Mask peptide, cleavable substrate, multispecific antibodies and uses thereof
Multispecific antibodies with mask peptides and cleavable substrates address toxicity and clearance issues in antibody-based therapies by maintaining prodrug forms in non-tumor microenvironments, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/105841
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-28
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Antibody-based therapies face limitations such as broad target expression leading to toxicity and rapid clearance from circulation, necessitating improved molecular components for increased selectivity and reduced toxicity.
Development of multispecific antibodies with mask peptides and cleavable substrates that maintain a prodrug form in non-tumor microenvironments, ensuring pharmacological effects are exerted in tumor microenvironments.
Enhances drug efficacy and reduces toxicity by optimizing masking efficiency and cleavage properties of substrates, improving therapeutic outcomes.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025105841-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025105841-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025105841-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
MASK PEPTIDE, CLEAVABLE SUBSTRATE, MULTISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES AND USES THEREOF
[0001] CLAIM OF PRIORITY
[0002] This application claims the priority to PCT / CN2024 / 102513 filed on June 28, 2024. The entire contents of the foregoing are incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] This disclosure relates to mask peptide, cleavable substrate, multispecific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof.BACKGROUND
[0004] Antibody-based therapies have proven effective treatments for several diseases but in some cases, toxicities due to broad target expression have limited their therapeutic effectiveness. In addition, antibody-based therapeutics have exhibited other limitations such as rapid clearance from the circulation following administration.
[0005] In the realm of biological molecule therapeutics, strategies have been developed to provide prodrugs of an active chemical entity. Such prodrugs are administered in a relatively inactive (or significantly less active) form. Once administered, the prodrug is metabolized in vivo into the active compound. Such prodrug strategies can provide for increased selectivity of the drug for its intended target and for a reduction of adverse effects.
[0006] In the field of activatable antibodies, the masking efficiency of the mask will greatly affect the toxicity of the molecule. The cleavage efficiency of the cleavable substrate can significantly affect the drug efficacy. The stability of the cleavable substrate in serum greatly affects the toxicity of the drug molecules in the body. Therefore, to improve the efficacy of drugs and reduce the toxicity of drug molecules in the body, it is necessary to develop molecular components (e.g., linkers, masks, and antibodies) with good properties in all aspects to ensure that the prodrug form of the drug molecule is maintained in the non-tumor microenvironment and the pharmacological effect of the antibody is exerted in the tumor microenvironment.SUMMARY
[0007] This disclosure relates to cleavable substrate, multispecific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof.
[0008] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a polypeptide comprising a first mask peptide (M1) , in some embodiments, the first mask peptide (M1) comprises the amino acid sequence of CEX1X2C (SEQ ID NO: 56) , in some embodiments, X1 is W or A; and X2 is N, A, V, F, or E. In some embodiments, the M1 comprises the amino acid sequence of CEANC (SEQ ID NO: 57) , CEAAC (SEQ ID NO: 58) , CEWAC (SEQ ID NO: 59) , CEWEC (SEQ ID NO: 60) , CEWFC (SEQ ID NO: 61) , CEWNC (SEQ ID NO: 62) , or CEWVC (SEQ ID NO: 63) .
[0009] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a polypeptide comprising a first mask peptide (M1) , in some embodiments, the first mask peptide (M1) comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3X4GCEX5X6CX7X8X9X10X11 (SEQ ID NO: 55) , in some embodiments, X1 is A, G, or S; X2 is L, F, R, W, V, D, I, P, M, N, K, T, E, S, H, C, Y, or G; X3 is Q, I, P, R, V, G, N, M, L, H, D, T, F, A, Y, or W; X4 is W, F, T, L, C, A, V, or M; X5 is W or A; X6 is N, A, V, F, or E; X7 is F, G, E, H, V, L, R, K, C, or S; X8 is P, I, E, D, L, G, F, T, M, S, R, V, Q, A, or K; X9 is M, L, N, P, R, Q, T, E, W, S, G, F, Y, K, I, D, A, or V; X10 is A or T; and X11 is M, L, A, F, R, W, K, C, S, E, Y, D, G, T, Q, N, P, H, or V. In some embodiments, the first mask peptide (M1) comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-54.
[0010] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a polypeptide comprising a second mask peptide (M2) , in some embodiments, the second mask peptide (M2) comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 132-144.
[0011] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a polypeptide comprising a first cleavable peptide (C1) , the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 338) ; in some embodiments, X1 is A, G, L, I, P, F, Y, S, T, Q, H, or V; X2 is H, V, L, I, Q, or R; and X3 is A, P, H, G, or R. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 351-370. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 339) or X1X2X3LX4L (SEQ ID NO: 407) , in some embodiments, X4 is L, R, K, Q, F, Y, I, A, T, H, S, V, M, or W; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 405-406; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1126-1201. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 340) , in some embodiments, X5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 341) , in some embodiments, X5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8 (SEQ ID NO: 350) , in some embodiments, X7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; and X8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 342) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 343) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 344) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 345) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4GS (SEQ ID NO: 346) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5S (SEQ ID NO: 347) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5S (SEQ ID NO: 348) , or X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5GS (SEQ ID NO: 349) , in some embodiments, X7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; and X8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 150-337 or any one of SEQ ID NOs: 371-1095; optionally, the C1 further comprises the amino acid sequence of X9X10 , in some embodiments, X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3LX4X9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1259) or X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1260) , in some embodiments, X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1202-1257.
[0012] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to CD3, comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , in some embodiments, (1) the VL comprises, according to the Kabat definition:
[0013] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 108, 111, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0014] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 109, 111, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0015] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 110, 111, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0016] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 108, 112, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0017] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 108, 113, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0018] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 108, 114, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; or
[0019] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 108, 115, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; and
[0020] the VH comprises, according to the Kabat definition:
[0021] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 105, 106, and 107 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0022] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 105, 106, and 1105 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; or
[0023] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 105, 106, and 1106 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; or
[0024] (2) the VL comprises, according to the Chothia definition:
[0025] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 120, 123, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0026] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 121, 123, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0027] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 122, 123, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0028] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 120, 124, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0029] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 120, 125, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0030] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 120, 126, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; or
[0031] CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 120, 127, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; and
[0032] the VH comprises, according to the Chothia definition:
[0033] the VH comprises CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 117, 118, and 119 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;
[0034] the VH comprises CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 117, 118, and 1107 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; or
[0035] the VH comprises CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 117, 118, and 1108 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) .
[0036] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein comprises (1) a heavy chain variable region that comprises: (a) the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 84-87, 1100, and 1101; (b) an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 84-87, 1100, and 1101; or (c) an amino acid sequence that has one or more additions, deletions and / or substitutions compared to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 84-87, 1100, and 1101, in some embodiments, the additions, deletions and / or substitutions do not occur in a CDR region; and (2) a light chain variable region that comprises: (a) the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 88-104, and 1102-1104; (b) an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 88-104, and 1102-1104; or (c) an amino acid sequence that has one or more additions, deletions and / or substitutions compared to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 88-104, and 1102-1104, in some embodiments, the additions, deletions and / or substitutions do not occur in a CDR region.
[0037] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to CD3 comprising a VH and a VL, in some embodiments, the VH comprises VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 and the VL comprises VL CDRs 1, 2, 3, in some embodiments, the VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 are identical to the VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 present in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 84-87, 1100, and 1101, in some embodiments, the VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 are identical to the VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 present in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 88-104, and 1102-1104.
[0038] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antigen-binding molecule comprising (1) the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, and (2) a TAA-binding domain. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding molecule further comprises a first mask peptide (M1) that impairs the binding of the T cell binding domain to the target of the T cell binding domain, and the first mask peptide is linked to the T cell binding domain through a first cleavable linker (L1) . In some embodiments, the first mask peptide (M1) comprises the amino acid sequence of CEX1X2C (SEQ ID NO: 56) , in some embodiments, X1 is W or A; and X2 is N, A, V, F, or E; optionally, in some embodiments, the M1 comprises the amino acid sequence of CEANC (SEQ ID NO: 57) , CEAAC (SEQ ID NO: 58) , CEWAC (SEQ ID NO: 59) , CEWEC (SEQ ID NO: 60) , CEWFC (SEQ ID NO: 61) , CEWNC (SEQ ID NO: 62) , or CEWVC (SEQ ID NO: 63) . In some embodiments, the M1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3X4GCEX5X6CX7X8X9X10X11 (SEQ ID NO: 55) , in some embodiments, X1 is A, G, or S; X2 is L, F, R, W, V, D, I, P, M, N, K, T, E, S, H, C, Y, or G; X3 is Q, I, P, R, V, G, N, M, L, H, D, T, F, A, Y, or W; X4 is W, F, T, L, C, A, V, or M; X5 is W or A; X6 is N, A, V, F, or E; X7 is F, G, E, H, V, L, R, K, C, or S; X8 is P, I, E, D, L, G, F, T, M, S, R, V, Q, A, or K; X9 is M, L, N, P, R, Q, T, E, W, S, G, F, Y, K, I, D, A, or V; X10 is A or T; and X11 is M, L, A, F, R, W, K, C, S, E, Y, D, G, T, Q, N, P, H, or V; optionally in some embodiments, the M1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-54. In some embodiments, the first cleavable linker (L1) comprises a first cleavable peptide (C1) , the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 338) ; in some embodiments, X1 is A, G, L, I, P, F, Y, S, T, Q, H, or V; X2 is H, V, L, I, Q, or R; and X3 is A, P, H, G, or R. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 351-370. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 339) or X1X2X3LX4L (SEQ ID NO: 407) , in some embodiments, X4 is L, R, K, Q, F, Y, I, A, T, H, S, V, M, or W; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 405-406; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1126-1201. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 340) , in some embodiments, X5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 341) , in some embodiments, X5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8 (SEQ ID NO: 350) , in some embodiments, X7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, Q, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; and X8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W. In some embodiments, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 342) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 343) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 344) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 345) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4GS (SEQ ID NO: 346) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5S (SEQ ID NO: 347) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5S (SEQ ID NO: 348) , or X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5GS (SEQ ID NO: 349) , in some embodiments, X7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; and X8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 150-337 or any one of SEQ ID NOs: 371-1095; optionally, the C1 further comprises the amino acid sequence of X9X10 , in some embodiments, X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3LX4X9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1259) or X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1260) , in some embodiments, X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1202-1257. In some embodiments, the TAA binding domain comprises an EGFR binding domain. In some embodiments, the antigen binding molecule further comprises a second mask peptide (M2) that impairs binding of the EGFR binding domain to EGFR and the second mask peptide is linked to the EGFR binding domain through a second cleavable linker (L2) . In some embodiments, the second cleavable linker (L2) comprises a second cleavable peptide (C2) , the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 338) ; in some embodiments, X1 is A, G, L, I, P, F, Y, S, T, Q, H, or V; X2 is H, V, L, I, Q, or R; and X3 is A, P, H, G, or R. In some embodiments, the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 351-370. In some embodiments, the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 339) or X1X2X3LX4L (SEQ ID NO: 407) , in some embodiments, X4 is L, R, K, Q, F, Y, I, A, T, H, S, V, M, or W; optionally, the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 405-406; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1126-1201. In some embodiments, the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 340) , X5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 341) , in some embodiments, X5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8 (SEQ ID NO: 350) , in some embodiments, X7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, Q, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; and X8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W. In some embodiments, the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 342) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 343) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 344) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 345) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4GS (SEQ ID NO: 346) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5S (SEQ ID NO: 347) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5S (SEQ ID NO: 348) , or X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5GS (SEQ ID NO: 349) , in some embodiments, X7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; and X8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 150-337 or any one of SEQ ID NOs: 371-1095; optionally, the C1 further comprises the amino acid sequence of X9X10 , in some embodiments, X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3LX4X9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1259) or X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1260) , in some embodiments, X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1202-1257. In some embodiments, the second mask peptide (M2) comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 132-144. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a scFv, and / or the TAA-binding domain comprises a Fab.
[0039] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antigen-binding molecule that cross-compete with the antigen-binding molecule or the antigen-binding molecule described herein.
[0040] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the antigen-binding molecule described herein. In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a vector comprising the nucleic acid described herein.
[0041] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of producing a polypeptide, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or an antigen binding molecule by culturing a cell under conditions that lead to expression of the polypeptide, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the antigen binding molecule, in some embodiments, the cell comprises the vector described herein.
[0042] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of manufacturing a polypeptide, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or an antigen binding molecule, the method comprising: (a) culturing a cell comprising the nucleic acid described herein to express the polypeptide, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the antigen-binding molecule, and (b) recovering the polypeptide, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the antigen-binding molecule.
[0043] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a polypeptide, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or an antigen-binding molecule that is generated by the method described herein.
[0044] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the antigen-binding molecule described herein.
[0045] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the antigen-binding molecule described herein, covalently bound to a therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic or cytostatic agent.
[0046] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antigen-binding molecule, the CAR or the ADC described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0047] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of treating a subject having a disease, the method comprising administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described herein to the subject. In some embodiments, the disease is cancer; preferably, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of cervical cancer, renal cancer, brain cancer, head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, bowel cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, cervical, adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer; preferably, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: colon cancer, pancreas cancer, kidney cancer, cervical, and adenocarcinoma.
[0048] As used herein, the term “bispecific antibody” refers to an antibody that binds to two different epitopes. The epitopes can be on the same antigen or on different antigens.
[0049] As used herein, the term “trispecific antibody” refers to an antibody that binds to three different epitopes. The epitopes can be on the same antigen or on different antigens.
[0050] As used herein, the term “multispecific antibody” refers to an antibody that binds to two or more different epitopes. The epitopes can be on the same antigen or on different antigens. A multispecific antibody can be e.g., a bispecific antibody or a trispecific antibody. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibody binds to two, three, four, five, or six different epitopes.
[0051] As used herein, a “VHH” refers to the variable domain of a heavy chain antibody. In some embodiments, the VHH is a humanized VHH. In some embodiments, the VHH is a single-domain antibody (sdAb) .
[0052] As used herein, the terms “polypeptide, ” “peptide, ” and “protein” are used interchangeably to refer to polymers of amino acids of any length of at least two amino acids.
[0053] As used herein, the terms “polynucleotide, ” “nucleic acid molecule, ” and “nucleic acid sequence” are used interchangeably herein to refer to polymers of nucleotides of any length of at least two nucleotides, and include, without limitation, DNA, RNA, DNA / RNA hybrids, and modifications thereof.
[0054] As used herein, the term “antigen-binding protein” refers to a protein having one or more polypeptides, wherein the protein binds to an antigen. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding protein has two or more polypeptides, wherein the polypeptides can associate with each other, forming a dimer or a multimer.
[0055] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Methods and materials are described herein for use in the present invention; other, suitable methods and materials known in the art can also be used. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. All publications, patent applications, patents, sequences, database entries, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.
[0056] Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and figures, and from the claims.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0057] FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of the CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibody.
[0058] FIGS. 2A-2D show T cell-mediated killing of EGFR-positive tumor target cells induced by CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies.
[0059] FIG. 3 shows a schematic structure of the CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibody containing an anti-CD3 scFv mask ( “CD3-mask” ) .
[0060] FIG. 4A-4D. The screening results of anti-CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies (containing an anti-CD3 scFv mask) based on the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) .
[0061] FIG. 5 shows a schematic structure of the CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibody containing an anti-CD3 scFv mask ( “CD3-mask” ) and an anti-EGFR Fab mask ( “EGFR-mask” ) .
[0062] FIG. 6 shows the tumor volume of NOG mice that were implanted with human bladder tumor cells, and then treated with activatable antibodies.
[0063] FIG. 7 lists exemplary mask sequences.
[0064] FIG. 8 lists exemplary linker sequences.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0065] This disclosure relates to mask peptide, cleavable substrate, multispecific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof.
[0066] In some embodiments, provided herein are humanized antibodies that specifically bind to the epsilon chain of CD3 (CD3ε; referred to herein interchangeably as CD3) .
[0067] In some embodiments, provided herein are antibodies that specifically bind to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) .
[0068] In some embodiments provided herein are multispecific antibodies, for example multispecific antibodies that specifically bind to EGFR and / or CD3. These multispecific antibodies are optimized for affinity, masking, and cleavability.
[0069] In some embodiments, provided herein are multispecific antibodies, for example multispecific antibodies that bind to a target antigen (e.g., a tumor antigen) and a second antigen (e.g., an immune effector antigen on an immune effector cell) . In some embodiments, the immune effector cell is a leukocyte cell. In some embodiments, the immune effector cell is a T cell. In some embodiments, the immune effector cell is a natural killer (NK) cell. In some embodiments, the immune effector cell is a macrophage. In some embodiments, the immune effector cell is a mononuclear cell, such as a myeloid mononuclear cell. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibodies are immune effector cell-engaging multispecific antibodies. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibodies are leukocyte cell-engaging multispecific antibodies. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibodies are T cell engaging multispecific antibodies. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibodies are NK cell-engaging multispecific antibodies. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibodies are macrophage cell-engaging multispecific antibodies. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibodies are mononuclear cell-engaging multispecific antibodies, such as myeloid mononuclear cell-engaging multispecific antibodies. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibodies bind EGFR and CD3. These multispecific antibodies are optimized for affinity, masking, and cleavability.
[0070] Cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) is known in the art as a multi-protein complex of six chains (see, Abbas, A.K., et al. "Cellular and molecular immunology. Ed. " (2003) ; Janeway et al., p 172 and 178, 1999) . In mammals, the complex comprises a CD3γ chain, a CD3δ chain, two CD3ε chains, and a homodimer of CD3ζ chains. The CD3γ, CD3δ, and CD3ε chains are highly related cell surface proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily containing a single immunoglobulin domain. The transmembrane regions of the CD3γ, CD3δ, and CD3ε chains are negatively charged, which is a characteristic that allows these chains to associate with the positively charged T cell receptor chains. The intracellular tail of the CD3γ, CD3δ, and CD3ε chains each contains a single conserved motif known as an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif or ITAM, whereas each CD3ζ chain has three. It is believed the ITAMs are important for the signaling capacity of a TCR complex.
[0071] The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and exerts critical functions in epithelial cell physiology (Schlessinger, 2014) . It is frequently mutated and / or overexpressed in different types of human cancers and is the target of multiple cancer therapies currently adopted in the clinical practice (Yarden and Pines, 2012) . The physiological function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is to regulate epithelial tissue development and homeostasis. In pathological settings, mostly in lung and breast cancer and in glioblastoma, the EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. Inappropriate activation of the EGFR in cancer mainly results from amplification and point mutations at the genomic locus, but transcriptional upregulation or ligand overproduction due to autocrine / paracrine mechanisms has also been described. Moreover, the EGFR is increasingly recognized as a biomarker of resistance in tumors, as its amplification or secondary mutations have been found to arise under drug pressure. This evidence, in addition to the prominent function that this receptor plays in normal epithelia, has prompted intense investigations into the role of the EGFR both at physiological and at pathological level.
[0072] In general, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies) include two or more antigen-binding sites targeting different antigens or different epitopes of the same antigen. Thus, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies) can have more functions than a monospecific antibody. For example, these functions include, but not limited to, stronger binding to an antigen through an avidity effect; co-localization of bound antigens on the cell surface and the effect therefrom; increasing the serum half-life of an antibody fragment by linking it to a second antibody fragment that is bound to a protein with a long serum half-life, e.g., albumin or transferrin; and bringing two cells into proximity by binding to an antigen on each of the cells.
[0073] Among the purposes of multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies) , one class of molecules, T cell engagers (TCE) , has gained more attention. A TCE can be a multispecific antibody (e.g., bispecific antibodies) which binds to an antigen on a T cell and an antigen on another cell simultaneously. CD3 is usually selected as the antigen on the T cell. A cancer or tumor cell is usually selected as the other cell type as discussed above. Through binding to CD3 on T cells and a tumor associated antigen (TAA) on cancer cells, the TCE can induce activation of T cells upon binding to cancer cells and cause the killing of the latter. A B cell is sometimes selected as the other cell type. Through binding to CD3 on T cells and an antigen on B cells, the TCE can induce activation of T cells upon binding to B cells and cause the killing of the latter.
[0074] As used herein, unless specified otherwise, the term “antibody” includes an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds its target and is a monoclonal antibody, a single domain antibody, a single chain antibody, a Fab fragment, a F (ab’ ) 2 fragment, a scFv, a scAb, a dAb, a single domain heavy chain antibody, or a single domain light chain antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is an IgG antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is an IgG1 antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is an IgG4 antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is a scFv antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is a Fab antibody. In some embodiments, such an antibody or immunologically active fragment thereof that binds its target is a mouse, chimeric, humanized or fully human monoclonal antibody.
[0075] 1. Anti-CD3 antibodies
[0076] Provided herein are antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to the epsilon chain of CD3 (CD3ε, referred to herein throughout as CD3) . Exemplary CDR sequences of anti-CD3 antibodies of the disclosure (variable domains) are provided in Tables 1-4.
[0077] Table 1. CDR sequences of the light chain of anti-CD3 antibodies according to the Kabat definition
[0078] Table 2. CDR sequences of the heavy chain of anti-CD3 antibodies according to the Kabat definition
[0079] Table 3. CDR sequences of the heavy chain of anti-CD3 antibodies according to the Chothia definition
[0080] Table 4. CDR sequences of the light chain of anti-CD3 antibodies according to the Chothia definition
[0081] As provided herein, the anti-CD3 antibodies described herein comprise at least one set of the CDR 1, 2, and 3 sequences provided in Tables 1-4.
[0082] Exemplary VH and VL sequences of anti-CD3 antibodies of the disclosure (variable domains) are provided in Tables 5-7. As provided herein, the anti-CD3 antibodies described herein comprise at least one pair of the VH and VL sequences provided in Tables 5-7.
[0083] Table 5.
[0084] Table 6.
[0085] Table 7.
[0086] In some embodiments, the term “CD3M” described herein may represent any one of the anti-CD3 scFvs in Table 7.
[0087] Exemplary scFv linkers that connect a VH and a VL (e.g., any of the VH / VL combinations described herein) are provided in Table 8.
[0088] Table 8.
[0089] 2. Activatable anti-CD3 antibodies
[0090] In some embodiments, any one of the anti-CD3 antibodies provided herein can be in an activatable antibody format.
[0091] As generally provided herein, the multispecific antibodies (MABs) of the disclosure can comprise a M1-L1 construct, which are also referred to herein as a prodomain. Accordingly, as used herein, the term “prodomain” refers to a polypeptide comprising a masking peptide (e.g., M1 or M2 as described herein) and a cleavable linker (e.g., L1 or L2 as described herein) . In certain embodiments, a prodomain comprises one of the following formulas (where the formula below represents an amino acid sequence in either a N-to C-terminal direction or a C-to N-terminal direction) : M1-L1-MAB; and M2-L2-MAB.
[0092] In exemplary embodiments, a prodomain comprises an EGFR mask peptide M2 and a cleavable linker L2 that is cleavable by a protease; or a CD3ε mask peptide M1 and a cleavable linker L1 that is cleavable by a protease. In some embodiments, provided herein are activatable multispecific antibodies (MABs) comprising a prodomain. Also provided herein are nucleotides encoding any of the prodomains described herein.
[0093] In some embodiments, a masking moiety (MM) or a mask peptide of the CD3 antibodies comprises any one of the sequences set forth in Table 9.
[0094] Table 9.
[0095] In some embodiments, the masking moiety (MM) or the mask peptide of the CD3 antibodies may be screened using any of the CD3 antibodies described herein. In some embodiments, the masking moiety (MM) or the mask peptide of the CD3 antibodies can reduce or inhibit the binding of the CD3 antibodies (e.g., any of the anti-CD3 scFvs described herein) to CD3. In some embodiments, the masking moiety (MM) or the mask peptide of the CD3 antibodies can reduce or inhibit the binding of CD3 antibodies having the same heavy chain CDR sequences and / or the same light chain CDR sequences of any one of the anti-CD3 scFvs in Table 7. In some embodiments, the masking moiety (MM) or the mask peptide of the CD3 antibodies can reduce or inhibit the binding of CD3 antibodies having the same heavy chain CDR sequences of any one of CD3M1 ~ CD3M20, CD3M22, and CD3M23. In some embodiments, the masking moiety (MM) or the mask peptide of the CD3 antibodies can reduce or inhibit the binding of CD3 antibodies having the same light chain CDR sequences of any one of CD3M1, CD3M4, CD3M5, CD3M8, CD3M9, CD3M12, and CD3M13 ~ CD3M24. In some embodiments, the masking moiety (MM) or the mask peptide of the CD3 antibodies can reduce or inhibit the binding of CD3 antibodies having the same heavy chain CDR sequences and the same light chain CDR sequences of any one of CD3M1, CD3M4, CD3M5, CD3M8, CD3M9, CD3M12 ~ CD3M20, CD3M22, and CD3M23.
[0096] In some embodiments, the cleavable linker described herein (e.g., L1 or L2) comprises any one of the sequences set forth in FIG. 8. In some embodiments, the cleavable linker (e.g., L1 or L2) of an activatable multispecific antibodies (MABs) of the disclosure comprises any one of the sequences set forth in FIG. 8.
[0097] 3. Activatable anti-EGFR antibodies
[0098] Accordingly provided herein are multispecific antibodies (MABs) comprising antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to EGFR. Exemplary sequences of anti-EGFR antibodies are provided in Table 10.
[0099] Table 10.
[0100] In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibodies comprise a Fab, wherein the Fab comprises a VL and a VH provided in Table 10. In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibodies comprise a CH1 and a CL provided in Table 10. In some embodiments, the CH1 described herein is a human IgG4 CH1 domain. In some embodiments, the CL described herein is a human kappa light chain constant domain.
[0101] In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibodies further comprises a mask peptide (M2) .
[0102] In some embodiments, the multispecific antibodies comprises: (a) an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof (AB) that specifically binds to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) ; and (b) a prodomain, wherein the prodomain comprises (i) a mask peptide (M2) coupled to the AB, wherein the M2 reduces or inhibits the binding of the AB to the EGFR when the multispecific antibodies (MABs) are in an uncleaved state, and wherein the M2 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of sequences shown in Table 11; and (ii) a cleavable linker (L2) coupled to the AB, wherein the L2 is a polypeptide that functions as a substrate for a protease.
[0103] Exemplary EGFR mask peptides (M2) of the disclosure are provided in Table 11.
[0104] Table 11.
[0105] In some embodiments, the mask peptide (M2) of the anti-EGFR antibodies comprises any one of the sequences set forth in Table 11. In some embodiments, the cleavable linkers (L2) of the anti-EGFR antibodies comprise any one of the sequences set forth in FIG. 8.
[0106] In some embodiments, provided herein is an antigen-binding molecule comprising (1) an anti-CD3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising any one of the sequences in Tables 1-7, and (2) an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising any one of the sequences in Table 10.
[0107] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding molecule described herein further comprises a first mask peptide (M1) that impairs the binding of the anti-CD3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to its target (e.g., CD3) , and the first mask peptide (M1) is linked to the anti-CD3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof via a first cleavable linker (L1) . In some embodiments, the first mask peptide (M1) comprises any one of the sequences set forth in Table 9. In some embodiments, the first cleavable linker (L1) comprises any one of the sequences set forth in FIG. 8.
[0108] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding molecule described herein further comprises a second mask peptide (M2) that impairs binding of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to its target (e.g., EGFR) , and the second mask peptide (M2) is linked to the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof via a second cleavable linker (L2) . In some embodiments, the second mask peptide (M2) comprises any one of the sequences set forth in Table 11. In some embodiments, the second cleavable linker (L2) comprises any one of the sequences set forth in FIG. 8.
[0109] 4. Cleavable linkers
[0110] Both the monospecific antibodies and the multispecific antibodies (MABs) of the disclosure comprise at least one cleavable linker (provided in FIG. 8) , when masked and / or not activated. In some embodiments, the terms "cleavable linker" and "cleavable substrate" are interchangeable.
[0111] The linkers disclosed herein can be used in any suitable protease-activatable therapeutic composition, including, without limitation, protease-activatable antibodies, protease-activatable proteins, protease-activatable antibody-drug conjugates, protease-activatable antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, cell therapies employing protease-activatable chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) , RNA or DNA therapies expressing protease-activatable proteins, and drug delivery systems incorporating protease-activatable molecules.
[0112] In some embodiments, the cleavable linker (e.g., L1 or L2 described herein) of monospecific antibodies or the multispecific antibodies (MABs) includes an amino acid sequence that can serve as a substrate for at least one protease, usually an extracellular protease, e.g., an ADAM, ADAMT, MMP, cathepsin, cysteine protease, serine protease or aspartic protease. A cleavable linker (e.g., L1 or L2 described herein) can serve as a substrate for multiple proteases, e.g., a substrate for a first protease (e.g., an ADAM, ADAMT, MMP, cathepsin, cysteine protease, serine protease or aspartic protease) and a second different protease (e.g., an ADAM, ADAMT, MMP, cathepsin, cysteine protease, or aspartic protease) . In some embodiments, a cleavable linker (e.g., L1 or L2 described herein) can serve as a substrate for more than one serine protease, e.g., a matriptase and uPA (urokinase) . In some embodiments, a cleavable linker (e.g., L1 or L2 described herein) can serve as a substrate for more than one MMPs. In the case of multispecific antibodies (MABs) , the cleavable linker (e.g., L1 or L2 described herein) may be selected based on a protease that is co-localized in a tissue with the desired target of at least one AB of the cleavable linker (e.g., L1 or L2 described herein) .
[0113] A cleavable site may be recognized and cleaved by a protease expressed extracellularly that can contact a masked antigen-binding construct (e.g., any of the antigen-binding proteins described herein) , releasing the masked antigen-binding construct , and allowing the one or more antigen-binding domains (e.g., any of the antigen-binding domains described herein) to contact their targets, e.g., a receptor extracellular domain and / or a soluble ligand. Several matrix metalloproteinase sites (MMP1-28) may be suitable. MMPs play a role in tissue remodeling and are implicated in neoplastic processes such as morphogenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Examples of MMPs are provided in U.S. Application Publication No. 2013 / 0309230, WO 2009 / 025846, WO 2010 / 081173, WO 2014 / 107599, WO 2015 / 048329, U.S. Application Publication No. 20160160263, and Ratnikov, B.I., et al. "Basis for substrate recognition and distinction by matrix metalloproteinases. " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.40 (2014) : E4148-E4155; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0114] The cleavable site may also be a serine protease site. The cleavage site may be selected from a matriptase cleavage site, a HPN cleavage site, and an uPa cleavage site. The cleavage site may also be a cathepsin site. The cleavage site may also be an ADAM site. The cleavage site may also be an ADAMT site. The cleavage site may also be a cysteine protease site. The cleavage site may also be an aspartic protease site.
[0115] The cleavable site may be cleaved in the tumor microenvironment. The cleavable site may be a matrix metalloprotease (MMP) cleavage site. The MMP cleavage site may be selected from an MMP2 cleavage site, an MMP7 cleavage site, an MMP9 cleavage site and an MMP13 cleavage site. In some embodiments, the masked antigen-binding construct includes a heavy chain and a light chain. Following cleavage by an MMP, the heavy chain and / or light chain of the masked antigen-binding construct may comprise a stub amino acid remnant of the MMP cleavage site.
[0116] A cleavable site may also be cleaved at dibasic sites (e.g., an Arginine-Arginine, Lysine-Arginine, or Lysine-Lysine site) . Enzymes that cleave at dibasic sites are known in the art and include, for example, N-arginine dibasic convertase (Chow, K.M., et al. "Studies on the subsite specificity of rat nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase) . " Journal of Biological Chemistry 275.26 (2000) : 19545-19551) and subtilisin-like proprotein convertases such as Furin (PCI) , PC2, and PC3. Details can be found, e.g., in Steiner (1991) in Peptide Biosynthesis and Processing (Fricker ed. ) pp. 1-16, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; and Muller, L., et al. "Processing and sorting of the prohormone convertase 2 propeptide. " Journal of Biological Chemistry 275.50 (2000) : 39213-39222; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0117] In addition, one or more linkers can be used to couple a mask peptide to an antigen-binding domain. Glycine and glycine-serine polymers are relatively unstructured, and therefore may be able to serve as a neutral linker between components. Glycine accesses significantly more phi-psi space than even alanine, and is much less restricted than residues with longer side chains (see Scheraga, Rev. Computational Chem. 11173-142 (1992) ) . Some exemplary linkers are in the form S (G) nS, wherein n is from 5-20. Other exemplary linkers are (G) n, glycine-serine polymers (including, e.g., (GS) n) , glycine-alanine polymers, alanine-serine polymers, and other flexible linkers.
[0118] A variety of different conditions are known in which a target of interest is co-localized with a protease, where the substrate of the protease is known in the art. In the example of cancer, the target tissue can be a cancerous tissue, particularly the cancerous tissue of a solid tumor. There are reports in the literature of increased levels of proteases in a number of cancers, e.g., liquid tumors (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma) or solid tumors. See, e.g., La Rocca et al, (2004) British J. of Cancer 90 (7) : 1414-1421. Non-limiting examples of diseases include: all types of cancers, (such as, but not limited to breast, lung, colorectal, gastric, glioblastoma, ovarian, endometrial, renal, sarcoma, skin cancer, cervical, liver, bladder, cholangiocarcinoma, prostate, melanomas, head and neck cancer (e.g., head and neck squamous cell cancer, pancreatic, etc. ) , rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, SLE, cardiovascular damage, ischemia, etc. For example, indications would include leukemias, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) , lymphoblastic diseases including multiple myeloma, and solid tumors, including lung, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic and breast, including triple negative breast cancer. For example, indications include bone disease or metastasis in cancer, regardless of primary tumor origin; breast cancer, including by way of non-limiting example, ER / PR+ breast cancer, Her2+ breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer; colorectal cancer; endometrial cancer; gastric cancer; glioblastoma; head and neck cancer, such as head and neck squamous cell cancer; esophageal cancer; lung cancer, such as by way of non-limiting example, non-small cell lung cancer; multiple myeloma ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; prostate cancer; sarcoma, such as osteosarcoma; renal cancer, such as by way of non-limiting example, renal cell carcinoma; and / or skin cancer, such as by way of non-limiting example, squamous cell cancer, basal cell carcinoma, or melanoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is a squamous cell cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a skin squamous cell carcinoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is a lung squamous cell carcinoma.
[0119] For specific cleavage by an enzyme, contact between the enzyme and the cleavable linker (e.g., L1 or L2) is made. When the monospecific antibodies or the multispecific antibodies (MABs) comprise at least a first AB coupled to a mask peptide and a cleavable linker, e.g., the monospecific antibodies comprises an AB coupled to a mask peptide via a cleavable linker, is in the presence of target and sufficient enzyme activity, the cleavable linker can be cleaved. Sufficient enzyme activity can refer to the ability of the enzyme to make contact with the cleavable linker and effect cleavage. It can readily be envisioned that an enzyme may be in the vicinity of the cleavable linker but is unable to cleave because of other cellular factors or protein modification of the enzyme.
[0120] Exemplary cleavable linkers of the disclosure are provided in FIG. 8 above. In some embodiments, the cleavable linker has a length of up to 15 amino acids, a length of up to 20 amino acids, a length of up to 25 amino acids, a length of up to 30 amino acids, a length of up to 35 amino acids, a length of up to 40 amino acids, a length of up to 45 amino acids, a length of up to 50 amino acids, a length of up to 60 amino acids, a length in the range of 10-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 15-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 20-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 25-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 30-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 35-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 40-50 amino acids, a length in the range of 45-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 10-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 15-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 20-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 25-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 30-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 35-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 10-30 amino acids, a length in the range of 15-30 amino acids, a length in the range of 20-30 amino acids, a length in the range of 25-30 amino acids, a length in the range of 10-20 amino acids, or a length in the range of 10-15 amino acids.
[0121] 5. Mask peptides
[0122] In both the activatable monospecific CD3 and EGFR monospecific antibodies, or the multispecific antibodies (MABs) described above, the monospecific antibodies or the multispecific antibodies (MABs) can contain a mask peptide. As described herein, the monospecific antibodies (AB) or the multispecific antibodies (MABs) of the disclosure can comprise a prodomain (e.g., any of the prodomains described herein) , which comprises a mask peptide.
[0123] In some embodiments, the mask peptide is selected for use with a specific antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g., the anti-CD3 or anti-EGFR antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof) .
[0124] In some embodiments, the first mask peptide of anti-CD3 antibody is selected from Table 9. In some embodiments, the second mask peptide of anti-EGFR antibody is selected from Table 11.
[0125] In certain embodiments, the mask peptide is not a natural binding partner of the AB. In some embodiments, the mask peptide contains no or substantially no homology to any natural binding partner of the AB. In other embodiments the mask peptide is no more than 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80%similar (e.g., in terms of sequence identity or homology) to any natural binding partners of the AB. In some embodiments, the mask peptide is no more than 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80%identical to any natural binding partners of the AB. In some embodiments, the mask peptide is no more than 50%identical to any natural binding partners of the AB. In some embodiments, the mask peptide is no more than 25%identical to any natural binding partners of the AB. In some embodiments, the mask peptide is no more than 20%identical to any natural binding partners of the AB. In some embodiments, the mask peptide is no more than 10%identical to any natural binding partners of the AB.
[0126] An example of a linker joined directly to the N-terminus of the mask peptide of the activatable antibody is selected from the group consisting of QGQSGS (SEQ ID NO: 1110) , GQSGS (SEQ ID NO: 1111) ; QSGS (SEQ ID NO: 1112) ; SGS (SEQ ID NO: 1113) ; GS (SEQ ID NO: 1114) ; S; QGQSGQG (SEQ ID NO: 1115) ; GQSGQG (SEQ ID NO: 1116) ; QSGQG (SEQ ID NO: 1117) ; SGQG (SEQ ID NO: 1118) ; GQG (SEQ ID NO: 1119) ; QG (SEQ ID NO: 1120) ; G; QGQSGQ (SEQ ID NO: 1121) ; GQSGQ (SEQ ID NO: 1122) ; QSGQ (SEQ ID NO: 1123) ; SGQ (SEQ ID NO: 1124) ; GQ (SEQ ID NO: 1125) ; and Q.
[0127] Exemplary mask peptides of the disclosure can have a length of up to 15 amino acids, a length of up to 20 amino acids, a length of up to 25 amino acids, a length of up to 30 amino acids, a length of up to 35 amino acids, a length of up to 40 amino acids, a length of up to 45 amino acids, a length of up to 50 amino acids, a length of up to 60 amino acids, a length in the range of 10-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 15-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 20-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 25-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 30-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 35-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 40-50 amino acids, a length in the range of 45-60 amino acids, a length in the range of 10-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 15-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 20-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 25-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 30-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 35-40 amino acids, a length in the range of 10-30 amino acids, a length in the range of 15-30 amino acids, a length in the range of 20-30 amino acids, a length in the range of 25-30 amino acids, a length in the range of 10-20 amino acids, a length in the range of 10-15 amino acids, or a length of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acids.
[0128] As provided herein, the mask peptide inhibits the binding of the AB to the target. The mask peptide binds to the antigen-binding domain of the AB and inhibits binding of the AB to the target. In some embodiments, the mask peptide can sterically inhibit the binding of the AB to the target. In some embodiments, the mask peptide can allosterically inhibit the binding of the AB to its target. In these embodiments when the AB is modified by or coupled to a mask peptide and in the presence of target, there is no binding or substantially no binding of the AB to the target, or no more than 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 50%binding of the AB to the target, as compared to the binding of the AB not modified by or coupled to a mask peptide, the parental AB, or the AB not coupled to a mask peptide to the target, for at least 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 28, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, or 96 hours, or 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, or 180 days, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 months or longer when measured in vivo or in an in vitro assay.
[0129] When an AB is coupled to or modified with a mask peptide, the mask peptide "masks" or reduces or otherwise inhibits the specific binding of the AB to the target. When an AB is coupled to or modified by a mask peptide, such coupling or modification can lead to a structural change that reduces or inhibits the ability of the AB to specifically bind to its target.
[0130] Anti-CD3 Antibodies and Antigen-Binding Fragments
[0131] The disclosure provides antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to CD3. The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments described herein are capable of binding to CD3 and can promote CD3-associated signaling pathways.
[0132] The amino acid sequences for heavy chain variable regions and light variable regions are also provided. Any of the heavy chain variable region sequences (SEQ ID NOs: 84-87, 1100, and 1101) can be paired with any of the light chain variable region sequences (SEQ ID NO: 88-104, and 1102-1104) . Any of the heavy chain variable region sequences shown in Table 5 can be paired with any of the light chain variable region sequences shown in Table 6.
[0133] In some embodiments, the antibodies can have a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, 3, wherein the CDR1 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VH CDR1 amino acid sequence, the CDR2 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VH CDR2 amino acid sequence, and the CDR3 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VH CDR3 amino acid sequence, and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising CDRs 1, 2, 3, wherein the CDR1 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VL CDR1 amino acid sequence, the CDR2 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VL CDR2 amino acid sequence, and the CDR3 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VL CDR3 amino acid sequence. The selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences and the selected VL CDRs, 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are shown in Tables 1-2 (Kabat CDR) and Tables 3-4 (Chothia CDR) .
[0134] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprises VH CDRs 1, 2, 3, and VL CDRs 1, 2, 3. In some embodiments, the VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 are any VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 shown in Table 2 (Kabat CDR) or Table 3 (Chothia CDR) . In some embodiments, the VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 are any VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 shown in Table 1 (Kabat CDR) or Table 4 (Chothia CDR) . The In some embodiments, the CDRs are defined by IMGT, Kabat, Chothia, Contact, or AbM definition.
[0135] In some embodiments, the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment described herein can contain a heavy chain variable domain containing one, two, or three of the VH CDR 1 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; VH CDR 2 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; VH CDR 3 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions. The VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 can be selected from Table 2 and Table 3.
[0136] In some embodiments, the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment described herein can contain a light chain variable domain containing one, two, or three of the VL CDR 1 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; VL CDR 2 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; VL CDR3 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions. The VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 can be selected from Table 1 and Table 4.
[0137] The insertions, deletions, and substitutions can be within the CDR sequence, or at one or both terminal ends of the CDR sequence.
[0138] The disclosure also provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind to CD3. The antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof contain a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VH sequence, and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VL sequence. In some embodiments, the selected VH sequence is any one of 84-87, 1100, and 1101, and the selected VL sequence is any one of SEQ ID NOs: 88-104, and 1102-1104.
[0139] To determine the percent identity of two amino acid sequences, or of two nucleic acid sequences, the sequences are aligned for optimal comparison purposes (e.g., gaps can be introduced in one or both of a first and a second amino acid or nucleic acid sequence for optimal alignment and non-homologous sequences can be disregarded for comparison purposes) . The amino acid residues or nucleotides at corresponding amino acid positions or nucleotide positions are then compared. When a position in the first sequence is occupied by the same amino acid residue or nucleotide as the corresponding position in the second sequence, then the molecules are identical at that position. The percent identity between the two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences, taking into account the number of gaps, and the length of each gap, which need to be introduced for optimal alignment of the two sequences. For purposes of the present disclosure, the comparison of sequences and determination of percent identity between two sequences can be accomplished using a Blossum 62 scoring matrix with a gap penalty of 12, a gap extend penalty of 4, and a frameshift gap penalty of 5.
[0140] The disclosure also provides nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain or an immunoglobulin light chain. The immunoglobulin heavy chain or immunoglobulin light chain comprises CDRs as shown in Tables 1-4, or have sequences as shown in Tables 5-6. When the polypeptides are paired with corresponding polypeptide (e.g., a corresponding heavy chain variable region or a corresponding light chain variable region) , the paired polypeptides bind to CD3 (e.g., human CD3) .
[0141] The anti-CD3 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments can also be antibody variants (including derivatives and conjugates) of antibodies or antibody fragments and multi-specific (e.g., bi-specific) antibodies or antibody fragments. Additional antibodies provided herein are polyclonal, monoclonal, multi-specific (multimeric, e.g., bi-specific) , human antibodies, chimeric antibodies (e.g., human-mouse chimera) , single-chain antibodies, intracellularly-made antibodies (i.e., intrabodies) , and antigen-binding fragments thereof. The antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA, and IgY) , class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2) , or subclass. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is an IgG antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0142] Fragments of antibodies are suitable for use in the methods provided so long as they retain the desired affinity and specificity of the full-length antibody. Thus, a fragment of an antibody that binds to CD3 will retain an ability to bind to CD3. An Fv fragment is an antibody fragment which contains a complete antigen recognition and binding site. This region consists of a dimer of one heavy and one light chain variable domain in tight association, which can be covalent in nature, for example in scFv. It is in this configuration that the three CDRs of each variable domain interact to define an antigen binding site on the surface of the VH-VL dimer. Collectively, the six CDRs or a subset thereof confer antigen binding specificity to the antibody. However, even a single variable domain (or half of an Fv comprising only three CDRs specific for an antigen) can have the ability to recognize and bind antigen, although usually at a lower affinity than the entire binding site.
[0143] Single-chain Fv or (scFv) antibody fragments comprise the VH and VL domains (or regions) of antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain. Generally, the scFv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL domains, which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding. In some embodiments, the scFv described herein comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to any of the sequences in Table 7. In some embodiments, the VH and VL in a scFv is linked via a linker. In some embodiments, the linker comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to SEQ ID NO: 149 in Table 8. In some embodiments, the linker described herein is a flexible linker (e.g., a GS linker) . Details of flexible linkers can be found, e.g., in Chen, X. et al. "Fusion protein linkers: property, design and functionality. " Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 65.10 (2013) : 1357-1369, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0144] The Fab fragment contains a variable and constant domain of the light chain and a variable domain and the first constant domain (CH1) of the heavy chain. F (ab') 2 antibody fragments comprise a pair of Fab fragments which are generally covalently linked near their carboxy termini by hinge cysteines between them. Other chemical couplings of antibody fragments are also known in the art.
[0145] Diabodies are small antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites, which fragments comprise a VH connected to a VL in the same polypeptide chain (VH and VL) . By using a linker that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of another chain and create two antigen-binding sites.
[0146] Linear antibodies comprise a pair of tandem Fd segments (VH-CH1-VH-CH1) which, together with complementary light chain polypeptides, form a pair of antigen binding regions. Linear antibodies can be bispecific or monospecific.
[0147] Antibodies and antibody fragments of the present disclosure can be modified in the Fc region to provide desired effector functions or serum half-life.
[0148] Multimerization of antibodies may be accomplished through natural aggregation of antibodies or through chemical or recombinant linking techniques known in the art. For example, some percentage of purified antibody preparations (e.g., purified IgG1 molecules) spontaneously form protein aggregates containing antibody homodimers and other higher-order antibody multimers.
[0149] Alternatively, antibody homodimers may be formed through chemical linkage techniques known in the art. For example, heterobifunctional crosslinking agents including, but not limited to SMCC (succinimidyl 4- (maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate) and SATA (N-succinimidyl S-acethylthio-acetate) can be used to form antibody multimers. An exemplary protocol for the formation of antibody homodimers is described in Ghetie et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94: 7509-7514, 1997) . Antibody homodimers can be converted to Fab’2 homodimers through digestion with pepsin. Another way to form antibody homodimers is through the use of the autophilic T15 peptide described in Zhao et al. (J. Immunol. 25: 396-404, 2002) .
[0150] In some embodiments, the multi-specific antibody is a bi-specific antibody. Bi-specific antibodies can be made by engineering the interface between a pair of antibody molecules to maximize the percentage of heterodimers that are recovered from recombinant cell culture. For example, the interface can contain at least a part of the CH3 domain of an antibody constant domain. In this method, one or more small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first antibody molecule are replaced with larger side chains (e.g., tyrosine or tryptophan) . Compensatory “cavities” of identical or similar size to the large side chain (s) are created on the interface of the second antibody molecule by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g., alanine or threonine) . This provides a mechanism for increasing the yield of the heterodimer over other unwanted end-products such as homodimers. This method is described, e.g., in WO 96 / 27011, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0151] Bi-specific antibodies include cross-linked or “heteroconjugate” antibodies. For example, one of the antibodies in the heteroconjugate can be coupled to avidin and the other to biotin. Heteroconjugate antibodies can also be made using any convenient cross-linking methods. Suitable cross-linking agents and cross-linking techniques are well known in the art and are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,676,980, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0152] Methods for generating bi-specific antibodies from antibody fragments are also known in the art. For example, bi-specific antibodies can be prepared using chemical linkage. Brennan et al. (Science 229: 81, 1985) describes a procedure where intact antibodies are proteolytically cleaved to generate F (ab’ ) 2 fragments. These fragments are reduced in the presence of the dithiol complexing agent sodium arsenite to stabilize vicinal dithiols and prevent intermolecular disulfide formation. The Fab’ fragments generated are then converted to thionitrobenzoate (TNB) derivatives. One of the Fab’ TNB derivatives is then reconverted to the Fab’ thiol by reduction with mercaptoethylamine, and is mixed with an equimolar amount of another Fab’ TNB derivative to form the bi-specific antibody.
[0153] Any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein may be conjugated to a stabilizing molecule (e.g., a molecule that increases the half-life of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof in a subject or in solution) . Non-limiting examples of stabilizing molecules include: a polymer (e.g., a polyethylene glycol) or a protein (e.g., serum albumin, such as human serum albumin) . The conjugation of a stabilizing molecule can increase the half-life or extend the biological activity of an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment in vitro (e.g., in tissue culture or when stored as a pharmaceutical composition) or in vivo (e.g., in a human) .
[0154] In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein can be conjugated to a therapeutic agent. The antibody-drug conjugate comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can covalently or non-covalently bind to a therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic or cytostatic agent (e.g., cytochalasin B, gramicidin D, ethidium bromide, emetine, mitomycin, etoposide, tenoposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dihydroxy anthracin, maytansinoids such as DM-1 and DM-4, dione, mitoxantrone, mithramycin, actinomycin D, 1-dehydrotestosterone, glucocorticoids, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, propranolol, puromycin, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide and analogs) .
[0155] Antigen-Binding Proteins
[0156] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antigen-binding protein, comprising a scFv that is linked to a Fab. In some embodiments, the scFv can specifically bind to CD3. In some embodiments, the Fab can specifically bind to EGFR.
[0157] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding protein described herein comprises a schematic structure shown in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding protein includes a first polypeptide and a second polypeptide. The first polypeptide includes, optionally from N-terminus to C-terminus, a first VH (VH1) , a first VL (VL1) , a second VH (VH2) , and a CH1 domain. In some embodiments, the second polypeptide includes, optionally from N-terminus to C-terminus, a second VL (VL2) , and a CL. In some embodiments, the VH1 and VL1 can associate with each other, forming a first antigen-binding site that binds to a first antigen (e.g., CD3) . In some embodiments, the VH2 and VL2 can associate with each other, forming a second antigen-binding site that binds to a second antigen (e.g., EGFR) . In some embodiments, the first and second polypeptides can associate with each other via a disulfide bond between the CH1 domain and the CL. In some embodiments, the scFv described herein includes the first antigen-binding site. In some embodiments, the Fab described herein includes the second antigen-binding site. In some embodiments, the scFv described herein is selected from the scFvs in Table 7. In some embodiments, the Fab described herein includes sequences in Table 10.
[0158] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antigen-binding protein, comprising a scFv that is linked to a Fab. In some embodiments, the scFv can specifically bind to CD3. In some embodiments, the Fab can specifically bind to EGFR. In some embodiments, antigen-binding protein further includes a mask peptide that binds to the anti-CD3 scFv.
[0159] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding protein described herein comprises a schematic structure shown in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding protein includes a first polypeptide and a second polypeptide. The first polypeptide includes, optionally from N-terminus to C-terminus, an anti-CD3 scFv mask, a linker, a first VH (VH1) , a first VL (VL1) , a second VH (VH2) , and a CH1 domain. In some embodiments, the second polypeptide includes, optionally from N-terminus to C-terminus, a second VL (VL2) , and a CL. In some embodiments, the VH1 and VL1 can associate with each other, forming a first antigen-binding site that binds to a first antigen (e.g., CD3) . In some embodiments, the VH2 and VL2 can associate with each other, forming a second antigen-binding site that binds to a second antigen (e.g., EGFR) . In some embodiments, the first and second polypeptides can associate with each other via a disulfide bond between the CH1 domain and the CL. In some embodiments, the scFv described herein includes the first antigen-binding site. In some embodiments, the Fab described herein includes the second antigen-binding site. In some embodiments, the scFv described herein is selected from Table 7. In some embodiments, the Fab described herein includes sequences in Table 10. In some embodiments, the anti-CD3 scFv mask described herein is selected from Table 7. In some embodiments, the linker described herein is a cleavable linker, which comprises any of the sequences in FIG. 8.
[0160] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antigen-binding protein, comprising a scFv that is linked to a Fab. In some embodiments, the scFv can specifically bind to CD3. In some embodiments, the Fab can specifically bind to EGFR. In some embodiments, antigen-binding protein further includes a mask peptide that binds to the anti-CD3 scFv. In some embodiments, antigen-binding protein further includes a mask peptide that binds to the anti-EGFR Fab.
[0161] In some embodiments, the antigen-binding protein described herein comprises a schematic structure shown in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding protein includes a first polypeptide and a second polypeptide. The first polypeptide includes, optionally from N-terminus to C-terminus, an anti-CD3 scFv mask, a first linker, a first VH (VH1) , a first VL (VL1) , a second VH (VH2) , and a CH1 domain. In some embodiments, the second polypeptide includes, optionally from N-terminus to C-terminus, an anti-EGFR Fab mask, a second linker, a second VL (VL2) , and a CL. In some embodiments, the VH1 and VL1 can associate with each other, forming a first antigen-binding site that binds to a first antigen (e.g., CD3) . In some embodiments, the VH2 and VL2 can associate with each other, forming a second antigen-binding site that binds to a second antigen (e.g., EGFR) . In some embodiments, the first and second polypeptides can associate with each other via a disulfide bond between the CH1 domain and the CL. In some embodiments, the scFv described herein includes the first antigen-binding site. In some embodiments, the Fab described herein includes the second antigen-binding site. In some embodiments, the scFv described herein is selected from Table 7. In some embodiments, the Fab described herein includes sequences in Table 10. In some embodiments, the anti-CD3 scFv mask described herein is selected from Table 9. In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR Fab mask described herein is selected from Table 11. In some embodiments, the first and / or second linkers described herein are cleavable linkers, which comprise any of the sequences in FIG. 8. In some embodiments, the first and second linkers are identical. In some embodiments, the first and second linkers are different.
[0162] In some embodiments, the linker is a cleavable linker. In some embodiments, the linker is a non-cleavable linker. A non-cleavable linker can be e.g., GGGS (SEQ ID NOs: 129) , GSGGGG (SEQ ID NOs: 130) , GSGSGS (SEQ ID NOs: 131) , A (EAAAK) nA (SEQ ID NOs: 1109) , and AEAAAKEAAAKA (SEQ ID NO: 1261) etc.
[0163] Recombinant Vectors
[0164] The present disclosure also provides recombinant vectors (e.g., an expression vectors) that include an isolated polynucleotide disclosed herein (e.g., a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide disclosed herein) , host cells into which are introduced the recombinant vectors (i.e., such that the host cells contain the polynucleotide and / or a vector comprising the polynucleotide) , and the production of recombinant antibody polypeptides or fragments thereof or the antigen-binding molecules by recombinant techniques.
[0165] As used herein, a “vector” is any construct capable of delivering one or more polynucleotide (s) of interest to a host cell when the vector is introduced to the host cell. An “expression vector” is capable of delivering and expressing the one or more polynucleotide (s) of interest as an encoded polypeptide in a host cell into which the expression vector has been introduced. Thus, in an expression vector, the polynucleotide of interest is positioned for expression in the vector by being operably linked with regulatory elements such as a promoter, enhancer, and / or a poly-Atail, either within the vector or in the genome of the host cell at or near or flanking the integration site of the polynucleotide of interest such that the polynucleotide of interest will be translated in the host cell introduced with the expression vector.
[0166] A vector can be introduced into the host cell by methods known in the art, e.g., electroporation, chemical transfection (e.g., DEAE-dextran) , transformation, transfection, and infection and / or transduction (e.g., with recombinant virus) . Thus, non-limiting examples of vectors include viral vectors (which can be used to generate recombinant virus) , naked DNA or RNA, plasmids, cosmids, phage vectors, and DNA or RNA expression vectors associated with cationic condensing agents.
[0167] In some implementations, a polynucleotide disclosed herein (e.g., a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide disclosed herein) is introduced using a viral expression system (e.g., vaccinia or other pox virus, retrovirus, or adenovirus) , which may involve the use of a non-pathogenic (defective) , replication competent virus, or may use a replication defective virus. In the latter case, viral propagation generally will occur only in complementing virus packaging cells.
[0168] For expression, the DNA insert comprising an antibody-encoding or polypeptide-encoding polynucleotide disclosed herein can be operatively linked to an appropriate promoter (e.g., a heterologous promoter) , such as the phage lambda PL promoter, the E. coli lac, trp and tac promoters, the SV40 early and late promoters and promoters of retroviral LTRs, to name a few. Other suitable promoters are known to the skilled artisan. The expression constructs can further contain sites for transcription initiation, termination and, in the transcribed region, a ribosome binding site for translation. The coding portion of the mature transcripts expressed by the constructs may include a translation initiating at the beginning and a termination codon (UAA, UGA, or UAG) appropriately positioned at the end of the polypeptide to be translated.
[0169] Representative examples of appropriate hosts include, but are not limited to, bacterial cells, such as E. coli, Streptomyces, and Salmonella typhimurium cells; fungal cells, such as yeast cells; insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9 cells; animal cells such as CHO, COS, Bowes melanoma, and HEK293 cells; and plant cells. Appropriate culture mediums and conditions for the host cells described herein are known in the art.
[0170] Introduction of the construct into the host cell can be effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, transduction, infection or other methods. Such methods are described in many standard laboratory manuals, such as Davis et al., Basic Methods In Molecular Biology (1986) , which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0171] For secretion of the translated protein into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, into the periplasmic space or into the extracellular environment, appropriate secretion signals may be incorporated into the expressed polypeptide. The signals may be endogenous to the polypeptide or they may be heterologous signals.
[0172] The polypeptide (e.g., antibody) can be expressed in a modified form, such as a fusion protein (e.g., a GST-fusion) or with a histidine-tag, and may include not only secretion signals, but also additional heterologous functional regions. For instance, a region of additional amino acids, particularly charged amino acids, may be added to the N-terminus of the polypeptide to improve stability and persistence in the host cell, during purification, or during subsequent handling and storage. Also, peptide moieties can be added to the polypeptide to facilitate purification. Such regions can be removed prior to final preparation of the polypeptide. The addition of peptide moieties to polypeptides to engender secretion or excretion, to improve stability and to facilitate purification, among others, are familiar and routine techniques in the art.
[0173] The disclosure also provides a nucleic acid sequence that is at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identical to any nucleotide sequence as described herein, and an amino acid sequence that is at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identical to any amino acid sequence as described herein.
[0174] The disclosure also provides a nucleic acid sequence that has a homology of at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%to any nucleotide sequence as described herein, and an amino acid sequence that has a homology of at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%to any amino acid sequence as described herein.
[0175] In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to nucleotide sequences encoding any peptides that are described herein, or any amino acid sequences that are encoded by any nucleotide sequences as described herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence is less than 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence is less than 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400 amino acid residues.
[0176] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence (i) comprises an amino acid sequence; or (ii) consists of an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is any one of the sequences as described herein.
[0177] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence (i) comprises a nucleic acid sequence; or (ii) consists of a nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is any one of the sequences as described herein.
[0178] The percentage of sequence homology (e.g., amino acid sequence homology or nucleic acid homology) can also be determined. How to determine percentage of sequence homology is known in the art. In some embodiments, amino acid residues conserved with similar physicochemical properties (percent homology) , e.g., leucine and isoleucine, can be used to measure sequence similarity. Families of amino acid residues having similar physicochemical properties have been defined in the art. These families include e.g., amino acids with basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine) , acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid) , uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine) , nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan) , beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine) . The homology percentage, in many cases, is higher than the identity percentage.
[0179] Methods of Making Antibodies, Antigen-Binding Fragments, or Antigen-Binding Molecules
[0180] An isolated fragment of human protein (e.g., CD3 or EGFR) can be used as an immunogen to generate antibodies using standard techniques for polyclonal and monoclonal antibody preparation. Polyclonal antibodies can be raised in animals by multiple injections (e.g., subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections) of an antigenic peptide or protein. In some embodiments, the antigenic peptide or protein is injected with at least one adjuvant. In some embodiments, the antigenic peptide or protein can be conjugated to an agent that is immunogenic in the species to be immunized. Animals can be injected with the antigenic peptide or protein more than one time (e.g., twice, three times, or four times) .
[0181] The full-length polypeptide or protein can be used or, alternatively, antigenic peptide fragments thereof can be used as immunogens. The antigenic peptide of a protein comprises at least 8 (e.g., at least 10, 15, 20, or 30) amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of the protein and encompasses an epitope of the protein such that an antibody raised against the peptide forms a specific immune complex with the protein.
[0182] An immunogen typically is used to prepare antibodies by immunizing a suitable subject (e.g., human or transgenic animal expressing at least one human immunoglobulin locus) . An appropriate immunogenic preparation can contain, for example, a recombinantly-expressed or a chemically-synthesized polypeptide. The preparation can further include an adjuvant, such as Freund’s complete or incomplete adjuvant, or a similar immunostimulatory agent.
[0183] Polyclonal antibodies can be prepared as described above by immunizing a suitable subject with a polypeptide, or an antigenic peptide thereof (e.g., part of the protein) as an immunogen. The antibody titer in the immunized subject can be monitored over time by standard techniques, such as with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the immobilized polypeptide or peptide. If desired, the antibody molecules can be isolated from the mammal (e.g., from the blood) and further purified by well-known techniques, such as protein A of protein G chromatography to obtain the IgG fraction. At an appropriate time after immunization, e.g., when the specific antibody titers are highest, antibody-producing cells can be obtained from the subject and used to prepare monoclonal antibodies by standard techniques, such as the hybridoma technique originally described by Kohler et al. (Nature 256: 495-497, 1975) , the human B cell hybridoma technique (Kozbor et al., Immunol. Today 4: 72, 1983) , the EBV-hybridoma technique (Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 77-96, 1985) , or trioma techniques. The technology for producing hybridomas is well known (see, generally, Current Protocols in Immunology, 1994, Coligan et al. (Eds. ) , John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, NY) . Hybridoma cells producing a monoclonal antibody are detected by screening the hybridoma culture supernatants for antibodies that bind the polypeptide or epitope of interest, e.g., using a standard ELISA assay.
[0184] VHH can also be obtained from or designed synthetic llama VHH libraries. PBMC from llamas can be obtained, and RNA can be isolated to generate cDNA by reverse transcription. Then, the VHH genes can be amplified by PCR and cloned to a phage display vector to construct the VHH library. The synthetic (e.g., humanized) VHH library can be prepared by incorporation of shuffled VHH CDR1, 2 and 3, generated by overlapping PCR, to a modified human VH scaffold to generate enhanced diversity and keep low immunogenicity. The VHH libraries can be then panned against antigens to obtain VHH with desired binding affinities.
[0185] Variants of the antibodies, antigen-binding fragments, or the antigen-binding molecules described herein can be prepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes into the DNA encoding a human, humanized, or chimeric antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, or by peptide synthesis. Such variants include, for example, deletions, insertions, or substitutions of residues within the amino acids sequences that make-up the antigen-binding site of the antibody or an antigen-binding domain. In a population of such variants, some antibodies or antigen-binding fragments will have increased affinity for the target protein. Any combination of deletions, insertions, and / or combinations can be made to arrive at an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that has increased binding affinity for the target. The amino acid changes introduced into the antibody or antigen-binding fragment can also alter or introduce new post-translational modifications into the antibody or antigen-binding fragment, such as changing (e.g., increasing or decreasing) the number of glycosylation sites, changing the type of glycosylation site (e.g., changing the amino acid sequence such that a different sugar is attached by enzymes present in a cell) , or introducing new glycosylation sites.
[0186] Antibodies disclosed herein can be derived from any species of animal, including mammals. Non-limiting examples of native antibodies include antibodies derived from humans, primates, e.g., monkeys and apes, cows, pigs, horses, sheep, camelids (e.g., camels and llamas) , chicken, goats, and rodents (e.g., rats, mice, hamsters and rabbits) , including transgenic rodents genetically engineered to produce human antibodies.
[0187] Human and humanized antibodies include antibodies having variable and constant regions derived from (or having the same amino acid sequence as those derived from) human germline immunoglobulin sequences. Human antibodies may include amino acid residues not encoded by human germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by random or site-specific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation in vivo) , for example in the CDRs.
[0188] A humanized antibody, typically has a human framework (FR) grafted with non-human CDRs. Thus, a humanized antibody has one or more amino acid sequence introduced into it from a source which is non-human. These non-human amino acid residues are often referred to as “import” residues, which are typically taken from an “import” variable domain. Humanization can be essentially performed by e.g., substituting rodent CDRs or CDR sequences for the corresponding sequences of a human antibody. These methods are described in e.g., Jones et al., Nature, 321: 522-525 (1986) ; Riechmann et al., Nature, 332: 323-327 (1988) ; Verhoeyen et al., Science, 239: 1534-1536 (1988) ; each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Accordingly, “humanized” antibodies are chimeric antibodies wherein substantially less than an intact human V domain has been substituted by the corresponding sequence from a non-human species. In practice, humanized antibodies are typically mouse antibodies in which some CDR residues and some FR residues are substituted by residues from analogous sites in human antibodies.
[0189] It is further important that antibodies be humanized with retention of high specificity and affinity for the antigen and other favorable biological properties. To achieve this goal, humanized antibodies can be prepared by a process of analysis of the parental sequences and various conceptual humanized products using three-dimensional models of the parental and humanized sequences. Three-dimensional immunoglobulin models are commonly available and are familiar to those skilled in the art. Computer programs are available which illustrate and display probable three-dimensional conformational structures of selected candidate immunoglobulin sequences. Inspection of these displays permits analysis of the likely role of the residues in the functioning of the candidate immunoglobulin sequence, i.e., the analysis of residues that influence the ability of the candidate immunoglobulin to bind its antigen. In this way, FR residues can be selected and combined from the recipient and import sequences so that the desired antibody characteristic, such as increased affinity for the target antigen (s) , is achieved.
[0190] Identity or homology with respect to an original sequence is usually the percentage of amino acid residues present within the candidate sequence that are identical with a sequence present within the human, humanized, or chimeric antibody or fragment, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity.
[0191] In some embodiments, a covalent modification can be made to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. These covalent modifications can be made by chemical or enzymatic synthesis, or by enzymatic or chemical cleavage. Other types of covalent modifications of the antibody or antibody fragment are introduced into the molecule by reacting targeted amino acid residues of the antibody or fragment with an organic derivatization agent that is capable of reacting with selected side chains or the N-or C-terminal residues.
[0192] In some embodiments, antibody variants are provided having a carbohydrate structure that lacks fucose attached (directly or indirectly) to an Fc region. For example, the amount of fucose in such antibody may be from 1%to 80%, from 1%to 65%, from 5%to 65%or from 20%to 40%. The amount of fucose is determined by calculating the average amount of fucose within the sugar chain at Asn297, relative to the sum of all glycostructures attached to Asn 297 (e.g., complex, hybrid and high mannose structures) as measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, as described in WO 2008 / 077546, for example. Asn297 refers to the asparagine residue located at about position 297 in the Fc region (EU numbering of Fc region residues; or position 314 in Kabat numbering) ; however, Asn297 may also be located about ±3 amino acids upstream or downstream of position 297, i.e., between positions 294 and 300, due to minor sequence variations in antibodies. Such fucosylation variants may have improved ADCC function. In some embodiments, to reduce glycan heterogeneity, the Fc region of the antibody can be further engineered to replace the Asparagine at position 297 with Alanine (N297A) .
[0193] In some embodiments, to facilitate production efficiency by avoiding Fab-arm exchange, the Fc region of the antibodies was further engineered to replace the serine at position 228 (EU numbering) of IgG4 with proline (S228P) . A detailed description regarding S228 mutation is described, e.g., in Silva et al. “The S228P mutation prevents in vivo and in vitro IgG4 Fab-arm exchange as demonstrated using a combination of novel quantitative immunoassays and physiological matrix preparation. ” Journal of Biological Chemistry 290.9 (2015) : 5462-5469, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0194] In some embodiments, the methods described here are designed to make a bispecific antibody. In some embodiments, the methods described here are designed to make a trispecific antibody. Bispecific or trispecific antibodies can be made by engineering the interface between different antibody molecules to maximize the percentage of heterodimers that are recovered from recombinant cell culture. For example, the interface can contain at least a part of the CH3 domain of an antibody constant domain. In this method, one or more small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first antibody molecule are replaced with larger side chains (e.g., tyrosine or tryptophan) . Compensatory “cavities” of identical or similar size to the large side chain (s) are created on the interface of the second antibody molecule by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g., alanine or threonine) . This provides a mechanism for increasing the yield of the heterodimer over other unwanted end-products such as homodimers. This method is described, e.g., in WO 96 / 27011, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0195] In some embodiments, one or more amino acid residues in the CH3 portion of the IgG are substituted. In some embodiments, one heavy chain has one or more of the following substitutions T366W. The other heavy chain can have one or more the following substitutions T366S, L368A, and Y407V. Furthermore, a substitution (-ppcpScp-->-ppcpPcp-) can also be introduced at the hinge regions of both substituted IgG.
[0196] Furthermore, an anion-exchange chromatography can be used to purify the antibodies or antigen binding fragments described herein. Anion-exchange chromatography is a process that separates substances based on their charges using an ion-exchange resin containing positively charged groups, such as diethyl-aminoethyl groups (DEAE) . In solution, the resin is coated with positively charged counter-ions (cations) . Anion exchange resins will bind to negatively charged molecules, displacing the counter-ion. Anion exchange chromatography can be used to purify proteins based on their isoelectric point (pI) . The isoelectric point is defined as the pH at which a protein has no net charge. When the pH > pI, a protein has a net negative charge and when the pH < pI, a protein has a net positive charge. Thus, in some embodiments, different amino acid substitution can be introduced into two heavy chains, so that the pI for the homodimer comprising two Arm A and the pI for the homodimer comprising two Arm B is different. The pI for the bispecific or trispecific antibody having Arm A and Arm B will be somewhere between the two pIs of the homodimers. Thus, the two homodimers and the bispecific antibody or trispecific antibody can be released at different pH conditions. The present disclosure shows that a few amino acid residue substitutions can be introduced to the heavy chains to adjust pI.
[0197] Methods of Treatment
[0198] The methods described herein include methods for the treatment of various disorders, e.g., disorders associated with cancer, and disorders associated with immune system (e.g., autoimmune diseases) . Generally, the methods include administering a therapeutically effective amount of engineered multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies or trispecific antibodies) or the antigen-binding molecules as described herein, to a subject who is in need of, or who has been determined to be in need of, such treatment.
[0199] As used in this context, to “treat” means to ameliorate at least one symptom of the disorder, and / or halt, slow, delay, or inhibit progression of the disorder. Often, cancer results in death; thus, a treatment can result in an increased life expectancy (e.g., by at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 months, or by at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 years) . Administration of a therapeutically effective amount of an agent described herein (e.g., antigen-binding molecules) for the treatment of a condition associated with cancer will result in decreased number of cancer cells and / or alleviated symptoms.
[0200] As used herein, the term “cancer” refers to cells having the capacity for autonomous growth, i.e., an abnormal state or condition characterized by rapidly proliferating cell growth. The term is meant to include all types of cancerous growths or oncogenic processes, metastatic tissues or malignantly transformed cells, tissues, or organs, irrespective of histopathologic type or stage of invasiveness. The term “tumor” as used herein refers to cancerous cells, e.g., a mass of cancerous cells. Cancers that can be treated or diagnosed using the methods described herein include malignancies of the various organ systems, such as affecting lung, breast, thyroid, lymphoid, gastrointestinal, and genito-urinary tract, as well as adenocarcinomas which include malignancies such as most colon cancers, renal-cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and / or testicular tumors, non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the small intestine and cancer of the esophagus. In some embodiments, the agents described herein are designed for treating or diagnosing a carcinoma in a subject. The term “carcinoma” is art recognized and refers to malignancies of epithelial or endocrine tissues including respiratory system carcinomas, gastrointestinal system carcinomas, genitourinary system carcinomas, testicular carcinomas, breast carcinomas, prostatic carcinomas, endocrine system carcinomas, and melanomas. In some embodiments, the cancer is renal carcinoma or melanoma. Exemplary carcinomas include those forming from tissue of the cervix, lung, prostate, breast, head and neck, colon and ovary. The term also includes carcinosarcomas, e.g., which include malignant tumors composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous tissues. An “adenocarcinoma” refers to a carcinoma derived from glandular tissue or in which the tumor cells form recognizable glandular structures. The term “sarcoma” is art recognized and refers to malignant tumors of mesenchymal derivation.
[0201] In one aspect, the disclosure also provides methods for treating a cancer in a subject, methods of reducing the rate of the increase of volume of a tumor in a subject over time, methods of reducing the risk of developing a metastasis, or methods of reducing the risk of developing an additional metastasis in a subject. In some embodiments, the treatment can halt, slow, retard, or inhibit progression of a cancer. In some embodiments, the treatment can result in the reduction of in the number, severity, and / or duration of one or more symptoms of the cancer in a subject.
[0202] In one aspect, the disclosure features methods that include administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, antigen-binding molecules, or an antibody-drug conjugate disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof, e.g., a subject having, or identified or diagnosed as having, a cancer, e.g., breast cancer (e.g., triple-negative breast cancer) , carcinoid cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, glioma, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, urethral cancer, or hematologic malignancy.
[0203] As used herein, the terms “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably throughout the specification and describe an animal, human or non-human, to whom treatment according to the methods of the present invention is provided. Veterinary and non-veterinary applications are contemplated by the present invention. Human patients can be adult humans or juvenile humans (e.g., humans below the age of 18 years old) . In addition to humans, patients include but are not limited to mice, rats, hamsters, guinea-pigs, rabbits, ferrets, cats, dogs, and primates. Included are, for example, non-human primates (e.g., monkey, chimpanzee, gorilla, and the like) , rodents (e.g., rats, mice, gerbils, hamsters, ferrets, rabbits) , lagomorphs, swine (e.g., pig, miniature pig) , equine, canine, feline, bovine, and other domestic, farm, and zoo animals.
[0204] In some embodiments, the cancer is a cancer expressing EGFR.
[0205] In some embodiments, the cancers are lung cancers, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, urothelial cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, or endometrial cancer.
[0206] In some embodiments, the cancer cells described herein is cell lines. Commonly used cancer cell lines include MCF-7, T-47D, and MDA-MB-231 for breast cancer; A549 and H1299 for lung cancer; HT-29 and HCT116 for colorectal cancer; LNCaP, PC-3, and DU145 for prostate cancer; K562, Jurkat, and HL-60 for leukemia; and HepG2 and Huh7 for liver cancer. In some embodiments, the cell line is HT-29 cells, HCT116 cells, 786-O cells, BxPC3 cells, NCIH1975 cells, RT-112 cells, or SW403 cells.
[0207] In some embodiments, the cancer cells have an elevated EGFR level, e.g., at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%higher than non-cancerous cells.
[0208] In some embodiments, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used for treatment of patients at risk for a cancer. Patients with cancer can be identified with various methods known in the art.
[0209] In one aspect, the disclosure provides methods for treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of developing disorders associated with an abnormal or unwanted immune response, e.g., an autoimmune disorder, e.g., by affecting the functional properties of the immune cells. These autoimmune disorders include, but are not limited to, Alopecia areata, lupus, ankylosing spondylitis, Meniere's disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, autoimmune Addison's disease, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune hepatitis, pemphigus vulgaris, Behcet's disease, pernicious anemia, bullous pemphigoid, polyarthritis nodosa, cardiomyopathy, polychondritis, celiac sprue-dermatitis, polyglandular syndromes, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFIDS) , polymyalgia rheumatica, chronic inflammatory demyelinating, polymyositis and dermatomyositis, chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy, primary agammaglobulinemia, Churg-Strauss syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis, cicatricial pemphigoid, psoriasis, CREST syndrome, Raynaud's phenomenon, cold agglutinin disease, Reiter's syndrome, Crohn's disease, Rheumatic fever, discoid lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Cryoglobulinemia sarcoidosis, fibromyalgia, scleroderma, Grave's disease, syndrome, Guillain-Barre, stiff-man syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Takayasu arteritis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, temporal arteritis / giant cell arteritis, idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) , ulcerative colitis, IgA nephropathy, uveitis, diabetes (e.g., Type I) , vasculitis, lichen planus, and vitiligo. The anti-CD40 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof can also be administered to a subject to treat, prevent, or reduce the risk of developing disorders associated with an abnormal or unwanted immune response associated with cell, tissue or organ transplantation, e.g., renal, hepatic, and cardiac transplantation, e.g., graft versus host disease (GVHD) , or to prevent allograft rejection. In some embodiments, the subject has Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis or type I diabetes.
[0210] As used herein, by an “effective amount” is meant an amount or dosage sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results including halting, slowing, retarding, or inhibiting progression of a disease, e.g., a cancer or autoimmune disease. An effective amount will vary depending upon, e.g., an age and a body weight of a subject to which the antibody, antigen binding fragment, antigen-binding molecules, antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-encoding polynucleotide, vector comprising the polynucleotide, and / or compositions thereof is to be administered, a severity of symptoms and a route of administration, and thus administration can be determined on an individual basis.
[0211] An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations. By way of example, an effective amount of an antibody, an antigen binding fragment, an antigen-binding molecule, or an antibody-drug conjugate is an amount sufficient to ameliorate, stop, stabilize, reverse, inhibit, slow and / or delay progression of a cancer in a patient or is an amount sufficient to ameliorate, stop, stabilize, reverse, slow and / or delay proliferation of a cell (e.g., a biopsied cell, any of the cancer cells described herein, or cell line (e.g., a cancer cell line) ) in vitro. As is understood in the art, an effective amount may vary, depending on, inter alia, patient history as well as other factors such as the type (and / or dosage) of the agent used.
[0212] Effective amounts and schedules for administering the antibodies, antigen-binding molecules, antibody-encoding polynucleotides, antibody-drug conjugates, and / or compositions disclosed herein may be determined empirically, and making such determinations is within the skill in the art.
[0213] A typical dosage of an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding protein is 0. 01 μg / kg to 100 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the dosage is 0.01 μg / kg to 10 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the dosage is 0.1 μg / kg to 1 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the dosage can be less than 100 mg / kg, 10 mg / kg, 9 mg / kg, 8 mg / kg, 7 mg / kg, 6 mg / kg, 5 mg / kg, 4 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, 0.5 mg / kg, or 0.1 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the dosage can be greater than 10 mg / kg, 9 mg / kg, 8 mg / kg, 7 mg / kg, 6 mg / kg, 5 mg / kg, 4 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, 0.5 mg / kg, 0.1 mg / kg, 0.05 mg / kg, or 0.01 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the dosage is about 10 mg / kg, 9 mg / kg, 8 mg / kg, 7 mg / kg, 6 mg / kg, 5 mg / kg, 4 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, 0.9 mg / kg, 0.8 mg / kg, 0.7 mg / kg, 0.6 mg / kg, 0.5 mg / kg, 0.4 mg / kg, 0.3 mg / kg, 0.2 mg / kg, or 0.1 mg / kg..
[0214] In any of the methods described herein, the at least one antibody, antigen-binding fragment thereof, antigen-binding molecules, antibody-drug conjugates, or pharmaceutical composition (e.g., any of the antibodies, antigen-binding fragments, antigen-binding molecules, antibody-drug conjugates, or pharmaceutical compositions described herein) and, optionally, at least one additional therapeutic agent can be administered to the subject at least once a week (e.g., once a week, twice a week, three times a week, four times a week, once a day, twice a day, or three times a day) .
[0215] In some embodiments, one or more additional therapeutic agents can be administered to the subject. The additional therapeutic agent can comprise one or more inhibitors selected from the group consisting of an inhibitor of B-Raf, an EGFR inhibitor, an inhibitor of a MEK, an inhibitor of ERK, an inhibitor of K-Ras, an inhibitor of c-Met, an inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) , an inhibitor of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) , an inhibitor of an Akt, an inhibitor of mTOR, a dual PI3K / mTOR inhibitor, an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) , and an inhibitor of Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and / or Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) . In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitor of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1) (IDO1) (e.g., epacadostat) .
[0216] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent can comprise one or more inhibitors selected from the group consisting of an inhibitor of HER3, an inhibitor of LSD1, an inhibitor of MDM2, an inhibitor of BCL2, an inhibitor of CHK1, an inhibitor of activated hedgehog signaling pathway, and an agent that selectively degrades the estrogen receptor.
[0217] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent can comprise one or more therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of Trabectedin, nab-paclitaxel, Trebananib, Pazopanib, Cediranib, Palbociclib, everolimus, fluoropyrimidine, IFL, regorafenib, Reolysin, Alimta, Zykadia, Sutent, temsirolimus, axitinib, everolimus, sorafenib, Votrient, Pazopanib, IMA-901, AGS-003, cabozantinib, Vinflunine, an Hsp90 inhibitor, Ad-GM-CSF, Temazolomide, IL-2, IFN-α, vinblastine, Thalomid, dacarbazine, cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide, azacytidine, lenalidomide, bortezomid, amrubicine, carfilzomib, pralatrexate, and enzastaurin.
[0218] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent can comprise one or more therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of an adjuvant, a TLR agonist, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, IL-1, HMGB1, an IL-10 antagonist, an IL-4 antagonist, an IL-13 antagonist, an IL-17 antagonist, an HVEM antagonist, an ICOS agonist, a treatment targeting CX3CL1, a treatment targeting CXCL9, a treatment targeting CXCL10, a treatment targeting CCL5, an LFA-1 agonist, an ICAM1 agonist, and a Selectin agonist.
[0219] In some embodiments, carboplatin, nab-paclitaxel, paclitaxel, cisplatin, pemetrexed, gemcitabine, FOLFOX, or FOLFIRI are administered to the subject.
[0220] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-OX40 antibody, an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, an anti-PD-L2 antibody, an anti-LAG-3 antibody, an anti-TIGIT antibody, an anti-BTLA antibody, an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, or an anti-GITR antibody.
[0221] Pharmaceutical Compositions and Routes of Administration
[0222] Pharmaceutical compositions are formulated to be compatible with their intended route of administration (e.g., intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal) . The compositions can include a sterile diluent (e.g., sterile water or saline) , a fixed oil, polyethylene glycol, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents, antibacterial or antifungal agents, such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like, antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite, chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, buffers, such as acetates, citrates, or phosphates, and isotonic agents, such as sugars (e.g., dextrose) , polyalcohols (e.g., mannitol or sorbitol) , or salts (e.g., sodium chloride) , or any combination thereof. Liposomal suspensions can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 4,522,811) . Preparations of the compositions can be formulated and enclosed in ampules, disposable syringes, or multiple dose vials. Where required (as in, for example, injectable formulations) , proper fluidity can be maintained by, for example, the use of a coating, such as lecithin, or a surfactant. Absorption of the antibody, antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the antigen-binding molecule can be prolonged by including an agent that delays absorption (e.g., aluminum monostearate and gelatin) . Alternatively, controlled release can be achieved by implants and microencapsulated delivery systems, which can include biodegradable, biocompatible polymers (e.g., ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid; Alza Corporation and Nova Pharmaceutical, Inc. ) .
[0223] Compositions containing one or more of any of the antibodies, antigen-binding fragments, antigen-binding molecules, antigen binding proteins, antibody-drug conjugates described herein can be formulated for parenteral (e.g., intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal) administration in dosage unit form (i.e., physically discrete units containing a predetermined quantity of active compound for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage) .
[0224] Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of compositions can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals (e.g., monkeys) . One can determine the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50%of the population) and the ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50%of the population) : the therapeutic index being the ratio of LD50: ED50. Agents that exhibit high therapeutic indices are preferred. Where an agent exhibits an undesirable side effect, care should be taken to minimize potential damage (i.e., reduce unwanted side effects) . Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy can be determined by other standard pharmaceutical procedures.
[0225] Data obtained from cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating an appropriate dosage of any given agent for use in a subject (e.g., a human) . A therapeutically effective amount of the one or more (e.g., one, two, three, or four) antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof, or antigen-binding molecules (e.g., any of the antibodies, antibody fragments, or antigen-binding molecules described herein) will be an amount that treats the disease in a subject (e.g., kills cancer cells ) in a subject (e.g., a human subject identified as having cancer) , or a subject identified as being at risk of developing the disease (e.g., a subject who has previously developed cancer but now has been cured) , decreases the severity, frequency, and / or duration of one or more symptoms of a disease in a subject (e.g., a human) . The effectiveness and dosing of any of the antibodies, antigen-binding fragments, or antigen-binding molecules described herein can be determined by a health care professional or veterinary professional using methods known in the art, as well as by the observation of one or more symptoms of disease in a subject (e.g., a human) . Certain factors may influence the dosage and timing required to effectively treat a subject (e.g., the severity of the disease or disorder, previous treatments, the general health and / or age of the subject, and the presence of other diseases) .
[0226] Exemplary doses include milligram or microgram amounts of any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, antigen-binding molecules, or antibody-drug conjugates described herein per kilogram of the subject’s weight (e.g., about 0.01 μg / kg to about 500 mg / kg; about 1 μg / kg to about 500 mg / kg; about 100 μg / kg to about 500 mg / kg; about 100 μg / kg to about 50 mg / kg; about 10 μg / kg to about 5 mg / kg; about 10 μg / kg to about 0.5 mg / kg; or about 1 μg / kg to about 50 μg / kg) . While these doses cover a broad range, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that therapeutic agents, including antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof, vary in their potency, and effective amounts can be determined by methods known in the art. Typically, relatively low doses are administered at first, and the attending health care professional or veterinary professional (in the case of therapeutic application) or a researcher (when still working at the development stage) can subsequently and gradually increase the dose until an appropriate response is obtained. In addition, it is understood that the specific dose level for any particular subject will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, gender, and diet of the subject, the time of administration, the route of administration, the rate of excretion, and the half-life of the antibody, antibody fragment, or antigen-binding molecules in vivo.
[0227] The pharmaceutical compositions can be included in a container, pack, or dispenser together with instructions for administration. The disclosure also provides methods of manufacturing the antibodies, antigen binding fragments thereof, or antigen-binding molecules for various uses as described herein.
[0228] EXAMPLES
[0229] The invention is further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.
[0230] Unless otherwise stated, temperatures are in degrees Celsius and pressures are at or near atmospheric pressure. Standard abbreviations may be used, such as bp for base pairs; kb for kilobase pair; pL for picoliter; s for second; min for minute; h or hr for hour; aa for amino acid; nt for nucleotide; i. m. for intramuscular injection; i. p. for intraperitoneal injection; s. c. for subcutaneous injection, MPK for milligrams per kilograms, etc.
[0231] Materials and Methods
[0232] Preparation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
[0233] PBMCs were prepared by density gradient centrifugation with blood samples from blood banks or healthy donors.
[0234] The blood of healthy donors was stored in an EDTA-containing anticoagulation tube, and allowed to stand for 10 min. An equal volume of 2%PBS (pH 7.4) was added and mixed thoroughly. 15 mL Ficoll-PaqueTM PLUS density gradient centrifugal fluid (GE) was added into a 50 mL tube, and 30 mL of diluted fresh blood was aspirated and slowly added to the upper layer of the density gradient solution along the side wall of the tube. The centrifuge was adjusted to the brake off state. The test tube was loaded on the centrifuge, and centrifuged horizontally at 1450 rpm at room temperature for 45 min. The test tube was gently taken out, and visually observed to make sure that the blood in the centrifuge tube was divided into three layers. Specifically, the upper layer was the serum layer, the white part of the middle layer was the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the bottom layer was the red blood cells. The upper yellow transparent serum layer was carefully aspirated, leaving only the middle layer, which was transferred to a new 15 mL centrifuge tube. An equal volume of gradient solution was added and then the diluted middle layer was centrifuged at 1450 rpm for 30 min at room temperature. The upper suspension was removed, retaining the bottom cell pellet. The cells were re-suspended and washed 3 times until the upper solution was clear. 1 mL of 2%FBS-PBS buffer was added to re-suspend the cells. After the PBMCs were counted, the cells were re-suspended in the RPMI 1640 medium containing 10%FBS (GIBCO) and 1%L-glutamine (GIBCO) . The cells were cultured in a CO2 incubator at 37℃ and 5%CO2.
[0235] Example 1: Construction of CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies and protein preparation
[0236] Based on the mouse CD3 antibody SP-34, the humanized CD3 antibody was obtained through mutagenesis, library building, humanization transforming and multiple screening cycles.
[0237] A schematic structure of the CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibody (BsAb) based on a monovalent anti-CD3 scFv ( “CD3M1” to “CD3M24” ) and a monovalent anti-EGFR Fab ( “EGFR-F” ) is shown in FIG. 1. Specifically, the anti-CD3 scFv is located at the N-terminus of the anti-EGFR VH and the anti-EGFR VL is located at the N-terminus of the light chain constant region (CL) . The BsAb includes two chains: a first chain (e.g., a heavy chain) containing from N-to C-terminus: an anti-CD3 VH, an anti-CD3 VL, an anti-EGFR VH, and a CH1 domain; and a second chain (e.g., a light chain) containing from N-to C-terminus: an anti-EGFR VL, and a CL. The second chain can be a kappa light chain, and the CH1 is derived from IgG4. Exemplary sequences are shown in Table 12.
[0238] As shown in FIG. 1, the bispecific antibody was designed based on the EGFR-Fab framework. Plasmids were constructed and co-transfected into 293F cells by PEI-mediated plasmid. Expression was carried out, and purification was performed using Protein A. A CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibody with a purity of ≥ 90%was obtained.
[0239] Table 12. Sequences of anti-CD3 scFvs and anti-EGFR Fab
[0240] Example 2: Determination of the binding affinity of CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies to CD3 by biolayer interferometry
[0241] Biolayer interferometry (BLI) was used to measure the binding affinity of CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies to human CD3. Briefly, a streptavidin (SA) reagent kit (Sartorius, Cat#: 18-5019) was used to couple the bispecific antibody to the surface of the SA biosensor, with a final concentration of 2-10 μg / mL. Then, the sensor was placed in CD3 solutions with serially diluted concentrations (diluted in a gradient of 2 times starting from the highest concentration, 7 concentrations in total) for 3-5 minutes. Then, the sensor was transferred to 0.02%PBST (PBS supplemented with 0.02% 20) for dissociation for 5-20 minutes. Finally, kinetic association rates (kon) and dissociation rates (koff) were obtained simultaneously by fitting the data globally to a 1: 1 Langmuir binding model (Karlsson, R. Roos, H. Fagerstam, L. Petersson, B., 1994. Methods Enzymology 6.99-110) using Data Analysis HT 12 software. Affinities were deduced from the quotient of the kinetic rate constants (KD=koff / kon) .
[0242] Table 13 shows the measured binding affinities of candidate bispecific antibodies to the human CD3. The KD values ranged from 10.8 nM to 57.7 nM.
[0243] Table 13. Binding affinity of CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies to human CD3
[0244] Example 3: CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies induced T cell-mediated killing of EGFR-positive tumor cells
[0245] The functional activity of CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies was evaluated by tumor cell line killing assays. The killing effect of T cells induced by CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies on target cells was evaluated in human kidney clear cell adenocarcinoma cells (with a high expression level of EGFR) and human PBMCs were used as effector cells. Target cell killing was detected after 72 hours of incubation with the antibodies.
[0246] Briefly, tumor cells were digested with trypsin / EDTA, washed once with PBS (pre-cooled to 4℃) , re-suspended in the RPMI 1640 medium containing 10%FBS, and added to a flat-bottom 96-well plate with a cell density of 5, 000 cells per well. After 4 hours of incubation, serially diluted antibody solutions (50 μL / well) were added to each well (3 duplicate wells per concentration) . The antibodies and tumor cells were incubated for at least 30 minutes. PBMCs were revived, resuspended in 10 mL of the RPMI 1640 medium containing 10%FBS, and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes. Afterwards, the supernatant was discarded. The cells were sufficiently re-suspended and the cell density was adjusted according to experimental needs. The 96-well plate was placed in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 3 days. Finally, the cell viability was measured, and GraphPad Prism software was used to calculate the cell survival rate. The killing EC50 were provided.
[0247] The CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies induced a significant killing effect on the tumor cells. The experimental results are shown in FIGS. 2A-2D and Table 14.
[0248] Table 14. Killing effect of PBMCs on human kidney clear cell adenocarcinoma cells induced by CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies
[0249] Example 4: Identification of masks by ELISA
[0250] By competitive ELISA, 54 masks that exhibited strong competition with CD3 were identified, as shown in Table 15.
[0251] Table 15. Masks identified by competitive ELISA
[0252] Example 5: Determination of the binding ability of anti-CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies (containing an anti-CD3 scFv mask) to Jurkat cells by FACS
[0253] Using the non-cleavable substrate GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 1263; also referred to as G4SG4S or a GS linker) as a linker, the anti-CD3 scFv mask ( “CD3-mask” ) was incorporated into the bispecific antibody by tethering to the N-terminus of the VH of the anti-CD3 scFv. As shown in FIG. 3, the bispecific antibody includes two chains: a first chain containing from N-to C-terminus: an anti-CD3 scFv mask, a linker, an anti-CD3 scFv, an anti-EGFR VH, and a CH1 domain; and a second chain containing from N-to C-terminus: an anti-EGFR VL, and a CL.
[0254] The binding of bispecific antibodies containing an anti-CD3 scFv mask to Jurkat cells was evaluated by standard fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) . Briefly, Jurkat cells were re-suspended in PBS and inoculated in a 96-well V-shaped plate. The supernatant was discarded after centrifugation. 100 μL of serially diluted antibodies (diluted in a gradient of 5 times starting from the highest concentration, 3 concentrations in total) were added to each well. The cells were re-suspended by gently pipetting and incubated at 4℃ for 2 hours. After being washed three times with PBS, 100 μL of secondary antibody was added to each well and incubated at 4℃ for 30 minutes. After washing the wells twice with PBS, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and the positive rate were measured with the Beckman Flow Cytometer (Beckman Cytoflex; Gain: 30) . The initial antibody screening was performed at 3 concentrations.
[0255] The control bispecific antibody CD3M+EGFR-F lacking a mask peptide still showed strong binding to Jurkat cells at 300 nM, and most of the bispecific antibodies containing an anti-CD3 scFv mask peptide showed significantly reduced binding to Jurkat cells except those containing CD3mask21, CD3mask45, CD3mask46, CD3mask49, and CD3mask52. The MFI of the initial screening of antibodies were shown in FIGS. 4A-4D.
[0256] Example 6: Identification of masks by ELISA and affinities
[0257] By competitive ELISA, 31 sequences with strong competition with EGFR were identified.
[0258] The affinity between the mask and an anti-EGFR Fab ( “EGFR-F” ) was detected by Red96e (ForteBio, Cat#: FB-90397) . The kinetic analysis was performed using the 1: 1 Langmuir binding model. Finally, 8 clones that exhibited binding to the anti-EGFR antibody EGFR and simultaneously competed with EGFR were selected for subsequent experiments. Sequences of the selected anti-EGFR Fab mask peptides are shown in Table 16.
[0259] Table 16. Binding affinity of peptide masks (targeting anti-EGFR Fab)
[0260] Example 7: Determination of the binding ability of CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies containing an anti-EGFR Fab mask to human colon carcinoma cells by FACS
[0261] Using the non-cleavable substrate GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 1263) as a linker, an anti-CD3 scFv mask ( “CD3-mask” ) was incorporated into the bispecific antibody by tethering to the N-terminus of the VH of the anti-CD3 scFv. Further, using the non-cleavable substrate GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 1263) as a linker, an anti-EGFR Fab mask was linked to the N-terminus of an anti-EGFR VL. As shown in FIG. 5, the bispecific antibody includes: a first chain (e.g., a heavy chain) , which includes from N-to C-terminus: an anti-CD3 scFv mask, a linker, an anti-CD3 scFv, an anti-EGFR VH, and a CH1 domain; and a second chain (e.g., a light chain) , which includes from N-to C-terminus: an anti-EGFR Fab mask, a linker, an anti-EGFR VL, and a CL. Sequences of the anti-EGFR Fab masks are shown in Table 17.
[0262] Table 17. Sequences of anti-EGFR Fab masks
[0263] The binding of CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies to human colon carcinoma cells (with a moderate expression level of EGFR) was evaluated by standard fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) . GraphPad Prism was used to calculate the antibody concentration required to achieve 50%of maximal signal (EC50) . The EC50 of bispecific antibodies CD3M+EGFR-F lacking an anti-EGFR Fab mask peptide binding to human colon carcinoma cells was 0.02645 μg / mL. The bispecific antibodies containing an anti-EGFR mask peptide showed an over 160-fold decrease in binding to human colon carcinoma cells. The ranking of the masking ability is as follows: EGFRmask10 > EGFRmask13 >
[0264] EGFRmask11 > EGFRmask12 > EGFRmask9. The experimental data are shown in Table 18.
[0265] Table 18. EC50 of CD3 / EGFR bispecific antibodies to EGFR positive cells by FACS (Mean)
[0266] Example 8: Exemplary activatable antibodies and cleavable linkers
[0267] The experiments below describe exemplary cleavable linkers and exemplary activatable antibodies that include these linkers.
[0268] Exemplary activatable antibodies were constructed such that each one includes one of the cleavable linkers listed in Table 19. An exemplary activatable antibody includes a heavy chain and a light chain, as shown in FIG. 3. The heavy chain includes, from the N-terminus to the C-terminus: an anti-CD3 scFv mask; a cleavable moiety (CM) , an anti-CD3 scFv; an anti-EGFR VH; and a CH1 domain. Specifically, the CM includes at least one sequence in Table 19. The light chain includes, from N-terminus to C-terminus, an anti-EGFR VL and a CL (e.g., a kappa light chain constant region) .
[0269] Table 19.
[0270] Example 9: In vitro MMP cleavablity of exemplary activatable antibodies
[0271] The experiments below evaluated the in vitro stability of activatable antibodies using a matrix metalloprotease (MMP) .
[0272] The stability of the activatable antibodies was determined in the presence of a matrix metalloprotease. Varying concentrations of recombinant matrix metalloprotease were combined with a fixed activatable antibody concentration to maintain a substrate to protease ratio of 50: 1. Samples were incubated at 37℃ for up to 15-20 hours, and the fraction of the activatable antibody that was cleaved was measured by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) . The exemplary results of this in vitro study are summarized in Table 20.
[0273] Table 20.
[0274] Example 10: In vivo stability of activatable antibodies with protease-cleavable substrates
[0275] The experiments below evaluated the in vivo stability of activatable antibodies containing the exemplary substrates. Specifically, the experiments measured the stability of activatable antibodies containing exemplary substrates by administering the activatable antibodies to mice, and then measuring the cleaved activatable antibody in the mouse plasma by Western blot. The stability was compared to an activatable antibody containing the control substrate SEQ ID NO: 1258 (ISSGLLSGRSDNH) , which is a substrate of recombinant protease and has a reasonably good stability in vivo confirmed in the literature.
[0276] In this study, balb / c mice of about 6-8 weeks of age were administered intraperitoneally with the activatable antibodies at a dose level of 0.5-10 mg / kg. After 1-3 days following the administration, blood was collected from the orbital sinus and processed to isolate plasma within 1 hour of collection. Activatable antibodies were purified from the plasma, which were then analyzed by Western blot. The fraction of cleaved activatable antibodies was determined by dividing the amount of cleaved activatable antibody to that of the total antibody using an in-housing method. Results of these exemplary assays are summarized in Table 21.
[0277] The results showed that all activatable antibodies with exemplary substrates exhibited a higher in vivo stability than the activatable antibody containing the control substrate SEQ ID NO: 1258 (ISSGLLSGRSDNH) . In detail, the results showed that most of the substrates exhibited a good in vivo stability, with less than 5%activation, except SEQ ID NO: 218, SEQ ID NO: 225, SEQ ID NO: 1244, SEQ ID NO: 251, SEQ ID NO: 241, SEQ ID NO: 246, SEQ ID NO: 164, SEQ ID NO: 1258 (control) , SEQ ID NO: 440, and SEQ ID NO: 460, particularly, SEQ ID NO: 1258 (control) had an in vivo activation of greater than 15%..
[0278] Table 21. In vivo stability of activatable antibodies with exemplary substrates
[0279] Example 11: In vivo efficacy of anti-EGFR activatable antibodies with exemplary substrates
[0280] The experiments below evaluated the in vivo efficacy of activatable antibodies containing exemplary substrates using a mouse xenograft model. An activatable antibody (8A) was selected from Example 8.
[0281] In these experiments, the NOG mice were first engrafted with human PBMCs and implanted subcutaneously with human bladder tumor cells on Day 1 (D1) , and dosed intraperitoneally on Day 15 with 0.5-10 mg / kg for the activatable antibodies. The human bladder tumor cell line is responsive to the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. The mean tumor volume and Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) were plotted for each time point following administration of the activatable antibodies. As show in FIG. 6, each mouse was administered with the activatable antibody (8A) or with the corresponding antibody in an unmasked form.
[0282] Example 12: In vivo intra-tumoral activation of anti-EGFR activatable antibodies
[0283] The experiments below evaluated the in vivo intra-tumoral activation of activatable antibodies containing exemplary substrates of tumor microenvironment proteases, following administration to a human bladder cancer cell xenograft mouse model.
[0284] Specifically, the human bladder cancer-derived cells were implanted subcutaneously in female NOG mice of 6-8 weeks of age. The tumors were grown to an average volume of 400-1000 mm3. The mice were then randomly placed into groups (5 mice per group) and each group was administered intraperitoneally with different activatable antibodies at a dose level of 0.5-10 mg / kg. One Day 1 (1 day following the administration) , blood was collected from the orbital sinus and processed to isolated plasma within 1 hour of collection. Tumors were then collected and homogenized in the presence of protease inhibitors. Activatable antibodies were purified from the protein extracts, which were then analyzed by Western Blot. The fraction of cleaved activatable antibody was determined by dividing the amount of the cleaved activatable antibody to that of the total antibody using an in-housing method. Results of these exemplary assays are summarized in Table 22.
[0285] Table 22. Summary of in vivo intra-tumor activation of the protease substrates
[0286] The results showed that activatable antibodies containing the exemplary substrates exhibited a higher or comparable in vivo intra-tumor activation than an activatable antibody containing the control substrate SEQ ID NO: 1258 (ISSGLLSGRSDNH) . The results also identified a group of substrates whose in vivo intra-tumor activation was greater than 10%. Particularly, a group of substrates whose in vivo intra-tumor activation was greater than 20%were identified. These substrates include SEQ ID NO: 213, SEQ ID NO: 222, SEQ ID NO: 212, SEQ ID NO: 218, SEQ ID NO: 220, SEQ ID NO: 227, SEQ ID NO: 225, SEQ ID NO: 1244, SEQ ID NO: 1232, SEQ ID NO: 288, SEQ ID NO: 251, SEQ ID NO: 1211, SEQ ID NO: 236, SEQ ID NO: 242, SEQ ID NO: 243, SEQ ID NO: 241, SEQ ID NO: 246, SEQ ID NO: 187, SEQ ID NO: 188, SEQ ID NO: 190, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 182, SEQ ID NO: 1215, SEQ ID NO: 327, SEQ ID NO: 1207, SEQ ID NO: 420, SEQ ID NO: 860, SEQ ID NO: 440, and SEQ ID NO: 460.
[0287] OTHER EMBODIMENTS
[0288] It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims
A polypeptide comprising a first mask peptide (M1) , wherein the first mask peptide (M1) comprises the amino acid sequence of CEX1X2C (SEQ ID NO: 56) , wherein X1 is W or A; and X2 is N, A, V, F, or E.The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the M1 comprises the amino acid sequence of CEANC (SEQ ID NO: 57) , CEAAC (SEQ ID NO: 58) , CEWAC (SEQ ID NO: 59) , CEWEC (SEQ ID NO: 60) , CEWFC (SEQ ID NO: 61) , CEWNC (SEQ ID NO: 62) , or CEWVC (SEQ ID NO: 63) .A polypeptide comprising a first mask peptide (M1) , wherein the first mask peptide (M1) comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3X4GCEX5X6CX7X8X9X10X11 (SEQ ID NO: 55) , whereinX1 is A, G, or S;X2 is L, F, R, W, V, D, I, P, M, N, K, T, E, S, H, C, Y, or G;X3 is Q, I, P, R, V, G, N, M, L, H, D, T, F, A, Y, or W;X4 is W, F, T, L, C, A, V, or M;X5 is W or A;X6 is N, A, V, F, or E;X7 is F, G, E, H, V, L, R, K, C, or S;X8 is P, I, E, D, L, G, F, T, M, S, R, V, Q, A, or K;X9 is M, L, N, P, R, Q, T, E, W, S, G, F, Y, K, I, D, A, or V;X10 is A or T; andX11 is M, L, A, F, R, W, K, C, S, E, Y, D, G, T, Q, N, P, H, or V.The polypeptide of claim 3, wherein the first mask peptide (M1) comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-54.A polypeptide comprising a second mask peptide (M2) , wherein the second mask peptide (M2) comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 132-144.A polypeptide comprising a first cleavable peptide (C1) , the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 338) ;wherein:X1 is A, G, L, I, P, F, Y, S, T, Q, H, or V;X2 is H, V, L, I, Q, or R; andX3 is A, P, H, G, or R.The polypeptide of claim 6, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 351-370.The polypeptide of claim 6, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 339) or X1X2X3LX4L (SEQ ID NO: 407) , whereinX4 is L, R, K, Q, F, Y, I, A, T, H, S, V, M, or W; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 405-406; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1126-1201.The polypeptide of claim 8, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 340) , whereinX5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V.The polypeptide of claim 8, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 341) , whereinX5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V.The polypeptide of any one of claims 6-10, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8 (SEQ ID NO: 350) , whereinX7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; andX8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W.The polypeptide of any one of claims 6-10, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 342) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 343) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 344) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 345) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4GS (SEQ ID NO: 346) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5S (SEQ ID NO: 347) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5S (SEQ ID NO: 348) , or X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5GS (SEQ ID NO: 349) , wherein X7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; and X8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 150-337 or any one of SEQ ID NOs: 371-1095;optionally, the C1 further comprises the amino acid sequence of X9X10, wherein X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y;optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3LX4X9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1259) or X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1260) , wherein X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y;optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1202-1257.An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to CD3, comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein(1) the VL comprises, according to the Kabat definition:CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 108, 111, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 109, 111, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 110, 111, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 108, 112, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 108, 113, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 108, 114, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; orCDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 108, 115, and 116, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; andthe VH comprises, according to the Kabat definition:CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 105, 106, and 107 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 105, 106, and 1105 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; orCDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 105, 106, and 1106 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; or(2) the VL comprises, according to the Chothia definition:CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 120, 123, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 121, 123, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 122, 123, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 120, 124, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 120, 125, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 120, 126, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; orCDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 120, 127, and 128, or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; andthe VH comprises, according to the Chothia definition:the VH comprises CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 117, 118, and 119 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ;the VH comprises CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 117, 118, and 1107 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) ; orthe VH comprises CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 117, 118, and 1108 or variant sequences thereof having one or more amino acids substituted, deleted, or added (for example, one, two, or three amino acids substituted, deleted, or added) .The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 13, comprising(1) a heavy chain variable region that comprises:(a) the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 84-87, 1100, and 1101;(b) an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 84-87, 1100, and 1101; or(c) an amino acid sequence that has one or more additions, deletions and / or substitutions compared to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 84-87, 1100, and 1101, wherein the additions, deletions and / or substitutions do not occur in a CDR region; and(2) a light chain variable region that comprises:(a) the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 88-104, and 1102-1104;(b) an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 88-104, and 1102-1104; or(c) an amino acid sequence that has one or more additions, deletions and / or substitutions compared to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 88-104, and 1102-1104, wherein the additions, deletions and / or substitutions do not occur in a CDR region.An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to CD3 comprising a VH and a VL, wherein the VH comprises VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 and the VL comprises VL CDRs 1, 2, 3, wherein the VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 are identical to the VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 present in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 84-87, 1100, and 1101, wherein the VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 are identical to the VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 present in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 88-104, and 1102-1104.An antigen-binding molecule comprising (1) the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 13 or 14, and (2) a TAA-binding domain.The antigen-binding molecule of claim 16, wherein the antigen-binding molecule further comprises a first mask peptide (M1) that impairs the binding of the T cell binding domain to the target of the T cell binding domain, and the first mask peptide is linked to the T cell binding domain through a first cleavable linker (L1) .The antigen-binding molecule of claim 17, wherein the first mask peptide (M1) comprises the amino acid sequence of CEX1X2C (SEQ ID NO: 56) , wherein X1 is W or A; and X2 is N, A, V, F, or E; optionally wherein the M1 comprises the amino acid sequence of CEANC (SEQ ID NO: 57) , CEAAC (SEQ ID NO: 58) , CEWAC (SEQ ID NO: 59) , CEWEC (SEQ ID NO: 60) , CEWFC (SEQ ID NO: 61) , CEWNC (SEQ ID NO: 62) , or CEWVC (SEQ ID NO: 63) .The antigen-binding molecule of claim 17, wherein the M1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3X4GCEX5X6CX7X8X9X10X11 (SEQ ID NO: 55) , whereinX1 is A, G, or S;X2 is L, F, R, W, V, D, I, P, M, N, K, T, E, S, H, C, Y, or G;X3 is Q, I, P, R, V, G, N, M, L, H, D, T, F, A, Y, or W;X4 is W, F, T, L, C, A, V, or M;X5 is W or A;X6 is N, A, V, F, or E;X7 is F, G, E, H, V, L, R, K, C, or S;X8 is P, I, E, D, L, G, F, T, M, S, R, V, Q, A, or K;X9 is M, L, N, P, R, Q, T, E, W, S, G, F, Y, K, I, D, A, or V;X10 is A or T; andX11 is M, L, A, F, R, W, K, C, S, E, Y, D, G, T, Q, N, P, H, or V;optionally wherein the M1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-54.The antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 17-19, wherein the first cleavable linker (L1) comprises a first cleavable peptide (C1) , the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 338) ;wherein:X1 is A, G, L, I, P, F, Y, S, T, Q, H, or V;X2 is H, V, L, I, Q, or R; andX3 is A, P, H, G, or R.The antigen-binding molecule of claim 20, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 351-370.The antigen-binding molecule of claim 20, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 339) or X1X2X3LX4L (SEQ ID NO: 407) , whereinX4 is L, R, K, Q, F, Y, I, A, T, H, S, V, M, or W; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 405-406; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1126-1201.The antigen-binding molecule of claim 22, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 340) , whereinX5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V.The antigen-binding molecule of claim 22, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 341) , whereinX5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V.The antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 20-24, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8 (SEQ ID NO: 350) , whereinX7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, Q, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; andX8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W.The antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 20-24, wherein the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 342) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 343) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 344) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 345) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4GS (SEQ ID NO: 346) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5S (SEQ ID NO: 347) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5S (SEQ ID NO: 348) , or X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5GS (SEQ ID NO: 349) , wherein X7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; and X8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 150-337 or any one of SEQ ID NOs: 371-1095;optionally, the C1 further comprises the amino acid sequence of X9X10, wherein X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y;optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3LX4X9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1259) or X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1260) , wherein X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y;optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1202-1257.The antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 16-26, wherein the TAA binding domain comprises an EGFR binding domain.The antigen-binding molecule of claim 27, wherein the antigen binding molecule further comprises a second mask peptide (M2) that impairs binding of the EGFR binding domain to EGFR and the second mask peptide is linked to the EGFR binding domain through a second cleavable linker (L2) .The antigen-binding molecule of claim 28, wherein the second cleavable linker (L2) comprises a second cleavable peptide (C2) , the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 338) ;wherein:X1 is A, G, L, I, P, F, Y, S, T, Q, H, or V;X2 is H, V, L, I, Q, or R; andX3 is A, P, H, G, or R.The antigen-binding molecule of claim 29, wherein the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 351-370.The antigen-binding molecule of claim 29, wherein the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 339) or X1X2X3LX4L (SEQ ID NO: 407) , whereinX4 is L, R, K, Q, F, Y, I, A, T, H, S, V, M, or W; optionally, the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 405-406; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1126-1201.The antigen-binding molecule of claim 31, wherein the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 340) , whereinX5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V.The antigen-binding molecule of claim 31, wherein the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO: 341) , whereinX5 is G, A, Q, S, R, K, F, I, T, H, Y, or V.The antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 29-33, wherein the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8 (SEQ ID NO: 350) , whereinX7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, Q, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; andX8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W.The antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 29-33, wherein the C2 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3L (SEQ ID NO: 342) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4 (SEQ ID NO: 343) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 344) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5 (SEQ ID NO:345) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4GS (SEQ ID NO: 346) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5S (SEQ ID NO: 347) , X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX5S (SEQ ID NO: 348) , or X7X8X1X2X3LX4X5GS (SEQ ID NO: 349) , wherein X7 is A, D, E, F, G, P, S, T, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, V, W, or Y; and X8 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T, V, Y, M, N, or W; optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 150-337 or any one of SEQ ID NOs: 371-1095;optionally, the C1 further comprises the amino acid sequence of X9X10, wherein X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y;optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of X7X8X1X2X3LX4X9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1259) or X7X8X1X2X3LX4LX9X10 (SEQ ID NO: 1260) , wherein X9 is D, E, G, L, M, N, P, S, or W; and X10 is A, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, or Y;optionally, the C1 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1202-1257.The antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 28-35, wherein the second mask peptide (M2) comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 132-144.The antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 13-36, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a scFv, and / or the TAA-binding domain comprises a Fab.An antigen-binding molecule that cross-compete with the antigen-binding molecule of any one claims 13-15 or the antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 16-37.A nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide of any one of claims 1-12, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 13-15, or the antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 16-38.A vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim 39.A method of producing a polypeptide, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or an antigen binding molecule by culturing a cell under conditions that lead to expression of the polypeptide, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the antigen binding molecule, wherein the cell comprises the vector of claim 40.A method of manufacturing a polypeptide, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or an antigen binding molecule, the method comprising:(a) culturing a cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim 39 to express the polypeptide, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the antigen-binding molecule, and(b) recovering the polypeptide, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the antigen-binding molecule.A polypeptide, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or an antigen-binding molecule that is generated by the method of claim 42.A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 13-15, or the antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 16-38 and 43.An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 13-15, or the antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 16-38 and 43, covalently bound to a therapeutic agent.The antibody drug conjugate of claim 45, wherein the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic or cytostatic agent.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 13-15, the antigen-binding molecule of any one of claims 13-38 and 43, the CAR of claim 44, or the ADC of claim 45 or 46, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.A method of treating a subject having a disease, the method comprising administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 47 to the subject.The method of claim 48, wherein the disease is cancer;preferably, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of cervical cancer, renal cancer, brain cancer, head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, bowel cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, cervical, adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer;preferably, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: colon cancer, pancreas cancer, kidney cancer, cervical, and adenocarcinoma.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Protease-activated t cell bispecific molecules
WO2017162587A1
Antibodies, activatable antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and bispecific activatable antibodies and methods of use thereof
WO2019075405A1
Methods for reducing aggregation of bispecific antibodies
WO2020072306A1
Peptide compositions and methods for Anti-CD3 binding domains
WO2022125562A1
Anti-CD3 antibodies and methods of use thereof
WO2022170619A1