Method for performing communication by device in wireless communication system, and device for same

Abstract

Disclosed is a method by which a device operates in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments. The device may: detect a newly entering terminal in a specific service area; and on the basis of detecting the newly entering terminal, transmit, to at least one terminal in the specific service area, a request message for requesting transmission of a message. Here, the device may determine, on the basis of a load state value, whether to include timing list information in the request message.

Description

Method for performing communication by a device in a wireless communication system and device therefor

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for transmitting and receiving messages by a device in a wireless communication system and to a device therefor.

[0002] Wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA).

[0003] Sidelink (SL) refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE), allowing voice or data to be exchanged directly between terminals without going through a base station (BS). SL is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0004] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0005] Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next-generation wireless access technologies that consider improved mobile broadband communication, massive machine type communication (MTC), and ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) can be called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0006] Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0007] In relation to V2X communication, in RATs prior to NR, methods for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM), and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) were mainly discussed. V2X messages may include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal may transmit a CAM of a periodic message type and / or a DENM of an event triggered message type to another terminal.

[0008] For example, a CAM may include basic vehicle information such as dynamic vehicle status information, such as direction and speed, static vehicle data, such as dimensions, external lighting conditions, and route history. For example, a terminal may broadcast a CAM, and the latency of the CAM may be less than 100 ms. For example, in the event of an emergency, such as a vehicle breakdown or accident, a terminal may generate a DENM and transmit it to other terminals. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the terminal may receive the CAM and / or DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higher priority than the CAM.

[0009] Since then, various V2X scenarios have been proposed in NR in relation to V2X communications. For example, various V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving.

[0010] For example, based on vehicle platooning, vehicles can dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platoon operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles in the group can receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles in the group can use this periodic data to narrow or widen the gap between vehicles.

[0011] For example, based on improved driving, vehicles can become semi-autonomous or fully automated. For example, each vehicle can adjust its trajectories or maneuvers based on data acquired from local sensors of nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. Furthermore, for example, each vehicle can share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

[0012] For example, based on extended sensors, raw data, processed data, or live video data acquired through local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical entities, pedestrian terminals, and / or V2X application servers. Thus, for example, a vehicle can perceive its environment better than it can perceive using its own sensors.

[0013] For example, based on remote driving, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control the remote vehicle for people who cannot drive or for remote vehicles located in hazardous environments. For example, in cases where the route is predictable, such as public transportation, cloud computing-based driving can be utilized to operate or control the remote vehicle. Additionally, access to a cloud-based back-end service platform, for example, can be considered for remote driving.

[0014] Meanwhile, a method to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios, such as vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, expanded sensors, and remote driving, is being discussed in NR-based V2X communication.

[0015] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently transmitting and receiving messages in a wireless communication system and a device therefor.

[0016] The technical challenges are not limited to the technical challenges mentioned above, and other technical challenges not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

[0017] A method by a network according to one aspect includes the steps of: detecting a new entry terminal in a specific service area; and transmitting a request message requesting transmission of a new message to at least one terminal within the specific service area based on the detection of the new entry terminal; wherein the network determines whether to include timing list information in the request message based on a load status value of the network, and the timing list information may include a plurality of candidate timings for distributing transmission timing of the new message among the at least one terminal.

[0018] Alternatively, the specific service area may be an area in which a transmission method is applied in which transmission of a message is triggered based on a difference between a predicted location based on mobility information and a measured location based on positioning exceeding a certain threshold error.

[0019] Alternatively, based on the prediction that the load status value of the network will exceed a specific threshold by transmission of a message triggered by transmission of the at least one terminal by transmission of the request message, the network may transmit the request message further including the timing list information.

[0020] Alternatively, the load status value of the network may be determined based on at least one of the processing capacity of received messages that the network can process simultaneously, the uplink data load associated with the Uu interface, or the number of terminals connected to the network.

[0021] Alternatively, based on the fact that the specific service area is based on the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) message protocol, the new entry terminal may be detected based on whether there is a change in a topic (TOPIC), subscription area, or publication area related to the MQTT message protocol.

[0022] Alternatively, the new entry terminal may be a terminal that first connected to the network in relation to the specific service area, or a terminal that re-connects to the network after a preset threshold time has elapsed.

[0023] Alternatively, the at least one terminal may include at least one terminal that satisfies at least one specific condition in relation to the new entry terminal and a plurality of terminals within the service area.

[0024] Alternatively, the at least one specific condition may be determined based on at least one of a wireless communication range of the new entry terminal, a service radius supported for the new entry terminal within the specific service area, or a collision risk detection radius for the new entry terminal.

[0025] According to another aspect, at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, perform operations, the operations including: detecting a new entry terminal in a specific service area; and transmitting a request message requesting transmission of a new message to at least one terminal within the specific service area based on the detection of the new entry terminal, wherein the request message determines whether to include timing list information based on a load status value of a network, and the timing list information may include a plurality of candidate timings for distributing transmission timings of the new message among the at least one terminal.

[0026] According to another aspect, a network includes: a Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and a memory including at least one program that performs operations when executed by the processor, wherein the operations include: detecting a new entry terminal in a specific service area; and transmitting a request message requesting transmission of a new message to at least one terminal within the specific service area based on the detection of the new entry terminal, wherein the request message determines whether to include timing list information based on a load status value of the network, and the timing list information may include a plurality of candidate timings for distributing transmission timings of the new message among the at least one terminal.

[0027] According to another aspect, a processing device for controlling a network comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, the operations comprising: detecting a new entry terminal in a specific service area; and transmitting a request message requesting transmission of a new message to at least one terminal within the specific service area based on the detection of the new entry terminal, wherein the request message determines whether to include timing list information based on a load status value of a network, and the timing list information may include a plurality of candidate timings for distributing transmission timings of the new message among the at least one terminal.

[0028] According to another aspect, a method by a terminal includes the steps of: transmitting a first message including first mobility information to a network based on satisfaction of a specific condition within a specific service area; receiving a request message from the network requesting transmission of a message; and transmitting a second message including second mobility information based on the request message regardless of whether the specific condition is satisfied, wherein the second message can be transmitted at one candidate timing randomly selected from among the plurality of candidate timings based on the request message including timing list information including a plurality of candidate timings for distributing message transmission timings of each of the at least one terminal.

[0029] In another aspect, at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium comprises instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, perform operations, including: transmitting a first message including first mobility information to a network based on satisfaction of a specific condition within a specific service area; receiving a request message from the network requesting transmission of a message; and transmitting a second message including second mobility information based on the request message, regardless of whether the specific condition is satisfied; and wherein, based on timing list information including a plurality of candidate timings for distributing message transmission timings of each of the at least one terminal, the second message can be transmitted at one candidate timing randomly selected from the plurality of candidate timings.

[0030] According to another aspect, a terminal includes: a radio frequency (RF) transceiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and a memory including at least one program that performs operations when executed by the processor, wherein the operations include: transmitting a first message including first mobility information to a network based on satisfaction of a specific condition within a specific service area; receiving a request message requesting transmission of a message from the network; and transmitting a second message including second mobility information based on the request message regardless of whether the specific condition is satisfied, wherein the second message can be transmitted at one candidate timing randomly selected from among the plurality of candidate timings based on the request message including timing list information including a plurality of candidate timings for distributing message transmission timings of each of the at least one terminal.

[0031] According to another aspect, a processing device for controlling a terminal includes at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, the operations including: transmitting a first message including first mobility information to a network based on satisfaction of a specific condition within a specific service area; receiving a request message requesting transmission of a message from the network; and transmitting a second message including second mobility information based on the request message regardless of whether the specific condition is satisfied, wherein the second message can be transmitted at one candidate timing randomly selected from the plurality of candidate timings based on the request message including timing list information including a plurality of candidate timings for distributing message transmission timings of each of the at least one terminal.

[0032] According to various embodiments, a device in a wireless communication system can efficiently transmit and receive messages. For example, a sudden increase in UL data traffic can be prevented when transmitting V2X messages via the Uu interface.

[0033] The effects that can be obtained in various embodiments are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

[0034] The drawings attached to this specification are intended to provide an understanding of the present invention, illustrate various embodiments of the present invention, and together with the description of the specification serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0036] Figure 2 shows the structure of the LTE system.

[0037] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0038] Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

[0039] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0040] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 11 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication.

[0046] Figure 12 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0047] Figure 13 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

[0048] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating the structure / format of a message defined in a given scenario.

[0051] Figure 17 is a drawing for explaining a method for predicting collision / accident risk based on the location of a terminal.

[0052] Figure 18 is a diagram for explaining a method of defining a new entry terminal in relation to MQTT.

[0053] Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating a method for a network to transmit a request message based on detection of a new entry terminal.

[0054] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a method for a terminal or device to transmit a new message based on reception of a request message.

[0055] Figure 21 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

[0056] Figure 22 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0057] Figure 23 shows another example of a wireless device applied to the present invention.

[0058] Figure 24 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied.

[0059] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA).

[0060] Sidelink refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UEs), allowing voice or data to be exchanged directly between terminals without going through a base station (BS). Sidelink is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0061] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0062] Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next-generation wireless access technologies that consider improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) can be called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication.

[0063] The following technologies can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, providing backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA (evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access), employing OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink.LTE-A (advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0064] 5G NR, the successor to LTE-A, is a new clean-slate mobile communications system featuring high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0065] For clarity, the description will focus on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical ideas of the embodiment(s) are not limited thereto.

[0066] Figure 2 illustrates the architecture of an applicable LTE system. This may be referred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-A system.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station (20; BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to by other terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10), and may be referred to by other terms such as an evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

[0068] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other via the X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to an EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) via the S1 interface, more specifically, to an MME (Mobility Management Entity) via the S1-MME, and to an S-GW (Serving Gateway) via the S1-U.

[0069] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information about terminal access and capabilities, and this information is primarily used for terminal mobility management. The S-GW is a gateway with the E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with the PDN as its endpoint.

[0070] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to Layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in Layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0071] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 3, the NG-RAN may include a gNB and / or an eNB that provides user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE. FIG. 7 illustrates a case where only a gNB is included. The gNB and eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNB and eNB are connected to the 5th generation core network (5G Core Network: 5GC) via the NG interface. More specifically, the gNB is connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via the NG-C interface, and the gNB is connected to the user plane function (UPF) via the NG-U interface.

[0073] Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 4, radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (Half-Frames, HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms sub-frames (Subframes, SF). A sub-frame can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a sub-frame can be determined by the Subcarrier Spacing (SCS). Each slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0075] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0076] Table 1 below shows the number of symbols per slot ((N)) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame ((N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe ((N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0077] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0078] Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS when extended CP is used.

[0079] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0080] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

[0081] In NR, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS can support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS can support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. A 60 kHz or higher SCS can support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0082] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges can be FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges can be as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0083] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0084] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, such as for vehicular communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0085] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0086] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0087] Referring to Figure 5, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.

[0088] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0089] Meanwhile, the wireless interface between terminals or between terminals and a network may be composed of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the L1 layer may refer to a physical layer. Furthermore, for example, the L2 layer may refer to at least one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer. Furthermore, for example, the L3 layer may refer to an RRC layer.

[0090] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0091] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0092] - Satellite integrated network

[0093] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0094] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0095] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0096] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0097] - small cell networks

[0098] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0099] - High-capacity backhaul

[0100] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0101] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0102] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0103] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0104] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0105] Figure 7 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

[0106] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0107] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0108] - Optical wireless technology

[0109] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0110] - Quantum communication

[0111] - Cell-free communication

[0112] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0113] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0114] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0115] - Big data analysis

[0116] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0117] - metaverse

[0118] - Blockchain

[0119] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0120] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0121] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 9, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the replay payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 8 and 9 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0122] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 10 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 10 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0123] Figure 11 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication. Specifically, Figure 11 (a) illustrates the user plane protocol stack of NR, and Figure 11 (b) illustrates the control plane protocol stack of NR.

[0124] Below, the SL synchronization signal (Sidelink Synchronization Signal, SLSS) and synchronization information are described.

[0125] SLSS is an SL-specific sequence and may include a Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and a Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS). The PSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal (S-SSS). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for the S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for the S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal and acquire synchronization using the S-PSS. For example, a terminal may acquire detailed synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID using the S-PSS and the S-SSS.

[0126] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in NR V2X, for evaluating PSBCH performance, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC.

[0127] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0128] Meanwhile, in the NR SL system, multiple numerologies having different SCS and / or CP lengths may be supported. In this case, as the SCS increases, the length of the time resource for a transmitting terminal to transmit an S-SSB may become shorter. Accordingly, the coverage of the S-SSB may decrease. Therefore, in order to ensure the coverage of the S-SSB, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or more S-SSBs to a receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs that the transmitting terminal transmits to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period may be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission period may be 160 ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission period of 160 ms may be supported for all SCSs.

[0129] For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 30 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0130] For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 120 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0131] Meanwhile, when the SCS is 60 kHz, two types of CP may be supported. In addition, the structure of the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal may be different depending on the CP type. For example, the CP type may be Normal CP (NCP) or Extended CP (ECP). Specifically, for example, when the CP type is NCP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 9 or 8. On the other hand, for example, when the CP type is ECP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 7 or 6. For example, the PSBCH may be mapped to the first symbol within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal. For example, the receiving terminal receiving the S-SSB may perform an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) operation in the first symbol section of the S-SSB.

[0132] Figure 12 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0133] Referring to FIG. 12, the term "terminal" in V2X or SL communication may primarily refer to a user's terminal. However, if a network device such as a base station transmits and receives signals according to a communication method between terminals, the base station may also be considered a type of terminal. For example, terminal 1 may be a first device (100), and terminal 2 may be a second device (200).

[0134] For example, terminal 1 can select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource within a resource pool, which represents a set of resources. Then, terminal 1 can transmit an SL signal using the resource unit. For example, terminal 2, which is a receiving terminal, can be configured with a resource pool in which terminal 1 can transmit a signal, and can detect a signal from terminal 1 within the resource pool.

[0135] Here, if terminal 1 is within the connection range of the base station, the base station can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool. On the other hand, if terminal 1 is outside the connection range of the base station, another terminal can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool, or terminal 1 can use a pre-configured resource pool.

[0136] In general, a resource pool can be composed of multiple resource units, and each terminal can select one or multiple resource units to use for its SL signal transmission.

[0137] Figure 13 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

[0138] Referring to Figure 13, the entire frequency resources of the resource pool can be divided into NF units, and the entire time resources of the resource pool can be divided into NT units. Therefore, a total of NF * NT resource units can be defined within the resource pool. Figure 13 illustrates an example where the resource pool repeats with a cycle of NT subframes.

[0139] As illustrated in Figure 13, a single resource unit (e.g., Unit #0) may appear periodically and repeatedly. Alternatively, to achieve diversity effects in the time or frequency dimensions, the index of the physical resource unit to which a single logical resource unit is mapped may change in a predetermined pattern over time. In this resource unit structure, a resource pool may refer to a set of resource units that a terminal wishing to transmit an SL signal can use for transmission.

[0140] Resource pools can be subdivided into several categories. For example, based on the content of the SL signal transmitted from each resource pool, resource pools can be categorized as follows:

[0141] (1) Scheduling Assignment (SA) may be a signal that includes information such as the location of resources used by a transmitting terminal for transmission of an SL data channel, MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission method required for demodulation of other data channels, and TA (Timing Advance). SA may also be transmitted multiplexed with SL data on the same resource unit, in which case the SA resource pool may mean a resource pool in which SA is multiplexed with SL data and transmitted. SA may also be called an SL control channel.

[0142] (2) The SL data channel (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, PSSCH) may be a resource pool used by a transmitting terminal to transmit user data. If SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data on the same resource unit, only the SL data channel excluding SA information may be transmitted from the resource pool for the SL data channel. In other words, the REs (Resource Elements) that were used to transmit SA information on individual resource units within the SA resource pool may still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, the transmitting terminal may transmit the PSSCH by mapping it to consecutive PRBs.

[0143] (3) A discovery channel may be a resource pool for transmitting terminals to transmit information such as their IDs. Through this, transmitting terminals can enable neighboring terminals to discover them.

[0144] Even if the content of the SL signal described above is the same, different resource pools may be used depending on the transmission and reception properties of the SL signal. For example, even if it is the same SL data channel or discovery message, it may be again divided into different resource pools depending on the transmission timing determination method of the SL signal (for example, whether it is transmitted at the time of reception of a synchronization reference signal or whether it is transmitted by applying a certain timing advance at the time of reception), the resource allocation method (for example, whether the base station designates transmission resources for individual signals to individual transmitting terminals or whether individual transmitting terminals independently select individual signal transmission resources within the resource pool), the signal format (for example, the number of symbols each SL signal occupies in one subframe or the number of subframes used for transmission of one SL signal), the signal strength from the base station, the transmission power strength of the SL terminal, etc.

[0145] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0146] Referring to Figure 14, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0147] The BWP can be set by Point A, an offset from Point A (NstartBWP), and a bandwidth (NsizeBWP). For example, Point A can be an outer reference point of a PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) are aligned. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and Point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0148] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0149] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0150] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0151] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0152] Referring to (a) of FIG. 15, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S1500, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0153] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0154] In step S1510, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S1520, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S1540, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0155] Referring to (b) of FIG. 15, in resource allocation mode 2, a terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by a base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S1510, a first terminal that has selected resources by itself within a resource pool can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to a second terminal using the resources. In step S1520, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0156] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 15, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH may be referred to as a 1st SCI, a 1st SCI, a 1st-stage SCI, or a 1st-stage SCI format, and an SCI transmitted on a PSSCH may be referred to as a 2nd SCI, a 2nd SCI, a 2nd-stage SCI, or a 2nd-stage SCI format.

[0157] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 15, in step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0158] Referring to (a) of FIG. 15, in step S1540, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0159] Meanwhile, the aforementioned sidelink can be defined as terminal-to-terminal communication or direct communication between terminals. In this case, the PSCCH can be defined as a physical control channel for terminal-to-terminal communication, the PSSCH as a physical data channel or physical shared channel for terminal-to-terminal communication, and the PSFCH as a physical feedback transmission channel between terminals.

[0160] A method for generating V2X messages based on terminal location prediction considering newly entrant terminals.

[0161] 1. A method of transmitting messages in a given scenario (e.g., Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) standard).

[0162] Messages defined in the ITS standard can be divided into periodic transmission and / or aperiodic transmission (e.g., event-triggered transmission) depending on the type of message. In this case, “periodic transmission” basically means that messages are generated / transmitted according to a (pre-)defined / set message transmission cycle, and when a (pre-)defined / set message generation / transmission triggering condition is satisfied, it means a message transmission method that allows message generation / transmission at a specific point in time within the defined / set cycle. For example, a message defined to be transmitted periodically can mean that message generation / transmission must be performed according to the (pre-)defined / set cycle even if an event corresponding to the (pre-)defined / set message generation / transmission triggering condition does not occur. This may mean that, regardless of whether an event corresponding to a triggering condition for message creation / transmission occurs, the time interval between the previous message transmission (e.g., the Nth message transmission) and the next message transmission (e.g., the (N+1)th message transmission) cannot be longer than a (pre-)defined / set time interval (e.g., the message creation / transmission cycle).

[0163] (1) Definition of optional data fields such as path history / prediction in a given scenario (e.g., ITS standard)

[0164] Figure 16 is a drawing for explaining the composition / format of a message defined in a given scenario.

[0165] Referring to FIG. 16, the message composition / format in a given scenario (e.g., ITS standard, ETSI TS 103 300-3) is defined by dividing it into mandatory container / data / field and optional container / data / field. For example, in the case of the Vulnerable Road Users Awareness Message (VAM) defined for the purpose of VRU awareness basic service, it can be composed of containers as shown in FIG. 16, and each container can be composed of one or more data fields (Data fields, DF). In addition, in a given scenario, each container / DF is defined by dividing it into mandatory containers / DFs that must be included when transmitting a message, and / or optional containers / DFs.

[0166] Meanwhile, as illustrated in FIG. 16, a message for VRU protection purposes, such as VAM, may include DFs such as path history and path prediction. And / or, as illustrated in Table 5, the DF of the path history / path prediction defined in a given scenario may be expressed by at least one (e.g., 40 or less) path points, and each path point may be composed of path position, which is location information of a VRU path, and path delta time information, which indicates at which point in time the path position information is information.

[0167]

[0168] However, in a given scenario, the detailed message operation method, such as under what conditions (e.g., VRU location, surrounding conditions, communication environment, etc.) the optional container / DF should be included in the message and transmitted, is not specified. For DFs composed of one or more route points, such as route history / route prediction, the criteria / method for adjusting / determining the number of route points to be included (or can be included) in the message, etc., is not defined. Here, the size of the VRU message to be generated / transmitted may vary depending on whether an optional DF / container such as a route history / route prediction DF is included in the VRU message, or if a route history / route prediction DF is included in the VRU message and transmitted, how many route points are included in the message. In this way, the variation in the size of the VRU message may affect the amount of data traffic transmitted by the VRU terminal to the other VRU / vehicle / RSU (road side unit) / base station, etc., (and / or) the transmission power / electricity / time length required for the message transmission of the VRU terminal. Therefore, if possible, it may be desirable to structure the message in a way that can reduce the size of the data message transmitted by the VRU (or containing information about the VRU).

[0169] 3. Defining the role / status of VRU in the scenario

[0170] A message defined in a given scenario can be classified into periodic transmission and / or aperiodic transmission (e.g., event-triggered transmission) depending on the type of message. In this case, “periodic transmission” basically means that a message is generated / transmitted according to a (pre-)defined / set message transmission cycle, and when a (pre-)defined / set message triggering condition is satisfied, message generation / transmission can be performed within a time interval within the set cycle. For example, according to the given scenario (e.g., ETSI ITS standard; ETSI TS 103 300-3), when a VRU terminal is in a VRU-ACTIVE STANDALONE state and at least one of the conditions defined in Table 6 is satisfied, generation / transmission of a VAM can be triggered.

[0171] Consecutive VAM transmissions are contingent upon the conditions described here. Consecutive individual VAM generation events shall occur at an interval equal to or larger thanT_GenVam.An individual VAM shall be generated for transmission as part of a generation event if the originating VRU ITS-S is still in VBS VRU-ACTIVESTANDALONE VBS state, any of the following conditions is satisfied and individual VAM transmission is not subject to redundancy mitigation techniques:1) The time elapsed since the last time the individual VAM was transmitted exceedsLGenVamMax.2) The Euclidian absolute distance between the current estimated position of the reference point of the VRU and the estimated position of the reference point lastly included in an individual VAM exceeds a pre-defined thresholdminReferencePointPositionChangeThreshold.3) The difference between the current estimated ground speed of the reference point of the VRU and the estimated absolute speed of the reference point of the VRU lastly included in an individual V AM exceeds a pre-defined thresholdminGroundSpeedChangeThreshold.4) The difference between the orientation of the vector of the current estimated ground velocity of the reference point of the VRU and the estimated orientation of the vector of the ground velocity of the reference point of the VRU lastly included in an individual V AM exceeds a pre-defined thresholdminGroundVelocityOrientationChangeThreshold.5) The VRU has determined that there is a difference between the current estimated trajectory interception probability with vehicle(s) or other VRU(s) and the trajectory interception probability with vehicle(s) or other VRU(s) lastly reported in an individual V AM exceeds a predefined thresholdminTrajectorylnterceptionProbChangeThreshold.6) The originating ITS-S is a VRU in VRU-ACTIVE-ST AND ALONE VBS state and has decided to join a cluster after its previous individual V AM transmission.7) VRU has determined that one or more new vehicles or other VRUs have satisfied the following conditions simultaneously after the lastly transmitted VAM:- coming closer than minimum safe lateral distance (MSLaD) laterally;- coming closer than minimum safe longitudinal distance (MSLoD) longitudinally;- coming closer than minimum safe vertical distance (MSVD) vertically.

[0172] Meanwhile, in the above-described given scenario (e.g., ETSI TS 103 300-3), the role / state of the VRU terminal is defined as shown in Table 7 below. The VRU terminal may transition to the VRU_ROLE_OFF state when it is determined that it is in a zero-risk area (e.g., located inside a car / bus / building). In this state (e.g., VRU_ROLE_OFF state), the VRU terminal may not perform either transmission or reception of the VRU message, VAM.

[0173]

[0174] In addition, according to a given scenario (e.g., ETSI TS 103 300-3), a VRU terminal may transition its state to a VRU-Passive state if it determines that it is in a low-risk area. In this case, it may be allowed that VAM transmission from the VRU terminal is not performed. Therefore, in summary of the above, although VAM is defined as a message that is transmitted periodically in the above-described given scenario (e.g., ETSI ITS standard), it is supported / allowed that the VRU terminal does not transmit the VAM if it determines that the VRU is in a low-risk area (e.g., zero / low-risk area). The states of the VRU terminal related to this may be defined as in Table 8.

[0175]

[0176] Meanwhile, proposals related to a given scenario (e.g., Ericsson's contribution to 5GAA in 2017; A-170134) include the following:

[0177] - In a given scenario, only broadcast transmission of CAM messages is considered, and the message (e.g., CAM) can be transmitted periodically (even without a special event).

[0178] - When a terminal transmits a CAM message using a Uu link, the CAM message may not be transmitted periodically. In this case, it may be efficient for the terminal (or server / cloud) to predict the location of the terminal, and for the terminal to transmit the message to the server / cloud via an UL signal (or for the server to transmit (e.g., forward) the message for the terminal to the receiving terminal via a DL signal only when the location of the terminal exceeds a specific threshold value (set in advance). In this case, there may be an effect of reducing UL and / or DL ​​traffic.

[0179] - For example, when interpreting from the perspective of a change in the spec related to the above-mentioned scenario, it may be considered to delete the maximum transmission cycle of the CAM (e.g., 1 second) defined as a message generation triggering condition in the given scenario, and to add “when the terminal location predicted by the terminal (or server / cloud) differs from the current actual terminal location by more than a certain threshold value set (in advance)” as a new trigger condition.

[0180] Fig. 17 is a drawing for explaining a method for predicting collision / accident risk based on the location of a terminal, and Fig. 18 is a drawing for explaining a method for defining a new entry terminal in relation to MQTT.

[0181] As illustrated in Fig. 17 (a), the server / cloud can predict the location of a transmitting (and / or receiving) terminal and / or the collision / accident risk of said terminal. Alternatively, as illustrated in Fig. 17 (b), the terminal can directly predict its own location and / or collision / accident risk.

[0182] Various messages (e.g., ITS messages) defined in a given scenario can be transmitted and received via Uu V2X and / or direct communication (e.g., LTE / NR sidelink, ITS-G5, IEEE 802.11p-based short range communication). At this time, the terminal and / or server / cloud / central-ITS station / MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing) can predict / measure the position of the terminal (or, transmitting terminal), and can generate / transmit a message only when the error between the predicted / measured terminal position and the actual terminal position exceeds the allowable position error level. In this case, the effect of significantly reducing data traffic (e.g., UL / DL traffic, congestion of UL / DL / SL channels (e.g., CBR), data traffic in server-to-server communication) can be obtained. Meanwhile, the various messages may include CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message), DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message), VAM (Vulnerable Road User Awareness Message), BSM (Basic Safety Message), PSM (Personal Safety Message), etc.

[0183] As illustrated in Fig. 17, in Uu V2X, a terminal (or server, etc.) can determine whether to generate / transmit a message (or whether to trigger message generation / transmission) based on the predicted terminal location. Such message generation / transmission based on terminal location prediction may be an operation based on the method described below.

[0184] - A terminal or a transmitting terminal can predict its own location. For example, the terminal can predict its own location based on information about itself (e.g., location and / or speed and / or acceleration and / or heading, etc.) included in the message it most recently sent (e.g., CAM / DENM / VAM / BSM / PSM), its current driving state (e.g., location and / or speed and / or acceleration and / or heading, etc.) that it knows (or has measured), and / or an AI / ML algorithm, etc. If the difference between its predicted location and its actual current location (e.g., location measured based on GPS, GNSS, PRS, etc.) is equal to or exceeds a (preliminary) set allowable location error level, the terminal can generate a new message including its (latest) information (or mobility information) and transmit the generated message to a server / cloud / MEC.

[0185] For example, the terminal may predict its predicted location based on mobility information included in the message it most recently transmitted, calculate the difference between the predicted location and an actual measured location using GPS / GNSS (Global Positioning System / Global Navigation Satellite System) signals, etc., and transmit a (new) message including its current mobility information when the calculated difference exceeds / is greater than a certain threshold.

[0186] Meanwhile, in direct communication, it may be considered that an operation identical / similar to the message generation / transmission operation based on terminal location prediction described above in relation to Uu V2X is performed. For example, the terminal may predict its own location as described above (e.g., predict its own location based on mobility information included in a recently transmitted message), and if the difference between the predicted predicted location and the actual current location (e.g., measured location acquired / measured through positioning) is greater than a (preliminary) set allowable location error level, generate a new message including its own (latest) information (e.g., mobility information), and transmit the generated new message to (surrounding) receiving terminal(s) through direct communication in a unicast / groupcast / broadcast manner.

[0187] In the above-described location prediction-based message generation / transmission method, message transmission / reception can be performed only when the predicted terminal location (or predicted location) and the actual terminal location (or measured location) exceed the allowable location error level. Conversely, if the difference between the predicted location and the measured location is within the allowable location error level, message generation / transmission / reception at the terminal may not be performed. In this case, the time interval between the generation / transmission of a previous message and the generation / transmission of a next message may become quite long. For example, the time difference between the generation / transmission time of a previous message and the generation / transmission time of a next message may be greater than the maximum allowable time interval defined in the above-described scenario. Meanwhile, if a terminal is a “newly entrant terminal (or, new entry device)” that has newly entered a service / communication area to support a specific service, the new entry terminal must know information (e.g., the location / ID / speed / acceleration / predicted path of the surrounding terminal and / or information about the time point at which the terminal’s path prediction was performed / path history, etc.) about the surrounding terminals at an equivalent level (or identical) to that of the surrounding terminals (e.g., the surrounding terminals existing in the communication area that supports / is supported by the same service) in order to be able to perform normal operations on par with the surrounding terminals in the given scenario. However, as described above, if a message based on terminal location prediction is generated / transmitted (e.g., aperiodic message generation / transmission based on terminal location prediction is performed), it may be difficult for the new entry terminal to perform normal operations (e.g., recognizing the existence of the surrounding terminal, or making judgments / supporting services based on relationships / interactions with the surrounding terminals, such as collision risk detection) until it receives all information about the surrounding terminals from the surrounding terminals (which the surrounding terminals have already obtained through message reception at a previous point in time).Therefore, below, we propose a method for generating V2X messages based on terminal location prediction that takes into account newly entrant terminals. For example, below, we propose a method for effectively and efficiently providing information about surrounding terminals to newly entrant terminals even when the generation / transmission of messages based on the terminal location prediction is assumed.

[0188] 1. Proposal 1: When a “new entry terminal” seeking service is encountered, the server / MEC / cloud can notify surrounding terminals that satisfy “specific conditions” of the occurrence of the new entry terminal, or request the surrounding terminals to create / transmit a new message (taking into account the occurrence of the new entry terminal).

[0189] (1) New entry terminal

[0190] The above-mentioned “new entry terminal” may mean a terminal that satisfies at least one of the following conditions.

[0191] 1) A terminal newly registered / connected to the server

[0192] - i) Example 1: A terminal that first connected to the server, and a terminal that reconnected after a specific time (pre-set) after connecting to the server.

[0193] - ii) Example 2: The action of a terminal registering / connecting to a server may mean an action of a terminal signing up for a specific service or logging in to the service / server to use the service, an action of a terminal uploading information about itself (e.g., terminal location, ID, etc.) to the server (for the first time after signing up and / or for the first time after a preset time has elapsed), etc.

[0194] 2) A terminal that has been unable to receive (and / or transmit) messages for a certain period of time due to a specific reason (e.g., poor communication quality, out of service area) and has been able to send and receive messages and / or provide services again through improvement in communication quality and / or return to the service area.

[0195] 3) Terminals whose publication / subscription area / topic has been changed and / or expanded in MQTT-based geo-cast (publish / subscribe)

[0196] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 18, in a tile-based geo-cast method (e.g., topic-based message subscription / publication in MQTT), it can be assumed that each terminal sets the tile in which it is located / belongs as a publish area / topic, and the tile in which it is located / belongs and 8 adjacent tiles as a subscribe area / topic.

[0197] In this case, as illustrated in FIG. 18 (a), UE1 and UE2 may not be included in each other's subscription areas / topics. For example, a message published by UE1 may not be subscribed to by UE2, and a message published by UE2 may not be subscribed to by UE1. Later, as illustrated in FIG. 18 (b), the publication / subscription area of ​​UE2 may change due to movement of UE2, and the change in the publication / subscription area may cause UE1 and UE2 to be included in each other's subscription areas / topics. For example, UE2 may become a new terminal that has entered the subscription area of ​​UE1, and UE1 may be a (new) terminal that belongs to the changed subscription area of ​​UE2. If the difference between the current location (or measured location) of two terminals and the location (or predicted location) predicted by the terminal at the previous time and the location predicted by the terminal based on the information included in the message transmitted at the previous time is within the error range (following the message generation rule based on terminal location prediction), the two terminals may not generate a new message even if they are moving and the publish / subscribe area has changed. For example, the two terminals may not generate a new message if the difference between the predicted location predicted based on the mobility information of their previous message and the measured current measured location is within the error range. In this case, as described above, the two terminals may have difficulty in recognizing each other's presence / location, and the problem may arise that the two terminals may not be able to support the same service as other nearby terminals that were in the subscription area of ​​the two terminals (and / or other nearby terminals that operate without changing the subscription area, or nearby terminals that satisfy specific conditions).

[0198] (2) Peripheral terminals that satisfy specific conditions

[0199] The peripheral terminal satisfying the above “specific condition” may be a terminal satisfying at least one of the following conditions.

[0200] 1) A terminal within the (RF) communication range of a new entrant terminal.

[0201] 2) Surrounding terminals that support the same / similar / related services as the newly entrant terminals

[0202] 3) Based on the newly entered terminal, the surrounding terminals within the service radius of the service requirements that must be supported to the terminal (or the newly entered terminal)

[0203] 4) In the geo-cast transmission based on the publication / subscription area, if there is a terminal whose subscription and / or publication area / topic has been changed / expanded, the terminal and / or the surrounding terminal located in the subscription / publication area of ​​the terminal or subscribing / publishing a topic related to the terminal.

[0204] 5) When there is a need for surrounding terminals to be aware of the appearance / existence of a new terminal, or when there is a need for judgment or service support based on relationships / interactions with surrounding terminals, such as detection of collision risks between terminals.

[0205] (3) Triggering of transmission of new messages due to the occurrence of a new entry terminal

[0206] An example of an operation in which a server / network notifies surrounding terminals that satisfy specific conditions of the occurrence of a new entry terminal or requests the surrounding terminals (and / or new entry terminals) to create / transmit a new message in consideration of the occurrence of a new entry terminal may be as follows.

[0207] 1) The server / MEC / cloud transmits a message containing a message and / or indicator to notify surrounding terminals of the occurrence of a new terminal in broadcast / groupcast / unicast mode.

[0208] 2) The server / MEC / cloud sends a request message to surrounding terminals to request the creation / transmission of new messages (considering the occurrence of new terminals).

[0209] - A terminal receiving a request message (e.g., a neighboring terminal and / or a new entrant terminal) may know that the reason for creating / transmitting a new message is the “occurrence of a new entrant terminal.” However, it may simply perform a new message creation operation based on a server / MEC / cloud request without knowing the exact reason for creating / transmitting a new message. This operation of a terminal is described in detail in Proposal 2.

[0210] 3) In the same manner as '1)' and / or '2)' described above, the peripheral terminals (and / or new entrant terminals) may generate / transmit new messages based on information exchange between the server / MEC / cloud and the peripheral terminals (and / or new entrant terminals). In this case, the server / MEC / cloud may experience a rapid increase in UL traffic at a specific point in time due to the (simultaneous) generation / transmission of new messages by multiple peripheral terminals (and / or new entrant terminals). To prevent this, the server / MEC / cloud may provide the terminals with information for setting message generation / transmission timing so that new messages are generated / transmitted at different times for each terminal. In this case, the generation / transmission of the new messages at distributed time points may distribute the generation timing of the UL traffic. For example, the server / MEC / cloud may additionally include timing list information for distributing the transmission timing of the new messages between the terminals in the request message requesting the transmission of the new message.

[0211] - i) Such an operation (e.g., distributing the transmission timing of a new message) may be performed / applied / initiated only when a specific load condition is satisfied. For example, the specific load condition may be when the UL traffic load of the server / MEC / cloud is above a specific threshold level (or is expected to be above a specific threshold level), when the message / operation processing capacity that can be processed simultaneously in the server / MEC / cloud is above a specific threshold level (or is expected to be above a specific threshold level), and / or when the number of terminals connected to the server / MEC / cloud is above a specific threshold level (or is expected to be above a specific threshold level).

[0212] - ii) For example, the message generation / transmission timing setting information (or timing list information) that the server / MEC / cloud provides to the terminals may be time information (or time interval information from the current time to message generation / transmission) at which each terminal generates / transmits a new message. The server / MEC / cloud may transmit different message generation / transmission timing setting information to each terminal, and allow each terminal to generate / transmit a message according to the timing according to the timing setting information. Alternatively, the server / MEC / cloud may transmit at least one candidate timing list for a plurality of timings related to message generation / transmission to the terminals, and each terminal may (randomly) select one of the plurality of timings included in the at least one candidate timing list to generate / transmit a new message.

[0213] Hereinafter, as described in Proposal 1, when the server / MEC / cloud notifies surrounding terminals of the occurrence of a new entry terminal or transmits a request message requesting the surrounding terminals (and / or the new entry terminal) to create / transmit a new message considering the occurrence of a new entry terminal, specific operations of the surrounding terminals and / or the new entry terminal that receive the request message are described.

[0214] 2. Proposal 2

[0215] In the case of Proposal 2, a surrounding terminal and / or a new-entry terminal that has received event information on the occurrence of a new entry terminal from a server / MEC / cloud (e.g., through the method described in Proposal 1) and / or new message generation / transmission request information due to the occurrence of the new entry terminal can generate a new message including new prediction / mobility information about itself (even though it is driving within the tolerance of the existing prediction) and broadcast / groupcast / unicast the generated new message to its “surrounding terminals (including new entry terminals)”.

[0216] “Peripheral terminals” must include newly entrant terminals, and may also include peripheral terminals that satisfy the “specific conditions” described as an example in Proposal 1.

[0217] In Proposal 1, the server / MEC / cloud (1) transmits a message containing a message / indicator notifying the occurrence of a new terminal entry, and (2) transmits a request message requesting the creation / transmission of a new message. Below, the terminal's behavior in case "(1)" and the terminal's behavior in case "(2)" are described separately.

[0218] (1) In case of receiving a message containing a message / indicator notifying the occurrence of a new terminal entry

[0219] In the message generation / transmission based on terminal location prediction, a new message generation / transmission triggering condition may be newly defined as an event of reception of the message / indicator (and / or recognition of the occurrence of a new entry terminal by the terminal based on the message / indicator). In this case, terminals (surrounding terminals and / or new entry terminals) that have received the message / indicator may generate a new message including new prediction / mobility information about themselves (according to the message generation rule) and transmit the new message to their “surrounding terminals (including new entry terminals)” in a broadcast / groupcast / unicast manner.

[0220] (2) In case of receiving a request message requesting creation / transmission of a new message

[0221] As in Proposal 1, the server / MEC / cloud can send a request message to terminals (peripheral terminals and / or new entrant terminals) to request new message creation / transmission (taking into account the occurrence of new entrant terminals).

[0222] Upon receiving the above request message, the terminal may recognize that the reason for generating / transmitting the new message is due to the "occurrence of a new terminal entry," and may then perform actions to generate / transmit a new message containing new prediction / mobility information about itself. For example, from the terminal's perspective, receiving the request message may be interpreted as i) the occurrence of an event, such as the entry of a new terminal, and / or ii) the triggering of the generation / transmission of a new message.

[0223] Alternatively, the terminal may simply create / transmit a new message at the request of the server / MEC / cloud without being able to accurately identify / recognize the reason for which the server / MEC / cloud requested the creation / transmission of a new message. For example, the request message may trigger the terminal to create / transmit a new message, but the terminal cannot accurately determine the reason for creating / transmitting the new message.

[0224] The above-described proposed method mainly describes the case where a message defined in a given scenario (e.g., an ITS message) is transmitted via a Uu link. However, it is not limited to the case of transmitting and receiving messages via the Uu link, but can also be applied to the case where the message is transmitted via direct communication using various communication technologies such as LTE-V2X, NR-V2X, IEEE 11p, and ITS-G5. In addition, the above-described message (e.g., an ITS / V2X message) may be a message defined in a given scenario (e.g., BSM, CAM, DENM, PSM, VAM, SDSM, CPM), but may also be a message to be additionally defined in the given scenario in the future, or a (non-standard) message for supporting V2X services (not defined in the standard).

[0225] Proposals 1 and 2 may be independent server / MEC / cloud and terminal operations, respectively, but Proposal 2 is a follow-up operation to Proposal 1, and when operated in conjunction with each other, it may be possible to provide an equivalent level of service to terminals within a system (e.g., ITS system) based on a given scenario.

[0226] Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating a method for a network to transmit a request message based on detection of a new entry terminal.

[0227] As described above, the network may be a server, cloud, or MEC that provides services for V2X, safety between moving devices (e.g., vehicles, VRU devices, terminals, terminals of mobile devices) in a specific service area where transmission / generation of terminal location prediction-based messages is triggered. For example, the network may provide a service related to V2N2V (Vehicle to network to Vehicle) that receives a message (e.g., ITS standard message, CAM, BSM, PSM, DENM, CPM, etc.) containing mobility information of the device via the Uu interface and transmits the message to peripheral devices located in a geographical area (zone, subscription area, etc.) related to the device. In order to address the increase in UL data traffic via the Uu interface due to the transmission of periodic messages by the devices in providing such services, as described above, the devices provided by the network or within the specific service area may perform generation / transmission of aperiodic messages in an event-triggered manner. For example, as described above, the terminals / devices (hereinafter, terminals) may be triggered to generate / transmit a message including their latest mobility information only when the difference between their predicted location (e.g., the location predicted through their mobility information included in the most recently transmitted message) and their measured location (e.g., the location measured by GNSS, GPS, and / or the location measured through positioning signals such as PRS) is equal to or greater than a preset threshold error. Hereinafter, the operation of the network will be described in detail, assuming that the methods described in the section "V2X message generation method based on terminal location prediction considering a new entering terminal" are applied.

[0228] Specifically, referring to FIG. 19, the network can detect whether a new terminal entering a specific service area exists (S191). Here, as described above, the specific service area is an area where a service (e.g., a V2X-related service such as a vehicle-to-vehicle collision avoidance safety service) is provided, in which the network relays / transmits a message received from a terminal to terminals located in a geographic area related to the terminal, and may be a service area where generation / transmission of a terminal location prediction-based message is triggered.

[0229] As described above, if the specific service area is based on the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) message protocol, the network can detect a new terminal that has newly entered the service area based on whether a topic (TOPIC), a subscription area, or a publication area related to the MQTT message protocol has changed. Alternatively, the network can determine / determine a terminal that has first connected or logged in to the network in relation to the specific service area, a terminal that has reconnected to the network after a preset threshold time has elapsed, and / or a terminal that has reconnected after leaving the specific service area due to a problem such as a communication status, as the new terminal.

[0230] Here, the MQTT protocol is a lightweight messaging protocol using the publish / subscribe method, and a topic serves as a path or address for classifying and delivering messages. For example, in MQTT, a topic is a subject for delivering messages. When a publisher sends a message to a specific topic, a subscriber who has subscribed to the topic receives the message. Topics consist of hierarchical strings separated by slashes ( / ), and flexible subscriptions can be enabled using wildcards such as + or #. In addition, a broker, which acts as a message intermediary, can mediate messages between publishers and subscribers. Publishers do not need to know to whom messages are being delivered, and subscribers do not need to know who the publisher is; they only need to subscribe to the topics they want. This results in a loosely coupled and highly scalable messaging protocol.

[0231] Next, the network may generate a request message that triggers transmission of a new message based on detection of the new entry terminal (S193). As described above, terminals in the specific service area may be subject to an aperiodical message transmission scheme that generates / transmits messages based on terminal location prediction. In this case, the request message may be a message for triggering the generation / transmission of a message including its current mobility information, regardless of whether the conditions for generation / transmission of the terminal location prediction-based message are satisfied, for terminals to which such a message transmission scheme is applied. In this case, as described above, a device that has received the request message may generate / transmit a new message including its current mobility information upon receipt of the request message even if the difference between the predicted location and the measured location is within a preset specific threshold error. Meanwhile, among terminals within the specific service area, certain terminals to which the terminal prediction-based message generation / transmission scheme is not applied (e.g., terminals to which a periodic message transmission scheme is applied) may not trigger the generation / transmission of new messages upon receipt of the request message, and may only perform periodic message transmission.

[0232] Alternatively, the request message may further include timing list information for a plurality of candidate timings for distributing the transmission timing of the new message among at least one terminal. For example, the network may determine whether to include the timing list information in the request message based on its own load status value. Here, the load status value may be a value determined based on at least one of the processing capacity of received messages that the network can process simultaneously, the uplink data load associated with the Uu interface, or the number of terminals connected to the network, as described above. For example, if the current load status value of the network is equal to or exceeds a specific threshold, or if the load status value of the network is predicted to exceed a specific threshold by transmission of a message triggered by transmission of the request message from the at least one terminal, the network may transmit the request message including the timing list information.

[0233] Next, the network may transmit a request message requesting message transmission to at least one terminal within the specific service area (S195). Here, the at least one terminal may include terminals satisfying specific conditions related to the new entry terminal as described above (e.g., peripheral terminals of the new entry terminal) and / or the new entry terminal. For example, the specific condition may be a condition for at least one of a wireless communication range of the new entry terminal, a service radius supported for the new entry terminal within the specific service area, or a collision risk detection radius for the new entry terminal. For example, among a plurality of terminals within the specific service area, a terminal located within the communication range of the new entry terminal, a terminal located within an area where a collision risk with the new entry terminal is determined, and / or a terminal located within a service area that the specific service guarantees at least based on the new entry terminal may be determined as the at least one terminal or the peripheral terminal.

[0234] Below, the terminal / device receiving the request message as described in Proposal 2 is described in detail.

[0235] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a method for a terminal or device to transmit a new message based on reception of a request message.

[0236] As described above, the terminal may be a terminal located within a specific service area to which the message generation / transmission method based on the terminal location prediction is applied. For example, the terminal may trigger transmission of a message including its latest mobility information when the difference between the predicted location predicted based on the mobility information included in the most recently transmitted message at the current time and the measured location at the current time (or the most recently measured location at the current time) based on the GPS signal (or positioning signal such as PRS) is equal to or exceeds a certain threshold error.

[0237] Specifically, referring to FIG. 20, the terminal may transmit a first message including first mobility information to the network based on satisfying a specific condition within a specific service area (S201). As described above, the terminal may aperiodically transmit the first message including the first mobility information, which is its own mobility information, according to a message generation / transmission method based on terminal location prediction within the specific service area. For example, if the difference between the predicted location and the measured location is within a specific threshold error, the terminal may not transmit the first message including its own mobility information, and if the difference between the predicted location and the measured location exceeds a specific threshold error, the terminal may generate a first message including its current mobility information and transmit it to the network (or neighboring terminals).

[0238] Next, the terminal may receive a request message requesting message transmission from the network (S203). As described above, the request message may be transmitted to the terminal based on the network detecting a new terminal that has newly entered the specific service area. Here, as described above, the terminal may be a terminal that satisfies a specific condition related to the new terminal among the terminals within the specific service area. For example, the terminal may receive the request message as a terminal located within the communication range of the new terminal, a terminal located within an area where a risk of collision with the new terminal is determined, and / or a surrounding terminal located within a service area that the specific service guarantees at least based on the new terminal.

[0239] Next, the terminal may transmit a second message including second mobility information based on the request message, regardless of whether the specific condition is satisfied (S207). Here, the second mobility information may include information about the recently measured speed, acceleration, movement direction, location, movement path, etc. of the terminal. For example, the terminal may transmit the second message (or a new message) even when the specific condition for generating / transmitting the terminal location prediction-based message is not satisfied when the request message is received.

[0240] In this way, the proposed invention can effectively provide information about peripheral devices to newly entrant terminals even when a message generation / transmission method based on terminal location prediction is applied to minimize increases in UU traffic. Alternatively, the proposed invention can effectively distribute the transmission timing of new messages triggered by peripheral devices upon detection of a new entrant terminal by transmitting a request message that further includes timing list information. This distribution of transmission timing can minimize the concentration of UL data at specific times.

[0241] Examples of communication systems to which the invention applies

[0242] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present invention disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0243] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0244] Figure 21 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

[0245] Referring to FIG. 21, a communication system (1) applied to the present invention includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices, and can be implemented in the form of HMD (Head-Mounted Device), HUD (Head-Up Display) installed in a vehicle, television, smartphone, computer, wearable device, home appliance, digital signage, vehicle, robot, etc. Mobile devices can include smartphone, smart pad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glass), computer (e.g., laptop, etc.), etc. Home appliances can include TV, refrigerator, washing machine, etc. IoT devices can include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks can also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) can act as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0246] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0247] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present invention.

[0248] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0249] Figure 22 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0250] Referring to FIG. 22, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 21.

[0251] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). In addition, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chipset designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chipset.

[0252] A first wireless device or network (100) may include at least one processor (102) and at least one memory (104) connected to a transceiver (106). The at least one memory (104) may include at least one program that enables the at least one processor (102) to perform operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 16 to 20 . Here, the operations include: detecting a new entry terminal in a specific service area; and transmitting a request message requesting transmission of a new message to at least one terminal within the specific service area based on the detection of the new entry terminal, wherein the request message may include timing list information determined based on a load status value of a network, and the timing list information may include a plurality of candidate timings for distributing transmission timings of the new message among the at least one terminal.

[0253] Alternatively, at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium may have recorded thereon at least one program for performing the above operations. Alternatively, the processing device may include at least one processor (102) and at least one memory (104) coupled to the at least one processor (102) and storing at least one program for performing the above operations when executed by the at least one processor.

[0254] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). Furthermore, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0255] A second wireless device or terminal (200) may include at least one processor (202) connected to a transceiver (206) and at least one memory (204). The at least one memory (204) may include at least one program that causes the at least one processor (202) to perform operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 16 to 20. Here, the operations include transmitting a first message including first mobility information to a network based on satisfaction of a specific condition within a specific service area; receiving a request message requesting transmission of a message from the network; and transmitting a second message including second mobility information based on the request message regardless of whether the specific condition is satisfied, wherein the second message may be transmitted at one candidate timing randomly selected from among the plurality of candidate timings based on the request message including timing list information including a plurality of candidate timings for distributing message transmission timings of each of the at least one terminal.

[0256] Alternatively, at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium may have recorded thereon at least one program for performing the above operations. Alternatively, the processing device may include at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204) coupled to the at least one processor (202) and storing at least one program for performing the above operations when executed by the at least one processor.

[0257] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0258] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0259] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0260] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0261] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0262] Figure 23 illustrates another example of a wireless device applicable to the present invention. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 21).

[0263] Referring to FIG. 23, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 22 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 23. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 22. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0264] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 21, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 21, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 21, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 21, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 21, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 21, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 21, 400), a base station (Fig. 21, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0265] In FIG. 23, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and a first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0266] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0267] Figure 24 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present invention. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, car, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc.

[0268] Referring to FIG. 24, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 23, respectively.

[0269] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0270] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0271] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0272] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present invention in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form an embodiment of the present invention by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form an embodiment or may be incorporated as a new claim through a post-application amendment.

[0273] In this document, embodiments of the present invention have been described primarily focusing on the signal transmission and reception relationship between a terminal and a base station. This transmission and reception relationship is equally / similarly extended to signal transmission and reception between a terminal and a relay or a base station and a relay. Certain operations described as being performed by a base station in this document may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. That is, it is obvious that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network composed of multiple network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. The base station may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), and access point. In addition, the terminal may be replaced by terms such as UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station).

[0274] Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of hardware implementation, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0275] When implemented via firmware or software, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of modules, procedures, functions, etc. that perform the functions or operations described above. The software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located within or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor via various known means.

[0276] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present invention should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0277] The embodiments of the present invention as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. In the network method, A step of detecting a new terminal entering a specific service area; and A step of transmitting a request message requesting transmission of a new message to at least one terminal within the specific service area based on the detection of the new entry terminal; The network determines whether to include timing list information in the request message based on the load status value of the network, A method wherein the timing list information includes a plurality of candidate timings for distributing the transmission timing of the new message between the at least one terminal.

2. In paragraph 1, A method in which the above-mentioned specific service area is an area in which a transmission method is applied in which transmission of a message is triggered based on a difference between a predicted location based on mobility information and a measured location based on positioning exceeding a certain threshold error.

3. In paragraph 1, A method in which the network transmits the request message further including the timing list information, based on the prediction that the load status value of the network will exceed a specific threshold by transmission of a message triggered by transmission of the request message at least at one terminal.

4. In paragraph 1, A method in which the load status value of the above network is determined based on at least one of the processing capacity of the received messages that the network can process simultaneously, the uplink data load associated with the Uu interface, or the number of terminals connected to the network.

5. In paragraph 1, A method in which the new entry terminal is detected based on whether a topic (TOPIC), subscription area, or publication area related to the MQTT message protocol has changed, based on the fact that the specific service area is based on the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) message protocol.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above-mentioned new entry terminal is a terminal that first accesses the network in relation to the specific service area, or a terminal that re-accesses the network after a preset threshold time has elapsed.

7. In paragraph 1, A method, characterized in that the at least one terminal includes a terminal that satisfies at least one specific condition related to the new entry terminal among the new entry terminal and a plurality of terminals within the service area.

8. In paragraph 7, A method wherein the at least one specific condition is determined based on at least one of a wireless communication range of the new entry terminal, a service radius supported for the new entry terminal within the specific service area, or a collision risk detection radius for the new entry terminal.

9. In at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium, Contains instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, The above actions are, Detect new entrant terminals in a specific service area; Based on the detection of the new entry terminal, it includes transmitting a request message requesting transmission of a new message to at least one terminal within the specific service area, The above request message is determined whether to include timing list information based on the load status value of the network, At least one non-transitory computer-readable medium, wherein the timing list information includes a plurality of candidate timings for distributing the transmission timing of the new message between the at least one terminal.

10. In the network, RF(Radio Frequency) transmitter and receiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and a memory comprising at least one program that performs operations when executed by the processor; The above actions are, Detect new entrant terminals in a specific service area; Based on the detection of the new entry terminal, it includes transmitting a request message requesting transmission of a new message to at least one terminal within the specific service area, The above request message is determined to include timing list information based on the load status value of the network, A network wherein the timing list information includes a plurality of candidate timings for distributing the transmission timing of the new message between the at least one terminal.

11. In a processing device that controls a network, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by said at least one processor, The above actions are, Detect new entrant terminals in a specific service area; Based on the detection of the new entry terminal, it includes transmitting a request message requesting transmission of a new message to at least one terminal within the specific service area, The above request message is determined to include timing list information based on the load status value of the network, A processing device, wherein the timing list information includes a plurality of candidate timings for distributing the transmission timing of the new message between the at least one terminal.

12. In the method by terminal, A step of transmitting a first message including first mobility information to a network based on satisfaction of a specific condition within a specific service area; A step of receiving a request message requesting transmission of a message from the network; and A step of transmitting a second message including second mobility information, regardless of whether the specific condition is satisfied, based on the request message, A method wherein the second message is transmitted at one candidate timing randomly selected from among the plurality of candidate timings, based on the fact that the request message includes timing list information including a plurality of candidate timings for distributing the message transmission timing of each of the at least one terminal.

13. In at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium, Contains instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, The above actions are, Transmitting a first message containing first mobility information to the network based on satisfying certain conditions within a certain service area; Receiving a request message from the network requesting transmission of a message; and Based on the above request message, transmitting a second message including second mobility information regardless of whether the specific condition is satisfied, At least one non-transitory computer-readable medium, wherein the second message is transmitted at one candidate timing randomly selected from among the plurality of candidate timings, based on timing list information including a plurality of candidate timings for distributing message transmission timings of each of the at least one terminal in the request message.

14. At the terminal, RF(Radio Frequency) transmitter and receiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and a memory comprising at least one program that performs operations when executed by the processor; The above actions are, Transmitting a first message containing first mobility information to the network based on satisfying certain conditions within a certain service area; Receiving a request message from the network requesting transmission of a message; and Based on the above request message, transmitting a second message including second mobility information regardless of whether the specific condition is satisfied, A terminal wherein the second message is transmitted at one candidate timing randomly selected from among the plurality of candidate timings, based on the fact that the request message includes timing list information including a plurality of candidate timings for distributing the message transmission timing of each of the at least one terminal.

15. In a processing device that controls a terminal, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by said at least one processor, The above actions are, Transmitting a first message containing first mobility information to the network based on satisfying certain conditions within a certain service area; Receiving a request message from the network requesting transmission of the above message; and Based on the above request message, transmitting a second message including second mobility information regardless of whether the specific condition is satisfied, A processing device, wherein the second message is transmitted at one candidate timing randomly selected from among the plurality of candidate timings, based on the timing list information including a plurality of candidate timings for distributing the message transmission timing of each of the at least one terminal in the request message.

Images