Communication method, apparatus and system

Abstract

A communication method, apparatus and system, applied to a satellite system. The method comprises: receiving first information from a cloud or network device, the first information being used for indicating a first pattern of an antenna or a second pattern of the antenna; and communicating with a non-terrestrial communication apparatus on the basis of the first pattern or the second pattern, wherein the first pattern is determined on the basis of a global coordinate system (GCS) where the antenna is located, the second pattern is determined on the basis of a local coordinate system (LCS) where the antenna is located, and the first pattern is obtained by performing coordinate system transformation on the second pattern on the basis of first attitude information. The solution can improve the transmission performance between a terminal and a non-terrestrial communication apparatus.

Description

Communication methods, devices and systems

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410925123.X, filed on July 10, 2024, entitled "Communication Method, Apparatus and System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a communication method, apparatus, and system. Background Technology

[0003] Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) include nodes such as satellite networks, high-altitude platforms, and drones. They have significant advantages such as global coverage, long-distance transmission, flexible networking, convenient deployment, and no geographical limitations. They have been widely used in fields such as maritime communication, positioning and navigation, disaster relief, scientific experiments, video broadcasting, and Earth observation.

[0004] In an NTN system, satellite base stations (which can be understood as base stations deployed on satellites) can communicate with core network equipment through ground stations, and they can also communicate with terminals via air interface. For example, terminals can connect directly to the satellite to answer or make calls, send and receive text messages, pictures, or location information. However, due to limitations in terminal antenna performance, the antenna's radiation pattern coverage angle is insufficient, which may affect the performance of the terminal's satellite communication technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a communication method, apparatus, and system to improve the transmission performance between a terminal and a non-terrestrial communication device.

[0006] Firstly, a communication method is provided. This method can be executed by a first device. Unless otherwise specified, the first device in this application can refer to a communication device (e.g., a terminal), a component in the communication device (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the communication device.

[0007] The method includes: receiving first information from a cloud or network device, the first information indicating a first radiation pattern or a second radiation pattern of an antenna, wherein the first radiation pattern is determined according to the global coordinate system (GCS) where the antenna is located, the second radiation pattern is determined according to the local coordinate system (LCS) where the antenna is located, and the first radiation pattern is obtained by coordinate system transformation based on the first attitude information; and communicating with a non-terrestrial communication device according to the first radiation pattern or the second radiation pattern.

[0008] Based on the above scheme, the terminal can determine the first radiation pattern or the second radiation pattern of the terminal antenna by receiving the first information from the cloud or network device. In other words, by receiving the first information, the radiation pattern based on the LCS coordinate system or the radiation pattern based on the GCS coordinate system can be determined. Then, based on the determined first radiation pattern or second radiation pattern, the terminal can obtain the angle for communication between the terminal and the non-terrestrial communication device, realize rapid satellite search, and improve the transmission performance between the terminal and the non-terrestrial communication device.

[0009] In some implementations of the first aspect, the first information is determined based on the terminal's capability information.

[0010] In other words, cloud or network devices can determine this first piece of information based on the terminal's capabilities.

[0011] In some implementations of the first aspect, before receiving the first information from the cloud or network device, the method further includes: sending second information to the cloud or network device, the second information indicating at least one of the terminal's supported computing power, storage power, or download power, the second information being terminal capability information.

[0012] As an example, a terminal reports its computing power to the cloud or network device. At this time, the cloud or network device can determine whether the terminal supports a first orientation graph and / or a second orientation graph based on its computing power. For example, if the terminal's computing power is greater than or equal to a computing power threshold, it indicates that the terminal supports the first orientation graph; optionally, it may also support the second orientation graph. In this case, the cloud or network device determines either the first orientation graph or both. If the terminal's computing power is less than the computing power threshold, it indicates that the terminal supports the second orientation graph; in this case, the cloud or network device determines the second orientation graph.

[0013] As another example, the terminal reports its storage capacity to the cloud or network device. At this time, the cloud or network device can determine whether the terminal supports a first orientation graph and / or a second orientation graph based on its storage capacity. For example, if the terminal's storage capacity is greater than or equal to a storage capacity threshold, it indicates that the terminal supports the first orientation graph; optionally, it may also support the second orientation graph. In this case, the cloud or network device determines either the first orientation graph or both. If the terminal's storage capacity is less than the storage capacity threshold, it indicates that the terminal supports the second orientation graph, and in this case, the cloud or network device determines the second orientation graph.

[0014] As another example, the terminal reports its download capabilities to the cloud or network device, indicating whether the terminal supports downloading a first directional map based on GCS, and / or whether it supports downloading a second directional map based on LCS. For instance, if the download capability indicates that the terminal supports downloading a first directional map based on GCS, the cloud or network device can determine the first directional map, and / or, if the download capability indicates that the terminal supports downloading a first directional map based on LCS, the cloud or network device can determine the second directional map.

[0015] Based on the above scheme, by reporting the terminal's capability information, the terminal can store the first or second directional map in advance, which facilitates the reduction of latency and the improvement of transmission performance between the terminal and the non-terrestrial communication device during subsequent communication.

[0016] In some implementations of the first aspect, before receiving the first information from the cloud or network device, the method further includes: sending third information to the cloud or network device, the third information being used to request the first or second orientation map.

[0017] In other words, before the cloud or network device determines the first information, the terminal can send a request for a first or second directional pattern to the cloud or network device. Based on this third information, the cloud or network device can determine whether the directional pattern requested by the terminal is based on the LCS coordinate system or the GCS coordinate system.

[0018] In some implementations of the first aspect, the third information includes first attitude information, which corresponds to a first orientation pattern or a second orientation pattern.

[0019] In other words, based on the first attitude information carried in the received third information, the cloud or network device can determine the first or second orientation pattern that the terminal expects to obtain by combining the correspondence between the first attitude information and the first or second orientation pattern.

[0020] In some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes sending fourth information to a cloud or network device, the fourth information being used to indicate a second radiation pattern of the antenna.

[0021] For example, the fourth information includes information about the second orientation pattern and / or a first index, wherein the first index corresponds to the second orientation pattern.

[0022] In other words, after receiving the fourth information from the terminal, the cloud or network device can determine the second direction map based on the information of the second direction map and / or the first index carried in the fourth information, and then determine that the direction map requested by the terminal is the direction map in the GCS coordinate system, i.e., the first direction map.

[0023] In some implementations of the first aspect, before receiving the first information from the cloud or network device, the method further includes: receiving fifth information from the cloud or network device, the fifth information being used to indicate that the terminal is permitted to acquire the first or second orientation map.

[0024] In some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: obtaining a first mapping relationship, the first mapping relationship being used to indicate the mapping relationship between multiple radiation patterns and multiple attitude information, wherein the multiple radiation patterns correspond one-to-one with the multiple attitude information, the multiple radiation patterns include the first radiation pattern, the multiple attitude information includes the first attitude information, and the multiple radiation patterns are determined according to the GCS where the antenna is located.

[0025] Understandably, multiple radiation patterns are determined based on the GCS (Geometry Controller System) where the antenna is located. That is, these multiple radiation patterns are radiation patterns based on the GCS coordinate system, which can be viewed as obtaining a second radiation pattern by performing coordinate transformations based on multiple attitude information (e.g., multiple rotation angles α, β, γ). Therefore, a second radiation pattern can correspond to multiple attitude information and multiple radiation patterns in the GCS coordinate system (which can be called GCS radiation patterns). In other words, the LCS radiation pattern is independent of attitude information, while the GCS radiation pattern is related to attitude information, and each GCS radiation pattern is associated with one piece of attitude information.

[0026] In some implementations of the first aspect, the first direction graph is represented in the following format:

[0027] Where, θ GCS This represents the pitch angle (Angle of Arrival, AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal under the GCS. G represents the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal, azimuth angle under the ground control system (GCS). R This represents the gain value corresponding to the pitch and azimuth angles.

[0028] Secondly, a communication method is provided. This method can be executed by a second device. Unless otherwise specified, the second device in this application can refer to a communication device (e.g., a cloud or network device), a component in the communication device (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the communication device.

[0029] The method includes: determining first information, the first information being used to indicate a first radiation pattern of the antenna or a second radiation pattern of the antenna, wherein the first radiation pattern is determined according to the global coordinate system (GCS) where the antenna is located, the second radiation pattern is determined according to the local coordinate system (LCS) where the antenna is located, and the first radiation pattern is obtained by coordinate system transformation of the second radiation pattern based on the first attitude information; and sending the first information to the terminal.

[0030] Based on the above scheme, by determining and sending the first information from the cloud or network device, the terminal can determine the first radiation pattern or the second radiation pattern of the antenna. In other words, by sending the first information, the terminal can determine the radiation pattern based on the LCS coordinate system or the radiation pattern based on the GCS coordinate system. Based on the determined first or second radiation pattern, the terminal can obtain the angle for communication between the terminal and the non-terrestrial communication device, realize rapid satellite search, and improve the transmission performance of the non-terrestrial communication network.

[0031] In some implementations of the second aspect, the first information is determined based on the terminal's capability information.

[0032] In some implementations of the second aspect, determining the first information includes: receiving second information from the terminal, the second information indicating at least one of the terminal's supported computing capabilities, storage capabilities, or download capabilities, the second information being terminal capability information; and determining the first information based on the terminal's capability information.

[0033] In some implementations of the second aspect, determining the first information includes: receiving third information from the terminal, the third information being used to request a first or second direction map; and determining the first information based on the third information.

[0034] In some implementations of the second aspect, the third information includes first attitude information, which corresponds to a first orientation pattern or a second orientation pattern.

[0035] In some implementations of the second aspect, the method further includes receiving fourth information from the terminal, the fourth information being used to indicate a second radiation pattern of the antenna.

[0036] In some implementations of the second aspect, the fourth information includes information about the second orientation pattern and / or a first index, wherein the first index corresponds to the second orientation pattern.

[0037] In some implementations of the second aspect, before receiving the first information, or before receiving the first attitude information, the method further includes: sending fifth information to the terminal, the fifth information being used to indicate that the terminal is allowed to acquire the first orientation pattern or the second orientation pattern.

[0038] In some implementations of the second aspect, the method further includes: sending a first mapping relationship to the terminal, the first mapping relationship being used to indicate the mapping relationship between multiple radiation patterns and multiple attitude information, wherein the multiple radiation patterns correspond one-to-one with the multiple attitude information, the multiple radiation patterns include the first radiation pattern, the multiple attitude information includes the first attitude information, and the multiple radiation patterns are determined according to the GCS where the antenna is located.

[0039] In some implementations of the second aspect, the first direction graph is represented in the following format:

[0040] Where, θ GCS This represents the pitch angle of the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal under the GCS. G represents the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal, azimuth angle under the ground control system (GCS). R This represents the gain value corresponding to the pitch and azimuth angles.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the second aspect and some implementations thereof can be referred to the relevant descriptions in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0042] Thirdly, a communication method is provided. This method can be applied to a first device and a second device. For example, the first device is a terminal, and the second device is a cloud or network device.

[0043] The method includes: a cloud or network device determining first information, the first information being used to indicate a first radiation pattern or a second radiation pattern of an antenna, wherein the first radiation pattern is determined according to the global coordinate system (GCS) where the antenna is located, and the second radiation pattern is determined according to the local coordinate system (LCS) where the antenna is located, and the first radiation pattern is obtained by coordinate system transformation of the second radiation pattern based on the first attitude information; the cloud or network device sending the first information to a terminal, and the terminal receiving the first information from the cloud or network device; and the terminal communicating with a non-terrestrial communication device according to the first radiation pattern or the second radiation pattern.

[0044] In some implementations of the third aspect, the first information is determined based on the terminal's capability information.

[0045] In some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes: the terminal sending second information to the cloud or network device, the second information indicating at least one of the terminal's supported computing power, storage power, or download power, the second information being the terminal's capability information; the cloud or network device determining the first information based on the terminal's capability information.

[0046] In some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes: the terminal sending third information to the cloud or network device, the third information being used to request a first or second direction map; the cloud or network device determining the first information based on the third information.

[0047] In some implementations of the third aspect, the third information includes first attitude information, which corresponds to a first orientation pattern or a second orientation pattern.

[0048] In some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes: the terminal sending fourth information to a cloud or network device, the fourth information indicating a second radiation pattern of the antenna. Further, the cloud or network device can determine the second radiation pattern based on the fourth information.

[0049] In some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes: fourth information including information of the second direction graph and / or a first index, wherein the first index corresponds to the second direction graph.

[0050] In some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes: a cloud or network device sending a fifth message to the terminal, and correspondingly, the terminal receiving the fifth message from the cloud or network device, the fifth message being used to indicate that the terminal is allowed to obtain a first or second orientation map.

[0051] In some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes: the terminal obtaining a first mapping relationship, the first mapping relationship being used to indicate the mapping relationship between multiple radiation patterns and multiple attitude information, wherein the multiple radiation patterns correspond one-to-one with the multiple attitude information, the multiple radiation patterns include the first radiation pattern, the multiple attitude information includes the first attitude information, and the multiple radiation patterns are determined according to the GCS where the antenna is located.

[0052] As an example, the terminal obtains the first mapping relationship, including: the cloud or network device sending the first mapping relationship to the terminal, and correspondingly, the terminal receiving the first mapping relationship from the cloud or network device.

[0053] In some implementations of the third aspect, the first direction graph is represented in the following format:

[0054] Where, θ GCS This represents the pitch angle of the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal under the GCS. G represents the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal, azimuth angle under the ground control system (GCS). R This represents the gain value corresponding to the pitch and azimuth angles.

[0055] In some implementations of the third aspect, the second direction graph is represented in the following format:

[0056] Where, θ LCS The angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal is represented by the pitch angle under the LCS. G represents the azimuth angle of the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal under the LCS. R This represents the gain value corresponding to the pitch and azimuth angles, in dBi.

[0057] The beneficial effects of the third aspect and some implementations thereof can be referred to the relevant descriptions of the first or second aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0058] Fourthly, a communication device is provided, which has the functions of the first aspect above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units or means corresponding to the operations involved in the first aspect above. The modules, units or means can be implemented by software, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.

[0059] For example, the communication device may be the first device described above, such as a module or unit (e.g., a chip, a chip system, or a circuit) that corresponds to the method, operation, step, or action described in the first aspect above.

[0060] In one possible implementation, the communication device includes a transceiver unit (or communication module) and a processing unit (or processing module) connected to the transceiver unit.

[0061] For example, the transceiver unit is configured to: receive first information from a cloud or network device, the first information indicating a first radiation pattern or a second radiation pattern of the antenna, wherein the first radiation pattern is determined according to the global coordinate system (GCS) where the antenna is located, the second radiation pattern is determined according to the local coordinate system (LCS) where the antenna is located, and the first radiation pattern is obtained by coordinate system transformation of the second radiation pattern based on the first attitude information; and communicate with a non-terrestrial communication device according to the first radiation pattern or the second radiation pattern.

[0062] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, which has the functions of the second aspect above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units or means corresponding to the operations involved in the second aspect above. The modules, units or means can be implemented by software, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.

[0063] For example, the communication device may be the second device described above, such as a module or unit (e.g., a chip, a chip system, or a circuit) that corresponds to one-to-one execution of the methods, operations, steps, or actions described in the second aspect above.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the communication device includes a transceiver unit (or communication module) and a processing unit (or processing module) connected to the transceiver unit.

[0065] For example, the processing unit is used to determine first information, which is used to indicate a first radiation pattern of the antenna or a second radiation pattern of the antenna, wherein the first radiation pattern is determined according to the global coordinate system (GCS) where the antenna is located, and the second radiation pattern is determined according to the local coordinate system (LCS) where the antenna is located, and the first radiation pattern is obtained by coordinate system transformation of the second radiation pattern based on the first attitude information; the transceiver unit is used to send the first information to the terminal.

[0066] Sixthly, a communication device is provided. The communication device may be either the first or second device described above. The communication device includes a transceiver, a processor, and a memory. The processor controls the transceiver to transmit and receive signals, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor retrieves and runs the computer program from the memory, causing the communication device to perform the method in any possible implementation of either the first or second aspect described above.

[0067] Optionally, there may be one or more processors and one or more memories.

[0068] Alternatively, the memory can be integrated with the processor, or the memory can be set up separately from the processor.

[0069] Optionally, the communication device may also include a transmitter and a receiver.

[0070] A seventh aspect provides a communication device comprising one or more processors configured to execute a computer program or instructions, which, when executed, cause the communication device to implement the methods in any possible design or implementation of the first or second aspect described above. Optionally, the communication device further comprises a memory configured to store part or all of the computer program or instructions implementing the functions involved in the first or second aspect described above.

[0071] In one possible design, the communication device may further include an interface circuit, wherein the processor is used to communicate with other devices or components through the interface circuit.

[0072] The aforementioned communication device may be a terminal, or a communication module in a terminal, or a chip in a terminal that is responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip), or a system-on-chip (SoC) chip or a system-in-a-package (SIP) chip that includes a modem module.

[0073] The aforementioned communication device may be a cloud or network device, or a communication module in a cloud or network device, or a circuit or chip in a cloud or network device that is responsible for communication functions, or a functional module in a cloud or network device that can call and execute programs.

[0074] Eighthly, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first device and / or a second device, wherein the first device is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the second device is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0075] For example, the first device may be a terminal, or a chip or circuit in the terminal, or a functional module in the terminal capable of calling and executing a program; or, the second device may be a cloud or network device, or a chip or circuit in the cloud or network device, or a central unit (CU) or distributed unit (DU) in the cloud or network device, or a functional module in the cloud or network device capable of calling and executing a program.

[0076] A ninth aspect provides a computer-readable storage medium. This computer-readable storage medium stores computer program code or instructions to cause the method in any of the possible implementations of the first or second aspect to be executed, for example, when a computer reads and executes the computer program code or instructions, causing the method in any of the possible implementations of the first or second aspect to be implemented.

[0077] A tenth aspect provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes computer program code or instructions to cause the method in any possible implementation of the first or second aspect to be implemented. For example, when a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the method in any possible implementation of the first or second aspect is implemented.

[0078] Eleventhly, a chip or chip system is provided, including at least one processing circuit for running a computer program, causing the chip to perform the methods of the first or second aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0079] The chip may include an output circuit or interface for transmitting information or data, and an input circuit or interface for receiving information or data.

[0080] In a twelfth aspect, a computer program is provided. When the computer program is run, it causes the method in any of the possible implementations of the first or second aspect to be implemented.

[0081] The beneficial effects of the fourth to twelfth aspects mentioned above can be referred to the first or second aspects mentioned above and any possible implementation methods, which will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0082] Figures 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of a communication system applicable to this application;

[0083] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of attitude information provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the rotation process between LCS and GCS;

[0086] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the coordinate transformation between the radiation pattern under LCS and the radiation pattern under GCS provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0087] Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0088] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0089] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0090] Figure 10 is a schematic block diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0091] Figure 11 is a schematic block diagram of a chip system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0092] Figure 12 is a schematic block diagram of another chip system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0093] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0094] Before introducing the scheme of this application, the following points should be noted.

[0095] (1) In this application, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terms and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0096] (2) In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the textual description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can mean: a, or, b, or, c, or, a and b, or, a and c, or, b and c, or, a, b, and c. Where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0097] (3) In this application, the terms "first," "second," and various numerical designations are used for convenience of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. For example, they are used to distinguish different messages, rather than to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such descriptions can be interchanged where appropriate to describe solutions other than those in the embodiments of this application.

[0098] (4) In this application, “instruction” or “for instruction” can include both direct instruction and indirect instruction. When describing an instruction as being used to instruct A, it can include whether the instruction directly instructs A or indirectly instructs A, but does not necessarily mean that the instruction carries A.

[0099] The indication methods involved in the embodiments of this application should be understood to cover various methods that enable the party to be indicated to obtain the information to be indicated. The information to be indicated can be sent as a whole or divided into multiple sub-information and sent separately. Moreover, the sending period and / or sending time of these sub-information can be the same or different. This application does not limit the sending method, for example.

[0100] The "instruction information" in the embodiments of this application can be an explicit instruction, that is, a direct instruction through signaling, or an instruction obtained by combining other rules or parameters with the parameters indicated by the signaling, or by deduction. It can also be an implicit instruction, that is, an instruction obtained based on rules or relationships, or based on other parameters, or by deduction. This application does not specifically limit it in this regard.

[0101] (5) In this application, "protocol" can refer to a standard protocol in the field of communications, such as the 5th generation (5G) protocol, the new radio (NR) protocol, and related protocols applied to future communication systems. This application does not limit the term "protocol". "Predefined" can include predefined terms, such as protocol definitions. "Preconfiguration" can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device. This application does not limit the implementation method of this feature.

[0102] (6) In this application, “message”, “information”, “signal” or “information element (IE)” can be used interchangeably. There are no restrictions on the name of the message or information, as long as it can achieve the corresponding function.

[0103] "Sending information to XX (device)" can be understood as the destination of the information being that device. This can include sending information to that device directly or indirectly. "Receiving information from XX (device), or receiving information from XX (device)" can be understood as the source of the information being that device. This can include receiving information from that device directly or indirectly. Information may undergo necessary processing between the source and destination, such as format changes, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in this application can be interpreted similarly, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0104] "Communication" can also be described as data transmission, information transmission, data processing, etc. "Transmission" includes sending and receiving. "Transmission" can also be described as output. "Sending" can also be understood as the output of a chip interface, and "receiving" can be understood as the input of a chip interface. In other words, "sending" or "receiving" can occur between devices, for example, network devices and terminal devices sending or receiving data via an air interface. "Sending" or "receiving" can also occur within a device, for example, sending or receiving data between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within a device via a bus, wiring, or interface.

[0105] For example, "sending information" can be understood as one device sending information to another device, or it can also be understood as one logical module within a device sending information to another logical module. For instance, "a network device sending information" can be understood as a network device sending information to another device (such as a terminal), or it can be understood as logical module 1 within the network device sending information to logical module 2 within the network device. Similarly, "receiving information" can be understood as one device receiving information from another device, or it can also be understood as one logical module within a device receiving information from another logical module. For instance, "a network device receiving information" can be understood as a network device receiving information from another device (such as a terminal), or it can be understood as logical module 1 within the network device receiving information from logical module 2 within the network device.

[0106] (7) In this application, the words “exemplary,” “for example,” etc., are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as an “example” in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word “example” is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. In the embodiments of this application, “of,” “corresponding, relevant,” “corresponding,” and “associate” may sometimes be used interchangeably, and it should be noted that their intended meanings are consistent unless their distinctions are emphasized.

[0107] (8) In this application, when comparing A and B, the description "when A is greater than or equal to B, execute method A; when A is less than or equal to B, execute method B" can be implemented in a specific way such as "when A is greater than or equal to B, execute method A; or when A is less than B, execute method B" or "when A is greater than B, execute method A; or when A is less than or equal to B, execute method B". This application does not limit this. For ease of description, the implementation methods provided in this application are all illustrated using "when A is greater than or equal to B, execute method A; or when A is less than B, execute method B" as an example.

[0108] (9) In this application, the configuration can be signaling configuration, such as radio resource control (RRC) messages, downlink control information (DCI), or system information blocks (SIBs). Optionally, the signaling configuration can be pre-configured signaling configuration given to the terminal device, or configured to the terminal device through pre-configuration. Here, pre-configuration means defining or configuring the values ​​of corresponding parameters in advance in a protocol manner, and storing them in the terminal device during communication. The pre-configured messages can be modified or updated when the terminal device is connected to the network.

[0109] The following describes the communication system to which this application applies.

[0110] The technical solutions of this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as 5G or NR systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, and LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems. The technical solutions of this application can also be applied to device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), and Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems or other communication systems. The technical solutions of this application can also be applied to non-terrestrial network (NTN) systems such as inter-satellite communication and satellite communication. As an example, a satellite communication system includes a satellite base station and terminal equipment. The satellite base station provides communication services to the terminal equipment. The satellite base station can also communicate with ground base stations. The satellite can act as a base station or as a terminal equipment. Among them, satellites can refer to drones, hot air balloons, low-orbit satellites, medium-orbit satellites, high-orbit satellites, etc., or non-ground base stations or non-ground equipment, etc.

[0111] In a communication system, a device can send signals to or receive signals from another device. These signals can include information, signaling, or data. The device can also be replaced by an entity, network entity, network element, communication equipment, communication module, node, communication node, etc.; this application uses a device as an example for description. For instance, a communication system can include at least one terminal device and at least one network device. The network device can send downlink signals to the terminal device, and / or the terminal device can send uplink signals to the network device.

[0112] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 10 includes a radio access network (RAN) 100 and a core network (CN) 200. RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (110a and 110b in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 110) and at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 120). RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 1). Terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to RAN node 110. RAN node 110 is wirelessly or wired connected to core network 200. The core network devices in core network 200 and RAN node 110 in RAN 100 can be different physical devices, or they can be the same physical device integrating core network logical functions and radio access network logical functions.

[0113] RAN 100 can be a cellular system related to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as a 4G mobile communication system, a 5G mobile communication system, or a future-oriented evolution system. RAN 100 can also be an open access network (O-RAN or ORAN), a cloud radio access network (CRAN), or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system. RAN 100 can also be a communication system that integrates two or more of the above systems.

[0114] RAN node 110, sometimes also referred to as access network equipment, RAN entity, or access node, constitutes part of the communication system and is used to help terminals achieve wireless access. Multiple RAN nodes 110 in communication system 10 can be of the same type or different types. In some scenarios, the roles of RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are relative. For example, network element 120i in Figure 1 can be a helicopter or drone, which can be configured as a mobile base station. For terminals 120j accessing RAN 100 through network element 120i, network element 120i is a base station; but for base station 110a, network element 120i is a terminal. RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are sometimes both referred to as communication devices. For example, network elements 110a and 110b in Figure 1 can be understood as communication devices with base station functions, and network elements 120a-120j can be understood as communication devices with terminal functions.

[0115] In one possible scenario, a RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a WiFi system. A RAN node can be a macro base station (as shown in Figure 1, 110a), a micro base station or indoor station (as shown in Figure 1, 110b), a relay node or donor node, or a radio controller in a CRAN scenario. Optionally, a RAN node can also be a server, wearable device, vehicle, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU).

[0116] In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, with different RAN nodes each implementing some of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be CUs, DUs, CUs (control plane, CP), CUs (user plane, UP), or radio units (RUs). CUs and DUs can be set up separately or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs).

[0117] In different systems, CU (including open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) and open CU-UP (O-CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called an open central unit (O-CU), DU can also be called an open distributed unit (O-DU), CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0118] Terminal 120 can be a device or module that accesses the aforementioned communication system and has corresponding communication functions. A terminal can also be referred to as user equipment (UE), terminal, user device, access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station (MS), remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal unit, terminal station, terminal device, wireless communication equipment, user agent, or user device. A terminal typically contains a communication module, circuit, or chip that performs the corresponding communication functions. The terminal may also be configured with program instructions for performing these communication functions.

[0119] For example, the terminal in this application embodiment can be a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a drone, a computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, a machine type communication (MTC) terminal, a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, an Internet of Things (IoT) terminal, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical care, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home (e.g., game consoles, smart TVs, smart speakers, smart refrigerators, and fitness equipment), a transport vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, a communication module, or a roadside unit (RSU) with terminal capabilities.

[0120] RAN 100 and terminal 120 can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can also be deployed in the air on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the scenarios in which RAN 100 and terminal 120 are located.

[0121] CN 200 can be a 5G core network, an evolved 5G core network, or the core network of a future mobile communication system. Taking a 5G core network as an example, CN 200 includes access and mobility management (AMF) network elements responsible for mobility management and access management services; session management (SMF) network elements responsible for session management; user plane (UPF) network elements responsible for user plane packet routing and forwarding and quality of service (QoS) control; and policy control (PCF) network elements. These core network elements can work independently or be combined to implement certain control functions. For example, AMF, SMF, and PCF can be combined into a single core network device.

[0122] It should be understood that the above naming is defined solely for the purpose of distinguishing different functions and should not constitute any limitation on this application. This application does not preclude the possibility of using other naming conventions in 5G networks and other future networks. For example, in future networks, some or all of the above-mentioned network elements may use the terminology from 5G, or they may use other names, etc.

[0123] It is understood that Figure 1 is merely an example and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. The communication method provided in the embodiments of this application may also involve devices not shown in Figure 1, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices, etc. Of course, the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application may also include only some of the devices shown in Figure 1.

[0124] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another communication system applicable to embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 2, this communication system takes NTN as an example. As an example, the system may include: a ground station (gateway, GW), a satellite station, terminal equipment, a 5G core network, a 5G New Radio (NR), an Xn interface, an NG interface, etc. The ground station can provide functions similar to a gateway in a terrestrial communication system, such as establishing connections with terminal equipment and communicating with a server. The ground station also has functions such as detecting and troubleshooting satellite stations, performing packet switching on communication data, and converting interface protocols. Exemplarily, the terminal equipment communicates with the satellite station via a wireless link, and the satellite station communicates with the 5G core network via a wireless link. For example, the satellite station transmits downlink data to the terminal, where the data is encoded using channel coding, and the channel-coded data is transmitted to the terminal after constellation modulation; the terminal transmits uplink data to the satellite station, where the uplink data can also be encoded using channel coding, and the encoded data is transmitted to the satellite station after constellation modulation. Simultaneously, wireless links exist between satellites to complete signaling interaction and user data transmission between satellite stations.

[0125] The network elements and their interfaces shown in the diagram are described below:

[0126] Terminal device: This can be a mobile device that supports 5G New Radio, such as a mobile phone, tablet, or smart car. This terminal device can access the satellite network and initiate services such as calls and internet access through the 5G New Radio.

[0127] Satellite stations, which can be 5G base stations, primarily provide wireless access services, allocate wireless resources for connected terminal devices, and offer reliable wireless transmission protocols and data encryption protocols. Furthermore, satellite stations can connect to the terrestrial core network via wireless links. A satellite network can also include multiple satellite stations, with wireless links existing between them to facilitate signaling and data transmission between the multiple base stations.

[0128] The 5G core network is used to implement functions such as user access control, mobility management, session management, user security authentication, and billing management. These functions are implemented through corresponding functional units, which can be divided into control plane functional entities and user plane functional entities. For example, the access and mobility management (AMF) unit is responsible for control plane functions such as user access management, security authentication, and mobility management; the session management (SMF) unit, together with the AMF unit, supports customized mobility management schemes; and the user plane function (UPF) unit is responsible for managing user plane data transmission and traffic statistics. These functional entities can also be referred to as functional network elements.

[0129] Ground station: Used to forward signaling and service data between satellite stations and the 5G core network. This ground station can also function as a 5G base station.

[0130] 5G New Radio: A wireless link used to connect terminal devices and 5G base stations.

[0131] Xn interface: The interface between the satellite station and the ground station, mainly used for signaling exchange such as handover.

[0132] NG interface: The interface between the ground station and the 5G core network, mainly used for the interaction of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling of the core network and user business data.

[0133] It should be understood that the satellite station in this application may also be a CU, DU, or RU, or an O-RAN node mounted on a satellite.

[0134] It is understood that Figure 2 is merely an example and does not limit the scope of protection of this application. The communication method provided in the embodiments of this application may also involve network elements not shown in Figure 2, and of course, the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application may also include only some of the network elements shown in Figure 2.

[0135] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, some terms involved in this application will be briefly explained.

[0136] 1. Beam;

[0137] A beam represents a communication resource; different beams can be considered different resources. The same information or different information can be transmitted through different beams.

[0138] In the NR protocol, beams can be represented as spatial domain filters, or spatial filters or spatial parameters. The beam used to transmit signals can be called the transmission beam (Tx beam), and the beam used to receive signals can be called the reception beam (Rx beam).

[0139] Furthermore, the beam can be a wide beam, a narrow beam, or other types of beam. The beamforming technology can be beamforming technology or other technologies. Specifically, beamforming technology can be digital beamforming technology, analog beamforming technology, or hybrid digital / analog beamforming technology, etc.

[0140] A beam can correspond to one or more antenna ports, used for transmitting data channels, control channels, and detection signals. The one or more antenna ports corresponding to a beam can also be regarded as a set of antenna ports.

[0141] Specifically, the transmitting end can precode one or more signals based on one or more predefined beam vectors and then transmit the precoded signals. The precoded signals have a certain directionality. Therefore, the precoded signal transmitted by the transmitting end through one port can be understood as a beam in a specific direction. The transmit beam can refer to the signal strength distribution formed in different directions in space after the signal is transmitted through the antenna, and the receive beam can refer to the signal strength distribution in different directions in space of the wireless signal received from the antenna.

[0142] 2. Direction map;

[0143] A radiation pattern, also known as an antenna pattern, radiation pattern, or far-field pattern, represents the distribution of the electromagnetic field radiated by an antenna across a sphere with a radius equal to or less than a certain distance from the antenna, according to spatial angles (including azimuth and elevation). The radius of the sphere, i.e., the distance from the field point to the antenna, must satisfy the far-field condition.

[0144] An antenna pattern can represent the relationship between the antenna's radiation characteristics (field amplitude, power, phase, polarization) and spatial coordinates, such as spatial angles (including azimuth and elevation). Because antenna patterns are generally petal-shaped, they are also called lobe patterns. The beams within the first zero-radiation directional line on either side of the direction of maximum radiation are called the main lobe, the beams opposite to the main lobe are called the back lobe, and the beams between the remaining zero-radiation directions are called side lobes.

[0145] 3. Azimuth and elevation angles:

[0146] Based on a general coordinate system xyz, the azimuth angle is the angle between the positive x-axis and the projection of the AOA onto the xy-plane. The elevation angle is the angle between the angle of arrival (AOA) and the z-axis. By measuring these angles, the direction and altitude of the telemetry antenna relative to the Earth's surface can be determined.

[0147] Azimuth is usually expressed in degrees, starting from 0 degrees and rotating counterclockwise to 360 degrees. When the azimuth is 0 degrees, the celestial body is due north; 90 degrees indicates east, 180 degrees indicates due south, and 270 degrees indicates west. Elevation angle represents the vertical angle between the observer's line of sight and the celestial body. When the elevation angle is 0 degrees, the celestial body is directly above the observer; 90 degrees indicates the celestial body is on the horizon; and when the elevation angle exceeds 90 degrees, the celestial body is below the horizon.

[0148] The above description of the terminology is for ease of understanding only and does not limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0149] In communication systems, terminal antenna performance is limited, and the antenna array's radiation pattern is not ideal. For example, the radiation pattern coverage angle is not wide enough, and it can only cover a portion of the satellites at a time. Furthermore, due to factors such as touching the antenna and human body obstruction, the antenna radiation pattern has indentations, exhibiting a discontinuous gain characteristic, which may affect the communication performance between the terminal and non-terrestrial communication devices.

[0150] In view of this, and considering that the antenna pattern is an important input for the terminal to satellite communication, this application defines an antenna pattern for the terminal and a method for configuring the antenna pattern to ensure communication performance with non-terrestrial communication devices.

[0151] The communication method provided by the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 above. It should be understood that the embodiments of this application can be applied to scenarios where the sending end and the receiving end communicate.

[0152] It should also be understood that the embodiments shown below do not specifically limit the structure of the execution subject of the method provided in the embodiments of this application, as long as it is possible to communicate according to the method provided in the embodiments of this application by running the code or program that records the method provided in the embodiments of this application. For example, the method provided in the embodiments of this application can be executed by a first device and a second device. Unless otherwise specified, the "first device" in this application can refer to a communication device (e.g., a terminal), or a component in the communication device (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a SoC chip or SIP chip containing a modem core), or a chip system, etc.), or it can be a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the communication device. The "second device" in this application can refer to a communication device (e.g., a cloud or network device), or a component in the communication device (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system, etc.), or it can be a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the communication device. For ease of description, the following embodiments use the first device as a terminal and the second device as a cloud or network device as an example.

[0153] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, the method 300 includes the following steps.

[0154] S310, cloud or network device determines the first information.

[0155] The first information is used to indicate the first radiation pattern or the second radiation pattern of the antenna. The first radiation pattern is determined according to the global coordinate system (GCS) where the antenna is located, and the second radiation pattern is determined according to the local coordinate system (LCS) where the antenna is located. The first radiation pattern is obtained by coordinate system transformation of the second radiation pattern based on the first attitude information.

[0156] As an example, if the second device is a network device (e.g., a base station, core network device, or relay device), it can be the network device itself, a component within the network device (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the network device's functions. For example, the network device determines the first information; as another example, the network device's baseband chip (or baseband portion) or processor determines the first information.

[0157] As another example, if the second device is the cloud (e.g., a cloud server), it could be the cloud itself, a component within the cloud (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the cloud's functions. For example, the cloud determines the first information; or, for another example, the baseband chip (or baseband portion) or processor of the cloud server determines the first information.

[0158] For example, the format of the first direction pattern is represented as follows:

[0159] Where, θ GCS This represents the pitch angle of the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal under the GCS. G represents the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal, azimuth angle under the ground control system (GCS). R This represents the gain value corresponding to the pitch and azimuth angles, in dBi.

[0160] For example, the format of the second direction pattern is represented as follows:

[0161] Where, θ LCS The angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal is the pitch angle under the LCS. G represents the azimuth angle of the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal under the LCS. R This represents the gain value corresponding to the pitch and azimuth angles, in dBi.

[0162] Understandably, one GCS corresponds to one system, containing multiple base stations and UEs. Each LCS corresponds to a set of antenna elements for one base station or UE. The LCS is used to define the antenna pattern, polarization mode, or antenna far-field gain formula. Since each UE and base station can contain one or more sets of antenna elements corresponding to different LCSs, the direction of the LCS may differ from that of the GCS. Therefore, it is necessary to define the transformation relationship between the LCS and GCS to obtain the field components of each antenna element in the GCS, and to model the wireless channel based on a unified coordinate system.

[0163] In this application, the first attitude information may include, but is not limited to, rotation angles α, β, and γ, where α corresponds to the heading angle (rotation about the z-axis), β corresponds to the roll angle (rotation about the y-axis), and γ corresponds to the pitch angle (rotation about the x-axis).

[0164] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of attitude information provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, assuming the LCS coordinate system is set as the coordinate system of the terminal antenna, specifically: its origin o is set as the position of the UE, the z-axis is parallel to the long side of the phone, the x-axis is parallel to the short side of the phone (e.g., to the right), and the y-axis is perpendicular to the phone plane, pointing towards the back of the phone, forming a right-handed coordinate system. The shaded side represents the phone screen. Then, rotation around the z-axis changes the heading angle, rotation around the x-axis changes the pitch angle, and rotation around the y-axis changes the roll angle. Additionally, the heading angle ranges from 0 to 360 degrees. In Figure 4, the orientation is 0 degrees, and the xoy plane at the current position rotates counterclockwise around the z-axis, changing the heading angle from 0 to 360 degrees. The pitch angle also ranges from 0 to 360 degrees. In Figure 4, the orientation is 0 degrees, and the yoz plane at the current position rotates counterclockwise around the x-axis, changing its angle from 0 to 360 degrees. The roll angle also ranges from 0 to 360 degrees. In Figure 4, the orientation is 0 degrees, and the xoz plane at the current position rotates counterclockwise around the y-axis, changing its angle from 0 to 360 degrees.

[0165] For example, the first radiation pattern is obtained by coordinate system transformation of the second radiation pattern based on the first attitude information. This can be understood as follows: the transformation relationship between the LCS and GCS can be defined by the rotation angles between the LCS and GCS. For instance, first define rotation angles α, β, and γ. These three rotation angles are the rotation angles of the LCS relative to the GCS, and can also be considered as the orientation of the antenna element corresponding to the LCS relative to the GCS. Based on the rotation angles α, β, and γ, the coordinate transformation formula between the LCS and GCS and the field component transformation formula of the antenna element can be defined.

[0166] Figure 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of the rotation process between the LCS and GCS. As shown in Figure 5, it is assumed that the GCS is represented using the xyz coordinate system, and the LCS is represented using... In coordinate system representation, the GCS can be rotated to a position coinciding with the LCS through the following three rotations: First, rotate the GCS (corresponding to the coordinate axes x, y, z) around the z-axis by an angle of α, at which point we obtain... Coordinate system (corresponding to coordinate axes) Then go around Rotate the axis by an angle β, and you will get Coordinate system (corresponding to coordinate axes) Finally, go around... The axis is rotated by an angle γ, at which point we obtain Coordinate system (corresponding to coordinate axes) Therefore, it can be seen that the result obtained after three coordinate rotations is... The coordinate system is the LCS coordinate system. Conversely, the LCS coordinate system can also be transformed into the xyz coordinate system, i.e., the GCS coordinate system, through three coordinate rotations. The implementation method is similar and will not be elaborated further.

[0167] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the coordinate transformation between the radiation pattern under LCS and the radiation pattern under GCS provided in the embodiments of this application. That is, based on the coordinate transformation process between the GCS coordinate system and the LCS coordinate system shown in Figure 5, it is a schematic diagram of the antenna radiation pattern of the terminal under different attitude information (e.g., rotation angles α, β, γ). As shown in Figure 6, the horizontal axis represents the azimuth angle, which can range from (0, 360) degrees, and the vertical axis represents the elevation angle, which can range from (0, 180) degrees. The squares represent the gain values ​​at the corresponding angles, with the unit being dBi. Different shaded shapes correspond to different gain values.

[0168] As shown in Figure 6(a), the orientation pattern in the LCS coordinate system When the azimuth angle is (0, 90) degrees and the elevation angle is (0, 60) degrees, i.e., the squares filled with left diagonal lines, the corresponding gain value is relatively large; when the azimuth angle is (120, 180) degrees and the elevation angle is (0, 60) degrees, when the azimuth angle is (120, 150) degrees and the elevation angle is (90, 120) degrees, and when the azimuth angle is (210, 240) degrees and the elevation angle is... When the angle is (0,30) degrees, i.e., the squares filled with right diagonal lines, the corresponding gain value is the second largest; when the azimuth angle is (270,360) degrees and the pitch angle is (0,60) degrees, when the azimuth angle is (180,360) degrees and the pitch angle is (90,180) degrees, and when the azimuth angle is (0,150) degrees and the pitch angle is 180 degrees, i.e., the squares filled with grid lines, the corresponding gain values ​​are relatively small.

[0169] As shown in Figure 6(b), the orientation pattern in the LCS coordinate system shown in Figure 6(a) is... A coordinate transformation is performed using the rotation angle (α1, β1, γ1) to obtain the orientation pattern in the GCS coordinate system.

[0170] As shown in Figure 6(c), the orientation pattern in the LCS coordinate system shown in Figure 6(a) is... A coordinate transformation is performed using the rotation angle (α2, β2, γ2) to obtain the orientation pattern in the GCS coordinate system.

[0171] Based on this, it can be seen that the radiation patterns in multiple GCS coordinate systems correspond to one LCS radiation pattern, and are obtained by coordinate transformation using different attitude information (i.e., rotation angles α, β, γ). That is, the radiation pattern in the LCS coordinate system is independent of attitude information, while the radiation pattern in the GCS coordinate system is related to attitude information, and each radiation pattern in the GCS coordinate system is associated with one attitude information (i.e., a rotation angle α, β, γ).

[0172] It should be noted that Figure 6 above is merely an example for ease of understanding and does not exclude other limitations. That is, for different attitude information (or different rotation angles α, β, γ), different orientation patterns in the GCS coordinate system can be obtained.

[0173] The following is an example illustrating the specific implementation of the cloud or network device determining the first information in step S310 above.

[0174] In one implementation, the first information can be predefined or preconfigured. Predefinition can include pre-defined terms, such as protocol definitions, while preconfiguration can be achieved by pre-saving corresponding code, tables, functions, text, strings, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information (e.g., the first information) in the cloud or on network devices. This application does not limit the specific implementation method.

[0175] In another implementation, the first information can be determined based on the terminal's capability information. That is, the cloud or network device can determine the first information based on the terminal's capability information.

[0176] Optionally, before the cloud or network device determines the first information, the cloud or network device obtains the terminal's capability information. For example, the terminal sends its capability information to the cloud or network device. That is, the method 300 further includes the following step S301.

[0177] S301, the terminal sends second information to the cloud or network device. This second information indicates at least one of the terminal's supported computing power, storage capacity, or download capability. This second information pertains to the terminal's capability information. Correspondingly, the cloud or network device receives the second information from the terminal and, based on this second information, determines at least one of the terminal's supported computing power, storage capacity, or download capability, thereby determining a first or second direction pattern.

[0178] As an example, a terminal reports its computing power to the cloud or network device. The cloud or network device can then determine whether the terminal supports a first orientation graph and / or a second orientation graph based on its computing power. For instance, if the terminal's computing power is greater than or equal to a computing power threshold, it indicates that the terminal supports the first orientation graph; optionally, it may also support the second orientation graph. In this case, the cloud or network device determines either the first or both orientation graphs. If the terminal's computing power is less than the computing power threshold, it indicates that the terminal supports the second orientation graph, and the cloud or network device determines the second orientation graph. The computing power threshold, defined as `Thresh_calculate float point operation per second`, can be predefined or preconfigured and is not limited to this value.

[0179] As another example, the terminal reports its storage capacity to the cloud or network device. At this time, the cloud or network device can determine whether the terminal supports a first orientation graph and / or a second orientation graph based on its storage capacity. For example, if the terminal's storage capacity is greater than or equal to a storage capacity threshold, it indicates that the terminal supports the first orientation graph; optionally, it may also support the second orientation graph. In this case, the cloud or network device determines either the first or both orientation graphs. If the terminal's storage capacity is less than the storage capacity threshold, it indicates that the terminal supports the second orientation graph, and in this case, the cloud or network device determines the second orientation graph. The storage capacity threshold can be Thresh_storage Gbits, and can be predefined or preconfigured, without limitation.

[0180] As another example, the terminal reports its download capabilities to the cloud or network device, indicating whether the terminal supports downloading a first directional map based on GCS, and / or whether it supports downloading a second directional map based on LCS. For instance, if the download capability indicates that the terminal supports downloading a first directional map based on GCS, the cloud or network device can determine the first directional map, and / or, if the download capability indicates that the terminal supports downloading a first directional map based on LCS, the cloud or network device can determine the second directional map.

[0181] It should be noted that the terminal capability information in the three examples above is provided for ease of understanding only, and other solutions are not excluded. Furthermore, the three examples above can be implemented independently or in combination, without limitation. For example, a terminal can simultaneously report its own computing power, storage capacity, and download capability for use by the cloud or network devices to determine the initial information.

[0182] In another implementation, the first information can be determined based on the terminal's request information. That is, the cloud or network device determines the first information according to the terminal's request information.

[0183] Optionally, before the cloud or network device determines the first information, the cloud or network device obtains the terminal's request information. For example, the terminal sends information requesting a first or second directional pattern to the cloud or network device. That is, method 300 further includes the following step S302.

[0184] S302, the terminal sends third information to the cloud or network device, which requests a first or second directional pattern. Correspondingly, the cloud or network device receives the third information from the terminal and, based on this third information, can determine whether the directional pattern requested by the terminal is based on the LCS coordinate system or the GCS coordinate system. That is, the cloud or network device can determine the first or second directional pattern based on the received third information.

[0185] For example, the size of the third information can be 1 bit, such as bit "1" indicating that the terminal requests to obtain the first direction map and bit "0" indicating that the terminal requests to obtain the second direction map; conversely, it can also be, such as bit "0" indicating that the terminal requests to obtain the first direction map and bit "1" indicating that the terminal requests to obtain the second direction map. This application does not limit the size of the third information.

[0186] As an example, the third information includes first attitude information, which corresponds to either a first or a second orientation pattern. In other words, the cloud or network device can determine the first or second orientation pattern that the terminal expects to obtain based on the first attitude information carried in the acquired third information.

[0187] Understandably, the number of first attitude information items can be one or more, and correspondingly, the number of first orientation patterns can also be one or more, while the number of second orientation patterns can be one, without limitation. For example, the first attitude information can be represented as: (α1,β1,γ1), (α2,β2,γ2), ..., (αN,βN,γN), where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Then, the format of the corresponding first orientation pattern can be represented as:

[0188] Optionally, a mapping relationship #1 may exist between the first attitude information and the first and / or second orientation map. After the cloud or network device determines the first attitude information based on the received third information, it can then determine, by combining the mapping relationship #1 between the first attitude information and the first and / or second orientation map, that the terminal is requesting to obtain the first and / or second orientation map. The mapping relationship #1 is described below and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0189] Optionally, if no mapping relationship #1 or first attitude information exists, the cloud or network device can determine the first orientation pattern or the second orientation pattern based on prior information or the typical attitude information corresponding to the terminal.

[0190] Optionally, the first posture information can be predefined or preconfigured, or it can be determined by the terminal based on its own capability information, without limitation.

[0191] As another example, assuming the first information sent by the terminal is to request a first directional map, the terminal can indicate the identifier or index of the first directional map to the cloud or network device; alternatively, the terminal can indicate the identifier or index of a second directional map to the cloud or network device. That is, method 300 further includes the following step S303.

[0192] S303, the terminal sends fourth information to the cloud or network device, which indicates the second orientation pattern. Correspondingly, the cloud or network device receives the fourth information from the terminal and determines, based on the fourth information, that the orientation pattern requested by the terminal is a orientation pattern in the GCS coordinate system. That is, the cloud or network device can determine the first orientation pattern based on the received fourth information.

[0193] For example, the fourth information includes information about the second direction map and / or a first index, wherein the first index corresponds to the second direction map. The information about the second direction map may be an identifier or index of the second direction map, or the format of the second direction map, etc.

[0194] In other words, after receiving the fourth information from the terminal, the cloud or network device can determine the second direction map based on the information of the second direction map and / or the first index carried in the fourth information, and then determine that the direction map requested by the terminal is the direction map in the GCS coordinate system, i.e., the first direction map.

[0195] Optionally, a mapping relationship #2 may exist between the first and second directional maps. After the cloud or network device determines the second directional map based on the received fourth information, it can then determine, by combining the mapping relationship #2 between the first and second directional maps, that the terminal is requesting the first directional map. The mapping relationship #2 is described below and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0196] It is understood that the above step S303 may be applicable to scenarios including but not limited to the following situations.

[0197] Scenario 1: Before the terminal receives the first information from the cloud or network device.

[0198] In other words, before executing step S320, the terminal sends a fourth message to the cloud or network device, that is, executes step S303, requesting the cloud or network device to perform coordinate transformation on the second direction map to obtain the first direction map, that is, requesting to obtain the first direction map corresponding to the second direction map. At this time, the first message in S320 is used to indicate the first direction map.

[0199] Scenario 2: After the terminal receives the first information from the cloud or network device.

[0200] In other words, after executing step S320, the terminal sends fourth information to the cloud or network device. For example, after receiving the first information, the terminal can obtain the second directional map, and then execute step S303 to request the cloud or network device to perform coordinate transformation on the second directional map to obtain the first directional map, that is, request to obtain the first directional map corresponding to the second directional map. Or, for another example, after receiving the first information, the terminal can obtain the first directional map, and then execute step S303 to request the cloud or network device to perform coordinate transformation on the first directional map to obtain the second directional map, that is, request to obtain the second directional map corresponding to the first directional map.

[0201] Optionally, based on the above steps S301 or S302, the cloud or network device can send confirmation information to the terminal, such as a confirmation message (ACK). Based on this confirmation message, the terminal can determine that the cloud or network device agrees to send the first or second direction map to the terminal. That is, method 300 further includes the following step S304.

[0202] S304, the cloud or network device sends fifth information to the terminal, which instructs the terminal to obtain either the first or second directional view. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the fifth information from the cloud or network device and determines, based on the fifth information, whether it can subsequently receive the first or second directional view from the cloud or network device.

[0203] Optionally, before or after the first information is determined in the cloud or network device, the terminal can obtain the correspondence between the first orientation map, the second orientation map, and the first attitude information. That is, the method 300 further includes the following step S305.

[0204] S309, the terminal obtains the first mapping relationship.

[0205] The first mapping relationship indicates the mapping relationship between multiple radiation patterns and multiple attitude information. Each radiation pattern corresponds one-to-one with a specific attitude information; the multiple radiation patterns include the first radiation pattern, and the multiple attitude information includes the first attitude information. It can be understood that the multiple radiation patterns are determined based on the GCS (Geometry Scale) where the antenna is located. That is, the multiple radiation patterns are radiation patterns based on the GCS coordinate system, and can be viewed as a coordinate transformation of a second radiation pattern based on multiple attitude information (e.g., multiple rotation angles α, β, γ).

[0206] Therefore, a second orientation pattern (which can be called an LCS orientation pattern) can correspond to multiple attitude information and multiple orientation patterns (which can be called GCS orientation patterns) in the GCS coordinate system. That is, the LCS orientation pattern is independent of the attitude information, while the GCS orientation pattern is related to the attitude information, and each GCS orientation pattern is associated with one attitude information.

[0207] Optionally, multiple radiation patterns or multiple attitude information can exist in the form of a set, a list, or a group. For example, multiple radiation patterns can be replaced by: a list of GCS radiation patterns, a set of GCS radiation patterns, or any item in a group of GCS radiation patterns; multiple attitude information can be replaced by: a list of attitude information, a set of attitude information, or any item in a group of attitude information.

[0208] The following is an example illustrating the specific implementation method of obtaining the first mapping relationship by the aforementioned terminal.

[0209] In one implementation, the first mapping relationship can be predefined or preconfigured. Predefinition can include pre-defined terms, such as protocol definitions, while preconfiguration can be achieved by pre-saving corresponding code, tables, functions, text, strings, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information (e.g., the first mapping relationship) in the terminal. This application does not limit the specific implementation method.

[0210] In another implementation, the first mapping relationship can be determined by the cloud or network device and configured via signaling. For example, the network device determines the first mapping relationship and sends it to the terminal. Alternatively, the first mapping relationship can be predefined or pre-configured in the cloud or network device; or, for example, the cloud or network device determines the first mapping relationship based on prior information (such as user distribution or beam utilization).

[0211] For example, the first mapping relationship can be carried in a broadcast message, multicast message, or RRC signaling. That is, after the cloud or network device determines the first mapping relationship, it can indicate the first mapping relationship to the terminal through a broadcast message or unicast message.

[0212] The following table illustrates the first mapping relationship obtained by the terminal. As shown in Table 1, this first mapping relationship includes the correspondence between multiple attitude information and multiple GCS radiation patterns (e.g., each row). As shown in Table 2, this first mapping relationship includes the correspondence between one LCS radiation pattern, multiple attitude information, and multiple GCS radiation patterns (e.g., each row). It is understood that Tables 1 and 2 can be substituted for each other.

[0213] Table 1

[0214] As shown in Table 1, the attitude information (α1, β1, γ1) and the GCS pattern Correspondingly, the attitude information (α2, β2, γ2) and the GCS pattern Correspondingly, attitude information (αN, βN, γN) and GCS pattern Correspondence. That is, given the LCS pattern and a certain attitude information, the corresponding GCS pattern can also be determined.

[0215] Table 2

[0216] As shown in Table 2, for the same LCS pattern There are multiple attitude information sets and multiple GCS patterns, with a one-to-one correspondence between the attitude information sets and the GCS patterns. Specifically, the attitude information (α1, β1, γ1) corresponds to the GCS pattern. Correspondingly, the attitude information (α2, β2, γ2) and the GCS pattern Correspondingly, attitude information (αN, βN, γN) and GCS pattern Correspondence. That is, given the LCS pattern and a certain attitude information, the corresponding GCS pattern can also be determined.

[0217] It should be noted that the correspondence between the LCS pattern, attitude information and GCS pattern in Table 1 or Table 2 above is only an example for ease of understanding, and other solutions are not excluded.

[0218] Optionally, this application does not limit the number of correspondences (e.g., a row in the table) in any of the above tables, such as adding or removing one or more rows. Optionally, any of the above tables can be split into multiple independent tables. This application does not limit the splitting method. For example, the first three rows in Table 1 and other rows can be independently formed into a new table, or the first mapping relationship of the first four rows in Table 2 and the first mapping relationship of other rows can be independently formed into a new table, etc.

[0219] S320: The cloud or network device sends the first information to the terminal.

[0220] Correspondingly, the terminal receives the first information from the cloud or network device, that is, the terminal can determine the first or second orientation pattern.

[0221] Optionally, the first message may be a broadcast message, a multicast message, a system message, or a unicast message.

[0222] Optionally, the first information may carry a first resource and / or a first signaling, wherein the first signaling includes DCI or RRC signaling, and the first resource includes PDSCH or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

[0223] As an example, if the first device is a terminal (e.g., a terminal device or UE), it can be the terminal itself, a component within the terminal (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal's functions. The second device is a network device (e.g., a base station, core network equipment, or relay equipment), which can be the network device itself, a component within the network device (e.g., the network device's CU or DU, communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the network device's functions. For example, the network device sends first information to the terminal; or, the network device's baseband chip (or baseband portion) or processor generates first information and sends it to the network device's radio frequency unit (or radio frequency portion), which then sends the first information to the terminal's radio frequency unit (or radio frequency portion), and finally, the terminal's radio frequency unit (or radio frequency portion) sends the first information to the terminal's baseband unit (or baseband portion).

[0224] As another example, if the first device is a terminal (e.g., a terminal device or UE), it can be the terminal itself, a component within the terminal (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal's functions. The second device is a cloud (e.g., a cloud server), which can be the cloud itself, a component within the cloud (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the cloud's functions. For example, the cloud sends first information to the terminal; or, the baseband chip (or baseband portion) or processor in the cloud generates first information and sends it to the radio frequency unit (or radio frequency portion) in the cloud, which then sends the first information to the radio frequency unit (or radio frequency portion) of the terminal, and finally the terminal's radio frequency unit (or radio frequency portion) sends the first information to the terminal's baseband unit (or baseband portion).

[0225] S330, the terminal communicates with a non-terrestrial communication device according to a first or second direction map.

[0226] For example, the non-terrestrial communication device may be at least one of an aircraft, a balloon, a satellite, or a satellite base station.

[0227] As an example, if the first device is a terminal (e.g., a terminal device or UE), it could be the terminal itself, a component within the terminal (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal's functions. For example, the terminal communicates with a non-terrestrial communication device according to a first or second directional pattern; as another example, the terminal's radio frequency unit (or radio frequency section) communicates with a non-terrestrial communication device according to a first or second directional pattern.

[0228] Based on the above scheme, the terminal can determine the first radiation pattern or the second radiation pattern of the terminal antenna by receiving the first information from the cloud or network device. In other words, by receiving the first information, the radiation pattern based on the LCS coordinate system or the radiation pattern based on the GCS coordinate system can be determined. Then, based on the determined first radiation pattern or second radiation pattern, the angle for communication between the terminal and the non-terrestrial communication device can be obtained, realizing rapid satellite search and improving the transmission performance of the non-terrestrial communication network.

[0229] For ease of understanding, the specific processes applicable to the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to Figures 7 and 8. It should be understood that the processes described below are merely illustrative examples, and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. Content not described in detail below can be referred to the description in method 300, and will not be repeated here.

[0230] Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, this method mainly describes the configuration of a direction map dominated by the cloud or network device, used to assist the terminal in obtaining the GCS direction map (i.e., an example of the first direction map) or the LCS direction map (i.e., an example of the second direction map). The method 700 includes the following steps.

[0231] S701, Optionally, the terminal sends its capability information to the base station.

[0232] Correspondingly, the base station receives the terminal's capability information from the terminal.

[0233] The specific meaning and implementation method of the terminal's capability information can be referred to the relevant description of step S301 of the above method 300. For example, the terminal's capability information includes at least one of the terminal's supported computing capabilities, storage capabilities, or download capabilities. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described here.

[0234] Optionally, the terminal may also request the base station to obtain GCS pattern information or LCS pattern information. For example, the terminal sends third information to the base station to request GCS pattern information or LCS pattern information. The meaning of the third information and its implementation method can be referred to the relevant description of step S302 of the above method 300. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described here.

[0235] The GCS pattern information or LCS pattern information can be understood as: information used to indicate or characterize the GCS pattern or LCS pattern. It can be the GCS pattern or LCS pattern itself, or it can be the index / identifier of the GCS pattern or LCS pattern. It is used to directly or indirectly determine the GCS pattern or LCS pattern, and is not limited.

[0236] S702, the base station sends GCS / LCS indication information to the terminal (i.e., an example of the fifth information).

[0237] Correspondingly, the terminal receives GCS / LCS indication information from the base station.

[0238] The GCS / LCS indication information is used to instruct the base station to allow the terminal to obtain GCS pattern information or LCS pattern information from the base station. For the specific implementation method, please refer to the relevant description of step S304 of method 300 above. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described here.

[0239] Optionally, steps S701-S702 described above can also be performed by the cloud and the terminal as the executing entities. That is, the GCS / LCS indication information can be sent from the cloud to the terminal. For example, the terminal sends its capability information to the cloud, and correspondingly, the cloud receives the terminal's capability information from the terminal. Another example is that the terminal sends a request to the cloud to obtain GCS pattern information or LCS pattern information. Further, the cloud sends GCS / LCS indication information to the terminal, indicating that the terminal is allowed to obtain GCS pattern information or LCS pattern information from the cloud.

[0240] In this application, the terminal can obtain LCS pattern information or GCS pattern information from the cloud or base station. For ease of understanding, the following description takes the terminal obtaining GCS pattern information from the cloud or base station as an example. For specific implementation methods, please refer to Method 1 or Method 2 below, and one method can be selected for implementation.

[0241] Method 1:

[0242] S703, the terminal sends LCS pattern information to the cloud.

[0243] Correspondingly, the cloud receives LCS pattern information from the terminal.

[0244] For a specific implementation method, please refer to the relevant description of step S304 of method 300 above. For example, the terminal sends fourth information to the base station. The fourth information is used to indicate the LCS pattern. The fourth information may carry information about the LCS pattern and / or a first index used to indicate the LCS pattern.

[0245] Furthermore, after acquiring the LCS pattern information, the cloud determines the GCS pattern. For example, the cloud can perform coordinate transformation on the LCS pattern to obtain the GCS pattern based on the first attitude information; alternatively, the cloud can determine the GCS pattern corresponding to the LCS pattern based on the first attitude information and the first mapping relationship. Furthermore, if there is no first attitude information, the cloud can perform coordinate transformation on the LCS pattern to obtain the GCS pattern based on prior information or predefined or preconfigured attitude information. The meaning and implementation of the first mapping relationship, the cloud's method of determining the GCS pattern based on the LCS pattern, and the implementation of the coordinate transformation between the LCS and GCS patterns can be found in the relevant description of step S310 of method 300 above; for brevity, they will not be elaborated here.

[0246] S704: The cloud sends GCS pattern information to the terminal.

[0247] Correspondingly, the terminal receives GCS pattern information from the cloud.

[0248] For the specific implementation method, please refer to the relevant description of step S320 of method 300 above. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0249] Method 2:

[0250] S705, the terminal sends LCS pattern information to the base station, and correspondingly, the base station receives the LCS pattern information from the terminal.

[0251] S706, the base station sends GCS pattern information to the terminal, and correspondingly, the terminal receives the GCS pattern information from the base station.

[0252] For details on the implementation of steps S705-S706 above, please refer to the relevant descriptions of steps S703-S704 above. For the sake of brevity, these details will not be repeated here.

[0253] Furthermore, in either method one or method two, the terminal can obtain GCS pattern information and then communicate with non-terrestrial communication devices, such as aircraft, balloons, or satellites, without limitation.

[0254] Based on the above scheme, the GCS pattern is configured through a base station or cloud-led approach, enabling the terminal to obtain GCS pattern information. This allows the terminal to obtain the angle for communication with non-terrestrial communication devices, enabling rapid satellite search and improving the transmission performance of non-terrestrial communication networks.

[0255] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 8, compared to the method 700 described above, this method mainly focuses on the configuration of the terminal-dominated directional pattern, used to assist the terminal in obtaining the GCS directional pattern (i.e., an example of the first directional pattern) or the LCS directional pattern (i.e., an example of the second directional pattern). The method 800 includes the following steps.

[0256] S801, optionally, the terminal sends LCS pattern information to the cloud.

[0257] Correspondingly, the cloud receives LCS pattern information from the terminal.

[0258] For a specific implementation method, please refer to the relevant description of step S304 of method 300 above. For example, the terminal sends fourth information to the base station. The fourth information is used to indicate the LCS pattern. The fourth information may carry information about the LCS pattern and / or a first index used to indicate the LCS pattern.

[0259] Furthermore, after acquiring the LCS pattern information, the cloud determines the GCS pattern. For example, the cloud can perform coordinate transformation on the LCS pattern to obtain the GCS pattern based on the first attitude information; alternatively, the cloud can determine the GCS pattern corresponding to the LCS pattern based on the first attitude information and the first mapping relationship. Furthermore, if there is no first attitude information, the cloud can perform coordinate transformation on the LCS pattern to obtain the GCS pattern based on prior information or predefined or preconfigured attitude information. The meaning and implementation of the first mapping relationship, the cloud's method of determining the GCS pattern based on the LCS pattern, and the implementation of the coordinate transformation between the LCS and GCS patterns can be found in the relevant description of step S310 of method 300 above; for brevity, they will not be elaborated here.

[0260] S802, the cloud sends GCS pattern information to the terminal.

[0261] Correspondingly, the terminal receives GCS pattern information from the cloud.

[0262] For the specific implementation method, please refer to the relevant description of step S320 of method 300 above. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0263] Furthermore, based on the acquired GCS pattern information, the terminal can communicate with non-terrestrial communication devices (e.g., base stations deployed on satellites, referred to as satellite base stations).

[0264] Based on the above scheme, the GCS pattern is configured in a terminal-led manner, enabling the terminal to obtain GCS pattern information and thus acquire the angle for communication between the terminal and non-terrestrial communication devices, thereby achieving rapid satellite search and improving the transmission performance of non-terrestrial communication networks.

[0265] It should be understood that the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0266] It should also be understood that this application will present various aspects, embodiments, or features in relation to systems that may include multiple devices, components, modules, etc. It should be understood and appreciated that individual systems may include additional devices, components, modules, etc., and / or may not include all the devices, components, modules, etc. discussed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, combinations of these approaches are also possible.

[0267] It should also be understood that in some of the above embodiments, the examples are mainly based on devices in existing network architectures (e.g., a first device or a second device, etc.), and it should be understood that the specific form of the device is not limited in the embodiments of this application. For example, any device that can achieve the same function in the future is applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0268] It is understood that, in the above-described method embodiments, the methods and operations implemented by the device can also be implemented by components of the device (e.g., chips or circuits).

[0269] The communication method provided by the embodiments of this application has been described in detail above with reference to Figures 1 to 8. The above communication method is mainly described from the perspective of the interaction between a first device (e.g., a terminal) and a second device (e.g., a cloud or network device). It is understood that, in order to realize the above functions, the terminal, cloud, or network device includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to perform each function.

[0270] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is implemented in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0271] The communication device provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 9 to 12. The description of the device embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content not described in detail, please refer to the method embodiments above. For the sake of brevity, some content will not be repeated.

[0272] This application embodiment can divide the communication device into functional modules according to the above method example. For example, each function can be divided into its own functional modules, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated modules can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. The module division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division; other division methods may be used in actual implementation. The following description uses the division of functional modules according to each function as an example.

[0273] Figure 9 is an exemplary block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 9, the communication device 1000 may include a chip system 1100, a memory 1200, a bus 1300, a power management module 1400, or a transceiver 1500, etc.

[0274] The chip system 1100 can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed through integrated logic circuits in the hardware of the chip system 1100 or through software instructions.

[0275] As an example and not a limitation, the chip system 1100 may include circuitry or chips responsible for signal processing (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a modem core).

[0276] Optionally, the chip system 1100 may also include a memory (such as a cache) for storing instructions and data. In some embodiments, the memory in the chip system 1100 is a cache memory. This memory can store instructions or data that the chip system 1100 has just used or that are used repeatedly. If the chip system 1100 needs to use the instruction or data again, it can directly retrieve it from the memory. This avoids repeated accesses, reduces the waiting time of the chip system 1100, and thus improves the efficiency of the system.

[0277] In some embodiments, the chip system 1100 may include one or more interfaces. Interfaces may include an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) interface, an inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) interface, a pulse code modulation (PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous receiver / transmitter (UART) interface, a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), a general-purpose input / output (GPIO) interface, a subscriber identity module (SIM) interface, and / or a universal serial bus (USB) interface, etc.

[0278] The memory 1200 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 1200 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code, including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the various functions described in this application.

[0279] Optionally, the code may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the embodiments of this application. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, the code may not be directly executable by the chip system 1100, but may enable a computer (e.g., at compile and execution time) to perform the functions described in this application. In some cases, memory 1200 may in particular contain a basic input / output (I / O) system that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0280] For example, the chip system 1100 executes various functional applications and data processing of the communication device 1000 by running instructions stored in the memory 1200. For instance, when the communication device 1000 transfers files with other devices (e.g., terminals, cloud, network devices, or core network devices), the chip system 1100 of the communication device 1000 can call the computer-executable program code stored in the memory 1200 to implement the data and / or signaling transmission methods provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0281] Alternatively, the memory 1200 can be integrated into the aforementioned chip system 1100, or it can be independent of the chip system 1100.

[0282] Bus 1300 can be USB, used to support communication between various parts of communication device 1000.

[0283] The power management module 1400 is used to receive charging input from the charger. Optionally, the power management module 1400 can also supply power to the communication device 1000 while charging it (e.g., the battery module of the communication device 1000). By way of example and not limitation, the power management module 1400 can also supply power to other devices besides the communication device 1000.

[0284] Transceiver 1500 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired links, or wireless links. For example, transceiver 1500 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1500 may also include a modem for modulating packets and providing the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and for demodulating packets received from the antenna. Transceiver 1500 may include a receiver and a transmitter, the receiver performing the function of receiving information and the transmitter performing the function of transmitting information.

[0285] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna. However, in other cases, the device may have more than one antenna, such as antenna 1 and antenna 2 as shown in FIG. 9, which may be capable of simultaneously transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Exemplarily, antenna 1 and antenna 2 are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. Each antenna in the communication device 1000 can be used to cover one or more communication frequency bands. Different antennas can also be multiplexed to improve antenna utilization. For example, antenna 1 can be multiplexed as a diversity antenna for a wireless local area network. In other embodiments, the antennas can be used in conjunction with a tuning switch. The communication device 1000 can transfer files to other devices via wireless communication functions.

[0286] In one design, the communication device 1000 may correspond to the terminal in the above method embodiments.

[0287] The device 1000 can implement the steps or processes executed by the terminal in the above method embodiments, wherein the transceiver 1500 can be used to perform the terminal's transmission and reception related operations in the above method embodiments; and the chip system 1100 can be used to perform the terminal's processing related operations in the above method embodiments.

[0288] In another design, the communication device 1000 may correspond to the cloud or network device in the above method embodiments.

[0289] The device 1000 can implement the steps or processes corresponding to those performed by the cloud or network device in the above method embodiments, wherein the transceiver 1500 can be used to perform the transmission and reception related operations of the cloud or network device in the above method embodiments; and the chip system 1100 can be used to perform the processing related operations of the cloud or network device in the above method embodiments.

[0290] Under this design, the communication device 1000 may include modules such as the short-range communication module 1640, sensor 1610, display 1620, or camera 1630 as shown in Figure 9.

[0291] The short-range communication module 1640 may include a wireless network (WI-FI, or WIFI), or a module that supports short-range communication such as Bluetooth.

[0292] Sensor 1610 may include pressure sensors, gyroscope sensors, barometric pressure sensors, magnetic sensors, accelerometers, distance sensors, proximity sensors, fingerprint sensors, temperature sensors, touch sensors, ambient light sensors, bone conduction sensors, etc.

[0293] Display 1620 is used to display images, videos, etc. The display includes a display panel. The display panel can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED), a flexible light-emitting diode (FLED), a Miniled LED, a MicroLED, a Micro-OLED, a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED), etc. For example, in this embodiment, the display can be used to display the interface required by the communication device 1000. Exemplarily, the communication device 1000 implements display functions through a graphics processing unit (GPU), a display, and an application processor. The GPU is a microprocessor for image processing, connected to the display and the application processor. The GPU performs mathematical and geometric calculations for graphics rendering. The chip system 1100 may include one or more GPUs that execute program instructions to generate or modify display information.

[0294] The camera 1630 is used to acquire images, videos, etc.

[0295] It is understood that the structure shown in Figure 9 does not constitute a specific limitation on the communication device 1000, and the specific structure of the terminal, cloud, or network device can be referred to Figure 9. In some embodiments, the communication device 1000 may also include more or fewer components than shown in Figure 9, or combine some components, or split some components, or arrange different components, etc. Alternatively, some components shown in Figure 9 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware, and the terminal, cloud, or network device may add or remove components based on the structure given in Figure 9.

[0296] Figure 10 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 10, the communication device 2000 may include a baseband unit 2100, which can communicate with external devices via a cellular RF transceiver 2200 (e.g., if the communication device 2000 is a terminal, the baseband unit 2100 can communicate with network devices via the cellular RF transceiver 2200; or, if the communication device 2000 is a cloud or network device, the baseband unit 2100 can communicate with terminals or core network devices via the cellular RF transceiver 2200).

[0297] Baseband unit 2100 may include computer-readable medium / memory. Baseband unit 2100 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by baseband unit 2100, the software causes baseband unit 2100 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by baseband unit 2100 during software execution.

[0298] The baseband unit 2100 further includes a receiving unit 2010, a management unit 2020, and a transmitting unit 2030. The management unit 2020 includes one or more sub-units shown in FIG. 10 (e.g., a signal generation unit and / or a signal parsing unit). Units within the management unit 2020 may be stored in a computer-readable medium / memory and / or configured as hardware within the baseband unit 2100. The receiving unit 2010 and the transmitting unit 2030 may be referred to as transceiver units.

[0299] When the communication device 2000 is used to implement the functions of the terminal in the above method embodiments, the receiving unit 2010 is used to perform the receiving step of the terminal, the sending unit 2030 is used to perform the sending step of the terminal, and the management unit 2020 is used to perform the processing step of the terminal.

[0300] For example, when the device 2000 is used to perform the above method, the receiving unit 2010 can be used to perform the step of receiving information in the method; the management unit 2020 can be used to perform the processing step in the method; and the sending unit 2030 can be used to perform the step of sending information in the method.

[0301] When the communication device 2000 is used to implement the functions of the cloud or network device in the above method embodiments, the receiving unit 2010 is used to perform the receiving step of the cloud or network device, the sending unit 2030 is used to perform the sending step of the cloud or network device, and the management unit 2020 is used to perform the processing step of the cloud or network device.

[0302] For example, when the device 2000 is used to perform the above method, the receiving unit 2010 can be used to perform the step of receiving information in the method; the management unit 2020 can be used to perform the processing step in the method; and the sending unit 2030 can be used to perform the step of sending information in the method.

[0303] For a more detailed description of the receiving unit 2010, the management unit 2020, and the sending unit 2030, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the above method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0304] Figure 11 is a schematic block diagram of a chip system 3000 provided in an embodiment of this application. Exemplarily, the chip system includes, but is not limited to: a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) chip or a system-in-package (SIP) chip containing a modem core.

[0305] As shown in Figure 11, the chip system (or processing system) includes a processor 3100, a memory 3200, and an input / output interface 3300.

[0306] The processor 3100 can be a processing circuit in the chip system (including at least one processor, such as processor 1 and processor 2 as shown in FIG. 11). The processor 3100 can be coupled to the memory 3200, and call the instructions in the memory 3200, so that the chip system can implement the methods and functions of the various embodiments of this application. The input / output interface 3300 can be an input / output circuit in the chip system, which outputs the information processed by the chip system, or inputs the data or signaling information to be processed into the chip system for processing.

[0307] As one approach, the chip system is used to implement the operations performed by a terminal, cloud, or network device in the various method embodiments described above.

[0308] For example, the processor 3100 is used to implement the processing-related operations performed by the terminal, cloud, or network device in the above method embodiments, as described in the foregoing embodiments; the input / output interface 3300 is used to implement the sending and / or receiving-related operations performed by the terminal, cloud, or network device in the above method embodiments, as described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0309] Figure 12 is a schematic block diagram of another chip system 4000 provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 12, the chip system (or processing system) includes an input / output interface 4100 and logic circuits 4200. The input / output interface 4100 can be an input / output circuit in the chip system, outputting processed information or inputting data or signaling information to be processed into the chip system for processing; specific details can be found in the descriptions of the foregoing embodiments. The logic circuits 4200 are used to execute the aforementioned communication method; specific details can also be found in the descriptions of the foregoing embodiments.

[0310] As one approach, the chip system is used to implement the operations performed by a terminal, cloud, or network device in the various method embodiments described above.

[0311] For example, logic circuit 4200 is used to implement processing-related operations performed by a terminal, cloud, or network device in the above method embodiments; input / output interface 4100 is used to implement sending and / or receiving-related operations performed by a terminal, cloud, or network device in the above method embodiments.

[0312] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions for implementing the methods executed by the apparatus in the above-described method embodiments. For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer can implement the methods executed by the first apparatus (e.g., a terminal) or the second apparatus (e.g., a cloud or network device) in the above-described method embodiments.

[0313] This application also provides a computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, implement the methods described above, performed by a first device (e.g., a terminal) or a second device (e.g., a cloud or network device).

[0314] This application also provides a communication system, including the aforementioned first device (e.g., a terminal) and / or second device (e.g., a cloud or network device).

[0315] The explanations and beneficial effects of the relevant contents in any of the devices provided above can be found in the corresponding method embodiments provided above, and will not be repeated here.

[0316] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0317] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be described again here.

[0318] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0319] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0320] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0321] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0322] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, include: Receive first information from the cloud or network device, the first information being used to indicate a first radiation pattern or a second radiation pattern of the antenna, wherein the first radiation pattern is determined according to the global coordinate system (GCS) where the antenna is located, the second radiation pattern is determined according to the local coordinate system (LCS) where the antenna is located, and the first radiation pattern is obtained by coordinate system transformation of the second radiation pattern based on the first attitude information; Communicate with non-terrestrial communication devices according to the first or second direction map.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first piece of information is determined based on the terminal's capability information.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before receiving the first information from the cloud or network device, the method further includes: Send a second message to the cloud or the network device, the second message indicating at least one of the computing power, storage power, or download power supported by the terminal, the second message being the terminal's capability information.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Before receiving the first information from the cloud or network device, the method further includes: Send a third message to the cloud or the network device, the third message being used to request the first or the second directional pattern.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The third information includes the first attitude information, which corresponds to the first orientation pattern or the second orientation pattern.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a fourth message to the cloud or the network device, the fourth message being used to indicate a second radiation pattern of the antenna.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fourth information includes information from the second radiation pattern and / or a first index, wherein the first index corresponds to the second radiation pattern.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Before receiving the first information from the cloud or network device, the method further includes: The terminal receives fifth information from the cloud or the network device, the fifth information being used to instruct the terminal to obtain the first or second directional pattern.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: A first mapping relationship is obtained, which is used to indicate the mapping relationship between multiple radiation patterns and multiple attitude information, wherein the multiple radiation patterns correspond one-to-one with the multiple attitude information, the multiple radiation patterns include the first radiation pattern, the multiple attitude information includes the first attitude information, and the multiple radiation patterns are determined according to the GCS where the antenna is located.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The format of the first radiation pattern is as follows: Where, θ GCS The angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal is the pitch angle under the GCS. The angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal is the azimuth angle under the GCS. R This represents the gain value corresponding to the pitch angle and the azimuth angle.

11. A communication method, characterized in that, include: First information is determined, which is used to indicate a first radiation pattern or a second radiation pattern of the antenna. The first radiation pattern is determined according to the global coordinate system (GCS) where the antenna is located, and the second radiation pattern is determined according to the local coordinate system (LCS) where the antenna is located. The first radiation pattern is obtained by coordinate system transformation of the second radiation pattern based on the first attitude information. Send the first information to the terminal.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first information is determined based on the terminal's capability information.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The determination of the first information includes: The terminal receives second information, which indicates at least one of the computing power, storage power, or download power supported by the terminal, and the second information is part of the terminal's capability information. The first information is determined based on the terminal's capability information.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, The determination of the first information includes: Receive third information from the terminal, the third information being used to request the first directional pattern or the second directional pattern; The first information is determined based on the third information.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The third information includes the first attitude information, which corresponds to the first orientation pattern or the second orientation pattern.

16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that, The method further includes: The terminal receives fourth information, which is used to indicate a second radiation pattern of the antenna.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The fourth information includes information from the second radiation pattern and / or a first index, wherein the first index corresponds to the second radiation pattern.

18. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that, Before receiving the first information, or before receiving the first attitude information, the method further includes: A fifth message is sent to the terminal, the fifth message being used to instruct the terminal to obtain the first directional pattern or the second directional pattern.

19. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that, The method further includes: A first mapping relationship is sent to the terminal. The first mapping relationship is used to indicate the mapping relationship between multiple radiation patterns and multiple attitude information. The multiple radiation patterns correspond one-to-one with the multiple attitude information. The multiple radiation patterns include the first radiation pattern. The multiple attitude information includes the first attitude information. The multiple radiation patterns are determined according to the GCS where the antenna is located.

20. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that, The format of the first radiation pattern is as follows: Where, θ GCS The angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal is the pitch angle under the GCS. The angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal is the azimuth angle under the GCS. R This represents the gain value corresponding to the pitch angle and the azimuth angle.

21. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The cloud or network device determines first information, which is used to indicate the first radiation pattern or the second radiation pattern of the antenna. The first radiation pattern is determined according to the global coordinate system (GCS) where the antenna is located, and the second radiation pattern is determined according to the local coordinate system (LCS) where the antenna is located. The first radiation pattern is obtained by coordinate system transformation of the second radiation pattern based on the first attitude information. The cloud or the network device sends the first information to the terminal, and the terminal receives the first information from the cloud or the network device; The terminal communicates with the non-terrestrial communication device according to the first or second directional pattern.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The first piece of information is determined based on the terminal's capability information.

23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, Before the cloud or network device sends the first information to the terminal, the method further includes: The terminal sends second information to the cloud or the network device, the second information being used to indicate at least one of the computing power, storage power, or download power supported by the terminal, and the second information is part of the terminal's capability information; The cloud or the network device determines the first information based on the terminal's capability information.

24. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that, Before the terminal receives the first information from the cloud or the network device, the method further includes: The terminal sends third information to the cloud or the network device, the third information being used to request the first directional pattern or the second directional pattern; The cloud or the network device determines the first information based on the third information.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, The third information includes the first attitude information, which corresponds to the first orientation pattern or the second orientation pattern.

26. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that, The method further includes: The terminal sends fourth information to the cloud or the network device, the fourth information being used to indicate the second radiation pattern of the antenna.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The fourth information includes information from the second radiation pattern and / or a first index, wherein the first index corresponds to the second radiation pattern.

28. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that, The method further includes: The cloud or the network device sends a fifth message to the terminal, the fifth message indicating that the terminal is allowed to obtain the first directional pattern or the second directional pattern.

29. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 28, characterized in that, The method further includes: The terminal acquires a first mapping relationship, which is used to indicate the mapping relationship between multiple radiation patterns and multiple attitude information. The multiple radiation patterns correspond one-to-one with the multiple attitude information. The multiple radiation patterns include the first radiation pattern, and the multiple attitude information includes the first attitude information. The multiple radiation patterns are determined based on the GCS where the antenna is located.

30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that, The terminal obtains the first mapping relationship, including: The terminal receives the first mapping relationship from the cloud or the network device.

31. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 30, characterized in that, The format of the first radiation pattern is as follows: Where, θ GCS The angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal is the pitch angle under the GCS. The angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal is the azimuth angle under the GCS. R This represents the gain value corresponding to the pitch angle and the azimuth angle.

32. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 31, characterized in that, The format of the second orientation pattern is as follows: Where, θ LCS This represents the pitch angle of the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal in the LCS. G represents the azimuth angle of the angle of arrival (AOA) between the non-terrestrial communication device and the terminal under the LCS. R This represents the gain value corresponding to the pitch and azimuth angles, in dBi.

33. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes modules or units for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, or modules or units for performing the method as described in any one of claims 11 to 20.

34. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor for executing a computer program or instructions to cause the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 20 to be performed.

35. The communication device according to claim 34, characterized in that, The communication device further includes a memory for storing the computer program or instructions; and / or, The communication device further includes a communication interface coupled to the at least one processor, the communication interface being used for inputting and / or outputting information.

36. The communication device according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that, The communication device is a chip or chip system.

37. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program or instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 20 to be performed.

38. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 20 to be performed.

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