Rip1 modulators, preparations, and uses thereof
Compounds targeting RIP1, such as those in Formulae 1-10 and Compounds 1 to 49, provide a solution for treating autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases by modulating RIP1 activity, enhancing treatment efficacy through pharmaceutical compositions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/102642
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-24
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for diseases mediated by RIP1, such as neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders, are inadequate, and there is a need for more effective compounds that can modulate RIP1 to address these conditions.
Development of compounds, including Formulae 1-10 and Compounds 1 to 49, which can modulate RIP1 activity, formulated as pharmaceutical compositions with potential additional active pharmaceutical agents, to treat conditions like inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
These compounds effectively inhibit RIP1, providing therapeutic benefits for a range of diseases, including autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders, by modulating RIP1 activity and offering potential synergistic effects with additional therapeutic agents.
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Figure CN2025102642_02012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RIP1 MODULATORS, PREPARATIONS, AND USES THEREOF
[0001] Cross-Reference to Related Application
[0002] This application claims the priority to and benefits of International Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 100939, filed on June 24, 2024, the content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0003] Field of the Disclosure
[0004] The present disclosure relates to compounds that modulate the receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) , compositions comprising the compounds, methods of preparing the compounds, and methods of using the compounds to treat various diseases or conditions, e.g., those mediated by RIP1.
[0005] Background of the Disclosure
[0006] Necroptosis, an important form of programmed cell death (PCD) , is a highly regulated caspase-independent type of cell death that plays a critical role in many necrotic cell diseases, manifested in various pathological forms of cell death, including ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections, and peripheral autoimmune diseases. (Dunai, et al., Dec 2011, Pathol. Oncol. Res.: POR 17 (4) : 791–800. J. Med. Chem. 2020, 63, 4, 1490–1510. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 19, 553–571 (2020) ) . Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) -induced NF-κB activation plays a central role in the immune system and inflammatory responses.
[0007] Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is a multi-functional signal transducer involved in mediating nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, apoptosis, and necroptosis. The kinase activity of RIP1 is critically involved in mediating necroptosis, a caspase-independent pathway of necrotic cell death. (Holler et al. Nat Immunol 2000; 1: 489–495; Degterev et al. Nat Chem Biol 2008; 4: 313–321) . RIP1 can contribute to PD-1 immunotherapy resistance (e.g., Manguso et al., 2017 Nature 547, 413–418) and can act as a checkpoint kinase governing tumor immunity (e.g., Wang et al, Cancer Cell 34, 757–774, Nov 12, 2018) . RIP1 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide range of human neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis (Pharmacol. Res. Perspect. 2017, 5, e00365, PNAS May 14, 2019116 (20) 9714–9722) , as well as for the treatment of CNS indications such as ALS and Alzheimer’s disease. (Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2019, 20, 19–33) .
[0008] Certain compounds for modulating necrosis or necroptosis are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 9,974,762, U.S. Patent No. 10,092,529, U.S. Patent No. 6,756,394, U.S. Patent No. 8,278,344, U.S. Patent Publication No. 20120122889, U.S. Patent Publication No. 20090099242, U.S. Patent Publication No. 20100317701, U.S. Patent Publication No. 20110144169, U.S. Patent Publication No. 20030083386, U.S. Patent Publication No. 201200309795, WO2009023272, WO2010075290, WO2010075561, WO2012125544, WO 2020 / 103884, WO-2021233397, WO-2021233396, WO-2021233394, WO-2020103884, WO-2020103859, WO2019072942A1, WO2019086494A1, WO2023225041, and WO2022231927.
[0009] Summary of the Disclosure
[0010] One aspect of this disclosure provides a compound selected from compounds of the Formulae disclosed herein (e.g., Formulae 1-10, and Compounds 1 to 49 in Table 1) , atautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, which can be employed in the treatment of various diseases or conditions, such as diseases or conditions mediated by RIP1. For example, disclosed herein is a compound of the following structural Formula 1:
[0011] a tautomer thereof, a solvate (e.g., a hydrate) or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing.
[0012] In one aspect of the disclosure, the compounds of the Formulae disclosed herein are selected from Compounds 1 to 49 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing.
[0013] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions may comprise a compound selected from Compounds 1 to 49 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. These compositions may further comprise an additional active pharmaceutical agent.
[0014] Another aspect of the disclosure provides methods of treating a disease or condition, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing, wherein the disease or condition is selected from an inflammatory disease, an immune disease (e.g., an autoimmune disease) , an allergic disease, transplant rejection, a necrotic cell disease, a neurodegenerative disease, a central nervous system (CNS) disease, an ocular disease, an infectious disease, and a malignancy.
[0015] A further aspect of the disclosure provides methods of treating a disease or condition mediated by RIP1, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing.
[0016] In some embodiments, the methods of treatment comprise administering to a subject in need thereof, a compound selected from Compounds 1 to 49 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing.
[0017] In some embodiments, the methods of treatment comprise administration of an additional active pharmaceutical agent to the subject in need thereof, either in the same pharmaceutical composition as a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or in a separate composition. In some embodiments, the methods of treatment comprise administering a compound selected from Compounds 1 to 49 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing with an additional active pharmaceutical agent either in the same pharmaceutical composition or in a separate composition. When administered as a separate dosage form, the additional therapeutic agent may be administered prior to, at the same time as, or following administration of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt disclosed herein.
[0018] Also disclosed herein are methods of mediating, e.g., inhibiting, RIP1, comprising contacting the RIP1 protein or a fragment thereof with a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing. In some embodiments, the methods of inhibiting RIP1 comprise contacting the RIP1 protein or a fragment thereof with a compound selected from Compounds 1 to 49 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing.
[0019] Detailed Description of the Disclosure
[0020] I. Definitions
[0021] The term “a” or “an” when referring to a noun as used herein encompasses the expression “at least one” and therefore encompasses both singular and plural units of the noun. For example, “an additional pharmaceutical agent” means a single or two or more additional pharmaceutical agents.
[0022] The term "alkyl" refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched saturated hydrocarbon groups, containing 1-20, e.g., 1-18, 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-4, or 1-3, carbon atoms. Examples of the alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl or n-propyl ( "n-Pr" ) , 2-propyl or isopropyl ( "i-Pr" ) , 1-butyl or n-butyl ( "n-Bu" ) , 2-methyl-1-propyl or isobutyl ("i-Bu" ) , 1-methylpropyl or s-butyl ( "s-Bu" ) , and 1, 1-dimethylethyl or t-butyl ( "t-Bu" ) . Other examples of an alkyl group include 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl groups. Lower alkyl contains 1-8, preferably 1-6, more preferably 1-4 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1-3 carbon atoms.
[0023] The term "alkenyl" refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched hydrocarbon groups, comprising at least one C=C double bond and 2-20, e.g., 2-18, 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, or 2-4, carbon atoms. Examples of the alkenyl group include ethenyl or vinyl, prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, buta-1, 3-dienyl, 2-methylbuta-1, 3-diene, hex-1-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-4-enyl, and hexa-1, 3-dienyl groups. Lower alkenyl contains 2-8, preferably 2-6, and more preferably 2-4 carbon atoms.
[0024] The term "alkynyl" refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched hydrocarbon groups, comprising at least one C≡C triple bond and 2-20, e.g., 2-18, 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, or 2-4, carbon atoms. Examples of the alkynyl group include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl (propargyl) , 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, and 3-butynyl groups. Lower alkynyl contains 2-8, preferably 2-6, and more preferably 2-4 carbon atoms.
[0025] The term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, in which one or more of the constituent carbon atoms have been replaced by a heteroatom, e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, e.g., CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2OC2H5, CH3CH2SH, CH3CH2SC2H5, CH3CH2NH2, CH3CH2NHC2H5, etc. In some embodiments, in addition to the replacement of one or more of the constituent carbon atoms by nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a heteroalkyl group is further optionally substituted as defined herein.
[0026] The term “ring” or “ring system” refers to a monocyclic and a polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic and tricyclic) group. A ring can be a carbon cycle or heterocycle, aromatic or non-aromatic. For example, a bicyclic ring can be a fused, bridged, or spiro cyclic system.
[0027] The term "cycloalkyl" refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from saturated and partially unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups, e.g., monocyclic and polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic and tricyclic) groups. For example, the cycloalkyl group may be of 3-12, 3-10, 3-8, 3-6, 3-4, or 5-6 carbon atoms. Even further for example, the cycloalkyl group may be a monocyclic group of 3-12, 3-8, 3-6, 3-4, or 5-6 carbon atoms. Examples of the monocyclic cycloalkyl group include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, and cyclododecyl groups. Examples of the bicyclic cycloalkyl groups include those having 7-12 ring atoms arranged as a bicycle ring selected from [4, 4] , [4, 5] , [5, 5] , [5, 6] , and [6, 6] ring systems, or as a bridged bicyclic ring selected from bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, and bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane. The ring may be saturated or have at least one double bond (i.e., partially unsaturated) , but is not fully conjugated, and is not an aromatic ring, as “aromatic ring” is defined herein.
[0028] The term "heterocyclic" or "heterocycle" or "heterocyclyl" refers to a ring selected from 3-to 12-membered, e.g., 3-to 6-membered, 3-to 5-membered, 4-to 5-membered, or 5-to 6-membered, monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic, saturated and partially unsaturated rings comprising at least one carbon atom in addition to one or more heteroatoms (such as 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) , selected from, e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and silicon. “Heterocycle” also refers to a 5-to 7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, and S fused with 5-, 6-, and / or 7-membered cycloalkyl, carbocyclic aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring, provided that the point of attachment is at the heterocyclic ring when the heterocyclic ring is fused with a carbocyclic aromatic or a heteroaromatic ring, and that the point of attachment can be at the cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring when the heterocyclic ring is fused with cycloalkyl.
[0029] “Heterocycle” also refers to an aliphatic spirocyclic ring comprising at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, and S, provided that the point of attachment is at the heterocyclic ring. The rings may be saturated or have at least one double bond (i.e., partially unsaturated) . A heterocycle may be substituted with oxo. The point of the attachment may be carbon or heteroatom in the heterocyclic ring. A heterocycle is not a heteroaryl as defined herein.
[0030] Examples of heterocycles include, but are not limited to, (as numbered from the linkage position assigned priority 1) 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl, 2, 4-imidazolidinyl, 2, 3-pyrazolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 2, 5-piperazinyl, pyranyl, 2-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, oxiranyl, aziridinyl, thiiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 1, 2-dithietanyl, 1, 3-dithietanyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, homopiperidinyl, azepanyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, 1, 4-oxathianyl, 1, 4-dioxepanyl, 1, 4-oxathiepanyl, 1, 4-oxaazepanyl, 1, 4-dithiepanyl, 1, 4-thiazepanyl, 1, 4-diazepanyl, 1, 4-dithianyl, 1, 4-azathianyl, oxazepinyl, diazepinyl, thiazepinyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1-pyrrolinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, 1, 4-dioxanyl, 1, 3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, dithianyl, dithiolanyl, pyrazolidinylimidazolinyl, pyrimidinonyl, 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, 3-azabicyco [3.1.0] hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo [4.1.0] heptanyl and azabicyclo [2.2.2] hexanyl. Substituted heterocycle also includes ring systems substituted with one or more oxo moieties, such as piperidinyl N-oxide, morpholinyl-N-oxide, 1-oxo-1-thiomorpholinyl, and 1, 1-dioxo-1-thiomorpholinyl.
[0031] The term “heteroatom” means one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon, including, any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur; the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen or a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for example N (as in 3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl) , NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR+ (wherein R is, e.g., an optionally substituted alkyl group) (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl) .
[0032] The term “unsaturated” , as used herein, means that a moiety has one or more units or degrees of unsaturation. Unsaturation is the state in which not all of the available valence bonds in a compound are satisfied by substituents and thus the compound contains one or more double or triple bonds. A double bond may be depicted as (two solid lines) . The depiction of (a solid line and a dashed line) , as used herein, denotes a bond that may be a double bond or a single bond.
[0033] The term “alkoxy” as used herein, refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein one carbon of the alkyl group is replaced by an oxygen atom, provided that the oxygen atom is linked between two carbon atoms.
[0034] The term “halogen” includes F, Cl, Br, and I, i.e., fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo, respectively.
[0035] As used herein, a “CN, ” “cyano” or “nitrile” group refers to-C≡N.
[0036] As used herein, an “aromatic ring” refers to a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring that contains conjugated, planar ring systems with delocalized pi electron orbitals comprised of [4n+2] p orbital electrons, wherein n is an integer of 0 to 6. A “non-aromatic” ring refers to a carbocyclic or heterocyclic that does not meet the requirements set forth above for an aromatic ring, and can be either completely or partially saturated. Non-limiting examples of aromatic rings include aryl and heteroaryl rings that are further defined as follows. An “aromatic ring” maybe depicted as a cycle with conjugated double bonds, such as or as a cycle with an inside circle, such as
[0037] The term “aryl” herein refers to a group selected from: monocyclic carbocyclic aromatic rings, for example, phenyl; bicyclic ring systems such as 7-12 membered, e.g., 9-10 membered, bicyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, selected, for example, from naphthalene, indane, and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline; and tricyclic ring systems such as 10-15 membered tricyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, for example, fluorene.
[0038] For example, the aryl group may be a 6-membered carbocyclic aromatic ring fused to a 5-to 7-membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, and S, provided that the point of attachment is at the carbocyclic aromatic ring when the carbocyclic aromatic ring is fused with a heterocyclic ring, and the point of attachment can be at the carbocyclic aromatic ring or at the cycloalkyl group when the carbocyclic aromatic ring is fused with a cycloalkyl group.
[0039] The term "heteroaryl" refers to a group selected from: 5-to 7-membered, e.g., 5-to 6-membered, aromatic, monocyclic rings comprising one or more heteroatoms (such as 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon; 8-to 12-membered bicyclic rings comprising one or more heteroatoms (such as 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) , selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon and wherein at least one ring is aromatic and at least one heteroatom is present in the aromatic ring; and 11-to 14-membered tricyclic rings comprising one or more heteroatoms (such as 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) , selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon and wherein at least one ring is aromatic and at least one heteroatom is present in an aromatic ring.
[0040] For example, the heteroaryl group may be a 5-to 7-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring fused to a 5-to 7-membered cycloalkyl ring. For such fused, bicyclic heteroaryl ring systems wherein only one of the rings comprises at least one heteroatom, the point of attachment may be at the heteroaromatic ring or at the cycloalkyl ring.
[0041] When the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group exceeds 1, those heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group is not more than 2. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the aromatic heterocycle is not more than 1.
[0042] Examples of the heteroaryl group include, but are not limited to, (as numbered from the linkage position assigned priority 1) pyridyl (such as 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl) , cinnolinyl, pyrazinyl, 2, 4-pyrimidinyl, 3, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2, 4-imidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl, benzothienyl, furyl, benzofuryl, benzoimidazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl (such as 1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridin-5-yl) , pyrazolopyridinyl (such as 1H-pyrazolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-5-yl) , benzoxazolyl (such as benzo [d] oxazol-6-yl) , pteridinyl, purinyl, 1-oxa-2, 3-diazolyl, 1-oxa-2, 4-diazolyl, 1-oxa-2, 5-diazolyl, 1-oxa-3, 4-diazolyl, 1-thia-2, 3-diazolyl, 1-thia-2, 4-diazolyl, 1-thia-2, 5-diazolyl, 1-thia-3, 4-diazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl (such as benzo [d] thiazol-6-yl) , indazolyl (such as 1H-indazol-5-yl) and 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl.
[0043] The term "fused ring" herein refers to a polycyclic ring system, e.g., a bicyclic or tricyclic ring system, in which two rings share only two ring atoms and one bond in common. Examples of fused rings may comprise a fused bicyclic cycloalkyl ring such as those having from 7 to 12 ring atoms arranged as a bicyclic ring selected from [4, 4] , [4, 5] , [5, 5] , [5, 6] , and [6, 6] ring systems as mentioned above; a fused bicyclic aryl ring such as 7-to 12-membered bicyclic aryl ring systems as mentioned above, a fused tricyclic aryl ring such as 10-to 15-membered tricyclic aryl ring systems mentioned above; a fused bicyclic heteroaryl ring such as 8-to 12-membered bicyclic heteroaryl rings as mentioned above, a fused tricyclic heteroaryl ring such as 11-to 14-membered tricyclic heteroaryl rings as mentioned above; and a fused bicyclic or tricyclic heterocyclyl ring as mentioned above.
[0044] The term “acyl” refers to a substituent group where a point of attachment in the substituent group is a carbonyl. Exemplary acyl groups include, but are not limited to, -C (=O) R’, -C (=O) NR’R”, or-C (=O) OR’, wherein R’ and R” are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, any of which may be further substituted by one or more substituents.
[0045] Some of the compounds may exist with different points of attachment of hydrogen, referred to as “tautomers. ” For example, compounds including carbonyl-CH2C (O) -groups (keto forms) may undergo tautomerism to form hydroxyl-CH=C (OH) -groups (enol forms) . Both keto and enol forms, individually as well as mixtures thereof, are also intended to be included where applicable.
[0046] The compounds, tautomers, solvates, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the disclosure may contain an asymmetric center and may thus exist as enantiomers. For example, where the compounds possess two or more asymmetric centers, they may additionally exist as diastereoisomers. Enantiomers and diastereoisomers fall within the broader class of stereoisomers. All such possible stereoisomers as substantially pure resolved enantiomers, racemic mixtures thereof, as well as mixtures of diastereoisomers are intended to be included in this disclosure. All stereoisomers of the compounds, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are intended to be included. Unless specifically mentioned otherwise, reference to one isomer applies to any of the possible isomers. Whenever the isomeric composition is unspecified, all possible isomers are included.
[0047] Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereoisomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by chromatography and / or fractional crystallization. Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride) , separating the diastereoisomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereoisomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers. Enantiomers can also be separated by use of a chiral HPLC column.
[0048] A single stereoisomer, e.g., a substantially pure enantiomer, may be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixture using a method such as formation of diastereoisomers using optically active resolving agents. Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds of the disclosure can be separated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separation of the diastereoisomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3) separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directly under chiral conditions.
[0049] The term “substantially pure” in the context of stereoisomers means that the target stereoisomer contains no more than 35%, such as no more than 30%, further such as no more than 25%, even further such as no more than 20%, by weight of any other stereoisomer (s) . In some embodiments, the term “substantially pure” means that the target stereoisomer contains no more than 10%, for example, no more than 5%, such as no more than 1%, by weight of any other stereoisomer (s) .
[0050] Unless otherwise indicated, structures depicted herein are meant to include all isomeric forms of the structure, e.g., racemic mixtures, cis / trans isomers, geometric (or conformational) isomers, such as (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, geometric and conformational mixtures of the compounds disclosed herein are within the scope of the disclosure. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the disclosure are within the scope of the disclosure.
[0051] The disclosure provides pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the disclosed compounds, tautomers, solvates, and stereoisomers. A salt of a compound is formed between an acid and a basic group of the compound, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of the compound, such as a carboxyl functional group.
[0052] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable, ” as used herein, refers to a component that is,within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and other mammals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. A “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” means any non-toxic salt that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this disclosure.
[0053] “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” include, but are not limited to salts with inorganic acids, selected, for example, from hydrochlorates, phosphates, diphosphates, hydrobromates, sulfates, sulfinates, and nitrates; as well as salts with organic acids, selected, for example, from malates, maleates, fumarates, tartrates, succinates, citrates, lactates, methanesulfonates, p-toluenesulfonates, 2-hydroxyethylsulfonates, benzoates, salicylates, stearates, alkanoates such as acetate, and salts with HOOC- (CH2) n-COOH, wherein n is selected from 0 to 4. Similarly, examples of pharmaceutically acceptable cations include, but are not limited to, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, lithium, and ammonium. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts are, for example, those disclosed in S.M. Berge, et al. J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, pp. 1 to 19.
[0054] Acids commonly employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acids such as hydrogen bisulfide, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, as well as organic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, bitartaric acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, formic acid, glutamic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, para-bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, and acetic acid. Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate (i.e., caprate) , caprylate, acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-1, 4-dioate, hexyne-l, 6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, phthalate, terephthalate, sulfonate, xylene sulfonate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate, citrate, lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate, glycolate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, naphthalene-1-sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, mandelate, and other salts. In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those formed with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid, and those formed with organic acids such as maleic acid.
[0055] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, and N+ (C1-4 alkyl) 4 salts. This disclosure also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Suitable non-limiting examples of alkali and alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Further non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include salts of ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate. Other suitable, non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include besylate and glucosamine salts.
[0056] If a compound is obtained as an acid addition salt, the free base can be obtained by basifying a solution of the acid addition salt. Conversely, if the product is a free base, an addition salt, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, may be produced by dissolving the free base in a suitable organic solvent and treating the solution with an acid, in accordance with conventional procedures for preparing acid addition salts from base compounds. Those skilled in the art will recognize various synthetic methodologies that may be used without undue experimentation to prepare non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts.
[0057] The compounds, tautomers, solvates, stereoisomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the disclosure may also contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms that constitute such compounds. For example, –CD3, –CD2H or–CDH2 contains one or more deuteriums in place of hydrogen. For example, the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium (3H) , iodine-125 (125I) , or carbon-14 (14C) . All isotopic variations of the compounds of the disclosure, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the disclosure.
[0058] As used herein, “optionally substituted” is interchangeable with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted. ” In general, the term “substituted, ” refers to the replacement of a hydrogen radical in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted” group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent chosen from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position.
[0059] Combinations of chemical components, e.g., substituents, ring structures, linkers (L) , and / or heteroatoms, envisioned by this disclosure are those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
[0060] In some embodiments, substituents (such as in situations where a group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, e.g., optionally substituted phenyl) are independently selected from optionally substituted heteroatom and optionally substituted, optionally hetero-, optionally cyclic C1-C18 hydrocarbyl, particularly wherein the optionally substituted, optionally hetero-, optionally cyclic C1-C18 hydrocarbyl is optionally-substituted, optionally hetero-, optionally cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, or optionally-substituted, optionally hetero-, aryl; and / or the optionally substituted heteroatom is halogen, optionally substituted hydroxyl (such as alkoxy, aryloxy) , optionally substituted acyl (such as formyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, carboxyl, amido) , optionally substituted amino (such as amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, amido, sulfamidyl) , optionally substituted thiol (such as mercapto, alkylthiol, aryl thiol) , optionally substituted sulfinyl or sulfonyl (such as alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, alkyl sulfonyl, arylsulfonyl) , nitro, or cyano.
[0061] In some embodiments, substituents are independently selected from: halogen, -R', -OR', =O, =NR', =N-OR', -NR'R", -SR', -SiR'R"R'", -OC (=O) R', -C (=O) R', -CO2R', -C (=O) NR'R", -OC (=O) NR'R", -NR"C (=O) R', -NR'-C (=O) NR"R'", -NR'-SO2NR"R'", -NR"CO2R', -NH-C (NH2) =NH, -NR'C (NH2) =NH, -NH-C (NH2) =NR', -S (O) R', -SO2R', -SO2NR'R", -NR"SO2R, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -CH (Ph) 2, perfluoro (C1-C4) alkoxy, and perfluoro (C1-C4) alkyl, in a number ranging from zero to three, with those groups having zero, one, or two substituents being particularly preferred. R', R", and R'" each independently refer to hydrogen, unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl and heteroalkyl, C1-C8 alkyl and heteroalkyl substituted with one to three halogens, unsubstituted aryl, aryl substituted with one to three halogens, unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkoxy groups, or aryl- (C1-C4) alkyl groups. When R' and R" are attached to the same nitrogen atom, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a 5-, 6-or 7-membered ring. Hence, -NR'R" includes 1-pyrrolidinyl and 4-morpholinyl. When the aryl group is 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, it may be substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C7 spirocycloalkyl group. The C3-C7 spirocycloalkyl group may be substituted in the same manner as defined herein for "cycloalkyl. "
[0062] In some embodiments, substituents are selected from: halogen, -R', -OR', =O, -NR'R", -SR', -SiR'R"R'", -OC (=O) R', -C (=O) R', -CO2R', -C (=O) NR'R", -OC (=O) NR'R", -NR"C (=O) R', -NR"CO2R', -NR'-SO2NR"R'", -S (=O) R', -SO2R', -SO2NR'R", -NR"SO2R, -CN, -NO2, perfluoro C1-C4 alkoxy and perfluoro C1-C4 alkyl, where R' and R" are as defined above.
[0063] In some embodiments, substituents are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted heteroatom, substituted or unsubstituted, 0-3 heteroatom-containing C1-C6 alkyl (e.g., C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C2 alkyl) , substituted or unsubstituted, 0-3 heteroatom-containing C2-C6 alkenyl (e.g., C2-C4 alkenyl) , substituted or unsubstituted, 0-3 heteroatom-containing C2-C6 alkynyl (e.g., C2-C4 alkynyl) , or substituted or unsubstituted, 0-3 heteroatom-containing C6-C14 aryl (e.g., C5-C6 aryl) , wherein each heteroatom is independently oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, or nitrogen.
[0064] In some embodiments, substituents are independently selected from aldehyde, aldimine, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyloxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amine, azo, halogen, carbamoyl, carbonyl, carboxamido, carboxyl, cyanyl, ester, haloformyl, hydroperoxyl, hydroxyl, imine, isocyanide, isocyante, N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, nitrate, nitrile, nitrite, nitro, nitroso, phosphate, phosphono, sulfide, sulfonyl, sulfo, sulfhydryl, thiol, thiocyanyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluromethyl ether (OCF3) groups.
[0065] In some embodiments, substituents are structurally depicted herein. For example, when a substituent is attached to a ring structure without a specified position such as in the substituent, e.g., R2, may be attached to any chemically feasible position of Ring Y regardless of whether Ring Y is a single cyclic or multi-cyclic structure, when m is a positive integer. For example, unless otherwise specified, as shown in R2 may be attached to any chemically feasible position of the 5+5-membered fused cyclic structure (which may be referred to as an 8-membered fused ring) , and R3 may be attached to any chemically feasible position of the 5-membered cyclic structure.
[0066] Preferred substituents are disclosed herein and exemplified in the tables, structures, examples, and claims, and may be applied across different compounds of this disclosure. For example, substituents of a given compound may be combinatorically used with other compounds.
[0067] It maybe advantageous to separate reaction products from one another and / or from starting materials. The desired products of each step or series of steps are separated and / or purified (hereinafter separated) to the desired degree of homogeneity by the techniques common in the art. Typically such separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography. Chromatography can involve any number of methods including, for example, reverse-phase and normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium, and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scale analytical; simulated moving bed ( "SMB" ) and preparative thin or thick layer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography. One skilled in the art may apply such techniques to achieve a desired separation.
[0068] Non-limiting examples of suitable solvents that may be used in this disclosure include water, methanol (MeOH) , ethanol (EtOH) , dichloromethane or methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) , toluene, acetonitrile (MeCN) , dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , methyl acetate (MeOAc) , ethyl acetate (EtOAc) , heptanes, isopropyl acetate (IPAc) , tert-butyl acetate (t-BuOAc) , isopropyl alcohol (IPA) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-Me THF) , methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) , tert-butanol, diethyl ether (Et2O) , methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) , 1, 4-dioxane, and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) .
[0069] Non-limiting examples of suitable bases that may be used in this disclosure include 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) , potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , triethylamine (Et3N; TEA) , diisopropyl-ethyl amine (i-Pr2EtN; DIPEA) , pyridine, potassium hydroxide (KOH) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , lithium hydroxide (LiOH) , and sodium methoxide (NaOMe; NaOCH3) .
[0070] The term “subject” refers to an animal including a human.
[0071] The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount of a compound that produces a desired effect for which it is administered (e.g., improvement in a disease or condition, lessening the severity of a disease or condition, and / or reducing progression of a disease or condition, e.g., an inflammatory disease, an immune disease, an allergic disease, transplant rejection, a necrotic cell disease, a neurodegenerative disease, a central nervous system (CNS) disease, ischemic brain injury, an ocular disease, an infectious disease, or a malignancy. The disease or condition may be mediated by RIP1. The exact amount of a therapeutically effective amount will depend on the purpose of the treatment and will be ascertainable by one skilled in the art using known techniques (see, e.g., Lloyd (1999) , The Art, Science and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding) .
[0072] As used herein, the term “treatment” and its cognates refer to slowing or stopping disease progression. “Treatment” and its cognates as used herein include, but are not limited to the following: complete or partial remission, curing a disease or condition or a symptom thereof, lower risk of a disease or condition, e.g., an inflammatory disease, an immune disease, an allergic disease, transplant rejection, a necrotic cell disease, aneurodegenerative disease, a central nervous system (CNS) disease, ischemic brain injury, an ocular disease, an infectious disease, or a malignancy. The disease or condition may be mediated by RIP1. Improvements in or lessening the severity of any of these symptoms can be assessed according to methods and techniques known in the art.
[0073] The terms “about” and “approximately, ” when used in connection with a number such as a percentage include the number as specified, and a range of the number (e.g., a range of percentages, for example, a range of±10%with respect to a specific point value) that is recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0074] II. Compounds and Compositions
[0075] In a first embodiment, a compound of this disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula 1:
[0076] a tautomer thereof, a solvate (e.g., a hydrate) or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:
[0077] Y is selected from 4-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 11-membered heteroaryl, and- (CRaRb) a-N (Rc) - (CRaRb) b, wherein the 4-to 11-membered heterocyclyl and 4-to 11-membered heteroaryl of Y, in addition to being connected to R1, are each independently substituted with m groups of R2;
[0078] R1 is selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl, phenyl, 3-to 8-membered cycloalkyl, and 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein the C1 to C6alkyl of R1 is substituted by phenyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3-to 8-membered cycloalkyl, wherein
[0079] the phenyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3-to 8-membered cycloalkyl of R1 is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 groups selected from C1 to C6 alkyl, halogen, -CN, and OH, and
[0080] the phenyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3-to 8-membered cycloalkyl of the C1 to C6alkyl of R1 is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 groups selected from C1 to C6 alkyl, halogen, -CN, and OH;
[0081] R2 is selected from halogen, CN, =O, =S, -ORs, -NRpRq, and C1 to C6 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0082] R3 is selected from halogen, CN, -NRpRq, -C (=O) ORs, and C1 to C4alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0083] L is selected from a bond and
[0084] Ra and Rb, for each occurrence, are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C4alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;
[0085] Rc is selected from OH and C1 to C4alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0086] Rd and Re, for each occurrence, are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C4alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ; Rp and Rq, for each occurrence, are each independently selected from H and C1 to C4 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0087] Rs is selected from H, OH, and C1 to C4 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0088] a is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0089] b is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0090] c is an integer selected from 0 and 1;
[0091] d is an integer selected from 0 and 1;
[0092] f is an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3;
[0093] g is an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3;
[0094] h is an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3;
[0095] m is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2; and
[0096] n is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; provided that:
[0097] Y substituted with m groups of R2 is not and
[0098] is not
[0099] Combinations of substituents or other variations (e.g., optional presence of heteroatoms in a ring) as disclosed herein are those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds. For example, combinations of heteroatoms in a ring structure such as Ring Y are those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
[0100] In each occurrence in this disclosure, C1 to C3 can be C1, C2, and C3; C1 to C4 can be C1, C2, C3, or C4; C1 to C6 can be C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, or C6; 3-to 8-membered means 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered; 4-to 11-membered means 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, or 11-membered; 1-5 or 1 to 5 means 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; 1-3 or 1 to 3 means 1, 2, or 3.
[0101] For abbreviation or according to common practice, certain hydrogen atoms attached to a certain atom (e.g., a carbon atom C or a nitrogen atom N) are not specifically spelled out in a chemical structure, formula, or notation; hydrogen atoms are deemed to be present to the extent the valences of the certain atom (e.g., C or N) are completed.
[0102] In a 2nd embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, the 4-to 11-membered heterocyclyl of Y contains 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N and O, and the 4-to 11-membered heteroaryl of Y contains 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in the preceding embodiment.
[0103] In a 3rd embodiment, a compound of the disclosure is one of the following structural Formula 2:
[0104] a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:
[0105] X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5are independently selected from C and N (e.g., 3, 2, 1, or 0 of X1, X2,X3, X4, and X5 are N, and the rest of them are C) ;
[0106] R4is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0107] K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rfand Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;
[0108] p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;
[0109] e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0110] and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
[0111] In a 4th embodiment, a compound of the disclosure is one of the following structural Formula 3:
[0112] a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:
[0113] R4is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0114] K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rfand Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;
[0115] X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;
[0116] Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from C and N;
[0117] p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;
[0118] q is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0119] e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0120] and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
[0121] In a 5th embodiment, a compound of the disclosure is one of the following structural Formula 4:
[0122] a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:
[0123] R4is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0124] K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rfand Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;
[0125] X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;
[0126] Z is selected from C and N;
[0127] p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;
[0128] e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0129] and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0130] In a 6th embodiment, a compound of the disclosure is one of the following structural Formula 5:
[0131] a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:
[0132] R4is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0133] K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rfand Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;
[0134] X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;
[0135] Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently selected from C and N;
[0136] U is selected from O and S;
[0137] p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;
[0138] q is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0139] e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0140] and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0141] In a 7th embodiment, a compound of the disclosure is one of the following structural Formula 6:
[0142] a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:
[0143] R4is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0144] K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rfand Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;
[0145] X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;
[0146] Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from C and N;
[0147] U is selected from O and S;
[0148] p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;
[0149] e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0150] and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0151] In a 8th embodiment, a compound of the disclosure is one of the following structural Formula 7:
[0152] a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:
[0153] R4is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0154] K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rfand Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;
[0155] X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;
[0156] Z1 is selected from C and N; Z2 is selected from C, O, and N;
[0157] p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;
[0158] q is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0159] e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0160] and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0161] In a 9th embodiment, a compound of the disclosure is one of the following structural Formula 8:
[0162] a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:
[0163] R4is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0164] K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rfand Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;
[0165] X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;
[0166] Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from C, O, and N;
[0167] p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;
[0168] e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0169] and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0170] In a 10th embodiment, a compound of the disclosure is one of the following structural Formula 9:
[0171] a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:
[0172] R4is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0173] K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rfand Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;
[0174] X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;
[0175] Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently selected from C and N;
[0176] U is selected from O and S;
[0177] p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;
[0178] e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0179] and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0180] In a 11th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, Y is- (CRaRb) a-N (Rc) - (CRaRb) b, wherein a is 1 and b is 0; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0181] In a 12th embodiment, a compound of the disclosure is one of the following structural Formula 10:
[0182] a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:
[0183] R4is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;
[0184] K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rfand Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;
[0185] X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;
[0186] a is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0187] e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
[0188] p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;
[0189] and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0190] In a 13th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, the 4-to 11-membered heterocyclyl or 4-to 11-membered heteroaryl of Y is selected from: and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0191] In a 14th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, Y substituted with m groups of R2 ) is selected from and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0192] In a 15th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, the- (CRaRb) a-N (Rc) - (CRaRb) b of Y is selected from and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0193] In a 16th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, the- (CRaRb) a-N (Rc) - (CRaRb) b of Y is selected from and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0194] In a 17th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, K is selected from a bond and C1 to C2alkyl; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0195] In a 18th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, is selected from phenyl, and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0196] In a 19th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, R4 is selected from F, Cl, -CN, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and CN) ; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0197] In a 20th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, wherein is and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0198] In a 21st embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, R1 is selected from phenyl and pyridyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from C1 to C3 alkyl, halogen and CN; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0199] In a 22nd embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, R1 is selected from and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0200] In a 23rd embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, R2, for each occurrence, is independently selected from halogen, -CN, =O, =S, and C1 to C2 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen and CN) ; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0201] In a 24th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, R2, for each occurrence, is independently selected from methyl, F, Cl, -CN, =O, =S, and-CHF2; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0202] In a 25th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, R3, for each occurrence, is independently selected from halogen, CN, -C (=O) O (C1 to C2alkyl) , and C1 to C2alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, and OH) ; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0203] In a 26th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, R3, for each occurrence, is independently selected from-CN, F, Cl, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2OH, and-C (=O) OCH3; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0204] In a 27th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, L is selected from a bond and and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0205] In a 28th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, L is selected from a bond, and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0206] In a 29th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, f is an integer selected from 1 and 2; g is an integer selected from 1 and 2; and h is an integer selected from 1 and 2; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0207] In a 30th embodiment, in a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this disclosure, f is 1; g is 1; and h is 1; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any of the appropriate preceding embodiments.
[0208] In certain embodiments, a compound of the disclosure is selected from Compounds 1 to 49 depicted in Table 1, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing.
[0209] Table 1. Compounds 1 to 49
[0210] Another aspect of the disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound selected from a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein (e.g., Compounds 1 to 49) disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0211] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is selected from pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles and pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is chosen from pharmaceutically acceptable fillers, disintegrants, surfactants, binders, and lubricants.
[0212] It will also be appreciated that a pharmaceutical composition of this disclosure can be employed in combination therapies; that is, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can further include an additional active pharmaceutical agent. Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound selected from a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein (e.g., Compounds 1 to 49) disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing can be administered as a separate composition concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, a composition comprising an additional active pharmaceutical agent.
[0213] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may be chosen from adjuvants and vehicles. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, as used herein, can be chosen, for example, from any and all solvents, diluents, other liquid vehicles, dispersion aids, suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening agents, emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, and lubricants, which are suited to the particular dosage form desired. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st edition, 2005, ed. D.B. Troy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, and Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, eds. J. Swarbrick and J.C. Boylan, 1988 to 1999, Marcel Dekker, New York discloses various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutical compositions and known techniques for the preparation thereof. Except insof ar as any conventional carrier is incompatible with the compounds of this disclosure, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other component (s) of the pharmaceutical composition, its use is contemplated to be within the scope of this disclosure. Non-limiting examples of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins (such as human serum albumin) , buffer substances (such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, and potassium sorbate) , partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts, and electrolytes (such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, and zinc salts) , colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, wool fat, sugars (such as lactose, glucose and sucrose) , starches (such as corn starch and potato starch) , cellulose and its derivatives (such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate) , powdered tragacanth, malt, gelatin, talc, excipients (such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes) , oils (such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil) , glycols (such as propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol) , esters (such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate) , agar, buffering agents (such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide) , alginic acid, pyrogen-free water, isotonic saline, Ringer's solution, ethyl alcohol, phosphate buffer solutions, non-toxic compatible lubricants (such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate) , coloring agents, releasing agents, coating agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, perfuming agents, preservatives, and antioxidants.
[0214] A compound selected from a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein (e.g., Compounds 1 to 49) disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein can be administered orally in solid dosage forms, such as capsules, tablets, troches, dragées, granules and powders, or in liquid dosage forms, such as elixirs, syrups, emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions. The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein can also be administered parenterally, in sterile liquid dosage forms, such as dispersions, suspensions or solutions. Other dosages forms that can also be used to administer the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein as an ointment, cream, drops, transdermal patch or powder for topical administration, as an ophthalmic solution or suspension formation, e.g., eye drops, for ocular administration, as an aerosol spray or powder composition for inhalation or intranasal administration, or as a cream, ointment, spray or suppository for rectal or vaginal administration.
[0215] Gelatin capsules containing a compound, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing disclosed herein and powdered carriers, such as lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like, can also be used. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets. Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of medication over a period of time. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for selective disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract.
[0216] Liquid dosage forms for oral administration can further comprise at least one agent selected from coloring and flavoring agents to increase patient acceptance.
[0217] In general, water, a suitable oil, saline, aqueous dextrose (glucose) , and related sugar solutions and glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycols can be examples of suitable carriers for parenteral solutions. Solutions for parenteral administration may comprise a water-soluble salt of the at least one compound describe herein, at least one suitable stabilizing agent, and if necessary, at least one buffer substance. Antioxidizing agents such as sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, or ascorbic acid, either alone or combined, can be examples of suitable stabilizing agents. Citric acid and its salts and sodium EDTA can also be used as examples of suitable stabilizing agents. In addition, parenteral solutions can further comprise at least one preservative, selected, for example, from benzalkonium chloride, methyl-and propylparaben, and chlorobutanol.
[0218] A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is, for example, selected from carriers that are compatible with active ingredients of the composition (and in some embodiments, capable of stabilizing the active ingredients) and not deleterious to the subject to be treated. For example, solubilizing agents, such as cyclodextrins (which can form specific, more soluble complexes with the at least one compound and / or at least one pharmaceutically acceptable salt disclosed herein) , can be utilized as pharmaceutical excipients for delivery of the active ingredients. Examples of other carriers include colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, and pigments such as D&C Yellow#10. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. Osol.
[0219] For administration by inhalation, the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein may be conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or nebulisers. The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein may also be delivered as powders, which may be formulated, and the powder composition may be inhaled with the aid of an insufflation powder inhaler device. One exemplary delivery system for inhalation can be metered dose inhalation (MDI) aerosol, which may be formulated as a suspension or solution of a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein in at least one suitable propellant, selected, for example, from fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons.
[0220] For ocular administration, an ophthalmic preparation may be formulated with an appropriate weight percentage of a solution or suspension of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein in an appropriate ophthalmic vehicle, such that the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein is maintained in contact with the ocular surface for a sufficient time period to allow the compound to penetrate the corneal and internal regions of the eye.
[0221] Useful pharmaceutical dosage-forms for administration of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein include, but are not limited to, hard and soft gelatin capsules, tablets, parenteral injectables, and oral suspensions. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may be in the form of controlled release or sustained release compositions as known in the art.
[0222] The term "unit dosage forms" refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient. Typical unit dosage forms include prefilled, premeasured ampules or syringes of the liquid compositions or pills, tablets, capsules, lozenges or the like in the case of solid compositions. In such compositions, the active material is usually a component ranging from about 0.1 to about 50%by weight or preferably from about 1 to about 40%by weight with the remainder being various vehicles or carriers and processing aids helpful for forming the desired dosing form. Unit dosage formulations are preferably about of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg per unit. In a particular embodiment, unit dosage forms are packaged in a multipack adapted for sequential use, such as blisterpack comprising sheets of at least 6, 9 or 12 unit dosage forms.
[0223] In some embodiments, unit capsules can be prepared by filling standard two-piece hard gelatin capsules each with, for example, 100 milligrams of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein in powder, 150 milligrams of lactose, 50 milligrams of cellulose, and 6 milligrams magnesium stearate.
[0224] In some embodiments, a mixture of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein and a digestible oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil can be prepared and injected by means of a positive displacement pump into gelatin to form soft gelatin capsules containing 100 milligrams of the active ingredient. The capsules are washed and dried.
[0225] In some embodiments, tablets can be prepared by conventional procedures so that the dosage unit comprises, for example, 100 milligrams of the compound, stereoisomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, 0.2 milligrams of colloidal silicon dioxide, 5 milligrams of magnesium stearate, 275 milligrams of microcrystalline cellulose, 11 milligrams of starch and 98.8 milligrams of lactose. Appropriate coatings may be applied to increase palatability or delay absorption.
[0226] In some embodiments, a parenteral composition suitable for administration by injection can be prepared by stirring 1.5%by weight of the compound and / or at least an enantiomer, adiastereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof disclosed herein in 10%by volume propylene glycol. The solution is made to the expected volume with water for injection and sterilized.
[0227] In some embodiment, an aqueous suspension can be prepared for oral administration. For example, each 5 milliliters of an aqueous suspension comprising 100 milligrams of finely divided compound, stereoisomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, 100 milligrams of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 5 milligrams of sodium benzoate, 1.0 grams of sorbitol solution, U.S.P., and 0.025 milliliters of vanillin can be used.
[0228] The same dosage forms can generally be used when the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein is administered stepwise or in conjunction with at least one other therapeutic agent. When drugs are administered in physical combination, the dosage form and administration route should be selected depending on the compatibility of the combined drugs. Thus, the term coadministration is understood to include the administration of at least two agents concomitantly or sequentially, or alternatively as a fixed dose combination of the at least two active components.
[0229] The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt disclosed herein can be administered as the sole active ingredient or in combination with at least one second active ingredient.
[0230] The compound, tautomer, solvate, or stereoisomer described herein may be used in the aforementioned form or in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, such as hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, acetates, sulfates, citrates, carbonates, trifluoroacetates and the like. When the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein contain relatively acidic functionalities, salts can be obtained by addition of the desired base, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium, organic amino, or magnesium salts, or the like. When the compound, tautomer, solvate, or stereoisomer described herein contain relatively basic functionalities, salts can be obtained by addition of the desired acid, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those derived from inorganic acids like hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, dihydrogenphosphoric, sulfuric, monohydrogensulfuric, hydriodic, or phosphorous acids and the like, as well as the salts derived from relatively nontoxic organic acids like acetic, propionic, isobutyric, maleic, malonic, benzoic, succinic, suberic, fumaric, lactic, mandelic, phthalic, benzenesulfonic, p-tolylsulfonic, citric, tartaric, methanesulfonic, and the like. Also included are salts of amino acids such as arginate and the like, and salts of organic acids like glucuronic or galacturonic acids and the like (see, for example, Berge et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts, ” Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1977, 66, 1-19) .
[0231] Neutral forms of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein may be regenerated by contacting the salt with a base or acid, and isolating the parent compound in the conventional manner.
[0232] This disclosure provides prodrugs. Prodrugs of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to provide the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the present disclosure. Additionally, prodrugs can be converted to the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the present disclosure by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the present disclosure when placed in a transdermal patch reservoir with a suitable enzyme or chemical reagent. Prodrugs are often useful because, in some situations, they may be easier to administer than the parent drug. They may, for instance, be more bioavailable by oral administration than the parent drug. The prodrug may also have improved solubility in pharmacological compositions over the parent drug. A wide variety of prodrug derivatives are known in the art, such as those that rely on hydrolytic cleavage or oxidative activation of the prodrug. An example, without limitation, of a prodrug would be a compound of the present disclosure which is administered as an ester (the "prodrug" ) , but then is metabolically hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid, i.e., the active entity.
[0233] Certain compound, tautomer, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the disclosure can exist in unsolvated forms as well as solvated forms, including hydrate forms. Certain compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the disclosure may exist in multiple crystalline or amorphous forms.
[0234] Certain compound, tautomer, solvate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt in this disclosure possesses asymmetric carbon atoms (optical centers) or double bonds; the racemates, enantiomers, diastereoisomers, geometric isomers and individual isomers are all intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0235] III. Methods of Treatment and Uses
[0236] In another aspect of this disclosure, a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, is for use in treating a disease or condition selected from an inflammatory disease, an immune disease (e.g., an autoimmune disease) , an allergic disease, transplant rejection, a necrotic cell disease, a neurodegenerative disease, a central nervous system (CNS) disease, ischemic brain injury, an ocular disease, an infectious disease, and a malignancy. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is mediated by receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) signaling. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is selected from ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , Alzheimer’s disease, and a viral infection.
[0237] In another aspect, disclosed herein is a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, for use as a medicament.
[0238] In another aspect, disclosed herein is use of a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or condition selected from an inflammatory disease, an immune disease (e.g., an autoimmune disease) , an allergic disease, transplant rejection, a necrotic cell disease, a neurodegenerative disease, a central nervous system (CNS) disease, ischemic brain injury, an ocular disease, an infectious disease, and a malignancy. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is mediated by RIP1 signaling. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is selected from ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , Alzheimer’s disease, and a viral infection.
[0239] In yet another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of treating a disease or condition selected from an inflammatory disease, an immune disease (e.g., an autoimmune disease) , an allergic disease, transplant rejection, a necrotic cell disease, a neurodegenerative disease, acentral nervous system (CNS) disease, ischemic brain injury, an ocular disease, an infectious disease, and a malignancy in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is mediated by RIP1 signaling. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is selected from ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, and a viral infection.
[0240] In a further aspect of this disclosure, a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, is for use in treating a disease or condition mediated by RIP1 signaling. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is selected from ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , Alzheimer’s disease, and a viral infection.
[0241] In another aspect, disclosed herein is use of a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49 a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or condition mediated by RIP1 signaling. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is selected from ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, and a viral infection.
[0242] In yet another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of treating a disease or condition mediated by RIP1 signaling in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is selected from ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, and a viral infection.
[0243] In another aspect of this disclosure, a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, is for use in mediating, e.g., inhibiting, RIP1 by contacting the RIP1 protein or a fragment thereof (e.g., kinase domain, intermediate domain, and / or death domain) with the compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or pharmaceutical composition. In yet another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of inhibiting RIP1, comprising contacting the RIP1 protein or a fragment thereof (e.g., kinase domain, intermediate domain, and / or death domain) with a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein to a subject, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
[0244] A compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof may be administered once daily, twice daily, or three times daily, for example, for the treatment of a disease or condition as described above, e.g., a disease or condition selected from an inflammatory disease, an immune disease (e.g., an autoimmune disease) , an allergic disease, transplant rejection, a necrotic cell disease, a neurodegenerative disease, CNS disease, ischemic brain injury, an ocular disease, an infectious disease, and a malignancy, including those mediated by RIP1 signaling; a disease or condition selected from ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, and a viral infection, including those mediated by RIP1 signaling; a disease or condition mediated by RIP1 signaling.
[0245] In some embodiments, 2 mg to 1500 mg or 5 mg to 1000 mg of a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof are administered once daily, twice daily, or three times daily.
[0246] A compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 49, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof may be administered, for example, various manners, such as orally, topically, rectally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, or via an implanted reservoir, although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the particular host, and nature and severity of the conditions for which the active ingredient is being administered. The term “parenteral” as used herein includes subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular, intraarterial, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques. The compositions disclosed herein may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well known in the art. Parenteral administration can be by continuous infusion over a selected period of time. Other forms of administration contemplated in this disclosure are as described in International Patent Application Nos. WO 2013 / 075083, WO 2013 / 075084, WO 2013 / 078320, WO 2013 / 120104, WO 2014 / 124418, WO 2014 / 151142, and WO 2015 / 023915.
[0247] The contacting is generally effected by administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more compounds, tautomers, solvates, stereoisomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salt disclosed herein. Generally, administration is adjusted to achieve a therapeutic dosage of about 0.1 to 50, preferably 0.5 to 10, more preferably 1 to 10 mg / kg, though optimal dosages are compound specific, and generally empirically determined for each compound.
[0248] The dosage administered will be dependent on factors, such as the age, health and weight of the recipient, the extent of disease, type of concurrent treatment, if any, frequency of treatment, and the nature of the effect desired. In general, a daily dosage of the active ingredient can vary, for example, from 0.1 to 2000 milligrams per day. For example, 10-500 milligrams once or multiple times per day may be effective to obtain the desired results.
[0249] The subject compositions may also be coformulated and / or coadministered with a different compound to treat applicable indications, or to treat programmed cell death. In some embodiments, applicable indications include brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections, immune tolerance, and cancer, e.g., to promote tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer and melanoma.Examples
[0250] In order that the disclosure described herein may be more fully understood, the following examples are disclosed herein. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting this disclosure in any way.
[0251] Example 1. Synthesis of Exemplary Compounds
[0252] The compounds of the disclosure, selected from a compound of the Formulae depicted herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, can be made according to standard chemical practices or as illustrated herein, including the following synthetic schemes for Compounds 1 to 49 as representative examples of Formula I.
[0253] Intermediate 1: (S) -5-phenyl-2, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazol-3-one
[0254] Step 1: 5-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one
[0255] A solution of benzene (242 g, 3.10 mol, 2.0 eq) in Eaton's reagent (500 mL) was added into a suspension of (S) -5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (200 g, 1.55 mol, 1.0 eq) in Eaton's reagent (1500 mL) . The reaction was heated to 60℃ for 72 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture reaction was poured into ice water and adjusted to pH>7 by a NaOH aqueous solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc, washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give 5-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one (130 g, 52%yield) as a white solid. MS (m / z) : 162.2 [M+H] +.
[0256] Step 2: 5-phenylpyrrolidine-2-thione
[0257] To a solution of 5-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one (130 g, 0.80mol, 1.0 eq) in toluene (1200 mL) was added Lawession reagent (640.3 g, 1.59 mol, 2.0 eq) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was then cooled to 20℃, concentrated, and purified by chromatography (EtOAc / petroleum ether=1 / 6 to 1: 1) to give 5-phenylpyrrolidine-2-thione (128 g, 91%yield) as a white solid. MS (m / z) : 178.0 [M+H] +.
[0258] Step 3: 5- (methylthio) -2-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole
[0259] To a solution of 5-phenylpyrrolidine-2-thione (128 g, 0.72 mol, 1.0 eq) in Me2CO (1750 mL) were added MeI (122.5 g, 0.86 mol, 1.2 eq) and K2CO3 (249.7 g, 1.80mol, 2.5 eq) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic layer was washed with water and brine, then dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography (EtOAc / petroleum ether=2 / 1) to give 5- (methylthio) -2-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole (77 g, 55.7%yield) as a white oil. MS (m / z) : 192.1 [M+H] +.
[0260] Step 4: ethyl 2- (2-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl) hydrazine-1-carboxylate
[0261] To a solution of 5- (methylthio) -2-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole (77 g, 0.40 mol, 1.0 eq) in EtOH (500mL) was added ethyl hydrazinecarboxylate (41.9 g, 0.40mol, 1.0 eq) , and the mixture reaction was heated to 90 ℃ for 48 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was washed with EtOAc / petroleum ether (5 / 1) . The solid was collected to give ethyl 2- (2-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl) hydrazine-1-carboxylate (80 g, 80.0%yield) as a white solid. MS (m / z) : 248.2 [M+H] +.
[0262] Step 5: 5-phenyl-2, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazol-3-one
[0263] Ethyl 2- (2-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl) hydrazine-1-carboxylate (40 g, 0.16 mol) in DMF(200 mL) was stirred at 130℃ for 16 h. DMF was evaporated in vacuum. The residue was purified by chromatography (MeOH / DCM=2%to 10%) to provide 5-phenyl-2, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazol-3-one (16 g, 49.0%yield) as a white solid. MS (m / z) : 202.1 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ9.35 (brs, 1H) , 7.41–7.29 (m, 3H) , 7.20 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H) , 5.22 (dd, J=8.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.08–2.98 (m, 1H) , 2.97–2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.86 –2.75 (m, 1H) , 2.51–2.39 (m, 1H) .
[0264] Step 6: (S) -5-phenyl-2, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazol-3-one; (R) -5-phenyl-2, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazol-3-one
[0265] The 16g racemic 5-phenyl-2, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazol-3-one was purified by Chiral-HPLC to obtain an S-isomer and R-isomer with the following conditions: Column: CHRALPAK IG, 5cm×25cm, 5um; Mobile Phase A: CO2; Mobile Phase B: MeOH; Flow rate: 200g / min; Detector: 220nm. One of the isomers was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford white solid (6.384g, 39.9%yield, retention time=1.719 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ9.09 (s, 1H) , 7.42-7.27 (m, 3H) , 7.23-7.16 (m, 2H) , 5.25-5.17 (m, 1H) , 3.15-2.72 (m, 3H) , 2.50-2.39 (m, 1H) . The other isomer was also collected (6.36 g, 39.8%yield, retention time=1.114 min, white solid) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ11.27 (s, 1H) , 7.41–7.26 (m, 3H) , 7.25-7.17 (m, 2H) , 5.15 (dd, J=8.2, 4.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.01-2.89 (m, 1H) , 2.87 –2.65 (m, 2H) , 2.30-2.20 (m, 1H) .
[0266] Intermediate 2: N- ( (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methyl-d2) hydroxylamine
[0267] Step 1: (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methan-d2-amine
[0268] To a stirred solution of lithium aluminum deuteride or LiALD4 (1.0 g, 24.82 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added 3, 5-difluorobenzonitrile (1.15 g, 8.27 mmol) at 0℃ under N2 atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred at 70℃ for additional 16 hrs. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water (10 mL) and 1 N NaOH (5 mL) at 0℃. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x 50 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (60 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and after filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methan-d2-amine (1.1 g, 81.5%yield) as a light-yellow oil. LC-MS (m / z) 146.2 [M+H] +.
[0269] Step 2: 2- ( ( (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methyl-d2) amino) acetonitrile
[0270] (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methan-d2-amine (890 mg, 6.13 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.58 g, 12.26 mmol) were mixed in acetonitrile (20 mL) . After stirring the solution for 5 mins, bromoacetonitrile (810 mg, 6.74 mmol) was added via syringe over 10 mins. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature until completion of the reaction. The mixture was then concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give a white solid, to which was added saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution (10 mL) ; the suspension was extracted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) (10 mL) . The organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL) , and the combined aqueous phases are back-extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 x10 mL) . The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The product (564.5 mg, 50%yield) was purified by prep-TLC. LC-MS (m / z) : 185.2 [M+H] +.
[0271] Step 3: (Z) -1-cyano-N- ( (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methyl-d2) methanimine oxide
[0272] A solution of 2- ( ( (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methyl-d2) amino) acetonitrile (365 mg, 1.98 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (20 mL) was cooled in an ice bath. m-Chloroperbenzoic acid (800 mg, 4.75 mmol) was added in portions over 30 mins. After completion of the addition, the ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature. When the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled in an ice bath again, and aqueous sodium thiosulfate and saturated NaHCO3 (20mL) were added. The resulting slurry was stirred vigorously for 15 min until the white solid completely dissolved. The two-phase solution was separated using a separatory funnel. The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (10 mL) . The organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL) , and the combined aqueous phases were back-extracted with CH2Cl2 (3x 10 mL) . The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The product (255 mg, 65%yield) was purified by prep-TLC. LC-MS (m / z) : 199.2 [M+H] +.
[0273] Step 4: N- ( (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methyl-d2) hydroxylamine
[0274] (Z) -1-cyano-N- ( (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methyl-d2) methanimine oxide (255 mg, 1.287 mmoL) was dissolved in methanol (130 mL) . After addition of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (446.8 mg, 6.434mmol) in one portion at ambient temperature, the mixture was warmed to 60℃ and stirred at that temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with CH2Cl2 (20mL) . After stirring for 5 min, the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and the filter cake was washed with CH2Cl2 (10 mL) . The filtrate was neutralized with saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL) and partitioned. The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (10 mL) . The organic phase was washed with brine (100 mL) , and the combined aqueous phases were back-extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 x 10 mL) . The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The product (134.8 mg, 65%yield) purified by prep-TLC. LC-MS (m / z) : 162.2 [M+H] +.
[0275] Intermediate 3: 5- (3-fluorophenyl) hexahydro-3H-pyrrolo [1, 2-c] imidazol-3-one
[0276] Step 1: methyl 5- (3-fluorophenyl) -1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate
[0277] To a solution of methyl 5- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) -1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylat (4 g, 0.02 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane / H2O (50 mL, v: v=5: 1) stirred under nitrogen was added 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene (3.5 g, 0.02 mol) , K3PO4 (6.75 g, 0.03 mol) and Pd (dppf) Cl2 (1.16 g, 0.002 mol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water (100 mL) and filtrated. The filtrate was extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE / EA=10: 1-5: 1) to give methyl 5- (3-fluorophenyl) -1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (3.53 g, 80.5%yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 220.2 [M+H] +.
[0278] Step 2: 1- (tert-butyl) 2-methyl 5- (3-fluorophenyl) -1H-pyrrole-1, 2-dicarboxylate
[0279] To a solution of methyl 5- (3-fluorophenyl) -1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (4.38 g, 0.02 mol) in DCM (50 mL) were added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (9.71 g, 0.04 mol) , TEA (5.4 g, 0.05 mol) and DMAP (1.09 g, 0.01 mol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 16 hours. The mixture was poured into water (100 mL) and extracted with DCM (30 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE / EA=20: 1-10: 1) to give 1- (tert-butyl) 2-methyl 5- (3-fluorophenyl) -1H-pyrrole-1, 2-dicarboxylate (5.026 g, 78.7%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 342.2 [M+Na] +.
[0280] Step 3: 1- (tert-butyl) 2-methyl 5- (3-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-1, 2-dicarboxylate
[0281] To a solution of 1- (tert-butyl) 2-methyl 5- (3-fluorophenyl) -1H-pyrrole-1, 2-dicarboxylate (3.234 g, 0.01 mol) in MeOH (50 mL) was added Pd / C (2.7 g, 0.003 mol) . The reaction mixture was stirred under 0.6 MPa hydrogen at 25℃ for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM / MeOH=50: 1) to give 1- (tert-butyl) 2-methyl 5- (3-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-1, 2-dicarboxylate (1.3 g, 40.2%yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (m / z) : 324.3 [M+H] +.
[0282] Step 4: 1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -5- (3-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
[0283] To a solution of 1- (tert-butyl) 2-methyl 5- (3-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-1, 2-dicarboxylate (1.617 g,0.005 mol) in MeOH / H2O (20mL, v: v=5: 1) was added NaOH (0.36 g, 0.01 mol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and adjusted to pH=5 with 2N HCl. The mixture was extracted with EA (20mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -5- (3-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (0.85 g, 55%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 310.4 [M+H] +.
[0284] Step 5: 5- (3-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
[0285] A solution of 1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -5- (3-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (850 mg, 2.748 mmol) in 2N HCl / 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 25℃ for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in H2O (10 mL) and adjusted to pH=7 with sat. Na2CO3. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo to give 5- (3-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (1 g, crude) as a yellow solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 210.3 [M+H] +.
[0286] Step 6: 5- (3-fluorophenyl) tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo [1, 2-c] imidazole-1, 3 (2H) -dione To a solution of 5- (3-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (1 g, 0.0048 mol) in H2O (10 mL) was added urea (4.92 g, 0.08 mol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and con. H2SO4 (5 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 16 hours. The mixture was adjusted to pH=8 with sat. Na2CO3 and extracted with EA (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo to give 5- (3-fluorophenyl) tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo [1, 2-c] imidazole-1, 3 (2H) -dione (0.303 g, 27.0%yield) as yellow oil. LC-MS (m / z) : 235.3 [M+H] +.
[0287] Step 7: 5- (3-fluorophenyl) hexahydro-3H-pyrrolo [1, 2-c] imidazol-3-one
[0288] To a solution of 5- (3-fluorophenyl) tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo [1, 2-c] imidazole-1, 3 (2H) -dione (300 mg,1.28 mmol) in THF (10 mL) stirred under nitrogen was added LiAlH4 (146 mg, 3.84 mmol) at 25℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 16h. The mixture was quenched with Na2SO4.10H2O (1 g) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM / MeOH=10: 1) to give 5- (3-fluorophenyl) hexahydro-3H-pyrrolo [1, 2-c] imidazol-3-one (120 mg, 42.2%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 221.1 [M+H] +.
[0289] The synthesis of the following intermediate was similar to that of intermediate 3:
[0290] Intermediate 4: 4-phenyl-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [d] [1, 2, 3] triazole
[0291] Step 1: 2-phenylcyclopentan-1-one
[0292] To a solution of bromobenzene (1.20 eq, 8.91g, 57.1 mmol) in 1, 4-Dioxane (200mL) were added cyclopentanone (1.00 eq, 4000 mg, 47.6 mmol) , tris- (o-tolyl) phosphine (0.1000 eq, 1446 mg, 4.76 mmol) , tert-Octylamine (0.300 eq, 1840 mg, 14.3 mmol) , Pd (OAc) 2 (0.0500 eq, 533 mg, 2.38 mmol) , pyrrolidine (0.300 eq, 1015 mg, 14.3 mmol) , and sodium acetate (1.00 eq, 3899 mg, 47.6 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred for 18 hours at 110 ℃ under nitrogen. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (300ml) and the organics were washed with 2 x100 ml water and then 1 x100 ml saturated brine solution. The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography eluting 15%EtOAc in Isohexane to afford 2-phenylcyclopentan-1-one (2200 mg, 13.8 mmol, 28.94%yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (m / z) : 161.2 [M+H] +;
[0293] Step 2: 1- (4-methoxybenzyl) -6-phenyl-1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [d] [1, 2, 3] triazole
[0294] To a solution of 2-phenylcyclopentan-1-one (1.00 eq, 1600 mg, 9.99 mmol) in Toluene (25mL) , were added diazonio- (4-nitrophenyl) azanide (1.00 eq, 164 0mg, 9.99 mmol) , 4-Methoxybenzylamine (1.50 eq, 2060 mg, 15.0 mmol) , molecular sieves (200 mg) , and acetic acid (1mL) , and the mixture was stirred for 1 hours at 110 ℃ under nitrogen. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (100ml) and the organics were washed with 2 x50 ml water and then 1 x50 ml saturated brine solution. The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography eluting 30%EtOAc in Isohexane to afford 1- (4-methoxybenzyl) -6-phenyl-1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [d] [1, 2, 3] triazole (527 mg, 1.73 mmol, 17.34%yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 306.2 [M+H] +;
[0295] Step 3: 4-phenyl-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [d] [1, 2, 3] triazole
[0296] To a solution of 1- (4-methoxybenzyl) -6-phenyl-1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [d] [1, 2, 3] triazole (1.00 eq, 500mg, 1.63 mmol) in toluene (10mL) was added AlCl3 (3.00 eq, 654mg, 4.92 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 80 ℃. The reaction was taken up in EtOAc (200ml) and the organics were washed with 2 x100 ml water and then 1 x100 ml saturated brine solution. The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography eluting 25%EtOAc in hexane to afford 4-phenyl-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [d] [1, 2, 3] triazole (217 mg, 1.17 mmol, 71.60%yield) as a brown solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 186.2 [M+H] +;
[0297] The synthesis of the following intermediate was similar to that of intermediate 4:
[0298] Intermediate 5: 3- (4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) -5-fluoro-benzonitrile
[0299] Step 1: 3-fluoro-5- [ (E) -3-oxoprop-1-enyl] benzonitrile
[0300] To a solution of 3-Fluoro-5-formylbenzonitrile (1.00 eq, 2000 mg, 13.4 mmol) in THF (20mL) was added 2- (Triphenylphosphoranylidene) acetaldehyde (1.10 eq, 4490 mg, 14.8 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 18 hours under nitrogen. The reaction was concentrated to dryness. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography eluting 15%EtOAc in hexane to afford 3-fluoro-5- [ (E) -3-oxoprop-1-enyl] benzonitrile (1500 mg, 8.14 mmol, 60.66%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 176.2 [M+H] +;
[0301] Step 2: 3- (4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) -5-fluoro-benzonitrile
[0302] To a solution of hydrazinium hydroxide solution (10 mL, 80wt%) in tert-butanol (50 mL) was added 3-fluoro-5- [ (E) -3-oxoprop-1-enyl] benzonitrile (1.00 eq, 500 mg, 2.85 mmol) in tert-butanol (50mL) at 80 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hours under nitrogen. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (200 ml) and the organics were washed with water (2 x100 ml) and then saturated brine solution (1 x100 ml) . The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting 50%EtOAc in Isohexane to afford 3- (4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) -5-fluoro-benzonitrile (300 mg, 1.43 mmol, 50.00%yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (m / z) : 190.2 [M+H] +;
[0303] The synthesis of the following intermediates were similar to that of 3- (4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) -5-fluoro-benzonitrile:
[0304] Compound 1: cis-N- (3-cyano-1-bicyclo [1.1.1] pentanyl) -7-fluoro-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxamide
[0305] Step 1: methyl 3-phenyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate
[0306] To a solution of (E) -benzaldehyde oxime (20.0 g, 165.1 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (500 mL) were added methyl acrylate (14.2 g, 165.1 mmol) , sodium iodide (24.7 g, 165.1 mmol) , 2, 6-lutidine (17.6 g, 165.1 mmol) and tert-Butyl Hypochlorite (17.9 g, 165.1 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 24 hours and subsequently concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 100-200 mesh, 0 to 20%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford methyl 3-phenyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate as a yellow solid (25.0 g, 74%) . LC-MS (m / z) : 206.2 [M+H] +.
[0307] Step 2: 3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one
[0308] A mixture of methyl 3-phenyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate (25.0 g, 121.8 mmol) and palladium (10%on carbon, 2.5 g) in ethanol (800 mL) was hydrogenated (50 psi) at 25 ℃ for 2 hours and then filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude 3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one as a yellow solid (18.0 g, 83%) , used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS (m / z) : 178.2 [M+H] +.
[0309] Step 3: cis-3- [tert-butyl (dimethyl) silyl] oxy-5-phenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one and trans-3- [tert-butyl (dimethyl) silyl] oxy-5-phenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one
[0310] To a solution of 3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one (15.0 g, 84.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (300 mL) was added tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (19.1 g, 126.9 mmol) and imidazole (11.5 g, 169.3 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 hours and subsequently concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 100-200mesh, 0 to 30%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford cis-3- [tert-butyl (dimethyl) silyl] oxy-5-phenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one (12.4g, 51%yield) . LC-MS (m / z) : 292.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.37–7.25 (m, 5H) , 4.88–4.53 (m,1H) , 4.54-4.46 (m, 1H) , 2.89–2.79 (m, 1H) , 1.80–1.71 (m, 1H) , 0.93–0.90 (m, 9H) , 0.19 –0.12 (m, 6H) . And trans-3- [tert-butyl (dimethyl) silyI] oxy-5-phenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one as a colorless oil (9.3 g, 38%yield) . LC-MS (m / z) : 292.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.44–7.34 (m, 2H) , 7.29–7.24 (m, 3H) , 4.87–4.80 (m, 1H) , 4.44–4.41 (m, 1H) , 2.45–2.37 (m, 1H) , 2.27–2.22 (m, 1H) , 0.93–0.90 (m, 9H) , 0.16–0.13 (m, 6H) .
[0311] Step 4: trans- (3R, 5S) -1-amino-3- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -5-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one
[0312] To a solution of tans-3- [tert-butyl (dimethyl) silyl] oxy-5-phenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one (7.0 g, 24.0 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (200 mL) was added sodium hydride (1.44 g, 36.0 mmol) at 0 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 20 minutes. Then o- (diphenylphosphoryl) hydroxylamine (8.40 g, 36.03 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 hours. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford trans- (3R, 5S) -1-amino-3- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -5-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one (7.0 g, 95.1%yield) as a yellow oil, used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS (m / z) : 307.2 [M+H] +;
[0313] Step 5: trans-ethyl 2- (3- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -2-oxo-5-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl) amino) -2-iminoacetate
[0314] To a solution of trans-1-amino-3- [tert-butyl (dimethyl) silyI] oxy-5-phenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one (7.0 g, 22.8mmol) in ethanol (150 mL) was added ethyl 2-ethoxy-2-imino-acetate (6.63 g, 45.7 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 16 hours and subsequently concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude trans-ethyl 2- (3- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -2-oxo-5-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl) amino) -2-iminoacetate (8.50 g, 92%yield) as a yellow oil, used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS (m / z) : 406.2 [M+H] +;
[0315] Step 6: trans-ethyl 7- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] tri azole-2-carboxylate
[0316] To a solution of ethyl 2- [ [trans-3- [tert butyl (dimethyl) silyI] oxy-2-oxo-5-phenyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl] amino] -2-imino-acetate (8.5 g, 21.0 mmol) in toluene (100 mL) was added p-toluenesulfonic acid (4.4 g, 25.2 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 16 h and subsequently concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude trans-ethyl 7- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] tri azole-2-carboxylate (7.5 g, 92.3%yield) as a yellow oil, used in the next step without further purification; LC-MS (m / z) : 388.2 [M+H] +;
[0317] Step 7: trans-ethyl 7-hydroxy-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxylate
[0318] To a solution of ethyl trans-7- [tert-butyl (dimethyl) silyl] oxy-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxylate (7.0 g, 18.06mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (120 mL) was added tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1N in THF, 18.06 mL, 18.06 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 3 hours and subsequently concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude trans-ethyl 7-hydroxy-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxylate (3.5 g, 57%yield) as a yellow oil, used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS (m / z) : 274.2 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.39–7.35 (m, 3H) , 7.14–7.12 (m, 2H) , 5.73–5.70 (m, 1H) , 5.54–5.51 (m, 1H) , 4.47–4.40 (m, 2H) , 3.24–3.21 (m, 1H) , 3.05–3.00 (m, 1H) , 1.41–1.36 (m, 3H) .
[0319] Step 8: cis-ethyl-7-fluoro-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxylate
[0320] To a solution of trans-ethyl 7-hydroxy-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxylate (1000 mg, 3.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (1769 mg, 11.0 mmol) at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 hours and subsequently quenched by addition of water (20mL) . The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL) , brine (20 mL) , dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (50%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether, Rf=0.5) to afford cis-ethyl-7-fluoro-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxylate (540 mg, 54%yield) as a light yellow oil. LC-MS (m / z) : 276.2 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.44–7.31 (m, 3H) , 7.25–7.17 (m, 2H) , 6.09 (dd, J=1.2 Hz, 7.2 Hz,1H) , 5.95 (dd, J=1.2 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.52–5.47 (m, 1H) , 4.53–4.37 (m, 2H) , 3.74–3.54 (m,1H) , 3.05–2.82 (m, 1H) , 1.48–1.33 (m, 3H) .
[0321] Step 9: cis-7-fluoro-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxylic acid
[0322] To a solution of cis-ethyl-7-fluoro-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxylate (540 mg, 2.00mol) in THF (30mL) , MeOH (5 mL) and water (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (250mg, 5.90 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hours and subsequently concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was adjusted to pH=5 by addition of hydrochloric acid (2 N) . The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (50mL) , brine (50 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude cis-7-fluoro-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxylic acid (450 mg, 93%yield) as a white solid, used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS (m / z) : 248.2 [M+H] +.
[0323] Step 10: cis-N- (3-cyano-1-bicyclo [1.1.1] pentanyl) -cis-7-fluoro-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxamide
[0324] To a solution of cis-7-fluoro-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxylic acid (1.00 eq, 80 mg, 0.324 mmol) in DMF (5mL) were added HATU (1.20 eq, 148 mg, 0.388 mmol) , DIPEA (2.00 eq, 83 mg, 0.647 mmol) , and 3-aminobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (2.00 eq, 70 mg, 0.647 mmol) . The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 20 ℃. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (50 ml) and the organics washed with 1 x50 ml water then 1 x 50ml saturated brine solution. The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (H2O: ACN=30: 70~100: 0; collect products at 60%ACN) to afford cis-N- (3-cyano-1-bicyclo [1.1.1] pentanyl) -cis-7-fluoro-5-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b] [1, 2, 4] triazole-2-carboxamide (108 mg, 0.304 mmol, 93.99%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 338.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.48 (brs, 1H) , 7.41–7.34 (m, 3H) , 7.24–7.19 (m, 2H) , 6.06 (dd, J=7.2, 1.6 Hz, 0.5H) , 5.92 (dd, J=7.2, 1.6 Hz, 0.5H) , 5.50–5.43 (m, 1H) , 3.72–3.56 (m, 1H) , 3.01–2.88 (m, 1H) , 2.65 (s, 6H) .
[0325] Compound 2: 3- (5- (3-fluorophenyl) -3-oxotetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo [1, 2-c] imidazol-2 (3H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0326] A 100mL round-bottom flask was charged with3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (1.00 eq, 160.5 mg, 1.17 mmol) , [acetoxy- (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) -λ3-iodanyl] acetate (0.500 eq, 214.9 mg, 0.59 mmol) and20 mL toluene. The flask was attached to a rotary evaporator with the water bath heated to 50℃ and the solvent (and the generated acetic acid) was removed over ca.10 min. A second 20 mL aliquot of toluene was added to the flask and the evaporation was repeated. The evaporation was repeated two more times. After further removal of residual toluene under high vacuum, the crude product can be directly used in the following amination reactions. The crude product, copper acetylacetonate (0.500 eq, 154 mg, 0.59 mmol) , 5- (3-fluorophenyl) hexahydro-3H-pyrrolo [1, 2-c] imidazol-3-one (1.00 eq, 257.7 mg, 1.17 mmol) , and [Ir (dtbbpy) [dF (CF3) ppy] 2] PF6 (0.050 eq, 60 mg, 0.059 mmol) were added to an oven-dried 40 mL vial equipped with a stir bar and placed under an N2 atmosphere. Degassed 1, 4-Dioxane (25mL) was added followed by DBU (1.50 eq, 0.27 mL, 1.76 mmol) and the vial was placed inside the integrated photoreactor (450 nm, 25%light intensity, 5200 rpm fans, 500 rpm stirring, single vial holder, 16 hrs) . The reactions were concentrated and purified via automatic silica gel column chromatography (eluent: gradient from 0to 100%EtOAc in hexane) to afford compound 2 (17.5 mg, 4.8%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) 312.3 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.33–7.31 (m, 1H) , 7.15–6.97 (m, 2H) , 6.91 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.83 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.86 (s, 1H) , 3.60 (td, J=8.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.28 (dt, J=9.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.67–2.44 (m, 8H) , 2.09 (dt, J=12.7, 6.1 Hz, 1H) , 1.98–1.75 (m, 1H) .
[0327] Compound 3: 3- (5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -3-oxotetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo [1, 2-c] imidazol-2 (3H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0328] The titled compound 3 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 5.2%according to the procedure outlined for compound 2. LC-MS (m / z) 330.3 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ6.84 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H) , 6.66 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 1H) , 4.80 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.83 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.61 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 1H) , 3.29 (dd, J=9.0, 2.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.60–2.39 (m, 8H) , 2.09 (dq, J=10.0, 5.4, 4.8 Hz, 1H) , 1.81 (tt, J=13.1, 7.3 Hz, 1H) .
[0329] Compound 4: 3- (2-benzyl-3-chloro-7-oxo-2, 4, 5, 7-tetrahydro-6H-pyrazolo [3, 4-c] pyridin-6-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0330] Step 1: Synthesis of ethyl 1-benzyl-5-chloro-4- (2-oxoethyl) pyrazole-3-carboxylate
[0331] To a solution of ethyl 1-benzyl-5-chloro-4- [ (E) -2-methoxyvinyl] pyrazole-3-carboxylate (1.00 eq,500 mg, 1.56 mmol) in THF (10mL) was added HCl (6N, 4.0 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 2 hours. The reaction was taken up in EtOAc (50 ml) and the organics were washed with water (2 x 30ml) and then saturated brine solution (1 x 30ml) . The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude ethyl 1-benzyl-5-chloro-4- (2-oxoethyl) pyrazole-3-carboxylate (400 mg) was then used for the next step without purification. LC-MS (m / z) : 307.2 [M+H] +.
[0332] Step 2: Synthesis of ethyl 1-benzyl-5-chloro-4- [2- [ (3-cyano-1-bicyclo [1.1.1] pentanyl) amino] ethyl] pyrazole-3-carboxylate
[0333] To a solution of ethyl 1-benzyl-5-chloro-4- (2-oxoethyl) pyrazole-3-carboxylate (1.00 eq, 400mg, 1.30 mmol) in acetic acid (0.50 mL) and methanol (10 mL) were added 3-aminobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (1.00 eq, 141 mg, 1.30 mmol) and borane-2-picoline complex (1.00 eq, 139 mg, 1.30 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at20 ℃ for 1 hour. The reaction was taken up in EtOAc (50 mL) and the organics were washed with water (2 x 30 mL) and then saturated brine solution (1 x 30mL) . The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography eluting 40%EtOAc in isohexane. The desired fractions were concentrated to dryness in vacuo to afford ethyl 1-benzyl-5-chloro-4- [2- [ (3-cyano-1-bicyclo [1.1.1] pentanyl) amino] ethyl] pyrazole-3-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.251 mmol, 19.22%yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (m / z) : 399.2 [M+H] +;
[0334] Step 3: Synthesis of 3- (2-benzyl-3-chloro-7-oxo-4, 5-dihydropyrazolo [3, 4-c] pyridin-6-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0335] To a solution of ethyl 1-benzyl-5-chloro-4- [2- [ (3-cyano-1-bicyclo [1.1.1] pentanyl) amino] ethyl] pyrazole-3-carboxylate (1.00 eq, 100 mg, 0.251 mmol) in Toluene (5mL) was added trimethylaluminium (1.00 eq, 2.0 mL, 2M) . The mixture was stirred at 30 ℃ for 1 hours. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (50 ml) and the organics were washed with 1 x50 ml water and then 1 x 50ml saturated brine solution. The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (H2O: ACN=30: 70~100: 0; collect products at 60%ACN) to afford 3- (2-benzyl-3-chloro-7-oxo-4, 5-dihydropyrazolo [3, 4-c] pyridin-6-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (7.0 mg, 0.0188 mmol, 7.52%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 353.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.34–7.27 (m, 5H) , 5.37 (s, 2H) , 3.48 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.72 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H) , 2.70–2.68 (m, 6H) .
[0336] Compound 5: (S) -3- (3-phenylisoxazolidine-2-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0337] To a solution of 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (1.00 eq, 64 mg, 0.469 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added (3S) -3-phenylisoxazolidine (1.00 eq, 70 mg, 0.469 mmol) , HATU (1.50 eq, 268 mg, 0.704 mmol) and DIPEA (2.00 eq, 122 mg, 0.938 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 30 minutes. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (50 mL) and the organics were washed with water (1 x 50 ml) and saturated brine solution (1 x 50 ml) . The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (H2O: ACN=30: 70~100: 0; collect products at 60%ACN) to afford (S) -3- (3-phenylisoxazolidine-2-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (40 mg, 0.142 mmol, 30.18%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 269.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.37–7.31 (m, 2H) , 7.29–7.26 (m, 3H) , 5.37 (dd, J=8.8, 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.32–4.23 (m, 1H) , 3.85 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.89–2.77 (m, 1H) , 2.58 (s, 6H) , 2.44–2.31 (m, 1H) .
[0338] Compound 6: (S) -N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -3-phenylisoxazolidine-2-carboxamide
[0339] To a solution of (3S) -3-phenylisoxazolidine (1.00 eq, 80 mg, 0.536 mmol) in THF (5mL) were added TEA (2.00 eq, 0.15 mL, 1.07 mmol) and CDI (1.00 eq, 87 mg, 0.536 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 30 minutes. To this solution was added 3-aminobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (1.00 eq, 58 mg, 0.536 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for another 30 minutes. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (50 ml) and the organics were washed with water (1 x50 ml) and saturated brine solution (1 x 50ml) . The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (H2O: ACN=30: 70~100: 0; collect products at 60%ACN) to afford (S) -N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -3-phenylisoxazolidine-2-carboxamide (7.8 mg, 0.0262 mmol, 4.88%yield) . LC-MS (m / z) : 284.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.37–7.30 (m, 4H) , 7.25–7.22 (m, 1H) , 6.41 (brs, 1H) , 5.35 (dd, J=8.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.21–4.12 (m, 1H) , 3.88–3.77 (m, 1H) , 2.83–2.71 (m, 1H) , 2.55 (s, 6H) , 2.42–2.29 (m, 1H) .
[0340] Compound 7: 5-benzyl-N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide
[0341] Step 1: lithium 5-benzyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylate
[0342] ethyl 5-benzyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylate (1.161 g, 0.005 mol) was dissolved in 10 mL THF / MeOH / H2O (v / v / v=2 / 1 / 1) . Lithium hydroxide hydrate (0.208g, 0.005 mol) was added to the solution at 25℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 16 hrs. The solvent was evaporated to half of the volume and the mixture was lyophilized to give a white solid. It was used for the next step without further purification. LC-MS (m / z) 205.2 [M+H] +
[0343] Step 2: 5-benzyl-N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide
[0344] To a solution of lithium 5-benzyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylate (1.00 eq, 83 mg, 0.392 mmol) in DMF (5mL) were added HATU (1.20 eq, 179 mg, 0.470 mmol) , DIPEA (2.00 eq, 101 mg, 0.784 mmol) and 3-aminobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (2.00 eq, 85 mg, 0.784 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 30 minutes. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (50 ml) . The organics were washed with water (1 x50 ml) and saturated brine solution (1 x 50ml) . The organics were separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (H2O: ACN=30: 70~100: 0; collect products at 60%ACN) to afford 5-benzyl-N- (3-cyano-1-bicyclo [1.1.1] pentanyl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide (20 mg, 0.0646 mmol, 16.48%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) 295.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.51–7.44 (m, 1H) , 7.38–7.28 (m, 5H) , 4.26 (s, 2H) , 2.66 (s, 6H) .
[0345] Compound 8: 3-benzyl-N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-carboxamide
[0346] The titled compound 8 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 4%according to the procedure outlined for compound 7. LC-MS (m / z) : 294.13 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ7.28 (dp, J=13.1, 7.2 Hz, 5H) , 3.14 (s, 2H) , 2.62 (s, 6H) .
[0347] Compound 9: 1-benzyl-N- (3- (trifluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide
[0348] The titled compound 9 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 40.1%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. LC-MS (m / z) 336.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.76 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.41–7.29 (m, 3H) , 7.25–7.21 (m, 2H) , 6.09 (brs, 1H) , 5.30 (s, 2H) , 2.36 (s, 6H) .
[0349] Compound 10: 1-benzyl-N- (3- (trifluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide
[0350] The titled compound 10 was prepared as a light yellow solid in a yield of 50.1%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. LC-MS (m / z) 336.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.40–7.31 (m, 4H) , 7.21–7.14 (m, 2H) , 6.81 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H) , 5.30 (s, 2H) , 2.39 (s, 6H) .
[0351] Compound 11: 1-benzyl-4-chloro-N- (3- (trifluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide
[0352] The titled compound 11 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 46.9%according to the procedure outlined for compound5. LC-MS (m / z) 370.3 [M] +; 1H NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.44-7.34 (m, 4H) , 7.22–7.18 (m, 3H) , 5.24 (s, 2H) , 2.40 (s, 6H) .
[0353] Compound 12: 3- (4-benzyl-5-oxo-4, 5-dihydro-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0354] Step 1: Synthesis of methyl 3- (4-benzyl-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate
[0355] A 100 mL round-bottom flask was charged with 3-methoxycarbonylbicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (1.00 eq, 400 mg, 2.35 mmol) , [acetoxy- (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) -λ3-iodanyl] acetate (0.500 eq, 428 mg, 1.18 mmol) and 20 mL toluene. The flask was attached to a rotary evaporator with a water bath heated to 50℃ and the solvent (and the generated acetic acid) was removed over ca. 10 min. A second 20 mL aliquot of toluene was added to the flask and the evaporation was repeated. The evaporation was repeated two more times. After further removal of residual toluene under high vacuum, the crude product were directly used in the following amination reactions. The crude product, copper acetylacetonate (0.500 eq, 308 mg, 1.18 mmol) , 4-benzyl-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-one (1.00 eq, 412 mg, 2.35 mmol) , and [Ir (dtbbpy) [dF (CF3) ppy] 2] PF6 (0.0500 eq, 119 mg, 0.118 mmol) were added to an oven-dried 40 mL vial equipped with a stir bar and placed under an N2 atmosphere. Degassed 1, 4-Dioxane (25mL) was added followed by DBU (1.50 eq, 0.53 mL, 3.53 mmol) and the vial was placed inside the integrated photoreactor (450 nm, 25%light intensity, 5200 rpm fans, 500 rpm stirring, single vial holder, 120 min) . The reactions were concentrated and purified via automatic silica gel column chromatography (eluent: gradient from 0to 100%EtOAc in hexane) to afford methyl 3- (4-benzyl-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (350 mg, 1.11 mmol, 47.26%yield) as a green oil. LC-MS (m / z) 300.2 [M+H] +.
[0356] Step 2: Synthesis of 3- (4-benzyl-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxamide
[0357] To the solution of methyl 3- (4-benzyl-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (1.00 eq, 350 mg, 1.17 mmol) in methanol (3mL) was added NH3 in MeOH (10mL, 7 M) . The mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the crude 3- (4-benzyl-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxamide (200 mg, 0.668 mmol, 57.15%yield) as a white solid was used for the next step reaction without further purification. LC-MS (m / z) 285.2 [M+H] +.
[0358] Step 3: Synthesis of 3- (4-benzyl-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0359] To a solution of 3- (4-benzyl-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxamide (1.00 eq, 200 mg, 0.703 mmol) in THF (5mL) was added burgess reagent (2.00 eq, 335 mg, 1.41 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (50ml) . The organics were washed with water (2 x20 ml) and saturated brine solution (1 x20 ml) . The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography eluting 50%EtOAc in isohexane to afford 3- (4-benzyl-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (110 mg, 0.392 mmol, 55.78%yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (m / z) : 267.2 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.41–7.34 (m, 3H) , 7.30–7.27 (m, 2H) , 7.25 (s, 1H) , 4.73 (s, 2H) , 2.76 (s, 6H) .
[0360] Compound 13: 3- (4-benzyl-3-chloro-5-oxo-4, 5-dihydro-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0361] The titled compound 13 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 48.3%according to the procedure outlined for compound 12. LC-MS (m / z) : 301.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.43–7.31 (m, 5H) , 4.80 (s, 2H) , 2.74 (s, 6H) .
[0362] Compound 14: 3- (4-benzyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4, 5-dihydro-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0363] The titled compound 14 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 38.1%according to the procedure outlined for compound 12. LC-MS (m / z) 281.3 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.39–7.29 (m, 3H) , 7.25-7.21 (m, 2H) , 4.75 (s, 2H) , 2.76 (s, 6H) , 2.09 (s, 3H) .
[0364] Compound 15: 4- ( (1- (3- (difluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -5-oxo-1, 5-dihydro-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-4-yl) methyl) benzonitrile
[0365] Step 1: Synthesis of bis ( (3- (difluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) oxy) (mesityl) -l3-iodane
[0366] A 25 mL round-bottom flask was charged with 3- (difluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (1.00 eq, 50 mg, 0.308 mmol) , [acetoxy- (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) -λ3-iodanyl] acetate (0.500 eq, 56 mg, 0.154 mmol) and 5 mL toluene. The flask was attached to a rotary evaporator with a water bath heated to 60℃ and the solvent (and the generated acetic acid) was removed over ca. 10 min. A second 5 mL aliquot of toluene was added to the flask and the evaporation was repeated. The evaporation was repeated two more times. After further removal of residual toluene under high vacuum, the crude product were directly used in the following amination reactions.
[0367] Step 2: Synthesis of 4- ( (1- (3- (difluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -5-oxo-1, 5-dihydro-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-4-yl) methyl) benzonitrile
[0368] The above residue in 5mL dioxane solution was added to a mixture of Cu (acac) 2 (0.400 eq, 32 mg,0.123 mmol) , Ir (dF-CF3-ppy) 2 (dtbbpy) PF6 (0.0350 eq, 12 mg, 0.0108 mmol) , and 4- [ (5-oxo-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-4-yl) methyl] benzonitrile (0.500 eq, 31 mg, 0.154 mmol) under an N2 atmosphere. The vial was placed under blue LED under 25℃ for 16 hrs. The solvent was evaporated to dryness and purified by prep-HPLC to give the titled compound as a white solid (9.9 mg, 10.0%yield) . LC-MS (m / z) 317.3 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.68 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.41 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.34 (s, 1H) , 5.90 (t, J=60 Hz, , 1H) , 4.82 (s, 2H) , 2.42 (s, 6H) .
[0369] Compound 16: 3- (4- (2, 6-difluorobenzyl) -5-oxo-4, 5-dihydro-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0370] Step 1: 4- (2, 6-difluorobenzyl) -2, 4-dihydro-3H-l, 2, 4-triazol-3-one
[0371] 2, 4-dihydro-3H-l, 2, 4-triazol-3-one (0.41g, 0.00483 mol) was dissolved in 3 mL DMF. K2CO3 (1.38 g, 0.01 mol) was added to the solution. 2- (bromomethyl) -1, 3-difluorobenzene (1 g, 0.00483 mol) in 2 mL DMF was added dropwise to the solution at 0 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hrs. The solvent was evaporated to dryness to obtain a residue. Water was added to the residue and extracted with EA (20 mL X 3) . The organic layers were combined and evaporated to dryness to give a crude product. It was triturated with tert-Butyl methyl ether to give 0.59 g white solid. Yield: 57.9%. LC-MS (m / z) : 212.2 [M+H] +.
[0372] Step 2: 3- (4- (2, 6-difluorobenzyl) -5-oxo-4, 5-dihydro-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0373] The titled compound 16 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 10.6%according to the procedure outlined for compound 15. LC-MS (m / z) 303.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.30 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H) , 6.89 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H) , 4.77 (s, 2H) , 2.67 (s, 6H) .
[0374] Compound 17: 4-benzyl-5-chloro-2- (3- (difluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-one
[0375] The titled compound 17 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 24%according to the procedure outlined for compound 15. LC-MS (m / z) 326.08 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400MHz, MeOD) δ7.42–7.25 (m, 5H) , 6.00 (t, J=56.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.84 (s, 2H) , 2.36 (s, 6H) .
[0376] Compound 18: 4-benzyl-5- (difluoromethyl) -2- (3- (difluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-one
[0377] Step 1: 4-benzyl-5- (difluoromethyl) -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-one
[0378] N-benzylhydrazinecarboxamide (82.6 mg, 0.50 mmol) , 2, 2-difluoroacetic anhydride (435.1 mg, 2.50 mmol, 5.0 equiv. ) , and dry N, N-dimethyformamide (3.0 mL) were added into a reaction tube equipped with a stir bar. The mixture was stirred at 30℃ for 6 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL) , washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution (30 mL) , and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the resulting product were purified by column chromatography over silica gel (PE / ethyl acetate=2: 1) to give white solid (50 mg, yield: 44.4%) . LC-MS (m / z) 226.2 [M+H] +.
[0379] Step 2: 4-benzyl-5- (difluoromethyl) -2- (3- (difluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-one
[0380] The titled compound 18 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 14.8%according to the procedure outlined for compound 15. LC-MS (m / z) 342.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ7.41–7.18 (m, 5H) , 6.70 (t, J=51.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.02 (t, J=56.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.96 (s, 2H) , 2.39 (s, 6H) .
[0381] Compound 19: 4-benzyl-5-chloro-2- (3- (trifluoromethyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-one
[0382] The titled compound 19 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 10.4%according to the procedure outlined for compound15. LC-MS (m / z) 344.08 [M+H] +; 1HNMR (400MHz, MeOD) δ7.43–7.26 (m, 5H) , 4.83 (s, 2H) , 2.51 (s, 6H) .
[0383] Compound 20: 3- (3-benzyl-2-oxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0384] The titled compound 20 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 5.1%according to the procedure outlined for compound 15. LC-MS (m / z) 266.3 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ7.52–7.21 (m, 6H) , 6.09 (s, 2H) , 4.72 (s, 2H) , 2.72 (s, 6H) .
[0385] Compound 21: methyl (S) -3- (5-phenyl-3-thioxo-6, 7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazol-2 (5H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate
[0386] Step 1: (S) -5-phenyl-2, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazole-3-thione
[0387] To a solution of (S) -5-phenyl-2, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazol-3-one (1.00 eq, 201 mg, 1.00mmol, retention time=1.719 min) in toluene (5mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (2.00 eq, 810 mg, 2.05 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (100ml) and the organics were washed with water (2 x50 ml) and saturated brine solution (1 x 50ml) . The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography eluting 50%EtOAc in Isohexane to afford (S) -5-phenyl-2, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazole-3-thione (150mg, 0.69 mmol, 69.2%yield) . LC-MS (m / z) : 218.2 [M+H] +;
[0388] Step 2: methyl (S) -3- (5-phenyl-3-thioxo-6, 7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 2, 4] triazol-2 (5H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate
[0389] The titled compound 21 was prepared as a brown solid in a yield of 1.8%according to the procedure outlined for compound 12. LC-MS (m / z) : 342.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.42–F 7.33 (m, 3H) , 7.12–7.01 (m, 2H) , 5.24 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.64 (s, 3H) , 3.27–3.18 (m, 1H) , 3.14–2.90 (m, 2H) , 2.72–2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.22 (s, 6H) .
[0390] Compound 22: (S) -3- (5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0391] Step 1: di-tert-butyl (3S) -3- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -5-hydroxypyrazolidine-1, 2-dicarboxylate
[0392] To a solution of (E) -3- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) acrylaldehyde (6.564 g, 39.0 mmol) in toluene (100 mL)was added (S) -2- (diphenyl ( (trimethylsilyl) oxy) methyl) pyrrolidine (2.92 g, 8.97 mmol) followed by di-tert-butyl hydrazine-1, 2-dicarboxylate (13.6 g, 58.56 mmol) . Toluene (23 mL) was used to wash the reactants off the reaction flask wall and added to the reaction mixture. The reaction vessel was sealed under N2 and stirred at 4℃ for 7 days. The reaction mixture was loaded directly onto silica gel and purified by flash chromatography (0-100%ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title compound (7.059 g, yield: 45.2%) . LC-MS (m / z) : 401.3 [M+H] +.
[0393] Step 2: (S) -5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole
[0394] To a solution of ditert-butyl (3S) -3- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-pyrazolidine-1, 2-dicarboxylate (1.00 eq, 270 mg, 0.674 mmol) in DCM (5mL) was added TFA (5.0 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the (S) -5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole as a crude oil was used for the next step reaction without purification. LC-MS (m / z) : 183.2 [M+H] +;
[0395] Step 3: (S) -3- (5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0396] To a solution of (5S) -5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (1.00 eq, 100 mg, 0.549 mmol) in DMF (5mL) were added HATU (2.20 eq, 459 mg, 1.21 mmol) , DIPEA (3.00 eq, 212 mg,1.65 mmol) and 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (2.00 eq, 151 mg, 1.10 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (50 ml) and the organics were washed with water (1 x50 ml) and saturated brine solution (1 x 50ml) . The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (H2O: ACN=30: 70~100: 0; collect products at 60%ACN) to afford (S) -3- (5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (15 mg,0.0448 mmol, 8.16%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 302.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ6.99 (s, 1H) , 6.74–6.60 (m, 3H) , 5.27 (dd, J=12.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.45–3.33 (m, 1H) , 2.82–2.72 (m, 1H) , 2.61 (s, 6H) .
[0397] Compound 23: (S) -N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide
[0398] Step 1: (S) - (5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) (1H-imidazol-1-yl) methanone
[0399] To the solution of the 2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetic acid salt of (S) -5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (1g, 3.38 mmol) and TEA (3 mL) in 15 mL THF was added di (1H-imidazol-1-yl) methanone (602.9 mg, 3.718 mmol) . The reaction mixtures was stirred at r. t. for 16 hrs. It was evaporated to dryness and purified by column chromatography (PE / EA=1 / 1) to give white solid (724.5 mg, yield: 77.6%) . LC-MS (m / z) : 277.3 [M+H] +.
[0400] Step 2: (S) -N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide
[0401] To a solution of [ (3S) -3- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -3, 4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl] -imidazol-1-yl-methanone (1.00 eq, 150 mg, 0.543 mmol) in THF (10 mL) were added 3-aminobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (2.00 eq, 117 mg, 1.09 mmol) and 1, 4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (3.00 eq, 183 mg, 1.63 mmol) . The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was standing in 90 ℃ for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (50ml) and the organics were washed with water (1 x50 ml) and saturated brine solution (1 x 50ml) . The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (H2O: ACN=30: 70~100: 0; collect products at 60%ACN) to afford (3S) -N- (3-cyano-1-bicyclo [1.1.1] pentanyl) -3- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -3, 4-dihydropyrazole-2-carboxamide (11 mg, 0.0330 mmol, 6.08%yield) as a light yellow solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 317.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ6.83–6.77 (m, 1H) , 6.76–6.66 (m, 3H) , 6.44 (brs, 1H) , 5.19 (dd, J=12.0, 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.51–3.37 (m, 1H) , 2.82–2.68 (m, 1H) , 2.53 (s, 6H) .
[0402] Compound 24: (S) -N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -5- (2, 6-difluorophenyl) -N-methyl-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide
[0403] (S) -N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -5- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (50 mg, 0.158 mmol) was dissolved in 1 mL DMF. NaH (6.96 mg, 0.174 mmol, 60%in mineral oil) was added at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 30 mins. Then MeI(33.6 mg, 0.237 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at r. t. for 3 hrs. Water was added to quench the reaction and the mixture was extracted with EA (30 mL) . The organic layer was evaporated to dryness and purified by prep-HPLC to give the titled product as a white solid (5.5 mg, yield: 10.6%) . LC-MS (m / z) 331.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ6.76 (dd, J=16.8, 14.3 Hz, 4H) , 5.26 (t, J=10.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.32 (dd, J=17.6, 12.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.00 (s, 3H) , 2.68 (dd, J=18.0, 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.55 (s, 6H) .
[0404] Compounds 25 and 26: (S) -3- (5- (3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (25) and (R) -3- (5- (3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (26)
[0405] Step 1: 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonyl chloride
[0406] 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (0.3 g, 2.190 mmol) and solvent dichloromethane (10 mL) were added to a reaction flask, then thionyl chloride (650.6 mg, 5.47 mmol) was added dropwise and a drop of N, N-dimethylformamide was added to catalyze the reaction. The mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated directly to obtain 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonyl chloride (400 mg) , which was then used for the next step reaction without purification.
[0407] Step 2: 3- (5- (3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0408] To a solution of 3- (4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) -5-fluoro-benzonitrile (1.00 eq, 122 mg, 0.643 mmol) in DCM (5mL) was added TEA (2.00 eq, 0.18 mL, 1.29 mmol) and 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonyl chloride (1.00 eq, 100 mg, 0.643 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (50 ml) . The organics were washed with water (1 x50 ml) and saturated brine solution (1 x 50ml) . The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (H2O: ACN=30: 70~100: 0; collect products at 60%ACN) to afford 3- (5- (3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile as a white solid (100 mg) ; LC-MS (m / z) : 309.2 [M+H] +;
[0409] Step 3: (S) -3- (5- (3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile and (R) -3- (5- (3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0410] 3- (5- (3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (100 mg) was purified by Chiral-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IG (250mm*30mm, 10um) ; Mobile Phase A: CO2; Mobile Phase B: MeOH: Flow rate: 65 g / min; Gradient: B%-38.00%isocratic elution mode; back pressure: 100 bar; Detector: 220&254 nm. The fractions containing the desired product were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford two isomers: S-isomer (compound 25) and R-isomer (compound 26) .
[0411] One of the isomers: 40.1 mg, light yellow solid, 40.1%yield, retention time=1.24 min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.29–7.27 (m, 1H) , 7.25–7.22 (m, 1H) , 7.14–7.06 (m, 1H) , 7.05 –7.00 (m, 1H) , 5.31 (dd, J=12.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.45 (ddt, J=18.8, 12.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.78 (ddt, J=19.2, 5.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.62 (s, 6H) .
[0412] The other isomer: 37.4 mg, light yellow solid, 37.4%yield, retention time=1.49 min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.29–7.27 (m, 1H) , 7.25–7.23 (m, 1H) , 7.12–7.07 (m, 1H) , 7.04 –7.00 (m, 1H) , 5.35–5.24 (m, 1H) , 3.45 (ddt, J=19.2, 12.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.78 (ddt, J=18.8, 5.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.61 (s, 6H) .
[0413] Compounds 27 and 28: (S) -3- (5- (5-fluoropyridin-3-yl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (27) and (R) -3- (5- (5-fluoropyridin-3-yl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (28)
[0414] The titled compounds 27 and 28 were prepared as light yellow solids respectively according to the procedure outlined for compound25. LC-MS (m / z) : 285.2 [M+H] +; 3- (5- (5-fluoropyridin-3-yl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (80 mg) was separated by Chiral-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IG(250mm*30mm, 10um) ; Mobile Phase A: CO2; Mobile Phase B: MeOH: Flow rate: 65g / min; Gradient: B%-38.00%isocratic elution mode; back pressure: 100 bar; Detector: 220&254 nm. The fractions containing the desired product were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford two isomers: S-isomer (compound 27) and R-isomer (compound 28) .
[0415] One of the isomers was a light yellow solid (17.9%yield, retention time=1.51 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ8.38 (s, 1H) , 8.28 (s, 1H) , 7.20–7.12 (m, 1H) , 7.06–7.00 (m, 1H) , 5.35 (dd, J=12.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.45 (ddt, J=18.8, 12.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.82 (ddt, J=18.8, 5.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.62–2.57 (m, 6H) . The other isomer was also a light yellow solid (16.7%yield, retention time=2.59 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ8.51–8.24 (m, 2H) , 7.20–7.13 (m, 1H) , 7.10–7.01 (m, 1H) , 5.36 (dd, J=12.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.46 (ddt, J=18.8, 12.0, 1.6 Hz,1H) , 2.83 (ddt, J=19.2, 5.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.62–2.59 (m, 6H) .
[0416] Compounds 29 and 30: (S) -3- (5-phenyl-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (29) and (R) -3- (5-phenyl-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (30)
[0417] The titled compounds 29 and 30 were prepared as light yellow solids respectively according to the procedure outlined for compound25. LC-MS (m / z) : 266.2 [M+H] +; 3- (5- (5-fluoropyridin-3-yl) -4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (100 mg) was separated by Chiral-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IG (250mm*30mm, 10um) ; Mobile Phase A: CO2; Mobile Phase B: MeOH: Flow rate: 65g / min; Gradient: B%-38.00%isocratic elution mode; back pressure: 100 bar; Detector: 220&254 nm. The fractions containing the desired products were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford two isomers: S-isomer (compound 29) and R-isomer (compound 30) . One of the isomers was a light yellow solid (17.3%yield, retention time=1.36 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.35–7.20 (m, 3H) , 7.15–7.06 (m, 2H) , 7.00–6.92 (m, 1H) , 5.29 (tt, J =10.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.35 (td, J=16.8, 14.8, 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.78 (ddt, J=21.2, 10.8, 5.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.62–2.52 (m, 6H) . The other isomer was also a light yellow solid (13.9%yield, retention time =2.17 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.34–7.23 (m, 3H) , 7.18–7.09 (m, 2H) , 7.00–6.96 (m, 1H) , 5.31 (dd, J=11.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.38 (ddd, J=18.8, 11.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.85 –2.74 (m, 1H) , 2.60 (s, 6H) .
[0418] Compound 31: (S) -3- (2- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0419] The titled compound 31 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 60.6%according to the procedure outlined for compound 7. LC-MS (m / z) 303.4 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ6.65–6.61 (m, 3H) , 5.10 (dd, J=8.4, 3.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.69–3.56 (m, 2H) , 2.61 (s, 6H) , 2.43–2.34 (m, 1H) , 2.06-1.98 (m, 2H) , 1.96–1.87 (m, 1H) .
[0420] Compound 32: (S) -N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -2- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide
[0421] (2S) -2- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) pyrrolidine (1.00 eq, 23 mg, 0.126 mmol) , 3-aminobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (1.10 eq, 20 mg, 0.138 mmol) , CDI (1.10 eq, 22 mg, 0.138 mmol) and TEA (2.00 eq, 0.035 mL, 0.251 mmol) were mixed in THF (1mL) . The mixture was stirred at 75℃ for 16h. The solvent was evaporated to dryness and purified by Prep-HPLC to give the titled product as a white solid (8.7 mg, 21.8%yield) . LC-MS (m / z) 318.3 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ6.77–6.64 (m, 3H) , 4.84 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.68 (s, 1H) , 3.61-3.43 (m, 2H) , 2.48 (s, 6H) , 2.37-2.27 (m, 1H) , 2.00-1.89 (m, 2H) , 1.87–1.78 (m, 1H) .
[0422] Compound 33: 3- (2-phenylazetidine-1-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0423] The titled compound 33 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 24%according to the procedure outlined for compound 7. LC-MS (m / z) 253.3 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.56–7.29 (m, 5H) , 5.48–5.27 (m, 1H) , 4.35–4.05 (m, 2H) , 2.80 (dtd, J=11.1, 8.9, 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.55 (s, 1H) , 2.27–1.96 (m, 6H) .
[0424] Compound 34: 3- (2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydrobenzo [f] [1, 4] oxazepine-4-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0425] The titled compound 34 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 24%according to the procedure outlined for compound 7. LC-MS (m / z) 269.4 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.33-7.31 (m, 1H) , 7.25–7.12 (m, 1H) , 7.12–6.91 (m, 2H) , 4.61 (d, J=20.3 Hz, 2H) , 4.11 (dt, J=22.8, 4.5 Hz, 2H) , 3.93 (dt, J=19.1, 4.5 Hz, 2H) , 2.57 (d, J=33.7 Hz, 6H) .
[0426] Compound 35: N- (3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -2, 3-dihydrobenzo [f] [1, 4] oxazepine-4 (5H) -carboxamide
[0427] The titled compound 35 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 24%according to the procedure outlined for compound 32. LC-MS (m / z) 284.3 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.18–6.91 (m, 4H) , 4.89 (s, 1H) , 4.40 (s, 2H) , 4.22–4.02 (m, 2H) , 3.89–3.62 (m, 2H) , 2.48 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 6H) .
[0428] Compound 36: 3-cyano-N- ( (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methyl-d2) -N-hydroxybicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxamide
[0429] Step 1: 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonyl chloride
[0430] 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (0.3 g, 2.190 mmol) and solvent dichloromethane (10 mL) were added to a reaction flask, then thionyl chloride (650.6 mg, 5.47 mmol) was added dropwise, and a drop of N, N-dimethylformamide was added to catalyze the reaction, and then the mixture was reacted at 20℃ for 1 hours. The reaction was concentrated directly to obtain 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonyl chloride (400 mg) , which was then used into the next step reaction without purification.
[0431] Step 2: 3-cyano-N- ( (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methyl-d2) -N-hydroxybicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxamide
[0432] To a solution of N- [dideuterio- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methyl] hydroxylamine (1.00 eq, 47 mg, 0.291 mmol) in THF (5mL) , was added NaHCO3 (3.00 eq, 73 mg, 0.874 mmol) in water (1mL) , and to this was added 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonyl chloride (1.00 eq, 50 mg, 0.291 mmol) in THF dropwise at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred for 1 hours at 0 ℃. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (50 ml) and the organics were washed with 1 x50 ml water and then 1 x 50ml saturated brine solution. The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (H2O: ACN=30: 70~100: 0; collect products at 60%ACN) to afford 3-cyano-N- [dideuterio- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) methyl] -N-hydroxy-bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxamide (81 mg,0.275 mmol, 94.24%yield) as light yellow solid; LC-MS (m / z) : 281.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ6.95–6.88 (m, 1H) , 6.87–6.69 (m, 3H) , 2.59 (s, 6H) .
[0433] Compound 37: (R) -N- (1- (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl) ethyl) -3-fluorobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxamide
[0434] The titled compound 37 was prepared as a light yellow solid in a yield of 86.6%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. LC-MS (m / z) 286.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.20–7.15 (m, 2H) , 7.02–6.95 (m, 1H) , 6.35–6.28 (m, 1H) , 5.80–5.71 (m, 1H) , 2.32 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 6H) , 1.51 (d, 3H) .
[0435] Compound 38: (R) -N- (1- (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl) ethyl) -3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxamide
[0436] The titled compound 38 was prepared as a light yellow solid in a yield of 65.45%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. LC-MS (m / z) 293.2 [M+H] +; , 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.23–7.12 (m, 2H) , 7.05–6.94 (m, 1H) , 6.24 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.78–5.66 (m, 1H) , 2.46 (s, 6H) , 1.50 (d, J=7.2, 0.8 Hz, 3H) .
[0437] Compounds 39 and 40: (S) -3- (6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (39) and (R) -3- (6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (40)
[0438] Step 1: 2-phenylcyclopentan-1-one
[0439] To a solution of bromobenzene (1.20 eq, 8.91g, 57.1 mmol) in 1, 4-Dioxane (200mL) , were added cyclopentanone (1.00 eq, 4000 mg, 47.6 mmol) , tris- (o-tolyl) phosphine (0.1000 eq, 1446 mg, 4.76 mmol) , tert-Octylamine (0.300 eq, 1840 mg, 14.3 mmol) , Pd (OAc) 2 (0.0500 eq, 533 mg, 2.38 mmol) , pyrrolidine (0.300 eq, 1015 mg, 14.3 mmol) , and sodium acetate (1.00 eq, 3899 mg, 47.6 mmol) . The mixture was stirred for 18 hours at 110 ℃ under nitrogen. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (300 ml) and the organics were washed with 2 x100 ml water and then 1 x100 ml saturated brine solution. The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography eluting 15%EtOAc in Isohexane to afford 2-phenylcyclopentan-1-one (2200 mg, 13.8 mmol, 28.94%yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (m / z) : 161.2 [M+H] +.
[0440] Step 2: (Z) -2- ( (dimethylamino) methylene) -5-phenylcyclopentan-1-one
[0441] To a solution of 2-phenylcyclopentan-1-one (1.00 eq, 2200 mg, 13.8 mmol) in DMF (30mL) , was added DMF-DMA (3.00 eq, 4890 mg, 41.4 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 100 ℃ under nitrogen. The desired fractions were concentrated to dryness in vacuo and the crude oil (2500 mg) was used into the next step reaction without purification. LC-MS (m / z) : 216.2 [M+H] +.
[0442] Step 3: 6-phenyl-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazole
[0443] To a solution of (Z) -2- ( (dimethylamino) methylene) -5-phenylcyclopentan-1-one (1.00eq, 2500 mg)in Methanol (40mL) was added Hydrazinium hydroxide solution (80wt%, 20 mL) , and the mixture was stirred for 1 hours at 80 ℃. The desired fractions were concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography eluting 50%EtOAc in hexane to afford 6-phenyl-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazole (1200 mg, 6.48 mmol, 56.04 %yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 185.2 [M+H] +.
[0444] Step 4: 3- (6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0445] A 100 mL round-bottom flask was charged with [acetoxy- (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) -λ3-iodanyl] acetate (0.500 eq, 266 mg, 0.729 mmol) , 3-cyanobicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (1.00 eq, 200 mg, 1.46 mmol) , and 20 mL toluene. The flask was attached to a rotary evaporator with a water bath heated to 50℃ and the solvent (and the generated acetic acid) was removed over ca. 10 min. A second 20 mL aliquot of toluene was added to the flask and the evaporation was repeated. The evaporation was repeated two more times. After further removal of residual toluene under high vacuum, the white crude residue was obtained. It was directly used in the following amination reactions. The crude residue, 6-phenyl-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazole (0.500 eq, 134 mg, 0.729 mmol) , Ir (F-Meppy) 2 (dtbbpy) PF6 (0.0500 eq, 74 mg, 0.0729 mmol) , and Cu (acac) 2 (0.500 eq, 191 mg, 0.729 mmol) were added to an oven-dried 40 mL vial equipped with a stir bar and placed under an N2 atmosphere. Degassed 1, 4-dioxane (4mL) was added followed by DBU (1.50 eq, 0.33 mL, 2.19 mmol) and the vial was placed inside the integrated photoreactor (450 nm, 25%light intensity, 5200 rpm fans, 500 rpm stirring, single vial holder, 120min) . The reactions were concentrated and purified via automatic column chromatography using a 40 g silica column (eluent: gradient from 0 to 100%EtOAc in hexane) to afford 3- (6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (7.5mg, 0.0259 mmol, 1.77%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (m / z) : 276.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.31–7.27 (m, 2H) , 7.24–7.16 (m, 3H) , 7.08–7.04 (m, 1H) , 4.24 (dd, J=8.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.95–2.85 (m, 1H) , 2.81–2.73 (m, 1H) , 2.73 (s, 6H) , 2.69–2.59 (m, 1H) , 2.41–2.28 (m, 1H) .
[0446] Step 5: (S) -3- (6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (39) and (R) -3- (6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (40)
[0447] The 3- (6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (7.5 mg) was separated by Chiral-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IG (250mm*30mm, 10um) ; Mobile Phase A: CO2; Mobile Phase B: MeOH: Flow rate: 65g / min; Gradient: B%-38.00%isocratic elution mode; back pressure: 100 bar; Detector: 220&254 nm. The fractions containing the desired products were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford two isomers: S-isomer (compound 39) and R-isomer (compound 40) . One of the isomers was a white solid (39.4%yield, retention time=1.77 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.31–7.27 (m, 2H) , 7.24–7.16 (m, 3H) , 7.08–7.04 (m, 1H) , 4.24 (dd, J=8.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.95–2.85 (m, 1H) , 2.81–2.73 (m, 1H) , 2.73 (s, 6H) , 2.69–2.59 (m, 1H) , 2.41–2.28 (m, 1H) . The other isomer was obtained with a39.8%yield (retention time=2.18 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.33–7.29 (m, 2H) , 7.24–7.16 (m, 3H) , 7.10–7.06 (m, 1H) , 4.24 (dd, J=8.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.95–2.85 (m, 1H) , 2.81–2.73 (m, 1H) , 2.73 (s, 6H) , 2.69–2.59 (m, 1H) , 2.41–2.28 (m, 1H) .
[0448] Compound 41: 3- (6- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) -5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0449] The titled compound 41 was prepared as a red oil in a yield of 2.7%according to the procedure outlined for compound 39. LC-MS (m / z) 312.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.10–7.05 (m, 1H) , 6.80–6.68 (m, 2H) , 6.64 (tt, J=9.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.22 (dd, J=8.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.97–2.85 (m, 1H) , 2.76–2.72 (m, 7H) , 2.72–2.59 (m, 1H) , 2.36–2.23 (m, 1H) .
[0450] Compound 42: 3- (6-phenyl-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazole-2-carbonyl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0451] The titled compound 42 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 57.70%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. LC-MS (m / z) 304.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.83 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.38–7.33 (m, 2H) , 7.31–7.24 (m, 3H) , 4.30 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.99–2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.83–2.63 (m, 8H) , 2.48–2.35 (m, 1H) .
[0452] Compounds 43 and 44: (S) -3- (3-chloro-6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (43) and (R) -3- (3-chloro-6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (44)
[0453] Step 1: methyl 3- (6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate
[0454] A 100 mL round-bottom flask was charged with [acetoxy- (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) -λ3-iodanyl] acetate (0.500 eq, 535 mg, 1.47 mmol) , 3-methoxycarbonylbicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylic acid (1.00 eq, 500 mg, 2.94 mmol) , and 20 mL toluene. The flask was attached to a rotary evaporator with a water bath heated to 50℃ and the solvent (and the generated acetic acid) was removed over ca. 10 min. A second 20 mL aliquot of toluene was added to the flask and the evaporation was repeated. The evaporation was repeated two more times. After further removal of residual toluene under high vacuum, the white crude residue was obtained. It was directly used in the following amination reactions. The crude residue, 6-phenyl-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazole (0.500 eq, 271 mg, 1.47 mmol) , Ir (F-Meppy) 2 (dtbbpy) PF6 (0.0500 eq, 149 mg, 0.147 mmol) , and Cu (acac) 2 (0.500 eq, 385 mg, 1.47 mmol) , were added to an oven-dried 40 mL vial equipped with a stir bar and placed under an N2 atmosphere. Degassed 1, 4-dioxane (4mL) was added followed by DBU (1.50 eq, 0.66 mL, 4.41 mmol) and the vial was placed inside the integrated photoreactor (450 nm, 25%light intensity, 5200 rpm fans, 500 rpm stirring, single vial holder, 120 min) . The reactions were concentrated and purified via automatic column chromatography using a40 g column (eluent: gradient from 0 to 100%EtOAc in hexane to afford methyl 3- (6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (400 mg, 1.04 mmol, 35.32%yield) as a brown oil; LC-MS (m / z) : 309.2 [M+H] +.
[0455] Step 2: methyl 3- (3-chloro-6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate
[0456] To a solution of methyl 3- (6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (1.00 eq, 130 mg, 0.422 mmol) in MeCN (10mL) was added NCS (1.30 eq, 75 mg, 0.548 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred for 1 hours at 80 ℃. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (100ml) and the organics washed with 2 x100 ml water and then 1 x100 ml saturated brine solution. The organics were then separated and dried (MgSO4) before concentration to dryness. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography eluting 20%EtOAc in Isohexane to afford methyl 3- (3-chloro-6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2-yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carboxylate (90 mg, 0.263 mmol, 62.27%yield) as a yellow oil; LC-MS (m / z) : 343.2 [M+H] +.
[0457] Step 3 and step 4: 3- (3-chloro-6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0458] The titled compound was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 90.1%according to the procedure outlined for compound 12. LC-MS (m / z) : 310.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.33–7.27 (m, 2H) , 7.24–7.18 (m, 3H) , 4.26–4.19 (m, 1H) , 2.93–2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.86–2.83 (m, 6H) , 2.76–2.67 (m, 1H) , 2.66–2.57 (m, 1H) , 2.40–2.27 (m, 1H) .
[0459] Step 5: (S) -3- (3-chloro-6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (43) and (R) -3- (3-chloro-6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (44)
[0460] 3- (3-chloro-6-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [c] pyrazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile (60 mg) was separated by Chiral-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IG (250mm*30mm, 10um) ; Mobile Phase A: CO2; Mobile Phase B: MeOH: Flow rate: 65g / min; Gradient: B%-38.00%isocratic elution mode; back pressure: 100 bar; Detector: 220&254 nm. The fractions containing the desired products were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford to two isomers: S-isomer (compound 43) and R-isomer (compound 44) . One of the isomers was a light yellow solid (25.7%yield, retention time =2.01 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.32–7.26 (m, 2H) , 7.24–7.18 (m, 3H) , 4.23 (dd, J=8.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.91–2.82 (m, 7H) , 2.77–2.67 (m, 1H) , 2.66–2.56 (m, 1H) , 2.40–2.27 (m, 1H) ; LC-MS (m / z) : 310.2 [M+H] +. The other isomer was collected with a25.7%yield (retention time=2.69 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.32–7.27 (m, 2H) , 7.24–7.18 (m, 3H) , 4.23 (dd, J=8.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.93–2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.84 (s, 6H) , 2.77–2.64 (m, 1H) , 2.65–2.57 (m, 1H) , 2.40–2.27 (m, 1H) ; LC-MS (m / z) : 310.2 [M+H] +.
[0461] Compound 45 and 46: (S) -3- (4-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [d] [1, 2, 3] triazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile and (R) -3- (4-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [d] [1, 2, 3] triazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0462] The racemic product 3- (4-phenyl-5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [d] [1, 2, 3] triazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile was prepared as a red oil in a yield of 23.3%according to the procedure outlined for compound 12. LC-MS (m / z) : 277.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.36–7.28 (m, 2H) , 7.27–7.26 (m, 1H) , 7.25–7.18 (m, 2H) , 4.32 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.11–2.99 (m, 1H) , 2.96–2.88 (m, 1H) , 2.86–2.77 (m, 7H) , 2.55–2.42 (m, 1H) . 47 mg of above product was purified by Chiral-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IG (250mm*30mm, 10um) ; Mobile Phase A: CO2; Mobile Phase B: MeOH: Flow rate: 65g / min; Gradient: B%-38.00%isocratic elution mode; back pressure: 100 bar; Detector: 220&254 nm. The fractions containing the desired products were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford to two isomers: S-isomer (compound 45) and R-isomer (compound 46) . One of the isomers was a light yellow solid (31.9%yield, retention time =1.65 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.38–7.30 (m, 2H) , 7.29–7.27 (m, 1H) , 7.24–7.16 (m, 2H) , 4.32 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.11–2.99 (m, 1H) , 2.96–2.88 (m, 1H) , 2.86–2.77 (m, 7H) , 2.55–2.42 (m, 1H) . The other isomer was collected with a 31.9%yield (retention time=1.95 min) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.36–7.28 (m, 2H) , 7.29–7.27 (m, 1H) , 7.25–7.15 (m, 2H) , 4.32 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.11–2.99 (m, 1H) , 2.96–2.88 (m, 1H) , 2.89–2.79 (m, 7H) , 2.53–2.40 (m, 1H) .
[0463] Compound 47: 3- (4- (5-fluoropyridin-3-yl) -5, 6-dihydrocyclopenta [d] [1, 2, 3] triazol-2 (4H) -yl) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1-carbonitrile
[0464] The titled compound 47 was prepared as a white solid in a yield of 47.1%according to the procedure outlined for compound 12. LC-MS (m / z) 296.2 [M+H] +; 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ8.44–8.32 (m, 2H) , 7.30–7.27 (m, 1H) , 4.41–4.36 (m, 1H) , 3.16–3.07 (m, 1H) , 2.97–2.86 (m, 2H) , 2.85 (s, 6H) , 2.53–2.42 (m, 1H) .
[0465] Example 2. Biological Assay
[0466] Compounds 1-49 of the disclosure were tested for biological activity, following the experimental procedures described below.
[0467] Materials:
[0468] Cell line: HT-29 ( HTB-38TM)
[0469] Culture medium: McCoy’s 5A, Gibco, Cat No. 16600-082
[0470] FBS, Gibco, Cat No. 10099-141C
[0471] Trypsin: Gibco, Cat No. 25200-056
[0472] DMSO: OriGen, Cat No. CP-70
[0473] Assay plate: Corning#3903
[0474] Compound dilution plate: Corning#3357
[0475] Inducers: TNFα, GenScript, Cat No. Z01001-50,
[0476] Smac Mimetic: MedChemExpress (MCE)
[0477] Z_VAD FMK, TargetMol, T6013
[0478] Cell Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit: Promega, Cat No. G7573
[0479] EnVision: PerkinElmer, 2105-0010
[0480] Cell Seeding
[0481] 1. HT-29 cells were checked every day to make sure that they were healthy and growing as expected. They were subjected to sub-culturing when they were approximately 80%confluent.
[0482] 2. The culture medium, McCoy’s 5A medium (Gibco, Cat No. 16600-082) with 10%fetal bovine serum or FBS (Gibco, Cat No. 10099-141C) , was pre-warmed in a 37℃ water bath for at least 30 min.
[0483] 3. When the cells had reached a desired level of confluency of 80%in a T75 flask, the medium was aspirated, and the cells were washed with warm phosphate buffered saline or PB S two times.
[0484] 4. 2-3 ml fresh warm trypsin (Gibco, Cat No. 25200-056) solution was added to the washed cells. The flask with the cells was transferred to a 37℃ incubator.
[0485] 5. After 3-5 minutes, the side of the flask was tapped, and the flask was examined under a microscope for lifting. If necessary, the cells were returned to the incubator for an additional 5-10 minutes, with occasional tapping, until lifting was complete.
[0486] 6. The trypsin reaction was quickly neutralized by adding 5-6 ml cell culture medium, then the cells were transferred to a sterile 15 ml conical tube. The cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 300 x g for 5-7 minutes, and then the supernatant was discarded.
[0487] 7. The cells were resuspended in 10 ml fresh cell culture medium. Cell counting was conducted with a hemocytometer.
[0488] 8. 100μl of 6,000 cells were seeded into each well of the sterile 96-well cell culture plate (Corning 3903) and cultured overnight at 37℃ with 5%CO2.
[0489] Compound titration and treatment:
[0490] 1. All test compounds were dissolved in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) to create a 20 mM stock.
[0491] 2. 20 mM CPPs stock solution was diluted with DMSO to make 2 mM or 200μM solution. The dilution was continued with a ratio of 1: 3 (20μl CPDs+40μl DMSO) till the 10 points end.
[0492] 3. 0.5μL of the diluted compound was added to the corresponding 96-well plates.
[0493] 4. A cocktail of TNFα (20 ng / ml) , the Smac Mimetic (100 nM) and the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK (10μM) was used to induce cell necroptosis.
[0494] 5. The 96-well plates were incubated at 37℃ with 5%CO2 overnight.
[0495] Cell viability detection
[0496] 1. The Luminescent Cell Viability Assay was employed to detect the ATP levels in viable cells.
[0497] 2. The buffer and the lyophilized substrate were equilibrated to room temperature prior to use.
[0498] 3. The substrate was resuspended with buffer, and mixed by gently vortexing to obtain a homogeneous solution.
[0499] 4. 20μl the enzyme / substrate mixture was pipetted by multi-channel pipette into 96-well assay plates.
[0500] 5. The plates were placed on an orbital shaker and mixed for 2-5 minutes to induce cell lysis.
[0501] 6. Then the plates were allowed to incubate at room temperature for 5-10 minutes to stabilize luminescent signal.
[0502] 7. The luminescence signals were read and recorded with EnVision and the cell viability was calculated.
[0503] Table 2
[0504] EC50 value ranges of Compounds 1-49 are provided as follows: ++++=EC50<0.1μM;+++=0.1μM≤EC50<1μM; ++=1μM≤EC50≤10μM; +=EC50>10μM.
[0505] As shown in Table 2, the term “Compound X / Y (Rf=Z min) ” refers to the isomer of Compound X or Compound Y that has a retention time (Rf) of Z min. For example, “Compound 25 / 26 (Rf=1.24 min) ” refers to the isomer of Compound25 or Compound26 that has a retention time of 1.24 min. “Compound 25 / 26 (Rf=1.49 min) ” refers to the isomer of Compound 25 or Compound26 that has a retention time of 1.49 min. Single stereoisomers, e.g., substantially pure stereoisomers X and Y, were separated from one another, e.g., by a chiral separation. However, the absolute configuration of the separated single stereoisomers X and Y were not determined.
[0506] All publications, including but not limited to disclosures and disclosure applications, cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as though fully set forth. If certain content of a publication cited herein contradicts or is inconsistent with the present disclosure, the present disclosure controls.
[0507] One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the disclosure and claims that various changes, modifications, and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined in the following claims.
Claims
1.A compound of the following structural Formula 1: a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, wherein:Y is selected from 4-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 11-membered heteroaryl, and- (CRaRb) a-N (Rc) - (CRaRb) b, wherein the 4-to 11-membered heterocyclyl and 4-to 11-membered heteroaryl of Y, in addition to being connected to R1, are each independently substituted with m groups of R2;R1 is selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl, phenyl, 3-to 8-membered cycloalkyl, and 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein the C1 to C6 alkyl of R1 is substituted by phenyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3-to 8-membered cycloalkyl, whereinthe phenyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3-to 8-membered cycloalkyl of R1 is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 groups selected from C1 to C6 alkyl, halogen, -CN, and OH, andthe phenyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 3-to 8-membered cycloalkyl of the C1 to C6 alkyl of R1 is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 groups selected from C1 to C6 alkyl, halogen, -CN, and OH;R2 is selected from halogen, CN, =O, =S, -ORs, -NRpRq, and C1 to C4 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, and OH) ;R3 is selected from halogen, CN, -NRpRq, -C (=O) ORs, and C1 to C4 alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, and OH) ;L is selected from a bond andRa and Rb, for each occurrence, are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C4 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;Rc is selected from OH and C1 to C4 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;Rd and Re, for each occurrence, are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C4 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;Rp and Rq, for each occurrence, are each independently selected from H and C1 to C4 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;Rs is selected from H, OH, and C1 to C4 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;a is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;b is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;c is an integer selected from 0 and 1;d is an integer selected from 0 and 1;f is an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3;g is an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3;h is an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3;m is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2; andn is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; provided that:Y substituted with m groups of R2 is notandis not2.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1, wherein the 4-to 11-membered heterocyclyl of Y contains 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N and O, and the 4-to 11-membered heteroaryl of Y contains 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.3.The compound of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the compound has the following structural Formula 2: a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, whereinX1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;R4 is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.4.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the compound has the following structural Formula 3: a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, whereinR4 is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from C and N;p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;q is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.5.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the compound has the following structural Formula 4: a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, whereinR4 is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;Z is selected from C and N;p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.6.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the compound has the following structural Formula 5: a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, whereinR4 is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently selected from C and N;U is selected from O and S;p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;q is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.7.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the compound has the following structural Formula 6: a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, whereinR4 is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from C and N;U is selected from O and S;p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.8.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the compound has the following structural Formula 6: a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, whereinR4 is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;Z1 is selected from C and N; Z2 is selected from C, O, and N;p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;q is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.9.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the compound has the following structural Formula 8: a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, whereinR4 is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from C, O, and N;p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.10.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the compound has the following structural Formula 9: a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, whereinR4 is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently selected from C and N;U is selected from O and S;p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2.11.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1, wherein Y is- (CRaRb) a-N (Rc) - (CRaRb) b, wherein a is 1 and b is 0.12.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 11, wherein the compound has the following structural Formula 10: a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a repharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, whereinR4 is selected from selected from halogen, -CN, OH, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, CN, and OH) ;K is selected from- (CRfRg) e-, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from H, D, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and OH) ;X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are independently selected from C and N;a is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;e is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;p is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.13.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the 4-to 11-membered heterocyclyl or 4-to 11-membered heteroaryl ofY is selected from: 14.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-3 and 13, wherein:Y substituted with m groups of R2is selected from15.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1 and 12, wherein the- (CRaRb) a-N (Rc) - (CRaRb) b of Y is selected from 16.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1 and 12-13, wherein the- (CRaRb) a-N (Rc) - (CRaRb) b of Y is selected from 17.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 3-16, wherein K is selected from a bond and C1 to C2 alkyl.18.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 3-17, wherein is selected from phenyl, 19.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 3-19, wherein R4 is selected from F, Cl, -CN, and C1 to C3 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from D, halogen, and CN) .20.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-19, wherein is 21.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-20, wherein R1 is selected from phenyl and pyridyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from C1 to C3 alkyl, halogen and CN.22.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-21, wherein R1 is selected from 23.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-23, wherein R2, for each occurrence, is independently selected from halogen, -CN, =O, =S, and C1 to C2 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen and CN) .24.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-24, wherein R2, for each occurrence, is independently selected from methyl, F, Cl, -CN, =O, =S, and-CHF2.25.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-24, wherein R3, for each occurrence, is independently selected from halogen, CN, -C (=O) O (C1 to C2 alkyl) , and C1 to C2 alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, CN, and OH) .26.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-25, wherein R3, for each occurrence, is independently selected from-CN, F, Cl, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2OH, and-C (=O) OCH3.27.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-26, wherein L is selected from a bond and 28.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-27, wherein L is selected from a bond, 29.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-28, f is an integer selected from 1 and 2; g is an integer selected from 1 and 2; and h is an integer selected from 1 and 2.30.The compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of claims 1-29, f is 1; g is 1; and h is 1.31.The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from Compound 1 through Compound 49 in Table 1, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing.32.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1 to 31, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.33.A method of treating a disease or condition, comprising administering to a subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 31, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 32; wherein the disease or condition is selected from an inflammatory disease, an immune disease, an allergic disease, transplant rejection, a necrotic cell disease, a neurodegenerative disease, a central nervous system (CNS) disease, ischemic brain injury, an ocular disease, an infectious disease, and a malignancy.34.The method of claim 33, wherein the disease or condition is mediated by receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) signaling.35.A method of treating a disease or condition mediated by receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) signaling, comprising administering to a subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 31, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 32.36.The method of any one of claims 33-35, wherein the disease or condition is selected from ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , Alzheimer’s disease, and a viral infection.37.A method of inhibiting receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) , comprising contacting the RIP1 protein or a fragment thereof with a compound of any one of claims 1 to 31, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 32.
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