Communication method for amp IoT device, apparatus, device, and medium

Abstract

The present application discloses a communication method for an AMP IoT device, an apparatus, a device, and a medium. The method comprises: sending a PPDU, the PPDU comprising a signal field, and the signal field being used for indicating a physical layer parameter and / or MAC layer parameter related to AMP IoT transmission. The method provided by the present application designs a specific feasible format for signal fields.

Description

Communication methods, devices, equipment and media for AMP IoT devices Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to a communication method, apparatus, device and medium for an AMP IoT device. Background Technology

[0002] AMP IoT devices have a simple structure and low complexity, which may make it difficult for them to support the commonly used Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format.

[0003] There is currently no feasible solution for designing PPDU format support for AMP IoT devices.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a communication method, apparatus, device, and medium for AMP IoT devices, the technical solution of which includes at least:

[0006] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication method for an AMP IoT device is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] Send a PPDU, which includes a signal field for indicating physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission.

[0008] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication method for an AMP IoT device is provided, the method comprising:

[0009] Receive a PPDU, the PPDU including a signal field for indicating physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission.

[0010] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication device is provided, the device comprising:

[0011] A transmitting module is used to transmit a PPDU, the PPDU including a signal field, the signal field being used to indicate physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission.

[0012] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication device is provided, the device comprising:

[0013] A receiving module is used to receive a PPDU, the PPDU including a signal field, the signal field being used to indicate physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission.

[0014] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication device is provided, the communication device comprising: a processor; a transceiver connected to the processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to load and execute the executable instructions to implement the communication methods as described in the foregoing aspects.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication device is provided, the communication device comprising: a transceiver; the communication device is configured to implement the communication methods as described in the foregoing aspects.

[0016] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores at least one program that is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the communication methods as described in the foregoing aspects.

[0017] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product or computer program is provided, the computer program product or computer program including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor retrieving the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executing the computer instructions to implement the communication methods as described in the above aspects.

[0018] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a chip is provided, the chip including a programmable logic circuit and / or at least a program, the chip being used to implement the communication methods as described in the foregoing aspects based on the programmable logic circuit and / or the at least a program.

[0019] The technical solutions provided in this application embodiment may include the following beneficial effects:

[0020] By using PPDU to indicate physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission, the receiver of the PPDU can clearly identify the characteristics of AMP IoT transmission, thereby achieving accurate, efficient and reliable AMP IoT transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of radio frequency energy harvesting provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a backscatter communication process provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of resistive load modulation provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the PPDU format provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 shows a flowchart illustrating a communication method for an AMP IoT device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 8 shows a flowchart illustrating a communication method for an AMP IoT device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the format of a WUR PPDU provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of the PPDU format provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of an encoding method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 12 shows a structural block diagram of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 13 shows a structural block diagram of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 15 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail here, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0038] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0039] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein can be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination." In this specification, when expressing the meaning of Boolean Values, it is expressed that "0" represents "first meaning" and "1" represents "second meaning." Without loss of generality, those skilled in the art will understand that the meanings they represent can be interchanged, that is, "1" represents "first meaning" and "0" represents "second meaning."

[0040] The technical solutions described in some embodiments of this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) systems, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, New Radio (NR) systems, subsequent evolution systems of NR systems, 5th Generation (5G) systems, Advanced 5th Generation (5G-A) systems, Beyond 5th Generation (B5G) systems, 6G systems, subsequent evolution systems of 6G systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) systems, LTE-Based Access to Unlicensed Spectrum (LTE-U) systems, NR-Based Access to Unlicensed Spectrum (NR-U) systems, cellular IoT systems, and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). Communication systems include GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Terrestrial Networks (TN), Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Global Positioning System (GPS), and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).Among them, 5G systems and their subsequent evolution systems can adopt a non-standalone (NSA) network architecture or a standalone (SA) network architecture.

[0041] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system 100 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. The wireless communication system 100 includes terminal devices with terminal devices, or terminal devices with network devices, or stations (STAs) with stations.

[0042] A Station of Interest (STA) can include Access Point STAs (AP STAs) and / or Non-Access Point STAs (non-AP STAs). An AP STA can be simply referred to as an AP. Communication between STAs can be between an AP and a non-AP STA, between two non-AP STAs, or between a STA and a peer STA. A peer STA refers to the device communicating with the STA from the other end; a peer STA can be an AP or a non-AP STA.

[0043] Figure 1 shows a wireless communication system 100 including an AP 110 and a non-AP STA 120 as an example.

[0044] In some embodiments, AP 110 is a device deployed in a WLAN / Wi-Fi system to provide wireless communication functionality for STAs. AP 110 acts as a bridge connecting wired and wireless networks, primarily connecting various wireless network clients together and then connecting the wireless network to the Ethernet. AP 110 can be a terminal device or network device with a WLAN / Wi-Fi chip. Non-AP STA 120 can also be a terminal device with a WLAN / Wi-Fi chip.

[0045] The network equipment supports wireless communication functions, including but not limited to: routers, readers, Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), Next Generation Node B (gNB), Radio Network Controller (RNC), Base Station (BS), Base Station Controller (BSC), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Home Evolved Node B (or Home Node B, HNB), Baseband Unit (BBU), Distributed Unit (DU), Wireless Relay Node, Wireless Backhaul Node, Transmission Point (TP), Transmission and Reception Point (TRP), and antenna panels.

[0046] Terminal devices, also known as user equipment (UE), include, but are not limited to: mobile phones, tablets, e-book readers, laptops, desktop computers, televisions, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, mixed reality (MR) devices, extended reality (XR) devices, remote terminals, set-top boxes, vehicle communication equipment, handheld devices, wearable devices, wireless devices in industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, transportation safety, smart city, and smart home (such as smart cameras, smart remote controls, smart water and electricity meters), wireless communication chips, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), systems-on-chips (SoCs), Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks. Vehicles (IoV) nodes, sensors, etc., can also be computing devices with wireless communication capabilities or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem.

[0047] In some embodiments, AP 110 supports the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standard protocols, such as 802.11bp, 802.11be, 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a, among other current and future WLAN standards. AP 130 can also be used in network environments that support next-generation WLAN systems / next-generation Wi-Fi communications.

[0048] In some embodiments, the non-AP STA 120 supports standard protocols of the IEEE 802.11 family, such as 802.11bp, 802.11be, 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a, among other current and future WLAN standards. The non-AP STA 140 can also be used in network environments that support next-generation WLAN systems / next-generation Wi-Fi communication.

[0049] In this embodiment, the next-generation WLAN system is an evolution of the 802.11be system and is backward compatible with the 802.11be system. Next-generation Wi-Fi communication refers to any new generation of Wi-Fi communication after Wi-Fi 7 based on the IEEE 802.11be standard, such as Ultra High Reliability (UHR) communication.

[0050] It's understandable that the role of a STA in wireless communication is not absolute. For example, when phone A is connected to a router, phone A is a non-AP STA, but when phone A acts as a hotspot for phone B, phone A acts as an AP.

[0051] In some embodiments, both AP 110 and non-AP STA 120 support the IEEE 802.11 protocol, but are not limited to the IEEE 802.11 protocol. For example, they may also support the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) protocol.

[0052] In some embodiments, the frequency bands supported by the wireless communication system 100 include, but are not limited to: millimeter wave (mmWave) bands (such as 45GHz, 60GHz, etc., which belong to the 30-300GHz range) and low-frequency bands. Among them, low-frequency bands include Sub-7GHz bands (such as 2.4GHz, 5GHz, 6GHz, etc., which belong to the 1-7.25GHz range).

[0053] In some embodiments, there are one or more links between AP 110 and non-AP STA 120.

[0054] In some embodiments, AP 110 and non-AP STA 120 support multi-band communication. For example, they can communicate simultaneously in at least one of the frequency bands such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 45 GHz, and 60 GHz. Alternatively, they can communicate simultaneously on different channels within the same frequency band or on different channels in different frequency bands. Multi-band communication can improve the throughput and / or reliability of communication between devices. Such a device supporting multi-band communication can be considered to have multi-link operation (MLO) capability and is commonly referred to as a multi-band device or multi-link device (MLD), sometimes also called a multi-band entity or multi-link entity. An MLD can be an AP device or a non-AP STA device. If an MLD is an AP device, it contains one or more APs; if an MLD is a non-AP STA device, it contains one or more non-AP STAs. Multiple links can be formed between APs in an AP MLD and STAs in a STA MLD, and communication can occur between APs in an AP MLD and STAs in a STA MLD through the corresponding links.

[0055] • Regarding zero-power devices:

[0056] With the development of communication technology and the expansion of communication needs, the demand for low-power communication equipment is becoming increasingly urgent. Therefore, zero-power communication technology is introduced to reduce power consumption on the UE side. Zero-power communication technology can also be referred to as at least one of the following: ultra-low-power communication technology, low-power communication technology, etc. Communication equipment used to implement zero-power communication technology can be called zero-power device, and zero-power device can also be referred to as at least one of the following: ultra-low-power device, low-power device, etc.

[0057] Specifically, from the perspective of energy source and usage, zero-power devices can be divided into the following three types:

[0058] (1) Passive Devices: Passive devices do not require an internal battery. When a passive device approaches a network device (such as a reader in an RFID system), it is within the near-field range formed by the antenna radiation of the network device. Therefore, the passive device's antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, which drives the low-power chip circuitry of the passive device. This enables demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the backward link signal. For backscatter links, passive devices can use backscatter or extremely low-power active transmission methods to transmit signals. Since passive devices do not require an internal battery to drive either the forward or backward link, they can be considered truly zero-power devices.

[0059] Besides not needing batteries, passive devices also have very simple RF and baseband circuits. For example, they do not require low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), power amplifiers (PAs), crystal oscillators, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), etc., which makes passive devices have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0060] In addition to electromagnetic induction, passive devices can also support other energy harvesting methods. By harvesting energy from the environment (such as radio frequency energy, light energy, heat energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, etc.), they can obtain energy for the drive circuit to achieve communication.

[0061] (2) Semi-passive devices; semi-passive devices do not have conventional batteries installed. They collect environmental energy such as radio wave energy, solar energy, light energy, thermal energy, kinetic energy, and mechanical energy through an energy harvesting module, and store the collected energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After obtaining energy, the energy storage unit can drive the low-power chip circuit of the semi-passive device. This enables the demodulation of forward link signals and the modulation of backward link signals. For backscatter links, semi-passive devices can use backscatter or low-power active transmission methods to transmit signals.

[0062] Semi-passive devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward or reverse link. Although they use energy stored in capacitors during operation, this energy comes from ambient energy harvested by the energy harvesting module. Therefore, semi-passive devices can be considered true zero-power devices. Semi-passive devices inherit many advantages of passive devices, such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0063] (3) Active devices; Active devices can have built-in batteries. The batteries drive the low-power chip circuits of the active devices, enabling demodulation of forward link signals and modulation of backward link signals. The reverse link signal transmission of active devices can be achieved without consuming the power of the active devices themselves, through backscattering. Alternatively, the active devices can achieve reverse link transmission through low-power active transmission. Although they have built-in batteries, these active devices have extremely low power consumption and complexity, so the battery capacity can be set within a small range, thus achieving lower cost and size. The built-in batteries of active devices can also serve as energy storage units to store the environmental energy collected by the energy harvesting module, thereby making the maintenance cycle of active devices longer, or even maintenance-free.

[0064] Active devices utilize built-in batteries for power, increasing communication distance and improving communication reliability. Therefore, active devices are used in scenarios with relatively high requirements for communication distance and read latency.

[0065] Specifically, from the perspective of transmitter type, zero-power devices can be divided into the following three types:

[0066] (1) Devices equipped with a backscatter module use the backscattering method described above for uplink transmission. These devices do not have an active transmitter for active transmission; they only have a transmitter with a backscatter module. Therefore, when performing uplink transmission, other devices are required to provide a carrier wave, and these devices achieve uplink transmission by performing backscattering based on the carrier wave.

[0067] (2) Devices equipped with active transmitters use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities for uplink transmission. Therefore, such devices can send uplink data using their own active transmitters without requiring an external carrier. Suitable active transmitters for this type of device include, for example, low-power Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) transmitters and low-power Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) transmitters. Based on current implementations, such transmitters can reduce the overall power consumption of the device to 400–600 μW when transmitting a 100 microwatt (μW) signal.

[0068] (3) Devices that simultaneously possess a backscatter module and an active transmitter support both backscatter and active transmission. Such devices can determine whether to use backscatter or an active transmitter for transmission based on different situations (such as different power levels, different available environmental energy, etc.) or on the scheduling of network devices.

[0069] • About Cellular Passive Internet of Things:

[0070] Cellular IoT is booming, and 3GPP has standardized some IoT technologies, but many IoT communication needs in various scenarios remain unmet, such as:

[0071] • Harsh Communication Environments. Some IoT scenarios may face extreme environments such as high temperatures, extremely low temperatures, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed movement. Examples include ultra-high-voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, environmental monitoring in frigid regions, and industrial production lines. In these scenarios, existing IoT terminals will be unable to function due to the limitations of conventional power supplies. Furthermore, extreme working environments are also detrimental to IoT maintenance, such as battery replacement.

[0072] • The need for extremely small terminal form factors. Certain IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity distribution, and smart wearables, require terminals with extremely small sizes for ease of use in these environments. For example, IoT terminals used for commodity management in the distribution process typically use electronic tags, embedded in very small packages. Furthermore, lightweight wearable devices can enhance the user experience while meeting user needs.

[0073] • The need for extremely low-cost IoT communication. Numerous IoT communication scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently inexpensive to enhance their competitiveness compared to other alternative technologies. For example, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, to facilitate the management of large quantities of goods in circulation, IoT terminals can be attached to each item, enabling precise management of the entire logistics process and lifecycle through communication between the terminal and the logistics network. These scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently competitively priced.

[0074] Therefore, to cover these unmet communication needs, cellular IoT also requires the development of ultra-low-cost, extremely small-sized, battery-free, and maintenance-free IoT, and zero-power IoT can precisely meet this requirement. In standardization discussions, zero-power IoT can also be called Ambient Power Enabled IoT, or simply AMP IoT / Ambient IoT / A-IoT / AMP, etc., and some technical documents also refer to it as Passive IoT.

[0075] Zero-power IoT devices, also known as ambient energy IoT devices or passive IoT devices, are abbreviated as AMP IoT devices / Ambient IoT devices / A-IoT devices / AMP devices. The energy required for AMP IoT devices to operate comes from energy harvesting from the environment, such as radio frequency energy, radiation energy, light energy, heat energy, kinetic energy, and mechanical energy. AMP IoT devices that harvest radio frequency energy to power themselves may require other devices to provide them with radio frequency power signals. AMP IoT devices may have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity, such as using a capacitor with a capacitance of only tens of microfarads (μF).

[0076] Based on 3GPP's discussion of Ambient IoT application scenarios, Ambient IoT can be applied to at least the following four types of scenarios: 1. Object recognition, such as logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management; 2. Environmental monitoring, such as monitoring temperature, humidity, and harmful gases in the working environment and natural environment; 3. Positioning, such as indoor positioning, smart object finding, and production line item positioning; 4. Smart control, such as smart control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperature), and smart control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

[0077] The 3GPP RAN research report broadly categorizes AMP IoT devices into three types, each with corresponding complexity and communication capabilities: Device A: Lacking energy storage capacity and unable to transmit independent signals; it uses backscattering transmission. Device B: Possesses energy storage capacity, also unable to transmit independent signals, but uses backscattering transmission and can amplify the backscattered signal using stored energy. Device C: Possesses energy storage capacity and can transmit independent signals, possessing active transmission capability. Device A has the lowest complexity and power consumption, as low as 1 microwatt (μW), but its communication distance is limited, typically only a few meters. Device A requires a carrier signal from the network device for backscattering transmission. Device C typically has a large-capacity capacitor to store energy from the environment, supporting power consumption of several hundred microwatts, and can support active signal transmission with a longer communication distance. Because Device C can transmit actively, it does not require a carrier signal from the network device. Device B's complexity and power consumption fall between those of Device A and Device C.

[0078] The Ambient IoT Devices research project in 3GPP Release 19 (R19) aims to study a unified air interface design, minimizing differences (if necessary), to achieve support for at least the following two types of AMP IoT devices:

[0079] Type i: Peak power consumption of approximately 1μW, with energy storage capability, up to 10 xThe initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) in ppm (parts per million) is not amplified for either downlink or uplink transmissions in AMP IoT devices. Uplink transmission in AMP IoT devices is achieved through backscattering on an externally provided carrier. Here, x is greater than 0.

[0080] Type ii: Peak power consumption less than several hundred microwatts, with energy storage capacity, up to 10 x The initial sampling frequency offset in ppm can be amplified for downlink and / or uplink transmissions of AMP IoT devices. Uplink transmissions of AMP IoT devices can be generated internally (i.e., actively transmitted) or achieved through backscattering on an externally provided carrier. Here, x is greater than 0.

[0081] Type i devices have lower peak power consumption than Type ii devices. Type i devices use backscatter communication for uplink transmission, a compromise between Device A and Device B in the RAN study report (possessing energy storage capability but unable to amplify the signal). Type ii devices have higher peak power consumption and can use either active transmission or backscatter communication for uplink transmission. When using active transmission, Type ii devices are similar to Device C in the RAN study report; when using backscatter communication, they are similar to Device B.

[0082] In addition, 3GPP also discussed several services that AMP IoT devices may participate in, each with its own characteristics:

[0083] • Device-Originated (DO) services: For AMP IoT devices, this refers to services in which the AMP IoT device sends signaling / data to network devices and / or intermediate nodes. These can be initiated by the AMP IoT device itself or triggered by a specific event. Examples include Ambient IoT data reporting, data transmission, and signaling transmission.

[0084] • Device-Terminated (DT) Service: For AMP IoT devices, this refers to the service where network devices and / or intermediate nodes send signaling / data to the AMP IoT device. For example, a network device sends control signaling to an AMP IoT device, and the AMP IoT device executes the corresponding operation.

[0085] • Device-Originated Autonomous (DO-A) Service: For AMP IoT devices, this refers to the service where the AMP IoT device autonomously initiates the sending of signaling / data to network devices and / or intermediate nodes, and is a type of DO service. For example, an AMP IoT device sends alarm information to network devices and / or intermediate nodes.

[0086] • Device-Terminated Triggered (DO-DTT): Services initiated and terminated by the AMP IoT device itself, triggered by network devices and / or intermediate nodes. Typical examples include asset inventory and sensor sensing services. For instance, triggering the AMP IoT device to report its own identifier (ID) information or sensor data.

[0087] IEEE has also launched a research project on Ambient IoT Devices, broadly categorizing AMP IoT devices into two types, each with corresponding complexity and communication capabilities: 1) Ambient-only IoT Devices: These operate using ambient energy, have little or no energy storage, and employ backscattering or active transmission methods, consuming less than 1 milliwatt (mW). Coverage range reaches 30 meters indoors and 100 meters outdoors. 2) Ambient-assisted IoT Devices: Similar to existing 802.11 devices, these reuse existing physical layer designs, operate using ambient energy, and have energy storage capabilities. Coverage range reaches 30 meters indoors and 200 meters outdoors.

[0088] Figure 2 illustrates a wireless communication system 200 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application, including an AP / non-AP STA 210 and an AMP IoT device 220. The AP / non-AP STA 210 is used to transmit wireless power signals and / or downlink communication signals to the AMP IoT device 220, and to receive backscattered signals and / or signals actively transmitted by the AMP IoT device 220. The AMP IoT device 220 can also be replaced with a zero-power device.

[0089] The AP / non-AP STA 210 and the AMP IoT device 220 can exchange frames, such as Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) exchanges. In this application, for ease of description, the PPDU sent by the AMP IoT device 220 is referred to as an uplink PPDU, and the PPDU sent to the AMP IoT device 220 is referred to as a downlink PPDU. The receiver of the uplink PPDU can be an AP and / or a non-AP STA, and the sender of the downlink PPDU can be an AP and / or a non-AP STA. Based on the transmission methods described above, the uplink PPDU can be actively transmitted by the AMP IoT device 220, or it can be backscattered by the AMP IoT device 220 based on an external carrier.

[0090] AMP IoT device 220 includes an energy harvesting module 321. Optionally, in addition to the energy harvesting module 321, AMP IoT device 220 may also include one or more of the following: a backscatter communication module 322, a logic processing module 323, a sensor module 324, and a memory (not shown in the figure). For example, the logic processing module 323 includes a low-power computing module. It should be understood that the modules included in the AMP IoT device 220 shown in Figure 2 are merely an example and not a limitation.

[0091] For example, the energy harvesting module 321 can harvest ambient energy, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, solar energy, and radiation energy, to power the various modules of the AMP IoT device 220. If the ambient energy harvested by the AMP IoT device 220 is radio frequency energy, the signal used to provide the radio frequency energy can be called the power supply signal.

[0092] In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) power is harvested based on ambient radio frequency (RF) signals; that is, the power supply signal is an ambient RF signal. Ambient RF signals include, for example, RF signals from other communication systems, broadcast signals, etc. In this case, the power harvesting method of the AMP IoT device 220 can be considered passive. Here, "other communication systems" refers to communication systems that do not include the AMP IoT device. In this case, the power supply signal can employ physical layer technologies supported by other communication systems; for example, the power supply signal can be an OFDM signal.

[0093] In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) power harvesting is based on in-band radio frequency (IRF) signals, meaning the power supply signal is an IRF signal. The IRF signal may include, for example, a signal transmitted using time-frequency resources within the communication system containing the AMP IoT device. Such a power supply signal helps ensure energy harvesting efficiency and reliability. In this case, the power supply signal can employ physical layer technologies supported by the AMP IoT device 220; for example, the power supply signal may be a simple waveform obtained through simple modulation.

[0094] After acquiring power, the AMP IoT device 220 can receive signals from the AP / non-AP STA 210 via its receiver, reflect signals back to the AP / non-AP STA 210 via its backscatter communication module 322, or transmit signals back to the AP / non-AP STA 210 via its transmitter (not shown in the figure). The data reflected or transmitted by the AMP IoT device 220 can be its own stored data (such as identification or pre-written information, such as the production date, brand, and manufacturer of a product). The sensor module 324 can include various sensors, and the AMP IoT device 220 can report the data collected by these sensors based on a low-power mechanism. The memory is used to store basic information (such as item identification) or to acquire sensor data such as ambient temperature and humidity.

[0095] The AMP IoT device 220 can use the logic processing module 323 to perform simple operations such as signal demodulation, decoding, encoding, and modulation. The hardware design can be very simple, making the AMP IoT device 220 very low in cost and small in size.

[0096] Figure 3 illustrates the principle of radio frequency power harvesting (RF Power Harvesting) performed by the power harvesting module 321. RF power harvesting is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The RF module, through electromagnetic induction and connected in parallel with a capacitor C and a load resistor RL, harvests electromagnetic wave energy from space to obtain the energy needed to drive the AMP IoT device, such as powering the low-power demodulation module, modulation module, sensors, and memory access. Based on this, AMP IoT devices can operate without traditional batteries.

[0097] In backscatter communication, the backscattered signal can be modulated or not. Figure 4 shows the schematic diagram of backscatter communication with modulation. The transmit (TX) module 111 of the AP / non-AP STA 210 uses an amplifier (AMP) 112 to transmit a wireless signal carrier 131. The AMP IoT device 220 receives and modulates the wireless signal carrier 131, uses a logic processing module 323 to load the information to be transmitted, and uses an energy harvesting module 321 to harvest radio frequency energy. The AMP IoT device 220 uses an antenna 316 to radiate the modulated reflected signal 132. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication. The receive (RX) module 113 of the AP / non-AP STA 210 uses an LNA 114 to receive the modulated reflected signal 132. Backscatter and load modulation functions are inseparable. Load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the oscillation circuit of the AMP IoT device 220 according to the data flow rhythm, causing parameters such as the impedance of the AMP IoT device 220 to change accordingly, thus completing the modulation process.

[0098] Load modulation techniques mainly include resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. Figure 5 shows the schematic diagram of resistive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, the load resistance R... L A third resistor R3 is connected in parallel. A switch S, controlled by binary encoding, is used to turn the circuit on or off. The switching of the third resistor R3 causes a change in the voltage across the circuit. The load resistor R... L It is connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1, and the load resistor R L The first inductor L1 is connected in series with the second resistor R2, and the second resistor R2 is connected in series with the first inductor L1. The first inductor L1 is coupled to the second inductor L2, and the second inductor L2 is connected in series with the second capacitor C2. For example, ASK modulation can be implemented, that is, signal modulation and transmission are achieved by adjusting the amplitude of the backscattered signal of the terminal device. Similarly, in capacitive load modulation, the circuit resonant frequency can be changed by switching the capacitor on and off, achieving FSK modulation, that is, signal modulation and transmission are achieved by adjusting the operating frequency of the backscattered signal of the terminal device.

[0099] The AMP IoT device 220 can use load modulation to modulate the incoming wave signal, thus realizing the backscatter communication process.

[0100] Therefore, the AMP IoT device 220 has the following significant advantages: (1) it does not need to actively transmit signals, thus eliminating the need for complex RF links such as PAs and RF filters; (2) it does not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, thus eliminating the need for high-frequency crystal oscillators; and (3) with the help of backscatter communication, signal transmission does not consume its own energy. Overall, compared with other terminal devices, the AMP IoT device has many advantages such as no need for conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity, low cost, and long life cycle, supporting its wide application in various industries, such as logistics, object recognition, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, industrial internet, smart wearables, smart homes, smart control, environmental monitoring, and positioning.

[0101] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a PPDU format suitable for AMP IoT technology provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0102] If the PPDU is an uplink PPDU, it includes a narrowband portion. If the PPDU is a downlink PPDU, it includes both a wideband portion and a narrowband portion. The bandwidth occupied by the wideband portion is greater than that occupied by the narrowband portion. For example, the bandwidth of the wideband portion is 20MHz and the bandwidth of the narrowband portion is 4MHz. Of course, the bandwidths of the wideband portion and the narrowband portion may also be other sizes, such as 40MHz, 80MHz, or even 160MHz. This application does not limit this.

[0103] The broadband portion is primarily designed for compatibility with traditional WLAN / Wi-Fi devices. Traditional WLAN / Wi-Fi devices refer to wireless devices that support the existing 802.11 protocol, such as AP 110 and / or non-AP STA 120 shown in Figure 1. The broadband portion includes one or more of the following: Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), Legacy Signal Field (L-SIG), and Binary Phase Shift Keying-Mark (BPSK Mark). L-STF and L-LTF are part of the preamble, while L-SIG is part of the compatibility physical header. Furthermore, due to its simple structure and low complexity, AMP IoT devices have difficulty receiving the broadband portion.

[0104] The narrowband portion primarily carries information related to AMP IoT technology, including at least one or more of the following: a synchronization sequence, a signal field, and a data portion. The synchronization sequence is used for synchronization of AMP IoT devices; this synchronization sequence can also be called AMP synchronization (AMP-Synchronization, AMP-Sync), AMP IoT-Sync, A-Sync, Ambient-Sync, etc. The data portion is used for data transmission of AMP IoT devices; this data portion can also be called AMP data (AMP-Data), AMP IoT-Data, A-Data, Ambient-Data, etc.

[0105] In some embodiments, the PPDU further includes a Media Access Control (MAC) header. Optionally, the PPDU includes a traditional MAC header located in the wideband portion. Optionally, the PPDU includes a MAC header related to AMP IoT technology, which may be referred to as the AMP-MAC header, AMP IoT-MAC header, A-MAC header, Ambient-MAC header, etc. The AMP-MAC header is located in the narrowband portion and carries MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT technology. Optionally, the PPDU includes both a traditional MAC header and an AMP-MAC header.

[0106] The role of the signal field is currently undetermined; that is, there is no concrete and feasible design for the information indicated or the parameters carried by the signal field. Therefore, after fully considering the characteristics of AMP IoT technology, this application has made a detailed design for the specific format of the signal field, providing a feasible solution for AMP IoT devices to receive or send PPDUs.

[0107] Figure 7 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method for an AMP IoT device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method includes at least some of the following steps:

[0108] Step 720: Send a PPDU, which includes a signal field that indicates physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission.

[0109] AMP IoT transmission can be understood as transmission performed by AMP IoT devices, transmission using AMP IoT technology, or transmission according to the 802.11bp protocol specification. For AMP IoT devices, AMP IoT transmission can be uplink transmission and / or downlink transmission. Uplink transmission is when the AMP IoT device sends PPDUs, and downlink transmission is when the AMP IoT device receives PPDUs.

[0110] The physical layer provides services to the MAC layer and higher layers in the form of a transport channel, supporting all the functions required for bitstream transmission in the physical medium, thus providing transparent bitstream transmission between two communicating devices. Physical layer parameters are the parameters required to implement bitstream transmission. Physical layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission can be understood as the physical layer parameters required for AMP IoT transmission, or as the physical layer parameters that affect AMP IoT transmission.

[0111] The MAC layer is primarily responsible for coordinating and controlling access on the physical medium, realizing the mapping between logical channels and physical channels. MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission can be understood as the MAC layer parameters required for AMP IoT transmission, or as the MAC layer parameters that affect AMP IoT transmission.

[0112] Since the content indicated by the signal field is related to AMP IoT transmission, the signal field can also be called AMP Signal Field (AMP-SIG), or AMP IoT-SIG, or A-SIG, or Ambient-SIG, etc.

[0113] In some embodiments, step 720 is performed by an AMP IoT device. In this case, the PPDU involved in step 720 is an uplink PPDU. Optionally, the PPDU is transmitted by the AMP IoT device using an active transmission method, or the PPDU is transmitted by the AMP IoT device using a backscatter method.

[0114] In some embodiments, step 720 is performed by an AP and / or a non-AP STA. In this case, the PPDU involved in step 720 is a downlink PPDU.

[0115] In summary, the method provided in this application embodiment allows the transmitted PPDU to carry physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission, enabling the receiver of the PPDU to clearly understand the characteristics of AMP IoT transmission, thereby achieving accurate, efficient and reliable AMP IoT transmission.

[0116] Figure 8 shows a flowchart illustrating a communication method for an AMP IoT device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method includes at least some of the following steps:

[0117] Step 820: Receive PPDU, which includes a signal field that indicates physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission.

[0118] AMP IoT transmission can be understood as transmission performed by AMP IoT devices, transmission using AMP IoT technology, or transmission according to the 802.11bp protocol specification. For AMP IoT devices, AMP IoT transmission can be uplink transmission and / or downlink transmission. Uplink transmission is when the AMP IoT device sends PPDUs, and downlink transmission is when the AMP IoT device receives PPDUs.

[0119] The physical layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission can be understood as the physical layer parameters required for AMP IoT transmission, or as the physical layer parameters that affect AMP IoT transmission. Similarly, the MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission can be understood as the MAC layer parameters required for AMP IoT transmission, or as the MAC layer parameters that affect AMP IoT transmission.

[0120] Since the content indicated by the signal field is related to AMP IoT transmission, the signal field can also be called AMP Signal Field (AMP-SIG), or AMP IoT-SIG, or A-SIG, or Ambient-SIG, etc.

[0121] In some embodiments, step 820 is performed by an AMP IoT device. In this case, the PPDU involved in step 820 is a downlink PPDU.

[0122] In some embodiments, step 820 is performed by an AP and / or a non-AP STA. In this case, the PPDU involved in step 820 is an uplink PPDU. Optionally, the PPDU is transmitted by the AMP IoT device using an active transmission method, or the PPDU is transmitted by the AMP IoT device using a backscatter method.

[0123] In summary, the method provided in this application embodiment enables the receiver of the PPDU to clearly identify the characteristics of AMP IoT transmission because the received PPDU carries physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission, thereby achieving accurate, efficient and reliable AMP IoT transmission.

[0124] The physical layer parameters involved in the embodiments shown in Figures 7 and 8 include, for example, one or more of the following: PPDU type, data rate, whether backscattering is used, payload size, transmission duration, waveform, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), whether the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, the number of times the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, channel parameters, coding method, and multiple access method.

[0125] Next, the format of the AMP signal field will be further designed by taking into account the physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters that may be involved in AMP IoT transmission.

[0126] 1. The case where the AMP signal field includes at least the first field.

[0127] The first field is used to indicate whether the PPDU type is an AMP PPDU; that is, the first field is used to mark whether the PPDU is an AMP PPDU. An AMP PPDU can be understood as a PPDU sent and / or received by an AMP IoT device, or as a PPDU defined by the 802.11bp protocol.

[0128] In some embodiments, the AMP PPDU may also be referred to as the AMP IoT PPDU, or the A-PPDU, or the Ambient PPDU.

[0129] The first field was designed to address the power-saving needs of AMP IoT devices. Due to the low energy density of ambient energy, AMP IoT devices can only collect a limited amount of ambient energy, requiring them to conserve power during operation. Since the likelihood of a communication system containing only a single type of wireless device is low, AMP IoT devices are likely to coexist with traditional APs and traditional non-AP STAs. Therefore, the air interface may simultaneously transmit multiple types of PPDUs. In this scenario, enabling AMP IoT devices to quickly identify whether an air interface transmission is AMP IoT transmission, or in other words, quickly identify whether a PPDU transmitted in the air interface is an AMP PPDU, can significantly improve the power-saving effect of AMP IoT devices. For example, if the AMP IoT device quickly identifies the PPDU as an AMP PPDU through the first field, it can receive the PPDU normally and even prepare to receive the subsequent parts of the PPDU in advance; if the AMP IoT device quickly identifies the PPDU as not an AMP PPDU through the first field, it ignores the reception and processing of the subsequent parts of the PPDU, stopping power consumption for that PPDU, thereby achieving power saving.

[0130] In particular, the design of the first field is crucial in scenarios where the air interface supports simultaneous transmission of AMP PPDUs and Wake-up Radio (WUR) PPDUs using the 802.11ba standard. As shown in Figure 9, WUR PPDUs also include wideband and narrowband portions. The wideband portion includes L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, and BPSK-MARK fields, while the narrowband portion includes the synchronization sequence (Sync). It can be seen that the format and bandwidth characteristics of WUR PPDUs are somewhat similar to those of AMP PPDUs shown in Figure 6. The receiver needs to distinguish whether the received PPDU is a WUR PPDU or an AMP PPDU. The setting of the first field enables the receiver to quickly distinguish the type of PPDU, thereby improving reception efficiency and reliability.

[0131] In some embodiments, the first field includes a preset codeword, or the first field carries indication information.

[0132] In some embodiments, the preset codeword is a codeword agreed upon by the communication protocol, a predefined codeword, a codeword pre-indicated by the AP, or a codeword pre-indicated by the non-AP STA. Optionally, the length of the codeword is preset, for example, the preset length is 8, 16, or 32, etc. Optionally, the value of the codeword is preset, for example, the preset codeword has all 1s, all 0s, or a combination of 0 and 1 appearing sequentially. For example, when the length is equal to 8, the preset codeword is 00000000, or 11111111, or 10101010, or 01010101, etc. For example, when the length is 16, the preset codeword is 0000000000000000, or 0000000011111111, or 1111111100000000, or 1111111111111111, or 1010101001010101, or 0101010101010101, or 101010101010101010, etc. For example, when the length is 32, the preset codeword is 101010101010101010101010101010, or 01010101010101010101010101010101, or 00000000000000000000000000000000, or 1 ...

[0133] In some embodiments, the indication information is generated based on information bits.

[0134] In some embodiments, assuming that the signal field includes other fields besides the first field, then the first field may be located at the beginning, end, or middle of the signal field. This application does not limit the position of the first field within the signal field.

[0135] II. Cases where the AMP signal field includes at least the second field.

[0136] The second field indicates the data rate of the PPDU, or it can be used in conjunction with the synchronization sequence to indicate the data rate of the PPDU. The synchronization sequence is used for time-domain and / or frequency-domain synchronization of AMP IoT devices. The synchronization sequence can also be called AMP-Sync, AMP IoT-Sync, A-Sync, or Ambient-Sync, etc. Optionally, the synchronization sequence is defined by the communication protocol, or the method of generating the synchronization sequence is defined by the communication protocol.

[0137] The second field was designed to improve the flexibility of indicating the data transmission rate, making the data transmission carried by the PPDU more adaptable to the channel environment. Increasing the data transmission rate can also reduce the time AMP IoT transmission occupies the channel, improving resource utilization efficiency; for situations with poor channel conditions, a lower transmission rate can be used.

[0138] In some embodiments, the second field includes several bits, the bit values ​​of which indicate different data rates.

[0139] For example, the second field includes 1 bit. When this 1 bit is "0", the second field indicates the first data rate; when this 1 bit is "1", the second field indicates the second data rate. The first data rate and the second data rate are different, for example, any two of the following data rates: 62.5kbps, 125kbps, 250kbps, 500kbps, and 1Mbps.

[0140] For example, the second field includes 2 bits, which can be "00", "01", "10", or "11", indicating a maximum of any four data rates: 62.5kbps, 125kbps, 250kbps, 500kbps, and 1Mbps. For instance, a value of "00" indicates 62.5kbps; a value of "01" indicates 125kbps; a value of "10" indicates 250kbps; and a value of "11" indicates 500kbps. Similarly, a value of "00" indicates 62.5kbps; a value of "01" indicates 125kbps; a value of "10" indicates 250kbps; and a value of "11" indicates 1Mbps. For example, when the value is "00", the second field indicates 62.5kbps; when the value is "01", the second field indicates 250kbps; when the value is "10", the second field indicates 500kbps; and when the value is "11", the second field indicates 1Mbps. For another example, when the value is "00", the second field indicates 1Mbps; when the value is "01", the second field indicates 250kbps; when the value is "10", the second field indicates 125kbps; and when the value is "11", the second field indicates 62.5kbps. It's impossible to list all the possibilities here; regardless of which bit value corresponds to which data rate, it's sufficient that different bit values ​​correspond to different data rates.

[0141] The second field can also include three or more bits, and different bit values ​​can be used to indicate different data rates. Furthermore, regardless of how many bits the second field includes, the data rate may be other than the five data rates mentioned above, such as 750kbps, 2Mbps, etc.

[0142] In some embodiments, the second field, in conjunction with the synchronization sequence, indicates the data rate of the PPDU. For example, the second field includes 1 bit, and the value of this 1 bit, combined with the synchronization sequence, indicates different data rates. Assuming there are two synchronization sequences, Sync1 and Sync2, referring to Table 1, when the PPDU carries the synchronization sequence Sync1 and the second field bit is 0, it indicates Date Rate 0; when the PPDU carries the synchronization sequence Sync1 and the second field bit is 1, it indicates Date Rate 1; when the PPDU carries the synchronization sequence Sync2 and the second field bit is 0, it indicates Date Rate 2; and when the PPDU carries the synchronization sequence Sync2 and the second field bit is 1, it indicates Date Rate 3. Date Rate 0, Date Rate 1, Date Rate 2, and Date Rate 3 are all different and can be used to indicate four data rates, such as any four from 62.5kbps, 125kbps, 250kbps, 500kbps, and 1Mbps.

[0143] For example, Sync1 is a WW sequence, and Sync2 is... Sequence. Or, Sync1 is... The sequence, Sync2, is a WW sequence. Among them, The sequence is generated by performing a bitwise complement operation on the W sequence. A bitwise complement operation can be understood as inverting the value of each bit. For example, if the first bit of the W sequence is 0, then after the bitwise complement operation, ... The first bit in the sequence has a value of 1.

[0144] For example, W = [10100100101110110001011100111000],

[0145] Of course, the synchronization sequence can also be other sequences, and the sequence lengths of different synchronization sequences can be the same or different.

[0146] Table 1 shows the data rate of the PPDU in conjunction with the synchronization sequence in the second field.

[0147] For example, the second field includes 2 bits, the values ​​of which, in combination with the synchronization sequence, indicate different data rates. Assuming there are two synchronization sequences, Sync1 and Sync2, referring to Table 2, the combination of the synchronization sequence and the bit values ​​can be used to indicate up to 8 data rates.

[0148] Table 2 shows the data rate of the PPDU in conjunction with the synchronization sequence in the second field.

[0149] For example, the second field includes 2 bits, the values ​​of which, along with the synchronization sequence, indicate different data rates. Assuming there is one synchronization sequence, Sync1, referring to Table 3, the combination of the synchronization sequence and the bit values ​​can be used to indicate up to two data rates.

[0150] Table 3 shows the data rate of the PPDU in conjunction with the synchronization sequence in the second field.

[0151] The second field can also include three or more bits, and the synchronization sequence can also include three or more types. Different combinations of bit values ​​and synchronization sequences can also be used to indicate different data rates. Furthermore, regardless of how many bits the second field includes or how many types of synchronization sequences are included, the data rate can be within or outside of the five data rates mentioned above, such as 750kbps, 2Mbps, etc.

[0152] III. Cases where the AMP signal field includes at least the third field.

[0153] The third field is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device performs backscatter; or, the third field is used to indicate that the PPDU contains a carrier for backscatter; or, the third field is used to indicate that a carrier for backscatter is included after the PPDU; or, the third field is used to trigger the first-transmit AMP IoT device to transmit, the first-transmit AMP IoT device supporting backscatter transmission mode and not supporting active transmission mode; or, the third field is used to trigger the AMP IoT device that only supports backscatter transmission to transmit.

[0154] The third field is designed to account for the fact that different AMP IoT devices may support different transmission methods. For example, some AMP IoT devices in the communication system support backscatter transmission, while others support active transmission. Therefore, the third field can accurately instruct or trigger AMP IoT devices that support a certain transmission method to transmit, enabling precise scheduling within the communication system and improving communication efficiency.

[0155] Example (1): The third field includes 1 bit. When this 1 bit is "0", the third field indicates that the AMP IoT device should perform backscattering; when this 1 bit is "1", the third field indicates that the AMP IoT device should not perform backscattering. Alternatively, when this 1 bit is "0", the third field indicates that the AMP IoT device should not perform backscattering; when this 1 bit is "1", the third field indicates that the AMP IoT device should perform backscattering. Alternatively, when this 1 bit is "0", the third field indicates that the AMP IoT device should actively transmit; when this 1 bit is "1", the third field indicates that the AMP IoT device should not actively transmit. Alternatively, when this 1 bit is "0", the third field indicates that the AMP IoT device should not actively transmit; when this 1 bit is "1", the third field indicates that the AMP IoT device should actively transmit.

[0156] Example (2): The third field includes 1 bit. When this 1 bit is "0", the third field is used to trigger transmission by AMP IoT devices that only support backscatter transmission. When this 1 bit is "1", the third field is used to trigger transmission by AMP IoT devices that only support active transmission. Alternatively, when this 1 bit is "0", the third field is used to trigger transmission by AMP IoT devices that only support active transmission. When this 1 bit is "1", the third field is used to trigger transmission by AMP IoT devices that only support backscatter transmission.

[0157] In addition, considering that backscatter transmission requires an external carrier, it is also possible to indicate the carrier through a third field.

[0158] Example (3): The third field includes 1 bit. When this 1 bit is "0", the third field indicates that the PPDU includes a carrier for backscattering. When this 1 bit is "1", the third field indicates that the PPDU does not include a carrier for backscattering. Alternatively, when this 1 bit is "1", the third field indicates that the PPDU includes a carrier for backscattering. When this 1 bit is "0", the third field indicates that the PPDU does not include a carrier for backscattering.

[0159] If the PPDU includes a carrier for backscattering, the carrier may be located after, before, or within the SIG field. Optionally, the carrier is provided by a field, which may be called a Carrier Field, Carrier Wave Field, or Carrier Signal Field, etc. Optionally, the carrier is provided by a partial signal, which may be called a Carrier, Carrier Wave, or Carrier Signal, etc.

[0160] Figure 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a PPDU format provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application, including a carrier. Optionally, the PPDU may further include one or more of the following: a physical preamble (STF and / or LTF), a physical header (L-SIG), AMP synchronization, and AMP-SIG. The physical preamble and physical header may be compatible with conventional WLAN / Wi-Fi devices.

[0161] Example (4): The third field includes 1 bit. When this 1 bit is "0", the third field indicates that there is a carrier for backscattering after the PPDU. When this 1 bit is "1", the third field indicates that there is no carrier for backscattering after the PPDU. Alternatively, when this 1 bit is "1", the third field indicates that there is a carrier for backscattering after the PPDU. When this 1 bit is "0", the third field indicates that there is no carrier for backscattering after the PPDU.

[0162] If a carrier for backscattering exists after the PPDU containing the third field, then the carrier can be provided by a frame or a PPDU. Optionally, the frame used to provide the carrier can be called a Carrier Frame, Carrier Wave Frame, or Carrier Signal Frame, etc. Optionally, the PPDU used to provide the carrier can be called a Carrier PPDU, Carrier Wave PPDU, or Carrier Signal PPDU, etc. Optionally, an interframe space (IFS) may or may not exist between the PPDU containing the third field and the frame used to provide the carrier. Optionally, an IFS may or may not exist between the PPDU containing the third field and the PPDU used to provide the carrier.

[0163] Example (5): The third field includes 1 bit. When this 1 bit is "0", the third field indicates that the PPDU includes a carrier for backscattering. When this 1 bit is "1", the third field indicates that there is a carrier for backscattering following the PPDU. Alternatively, when this 1 bit is "1", the third field indicates that there is a carrier for backscattering following the PPDU. When this 1 bit is "0", the third field indicates that the PPDU includes a carrier for backscattering.

[0164] Furthermore, it is also possible to consider indicating the transmission method and carrier through a third field.

[0165] Example (6) The third field includes 2 bits, of which the most significant bit (MSB) is used to indicate the transmission mode and the least significant bit (LSB) is used to indicate the carrier. The meaning of different values ​​of MSB can be found in Example (1) or Example (2), and the meaning of different values ​​of LSB can be found in Example (3) or Example (4) or Example (5).

[0166] Example (7) The third field includes 2 bits, where MSB is used to indicate the carrier and LSB is used to indicate the transmission mode. The meaning of different values ​​of MSB can be found in Example (3), Example (4) or Example (5), and the meaning of different values ​​of LSB can be found in Example (1) or Example (2).

[0167] Similarly, the AMP signal field can also include a signal portion for power supply or a field for power supply. Referring to Examples (3) to (5), different values ​​can be used to indicate whether the PPDU contains a power supply portion, or to indicate whether a power supply portion exists after the PPDU, or to indicate whether the power supply portion is located within or after the PPDU. Referring to Examples (6) to (7), different values ​​can be used to achieve joint indication with the transmission mode, or joint indication with the carrier, or joint indication with both the transmission mode and the carrier.

[0168] IV. Cases where the AMP signal field includes at least the fourth field.

[0169] The fourth field is used to indicate the transmission parameters of the PPDU carrying the fourth field. For example, the fourth field includes one or more of the following fields: a field indicating the payload size of the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the transmission duration of the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the waveform used by the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the modulation scheme of the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the MCS of the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating whether the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the number of times the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the payload size of the PPDU; a field indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the PPDU; a field indicating the channel parameters of the PPDU; a field indicating the coding scheme of the PPDU; a field indicating the multiple access scheme of the PPDU; and a field indicating the multiplexing scheme of the PPDU.

[0170] Fields indicating the payload size, transmission duration, occupied frequency domain resources, waveform used, MCS, whether repeated transmission is required, and the number of repeated transmissions for the data portion of the PPDU can improve data transmission efficiency and reliability. Optionally, the transmission duration is expressed in microseconds (μs). Optionally, the occupied frequency domain resources can be represented using frequency domain units, which may include at least one of the following: carrier, subband, subchannel, subcarrier, physical resource block (PRB), bandwidth part (BWP), and units based on other frequency domain units. Optionally, the occupied frequency domain resources can be represented by the frequency domain start position and frequency domain end position, or by the frequency domain start position and the number of frequency domain units, or by the frequency domain end position and the number of frequency domain units.

[0171] Fields used to indicate the channel parameters, payload size, frequency domain resources occupied, coding method, and multiple access method of the PPDU can improve the reception efficiency, reception ease, and reliability of the PPDU.

[0172] Considering the characteristics of AMP IoT devices, such as simple structure, low complexity, and poor synchronization accuracy, fields indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the PPDU, fields indicating the channel parameters of the PPDU (such as the location of the channel occupied by the PPDU, the number of channels occupied by the PPDU, the bandwidth of the channel occupied by the PPDU, the center frequency of the channel occupied by the PPDU, etc.), and fields indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the PPDU are particularly helpful for AMP IoT devices to calibrate the oscillator frequency, improve the frequency synchronization effect, ensure that AMP IoT devices transmit and receive PPDUs on the accurate channel / resources, and also reduce or even avoid inter-device interference or inter-channel interference caused by frequency offset.

[0173] Therefore, the design of the fourth field significantly improves the reliability of PPDU reception, ensures the reception performance of AMP IoT devices, and enhances communication efficiency within the communication system. Furthermore, some or all of the transmission parameters indicated by the fourth field can be considered essential parameters for AMP transmission, required for the receiver to correctly receive the AMP PPDU.

[0174] In some embodiments, the waveform used in the data portion of the PPDU includes one or more of the following: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) waveform, On-Off Keying (OOK) waveform, Multi-Carrier OOK (MC-OOK) waveform, Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) waveform, Phase Shift Keying (PSK) waveform, Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) waveform, and Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) waveform. Different waveforms are obtained from corresponding modulation schemes. For example, an ASK waveform corresponds to an ASK modulation scheme, an OOK waveform corresponds to an OOK modulation scheme, and so on. Therefore, the fourth field may include a field indicating the modulation scheme of the data portion of the PPDU.

[0175] In some embodiments, channel parameters include one or more of the following: channel location, channel number, number of channels, channel bandwidth, and channel center frequency. Optionally, different channel parameters may be represented by different subfields or by the same subfield.

[0176] In some embodiments, the multiple access method includes one or more of the following: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).

[0177] In some embodiments, the multiplexing method includes one or more of the following: frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), and code division multiplexing (CDM).

[0178] In some embodiments, the encoding methods include one or more of the following: Not Return to Zero (NRZ) encoding, Manchester encoding, Unipolar Return to Zero (URZ) encoding, Differential Binary Phase (DBP) encoding, Miller encoding, Differential encoding, Bi-Phase Space Coding (FMO), Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE), Repetition encoding, Polar Codes, Low Density Parity Check Code (LDPC), Convolutional Codes, Bose-Chaudhuri Hocquenghem Codes (BCH), Turbo Codes, Reed Solomon Codes (RS), and Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding.

[0179] Figure 11 illustrates several encoding methods.

[0180] NRZ encoding: A high level represents a binary "1", and a low level represents a binary "0". Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the level of the binary data "101100101001011" using NRZ encoding.

[0181] Manchester encoding, also known as split-phase encoding, represents binary values ​​by changes in level (rising or falling) over half a bit period. A negative transition over half a bit period represents a binary "1", and a positive transition over half a bit period represents a binary "0". Manchester encoding, when using carrier load modulation or backscatter modulation, is commonly used for data transmission from AMP IoT devices to network devices because it facilitates the detection of data transmission errors. This is because Manchester encoding does not allow a "no change" state within the bit length. When multiple AMP IoT devices simultaneously transmit data bits with different values, the received rising and falling edges cancel each other out, resulting in a continuous carrier signal throughout the entire bit length. Since this state is not allowed, network devices can use this error to determine the specific location of a collision. Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the level of the Manchester-encoded binary data "101100101001011".

[0182] URZ encoding: A high level during the first half of the bit cycle represents a binary "1", while a low level signal throughout the entire bit cycle represents a binary "1". Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the level of the binary data "101100101001011" using URZ encoding.

[0183] DBP encoding: Any edge in half a bit cycle represents a binary "0", and no edge represents a binary "1". Furthermore, the level is inverted at the beginning of each bit cycle. Therefore, the bit clock is relatively easy for the receiver to reconstruct. Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the level of binary data "101100101001011" encoded using DBP.

[0184] Miller encoding: Any edge within half a bit cycle represents a binary "1", while a constant level in the next bit cycle represents a binary "0". The level alternation occurs at the beginning of a bit cycle, making it relatively easy for the receiver to reconstruct the bit clock. Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the level of the Miller-encoded binary data "101100101001011".

[0185] Differential coding: Each binary "1" to be transmitted causes a change in signal level, while for a binary "0", the signal level remains unchanged.

[0186] V. Cases where the AMP signal field includes at least the fifth field.

[0187] The fifth field is used to indicate the MAC frame format. Different MAC frame formats include fields that indicate different MAC layer parameters.

[0188] In some embodiments, the MAC layer parameters in a PPDU include one or more of the following: Association Identifier (AID), Transmitter Address (TA), Receiver Address (RA), Timing Stamp Function (TSF), and Type. The MAC layer parameters included in the PPDU will differ depending on the MAC frame format.

[0189] In some embodiments, the fifth field indicates the MAC frame format number, or the MAC frame format version number, or the MAC frame type, or the MAC frame version number. These indication methods all help the receiving end to clearly identify which MAC layer parameters the PPDU contains, thereby correctly parsing the MAC frame.

[0190] In some embodiments, the fifth field also indicates the number of the MAC frame, so that the receiver can clearly identify the transmission order of the MAC frames, accurately distinguish different MAC frames, and promptly determine whether there are any lost MAC frames, thereby ensuring the reliability, stability and security of MAC frame transmission.

[0191] The fifth field is designed to account for potential differences in the content carried by the MAC portion of the PPDU across various scenarios. The format of MAC frames containing different MAC layers will naturally also differ. Optionally, the communication protocol may define one or more MAC frame formats. Optionally, one or more MAC frame formats may be predefined. Optionally, the AP may indicate one or more MAC frame formats. Optionally, non-AP STAs may report one or more MAC frame formats.

[0192] For example, in some scenarios, such as smart home scenarios, when the sender of the PPDU knows the ID of the target AMP IoT device (e.g., the AP has previously established an association with the AMP IoT device and therefore the AP has assigned an AID to the AMP IoT device), the MAC frame can include the AID of the target AMP IoT device. However, in some scenarios, such as logistics scenarios, the AP does not know the AID of the AMP IoT device before communicating with it. In this case, it is not necessary for the MAC frame to include the AID field. Therefore, in different situations, the MAC frame may or may not include the AID field. Similarly, in some scenarios, the sender of the PPDU knows the address of the AMP IoT device, so the MAC frame can include the RA field of the target AMP IoT device. However, in some scenarios, the sender of the PPDU does not know the address of the AMP IoT device, so it is not necessary for the MAC frame to include the RA field. Therefore, in different situations, the MAC frame may or may not include the RA field.

[0193] For example, in some scenarios, MAC frames need to carry a TSF (Time-of-Flight) indicator so that AMP IoT devices can obtain system time information. This is beneficial for AMP IoT devices to perform time-dependent operations, such as paging, energy saving, and Target Wake Time (TWT). This is particularly important for energy saving in scenarios where AMP IoT devices need to be scheduled. In other scenarios, such as when the number of AMP IoT devices in the system is very small (e.g., point-to-point), the AP / non-AP STA can directly schedule AMP IoT devices without needing to carry a TSF indicator in the MAC frame. Therefore, MAC frames may or may not contain a TSF field depending on the situation. Similarly, MAC frames may or may not contain a TA (Type-of-Flight) field and a type field, depending on the situation.

[0194] VI. Cases where the AMP signal field includes at least the sixth field.

[0195] As mentioned earlier, PPDUs can be sent or received by AMP IoT devices. This application also includes a sixth field for the case where the PPDU is received by an AMP IoT device. This sixth field indicates the physical layer parameters of the uplink PPDU sent by the AMP IoT device after receiving the PPDU. In other words, the downlink PPDU can indicate the physical layer parameters of subsequent uplink PPDUs.

[0196] The sixth field in the downlink PPDU may include one or more of the following fields: a field indicating the channel parameters of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the coding scheme of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the waveform used in the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the modulation scheme of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the multiple access scheme used in the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the multiplexing scheme used in the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the transmission scheme used in the uplink PPDU; a field indicating whether the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the number of times the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the payload size of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the transmission duration of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the MCS of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; and a field indicating the data rate of the uplink PPDU.

[0197] In some embodiments, the waveform used by the uplink PPDU includes one or more of the following: ASK waveform, OOK waveform, MC-OOK waveform, FSK waveform, PSK waveform, BPSK waveform, and BFSK waveform. Different waveforms are obtained by corresponding modulation methods. For example, an ASK waveform corresponds to an ASK modulation method, an OOK waveform corresponds to an OOK modulation method, and so on.

[0198] In some embodiments, channel parameters include one or more of the following: channel location, channel number, number of channels, channel bandwidth, and channel center frequency. Optionally, different channel parameters may be represented by different subfields or by the same subfield.

[0199] In some embodiments, the encoding methods include one or more of the following: NRZ encoding, Manchester encoding, URZ encoding, DBP encoding, Miller encoding, differential encoding, FMO encoding, PIE encoding, repetition encoding, Polar code, LDPC, convolutional code, BCH code, Turbo code, RS code, and FEC encoding.

[0200] In some embodiments, the multiple access method includes one or more of the following: FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA.

[0201] In some embodiments, the multiplexing method includes one or more of the following: FDM, TDM, and CDM.

[0202] The design of the sixth field helps to improve the reliability and reception efficiency of subsequent uplink PPDUs, enhances the ease of transmitting or backscattering PPDUs by AMP IoT devices, and helps to better coordinate and schedule PPDU transmission within the communication system, thereby improving overall communication efficiency.

[0203] 7. Cases where the AMP signal field includes at least the seventh field.

[0204] When a PPDU is not sent by an AMP IoT device, the recipient of the PPDU may or may not be an AMP IoT device. For example, in an environment containing various network entities such as APs, non-AP STAs, repeaters, power supply devices, and AMP IoT devices, a PPDU could be sent from a network device to an AMP IoT device, from an AMP IoT device to an AP, from an AP to a power supply device, from an AP to a repeater device, or from a repeater device to an AP, and so on. Only PPDUs sent to an AMP IoT device by network devices / repeaters / APs / non-AP STAs / power supply devices need to be received by the AMP IoT device; other PPDUs do not require reception by the AMP IoT device.

[0205] To address the energy-saving needs of AMP IoT devices, a seventh field can be designed into the PPDU to indicate whether the AMP IoT device should receive the PPDU. This allows the AMP IoT device to easily and efficiently determine whether it needs to receive the PPDU. If the seventh field indicates that the AMP IoT device does not need to receive the PPDU, or that the recipient of the PPDU is not an AMP IoT device, then the AMP IoT device can promptly stop receiving the subsequent parts of the PPDU, thus achieving power saving.

[0206] For example, the PPDU includes a 1-bit seventh field. When the value of the seventh field is "0", it instructs the AMP IoT device to accept the PPDU; when the value of the seventh field is "1", it instructs the AMP IoT device not to accept the PPDU. Alternatively, when the value of the seventh field is "0", it instructs the AMP IoT device not to accept the PPDU; when the value of the seventh field is "1", it instructs the AMP IoT device to accept the PPDU.

[0207] For example, the PPDU includes a 1-bit seventh field. When the value of the seventh field is "0", it indicates that the recipient of the PPDU is an AMP IoT device; when the value of the seventh field is "1", it indicates that the recipient of the PPDU is not an AMP IoT device. Alternatively, when the value of the seventh field is "1", it indicates that the recipient of the PPDU is an AMP IoT device; when the value of the seventh field is "0", it indicates that the recipient of the PPDU is not an AMP IoT device.

[0208] Furthermore, when multiple AMP IoT devices exist in the environment, the seventh field can be used to indicate which AMP IoT devices need to receive the PPDU. For example, the seventh field can indicate the identifier (ID), AID, or RA of the AMP IoT device that needs to receive the PPDU, so that each AMP IoT device can promptly determine whether the PPDU is sent to it. If not, it can promptly stop receiving subsequent parts, thereby reducing power consumption waste.

[0209] 8. Cases where the AMP signal field includes at least the eighth field.

[0210] The eighth field is used to verify the AMP signal field, enhancing the protection of the information carried by the AMP signal field and improving the reception reliability of the AMP signal field. Optionally, the eighth field includes a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) or a parity check bit.

[0211] 9. Cases where the AMP signal field includes at least the ninth field.

[0212] The ninth field indicates the frame number of the PPDU, enabling the receiver to clearly identify the transmission order of PPDUs, accurately distinguish different PPDUs, and promptly determine if any PPDUs are lost, thereby ensuring the reliability, stability, and security of PPDU transmission. Under high network load, the frame number also facilitates better management and scheduling of the transmission of each PPDU, ensuring system performance and throughput.

[0213] In summary, by carrying some physical layer parameters or MAC parameters related to AMP IoT technology in the AMP signal field, AMP IoT devices can quickly obtain the physical transmission method, physical transmission parameters, and MAC parameters. This gives AMP IoT devices more preparation time, helps slower AMP IoT devices to prepare for reception in advance, or promptly stop receiving the subsequent parts of the PPDU. This helps ensure the reliability of data transmission, reduce power consumption waste, and achieve energy saving.

[0214] It should be noted that the first through ninth fields mentioned above can be implemented individually or in any combination. That is, this application supports AMP signal fields including any one of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth fields, and also supports AMP signal fields including any multiple of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth fields. The function and design concept of each field have been explained above. If the AMP signal fields include multiple fields, then the AMP signal fields can perform the functions corresponding to those multiple fields, or even the superimposed gain of multiple fields.

[0215] In the actual transmission of the AMP signal field, the position of any one or more of the first to ninth fields within the AMP signal field is not limited in this application. For example, if the AMP signal field includes both the first and ninth fields, the number of bits in the first field may be lower or higher than the number of bits in the ninth field. The same applies when other fields are included. It is impossible to list all possibilities here, but it should be understood that the order and number of bits of each field within the AMP signal field can be adjusted adaptively according to the actual situation.

[0216] In actual transmission of AMP signal fields, there may be cases where multiple fields are merged into one field. For example, the second field may be merged with the fourth field, or the second field may be merged with the third field, or the fourth field may be merged with the sixth field, or the seventh field may be merged with the ninth field, and so on. The merged field can serve multiple functions simultaneously.

[0217] Additionally, some or all of the fields from the first to the ninth field mentioned above may be transmitted at the MAC layer, for example, by setting them in the MAC header.

[0218] Furthermore, considering the communication scenarios supported by 3GPP, the information indicated by some or all of the fields in the first to ninth fields mentioned above can be transmitted in scheduling information or triggering information. Scheduling information is used to schedule one or more AMP IoT devices to transmit, and triggering information is used to trigger one or more AMP IoT devices to transmit. For example, in 5G systems, 6G systems, or subsequent evolution systems, network devices, terminal devices, or intermediate nodes can send scheduling information or triggering information (carrying the information indicated by some or all of the fields in the first to ninth fields mentioned above), which helps AMP IoT devices to perform uplink and downlink transmissions more efficiently and reliably.

[0219] It should be understood that the PPDU including the aforementioned AMP signal field may be a downlink PPDU or an uplink PPDU.

[0220] If it is a downlink PPDU, it may also include a broadband portion, or a compatible portion, or a traditional portion, as shown in Figure 6. The compatible portion includes one or more of the following: L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, and L-MAC header. Furthermore, the bandwidth of the compatible portion is greater than the bandwidth of the AMP signal field. Optionally, the compatible portion and the AMP signal field may also differ in one or more of the following aspects: coding method, modulation method, channel parameters, waveform, multiple access method, multiplexing method, occupied frequency domain resources, MCS, data rate, communication method (e.g., simplex communication, half-duplex communication, full-duplex communication, etc.), information transmission method (e.g., serial transmission, parallel transmission), antenna technology, and resource mapping method (e.g., centralized resource allocation method, distributed resource allocation method).

[0221] The compatibility section serves to ensure compatibility with traditional WLAN / Wi-Fi devices. This allows traditional WLAN / Wi-Fi devices to detect the PPDU, confirm that the channel is not idle, and thus avoid the channel. Therefore, the broadband section also protects the narrowband section, preventing traditional WLAN / Wi-Fi devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle due to not receiving the narrowband signal and attempting to access the channel during narrowband transmission, thus interfering with and causing conflicts.

[0222] In this application, the compatible part is the part that is backward compatible, such as the part that is compatible with the channel access protocol, the part that is compatible with the wireless communication system 100 mentioned above, or the part that is compatible with the existing 802.11 protocol.

[0223] In this application, "traditional WLAN device / Wi-Fi device" can refer to a wireless device that supports a channel access protocol, or a device within the wireless communication system 100 mentioned above, or a device that supports Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) mechanism, or a device that supports the existing 802.11 protocol, or a device that supports Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation.

[0224] Figure 12 shows a structural block diagram of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. This device can be implemented as an AP as described above, or as part of an AP as described above, or as a non-AP STA as described above, or as part of a non-AP STA as described above, or as an AMP IoT device as described above, or as part of an AMP IoT device as described above. The device supports the 802.11 protocol. The device includes a transmitting module 1110. Optionally, the device further includes a processing module 1130 and / or a receiving module 1150.

[0225] The transmitting module 1110 is used to transmit a PPDU, the PPDU including a signal field, the signal field being used to indicate physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission.

[0226] In some embodiments, the physical layer parameters include one or more of the following: the type of PPDU, data rate, whether backscattering is used, payload size, transmission duration, waveform, MCS, whether the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, the number of times the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, channel parameters, coding scheme, multiple access scheme, and multiplexing scheme.

[0227] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a first field, which is used to indicate whether the type of the PPDU is an AMP PPDU.

[0228] In some embodiments, the first field includes a preset codeword, or the first field carries indication information.

[0229] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a second field, which is used to indicate the data rate of the PPDU, or the second field is used in conjunction with a synchronization sequence to indicate the data rate of the PPDU; wherein the synchronization sequence is used for time-domain synchronization and / or frequency-domain synchronization of the AMP IoT device.

[0230] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a third field, wherein the third field is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device performs backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that the PPDU contains a carrier for backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that a carrier for backscattering is included after the PPDU; or, the third field is used to trigger an AMP IoT device with a first transmission capability to transmit, wherein the AMP IoT device with the first transmission capability supports backscattering transmission mode and does not support active transmission mode.

[0231] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a fourth field, which includes one or more of the following fields: a field indicating the payload size of the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the transmission duration of the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the PPDU; a field indicating the waveform used by the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the MCS of the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating whether the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the number of times the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the channel parameters of the PPDU; a field indicating the encoding method of the PPDU; and a field indicating the multiple access method of the PPDU.

[0232] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a fifth field that indicates the MAC frame format, and different MAC frame formats include fields that indicate different MAC layer parameters.

[0233] In some embodiments, the fifth field also indicates the MAC frame number.

[0234] In some embodiments, the PPDU is sent by an AMP IoT device or received by an AMP IoT device.

[0235] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is received by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a sixth field, which is used to indicate the physical layer parameters of the uplink PPDU sent by the AMP IoT device after receiving the PPDU.

[0236] In some embodiments, the sixth field includes one or more of the following fields: a field indicating the channel parameters of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the encoding method of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the waveform used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the multiple access method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the transmission method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating whether the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the number of times the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the payload size of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the transmission duration of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the MCS of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; and a field indicating the data rate of the uplink PPDU.

[0237] In some embodiments, the channel parameters include one or more of the following: channel location, channel number, number of channels, channel bandwidth, and channel center frequency.

[0238] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is not sent by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a seventh field, which is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device receives the PPDU.

[0239] In some embodiments, the signal field includes an eighth field, which is used to verify the signal field.

[0240] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a ninth field, which is used to indicate the frame number of the PPDU.

[0241] In some embodiments, the PPDU further includes a compatibility portion, which differs from the signal field in one or more of the following aspects: bandwidth, coding scheme, modulation scheme, channel parameters, waveform, multiple access scheme, multiplexing scheme, occupied frequency domain resources, MCS, and data rate.

[0242] In some embodiments, the compatibility portion includes one or more of the following: L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, L-MAC header.

[0243] In some embodiments, the processing module 1130 is configured to determine one or more fields carried by the PPDU.

[0244] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is a downlink PPDU, the processing module 1130 is used to determine whether the recipient of the PPDU is an AMP IoT device.

[0245] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is an uplink PPDU, the processing module 1130 is used to collect ambient energy. That is, the processing module 1130 is used to acquire energy based on the power supply signal, and / or to store energy based on the power supply signal.

[0246] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is an uplink PPDU, the energy used by the transmitting module 1110 and / or the receiving module 1150 is the energy collected by the processing module 1130.

[0247] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is an uplink PPDU, the transmitting module 1110 transmits signals / data using an active transmission method, and / or the transmitting module 1110 transmits signals / data using a backscatter method.

[0248] In some embodiments, the receiving module 1150 is configured to receive at least one of the following: PPDU, power supply signal, and carrier wave.

[0249] For details on the first to ninth fields, please refer to the previous text; they will not be repeated here.

[0250] In summary, the apparatus provided in this application supports sending PPDUs carrying physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission, enabling the receiver of the PPDU to clearly identify the characteristics of AMP IoT transmission, thereby achieving accurate, efficient and reliable AMP IoT transmission.

[0251] Figure 13 shows a structural block diagram of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. This device can be implemented as an AP as described above, or as part of an AP as described above, or as a non-AP STA as described above, or as part of a non-AP STA as described above, or as an AMP IoT device as described above, or as part of an AMP IoT device as described above. The device supports the 802.11 protocol. The device includes a receiving module 1210. Optionally, the device further includes a processing module 1230 and / or a transmitting module 1250.

[0252] The receiving module 1210 is used to receive a PPDU, the PPDU including a signal field, the signal field being used to indicate physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission.

[0253] In some embodiments, the physical layer parameters include one or more of the following: the type of PPDU, data rate, whether backscattering is used, payload size, transmission duration, waveform, MCS, whether the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, the number of times the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, channel parameters, coding scheme, multiple access scheme, and multiplexing scheme.

[0254] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a first field, which is used to indicate whether the type of the PPDU is an AMP PPDU.

[0255] In some embodiments, the first field includes a preset codeword, or the first field carries indication information.

[0256] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a second field, which is used to indicate the data rate of the PPDU, or the second field is used in conjunction with a synchronization sequence to indicate the data rate of the PPDU; wherein the synchronization sequence is used for time-domain synchronization and / or frequency-domain synchronization of the AMP IoT device.

[0257] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a third field, wherein the third field is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device performs backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that the PPDU contains a carrier for backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that a carrier for backscattering is included after the PPDU; or, the third field is used to trigger an AMP IoT device with a first transmission capability to transmit, wherein the AMP IoT device with the first transmission capability supports backscattering transmission mode and does not support active transmission mode.

[0258] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a fourth field, which includes one or more of the following fields: a field indicating the payload size of the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the transmission duration of the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the PPDU; a field indicating the waveform used by the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating the MCS of the data portion of the PPDU; a field indicating whether the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the number of times the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the channel parameters of the PPDU; a field indicating the encoding method of the PPDU; and a field indicating the multiple access method of the PPDU.

[0259] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a fifth field that indicates the MAC frame format, and different MAC frame formats include fields that indicate different MAC layer parameters.

[0260] In some embodiments, the fifth field also indicates the MAC frame number.

[0261] In some embodiments, the PPDU is sent by an AMP IoT device or received by an AMP IoT device.

[0262] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is received by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a sixth field, which is used to indicate the physical layer parameters of the uplink PPDU sent by the AMP IoT device after receiving the PPDU.

[0263] In some embodiments, the sixth field includes one or more of the following fields: a field indicating the channel parameters of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the encoding method of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the waveform used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the multiple access method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the transmission method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating whether the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the number of times the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the payload size of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the transmission duration of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the MCS of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; and a field indicating the data rate of the uplink PPDU.

[0264] In some embodiments, the channel parameters include one or more of the following: channel location, channel number, number of channels, channel bandwidth, and channel center frequency.

[0265] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is not sent by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a seventh field, which is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device receives the PPDU.

[0266] In some embodiments, the signal field includes an eighth field, which is used to verify the signal field.

[0267] In some embodiments, the signal field includes a ninth field, which is used to indicate the frame number of the PPDU.

[0268] In some embodiments, the PPDU further includes a compatibility portion, which differs from the signal field in one or more of the following aspects: bandwidth, coding scheme, modulation scheme, channel parameters, waveform, multiple access scheme, multiplexing scheme, occupied frequency domain resources, MCS, and data rate.

[0269] In some embodiments, the compatibility portion includes one or more of the following: L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, L-MAC header.

[0270] In some embodiments, the processing module 1230 is configured to determine one or more fields carried by the PPDU.

[0271] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is a downlink PPDU, the processing module 1230 is configured to determine whether to receive the PPDU.

[0272] In some embodiments, the processing module 1230 is configured to determine whether to send a PPDU based on the sixth field in the PPDU.

[0273] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is a downlink PPDU, the processing module 1230 is used to collect ambient energy. That is, the processing module 1230 is used to acquire energy based on the power supply signal, and / or to store energy based on the power supply signal.

[0274] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is a downlink PPDU, the energy used by the transmitting module 1250 and / or the receiving module 1210 is the energy collected by the processing module 1230.

[0275] In some embodiments, when the PPDU is a downlink PPDU, the transmitting module 1250 transmits signals / data using an active transmission method, and / or the transmitting module 1250 transmits signals / data using a backscatter method.

[0276] In some embodiments, the transmitting module 1250 is used to transmit at least one of the following: PPDU, power supply signal, and carrier wave.

[0277] In some embodiments, the receiving module 1210 is configured to receive at least one of the following: PPDU, power supply signal, and carrier wave.

[0278] For details on the first to ninth fields, please refer to the previous text; they will not be repeated here.

[0279] In summary, the apparatus provided in this application supports receiving PPDUs carrying physical layer parameters and / or MAC layer parameters related to AMP IoT transmission, thereby clarifying the characteristics of AMP IoT transmission and achieving accurate, efficient and reliable AMP IoT transmission.

[0280] It should be noted that the apparatus provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the communication device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the apparatus and method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept.

[0281] Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 1300 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application, including at least one of the following: a receiver 1301, a transmitter 1302, a processor 1303, a memory 1304, and a bus (not shown in the figure). The communication device 1300 can be implemented as an AP or a non-AP STA as described above. The receiver 1301 is used to implement the receiving function, and the transmitter 1302 is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0282] In some embodiments, receiver 1301 can be used to implement the functions and steps of receiving module 1150 and / or receiving module 1210, and transmitter 1302 can be used to implement the functions and steps of sending module 1110 and / or sending module 1250.

[0283] Optionally, the receiver 1301 and transmitter 1302 can be implemented as a communication component, which can be a communication chip, and can be referred to as a transceiver. Optionally, the receiver 1301 and transmitter 1302 can be implemented as a wireless communication component and / or a wired communication component. Optionally, the wireless communication component includes a wireless communication chip and / or a radio frequency antenna. Optionally, the wired communication component includes a wired communication chip and / or a wired interface.

[0284] Processor 1303 includes one or more processing cores. Processor 1303 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules. In some embodiments, processor 1303 can be used to implement the functions and steps of processing module 1130 and / or processing module 1230. Memory 1304 can be used to store computer programs executed by processor 1303, which executes the computer programs to implement the various steps in the above method embodiments.

[0285] In some embodiments, the memory 1304 may be connected to the processor 1303, the receiver 1301, and the transmitter 1302.

[0286] Furthermore, the memory 1304 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, including but not limited to: magnetic disks or optical disks, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), magnetic storage, flash memory, and PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory).

[0287] In some embodiments, the receiver 1301 independently receives signals / data, or the processor 1303 controls the receiver 1301 to receive signals / data, or the processor 1303 requests the receiver 1301 to receive signals / data, or the processor 1303 cooperates with the receiver 1301 to receive signals / data.

[0288] In some embodiments, the transmitter 1302 independently transmits signals / data, or the processor 1303 controls the transmitter 1302 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 1303 requests the transmitter 1302 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 1303 cooperates with the transmitter 1302 to transmit signals / data.

[0289] For details not described in this embodiment, please refer to the embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

[0290] Figure 15 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 1400 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application, including at least one of the following: a receiver 1410, a transmitter 1420, a processor 1430, a memory 1440, and a bus (not shown in the figure). The communication device 1400 can be implemented as the aforementioned AMP IoT device. The receiver 1410 is used to implement the receiving function, and the transmitter 1420 is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0291] In some embodiments, receiver 1410 and transmitter 1420 can be implemented as a communication component, which may be a communication chip, and may be referred to as a transceiver. Exemplarily, receiver 1410 and transmitter 1420 are implemented as a wireless communication component. Optionally, the wireless communication component includes a wireless communication chip and / or a radio frequency antenna (not shown in the figure).

[0292] In some embodiments, receiver 1410 can be used to implement the functions and steps of receiving module 1150 and / or receiving module 1210 described above. Optionally, receiver 1410 can be implemented as a first receiver 1413 and a second receiver 1415. Optionally, the first receiver 1413 and the second receiver 1415 are two independently operating receivers, that is, receiver 1410 includes two mutually independent first receivers 1413 and second receivers 1415. Optionally, receiver 1410 can be implemented as a combined receiver of the first receiver 1413 and the second receiver 1415.

[0293] In some embodiments, the first receiver 1413 is implemented as a wake-up receiver (WUR), which may also be called a low-power WUR (LP-WUR), an ultra-low-power WUR (ULP-WUR), a low-power receiver, an ultra-low-power receiver, a zero-power receiver, an auxiliary receiver, etc.

[0294] In some embodiments, the second receiver 1415 is implemented as a primary receiver or a legacy receiver.

[0295] In some embodiments, transmitter 1420 can be used to implement the functions and steps of transmission module 1110 and / or transmission module 1250 described above. Optionally, transmitter 1420 can be implemented as a first transmitter 1423 and / or a second transmitter 1425. Optionally, the first transmitter 1423 and the second transmitter 1425 are two transmitters that operate independently, that is, transmitter 1420 includes two mutually independent first transmitters 1423 and second transmitters 1425. Optionally, transmitter 1420 can be implemented as a combined transmitter of the first transmitter 1423 and the second transmitter 1425.

[0296] In some embodiments, the first transmitter 1423 is implemented as a backscatter transmitter, and the second transmitter 1425 is implemented as a main transmitter.

[0297] In some embodiments, the processor 1430 and the receiver 1410 may be implemented as a single module, or the processor 1430 may be implemented as part of the receiver 1410.

[0298] The processor 1430 includes one or more processing cores. The processor 1430 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules. In some embodiments, the processor 1430 can be used to implement the functions and steps of the processing module 1130 and / or processing module 1230 described above.

[0299] The memory 1440 can be used to store a computer program executed by the processor 1430, which is used to execute the computer program to implement the various steps in the above method embodiments.

[0300] In some embodiments, the memory 1440 may be connected to the processor 1430, the receiver 1410, and the transmitter 1420. Furthermore, the memory 1440 may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, including but not limited to: magnetic disks or optical disks, EEPROM, EPROM, SRAM, ROM, magnetic storage, flash memory, and PROM.

[0301] In some embodiments, the receiver 1410 independently receives signals / data, or the processor 1430 controls the receiver 1410 to receive signals / data, or the processor 1430 requests the receiver 1410 to receive signals / data, or the processor 1430 cooperates with the receiver 1410 to receive signals / data.

[0302] In some embodiments, the transmitter 1420 independently transmits signals / data, or the processor 1430 controls the transmitter 1420 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 1430 requests the transmitter 1420 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 1430 cooperates with the transmitter 1420 to transmit signals / data.

[0303] For details not described in this embodiment, please refer to the embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

[0304] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a chip is also provided, the chip including programmable logic circuits and / or program instructions, which, when the chip is run on a communication device, is used to implement the communication methods provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0305] In some embodiments, the chip includes a transmitting module 1110. Optionally, the chip further includes a processing module 1130 and / or a receiving module 1150. Optionally, each module can be implemented as a circuit structure. Related details can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0306] In some embodiments, the chip includes a receiving module 1210. Optionally, the chip further includes a processing module 1230 and / or a transmitting module 1250. Optionally, each module can be implemented as a circuit structure. Related details can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0307] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores at least one program that is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the communication methods provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0308] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a computer program product is also provided, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor retrieves the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions to implement the communication methods provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0309] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a computer program is also provided, the computer program including computer instructions, the computer instructions being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor retrieving the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executing the computer instructions to implement the communication methods provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0310] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk.

[0311] The above are merely optional embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method for an AMP IoT device, characterized in that, The method includes: Transmit a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the PPDU including a signal field for indicating physical layer parameters and / or Media Access Control (MAC) layer parameters related to ambient energy IoT (AMP) IoT transmission.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical layer parameters include one or more of the following: the type of PPDU, data rate, whether backscattering is used, payload size, transmission duration, waveform, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), whether the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, the number of times the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, channel parameters, coding method, multiple access method, and multiplexing method.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The signal field includes a first field, which indicates whether the type of the PPDU is an AMP PPDU.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first field includes a preset codeword, or the first field carries indication information.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The signal field includes a second field, which is used to indicate the data rate of the PPDU, or the second field is used in conjunction with a synchronization sequence to indicate the data rate of the PPDU; The synchronization sequence is used for time-domain and / or frequency-domain synchronization of AMP IoT devices.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The signal field includes a third field; wherein the third field is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device performs backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that the PPDU contains a carrier for backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that a carrier for backscattering is included after the PPDU; or, the third field is used to trigger an AMP IoT device with a first transmission capability to transmit, wherein the AMP IoT device with the first transmission capability supports backscattering transmission mode and does not support active transmission mode.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The signal field includes a fourth field, which includes one or more of the following fields: a field for indicating the payload size of the data portion of the PPDU; a field for indicating the transmission duration of the data portion of the PPDU; and a field for indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the PPDU. A field used to indicate the frequency domain resources occupied by the PPDU; A field used to indicate the waveform used in the data portion of the PPDU; A field used to indicate the MCS of the data portion of the PPDU; Fields indicating whether the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; fields indicating the number of times the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; fields indicating the channel parameters of the PPDU; fields indicating the encoding method of the PPDU; and fields indicating the multiple access method of the PPDU.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The signal field includes a fifth field, which indicates the MAC frame format. Different MAC frame formats include fields indicating different MAC layer parameters.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fifth field also indicates the MAC frame number.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The PPDU is sent by the AMP IoT device or received by the AMP IoT device.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the PPDU is received by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a sixth field, which is used to indicate the physical layer parameters of the uplink PPDU sent by the AMP IoT device after receiving the PPDU.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The sixth field includes one or more of the following fields: a field indicating the channel parameters of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the encoding method of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the waveform used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the multiple access method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the transmission method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating whether the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the number of times the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; and a field indicating the payload size of the data portion of the uplink PPDU. A field used to indicate the transmission duration of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field used to indicate the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the uplink PPDU; A field used to indicate the MCS of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field used to indicate the data rate of the uplink PPDU.

13. The method according to claim 7 or 12, characterized in that, The channel parameters include one or more of the following: channel location, channel number, number of channels, channel bandwidth, and channel center frequency.

14. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, If the PPDU is not sent by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a seventh field, which is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device receives the PPDU.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The signal field includes an eighth field, which is used to verify the signal field.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The signal field includes a ninth field, which is used to indicate the frame number of the PPDU.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, The PPDU also includes a compatibility section, which differs from the signal field in one or more of the following aspects: bandwidth, coding method, modulation method, channel parameters, waveform, multiple access method, multiplexing method, occupied frequency domain resources, MCS, and data rate.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The compatible portion includes one or more of the following: L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, L-MAC header.

19. A communication method for an AMP IoT device, characterized in that, The method includes: Receive Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the PPDU including a signal field, the signal field being used to indicate physical layer parameters and / or media access control (MAC) layer parameters related to ambient energy Internet of Things (AMP) IoT transmission.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The physical layer parameters include one or more of the following: the type of PPDU, data rate, whether backscattering is used, payload size, transmission duration, waveform, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), whether the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, the number of times the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, channel parameters, coding method, multiple access method, and multiplexing method.

21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that, The signal field includes a first field, which indicates whether the type of the PPDU is an AMP PPDU.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The first field includes a preset codeword, or the first field carries indication information.

23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that, The signal field includes a second field, which is used to indicate the data rate of the PPDU, or the second field is used in conjunction with a synchronization sequence to indicate the data rate of the PPDU; The synchronization sequence is used for time-domain and / or frequency-domain synchronization of AMP IoT devices.

24. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that, The signal field includes a third field, which is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device performs backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that the PPDU contains a carrier for backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that a carrier for backscattering is included after the PPDU; or, the third field is used to trigger an AMP IoT device with a first transmission capability to transmit, wherein the AMP IoT device with the first transmission capability supports backscattering transmission mode and does not support active transmission mode.

25. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that, The signal field includes a fourth field, which includes one or more of the following fields: a field for indicating the payload size of the data portion of the PPDU; a field for indicating the transmission duration of the data portion of the PPDU; and a field for indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the PPDU. A field used to indicate the frequency domain resources occupied by the PPDU; A field used to indicate the waveform used in the data portion of the PPDU; A field used to indicate the MCS of the data portion of the PPDU; Fields indicating whether the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; fields indicating the number of times the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; fields indicating the channel parameters of the PPDU; fields indicating the encoding method of the PPDU; and fields indicating the multiple access method of the PPDU.

26. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that, The signal field includes a fifth field, which indicates the MAC frame format. Different MAC frame formats include fields indicating different MAC layer parameters.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The fifth field also indicates the MAC frame number.

28. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 27, characterized in that, The PPDU is sent by the AMP IoT device or received by the AMP IoT device.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that, When the PPDU is received by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a sixth field, which is used to indicate the physical layer parameters of the uplink PPDU sent by the AMP IoT device after receiving the PPDU.

30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that, The sixth field includes one or more of the following fields: a field indicating the channel parameters of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the encoding method of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the waveform used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the multiple access method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the transmission method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating whether the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the number of times the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; and a field indicating the payload size of the data portion of the uplink PPDU. A field used to indicate the transmission duration of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field used to indicate the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the uplink PPDU; A field used to indicate the MCS of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field used to indicate the data rate of the uplink PPDU.

31. The method according to claim 25 or 30, characterized in that, The channel parameters include one or more of the following: channel location, channel number, number of channels, channel bandwidth, and channel center frequency.

32. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that, If the PPDU is not sent by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a seventh field, which is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device receives the PPDU.

33. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 32, characterized in that, The signal field includes an eighth field, which is used to verify the signal field.

34. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 33, characterized in that, The signal field includes a ninth field, which is used to indicate the frame number of the PPDU.

35. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 34, characterized in that, The PPDU also includes a compatibility section, which differs from the signal field in one or more of the following aspects: bandwidth, coding method, modulation method, channel parameters, waveform, multiple access method, multiplexing method, occupied frequency domain resources, MCS, and data rate.

36. The method according to claim 35, characterized in that, The compatible portion includes one or more of the following: L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, L-MAC header.

37. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes: A transmitting module is used to transmit Physical Layer Protocol Data Units (PPDUs), the PPDUs including signal fields, the signal fields being used to indicate physical layer parameters and / or Media Access Control (MAC) layer parameters related to ambient energy IoT (AMP) IoT transmission.

38. The apparatus according to claim 37, characterized in that, The physical layer parameters include one or more of the following: the type of PPDU, data rate, whether backscattering is used, payload size, transmission duration, waveform, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), whether the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, the number of times the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, channel parameters, coding method, multiple access method, and multiplexing method.

39. The apparatus according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that, The signal field includes a first field, which indicates whether the type of the PPDU is an AMP PPDU.

40. The apparatus according to claim 39, characterized in that, The first field includes a preset codeword, or the first field carries indication information.

41. The apparatus according to any one of claims 37 to 40, characterized in that, The signal field includes a second field, which is used to indicate the data rate of the PPDU, or the second field is used in conjunction with a synchronization sequence to indicate the data rate of the PPDU; The synchronization sequence is used for time-domain and / or frequency-domain synchronization of AMP IoT devices.

42. The apparatus according to any one of claims 37 to 41, characterized in that, The signal field includes a third field; wherein the third field is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device performs backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that the PPDU contains a carrier for backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that a carrier for backscattering is included after the PPDU; or, the third field is used to trigger an AMP IoT device with a first transmission capability to transmit, wherein the AMP IoT device with the first transmission capability supports backscattering transmission mode and does not support active transmission mode.

43. The apparatus according to any one of claims 37 to 42, characterized in that, The signal field includes a fourth field, which includes one or more of the following fields: a field for indicating the payload size of the data portion of the PPDU; a field for indicating the transmission duration of the data portion of the PPDU; and a field for indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the PPDU. A field used to indicate the frequency domain resources occupied by the PPDU; A field used to indicate the waveform used in the data portion of the PPDU; A field used to indicate the MCS of the data portion of the PPDU; Fields indicating whether the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; fields indicating the number of times the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; fields indicating the channel parameters of the PPDU; fields indicating the encoding method of the PPDU; and fields indicating the multiple access method of the PPDU.

44. The apparatus according to any one of claims 37 to 43, characterized in that, The signal field includes a fifth field, which indicates the MAC frame format. Different MAC frame formats include fields indicating different MAC layer parameters.

45. The apparatus according to claim 44, characterized in that, The fifth field also indicates the MAC frame number.

46. ​​The apparatus according to any one of claims 37 to 45, characterized in that, The PPDU is sent by the AMP IoT device or received by the AMP IoT device.

47. The apparatus according to claim 46, characterized in that, When the PPDU is received by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a sixth field, which is used to indicate the physical layer parameters of the uplink PPDU sent by the AMP IoT device after receiving the PPDU.

48. The apparatus according to claim 47, characterized in that, The sixth field includes one or more of the following fields: a field indicating the channel parameters of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the encoding method of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the waveform used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the multiple access method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the transmission method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating whether the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the number of times the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; and a field indicating the payload size of the data portion of the uplink PPDU. A field used to indicate the transmission duration of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field used to indicate the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the uplink PPDU; A field used to indicate the MCS of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field used to indicate the data rate of the uplink PPDU.

49. The apparatus according to claim 43 or 48, characterized in that, The channel parameters include one or more of the following: channel location, channel number, number of channels, channel bandwidth, and channel center frequency.

50. The apparatus according to claim 46, characterized in that, If the PPDU is not sent by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a seventh field, which is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device receives the PPDU.

51. The apparatus according to any one of claims 37 to 50, characterized in that, The signal field includes an eighth field, which is used to verify the signal field.

52. The apparatus according to any one of claims 37 to 51, characterized in that, The signal field includes a ninth field, which is used to indicate the frame number of the PPDU.

53. The apparatus according to any one of claims 37 to 52, characterized in that, The PPDU also includes a compatibility section, which differs from the signal field in one or more of the following aspects: bandwidth, coding method, modulation method, channel parameters, waveform, multiple access method, multiplexing method, occupied frequency domain resources, MCS, and data rate.

54. The apparatus according to claim 53, characterized in that, The compatible portion includes one or more of the following: L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, L-MAC header.

55. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes: A receiving module is used to receive Physical Layer Protocol Data Units (PPDUs), the PPDUs including signal fields, the signal fields being used to indicate physical layer parameters and / or Media Access Control (MAC) layer parameters related to ambient energy IoT (AMP) IoT transmission.

56. The apparatus according to claim 55, characterized in that, The physical layer parameters include one or more of the following: the type of PPDU, data rate, whether backscattering is used, payload size, transmission duration, waveform, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), whether the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, the number of times the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, channel parameters, coding method, multiple access method, and multiplexing method.

57. The apparatus according to claim 55 or 56, characterized in that, The signal field includes a first field, which indicates whether the type of the PPDU is an AMP PPDU.

58. The apparatus according to claim 57, characterized in that, The first field includes a preset codeword, or the first field carries indication information.

59. The apparatus according to any one of claims 55 to 58, characterized in that, The signal field includes a second field, which is used to indicate the data rate of the PPDU, or the second field is used in conjunction with a synchronization sequence to indicate the data rate of the PPDU; The synchronization sequence is used for time-domain and / or frequency-domain synchronization of AMP IoT devices.

60. The apparatus according to any one of claims 55 to 59, characterized in that, The signal field includes a third field, which is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device performs backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that the PPDU contains a carrier for backscattering; or, the third field is used to indicate that a carrier for backscattering is included after the PPDU; or, the third field is used to trigger an AMP IoT device with a first transmission capability to transmit, wherein the AMP IoT device with the first transmission capability supports backscattering transmission mode and does not support active transmission mode.

61. The apparatus according to any one of claims 55 to 60, characterized in that, The signal field includes a fourth field, which includes one or more of the following fields: a field for indicating the payload size of the data portion of the PPDU; a field for indicating the transmission duration of the data portion of the PPDU; and a field for indicating the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the PPDU. A field used to indicate the frequency domain resources occupied by the PPDU; A field used to indicate the waveform used in the data portion of the PPDU; A field used to indicate the MCS of the data portion of the PPDU; Fields indicating whether the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; fields indicating the number of times the data portion of the PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; fields indicating the channel parameters of the PPDU; fields indicating the encoding method of the PPDU; and fields indicating the multiple access method of the PPDU.

62. The apparatus according to any one of claims 55 to 61, characterized in that, The signal field includes a fifth field, which indicates the MAC frame format. Different MAC frame formats include fields indicating different MAC layer parameters.

63. The apparatus according to claim 62, characterized in that, The fifth field also indicates the MAC frame number.

64. The apparatus according to any one of claims 55 to 63, characterized in that, The PPDU is sent by the AMP IoT device or received by the AMP IoT device.

65. The apparatus according to claim 64, characterized in that, When the PPDU is received by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a sixth field, which is used to indicate the physical layer parameters of the uplink PPDU sent by the AMP IoT device after receiving the PPDU.

66. The apparatus according to claim 65, characterized in that, The sixth field includes one or more of the following fields: a field indicating the channel parameters of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the encoding method of the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the waveform used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the multiple access method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating the transmission method used by the uplink PPDU; a field indicating whether the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; a field indicating the number of times the data portion of the uplink PPDU is repeatedly transmitted; and a field indicating the payload size of the data portion of the uplink PPDU. A field used to indicate the transmission duration of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field used to indicate the frequency domain resources occupied by the data portion of the uplink PPDU; A field used to indicate the MCS of the data portion of the uplink PPDU; a field used to indicate the data rate of the uplink PPDU.

67. The apparatus according to claim 61 or 66, characterized in that, The channel parameters include one or more of the following: channel location, channel number, number of channels, channel bandwidth, and channel center frequency.

68. The apparatus according to claim 64, characterized in that, If the PPDU is not sent by the AMP IoT device, the signal field includes a seventh field, which is used to indicate whether the AMP IoT device receives the PPDU.

69. The apparatus according to any one of claims 55 to 68, characterized in that, The signal field includes an eighth field, which is used to verify the signal field.

70. The apparatus according to any one of claims 55 to 69, characterized in that, The signal field includes a ninth field, which is used to indicate the frame number of the PPDU.

71. The apparatus according to any one of claims 55 to 70, characterized in that, The PPDU also includes a compatibility section, which differs from the signal field in one or more of the following aspects: bandwidth, coding method, modulation method, channel parameters, waveform, multiple access method, multiplexing method, occupied frequency domain resources, MCS, and data rate.

72. The apparatus according to claim 71, characterized in that, The compatible portion includes one or more of the following: L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, L-MAC header.

73. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes: a processor; a transceiver connected to the processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to load and execute the executable instructions to implement the communication method of the AMP IoT device as described in any one of claims 1 to 18, or the communication method of the AMP IoT device as described in any one of claims 19 to 36.

74. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a transceiver; the communication device is configured to perform the communication method of the AMP IoT device as described in any one of claims 1 to 18, or the communication method of the AMP IoT device as described in any one of claims 19 to 36.

75. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores at least one program, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the communication method of the AMP IoT device as described in any one of claims 1 to 18, or the communication method of the AMP IoT device as described in any one of claims 19 to 36.

76. A computer program product or computer program, characterized in that, The computer program product or the computer program includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor retrieves the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions to implement the communication method of the AMP IoT device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18, or the communication method of the AMP IoT device as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 36.

77. A chip, characterized in that, The chip includes a programmable logic circuit and / or at least a program, the chip being used to implement the communication method of the AMP IoT device as described in any one of claims 1 to 18, or the communication method of the AMP IoT device as described in any one of claims 19 to 36, based on the programmable logic circuit and / or the at least a program.

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