Transmission control method and communication apparatus

Abstract

A transmission control method and a communication apparatus. The method comprises: an access network device sends first information, the first information being used for requesting a first transmission parameter from a first core network element; the first core network element sends second information to the access network device, the second information being used for indicating the first transmission parameter; the access network device sends third information to a terminal, the third information being used for indicating transmission control information of first data, the transmission control information being obtained on the basis of the first transmission parameter and an AI model, and the transmission control information being used for indicating time information for delivering the first data to an application layer; and, on the basis of the transmission control information, the terminal delivers the first data to the application layer. Using the present method can accurately indicate the time information for the terminal delivering the first data to the application layer, transmission parameters are collected via a core network, and the access network device can obtain accurate source information from the core network, thereby improving the accuracy of transmission control.

Description

Transmission control method and communication device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410865618.8, filed on June 28, 2024, entitled "Transmission Control Method and Communication Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a transmission control method and a communication device. Background Technology

[0003] In recent years, with the fifth generation (5G) th With the continuous development of 5G communication systems, data transmission latency is constantly decreasing and transmission capacity is increasing. 5G communication systems are gradually penetrating some multimedia services with strong real-time requirements and large data capacity requirements, such as video transmission, cloud gaming (CG), and extended reality (XR).

[0004] Cloud Extended Reality (Cloud XR) introduces the concepts and technologies of cloud computing and cloud rendering into XR business applications. With the help of a high-speed and stable network, the display output and sound output in the cloud are transmitted to the user equipment (UE) after being encoded and compressed, realizing the uploading of XR business content and rendering to the cloud, while XR user equipment can also meet the requirements of lightweight and mobility.

[0005] Extending real-world services to the cloud places stringent latency requirements on the network, posing a significant challenge to 5G systems.

[0006] Currently, some source control algorithms on the source side refer to the sending end sensing changes in network bandwidth and adjusting the amount of data sent accordingly. However, these algorithms are based on "detect first, adjust later," which may lead to untimely rate reduction causing stuttering, or untimely recovery causing frequency efficiency loss. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a transmission control method and a communication device to perform transmission control in a timely manner and improve transmission reliability.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a transmission control method, which can be applied to a network side, for example, an access network device of the network side, a module (for example, a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc.) in the access network device, or a logic node, a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the access network device. Taking the case where the method is applied to the access network device, in the method, the access network device sends first information, the first information being used to request a first transmission parameter from a first core network element; the access network device receives second information from the first core network element, the second information being used to indicate the first transmission parameter; and the access network device sends third information to a terminal, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information of first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on the first transmission parameter and an artificial intelligence (AI) model, and the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to an application layer.

[0009] By using the above method, the access network device can request the first transmission parameter from the first core network element in real time, and obtain the transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and the AI model of the access network device, so that the time information of submitting the first data to the application layer of the terminal can be accurately indicated, and transmission control can be performed in a timely manner according to the change of the network channel, thereby improving the transmission reliability.

[0010] In a possible design, the first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data amount carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, an arrival interval jitter, and a delay.

[0011] In another possible design, the method further includes: the access network device sends fourth information to a second core network element, the fourth information being used to request collection of the first transmission parameter; and the access network device receives fifth information from the second core network element, the fifth information being used to indicate confirmation of the fourth information.

[0012] By using the above design, before the access network device requests the first transmission parameter from the core network, the core network needs to be notified of the request of the access network device for collection of the first transmission parameter.

[0013] In yet another possible design, the method further includes: the access network device obtains a second transmission parameter; and the access network device trains the AI model based on the second transmission parameter.

[0014] By using the above design, the access network device trains the AI model based on the second transmission parameter obtained from the core network, so that the transmission control information output by the AI model can better reflect the change of the network channel.

[0015] In another possible design, the method further includes: sending, by the access network device, sixth information, the sixth information being used to request the second transmission parameter from the first core network element; and obtaining, by the access network device, the second transmission parameter, including: receiving, by the access network device, seventh information from the first core network element, the seventh information being used to indicate the second transmission parameter.

[0016] With the above design, the AI model is trained by obtaining the second transmission parameter from the core network, so that the AI model can more accurately simulate the real network state.

[0017] In another possible design, the method further includes: sending, by the access network device, eighth information to the second core network element, the eighth information being used to request collection of the second transmission parameter; and receiving, by the access network device, ninth information from the second core network element, the ninth information being used to indicate confirmation of the eighth information.

[0018] With the above design, before the access network device requests the second transmission parameter from the core network, the core network needs to be notified of the collection of the second transmission parameter.

[0019] In another possible design, the second transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, sending timestamp of the packet, number of data packets, data amount carried by the data packet, packet loss rate, arrival interval jitter, and delay.

[0020] In another possible design, the access network device sends the first information, including: sending, by the access network device, the first information based on a first period, the first period being N times of a second period corresponding to the first data, N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0021] In another possible design, the transmission control information is further used to indicate the transmission rate of the first data.

[0022] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a transmission control method. The method can be applied to a terminal side, for example, a terminal or a communication module / processing module in the terminal, or a circuit or chip responsible for communication function in the terminal (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or system in package (SIP) chip containing a modem core), or a circuit or chip responsible for processing function in the terminal (such as a graphics processing unit (GPU)). Taking the case where the method is applied to a terminal as an example, in the method, the terminal receives third information, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information of first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on a first transmission parameter and an AI model, and the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to an application layer; and the terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0023] By using the above method, the terminal can submit the first data to the application layer according to the time information of submitting the first data to the application layer indicated by the access network device, timely perform transmission control according to network channel changes, and improve transmission reliability.

[0024] In a third aspect, the method can be applied to a network side, for example, a user plane device of the network side, a module (such as a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc.) in the user plane device, or a logic node, a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the function of the user plane device. Taking the case where the method is applied to a user plane device as an example, in the method, the user plane device receives first information, the first information being used to request a first transmission parameter; and the user plane device sends second information, the second information being used to indicate the first transmission parameter, the first transmission parameter being used for determination of transmission control information, the transmission control information being further associated with an AI model, and the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting first data to an application layer.

[0025] By using the above method, the access network device can obtain transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and the AI model of the access network device, so as to accurately indicate the time information of submitting the first data to the application layer of the terminal, and timely perform transmission control according to network channel changes.

[0026] In a possible design, the first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data amount carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, an arrival interval jitter, and a delay.

[0027] In another possible design, the method further includes: receiving, by the user plane device, sixth information, the sixth information being used to request the second transmission parameter; and sending, by the user plane device, seventh information, the seventh information being used to indicate the second transmission parameter; wherein the second transmission parameter is used to train the AI model.

[0028] In yet another possible design, the second transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data volume carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, an inter-arrival jitter, and a latency.

[0029] In a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, which has the function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a module or unit or means corresponding to the operations of the first aspect, which can be implemented by software, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.

[0030] For example, the communication apparatus includes a communication unit, and can further include a processing unit and a storage unit; wherein:

[0031] The communication unit is configured to send first information, the first information being used to request a first transmission parameter from a first core network element; the communication unit is further configured to receive second information from the first core network element, the second information being used to indicate the first transmission parameter; and the communication unit is further configured to send third information to a terminal, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information of the first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on the first transmission parameter and an AI model, the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to an application layer.

[0032] In a possible design, the first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data volume carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, an inter-arrival jitter, and a latency.

[0033] In another possible design, the communication unit is further configured to send fourth information to a second core network element, the fourth information being used to request collection of the first transmission parameter; and the communication unit is further configured to receive fifth information from the second core network element, the fifth information being used to indicate an acknowledgement of the fourth information.

[0034] In yet another possible design, the processing unit is configured to obtain a second transmission parameter; and the processing unit is further configured to train the AI model based on the second transmission parameter.

[0035] In yet another possible design, the communication unit is further configured to send sixth information, the sixth information being used to request the second transmission parameter from the first core network element; and the communication unit is further configured to receive seventh information from the first core network element, the seventh information being used to indicate the second transmission parameter.

[0036] In yet another possible design, the communication unit is further configured to send eighth information to the second core network element, the eighth information being used to request collection of the second transmission parameter; and the communication unit is further configured to receive ninth information from the second core network element, the ninth information being used to indicate confirmation of the eighth information.

[0037] In yet another possible design, the second transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, sending timestamp of the packet, number of data packets, data volume carried by the data packets, packet loss rate, inter-arrival jitter, and latency.

[0038] In yet another possible design, the communication unit is further configured to send the first information based on a first period, the first period being N times of a second period corresponding to the first data, N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0039] In yet another possible design, the transmission control information is further used to indicate the transmission rate of the first data.

[0040] In a fifth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus can implement the functions of the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes modules or units or means corresponding to the operations of the second aspect. These modules or units or means can be implemented in software, or in hardware, or in a combination of software and hardware.

[0041] For example, the communication apparatus includes a communication unit and a processing unit, and can further include a storage unit. The communication unit is configured to receive third information, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information of the first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on the first transmission parameter and the AI model, the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to the application layer. The processing unit is configured to submit the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0042] For example, the communication apparatus includes a communication unit and a processing unit, and can further include a storage unit. The communication unit is configured to receive third information, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information of the first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on the first transmission parameter and the AI model, the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to the application layer. The processing unit is configured to submit the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0043] In a sixth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus can implement the functions of the third aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes modules or units or means corresponding to the operations of the third aspect. These modules or units or means can be implemented in software, or in hardware, or in a combination of software and hardware.

[0044] Exemplarily, the communication apparatus comprises a communication unit, and can further comprise a processing unit and a storage unit; wherein:

[0045] The communication unit is configured to receive first information, the first information being used to request first transmission parameters; and the communication unit is further configured to send second information, the second information being used to indicate the first transmission parameters, the first transmission parameters being used for determination of transmission control information, the transmission control information being further associated with an AI model, the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting first data to an application layer.

[0046] In a possible design, the first transmission parameters comprise one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data amount carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, an arrival interval jitter, and a latency.

[0047] In another possible design, the communication unit is further configured to receive sixth information, the sixth information being used to request second transmission parameters; and the communication unit is further configured to send seventh information, the seventh information being used to indicate the second transmission parameters; wherein the second transmission parameters are used for training the AI model.

[0048] In yet another possible design, the second transmission parameters comprise one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data amount carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, an arrival interval jitter, and a latency.

[0049] In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a communication apparatus, which comprises an interface circuit and one or more processors. The one or more processors are coupled with a memory. The memory is configured to store part or all of necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions related to the first aspect. The one or more processors can execute the computer programs or instructions, when the computer programs or instructions are executed, to enable the communication apparatus to implement the method in any possible design or implementation manner of the first aspect. The interface circuit is configured to implement the communication function within the communication apparatus and / or the communication function of the communication apparatus with other apparatuses or components.

[0050] In a possible design, the processor is configured to communicate with other apparatuses or components through the interface circuit.

[0051] In a possible design, the communication apparatus can further comprise the memory.

[0052] The communication apparatus can be an access network device, a module (such as a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc.) in the access network device, or a logic node, a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the access network device.

[0053] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a communication apparatus, which comprises an interface circuit and one or more processors. The one or more processors are coupled to a memory. The memory is configured to store part or all of the necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions related to the second aspect. The one or more processors can execute the computer programs or instructions, which, when executed, cause the communication apparatus to implement the method in any possible design or implementation manner of the second aspect. The interface circuit is configured to implement the communication function within the communication apparatus and / or the communication function between the communication apparatus and other apparatuses or components.

[0054] In a possible design, the processor is configured to communicate with other apparatuses or components via the interface circuit.

[0055] In a possible design, the communication apparatus can further include the memory.

[0056] The communication apparatus can be a terminal, a communication / processing module in the terminal, a chip (such as a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC or SIP chip including a modem module in the terminal and responsible for communication functions, or a circuit or chip (such as a GPU) in the terminal and responsible for processing functions.

[0057] In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a communication apparatus, which comprises an interface circuit and one or more processors. The one or more processors are coupled to a memory. The memory is configured to store part or all of the necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions related to the third aspect. The one or more processors can execute the computer programs or instructions, which, when executed, cause the communication apparatus to implement the method in any possible design or implementation manner of the third aspect. The interface circuit is configured to implement the communication function within the communication apparatus and / or the communication function between the communication apparatus and other apparatuses or components.

[0058] In a possible design, the processor is configured to communicate with other apparatuses or components via the interface circuit.

[0059] In a possible design, the communication apparatus can further include the memory.

[0060] The communication apparatus can be a user plane device, a module (such as a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc.) in the user plane device, or a logic node, a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the user plane device.

[0061] In a tenth aspect, the present application provides a communication system, which includes the communication apparatus in the fourth aspect or any possible design in the fourth aspect, the communication apparatus in the fifth aspect or any possible design in the fifth aspect, and the communication apparatus in the sixth aspect or any possible design in the sixth aspect.

[0062] In an eleventh aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores computer readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer readable instructions, the computer executes the method in any possible design of the first aspect to the third aspect.

[0063] In a twelfth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, and when a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer executes the method in any possible design of the first aspect to the third aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0064] FIG. 1 is a possible, non-limiting system diagram;

[0065] FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are possible application framework diagrams in a communication system;

[0066] FIG. 4 is an architecture diagram of a cloud virtual reality / augmented reality communication network;

[0067] FIG. 5 is a delay-based rate control diagram;

[0068] FIG. 6 is a diagram of an application layer regulation mechanism and network channel change;

[0069] FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are flow diagrams of a transmission control method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] FIG. 9A is a non-memory AI transmission control logic diagram according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0071] FIG. 9B is a memory AI transmission control logic diagram according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG. 10 is a possible exemplary block diagram of a communication device involved in an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] FIG. 11 is a structure diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] Figure 1 shows a possible, non-limiting, schematic diagram of a system. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 10 includes a radio access network (RAN) 100 and a core network (CN) 200. The RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (e.g., 110a and 110b in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 110) and at least one terminal (e.g., 120a-120j in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 120). Other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 1), etc., can also be included in the RAN 100. The terminals 120 are wirelessly connected to the RAN nodes 110. The RAN nodes 110 are connected to the core network 200 through wireless or wired means. The core network devices in the core network 200 and the RAN nodes 110 in the RAN 100 can be different physical devices, or can be the same physical device integrated with core network logic functions and radio access network logic functions, respectively. The RAN 100, the core network 200 can also be connected to the Internet 300.

[0075] The RAN 100 can be a third generation partnership project (3GPP) related cellular system, such as a 4G, 5G mobile communication system, or a future-oriented evolved system. The RAN 100 can also be an open radio access network (O-RAN or ORAN), a cloud radio access network (CRAN), or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system. The RAN 100 can also be a communication system that combines two or more of the above systems. rd The RAN 100 can be a third generation partnership project (3GPP) related cellular system, such as a 4G, 5G mobile communication system, or a future-oriented evolved system. The RAN 100 can also be an open radio access network (O-RAN or ORAN), a cloud radio access network (CRAN), or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system. The RAN 100 can also be a communication system that combines two or more of the above systems.

[0076] The RAN nodes 110, which can also be referred to as access network devices, RAN entities, or access nodes, etc., form part of the communication system and help terminals to access wirelessly. The RAN nodes 110 in the communication system 10 can be the same type of node or different types of nodes. In some scenarios, the roles of the RAN nodes 110 and the terminals 120 are relative, e.g., the network element 120i in Figure 1 can be a helicopter or a drone, which can be configured as a mobile base station. For those terminals 120j that access the RAN 100 through the network element 120i, the network element 120i is a base station; but for the base station 110a, the network element 120i is a terminal. The RAN nodes 110 and the terminals 120 are sometimes referred to as communication apparatuses, e.g., the network elements 110a and 110b in Figure 1 can be understood as communication apparatuses with base station functions, and the network elements 120a-120j can be understood as communication apparatuses with terminal functions.

[0077] In a possible scenario, the RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next generation NodeB (gNB), a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a WiFi system, etc. The RAN node can be a macro base station (such as 110a in FIG. 1), a micro base station or an indoor station (such as 110b in FIG. 1), a relay node or a donor node, or a wireless controller in a CRAN scenario. Optionally, the RAN node can also be a server, a wearable device, a vehicle or a vehicle-mounted device, etc. For example, the access network device in vehicle to everything (V2X) technology can be a road side unit (RSU). All or part of the functions of the RAN node in this application can also be implemented by software functions running on hardware, or by virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (such as a cloud platform). The RAN node can also be provided with a communication module, circuit or chip for performing corresponding communication functions, and program instructions for performing corresponding communication functions. The RAN node in this application can also be a logical node, a logical module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the RAN node.

[0078] In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes cooperate to assist a terminal to implement wireless access, and different RAN nodes respectively implement part of the functions of a base station. For example, the RAN node can be a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU), etc. The CU and the DU can be separately arranged, or can be included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna processing unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0079] In different systems, the CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU or RU can also have different names, but those skilled in the art can understand their meanings. For example, in the ORAN system, the CU can also be referred to as O-CU (open CU), the DU can also be referred to as O-DU, the CU-CP can also be referred to as O-CU-CP, the CU-UP can also be referred to as O-CU-UP, and the RU can also be referred to as O-RU. For the convenience of description, the CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU and RU are taken as examples for description in this application. Any one of the CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU and RU in this application can be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.

[0080] A terminal can access the above communication system and has corresponding communication functions. The terminal can also be referred to as a terminal device, a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a mobile terminal, etc. The terminal can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), internet of things (IOT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, remote medical treatment, smart power grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wear, smart transportation, smart city, etc. The terminal can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a wearable device, a vehicle, a drone, a helicopter, an airplane, a ship, a robot, a mechanical arm, a smart home device, a transport vehicle with wireless communication function, a communication module, etc. Embodiments of the present application do not limit the device form of the terminal. The terminal is usually provided with a communication module, circuit or chip for executing corresponding communication functions. The terminal is also configured with program instructions for executing corresponding communication functions.

[0081] In order to support AI technology in a wireless network, an AI node can also be introduced in the network.

[0082] The AI node can be deployed in one or more of the following positions in the communication system: an access network node (RAN node), a terminal, or a core network device, etc. Alternatively, the AI node can also be deployed separately, for example, in a position other than any of the above devices, such as a host or a cloud server of an over the top (OTT) system. The AI node can communicate with other devices in the communication system, which can be one or more of the following: a network device, a terminal, or a network element of a core network, etc.

[0083] It can be understood that the number of AI nodes is not limited in the present application. For example, when there are multiple AI nodes, the multiple AI nodes can be divided based on functions, such as different AI nodes being responsible for different functions.

[0084] It can also be understood that the AI nodes can be independent devices, can be integrated into the same device to implement different functions, or can be network elements in a hardware device, or can be software functions running on a dedicated hardware, or virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (for example, a cloud platform), and the specific form of the AI nodes is not limited in the present application.

[0085] The AI node can be an AI network element or an AI module.

[0086] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a possible application framework in a communication system. As shown in FIG. 2, the network elements in the communication system are connected through interfaces (for example, NG, Xn) or air interfaces. One or more AI modules (only one is shown in FIG. 2 for clarity) are arranged in one or more of the network element nodes, such as a core network device, an access network node (RAN node), a terminal, or an operations administration and maintenance (OAM) device. The access network node can be a single RAN node or can include multiple RAN nodes, for example, including a CU and a DU. The CU and / or the DU can also be arranged with one or more AI modules. The CU can also be split into a CU-CP and a CU-UP, and the CU-CP and / or the CU-UP can be arranged with one or more AI modules.

[0087] The AI module is used to implement corresponding AI functions. The AI modules deployed in different network elements can be the same or different. The model of the AI module can implement different functions according to different parameter configurations. The model of the AI module can be configured based on one or more of the following parameters: a structural parameter (for example, at least one of a number of neural network layers, a neural network width, a connection relationship between layers, a weight of a neuron, an activation function of a neuron, or a bias in the activation function), an input parameter (for example, a type of input parameter and / or a dimension of the input parameter), or an output parameter (for example, a type of output parameter and / or a dimension of the output parameter). The bias in the activation function can also be referred to as a bias of the neural network.

[0088] In one example, the neural network described above can be a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), or a generative adversarial network (GAN).

[0089] A DNN is a type of artificial neural network architecture that has multiple layers of nonlinear transformation units stacked together in a hierarchical structure, forming a deep computational model. Compared to a shallow neural network, a deep neural network has more hidden layers, allowing the network model to capture more complex data intrinsic structures and high-level abstract features.

[0090] A CNN is a type of deep neural network with a convolutional structure. A CNN includes a feature extractor composed of convolutional layers and subsampling layers. The feature extractor can be viewed as a filter, and the convolution process can be viewed as using a trainable filter to convolve with an input image or a convolutional feature map.

[0091] An RNN is a type of recursive neural network that takes sequence data as input, performs recursion in the evolution direction of the sequence, and connects all nodes (recurrent units) in a chain.

[0092] A GAN is a type of deep learning model. It is composed of a generator and a discriminator, and is trained through adversarial learning. The goal is to estimate the underlying distribution of data samples and generate new data samples.

[0093] An AI module can have one or more models. A model can infer an output that includes a parameter or multiple parameters. The learning process, training process, or inference process of different models can be deployed in different nodes or devices, or can be deployed in the same node or device.

[0094] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another possible application framework in a communication system. As shown in FIG. 3, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) is included in the communication system. The RIC can be the AI module shown in FIG. 2, for example, to implement AI-related functions. The RIC includes a near-real time RIC (near-RT RIC) and a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC). The Non-RT RIC mainly processes non-real-time information, such as data that is not sensitive to latency, which can be on the order of seconds. The near-RT RIC mainly processes near-real-time information, such as data that is relatively sensitive to latency, which can be on the order of tens of milliseconds.

[0095] The near-RT RIC is used for model training and inference. For example, to train an AI model, and to use the AI model for inference. The near-RT RIC can obtain network-side and / or terminal-side information from RAN nodes (such as CUs, CU-CPs, CU-UPs, DUs, and / or RUs) and / or terminals. The information can be used as training data or inference data. The inference result can be submitted to the RAN nodes and / or terminals by the near-RT RIC. The inference result can be exchanged between CUs and DUs, and / or between DUs and RUs. For example, the inference result is submitted to a DU by the near-RT RIC, and the DU sends it to an RU.

[0096] The Non-RT RIC is also used for model training and inference. For example, to train an AI model, and to use the AI model for inference. The Non-RT RIC can obtain network-side and / or terminal-side information from RAN nodes (such as CUs, CU-CPs, CU-UPs, DUs, and / or RUs) and / or terminals. The information can be used as training data or inference data, and the inference result can be submitted to the RAN nodes and / or terminals. The inference result can be exchanged between CUs and DUs, and / or between DUs and RUs. For example, the inference result is submitted to a DU by the Non-RT RIC, and the DU sends it to an RU.

[0097] The near-RT RIC and the Non-RT RIC can also be separately provided as a network element. The near-RT RIC and the Non-RT RIC can also be part of other devices. For example, the near-RT RIC is provided in a RAN node (such as a CU, a DU), and the Non-RT RIC is provided in an OAM, a cloud server, a core network device, or another network device.

[0098] In recent years, with the continuous development of 5G communication systems, the data transmission delay is continuously reduced, and the transmission capacity is getting larger and larger, and 5G communication systems gradually penetrate some real-time strong, large data capacity requirement multimedia services such as video transmission, cloud games and XR, etc., wherein XR includes virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR).

[0099] With the rapid improvement of communication transmission rate, real-time video transmission service has gradually become one of the core services in the current network. The continuous progress and improvement of extended reality technology have also brought about the vigorous development of related industries. Today, VR technology, as a kind of XR, has entered various fields closely related to people's production and life such as education, entertainment, medical treatment, environmental protection, transportation, public health, etc. Compared with traditional video services, VR has the advantages of multi-view, strong interactivity, etc., providing users with a new visual experience. VR combines computer graphics, multimedia and other technologies, simulates the functions of human visual, auditory, tactile and other sensory organs, and can communicate in real time through language, gestures, etc., enhancing the sense of immersion. AR is to use computer technology to superimpose virtual information on the real world, which is displayed through mobile phones, tablets, glasses and other devices and perceived by people, thereby realizing the integration of reality and virtuality, enriching the real world. In short, it is to give physical objects more information, enhance the sense of three-dimensionality, and strengthen the visual effect and interactive experience.

[0100] Cloud virtual reality (Cloud VR) and cloud augmented reality (Cloud AR) are to introduce the concept and technology of cloud computing and cloud rendering into VR / AR business applications, and to transmit the encoded and compressed display output and sound output from the cloud to the terminal through a high-speed and stable network, realizing the cloud of VR / AR business content and rendering, and the VR / AR terminal can also realize the demand for light weight and mobility. Figure 4 shows the architecture of a Cloud VR / AR communication network, and the VR / AR terminal is connected to the network through a base station or other access points to obtain VR / AR services from the cloud.

[0101] Cloud XR service has strict latency requirements for the network. The motion to photons (MTP) latency needs to be less than 20 ms, so as to provide a partial immersive experience. With the use of asynchronous rendering technology, the end-to-end interaction latency can be relaxed to 70 ms. After excluding the encoding and rendering latency on the server side and the decoding processing latency of the terminal, only 20 ms is left for network transmission, of which 10 ms is for uplink transmission and 10 ms is for downlink transmission. In recent years, with the evolution of XR services, including the maturity of haptic internet technology, the latency requirements for the network are further strict. For example, in a remote control system, in order to ensure the high fidelity of haptics and remote operation, the sampling rate of haptic information should not be less than 1 kHz, and the transmission latency requirement of the sample is 5 ms, which brings great challenges to the 5G system.

[0102] Embodiments of the present application are related to source control algorithms on the source side. Since the network bandwidth is often limited and dynamically changing, the sending end cannot occupy the network bandwidth unlimitedly. If the amount of data sent at a certain moment is too much, it will cause an increase in the queuing delay on the network link, and further cause the generation of packet retransmission.

[0103] The source control algorithm guides the sending end to perceive the change of the network bandwidth, and adjusts the amount of data sent in a timely manner, while ensuring the quality of service and minimizing the delay as much as possible. Common source control algorithms such as GNU compiler collection (GCC) regulation algorithm, bottleneck bandwidth and round-trip propagation time (RTT) adjust the amount of data sent by the sending end by perceiving network state parameters such as packet loss or round-trip time.

[0104] At present, the more common source control algorithm is the GCC regulation algorithm. GCC is a transmission control method implemented through delay and packet loss information. The output of the GCC module is the bit rate. The GCC algorithm mainly includes two parts: delay-based rate control and packet loss-based rate control. The delay-based rate control and the packet loss-based rate control respectively calculate the predicted code rate, and finally select the lower code rate as the set code rate to perform encoding transmission.

[0105] Among them, as shown in FIG. 5, the delay-based rate control is calculated by the time of packet arrival. The delay difference (delta delay) is calculated, and then according to the growth trend of the delay difference, it is judged whether the network is overloaded, so as to decide how to adjust the code rate.

[0106] Wherein, the packet loss-based code rate control refers to reducing the sending code rate when the packet loss is relatively serious, and increasing the code rate when the packet loss is normal. The code rate of the i-th data packet satisfies:

[0107] Wherein, p represents the packet loss rate, i represents the data packet index, represents the code rate of the previous data packet (the i-1-th data packet).

[0108] The above regulation algorithm is an application layer regulation mechanism, and a schematic diagram of network channel change is shown in FIG. 6. It can be seen that the regulation mechanism cannot match the network channel change in time, and belongs to “adjustment after detection”.

[0109] When the channel is in fading, the application layer source control cannot be sensed in time, and the speed reduction is not in time, causing video frame transmission loss / frame skipping (such as freezing and screen flashing).

[0110] When the channel condition is good, the network delay detected by the source is large, causing the recovery of the rate to be not in time, and further causing the loss of spectral efficiency and insufficient bandwidth utilization.

[0111] Therefore, the application provides a transmission control scheme. The access network device requests a first transmission parameter from a first core network element in real time, and obtains transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and an AI model of the access network device, so that the time information of the terminal submitting first data to the application layer can be accurately indicated, the core network collects the transmission parameter, and the access network device can obtain accurate source information from the core network, thereby improving the reliability of transmission.

[0112] The communication method and device will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It can be understood that the user plane device, the access network device and the terminal are taken as an example to illustrate the execution subject of the interaction in the application, but the application does not limit the execution subject of the interaction. For example, the method executed by the user plane device in the application can also be implemented by a module (such as a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc.) in the user plane device, or a logical node, a logical module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the user plane device; the method executed by the access network device in the application can also be implemented by a module (such as a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc.) in the access network device, or a logical node, a logical module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the access network device; the method executed by the terminal in the application can also be implemented by a communication / processing module or a circuit or chip (such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip), or a SoC chip containing a modem core, or a SIP chip, or a GPU) responsible for communication / processing functions in the terminal.

[0113] As shown in FIG. 7, a flowchart of a transmission control method provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown. The method may, for example, include the following steps:

[0114] S701. The access network device sends first information to a first core network element.

[0115] Correspondingly, the first core network element receives the first information.

[0116] The first information is used to request the first transmission parameter from the first core network element.

[0117] In this embodiment, the server will send first data to the terminal, and the access network device can perform transmission control on the first data sent to the terminal based on the transmission control information output by the AI model. For example, the access network device needs to determine the time information at which the first terminal submits the first data to the application layer of the first terminal.

[0118] In this embodiment, the access network device can obtain the transmission control information based on the AI model that has been trained and the first transmission parameter obtained from the core network in real time. For example, the access network device infers the transmission control information based on the AI model and the first transmission parameter.

[0119] The input of the AI model can be the first transmission parameter transmitted by the core network. Therefore, the access network device needs to obtain the first transmission parameter of the core network. Therefore, the access network device sends first information to the first core network element, and the first information is used to request the first transmission parameter from the first core network element. For example, the first core network element can be a user plane element (user plane function, UPF).

[0120] The first transmission parameter comprises one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data volume carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, interarrival jitter, and a delay. The transmission rate can also be referred to as a service rate. At least one of the following parameters is from a real-time transport control protocol (RTCP) packet header: a total number of real-time transmission protocol (RTP) data packets sent by the sending end, a total number of bytes of the RTP data packets sent by the sending end, a packet loss rate between adjacent two receiving end packets, interarrival jitter, a timestamp of a previous sending end packet, and a delay since the previous sending end packet. For example, the sending timestamp of the packet can be an RTP packet sending timestamp (RTP timestamp); the number of data packets can be a total number of RTP data packets sent by the sending end (sender’s packet count); the data volume carried by the data packets can be a total number of bytes of the RTP data packets sent by the sending end (sender’s packet octet count); the packet loss rate can be a packet loss rate between adjacent two receiving end packets (fraction lost); the sending timestamp of the packet can also be a timestamp of a previous sending end packet (sender report, SR) (last SR, LSR); and the delay can be a delay since the previous sending end packet (delay since last SR, DLSR).

[0121] S702. The first core network element sends second information to the access network device.

[0122] Correspondingly, the access network device receives the second information.

[0123] The second information is used to indicate the first transmission parameter.

[0124] The first core network element can obtain the first transmission parameter according to information fed back by a real-time transmission protocol (RTP).

[0125] After receiving the first information, the first core network element sends second information to the access network device according to the first transmission parameter that the first core network element has obtained according to the information fed back by the RTP.

[0126] S703. The access network device sends third information to the terminal.

[0127] Correspondingly, the terminal receives the third information.

[0128] After the access network device obtains the first transmission parameter, the access network device can further obtain a predicted channel rate according to a channel map. Then, the access network device can obtain current transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter, the channel rate and the AI model. For example, the access network device can input the real-time obtained first transmission parameter and the channel rate into the AI model that has been trained to obtain the transmission control information. The transmission control information is used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to the application layer. Further, the transmission control information is also used to indicate a transmission rate of the first data.

[0129] Then, the access network device sends third information to the terminal. The third information is used to indicate the transmission control information of the first data.

[0130] For example, the third information can be carried on at least one of the following signaling: downlink control information (DCI) (scheduling DCI / non-scheduling DCI), media access control-control element (MAC CE), and radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

[0131] S704. The terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0132] After the terminal receives the transmission control information sent by the access network device, the terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information. That is, the terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the time information of submitting the first data to the application layer indicated by the transmission control information.

[0133] For example, assuming that the performance of the network decreases, the core network informs the access network device of the first transmission parameter, and the access network device informs the terminal to delay submitting the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information obtained based on the first transmission parameter. The application layer of the terminal perceives the delayed submission and feeds back to the access network and the core network, so that the core network reduces the rate to achieve a virtuous cycle.

[0134] According to the transmission control method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the access network device requests the first transmission parameter from the first core network element in real time, and obtains the transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and the AI model of the access network device, so as to accurately indicate the time information of submitting the first data to the application layer by the terminal. The core network collects the transmission parameter, and the access network device can obtain accurate source information from the core network, thereby improving the reliability of transmission.

[0135] The above embodiments describe that the access network device requests the first transmission parameter from the first core network element in real time, and obtains the transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and the AI model of the access network device. The following embodiments will describe that the access network device can request the collection of the first transmission parameter from the second core network element before requesting the first transmission parameter, so that the second core network element informs the first core network element to request the collection of the first transmission parameter, and the access network device can also obtain the second transmission parameter to train the AI model.

[0136] As shown in FIG. 8, it is a flowchart of another transmission control method provided by the embodiments of the present application. The method can include the following steps:

[0137] S800. The terminal, the access network device, the AMF / SMF and the UPF complete a session setup procedure.

[0138] S801. The access network device sends eighth information to the second core network element (for example, the AMF / SMF).

[0139] Correspondingly, the second core network element receives the eighth information.

[0140] The eighth information is used to request the collection of the second transmission parameter.

[0141] In the embodiments, the access network device can perform transmission control on the data sent to the terminal based on the transmission control information output by the AI model. The transmission control information can be, for example, a policy for real-time adjustment of the bit rate of the signal source. The input of the AI model can be the transmission parameter transmitted by the core network. The transmission control information obtained based on the AI model can timely and accurately feedback the channel state of the network.

[0142] In one example, the AI model can be a transmission control model without memory as shown in FIG. 9A. One or more of the network channel state, the loss of packet, the delay, the delay interval and the throughput at the current time can be input to the AI model, and the AI model can output the transmission control information after inference.

[0143] In another example, the AI model can be a transmission control model with memory as shown in FIG. 9B. The RTT loss of packet at the current time and at a plurality of historical times before the current time (for example, the RTT loss of packet at the t5 time and the t1-t4 times before the t5 time in FIG. 9B) can be input to the model, and the model outputs the code rate decision.

[0144] Therefore, in order for the access network device to obtain the transmission control information, the access network device needs to first obtain the transmission parameter training AI model of the core network element.

[0145] Exemplarily, the access network device can send eighth information to the AMF / SMF through the N2 interface. The eighth information can be carried in a protocol data unit session resource modification indication (PDU session resource modify indication). Exemplarily, a new information element can be added in the protocol data unit session resource modification indication for requesting collection of the second transmission parameter.

[0146] In one example, the content of the protocol data unit session resource modification indication includes one or more of the following information elements (IEs) / group names: message type, AMF UE NGAP ID (a unique ID assigned to the UE by the AMF), RAN UE NGAP ID (a base station unique ID assigned to the UE by the base station gNB), protocol data unit session resource modification indication list, protocol data unit session resource modification indication item, protocol data unit session identifier, protocol data unit session resource modification indication transfer, and user location information. The specific content, value range, etc. of the above information elements are shown in Table 1 below:

[0147] Table 1

[0148] Exemplarily, a new information element can be added in the “protocol data unit session resource modification indication transfer”, such as traffic parameter collecting, for informing the core network to collect the transmission parameters for the session / service quality flow. The “protocol data unit session resource modification indication transfer” can carry the session identifier / service quality flow identifier. One session can include one or more service quality flows.

[0149] S802. The second core network element sends ninth information to the access network device.

[0150] Correspondingly, the access network device receives the ninth information.

[0151] The ninth information is used to indicate the confirmation of the eighth information.

[0152] After receiving the eighth information, the AMF / SMF sends the ninth information to the access network device through an N2 interface. Exemplarily, the ninth information can be carried in a protocol data unit (PDU) session resource modification confirm. A new information element can be added in the PDU session resource modification confirm to indicate the confirmation of the eighth information.

[0153] The content of the PDU session resource modification confirm is similar to that of the PDU session resource modification indication. A new information element can be added in the PDU session resource modification confirm to inform the access network device that the service parameter collection notification has been received.

[0154] S803. The second core network element sends tenth information to the first core network element (such as a UPF).

[0155] Correspondingly, the first core network element receives the tenth information.

[0156] The tenth information is used to request the collection of the second transmission parameter.

[0157] Exemplarily, after receiving the eighth information, the AMF / SMF can send the tenth information to the UPF through an N4 interface. The tenth information can be carried in a session modification request message. The session modification request message informs the core network of the transmission parameter collected for a tunnel. The session modification request message can carry a tunnel identifier. Exemplarily, a new information element can be added in the session modification request message to request the collection of the second transmission parameter.

[0158] S804. The first core network element sends eleventh information to the second core network element.

[0159] Correspondingly, the second core network element receives the eleventh information.

[0160] The eleventh information is used to indicate the confirmation of the tenth information.

[0161] Exemplarily, after receiving the tenth information, the UPF sends eleventh information to the AMF / SMF through an N4 interface. The eleventh information can be carried in a session modification response message. Exemplarily, a new information element can be added in the session modification response message to indicate the confirmation of the tenth information.

[0162] It can be seen that through the above steps S801-S804, the access network device establishes a link with the core network, and the core network learns that the access network device requests transmission parameters therefrom. Exemplarily, the request for the transmission parameters can be in seconds, which can be agreed by a protocol or pre-configured.

[0163] After the access network device establishes a link with the first core network element, the first core network element can obtain the transmission parameters according to the information fed back by the real-time transmission protocol (RTP).

[0164] S805. The access network device sends sixth information to the first core network element.

[0165] Correspondingly, the first core network element receives the sixth information.

[0166] The sixth information is used to request a second transmission parameter from the first core network element.

[0167] Exemplarily, the access network device can send the sixth information to the first core network element through an N3 interface. Exemplarily, the sixth information can be a new GPRS tunneling protocol-user plane (GTP-U) request message, such as a traffic model training request. Exemplarily, a new information element can be added in the traffic model training request to request the second transmission parameter from the first core network element.

[0168] The meaning and content of the second transmission parameter can refer to the description of the transmission parameter above.

[0169] S806. The first core network element sends seventh information to the access network device.

[0170] Correspondingly, the access network device receives the seventh information.

[0171] The seventh information is used to indicate the second transmission parameter.

[0172] Since the first core network element has obtained the transmission parameter according to the information fed back by the RTP, after receiving the sixth information, the first core network element can send the seventh information to the access network device through the N3 interface. Exemplarily, the seventh information can be carried on a traffic model training response. Exemplarily, a new information element can be added in the traffic model training response to indicate the second transmission parameter.

[0173] S807. The access network device trains the AI model based on the second transmission parameter.

[0174] After the access network device receives the second transmission parameter, the access network device can train the AI model based on the second transmission parameter.

[0175] The access network device training the AI model can have the following two implementation manners:

[0176] One implementation manner is that the access network device can train the AI model online according to the obtained second transmission parameter at the current moment and / or at the historical moment, that is, the AI model can be trained while the transmission control information output by the AI model is used for transmission control. In this way, the access network device does not need to pre-store a pre-trained model, and the implementation is simple.

[0177] Another implementation manner is that the access network device can pre-embed a pre-trained model, and fine-tune the model according to the second transmission parameter at the current moment and / or at the historical moment, that is, slightly adjust some parameters of the pre-trained model. In this way, the training efficiency is high, and the occupied resources are few.

[0178] After the access network device trains the AI model, the access network device can perform inference based on the AI model. Before performing the inference, the access network device needs to obtain the transmission parameter of the core network in real time, that is, the first transmission parameter.

[0179] Before obtaining the first transmission parameter, similarly, the access network device needs to first notify the core network that it needs to obtain the first transmission parameter. Therefore, the following steps S808-S811 are performed:

[0180] S808. The access network device sends fourth information to the second core network element.

[0181] Correspondingly, the second core network element receives the fourth information.

[0182] The fourth information is used to request collection of the first transmission parameter.

[0183] The specific implementation of this step can refer to the related description of S801, which will not be described here. The difference is that the access network device requests collection of the first transmission parameter.

[0184] S809. The second core network element sends fifth information to the access network device.

[0185] Correspondingly, the access network device receives the fifth information.

[0186] The fifth information is used to indicate the confirmation of the fourth information.

[0187] The specific implementation of this step can refer to the related description of S802, which will not be repeated here.

[0188] S810. The second core network element sends twelfth information to the first core network element.

[0189] Correspondingly, the first core network element receives the twelfth information.

[0190] The twelfth information is used to request the collection of the first transmission parameter.

[0191] The specific implementation of this step can refer to the related description of S803, which will not be repeated here. The difference is that the access network device requests the collection of the first transmission parameter.

[0192] S811. The first core network element sends thirteenth information to the second core network element.

[0193] Correspondingly, the second core network element receives the thirteenth information.

[0194] The thirteenth information is used to indicate the confirmation of the twelfth information.

[0195] The specific implementation of this step can refer to the related description of S804, which will not be repeated here.

[0196] The server will have first data to send to the terminal. The access network device needs to determine the time information of the first terminal submitting the first data to the application layer of the first terminal. Therefore, the access network device needs to obtain the transmission control information based on the trained AI model and the first transmission parameter obtained from the core network in real time.

[0197] First, the access network device needs to obtain the first transmission parameter from the core network in real time:

[0198] S812. The access network device sends first information to the first core network element.

[0199] Correspondingly, the first core network element receives the first information.

[0200] The first information is used to request the first transmission parameter from the first core network element.

[0201] Exemplarily, the access network device can send first information to the first core network element through an N3 interface. Exemplarily, the first information can be a new GTP-U request message, such as a service model training request. The sending of the first information can be periodic, for example, the access network device sends the first information based on a first period, the first period is N times of a second period corresponding to the first data, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0202] The meaning and content of the first transmission parameter can refer to the description of the transmission parameter above.

[0203] S813. The first core network element sends second information to the access network device.

[0204] Correspondingly, the access network device receives the second information.

[0205] The second information is used to indicate the first transmission parameter.

[0206] Since the first core network element has obtained the transmission parameter according to the information fed back by the RTP, after receiving the first information, the first core network element can send second information to the access network device through the N3 interface. Exemplarily, the second information can carry the service model training response.

[0207] Corresponding to the type of the AI model in the access network device, the obtained first transmission parameter is also different:

[0208] In one implementation mode, the AI model described above is a non-memory transmission control model, and the first transmission parameter includes the transmission parameter at the current time.

[0209] In another implementation mode, the AI model described above is a memory transmission control model, and the first transmission parameter can include the transmission parameter at the current time and the transmission parameter at a plurality of historical time points before the current time.

[0210] S814. The access network device sends third information to the terminal.

[0211] Correspondingly, the terminal receives the third information.

[0212] After the access network device obtains the first transmission parameter, the access network device can further obtain at least one channel parameter from the channel map, such as a predicted channel rate, a channel bandwidth, information state information, a reference signal receiving power (RSRP), and a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Then, the access network device can obtain current transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter, the channel rate, and the AI model. For example, the access network device can input the first transmission parameter obtained in real time (or a transmission parameter obtained by processing the obtained first transmission parameter) and the channel parameter into the AI model that has been trained, to obtain the transmission control information. The transmission control information is used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to the application layer. Further, the transmission control information is also used to indicate a transmission rate of the first data.

[0213] Then, the access network device sends third information to the terminal. The third information is used to indicate the transmission control information of the first data.

[0214] For example, the third information can be carried on at least one of the following signaling: DCI (scheduling DCI / non-scheduling DCI), MAC CE, and RRC signaling.

[0215] S815. The terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0216] After the terminal receives the transmission control information sent by the access network device, the terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information. That is, the terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the time information of submitting the first data to the application layer indicated by the transmission control information.

[0217] For example, assuming that the performance of the network decreases, the core network informs the access network device of the first transmission parameter, and the access network device obtains the transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter, and informs the terminal to delay submitting the first data to the application layer, the application layer of the terminal perceives the delay submission, and feeds back to the access network and the core network, so that the core network reduces the rate, to realize a virtuous cycle.

[0218] According to the transmission control method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the access network device can accurately indicate time information of submitting the first data to the application layer of the terminal by requesting the first transmission parameter from the first core network element in real time and obtaining the transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and the AI model of the access network device, the core network collects the transmission parameter, the access network device can obtain accurate information from the core network, and the reliability of transmission is improved; and the access network device can obtain the transmission parameter by requesting the transmission parameter from the core network element, and the transmission parameter can be used for training and reasoning of the AI model.

[0219] In this application, "sending information" can be understood as that a device sends information to another device, or can also be understood as that a logical module in a device sends information to another logical module. For example, "the access network device sends information" can be understood as that the access network device sends information to another device (such as a terminal), or can be understood as that a logical module 1 in the access network device sends information to a logical module 2 in the access network device.

[0220] In this application, "receiving information" can be understood as that a device receives information from another device, or can also be understood as that a logical module in a device receives information from another logical module. For example, "the access network device receives information" can be understood as that the access network device receives information from another device (such as a terminal), or can be understood as that a logical module 1 in the access network device receives information from a logical module 2 in the access network device.

[0221] In this application, "sending information to (for example, a terminal)" or related illustrations in the drawings can be understood as that the destination of the information is the terminal. It can include directly or indirectly sending information to the terminal. "Receiving information from (for example, a terminal)" or "receiving information sent by (for example, a terminal)" or "receiving information from (for example, a terminal)", or related illustrations in the drawings can be understood as that the source of the information is the terminal, and can include directly or indirectly receiving information from the terminal. The information can be processed as necessary between the source and the destination of the information, for example, format change, etc., but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in this application can be similarly understood, and will not be repeated here.

[0222] FIG. 10 shows a possible exemplary block diagram of a communication apparatus involved in the embodiments of the application. As shown in FIG. 10, the communication apparatus 1000 can include modules or units for implementing the above-mentioned method embodiments. In a possible design, the communication apparatus 1000 includes a processing unit 1002 and a communication unit 1003. Optionally, the communication apparatus 1000 can further include a storage unit 1001 for storing apparatus program code and / or data.

[0223] The communication apparatus 1000 can be a network side device in the above-mentioned embodiments, for example, an access network device or a communication module in the access network device, or a circuit or chip responsible for communication function in the access network device.

[0224] For example, in an embodiment, the communication unit 1003 is configured to send first information, the first information being used to request a first transmission parameter from a first core network element; the communication unit 1003 is further configured to receive second information from the first core network element, the second information being used to indicate the first transmission parameter; and the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send third information to a terminal device, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information of first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on the first transmission parameter and an AI model, the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to an application layer.

[0225] In a possible design, the first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: a delay, a packet loss rate, a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a real-time transport protocol (RTP) packet, a total number of RTP data packets, a total number of bytes of RTP data packets, a packet loss rate between two adjacent RR packets, jitter between two input time intervals, a timestamp of a previous SR packet, and a delay since the previous SR packet.

[0226] In another possible design, the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send fourth information to a second core network element, the fourth information being used to request collection of the first transmission parameter; and the communication unit 1003 is further configured to receive fifth information from the second core network element, the fifth information being used to indicate an acknowledgement of the fourth information.

[0227] In yet another possible design, the processing unit 1002 is configured to obtain a second transmission parameter; and the processing unit 1002 is further configured to train the AI model based on the second transmission parameter.

[0228] In yet another possible design, the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send sixth information, the sixth information being used to request the second transmission parameter from the first core network element; and the communication unit 1003 is further configured to receive seventh information from the first core network element, the seventh information being used to indicate the second transmission parameter.

[0229] In yet another possible design, the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send eighth information to a second core network element, the eighth information being used to request collection of the second transmission parameter; and the communication unit 1003 is further configured to receive ninth information from the second core network element, the ninth information being used to indicate an acknowledgement of the eighth information.

[0230] In yet another possible design, the second transmission parameter includes the following parameters: a delay, a packet loss rate, a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a real-time transport protocol (RTP) packet, a total number of RTP packets, a total number of bytes of RTP packets, a packet loss rate between two adjacent RR packets, a jitter between two input time intervals, a timestamp of a previous SR packet, and a delay since the previous SR packet.

[0231] In yet another possible design, the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send the first information based on a first period, where the first period is N times of a second period corresponding to the first data, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0232] In yet another possible design, the transmission control information is further used to indicate a transmission rate of the first data.

[0233] The communication apparatus 1000 can be a terminal-side device in the above-described embodiments, e.g., a terminal or a communication module in a terminal, or a circuit or chip responsible for communication functions in a terminal.

[0234] For example, in an embodiment, the communication unit 1003 is configured to receive third information, where the third information is used to indicate transmission control information of the first data, the transmission control information is obtained based on the first transmission parameter and an AI model, and the transmission control information is used to indicate time information for submitting the first data to an application layer; and the processing unit 1002 is configured to submit the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0235] In a possible design, when the communication apparatus 1000 is a terminal or a communication module in a terminal, the function of the processing unit 1002 can be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor can include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem core. The function of the communication unit 1003 can be implemented by a transceiver circuit.

[0236] In a possible design, when the communication apparatus 1000 is a circuit or chip responsible for communication functions in a terminal, e.g., a modem chip or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem core, the function of the processing unit 1002 can be implemented by a circuit system including one or more processors or processor cores in the chip. The function of the communication unit 1003 can be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.

[0237] In a possible design, when the communication apparatus 1000 is a terminal or a processing module in a terminal, the function of the processing unit 1002 can be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor can include a GPU, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip including a GPU. The function of the communication unit 1003 can be implemented by a transceiver circuit.

[0238] In a possible design, when the communication apparatus 1000 is a circuit or chip responsible for processing functions in a terminal, such as a GPU or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip including a GPU, the function of the processing unit 1002 can be implemented by circuitry including one or more processors or processor cores in the chip. The function of the communication unit 1003 can be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.

[0239] The communication apparatus 1000 can be a network-side device in the above-described embodiments, for example, a user plane network element or a communication module in a user plane network element, or a circuit or chip responsible for communication functions in a user plane network element.

[0240] The communication unit 1003 is configured to receive first information, where the first information is used to request a first transmission parameter; and the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send second information, where the second information is used to indicate the first transmission parameter, and the first transmission parameter is used for determination of transmission control information, the transmission control information is further associated with an AI model, and the transmission control information is used to indicate time information of submitting first data to an application layer.

[0241] In a possible design, the first transmission parameter includes the following parameters: a time delay, a packet loss rate, a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a real-time transport protocol (RTP) packet, a total number of RTP data packets, a total number of bytes of RTP data packets, a packet loss rate between adjacent RR packets, a jitter between two input time intervals, a timestamp of a previous SR packet, and a time delay since the previous SR packet.

[0242] In another possible design, the communication unit 1003 is further configured to receive sixth information, where the sixth information is used to request the second transmission parameter; and the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send seventh information, where the seventh information is used to indicate the second transmission parameter; and the second transmission parameter is used to train the AI model.

[0243] In yet another possible design, the second transmission parameter includes the following parameters: a time delay, a packet loss rate, a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a real-time transport protocol (RTP) packet, a total number of RTP data packets, a total number of bytes of RTP data packets, a packet loss rate between adjacent RR packets, a jitter between two input time intervals, a timestamp of a previous SR packet, and a time delay since the previous SR packet.

[0244] It can be understood that the division of units in the above apparatus is only a logical division of functions, one function can correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions can be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or part of the units can be integrated into one physical entity, or distributed in different physical entities. In addition, the above functional units can be implemented in the form of hardware, or in the form of software, or in the form of hardware combined with software. Whether a certain function is implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present application.

[0245] In one example, the functional units in any of the above apparatuses can be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, such as one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more microcontroller units (MCUs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.

[0246] In one example, the storage unit 1001 can include random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or registers, etc.

[0247] Referring to FIG. 11, a structural schematic diagram of a terminal 1100 provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown, which can correspond to the terminal shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8, and is used to implement the operation of the terminal in the above embodiments. As shown in FIG. 11, the terminal includes one or more antennas 1110, a radio frequency processing system 1120, and a processor system 1130.

[0248] In the downlink or sidelink direction, the radio frequency processing system 1120 receives radio frequency signals through the antenna 1110, and sends the signals after radio frequency processing to the processor system 1130 for further processing. In the uplink or sidelink direction, the processor system 1130 performs signal processing on the information at the terminal side, and sends it to the radio frequency processing system 1120, which performs radio frequency processing on the signal and transmits it through the antenna 1110.

[0249] In one example, the radio frequency processing system 1120, which serves as a communication interface for the terminal to communicate with the outside, can include a radio frequency front end 1121 (RFFE) and a radio frequency transceiver 1122. The RFFE 1121 is mainly used for one or more of shaping, passband selection, or gain processing of RF signals received by an antenna or RF signals to be transmitted through an antenna, and can include one or more of radio frequency switches, duplexers, filters, power amplifiers, antenna tuning, and low-noise amplifiers. The RFFE 1121 can be circuitry composed of a plurality of discrete devices, or can be integrated and packaged in one or more chips. The radio frequency transceiver 1122 is used to process RF signals received by the RFFE into baseband / intermediate frequency signals for further processing by the processor system 1130, and to process baseband / intermediate frequency signals provided by the processor system 1130 into RF signals for transmission to the RFFE 1121. The baseband / intermediate frequency signals transmitted between the radio frequency transceiver 1122 and the processor system 1130 can be digital signals or analog signals. The radio frequency transceiver 1122 can be implemented by one or more chips, which are commonly referred to as radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs).

[0250] In one example, the processor system 1130 can include one or more processors for processing signals and executing one or more communication protocols. Optionally, the processor system 1130 can further include a memory 1136. In one example, the one or more processors include at least one baseband processor 1131 (also referred to as a modem processor). The memory 1136 is used to store data and / or computer program instructions. Optionally, the processor system 1130 can further include one or more application processors 1132 for implementing processing of the terminal operating system and the application layer. The application processor 1132 can include a GPU, for example. Optionally, the processor system 1130 can further include one or more of a voice subsystem 1133, a multimedia subsystem 1134, or an interface circuit 1135. The voice subsystem 1133 is used to process voice signals, the multimedia subsystem 1134 is used to process multimedia-related operations such as video encoding and decoding, image processing, etc., and the interface circuit 1135 is used to implement communication with other terminal components such as a display 1140, an input device 1150, a memory 1160, etc. The above-mentioned components in the processor system 1130 can communicate with each other through a bus or a communication interface circuit.

[0251] In one example, the processor system 1130 can be packaged as one processor chip, such as a SoC chip or a SIP chip. In one example, the processor system 1130 can be a system of multiple chips, for example, where the baseband processor 1131 can be packaged separately as one chip, or packaged with some or all of the circuitry of the radio frequency processing system as one chip.

[0252] In one example, the memory 1136 can be on-chip memory, i.e., located on the processor system 1130 chip. In one example, the memory 1160 can be off-chip memory, i.e., located off the processor system 1130 chip.

[0253] In one example, the baseband processor 1131 can include one or more processor cores 11311 and interface circuit 11314. The one or more processor cores 11311 are configured to process signals and perform one or more communication protocols. Optionally, the baseband processor 1131 can also include a memory 11312 configured to store at least part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In one example, the one or more processor cores 11311 implement the above-mentioned operations in the method embodiments by executing the computer program instructions stored in the memory 11312 (e.g., controlling the one or more antennas 1110 to receive third information, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information of first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on first transmission parameters and an AI model, the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to an application layer; and submitting the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information). In the present disclosure, the memory 11312 configured to store corresponding computer program instructions and / or data can mean that the memory 11312 is configured to store all corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the processor core 11311; or the memory 11312 is configured to store part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data, which includes computer program instructions and / or data currently required for execution by the processor core 11311, and the memory 11312 can store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the processor core 11311 multiple times to implement the above-mentioned operations in the method embodiments. The interface circuit 11314 is configured as a communication interface to communicate with other components, such as transmitting signals with the radio frequency processing system 1120, communicating with other subsystems and related components of the processor system 1130 through a bus, such as transmitting data control signals with the application processor 1132, and transmitting data or computer program instructions with the memory 1136 or the memory 1160. Optionally, in order to reduce the load of the processor core, a baseband signal processing circuit 11313 can be provided to perform at least part of the processing of the baseband signal, including one or more of demodulation, modulation, encoding or decoding of the signal.

[0254] In one example, the communication apparatus provided in the present application can be the terminal 1100, the communication module including the processor system 1130 and the radio frequency processing system 1120, the processor system 1130, or the baseband processor 1131.

[0255] The processor, processor system, application processor, baseband processor, processor circuit, or processor core can be collectively referred to as a processor, which can include one or a combination of a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microprocessor unit (MPU), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an artificial intelligence processor (AI processor), or a neural processing unit (NPU).

[0256] The above-mentioned memory can include one or more of the following storage media: random access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), phase-change memory (PCM), resistive RAM (ReRAM), magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), cache, register, read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), hard disk, etc. In an example, computer program instructions for implementing the above-embodiments can be stored on a non-volatile memory, such as at least part of the above-mentioned memory 1160 (e.g., one or more of ROM, flash memory, EPROM, or hard disk). During terminal operation, the corresponding computer program instructions can be loaded in whole or in part into a memory with faster transmission speed to the processor, such as at least part of the above-mentioned memory 1136 and / or memory 11312 (e.g., one or more of RAM, SRAM, DRAM, PCM, RERAM, MRAM, FRAM, cache, or register), for execution by the processor to implement the steps in the above-embodied methods.

[0257] In an example, the radio frequency transceiver 1122 and the radio frequency front end 1121 can also be packaged in one chip. In an example, the radio frequency transceiver 1122, the radio frequency front end 1121, and the baseband processor 1131 can also be packaged in one chip.

[0258] The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application can be used interchangeably. "At least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. The "and / or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after it. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions means any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC, and "at least one of A, B, and C" can also be understood to include A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC. In addition, unless otherwise specified, the ordinal numbers "first", "second", etc. mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are used to distinguish a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit the order, time sequence, priority or importance of the plurality of objects.

[0259] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0260] The present application is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams according to the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus produce the functions specified in one or more flows in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.

[0261] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce a product including instruction means, which implements the functions specified in one or more flows in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.

[0262] These computer program instructions can also be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing devices, so that a series of operational steps are performed on the computer or other programmable devices to generate computer-implemented processes, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable devices provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flows in the flowchart and / or one or more blocks in the block diagram.

[0263] Obviously, various modifications and changes can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present application. Thus, it is intended that the present application embrace all such modifications and changes and, accordingly, the application is not to be limited by the above-described one or more embodiments.

Claims

1. A transmission control method, characterized in that, The method includes: Send a first message, the first message being used to request a first transmission parameter from a first core network element; Receive second information from the first core network element, the second information being used to indicate the first transmission parameters; A third message is sent to the terminal. The third message is used to indicate the transmission control information of the first data. The transmission control information is obtained based on the first transmission parameters and the artificial intelligence (AI) model. The transmission control information is used to indicate the time information for submitting the first data to the application layer.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, message sending timestamp, number of data packets, data volume carried by data packets, packet loss rate, arrival interval jitter, and latency.

3. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a fourth message to the second core network element, the fourth message being used to request the collection of the first transmission parameters; The system receives a fifth piece of information from the second core network element, the fifth piece of information being used to indicate confirmation of the fourth piece of information.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the second transmission parameter; The AI ​​model is trained based on the second transmission parameter.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a sixth message, which is used to request the second transmission parameters from the first core network element; The step of obtaining the second transmission parameter includes: The system receives seventh information from the first core network element, the seventh information being used to indicate the second transmission parameters.

6. The method as described in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send the eighth message to the second core network element, the eighth message being used to request the collection of the second transmission parameters; The system receives a ninth message from the second core network element, the ninth message being used to indicate confirmation of the eighth message.

7. The method according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, The second transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, message sending timestamp, number of data packets, data volume carried by data packets, packet loss rate, arrival interval jitter, and latency.

8. A transmission control method, characterized in that, The method includes: Receive third information, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information for the first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on the first transmission parameters and an artificial intelligence (AI) model, the transmission control information being used to indicate the time information for submitting the first data to the application layer; Based on the transmission control information, the first data is submitted to the application layer.

9. A transmission control method, characterized in that, The method includes: Receive first information, which is used to request first transmission parameters; Send a second message, which is used to indicate the first transmission parameters. The first transmission parameters are used to determine the transmission control information. The transmission control information is also associated with an artificial intelligence (AI) model. The transmission control information is used to indicate the time information for submitting the first data to the application layer.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, message sending timestamp, number of data packets, data volume carried by data packets, packet loss rate, arrival interval jitter, and latency.

11. The method as described in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive the sixth information, which is used to request the second transmission parameters; Send a seventh message, which is used to indicate the second transmission parameters; The second transmission parameter is used to train the AI ​​model.

12. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The second transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, message sending timestamp, number of data packets, data volume carried by data packets, packet loss rate, arrival interval jitter, and latency.

13. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules or units for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

14. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules or units for implementing the method as described in claim 8.

15. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules or units for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 9-12.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed, cause the method of any one of claims 1-7 to be performed, or the method of claim 8 to be performed, or the method of any one of claims 9-12 to be performed.

17. A computer program product, characterized in that, The system stores instructions that, when executed, cause the method as described in any one of claims 1-7 to be performed, or the method as described in claim 8 to be performed, or the method as described in any one of claims 9-12 to be performed.

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