 2411 and the anode plate 2412 and the MEA, providing multi-point peak surface pressure. The boss structure can provide stable sealing surface pressure, so that even if the cathode plate 2411, the anode plate 2412 and the MEA are misaligned, sufficient sealing contact surface can still be maintained. The water field side of cathode plate 2411 and anode plate 2412 is still sealed by laser welding of cathode plate 2411 and anode plate 2412.

[0152] Referring to Figure 24, in some embodiments, the outer periphery of the bipolar plate 241 is covered with an insulating cover 246. The insulating support is in contact with the insulating cover 246 and the insulating frame of the membrane electrode. Through the plastic (plastic) coating design on the outside of the bipolar plate 241, the outer plastic coating of the bipolar plate 241, the insulating frame of the membrane electrode, and the insulating support 11 together form an insulating protective layer between the stack 200 and the housing 100. Furthermore, the insulating cover 246 on the outer periphery of the bipolar plate 241 can also prevent short circuits between individual cells.

[0153] Referring to Figure 25, in some embodiments, the main openings of the cathode plate 2411 and anode plate 2412 of the bipolar plate 241 are arranged around the perimeter. Referring to Figure 26, in some embodiments, the flow channels in the active areas of the cathode plate 2411 and anode plate 2412 are both wave-shaped mixed flow channels 242 comprising wave segments 2421 and straight segments 2422; the wave-shaped mixed flow channels 242 of the cathode plate 2411 and anode plate 2412 are staggered in the form of alternating wave crests of the wave segments 2421, which is beneficial for the flow of cooling medium between the cathode and anode plates. The wave-shaped mixing channels 242 of the cathode plate 2411 and the anode plate 2412 overlap at the straight section 2422. The straight section 2422 of the anode plate 2412 is welded to the straight section 2422 of the cathode plate 2411. By adding the welding of the straight section 2422, the active areas of the cathode plate 2411 and the active areas of the anode plate 2412 are directly connected to form electrical conductivity, thereby increasing the conductivity of the bipolar plate 241. Compared with the prior art where the wave flow field of the cathode and anode plates only has local contact and spot welding, the bipolar plate of this application can form a straight weld line in the active area, thereby significantly reducing the contact resistance between the cathode and anode plates of the metal bipolar plate, reducing ohmic polarization, and realizing an increase in the active area of ​​the single cell and an improvement in output performance.

[0154] Referring to Figure 27, in some embodiments, the sidewall of one side of the channel ridge 243 of the wavy mixing channel 242 is curved relative to the sidewall of the adjacent side of the channel ridge 243, so as to form a tapered region 2423 with a reduced cross-sectional area at the corner of the wavy mixing channel 242 located at odd or even positions. This can increase the transfer of the reaction medium along the vertical direction (the depth direction of the channel trench 244) and promote sufficient contact between the reaction medium and the membrane electrode. Thus, the bipolar plate 241 of this application can not only enhance the conductivity between the plates, but also improve the mass transfer and drainage capacity of the cathode and anode, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the fuel cell stack.

[0155] Referring to Figure 27, in some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​the trough of the corrugated segment 2421 of the cathode plate 2411 has a decreasing trend, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the crest of the corrugated segment 2421 of the anode plate 2412 also has a decreasing trend. After the two monopolar plates are welded together, they form a flow space for the cooling medium. The cathode plate 2411 has a tapered region 2423 (reaction field side) at the trough, and the anode plate 2412 has a tapered region 2423 (reaction field side) at the crest. This results in an increase in the cooling cavity on the cooling field side, which can expand the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the rising section of the cooling cavity, thereby reducing the pressure loss of the cooling medium. At the same time, it increases the local pressure loss on the cathode reaction field side, increases the airflow velocity, accelerates the drainage (reaction-generated water) capacity, and enhances the transport capacity of the oxidizing medium.

[0156] Referring to Figure 27, in some embodiments, the above structure is provided at the corner of only one of the two wavy mixing channels 242. This can also be understood as the cross-sectional area at the corner of the wavy mixing channels 242 located at odd or even positions tending to decrease. This allows a pressure difference to be formed between adjacent wavy mixing channels 242. Utilizing this pressure difference, the medium can be transferred between adjacent wavy mixing channels 242, improving the uniformity of medium distribution.

[0157] The flow channels of a metal bipolar plate are typically fabricated using stamping or hydraulic bulging processes, forming several spaced-apart flow channel ridges 243 on the substrate. Flow channel grooves 244 are formed on opposite sides of the ridges 243 and between adjacent ridges 243. The term "flow channel" in this application includes both the ridges 243 and the grooves 244. The welding of the straight segments 2422 of the anode plate 2412 and the cathode plate 2411 can be understood as welding the overlapping sections (straight sections) of the ridges 243, or the overlapping sections (straight sections) of the bottom of the grooves 244. Since the grooves 244 are areas for medium flow, the cross-sectional area of ​​the troughs refers to the flow area of ​​the grooves 244 at the troughs. The change in the cross-sectional area of ​​the trough can be achieved by setting a corresponding structure on the ridge 243 of the flow channel, or by setting a corresponding structure at the bottom of the groove 244 of the flow channel. The specific method is not limited in this application.

[0158] Referring to Figure 27, in some embodiments, the wave-shaped mixing channel 242 is provided with several flow-guiding structures 2424. The flow-guiding structures 2424 are protruding structures of the channel grooves 244 facing the gas field side of the monopolar plate, so that they appear as channel ridges 243 with local depressions on the water field side of the monopolar plate. This allows different channel grooves 244 on the water field side to be interconnected, facilitating the flow of cooling medium in the distributed bipolar plates 241 around the main pipe opening and reducing the flow resistance of the cooling medium. Considering that the flow resistance at the corner of the wave-shaped mixing channel 242 is relatively large, in some embodiments, the flow-guiding structures 2424 are set close to the corner of the wave-shaped mixing channel 242, distributed on both sides of the crests and troughs.

[0159] In some embodiments, to improve the volumetric power density of the fuel cell, the bipolar plate 241 adopts an ultra-large area active region and an ultra-thin plate structure. Specifically, the thickness of the substrate of the cathode plate 2411 and the anode plate 2412 is 0.075~0.1mm, for example, 0.078mm, 0.08mm, 0.082mm, 0.085mm, 0.089mm, 0.09mm, 0.092mm, 0.095mm, etc. The substrate is made of metal, such as stainless steel or titanium. In some embodiments, the area of ​​the active region of both the cathode plate 2411 and the anode plate 2412 is 250~500cm². 2 For example, 260cm 2 275cm 2 280cm 2 300cm 2 320cm 2 350cm 2 380cm 2 420cm 2 450cm 2475cm 2 Similarly, the active area of ​​the membrane electrode is also 250~500 cm². 2 For example, 255cm 2 270cm 2 280cm 2 295cm 2 315cm 2 345cm 2 375cm 2 415cm 2 455cm 2 480cm 2 wait.

[0160] In some embodiments, the parameters of the membrane electrode are set as follows: the thickness of the membrane electrode is 250~400μm; the proton exchange membrane of the membrane electrode is a composite membrane with a thickness of 8~12μm; the material of the anode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode is Pt / C or PtIr / C; the material of the cathode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode is Pt / C, PtCo / C or PtCoMn / C; the gas diffusion layer of the membrane electrode is carbon paper or carbon cloth; and the insulating frame adopts an inner and outer double frame structure.

[0161] Referring to Figure 28, in some embodiments, the core 240 has two or more empty cells 280 at both ends. The empty cells 280 are dummy cell structures that do not undergo electrochemical reactions and allow the flow of cooling medium. The structure of the single-pole plates (cathode plate and anode plate) in the empty cells 280 can be consistent with the structure of the single-pole plates in a normal single cell. In some embodiments, the fuel cell stack 200 adopts a U-shaped main inlet design + empty cell 280 design. The gas inlet end plate assembly 210 achieves uniform distribution of reactant gases and coolant and heat removal, while the empty cells 280 provide end-side insulation and prevent flooding, ensuring consistent gas-liquid distribution at both ends. The fuel cell stack module has N1 + N2 cells, where N1 are single cells and N2 are empty cells 280, with each cell at both ends... The voltage inspection uses a two-cell-per-cell method, employing a double-cell spacing design. One tab is located at each end of the empty cell 280, eliminating the need for CVP connection, as shown in Figure 28. In some embodiments, the empty cell 280 may be configured without tabs, but this would result in two types of monopole plates in the entire stack 200, increasing manufacturing costs.

[0162] According to one or more embodiments of this application, taking the number of single cells in the stack core 240 as 600-700 as an example, the external dimensions of the fuel cell module 1000 are as follows: Approximately The output power of the fuel cell module 1000 can reach 300KW~400KW. The fuel cell module 1000 can achieve ultra-high power output and high power density in a single stack module, resolving the contradiction between increasing the active area of ​​a single cell and improving output performance; it can also achieve ultra-high power output and high power density in a single stack module, resolving the contradiction between increasing the number of single cells and maintaining the stability and consistency of the stack structure; it can also achieve ultra-high power output and high power density in a single stack module, resolving the contradiction between highly uniform distribution of reactant gases and efficient removal of generated water and waste heat with low flow resistance; and it can also achieve ultra-high power output and high power density in a single stack module, resolving the contradiction between high voltage, multiple sealed interfaces, and the high-hydrogen-electricity safety design requirements of ultra-high power stack modules.

[0163] The fuel cell module 1000 requires positioning rods 30 during assembly. Referring to Figures 29, 29A, and 30, there are at least four positioning rods 30, ensuring that at least one positioning rod 30 is provided on each side of the fuel cell stack 200. The positioning rods 30 are typically arranged along the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 200, and the length of each positioning rod 30 is not less than the sum of the length of the housing 100 and the height difference Δh of the fuel cell stack 200 before and after press-fitting. At least two positioning rods 30 extend into the through slots 12 of the insulating support member 11, specifically into the through slots 12 of the side support members 11a located on two adjacent sides of the fuel cell stack 200. That is, some positioning rods 30 are located in the through slots 12 and fixed by the side support members 11a; the remaining positioning rods 30 are located outside the through slots 12 and directly positioned between the fuel cell stack 200 and the housing 100.

[0164] Referring to Figure 31, in some embodiments, the thickness H1 of the positioning rod 31 located in the through groove 12 is not greater than the depth H2 of the through groove 12, and the width L1 of the positioning rod 31 located in the through groove 12 is less than the width L2 of the through groove 12, to prevent lateral slippage of the battery stack 200 during assembly, which could compress the positioning rod 30 and prevent it from being disassembled. In some embodiments, the thickness H4 of the positioning rod 32 located outside the through groove 12 is not greater than the thickness H3 of the insulating support member 11 located on the same side, so that the lateral slippage and compressive force of the battery can be transferred from the positioning rod 30 to the insulating support member 11 located on the same side during assembly. Referring to Figure 32, in some embodiments, the inner surface of the housing 100 is provided with a partial outwardly convex surface 101 corresponding to the positioning rod 32 located outside the through groove 12; the width L4 of the positioning rod 32 located outside the through groove 12 is not less than the width L5 of the corresponding partial outwardly convex surface 101, to avoid the partial outwardly convex surface 101 affecting the disassembly of the positioning rod 32 located outside the through groove 12.

[0165] Please refer to Figure 29. The following describes the assembly method of the fuel cell module 1000 of the first aspect of this application, using a fuel cell module 1000 of a certain embodiment as an example. In the fuel cell module 1000 of this embodiment, the housing 100 includes a frame 110 and blind-end side plates 120. The blind-end side plates 120 are connected to the frame 110 and cover the blind ports 103. The air inlet end plate assembly 210 of the fuel cell stack 200 is connected to the frame 110 and covers the air inlet ports 102. The insulating support assembly 10 includes 10 insulating support members 11: four corner support members 11b are respectively arranged at the four corners of the fuel cell stack 200; four side support members 11a are distributed in pairs on each long side of the fuel cell stack 200; and the remaining two side support members 11a are distributed one-to-one on each short side of the fuel cell stack 200.

[0166] S1. Several insulating support members 11 are placed at intervals along two adjacent sides of the box 100 in the inner cavity of the box 100. Among the several insulating support members 11, at least two insulating support members 11 are provided with through grooves 12, and the at least two insulating support members 11 with through grooves 12 are distributed on different sides of the box 100.

[0167] In some embodiments, the intake end plate assembly 210 is first connected to the frame 110, and the frame 110 is placed on the table with the intake end plate assembly 210 facing down, so that the blind port 103 of the frame 110 faces down.

[0168] Inside the frame 110, a plurality of insulating supports 11 are placed at intervals along two adjacent sides of the housing 100. These insulating supports 11 include both corner supports 11b and side supports 11a. The two adjacent sides comprise one side of the short side and one side of the long side of the bipolar plate 241. In some embodiments, the high-voltage assembly 300 and the low-voltage assembly 400 of the fuel cell module 1000 are located on the same side, both situated on the short side of the bipolar plate 241. The two adjacent sides are the side where the high-voltage assembly 300 and the low-voltage assembly 400 are located, and the bottom surface, respectively. One side support 11a is placed on the side where the high-voltage assembly 300 and the low-voltage assembly 400 are located, two side supports 11a are placed on the bottom surface, and a corner support 11b is placed at the corner of the two adjacent sides.

[0169] S2. Place one part of the components of the fuel cell stack 200 into the inner cavity.

[0170] Since the inlet end plate assembly 210 of the fuel cell stack 200 is already connected to the frame 110, other components located at the inlet end of the core 240, such as the inlet end insulating plate and the inlet end current collector 230, can be placed into the inner cavity during this step. In some embodiments, the inlet end plate assembly 210 and the inlet end current collector 230 are integrated, so only the inlet end current collector 230 needs to be placed. During the placement of these components into the inner cavity, they move downwards along the surface of the insulating support 11 already placed in the inner cavity until they are stacked on the inlet end plate assembly 210.

[0171] A portion of the fuel cell stack 200 placed in the inner cavity will contact the insulating support 11 placed in the inner cavity, blocking a portion of the slot 12 of the side support 11a. In some embodiments, when the side of the air intake end plate assembly 210 is provided with a draft angle, only a portion of the side of the air intake end plate assembly 210 contacts the slot wall of the support 12. Therefore, installing a portion of the fuel cell stack 200 can provide a limiting point for the subsequent installation of the positioning rod 30.

[0172] S3. Place all the positioning rods 30 at intervals along each side of the housing 100 in the inner cavity, and at least two positioning rods 30 extend into the corresponding through slots 12.

[0173] Before the positioning rods 30 are placed, several insulating supports 11 have already been placed on two adjacent sides of the inner cavity of the housing 100. Therefore, the positioning rods 30 located on these two adjacent sides are all inserted into the through slots 12 of the corresponding side supports 11a. The remaining positioning rods 30 are placed on the remaining two adjacent sides, avoiding the installation positions of the insulating supports 11 on the remaining two adjacent sides. The positioning rods 30 inserted into the through slots 12 are blocked by a part of the components of the fuel cell stack 200 installed in step S2, and will be stably set in the through slots 12, and will not slip out of the slot openings of the through slots 12.

[0174] S4. Other components of the fuel cell stack 200 are stacked sequentially in the area enclosed by four or more positioning rods 30 within the inner cavity.

[0175] In step S3, positioning rods 30 are installed around the perimeter of the inner cavity of the housing 100. The area enclosed by the positioning rods 30 is the theoretical assembly position of the fuel cell stack 200 in the fuel cell module 1000. Other components of the fuel cell stack 200 are stacked sequentially in this area. When the stack is completed, the height of the fuel cell stack 200 is h1. The top of the positioning rods 30 needs to be higher than the top surface of the fuel cell stack 200 to ensure that all components of the fuel cell stack 200 are located within the area enclosed by each positioning rod 30.

[0176] S5. Press the blind end plate assembly 270 of the fuel cell stack 200 to the set height by pressing the press.

[0177] After stacking, the press clamps the outermost plate at the blind end of the fuel cell stack 200, namely the blind end plate assembly 270. In some embodiments, the blind end plate assembly 270 only includes the blind end plate 271, in which case the press clamps the blind end plate 271 and applies a downward clamping force in the stacking direction; in some embodiments, the blind end plate assembly 270 includes the blind end plate 271, the disc spring 273, and the disc spring support plate 272, in which case the press clamps the disc spring support plate 272 and applies a downward clamping force in the stacking direction. Each component of the stacked fuel cell stack 200 will move downwards by a distance under the pressure of the press. This downward movement is mainly due to the compression deformation of the seals between the components. The press presses the fuel cell stack 200 to a set height h2. The height difference Δh of the fuel cell stack 200 before and after pressing is Δh = h1 - h2, as shown in Figure 29A.

[0178] Before the press is removed, the pressure of the press needs to be transferred to the housing 100, which maintains the compression of the fuel cell stack 200. In some embodiments, a clamping member can be installed on the frame 110, which is fixedly connected to the frame 110 and clamps the fuel cell stack 200, thus transferring the pressure of the press.

[0179] In some embodiments, the pressure of the press is transferred by two or more crossbeams 20. Specifically, after the press presses the fuel cell stack 200 to a set height h2, two or more crossbeams 20 are placed on the blind end plate assembly 270 of the fuel cell stack 200, with the ends of the crossbeams 20 extending between the blind end plate assembly 270 and the frame 110, thus constraining the crossbeams 20 between the blind end plate assembly 270 and the frame 110. Because the crossbeams 20 are spaced apart and contact various points on the surface of the blind end plate assembly 270, after the press presses the fuel cell stack 200 to the set height h2, the distance between the surface of the blind end plate assembly 270 in contact with the crossbeams 20 and the surface of the frame 110 in contact with the crossbeams 20 is exactly equal to the thickness of the crossbeams 20. Therefore, the pressure applied to the fuel cell stack 200 by the press can be simulated by several crossbeams 20. The press can be removed after the crossbeams 20 are installed in place.

[0180] S6. Place the remaining insulating support members 11 at intervals along the other two adjacent sides of the box 100 in the inner cavity of the box 100.

[0181] In some embodiments, an upper opening 106 and a side opening 107 are respectively provided on two other adjacent sides of the frame 110, and the upper opening 106 and the side opening 107 are covered by an upper cover plate 130 and a side cover plate 140. When installing the remaining insulating support member 11, both the upper opening 106 and the side opening 107 are in an open state. Therefore, the remaining insulating support member 11 can be installed in the corresponding position through the upper opening 106 and the side opening 107, which can avoid damage to the core 240 when the remaining insulating support member 11 is inserted downward from the blind end break along the stacking direction between the stack 200 and the housing 100. After the insulating support rod on the corresponding side is installed, the upper cover plate 130 and the side cover plate 140 can be installed.

[0182] S7. Remove all positioning rods 30.

[0183] Since the thickness H1 of the positioning rod 31 located in the through groove 12 is not greater than the depth H2 of the through groove 12 and the width L1 is less than the width L2 of the through groove 12, and the thickness H4 of the positioning rod 32 located outside the through groove 12 is not greater than the thickness H3 of the insulating support member 11 located on the same side, when all the insulating support members 11 are installed in place, each insulating support member 11 abuts against each side of the fuel cell stack 200, and there will be no situation where the positioning rod 30 is squeezed due to lateral slippage during the assembly process of the fuel cell stack 200, making it easy to disassemble the positioning rod 30.

[0184] S8. Install the high-voltage component 300 and low-voltage component 400 of the fuel cell module 1000, encapsulate the housing 100, and complete the assembly of the fuel cell module 1000.

[0185] After the positioning rod 30 is removed, the blind end side plate 120 is installed on the frame 110 to cover the blind end port. In some embodiments, the fuel cell module 1000 also includes a plurality of spaced damping columns 123. Before installing the blind end side plate 120, the damping columns 123 are first assembled onto the blind end side plate 120 with screws, and then the blind end side plate 120 is installed on the frame 110. The initial height of the damping column 123 is greater than the distance between the blind end side plate 120 and the disc spring support plate 272 after installation. Therefore, after the blind end side plate 120 is fastened to the frame 110, the damping column 123 will be squeezed by the disc spring support plate 272 and the blind end side plate 120, thereby providing a reverse force as a supplement to the pressure transfer force of the crossbeam 20.

[0186] Since the stacking process is carried out along the stacking direction, the frame 110 is placed vertically, and the stacking direction is parallel to the vertical direction. The extension direction of the copper busbar is also along the stacking direction. The vertical placement of the frame 110 is not conducive to the assembly of the high-voltage component 300. Therefore, before assembling the high-voltage component 300, the assembled stack 200 and the enclosure 100 need to be placed horizontally so that the stacking direction is parallel to the horizontal direction.

[0187] When installing the high-voltage assembly 300, first install the through terminal 320 in the high-voltage mounting hole 105 of the frame 110; then insert the copper busbar assembly into the protrusion 111 through the operation port 104, and connect the copper busbar assembly to the tab of the current collector and the lower part of the through terminal 320 through the high-voltage bolt 340; finally connect the high-voltage operation cover plate 150 to the frame 110 to cover the operation port 104.

[0188] When installing the low-voltage component 400, first connect the CVP of the low-voltage component 400 to the tabs of the fuel cell stack 200. Then, connect several CVM acquisition modules 420 in series via the inspection wiring harness 430. Electrically connect the CVM acquisition module 420 at the end to the CVM main control module 410. After wiring is completed, install the cover 170, which encloses the low-voltage component 400. Alternatively, when installing the low-voltage component 400, first connect the CVP of the low-voltage component 400 to the tabs of the fuel cell stack 200. Then, electrically connect several CVPs to the CVM inspection device via the inspection wiring harness 430. After wiring is completed, install the cover 170, which encloses the low-voltage component 400.

[0189] After the high-pressure operation cover 150 and the cover 170 are installed, a complete enclosed box 100 is formed, completing the assembly of the entire fuel cell module 1000.

[0190] Please refer to Figure 33. A second aspect embodiment of this application provides a vehicle including at least one fuel cell module 1000 as described in any of the first aspects embodiments above. Specifically, the vehicle includes a fuel cell power system, which includes a fuel cell system, a DC / DC converter, a drive motor and its motor controller, and an on-board energy storage device. The fuel cell system includes the fuel cell module 1000 and a fuel cell auxiliary system. The fuel cell system can operate normally when connected to an external fuel supply source.

[0191] The fuel cell auxiliary system of this fuel cell system includes an air supply subsystem, a fuel supply subsystem, a thermal management subsystem, and an automatic control system. The air supply subsystem supplies air to each stack 200 of the fuel cell module 1000 and can selectively perform processes such as filtration, humidification, and pressure regulation on the air. The air supply subsystem is connected to the air inlet and air outlet of each stack 200 of the fuel cell module 1000. The fuel supply subsystem supplies fuel to each stack 200 of the fuel cell module 1000 and can selectively perform processes such as humidification and pressure regulation on the fuel to convert it into fuel gas suitable for operation within the fuel cell stack. Taking hydrogen as an example, the fuel supply subsystem is connected to the hydrogen inlet and hydrogen outlet of each stack 200 of the fuel cell module 1000. The thermal management subsystem is connected to each stack 200 of the fuel cell module 1000 to provide coolant for cooling and / or heating of the stack 200, and to recycle water generated in the stack 200.

[0192] The automatic control system is electrically connected to the fuel cell module 1000, the air supply subsystem, the fuel supply subsystem, and the thermal management subsystem, respectively. The automatic control system is an assembly including sensors, actuators, valves, switches, and control logic components, ensuring that the fuel cell system can operate normally without manual intervention. In other embodiments, the fuel cell auxiliary system may further include a ventilation system for mechanically venting gases from the fuel cell casing to the outside. In this embodiment, the fuel cell auxiliary system is not modified; therefore, more detailed information can be found in existing disclosures and will not be elaborated here.

[0193] In the fuel cell power system, the DC / DC converter is electrically connected to each fuel cell stack 200 to achieve voltage conversion. It regulates the voltage generated by each stack 200 and outputs it to high-voltage devices such as the drive motor, the automotive air conditioning compressor, and energy storage devices such as batteries. The drive motor is electrically connected to the DC / DC converter to provide the torque required for vehicle operation. The motor controller is electrically connected to the drive motor to control its start, stop, and torque output. The motor controller is also connected to the vehicle control system, receiving driving signals from the vehicle controller. Optionally, the motor controller can be electrically connected to the fuel cell system's automatic control system. An on-board energy storage device, such as a battery, is used to store electrical energy to power other electronic devices within the vehicle and is electrically connected to the DC / DC converter.

[0194] In this embodiment, the DC / DC converter, drive motor and its motor controller, and on-board energy storage device in the fuel cell power system have not been modified. Therefore, more detailed information can be found in the relevant disclosures of the prior art, and will not be elaborated here.

[0195] In addition, the vehicle also needs to include a transmission system and a fuel storage device for storing fuel. The transmission system transmits the torque of the drive motor to drive the wheels to rotate. The fuel storage device functions similarly to the fuel tank in a gasoline vehicle. The fuel storage device is connected to the fuel supply subsystem of the fuel cell system through pipelines.

[0196] Therefore, the vehicle can be a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle or a hydrogen-powered hybrid electric vehicle, and can be a passenger car, bus, or truck. Since this embodiment does not modify the specific structure of the vehicle, the structural aspects of the vehicle that remain unchanged in this embodiment can refer to existing technologies, and specific details will not be elaborated here. Thus, the vehicle possesses all the features and advantages described above regarding the fuel cell power system, fuel cell system, fuel cell module 1000, and fuel cell stack 200, which will not be repeated here.

[0197] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0198] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", and "counterclockwise" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0199] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0200] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0201] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fuel cell module, comprising: The housing includes a main shell, an air intake end plate assembly, and a blind end side plate. The main shell has an air intake port and a blind port that are interconnected. The air intake end plate assembly is connected to the main shell and covers the air intake port. The blind end side plate is connected to the main shell and covers the blind port. A fuel cell stack is disposed in the main housing. The fuel cell stack includes the air inlet end plate assembly, the air inlet end current collector, the stack core, the blind end current collector and the blind end plate assembly arranged in sequence. The stack core includes two or more stacked single cells. An insulating support assembly is disposed between the housing and the fuel cell stack, and the insulating support assembly is in contact with each side of the fuel cell stack and each inner side of the main housing; the insulating support assembly includes a plurality of insulating support members distributed circumferentially along the fuel cell stack. Two or more crossbeams are spaced apart at one end of the housing near the blind end side plate; both ends of the two or more crossbeams are limited by the main housing, so that the main housing, together with the air intake end plate assembly, applies a fastening force along the stacking direction to the fuel cell stack.

2. The fuel cell module according to claim 1, wherein, The insulating support extends along the stacking direction; a plurality of the insulating supports are respectively distributed at each corner of the fuel cell stack and on each side of the fuel cell stack.

3. The fuel cell module according to claim 2, wherein, At least one of the insulating supports is provided with a ridge, the end face of which contacts the fuel cell stack and / or the main housing; and / or, the inner side of the main housing is provided with one or more partial outward convex surfaces for contacting the insulating support.

4. The fuel cell module according to claim 3, wherein, The two adjacent insulating supports, together with the main housing and the fuel cell stack, form a cavity; the housing is provided with a purge inlet, a purge outlet and a drain outlet communicating with at least one of the cavities; The length of the ridge in contact with the main housing is less than the length of the body of the insulating support, so that the ridge, the body and the main housing form a purge channel connecting two adjacent cavities; or, the ridge has one or more recesses spaced apart, the recesses forming the purge channel; or, the ridges are spaced apart along the stacking direction, and the gap between two adjacent ridges forms the purge channel.

5. The fuel cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The intake end plate assembly is provided with multiple mounting slots, the blind end side plate is provided with multiple limiting posts, and one end of each of the multiple insulating support members is respectively set in the multiple mounting slots and the other end is respectively set in the multiple limiting posts. The blind end plate assembly has multiple limiting protrusions on its periphery, and at least one of the insulating support members is engaged between two adjacent limiting protrusions.

6. The fuel cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The main housing is provided with a plurality of protrusions spaced apart along the distribution direction of the crossbeams, and each crossbeam is sandwiched between two adjacent protrusions; the height of the protrusions is not greater than the thickness of the crossbeams; The outer end face of the blind end plate assembly is provided with grooves corresponding to the crossbeams, and the crossbeams are located in the corresponding grooves; the groove depth is not greater than the thickness of the crossbeams.

7. The fuel cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The distance between two adjacent crossbeams located in the middle is no greater than the distance between two adjacent crossbeams located at the edge; The positions of the insulating supports located on the two long sides of the fuel cell stack do not correspond.

8. The fuel cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The fuel cell module also includes multiple spaced shock-absorbing columns, which are staggered from the two or more crossbeams; all the shock-absorbing columns are connected to the blind end side plate to abut against the fuel cell stack.

9. The fuel cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The main housing is also provided with a low-pressure assembly port and a high-pressure installation port that are connected to both the air intake port and the blind port; The fuel cell module further includes a high-voltage component and a low-voltage component. The high-voltage component includes a copper busbar assembly and an output terminal electrically connected to the copper busbar assembly. The copper busbar assembly is encapsulated in the main housing. The output terminal is installed in the high-voltage mounting port and is installed through the main housing. The low-voltage component is electrically connected to the tab of the single cell through the low-voltage mounting port.

10. The fuel cell module according to claim 9, wherein, The main housing includes: The frame includes an interconnected air inlet port, a blind port, a low-pressure assembly port, a high-pressure mounting port, an operating port, an upper opening, and a side opening. One side of the frame has an outward protrusion, where the high-pressure mounting port and the operating port are both located. A copper busbar assembly is electrically connected to the current collector of the fuel cell stack and is located within the outward protrusion. A through-terminal is installed in the outward protrusion. The connection between the copper busbar assembly and the current collector and / or the through-terminal is exposed through the operating port. The low-pressure assembly port is located on the same side as the outward protrusion, allowing the low-pressure assembly to be installed below the outward protrusion. The upper opening of the frame contains one or more longitudinal beams, which are staggered from the two or more transverse beams. The upper cover plate is connected to the frame, covers the upper opening, and contacts the corresponding insulating support member; A side cover plate is connected to the frame, covers the side opening, and contacts the corresponding insulating support. A high-pressure operating cover plate is connected to the protruding part and covers the operating port.

11. The fuel cell module according to claim 9, wherein, The low-voltage component includes a CVM main control module, several CVM acquisition modules, and several inspection harnesses. The CVM acquisition modules are connected in series through the inspection harnesses and communicate via a daisy chain. The CVM acquisition module at the end is electrically connected to the CVM main control module. Several connectors for plugging into the tabs are integrated on the CVM acquisition modules.

12. The fuel cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The intake end plate assembly includes an end plate body and an insulating layer; the insulating layer covers at least the cavity wall of the flow channel cavity of the end plate body and the end face facing the core, to form an intake end insulating plate. Alternatively, the air intake end plate may be made of plastic and serve as both the air intake end plate and the air intake end insulation plate of the fuel cell stack.

13. The fuel cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The fuel cell module also includes an adapter that communicates with the flow channel of the intake end plate assembly; the adapter is provided with a pipe joint that connects to an external pipe, and the opening shape at the connection between the adapter and the flow channel of the intake end plate assembly is configured such that the opening for the flow of the reaction medium is rectangular, and the opening for the flow of the cooling medium is a composite shape of a rectangle and a semicircle or a semiellipse.

14. The fuel cell module according to claim 13, wherein, The adapter and the air intake end plate are either an integral structure or a separate structure. The adapter integrates sensors for detecting pressure, temperature, and relative humidity.

15. The fuel cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The single cell includes a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode; the bipolar plate is provided with an asymmetric sealing element to achieve a seal between the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode; the outer periphery of the bipolar plate is covered with an insulating cover, and the insulating support is in contact with both the insulating material and the insulating frame of the membrane electrode.

16. The fuel cell module according to claim 15, wherein, The bipolar plate includes a cathode plate and an anode plate welded together, with the main openings of the cathode plate and the anode plate arranged around the perimeter; the flow channels in the active areas of the cathode plate and the anode plate are both wave-type mixed flow channels including wavy segments and straight segments; the wave-type mixed flow channels of the cathode plate and the anode plate are staggered in the form of alternating wave crests and overlap in the straight segments, and the straight segments of the anode plate are welded to the straight segments of the cathode plate.

17. The fuel cell module according to claim 16, wherein, The sidewall of one side of the ridge of the wave-shaped mixing channel is curved relative to the sidewall of the adjacent ridge of the channel, so as to form a tapering zone with a reduced cross-sectional area at the corner of the wave-shaped mixing channel located at odd or even positions.

18. The fuel cell module according to claim 15, wherein, The active area of ​​both the cathode plate and the anode plate is 250~500 cm². 2 The thickness of the substrate of the cathode plate and the anode plate is 0.075~0.1mm; the material of the substrate is stainless steel plate or titanium plate; The active area of ​​the membrane electrode is 250~500 cm². 2 The thickness is 250~400μm; the proton exchange membrane of the membrane electrode is a composite membrane with a thickness of 8~12μm; the anode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode is made of Pt / C or PtIr / C; the cathode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode is made of Pt / C, PtCo / C or PtCoMn / C; the gas diffusion layer of the membrane electrode is made of carbon paper or carbon cloth; the insulating frame adopts an inner and outer double frame structure.

19. The fuel cell module according to claim 15, wherein, The core has two or more empty cells at both ends. The empty cells are dummy cell structures that do not undergo electrochemical reactions and allow the flow of cooling medium.

20. A vehicle comprising a fuel cell module according to any one of claims 1-19.

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