Communication timing for passive devices
By configuring guard times and access occasions for passive devices, the communication efficiency and quality of passive devices are enhanced, addressing synchronization challenges and reducing collisions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/104871
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-15
AI Technical Summary
Passive devices in wireless communication systems, such as passive IoT devices, face challenges with timing synchronization, leading to reduced communication efficiency and increased collisions due to limited timing capabilities and uncertainty.
Configuring guard time durations outside and within access occasions, increasing these durations over time, and splitting resources to accommodate forward link transmissions and backscatter communications, along with defining dynamic or defined configurations for guard times and access occasions.
This approach enhances communication efficiency by reserving resources for transmissions, reducing interference, and compensating for timing errors, thereby improving the quality and throughput of communications.
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Figure CN2024104871_15012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION TIMING FOR PASSIVE DEVICES
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communication, including communication timing for passive devices.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) . Wireless communications systems may also include one or more passive devices (e.g., ambient Internet of Things (IoT) devices) with limited power capability) which may communicate with a UE or a base station (or other network entity) .SUMMARY
[0004] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein. In some examples, for multiple passive devices, a reader may configure guard time durations outside of one or more respective access occasions to increase resources available for backward link communications in the one or more access occasions. Further, when communicating with a single passive device, a reader may define guard time durations at boundaries within each respective access occasion of the passive device to mitigate collisions. Guard time durations or access occasions may also increase over time to compensate for accumulated error, while a reader may further split resources to make room for forward link transmissions and additional backward link, or backscatter, communications. Further, additional signaling and configurations may be defined for readers and passive devices, including dynamic or defined configurations for guard time durations, access occasions, or ambiguity windows.
[0005] A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device is described. The method may include transmitting a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a set of multiple access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions, where the time domain window includes a set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions and receiving, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, where a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.
[0006] A wireless communication device for wireless communication is described. The wireless communication device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the wireless communication device to transmit a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a set of multiple access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions, where the time domain window includes a set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions and receive, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, where a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.
[0007] Another wireless communication device for wireless communication is described. The wireless communication device may include means for transmitting a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a set of multiple access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions, where the time domain window includes a set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions and means for receiving, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, where a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to transmit a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a set of multiple access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions, where the time domain window includes a set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions and receive, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, where a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.
[0009] Some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a second signal indicating a respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices, the respective set of resources indicating the one or more respective access occasions, one or more respective guard time durations defining boundaries between the one or more respective access occasions, or both.
[0010] Some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting one or more synchronization signals, where the one or more respective access occasions, the one or more respective guard time durations, or both, may be defined with respect to a timing of the one or more synchronization signals.
[0011] In some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the signal includes a synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals.
[0012] In some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions may be based at a least in part on a time gap between a respective synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals and a first access occasion of the one or more respective access occasions.
[0013] In some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions may be based at a least in part on the respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices.
[0014] Some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving one or more cyclic prefixes, where the one or more respective access occasions, the one or more respective guard time durations, or both, may be defined with respect to a timing of the one or more cyclic prefixes.
[0015] In some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the set of multiple guard time durations may be positioned outside of the set of multiple access occasions and each guard time duration defines a boundary between a beginning or an end of one or more access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions and the guard time duration.
[0016] In some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more passive devices include a set of multiple passive devices and each response signal may be received within a respective access occasion of the set of multiple access occasions associated with a respective passive device of the set of multiple passive devices.
[0017] In some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the set of multiple guard time durations may be positioned within the set of multiple access occasions and each guard time duration defines a boundary including a beginning or an end of an access occasion of the set of multiple access occasions.
[0018] In some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more passive devices include a first passive device and each response signal may be received within a respective access occasion of the set of multiple access occasions associated with the first passive device.
[0019] In some examples of the method, wireless communication devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, each access occasion may be identified based on increasing the respective time domain length by a first numerical quantity of first time intervals in accordance with a defined pattern at one or more defined times.
[0020] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIGs. 3A and 3B show examples of timing diagrams that support communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 4A and 4B show examples of timing diagrams that support communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 5A and 5B show examples of timing diagrams that support communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIGs. 7 and 8 show block diagrams of devices that support communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIGs. 11 and 12 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] Wireless communications systems (e.g., NR wireless communications systems) may include passive devices, such as passive internet of things (IoT) devices, which may rely on passive communication technologies, including backscatter communication, that may provide for low power and low cost of devices. Some passive devices may be of different types or belong to different classifications (e.g., passive, semi-passive, semi-active) , and may include radio frequency identification (RFID) devices, including ultra-high frequency RFID (UHF RFID) devices. RFID devices and tags may also include active devices in other cases. A communication system, such as a UHF RFID system, may include one or more reader devices (e.g., UEs, network entities) and one or more passive devices (e.g., tags) . Passive devices may in some cases synchronize with readers by receiving one or more synchronization signals. However, passive devices may have limited timing capabilities, and may not fully or accurately synchronize their timing with a reader device, which may reduce a certainty in communication timing, result in low communications efficiency, and increase collisions between signals from multiple passive devices. In some cases, to mitigate uncertainty in communications, readers may configure multiple passive devices with equally sized sub-windows, or access occasions in which responses and other backscatter communications may be transmitted to readers, and may include guard time durations during which backscatter communications may be avoided to prevent collisions. However, further designs may be desired for improved coordination and communication efficiency.
[0032] Various aspects relate generally to wireless communication and more particularly to communication timing for passive devices. Some aspects more specifically relate to improving device coordination and increasing efficiency of passive device communication by defining different variations of guard time implementation within or outside of access occasions, increasing guard time or access occasion durations over time, splitting resources, among other implementations. For example, for multiple passive devices, a reader (e.g., a UE, a base station or other network entity) may configure guard time durations outside of respective access occasions, where guard time durations may increase over time. Further, when communicating with a single passive device, a reader may define guard time durations at boundaries within each respective access occasion of the passive device that may also increase with time. A reader may further split resources to make room for forward link transmissions and additional backscatter communications (e.g., cyclic prefix cutting) , or may increase access occasions themselves over time. In some cases, guard time durations or access occasions may be defined to increase by a quantity of time intervals in accordance with a defined pattern at one or more defined times (e.g., increased by Y time intervals for each X time intervals after synchronization, where X and Y are positive integers, increased by a percentage of a gap after synchronization, or based on a table) . Additional signaling and configurations may also be defined for readers and passive devices, including dynamic or defined configurations for guard time durations, access occasions, or ambiguity windows.
[0033] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. By configuring multiple passive devices with guard time durations outside of respective access occasions, a greater amount of resources within each respective access occasion (e.g., time resources, frequency resources) may be reserved for transmission, which may increase a quality or throughput of communications in an access occasion. In some cases, defining guard time durations at boundaries within access occasions for communication with a single passive device may conserve system resources by maintaining resources allocated to a passive device, while reducing interference between communications by using guard time durations. Further, increasing a length of guard time durations after or within each access occasion may compensate for accumulated uncertainty or accumulated error in communications. In some cases, splitting resources to make room for forward link transmissions and additional backscatter communications may further reduce collisions between signals. Further, by enabling additional rules, definitions, and signaling, devices may be more flexible depending on different conditions to increase a quality, efficiency, or throughput of communications, as well as coordination.
[0034] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are also described in the context of a system diagram, timing diagrams, and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to communication timing for passive devices.
[0035] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0036] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0037] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0038] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0039] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0040] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0041] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0042] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0043] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0044] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0045] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0046] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0047] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0048] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0049] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0050] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0051] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0052] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0053] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0054] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0055] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of the network entities 105) may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of network entities 105) may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
[0056] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0057] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0058] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0059] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0060] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0061] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0062] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0063] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0064] In some cases, the wireless communications system 100 may include one or more readers (e.g., UEs 115, network entities 105) and one or more passive devices 106 (e.g., identifiers, tags) in communication with one or more readers, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. Passive devices 106 may be in communication in some cases with a network entity 105 functioning as a reader (e.g., in a first topology) via a communication link 126 (e.g., a forward link and a backward link) , or with a UE 115 functioning as a reader (e.g., in a second topology) via a communication link 126 (e.g., via a forward link and a backward link) , where the UE 115 may be in communication with a network entity 105 via a communication link 125 (e.g., a Uu link, an uplink and a downlink) . Passive devices 106 may have limited timing synchronization abilities and may, for example, remain relatively out of sync even after receiving a synchronization signal, which may reduce a certainty in communication timing, resulting in low communications efficiency as well as collisions between transmissions from different passive devices 106. In some cases, to mitigate uncertainty in communications, multiple passive devices 106 may communicate within equally sized sub-windows, or access occasions, and may include guard time durations in the sub-windows. However, further designs may be desired for improved coordination and communication efficiency.
[0065] In some implementations, coordination and efficiency of passive device communication may be increased by defining different variations of guard time implementation within or outside of access occasions, increasing guard time or access occasion durations over time, dividing resources, among other implementations. For example, for multiple passive devices 106, a reader (e.g., a UE 115, a base station or other network entity 105) may configure guard time durations outside of respective access occasions, where guard time durations may increase over time. Further, when communicating with a single passive device 106, a reader may define guard time durations at boundaries within each respective access occasion of the passive device 106 that may also increase with time. A reader may further split resources to make room for forward link transmissions and additional backscatter communications or may increase access occasions themselves over time. Additional signaling and configurations may also be defined for readers and passive devices, including dynamic or defined configurations for guard time durations, access occasions, or ambiguity windows.
[0066] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications system 200 may implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include a reader device 205-a, which may be an example of a wireless communication device, such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0067] The wireless communications system 200 may also include one or more passive devices 210, such as passive devices 210-a, 210-b, and 210 -c, each of which may be examples of passive devices 106, such as an RFID tag. In some cases, the passive devices 210 may be of different types or belong to different classifications (e.g., passive, semi-passive, or semi-active) of passive devices or tags (e.g., IoT devices) . For example, some passive devices 210 may use backscatter communication, active transmission, or any combination thereof. In another example, some passive devices 210 may not have a battery, while others may have a battery (e.g., a rechargeable battery) or may harvest energy from received carrier waves and implement energy storage circuits. Although three passive devices 210 are shown in the wireless communications system 200, the wireless communications system 200 may include any quantity of passive devices 210.
[0068] In some examples, the reader device 205-a may function as a reader for one or more passive devices 210-a. For example, the reader device 205-a may transmit one or more signals 215 via a forward link and may receive backward link, or backscatter, communications in one or more responses 220 via a backscatter link, or backward link. In some examples, the reader device 205-a may represent a base station or other network entity 105 functioning as a reader in a first topology, or may represent a UE 115 functioning as a reader, where the UE 115 may function as a relay device that may be controlled by a network entity 105 in a second topology. In some examples, one or more signals 215 may include one or more synchronization signals for synchronizing communications with the reader device 205-a.
[0069] In some examples, the passive devices 210 may have poor timing ability and may remain relatively out of sync even after receiving a synchronization signal, resulting in low communications efficiency as well as collisions between different passive device transmissions. In some cases, to mitigate uncertainty in passive device communications, passive devices 210 may communicate within equally sized access occasions (e.g., sub-windows) of a time domain window allocated to multiple passive devices 210, and may include guard time durations that define boundaries and provide a time domain buffer between the different access occasions. For example, the reader device 205-a (e.g., a reader) may transmit a signal 215 (e.g., a synchronization signal or command, such as a query command) to one or more passive devices 210. In some cases, the reader device 205-a may broadcast or groupcast the signal 215, transmitting a signal 215-a to the passive device 210-a, a signal 215-b to the passive device 210-b, and a signal 215-c to the passive device 210-c. The signals 215 may indicate or trigger each passive device to transmit a response 220 during a time domain window, and each of the passive devices 210 may transmit responses 220 during one or more respective access occasions, including responses 220-a, 220-b, and 220-c.
[0070] The time domain window may also include one or more guard time durations in which a passive device 210 may not transmit a response 220, which may provide a buffer for errors related to different timing capabilities of the passive devices 210, a propagation delay, or any other effects. For example, passive devices 210 may have poor timing ability, incurring error in timing even after synchronization, which may accumulate over time. Thus, guard time durations may provide a buffer to mitigate error. The reader device 205-a may also transmit one or more signals 225, such as signals 225-a, 225-b, and 225-c, which may indicate time and frequency resources for the passive devices 210, including the respective access occasions.
[0071] In some examples, implementing equal sized access occasions as well as guard time durations may mitigate backward link timing uncertainty and collisions between passive device communications to improve a quality and efficiency in communications. Further, in some cases, an ambiguity window may be implemented to provide a period in which a passive device response 220 may be received to further mitigate timing uncertainty. However, further designs and definitions related to access occasions, guard time durations, and ambiguity windows may achieve improved coordination and communication efficiency in a wireless communications system.
[0072] In some implementations, the wireless communications system 200 may support additional capabilities related to access occasions, guard time durations, and ambiguity windows. For example, guard time durations may be supported both within and outside of access occasions (e.g., backward link resources) , and may be visible to a reader, such as the reader device 205-a, or visible to a passive device 210. Additionally, guard time durations may be defined at one or more devices, indicated dynamically, or determined dynamically by the reader device 205-a or the passive device 210 using one or more factors. In some examples, the reader device 205-a may apply guard time durations to either multiple passive devices 210-a, 210-b, or 210-c, or to a single passive device 210-a, 210-b, or 210-c, where guard time durations, access occasions, and ambiguity windows may be defined based on a quantity of passive devices 210 communicating with the reader device 205-a. Additional signaling may also be supported, including signaling in A-IoT links, in Uu links (e.g., within a second topology) , among other links. In some cases, additional signaling may be included related to ambiguity windows (e.g., in the second topology) , while further variation in ambiguity window and guard time durations may be implemented, including details related to frequency shifts, data rates, chip durations, and frequency guard band size. Such details may be described in further detail with respect to FIGs. 3A–5B.
[0073] FIGs. 3A and 3B show examples of timing diagrams 300-a and 300-b that support communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the timing diagrams 300-a and 300-b may each include a time domain window, which may be defined at one or more devices or dynamically configured. The time domain windows may include access occasions 315-a and 315-b, respectively, which may represent occasions for transmitting responses 320-a and 320-b. In some examples, responses 320-a and 320-b may be in response to signals 310-a and 310-b (e.g., forward link signals such as synchronization signals, signals requesting responses, carrier waves) , respectively. In some cases, the timing diagrams 300-a and 300-b may illustrate definitions for timing with respect to multiple passive devices in communication with a reader device (e.g., a reader device 205) . In FIGs. 3A and 3B, one or more transmissions may be one-to-many.
[0074] In some examples, a reader device (e.g., a reader device 205) or other device may define the access occasions 315-a and 315-b to have equal durations for multiple passive devices (e.g., passive devices 210) , so that a passive device may respond within equal time domain length access occasions (e.g., within an access occasion configured to the passive device via a signal 225 indicating resources) . For example, each access occasion 315 may correspond to a response from a different passive device. Further, in some examples, the device, or a signal 225, may define time domain increasing guard time durations for backward link responses for multiple passive devices. For example, a guard time durations 325-a-2 and 325-b-2 may have a greater duration than guard time durations 325-a-1 and 325-b-1 at an earlier time, where guard time durations may increase over time to compensate for accumulated synchronization time uncertainty and error across multiple passive devices.
[0075] Further, guard time durations may be defined within, or outside, of access occasions 315. For example, with respect to FIG. 3A, a device may define guard time durations within access occasions 315-a for multiple passive devices. An access occasion 315-a-1 may include a response 320-a-1 (e.g., a backward link response transmitted via a response 220) and a guard time duration 325-a-1 within resources (e.g., time resources) of the access occasion. In another example with respect to FIG. 3B, a device may define guard time durations outside of access occasions 315-a for multiple passive devices. For example, a guard time duration 325-b-1 may instead be between an access occasion 315-b-1 and an access occasion 315-b-2 of equal length. In some cases, placing guard time durations 325 outside of access occasions 315 may mitigate degradation of resources caused by placing guard time durations within access occasions, instead freeing up additional resources to be used by backward link responses, such as responses 320-b-1 and 320-b-2. In some examples, responses may be transmitted by multiple passive devices when forward link transmissions (e.g., signals 310) are queries or other groupcast messages.
[0076] Time domain increasing for multiple passive devices may be defined according to a duration between a synchronization signal and one or more access occasions 320. For example, a reader device may define guard time durations 325 to increase by Y time intervals (e.g., symbols, chips, slots, or other time intervals) after each X time intervals (e.g., symbols, chips, slots, access occasions) after synchronization. Additionally, or alternatively, each guard time duration 325 may be defined as a percentage Z of a time gap between forward link synchronization (e.g., reception of a forward link synchronization signal, such as the signal 310-a or 310-b) and the corresponding access occasion before or after the guard time duration 325. A guard time duration 325 may be based on a percentage of error after synchronization as well. Further, a reader device may indicate a table to a passive device, or a table may be defined at a reader device or passive device, where the table may capture a gap between forward link synchronization and a corresponding access occasion 315 and a corresponding guard time duration value. In some cases, guard time durations 325 may be defined at one or more reader devices or passive devices, or may be dynamically configured. For example, to dynamically configure one or more guard time durations 325, a network entity 105 may transmit an indication of the one or more guard time durations 325 to one or more passive devices or to one or more reader devices (e.g., UEs 115) , or reader devices may transmit signaling to respective passive devices indicating one or more guard time durations 325.
[0077] In some examples, forward link synchronization may be carried either in a forward link command, or in a periodical, aperiodical, or on-demand synchronization signal. Further, in some cases, guard time durations 325 may be supported at a single side of a respective access occasion, or at two sides (e.g., double side) . If double side guard time durations 325 are supported, different guard time durations may be supported at different sides of an access occasion 315. In some cases, a passive device may avoid transmitting backscatter link signals during guard time durations 325 (e.g., guard time durations 325 may be non-transparent, or visible, to a tag) . In some cases, reader devices may transmit carrier waves and monitor for receiving passive device responses within both guard time durations 325 and access occasion 315.
[0078] FIGs. 4A and 4B show examples of timing diagrams 400-a and 400-b that support communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, similar to the timing diagrams 300-a and 300-b, the timing diagrams 400-a and 400-b may each include a time domain window including respective access occasions 415-a and 415-b for transmitting responses 420-a and 420-b after synchronization performed using signals 410-a and 410-b (e.g., FL packet with sync and AO indicated) . In some cases, the timing diagrams 400-a and 400-b may illustrate definitions for timing with respect to a single passive device in communication with a reader, and may involve one or more one-to-one transmissions.
[0079] For example, a device (e.g., a reader device 205) may define the access occasions 415-a and 415-b to have equal durations for a single passive device (e.g., passive devices 210) , where the passive device may transmit responses 420 within access occasions 415 configured for or otherwise assigned to the passive device. For example, both access occasions 415-a-1 and 415-a-2, or both access occasions 415-b-1 and 415-b-2, may be configured for a single device. Further, NR uplink transmissions may be outside of guard time durations 425 and access occasions 415. In some cases, time domain increasing of the guard time durations 425-a-1, 425-a-3, 425-b-1, 425-b-2, 425-b-3, 425-b-4 may also be supported or defined for a backward link response for a single passive device. For example, guard time durations 425-a-3 and 425-a-4 (or 425-b-3 and 425-b-4) may be greater than guard time durations 425-a-1 and 425-a-2 at an earlier time (or guard time durations 425-b-1 and 425-b-2) , and may be based on time intervals after synchronization.
[0080] Guard time durations may be also defined within, or outside of, access occasions 415 for a single passive device. For example, with respect to FIG. 4A, a reader device may define guard time durations within access occasions 415-a for the single passive device. In some examples, if a guard time duration 425 is defined within an access occasion 415, the guard time duration 425 may be non-transparent to a corresponding passive device (e.g., a tag may avoid backward link transmissions in the guard time duration 425) . In another example with respect to FIG. 4B, the reader device may define guard time durations outside of access occasions 415-b for the single device. For example, guard time durations 425-b-1 and 425-b-2 may be outside an access occasion 415-b-1, but within an ambiguity window 430-b-1, which may be a sum of the guard time durations 425-b-1 and 425-b-2 and the access occasion 415-b-1. An ambiguity window 430-b-2 may similarly be a sum of the guard time durations 425-b-3 and 425-b-4 and the access occasion 415-b-2, where access occasions 415-b-1 and 415-b-2 may include responses 420-b-1and 420-b-2 in some cases.
[0081] In some examples, if a guard time duration 425 is defined outside of an access occasion 415, the guard time duration 425 may be non-transparent (e.g., visible) to a reader device, but may be transparent (e.g., invisible) to a corresponding passive device. For example, with respect to FIG. 4B, a reader device may refrain from indicating the guard time in a resource signal. Additionally, or alternatively, guard time durations 425-b may not be explicitly defined at one or more devices, where instead ambiguity windows 430 may be defined as the guard time durations 425-b and corresponding access occasions 415. For example, an ambiguity window 430 may, instead of defining guard time durations 425, define a time within which a backscatter response 420 less than the ambiguity window may be received. In some cases, an ambiguity window 430 may be non-transparent to a reader device (e.g., transmitted carrier wave and monitoring for responses may be within or with respect to an ambiguity window 430) and an access occasion 415 may be configured for a passive device (e.g., for tag backscatter transmission) .
[0082] Similar to FIGs. 3A and 3B, guard time durations 425 may be defined by a quantity of time intervals after synchronization, defined by a table to capture a relationship between time after synchronization and corresponding guard time durations 425, etc. In some examples, other similar aspects for multiple device aspects described in FIGs. 3A and 3B may also be supported by a single device.
[0083] FIG. 5 shows an example of time diagrams 500-a and 500-b that support communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, similar to the timing diagrams 300-a, 300-b, 400-a, and 400-b, the timing diagrams 500-a and 500-b may each include a time domain window in which a single passive device, or multiple passive devices, may transmit responses 520 during access occasions 515 based on signals 510-a and 510-b (e.g., forward link packets with synchronization signals) and including guard time durations 525.
[0084] In some examples, FIG. 5A may illustrate splitting one or more resources to avoid collisions. For example, a subset of resources may be picked out (e.g., removed from use, not configured) from an allocation of backward link resource 535-a configured for one or more passive devices (e.g., for access occasions of a single device or multiple devices) to avoid collision of one or more signals. In some cases, a reader device or other device may remove one or more resources from the resources 535-a before transmitting a signal to indicate the resources 535-a to a passive device. Resources may be picked out due to forward link transmissions. For example, a guard time duration 525-a-1 may be split so that resources 540-a-1 are removed due to one or more forward link transmissions (e.g., of synchronization signals or other synchronization messaging) . Additionally, or alternatively, the resources 540-a-1 may be picked out due to one or more cyclic prefixes (e.g., backward link cyclic prefix cutting) . For example, the reader device may pick out the resources 540-a-1 among other resources 540 based on one or more cyclic prefixes received from one or more devices, such as other passive devices, to avoid collisions. Additionally, or alternatively, a passive device may pick out resources. For example, a passive device, after receiving a signal indicating the resources 535-a, may pick out one or more resources based on cyclic prefixes received from other passive devices.
[0085] In some examples, FIG. 5B may illustrate increasing a duration of access occasions 515 along with guard time duration increasing (e.g., when configured for multiple tags) . For example, each of the access occasions 515-b-1, 515-b-2, and 515-b-3 may increase in duration by an amount equivalent to a corresponding increasing guard time duration 525-b-1, 525-b-2, and 525-b-3, where the guard time durations 525-b may be within the access occasions 515-b. In such cases, corresponding responses 520-b-1, 520-b-2, and 520-b-3 may have a same duration which may not be diminished given the increasing size of the access occasions 515-b. A passive device may automatically pick out time domain increasing guard time durations 525 from configured resources in some cases, or guard time durations may be indicated by a reader device or defined at one or more devices.
[0086] In some examples, the techniques described herein with respect to FIGs. 2–5B may be supported by different types of devices, including 3GPP devices, NR devices, among other wireless devices. In some examples, even if a device (e.g., a 3GPP device) does not support time domain increasing guard time durations, the device may support deciding guard time durations, ambiguity windows, or access occasions according to one or more parameters, including according to a frequency offset (e.g., for accuracy) . Further, although the aspects described herein may be described with respect to passive devices 106 and 210, one or more aspects may be related to communication with active devices as well, such as between reader devices and active devices.
[0087] In some examples, additional signaling may be supported by one or more devices as described with respect to FIGs. 2–5B. For example, signaling relating to guard time durations (e.g., guard time durations 325, 425, 525) may be utilized in A-IoT links. In some cases, forward links and backward links may be similarly used for communicating between a reader device, such as a UE in the second topology, and one or more passive devices, such as tags, and may involve one or more access occasions or ambiguity windows such as described in FIGs. 4A and 4B.
[0088] In some cases, Uu links may involve additional signaling. For example, a UE 115 acting as a reader device in a second topology may transmit a signal to report passive device frequency offset related information to a network entity 105 (e.g., gNB) . In some cases, the UE 115 (e.g., a reader device) may measure a frequency offset using backward link preambles, midambles, or postambles. A reader device may also report a measured passive device frequency error, a maximal frequency error of a single passive device (e.g., in a corresponding observation window) , a maximal frequency error among multiple passive devices, among other information. A reader device may further report a self-clock performance (e.g., oscillator type, maximal frequency error) among other parameters related to one or more passive devices (e.g., passive device type, or estimated oscillator error, or table associated with clock performance and time intervals to increase) .
[0089] In some examples, if a network determines guard time durations (or ambiguity window durations and access occasions) , a network (e.g., gNB) may allocate one or more A-IoT resources (e.g., access occasions) to a reader device, with guard time durations indicated (e.g., inside or outside of resources) . In some cases, a guard time duration may be configured by a network. Additionally, or alternatively, a guard time decision rule may be defined at one or more devices. For example, instead of having a guard time configuration sent to a reader device, an ambiguity window may be configured to the reader device from the network, and the reader device may pick out or select one or more guard time durations within the ambiguity window based on one or more rules or parameters, where remaining resources may be configured as access occasions for a passive device.
[0090] In some examples, if a reader device determines guard time durations (or ambiguity windows and access occasions) , a network (e.g., a gNB) may allocate A-IoT resources (e.g., ambiguity windows) to a reader device. In such a case, a reader device may be configured (e.g., dynamically or defined at the reader device) with one or more guard time or access occasion decision rules (e.g., guard time or access occasion increasing by Y time intervals for each X time intervals after synchronization) . A reader device may decide on access occasions to configure to a passive device within an ambiguity window. In some cases, a reader device may determine guard time durations according to a frequency offset of one or more passive devices. Additionally, or alternatively, when a reader device (e.g., UE 115) determines to read data from a passive device, the reader device may report to the network (e.g., to a gNB) a quantity of data requested to read (e.g., instead of reporting how much data is in a reader device buffer) .
[0091] In some examples, devices may support additional signaling related to guard time durations or ambiguity windows in A-IoT links. For example, in an A-IoT forward link, if a reader device determines guard time durations, the reader device may configure guard time durations to passive devices, or may determine guard time durations according to different frequency offsets of one or more passive devices as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, frequency offsets may be based on or associated with different passive device types, oscillator types, passive device measured frequency error, passive device maximal frequency error, among other parameters or factors. In some cases, if a reader device is connected with multiple passive devices, guard time durations (or ambiguity windows) may be determined (e.g., decided, selected) according to a passive device having a lowest oscillator accuracy of one or more passive devices. Additionally, or alternatively, different types of passive devices (e.g., with different passive device frequency offsets) may have different guard time configurations as described herein.
[0092] In some examples, a reader device may configure a guard time duration (or ambiguity window and access occasion) decision rule as described herein. In some cases, a time interval step to increase a guard time duration or access occasion (e.g., X) may be different for different passive device types, oscillator types, passive device measured frequency errors, passive device maximal frequency errors, and decisions may be determined according to defined rules (e.g., tables) between the step and those factors. In another example, if a passive device determines guard time durations or ambiguity windows, a passive device may determine guard time durations according to different passive device types, oscillator types, passive device measured frequency error, passive device maximal frequency errors, or according to defined rules (e.g., tables) . In some examples, for A-IoT backward links, a passive device may report one or more parameters (e.g., passive device type, oscillator class, passive device measured frequency errors, passive device maximal frequency errors) .
[0093] In some examples, FIGs. 2–5B may illustrate increasing guard time duration or ambiguity windows in accordance with increasing time after synchronization. Additionally, or alternatively, a maximum or minimum guard time or guard time set may increase in accordance with increasing time after synchronization, as illustrated in Table 1 below.
[0094] TABLE 1
[0095] For example, a time after synchronization of 0–100 chips may be defined by table 1 to correspond to an increase in 1 chip for a guard time duration of Z = 1% (e.g., 1 %error after synchronization) . Additionally, or alternatively, a set of guard time durations may be defined, including 1 chip, 2 chips, 3 chips, and 4 chips, which may represent potential guard time durations for selection for 0–100 chips of time after synchronization, where 1 chip (middle column) may represent a minimum chip amount. Additionally, or alternatively, although chips may be illustrated in table 1, any other time interval or parameter may be defined relative to guard time durations. In another example, an ambiguity window with guard time durations, or ambiguity sets, may be defined as illustrated in Table 2 below, which may represent ambiguity windows including an access occasion added to a quantity of time intervals representing a guard time within the ambiguity window.
[0096] TABLE 2
[0097] In some cases, a data rate or chip duration, or maximum or minimum data rate or chip duration, may decrease with increasing time after synchronization. Further, a passive device backward link duration may decrease with increasing time after synchronization.
[0098] In some examples, any one of a frequency shift (e.g., backward link frequency) , a maximum or minimum frequency shift, or a maximum or minimum frequency guard band, may increase with increasing time after synchronization as illustrated in Table 3 below.
[0099] TABLE 3
[0100] For example, in Table 3, a time after synchronization of 0–100 chips may correspond to a frequency shift of 1RB or a set of potential frequency shifts of 1RB, 2RB, 4RB, 8RBs, where 1RB may be a minimum frequency shift. In some cases, by increasing a frequency shift with time after synchronization, greater frequency domain isolation may be achieved between signaling (e.g., between different access occasions) .
[0101] In some examples, forward link transmissions or signals (e.g., packets) may include one or more bits for indicating resources to one or more passive devices. For example, X bits in a forward link packet may indicate backward link resources for a passive device. In some cases, a different value of X bits may implicitly indicate different frequency shifts, backward link data rates, backward link chip durations, backward link guard time durations, backward link guard time value indexes or set index, among other parameters. For example, one or more forward link packets may configure a passive device so that a backward link transmission starts at a position 90 chips later, and with a backward link frequency shift is 0. Based on the 90 chips later start time for the backward link transmission, the passive device may implicitly determine to use a 1 RB frequency shift for a backward link frequency (e.g., based on a table at the tag, such as table 3) . Additionally, or alternatively, based on a 360 chips later start time, the passive device may use an 8 RB frequency shift. In some cases, if X bits indicates a set index, an extra Y bits in a forward link packet may further indicate which value in a corresponding set is used. Bits may also explicitly indicate one or more parameters, values, or indexes described herein, including frequency shifts, to one or more passive devices.
[0102] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow 600 that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 600 may implement or be implemented at or using one or more aspects of the wireless communications systems 100 and 200, or the timing diagrams 3A–5B. For example, the process flow 600 may be implemented by a reader device 205-b (e.g., a wireless communication device, such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105) , which may be in communication with one or more passive devices 210, including passive devices 210-d and 210-e, which may be examples of corresponding devices described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 5B. Although the process flow 600 is shown with two passive devices 210, the process flow 600 may be implemented by any quantity of passive devices 210.
[0103] In the following description of the process flow 600, the operations may be performed (such as reported or provided) in a different order than the order shown, or the operations performed by the example devices may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations also may be omitted from the process flow 600, or other operations may be added to the process flow 600. Further, although some operations or signaling may be shown to occur at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur at the same time or at least partially concurrently.
[0104] At 605, the reader device 205-b may optionally transmit a signal indicating a respective set of resources for each passive device 210 of the one or more passive devices 210 for a set of multiple access occasions and a set of multiple guard time durations. For example, the reader device 205-b may transmit the signal (or respective signals) to a single passive device, including the passive device 210-d, or the passive device 210-e. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 205-b may transmit the signal, or respective signals, to both the passive device 210-d and the passive device 210-e. In some examples, the respective set of resources may indicate one or more respective access occasions, one or more respective guard time durations defining boundaries between the one or more respective access occasions, or both, for each of the one or more passive devices 210. In some examples, a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, may successively increase from a beginning of a time domain window to an end of the time domain window.
[0105] In some examples, the set of multiple of guard time durations may be positioned within the set of multiple of access occasions, where each guard time duration may define a boundary including a beginning or an end of an access occasion of the set of multiple of access occasions. Additionally, or alternatively, the set of multiple of guard time durations may be positioned outside of the set of multiple of access occasions (e.g., when communicating with multiple passive devices 210) . For example, each guard time duration may define a boundary between a beginning or an end of one or more access occasions of the set of multiple of access occasions and the guard time duration.
[0106] In some examples, each access occasion may be identified based on increasing a respective time domain length by a first numerical quantity of first time intervals in accordance with a defined pattern at one or more defined times (e.g., by Y time intervals for each X time intervals, by a percentage of a time gap, based on a table) . In some cases, each access occasion may be identified, or determined, by a network, by a reader device such as the reader device 205-b, by a passive device 210, or any combination thereof. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions may be based on the respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices.
[0107] At 610, the reader device 205-b may optionally transmit one or more synchronization signals, where one or more respective access occasions, one or more respective guard time durations, or both, may be defined with respect to a timing of the one or more synchronization signals. In some examples, one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions may be based on a time gap between a respective synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals and an access occasion (e.g., a first access occasion, a second access occasion, a corresponding access occasion) of the one or more respective access occasions.
[0108] At 615, the reader device 205-b may transmit a signal, such as a response trigger signal, indicating the one or more passive devices 210 to respond to the reader device 205-b during the set of multiple of access occasions of the time domain window, where each of the one or more passive devices may be assigned one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple of access occasions, one or more respective guard time durations, or both, and the time domain window may include the set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple of access occasions. In some examples, the response trigger signal transmitted at 615 may be a synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals and may be transmitted before, after, or along with the other synchronization signals.
[0109] At 620, the reader device 205-b may optionally receive one or more cyclic prefixes, where the one or more respective access occasions, the one or more respective guard time durations, or both, may be defined with respect to a timing of the one or more cyclic prefixes. In some examples, the reader device 205-b may select resources to remove (e.g., pick out resources) for the cyclic prefixes before transmitting the resource signal, or the one or more passive devices 210 may select resources to remove based on cyclic prefixes associated with other passive devices 210.
[0110] In some examples, the reader device 205-b may receive, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices 210, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device. For example, the one or more passive devices 210 may include a set of multiple of passive devices, where each response signal may be received within a respective access occasion of the set of multiple of access occasions associated with a respective passive device of the set of multiple of passive devices. For example, the reader device 205-b may receive a response from the passive device 210-d at 625 during a respective access occasion, and a response from the passive device 210 at 630 during a next access occasion. In some cases, the one or more passive devices may include a single passive device (e.g., a first passive device) , where each response signal may be received within a respective access occasion of the set of multiple of access occasions associated with the single passive device. For example, the reader device 205-b may receive a response from the passive device 210 at 625 during a respective access occasion of the passive device 210, and may receive another response from the passive device 210 during a later access occasion at 630.
[0111] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115, or a reader device 205 (e.g., a wireless communication device functioning as a reader, such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105) as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0112] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to communication timing for passive devices) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0113] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to communication timing for passive devices) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0114] The communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of communication timing for passive devices as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0115] In some examples, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0116] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0117] In some examples, the communications manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0118] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a set of multiple access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions, where the time domain window includes a set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, where a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.
[0119] By including or configuring the communications manager 720 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient utilization of communication resources by enabling additional rules, signals, or definitions for access occasions, guard time durations, and ambiguity windows in passive device communications.
[0120] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a device 705 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805, or one or more components of the device 805 (e.g., the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, the communications manager 820) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0121] The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to communication timing for passive devices) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0122] The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to communication timing for passive devices) . In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0123] The device 805, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of communication timing for passive devices as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include an response trigger signal component 825 a response signal component 830, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0124] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The response trigger signal component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a set of multiple access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions, where the time domain window includes a set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions. The response signal component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, where a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.
[0125] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a communications manager 920 that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720, a communications manager 820, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of communication timing for passive devices as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include an response trigger signal component 925, a response signal component 930, a resource signal component 935, a synchronization signal component 940, a cyclic prefix component 945, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0126] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The response trigger signal component 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a set of multiple access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions, where the time domain window includes a set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions. The response signal component 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, where a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.
[0127] In some examples, the resource signal component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a second signal indicating a respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices, the respective set of resources indicating the one or more respective access occasions, one or more respective guard time durations defining boundaries between the one or more respective access occasions, or both.
[0128] In some examples, the synchronization signal component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting one or more synchronization signals, where the one or more respective access occasions, the one or more respective guard time durations, or both, are defined with respect to a timing of the one or more synchronization signals.
[0129] In some examples, the signal includes a synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals.
[0130] In some examples, one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions are based at a least in part on a time gap between a respective synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals and a first access occasion of the one or more respective access occasions.
[0131] In some examples, one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions are based at a least in part on the respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices.
[0132] In some examples, the cyclic prefix component 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving one or more cyclic prefixes, where the one or more respective access occasions, the one or more respective guard time durations, or both, are defined with respect to a timing of the one or more cyclic prefixes.
[0133] In some examples, the set of multiple guard time durations are positioned outside of the set of multiple access occasions. In some examples, each guard time duration defines a boundary between a beginning or an end of one or more access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions and the guard time duration.
[0134] In some examples, the one or more passive devices include a set of multiple passive devices. In some examples, each response signal is received within a respective access occasion of the set of multiple access occasions associated with a respective passive device of the set of multiple passive devices.
[0135] In some examples, the set of multiple guard time durations are positioned within the set of multiple access occasions. In some examples, each guard time duration defines a boundary including a beginning or an end of an access occasion of the set of multiple access occasions.
[0136] In some examples, the one or more passive devices include a first passive device. In some examples, each response signal is received within a respective access occasion of the set of multiple access occasions associated with the first passive device.
[0137] In some examples, each access occasion is identified based on increasing the respective time domain length by a first numerical quantity of first time intervals in accordance with a defined pattern at one or more defined times.
[0138] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of or include components of a device 705, a device 805, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1005 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 1005 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, and at least one processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1045) .
[0139] The I / O controller 1010 may manage input and output signals for the device 1005. The I / O controller 1010 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1005. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1010.
[0140] In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 1025 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015, or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be an example of a transmitter 715, a transmitter 815, a receiver 710, a receiver 810, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0141] The at least one memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1035. The code 1035 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1040 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1030 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0142] The at least one processor 1040 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1040. The at least one processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1030) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting communication timing for passive devices) . For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1040, the at least one processor 1040 and the at least one memory 1030 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0143] In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1030 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1040) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1030) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1040 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1005 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 1035 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 1030 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0144] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a set of multiple access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions, where the time domain window includes a set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, where a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.
[0145] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, and improved utilization of processing capability by enabling additional rules, signals, or definitions for access occasions, guard time durations, and ambiguity windows in passive device communications.
[0146] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1015, the one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1020 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1040, the at least one memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of communication timing for passive devices as described herein, or the at least one processor 1040 and the at least one memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0147] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0148] At 1105, the method may include transmitting a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a set of multiple access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions, where the time domain window includes a set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by an response trigger signal component 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0149] At 1110, the method may include receiving, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, where a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a response signal component 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0150] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports communication timing for passive devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0151] At 1205, the method may include transmitting a second signal indicating a respective set of resources for each passive device of one or more passive devices, the respective set of resources indicating one or more respective access occasions, one or more respective guard time durations defining boundaries between the one or more respective access occasions, or both. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a resource signal component 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0152] At 1210, the method may include transmitting a signal indicating the one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a set of multiple access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned the one or more respective access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions, where the time domain window includes a set of multiple guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the set of multiple access occasions. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by an response trigger signal component 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0153] At 1215, the method may include receiving, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, where a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window. The operations of 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a response signal component 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0154] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0155] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a wireless communication device, comprising: transmitting a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a plurality of access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the plurality of access occasions, wherein the time domain window comprises a plurality of guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the plurality of access occasions; and receiving, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, wherein a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.
[0156] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: transmitting a second signal indicating a respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices, the respective set of resources indicating the one or more respective access occasions, one or more respective guard time durations defining boundaries between the one or more respective access occasions, or both.
[0157] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, further comprising: transmitting one or more synchronization signals, wherein the one or more respective access occasions, the one or more respective guard time durations, or both, are defined with respect to a timing of the one or more synchronization signals.
[0158] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein the signal comprises a synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals.
[0159] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 3 through 4, wherein one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions are based at a least in part on a time gap between a respective synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals and a first access occasion of the one or more respective access occasions.
[0160] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 2 through 5, wherein one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions are based at a least in part on the respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices.
[0161] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 2 through 6, further comprising: receiving one or more cyclic prefixes, wherein the one or more respective access occasions, the one or more respective guard time durations, or both, are defined with respect to a timing of the one or more cyclic prefixes.
[0162] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein the plurality of guard time durations are positioned outside of the plurality of access occasions, wherein each guard time duration defines a boundary between a beginning or an end of one or more access occasions of the plurality of access occasions and the guard time duration.
[0163] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein the one or more passive devices comprise a plurality of passive devices, wherein each response signal is received within a respective access occasion of the plurality of access occasions associated with a respective passive device of the plurality of passive devices.
[0164] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein the plurality of guard time durations are positioned within the plurality of access occasions, wherein each guard time duration defines a boundary comprising a beginning or an end of an access occasion of the plurality of access occasions.
[0165] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10, wherein the one or more passive devices comprise a first passive device, each response signal is received within a respective access occasion of the plurality of access occasions associated with the first passive device.
[0166] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein each access occasion is identified based at least in part on increasing the respective time domain length by a first numerical quantity of first time intervals in accordance with a defined pattern at one or more defined times.
[0167] Aspect 13: A wireless communication device for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless communication device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0168] Aspect 14: A wireless communication device for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0169] Aspect 15: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0170] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0171] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0172] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0173] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0174] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0175] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0176] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0177] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “acomponent” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0178] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0179] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0180] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0181] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A wireless communication device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless communication device to:transmit a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a plurality of access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the plurality of access occasions, wherein the time domain window comprises a plurality of guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the plurality of access occasions; andreceive, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, wherein a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.2.The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless communication device to:transmit a second signal indicating a respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices, the respective set of resources indicating the one or more respective access occasions, one or more respective guard time durations defining boundaries between the one or more respective access occasions, or both.3.The wireless communication device of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless communication device to:transmit one or more synchronization signals, wherein the one or more respective access occasions, the one or more respective guard time durations, or both, are defined with respect to a timing of the one or more synchronization signals.4.The wireless communication device of claim 3, wherein the signal comprises a synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals.5.The wireless communication device of claim 3, wherein one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions are based at a least in part on a time gap between a respective synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals and a first access occasion of the one or more respective access occasions.6.The wireless communication device of claim 2, wherein one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions are based at a least in part on the respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices.7.The wireless communication device of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless communication device to:receive one or more cyclic prefixes, wherein the one or more respective access occasions, the one or more respective guard time durations, or both, are defined with respect to a timing of the one or more cyclic prefixes.8.The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein:the plurality of guard time durations are positioned outside of the plurality of access occasions, andeach guard time duration defines a boundary between a beginning or an end of one or more access occasions of the plurality of access occasions and the guard time duration.9.The wireless communication device of claim 8, wherein:the one or more passive devices comprise a plurality of passive devices, andeach response signal is received within a respective access occasion of the plurality of access occasions associated with a respective passive device of the plurality of passive devices.10.The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein:the plurality of guard time durations are positioned within the plurality of access occasions, andeach guard time duration defines a boundary comprising a beginning or an end of an access occasion of the plurality of access occasions.11.The wireless communication device of claim 10, wherein:the one or more passive devices comprise a first passive device, andeach response signal is received within a respective access occasion of the plurality of access occasions associated with the first passive device.12.The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein each access occasion is identified based at least in part on increasing the respective time domain length by a first numerical quantity of first time intervals in accordance with a defined pattern at one or more defined times.13.A method for wireless communication at a wireless communication device, comprising:transmitting a signal indicating one or more passive devices to respond to the wireless communication device during a plurality of access occasions of a time domain window, each of the one or more passive devices being assigned one or more respective access occasions of the plurality of access occasions, wherein the time domain window comprises a plurality of guard time durations defining boundaries between consecutive access occasions of the plurality of access occasions; andreceiving, from each passive device of the one or more passive devices, a response signal in the one or more respective access occasions associated with that passive device, wherein a respective time domain length of each guard time duration, a respective time domain length of each access occasion, or both, successively increases from a beginning of the time domain window to an end of the time domain window.14.The method of claim 13, further comprising:transmitting a second signal indicating a respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices, the respective set of resources indicating the one or more respective access occasions, one or more respective guard time durations defining boundaries between the one or more respective access occasions, or both.15.The method of claim 14, further comprising:transmitting one or more synchronization signals, wherein the one or more respective access occasions, the one or more respective guard time durations, or both, are defined with respect to a timing of the one or more synchronization signals.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the signal comprises a synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals.17.The method of claim 15, wherein one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions are based at a least in part on a time gap between a respective synchronization signal of the one or more synchronization signals and a first access occasion of the one or more respective access occasions.18.The method of claim 14, wherein one or more respective frequency shifts associated with the one or more respective access occasions are based at a least in part on the respective set of resources for each passive device of the one or more passive devices.19.The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of guard time durations are positioned outside of the plurality of access occasions, wherein each guard time duration defines a boundary between a beginning or an end of one or more access occasions of the plurality of access occasions and the guard time duration.20.The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of guard time durations are positioned within the plurality of access occasions, wherein each guard time duration defines a boundary comprising a beginning or an end of an access occasion of the plurality of access occasions.
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