Signal transmission system, signal transmission method, and electronic device

Abstract

Provided in embodiments of the present disclosure are a signal transmission system, a signal transmission method, and an electronic device. The signal transmission system comprises: a sending end, used for identifying a signal to be transmitted, and controlling, by means of a corresponding computer expansion bus standard PCIe bus, a first optoelectronic transceiver to send said signal to an optical fiber; and a receiving end, used for controlling, by means of the corresponding PCIe bus, a second optoelectronic transceiver to receive said signal transmitted by the optical fiber, wherein the second optoelectronic transceiver is connected to the first optoelectronic transceiver by means of the optical fiber.

Description

Signal transmission systems, signal transmission methods and electronic devices

[0001] Cross-reference

[0002] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410909986.8, filed on July 8, 2024, entitled “Signal Transmission System, Signal Transmission Method and Electronic Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of signal transmission technology, and more specifically, to a signal transmission system, a signal transmission method, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0004] Currently, the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) bus standard typically uses copper cables as the transmission medium. However, as PCIe speeds increase, the transmission distance of copper cables is becoming shorter and shorter, making it difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale PCIe interconnect pooling, resulting in significant technical limitations in signal transmission systems.

[0005] There is currently no effective solution to the problem of significant limitations in signal transmission of the aforementioned signal transmission systems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This disclosure provides a signal transmission system, a signal transmission method, and an electronic device to at least address the technical problem of significant limitations in signal transmission within the signal transmission system.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a signal transmission system is provided, the system comprising: a transmitting end, configured to identify a signal to be transmitted and control a first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit the signal to be transmitted to an optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe computer expansion bus standard; and a receiving end, configured to control a second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal to be transmitted transmitted via the optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe bus, wherein the second optoelectronic transceiver and the first optoelectronic transceiver are connected via an optical fiber.

[0008] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, another signal transmission system is provided, the system comprising: a transmitting end in a first server, configured to identify a signal to be transmitted from network resources to be deployed in a content generation scenario, and to control a first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit the signal to be transmitted to an optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe bus; and a receiving end in a second server, configured to control a second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe bus, wherein the second optoelectronic transceiver and the first optoelectronic transceiver are connected via an optical fiber, and the signal to be transmitted is used to deploy network resources on the second server.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a signal transmission method is provided, applied to a transmitting end corresponding to a receiving end. The transmitting end corresponds to a first optoelectronic transceiver, and the receiving end corresponds to a second optoelectronic transceiver. The second optoelectronic transceiver and the first optoelectronic transceiver are connected via an optical fiber. The method includes: identifying a signal to be transmitted; controlling the first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe bus, wherein the signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber is received by the receiving end via the corresponding PCIe bus controlled by the second optoelectronic transceiver.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a signal transmission method is provided, applied to a receiving end corresponding to a transmitting end. The transmitting end corresponds to a first optoelectronic transceiver, and the receiving end corresponds to a second optoelectronic transceiver. The second optoelectronic transceiver and the first optoelectronic transceiver are connected via optical fiber. The method includes: determining a PCIe standard computer expansion bus corresponding to the receiving end; controlling the second optoelectronic transceiver to receive a signal to be transmitted via optical fiber through the corresponding PCIe bus, wherein the signal to be transmitted is identified by the transmitting end and the first optoelectronic transceiver is controlled to transmit it to the optical fiber through the PCIe bus corresponding to the transmitting end.

[0011] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a signal transmission device is also provided, the device comprising: an identification component for identifying a signal to be transmitted; and a first control component for controlling a first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit the signal to be transmitted to an optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe computer expansion bus standard, wherein the signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber is received by a second optoelectronic transceiver controlled by a receiving end via a corresponding PCIe bus.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a signal transmission device is also provided, the device comprising: a determining component for determining a PCIe bus corresponding to a receiving end; and a second control component for controlling a second optoelectronic transceiver to receive a signal to be transmitted via an optical fiber through the corresponding PCIe bus, wherein the signal to be transmitted is identified by a transmitting end and is transmitted to the optical fiber by a first optoelectronic transceiver through the corresponding PCIe bus.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is also provided, including: a memory storing an executable program; and a processor for running the program, wherein the program executes the methods in various embodiments of the present disclosure when it runs.

[0014] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, the computer-readable storage medium including a stored executable program, wherein, when the executable program is executed, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the methods of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods of various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0016] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a computer program product is also provided, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods of various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0017] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a computer program is also provided, which, when executed by a processor, implements the methods of the various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0018] This disclosure provides a signal transmission system comprising a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter identifies the signal to be transmitted and controls a first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit the signal onto an optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe bus. The receiver controls a second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal transmitted via the optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe bus. The second optoelectronic transceiver is connected to the first optoelectronic transceiver via an optical fiber. That is, the first optoelectronic transceiver at the transmitter and the second optoelectronic transceiver at the receiver are connected via an optical fiber. The first optoelectronic transceiver at the transmitter transmits the signal to be transmitted onto the optical fiber, and the second optoelectronic transceiver at the receiver receives the signal transmitted via the optical fiber, thereby transmitting the signal from the transmitter to the receiver. Since the transmission distance of optical fiber is much longer than that of coaxial cable, using optical fiber as the transmission medium can support signal transmission from several meters to several kilometers, making the application scenarios unrestricted. Moreover, the signal to be transmitted can be transmitted between the transmitting and receiving ends via optical fiber using only two optoelectronic transceivers. This makes the application scenarios more flexible, supports large-scale networking, and has great application value for pooled applications. It reduces the signal transmission limitations of the signal transmission system and solves the technical problem of the large signal transmission limitations of the signal transmission system.

[0019] It is worth noting that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely for illustrative and explanatory purposes and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this disclosure and form part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and are used to explain the disclosure, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the disclosure. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal (or mobile device) for implementing a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of a computing environment for implementing a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of a service mesh according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 8 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 9 is a flowchart of another signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a PCIe link in an AIC scenario according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a direct-insertion scenario of an optical component according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 16 is a structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present disclosure, the technical solutions of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or components is not necessarily limited to those explicitly listed, but may include other steps or components not explicitly listed or inherent to the aforementioned process, method, product, or device.

[0039] First, some nouns or terms that appear in the description of the embodiments of this disclosure shall be interpreted as follows:

[0040] Optical transceiver, used to indicate optical components, for sending and receiving signals to be transmitted;

[0041] PCIe bus is a high-speed serial bus standard used to connect various internal components of a computer. It is a new interface standard that replaces the traditional PCI bus, offering higher transmission speeds and bandwidth. PCIe bus is commonly used to connect high-bandwidth and high-speed devices such as graphics cards, network cards, hard drives, solid-state drives, and sound cards. Versions of the PCIe bus include PCIe 1.0, PCIe 2.0, PCIe 3.0, PCIe 4.0, and PCIe 5.0, each with different data transfer rates and bandwidths.

[0042] Types of optoelectronic transceivers; packaging types of optical components;

[0043] Adapter interface card, plug-in card device.

[0044] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a signal transmission method is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0045] The method embodiments provided in this disclosure can be executed in a mobile terminal, computer terminal, or similar computing device. Figure 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal (or mobile device) for implementing a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the computer terminal 10 (or mobile device) may include one or more processors 102 (shown as 102a, 102b, ..., 102n in the figure), wherein the processor 102 may include, but is not limited to, a processing device such as a microcontroller unit (MCU) or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a memory 104 for storing data, and a transmission device 106 for communication functions. In addition, it may also include: a display, an input / output interface (I / O interface), a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port (which may be included as one of the ports of the BUS bus), a network interface, a power supply, and / or a camera. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in Figure 1 is only illustrative and does not limit the structure of the above-described electronic device. For example, computer terminal 10 may also include more or fewer components than shown in FIG1, or have a different configuration than shown in FIG1.

[0046] It should be noted that the aforementioned one or more processors 102 and / or other data processing circuitry are generally referred to herein as "data processing circuitry". This data processing circuitry may be embodied, in whole or in part, in software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuitry may be a single, independent processing component, or may be integrated, in whole or in part, into any other element within the computer terminal 10 (or mobile device). As per the embodiments of this disclosure, the data processing circuitry serves as a processor control mechanism (e.g., selection of a variable resistor termination path connected to an interface).

[0047] The memory 104 can be used to store software programs and components of application software, such as the program instructions / data storage device corresponding to the method in the embodiments of this disclosure. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and components stored in the memory 104, thereby implementing the method in the above embodiments. The memory 104 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory 104 may further include a memory remotely located relative to the processor 102, which can be connected to the computer terminal 10 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0048] The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the network described above may include a wireless network provided by the communication provider of the computer terminal 10. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a Network Interface Controller (NIC), which can connect to other network devices via a base station to communicate with the Internet. In another example, the transmission device 106 may be a radio frequency (RF) component used for wireless communication with the Internet.

[0049] The display can be, for example, a touchscreen liquid crystal display (LCD), which allows the user to interact with the user interface of the computer terminal 10 (or mobile device).

[0050] The hardware structure block diagram shown in Figure 1 can serve as an exemplary block diagram not only for the aforementioned computer terminal 10 (or mobile device) but also for the aforementioned server. In an optional embodiment, Figure 2 illustrates an example of using the computer terminal 10 (or mobile device) shown in Figure 1 as a computing node in the computing environment 201. Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of a computing environment for implementing a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 2, the computing environment 201 includes multiple computing nodes (such as servers) running on a distributed network (shown as 210-1, 210-2, ... in the figure). Each computing node contains local processing and memory resources, and the end user 202 can remotely run applications or store data in the computing environment 201. Applications can be provided as multiple services 220-1, 220-2, 220-3, and 220-4 in the computing environment 201, representing services "A", "D", "E", and "H", respectively.

[0051] End user 202 can provide and access services through a web browser or other software application on a client. In some embodiments, the provisioning and / or requests of end user 202 can be provided to ingress gateway 230. Ingress gateway 230 may include a corresponding agent to handle the provisioning and / or requests for services (one or more services provided in computing environment 201).

[0052] Services are provided or deployed based on various virtualization technologies supported by the computing environment 201. In some embodiments, services may be provided based on virtual machine (VM)-based virtualization, container-based virtualization, and / or similar methods. VM-based virtualization can simulate a real computer by initializing a virtual machine, executing programs and applications without directly accessing any actual hardware resources. While the machine is virtualized by a virtual machine, container-based virtualization can launch containers to virtualize an entire operating system (OS), allowing multiple workloads to run on a single OS instance.

[0053] In one embodiment based on container virtualization, several containers of a service can be assembled into a container group called a Pod (e.g., a Kubernetes Pod). For example, as shown in Figure 2, service 220-2 can be equipped with one or more Pods 240-1, 240-2, ..., 240-N (collectively referred to as Pods). A Pod can include a proxy 245 and one or more containers 242-1, 242-2, ..., 242-M (collectively referred to as containers). One or more containers in a Pod handle requests related to one or more corresponding functions of the service. The proxy 245 typically controls service-related network functions such as routing and load balancing. Other services can also be equipped with similar container groups.

[0054] During operation, executing a user request from end user 202 may require calling one or more services in computing environment 201, and executing one or more functions of one service may require calling one or more functions of another service. As shown in Figure 2, service "A" 220-1 receives a user request from end user 202 from ingress gateway 230. Service "A" 220-1 can call service "D" 220-2, and service "D" 220-2 can request service "E" 220-3 to execute one or more functions.

[0055] The aforementioned computing environment can be a cloud computing environment, where resource allocation is managed by cloud services, allowing functionality development without needing to consider implementation, adjustment, or server scaling. This computing environment allows developers to execute event-responsive code without building or maintaining complex infrastructure. Services can be partitioned into a set of functions that can automatically and independently scale, rather than scaling a single hardware device to handle potential loads.

[0056] In another alternative embodiment, FIG3 illustrates, in block diagram, an example of using the computer terminal 10 (or mobile device) shown in FIG1 above as a service mesh. FIG3 is a structural block diagram of a service mesh according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG3, the service mesh 300 is mainly used to facilitate secure and reliable communication between multiple microservices. Microservices refer to decomposing an application into multiple smaller services or instances and distributing them across different clusters / machines.

[0057] As shown in Figure 3, a microservice may include application service instance B and application service instance C, which together form the functional application layer of service mesh 300. In one implementation, application service instance B runs as a container / process 308 on machine / workload container group 314 (Pod), and application service instance C runs as a container / process 310 on machine / workload container group 316 (Pod).

[0058] In one implementation, application service instance B can be a sending end service that sends signals to be transmitted, and application service instance B can be a receiving end service that receives signals to be transmitted.

[0059] As shown in Figure 3, application service instance B and grid proxy (sidecar) 303 coexist in machine workload container group 314, and application service instance C and grid proxy 305 coexist in machine workload container 316. Grid proxy 303 and grid proxy 305 form the data plane layer of service mesh 300. Grid proxy 303 and grid proxy 305 run as containers / processes 304 and 306 respectively, and can receive requests 312 for product query services. Grid proxy 303 and application service instance B can communicate bidirectionally, and grid proxy 305 and application service instance C can also communicate bidirectionally. Furthermore, grid proxy 303 and grid proxy 305 can also communicate bidirectionally with each other.

[0060] In one implementation, traffic from application service instance B is routed to the appropriate destination via mesh proxy 303, and network traffic from application service instance C is routed to the appropriate destination via mesh proxy 305. It should be noted that the network traffic mentioned above includes, but is not limited to, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Representational State Transfer (REST), high-performance, general-purpose open-source frameworks (Google Remote Procedure Call, gRPC), and open-source in-memory data structure storage systems (Redis).

[0061] In one implementation, the functionality of the extended data plane layer can be achieved by writing custom filters for the proxy (Envoy) in service mesh 300. The service mesh proxy configuration can enable the service mesh to correctly proxy service traffic, achieving service interoperability and service governance. Mesh proxies 303 and 305 can be configured to perform at least one of the following functions: service discovery, health checking, routing, load balancing, authentication and authorization, and observability.

[0062] As shown in Figure 3, the service mesh 300 also includes a control plane layer. This control plane layer can consist of a set of services running in a dedicated namespace, managed by a managed control plane component 301 within a machine / workload container group (Machine / Pod) 302. As shown in Figure 3, the managed control plane component 301 communicates bidirectionally with mesh agents 303 and 305. The managed control plane component 301 is configured to perform control and management functions. For example, it receives telemetry data from mesh agents 303 and 305 and can further aggregate this telemetry data. In addition to the aforementioned services, the managed control plane component 301 can also provide a user-facing Application Programming Interface (API) to facilitate easier manipulation of network behavior and provision of configuration data to mesh agents 303 and 305.

[0063] Under the above operating environment, this disclosure provides a signal transmission system as shown in FIG4. FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission system according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in FIG4, the signal transmission system 400 includes at least a transmitting end 401 and a receiving end 402.

[0064] Transmitter 401 is used to identify the signal to be transmitted and control the first optoelectronic transceiver to send the signal to the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe computer expansion bus standard. The optical fiber is used to connect the first optoelectronic transceiver and the second optoelectronic transceiver.

[0065] In this embodiment, the transmitting end can be the transmitting end (root complex, or RC) of a central processing unit (CPU). The signal to be transmitted can originate from the network resources of the CPU server. The first optoelectronic transceiver can be an optical component, capable of supporting signal transmission from several meters to several kilometers. The first optoelectronic transceiver can be inserted into the transmitting end via an add-in card (AIC).

[0066] For example, after the transmitting end identifies the signal to be transmitted in the CPU server, it can transmit the signal to be transmitted to the first opto-transceiver via the PCIe bus. Since the first opto-transceiver is connected to the second opto-transceiver via optical fiber, the first opto-transceiver can transmit the signal to be transmitted to the second opto-transceiver via optical fiber.

[0067] The receiver 402 is used to control the second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal to be transmitted via optical fiber through the corresponding PCIe bus, wherein the second optoelectronic transceiver is connected to the first optoelectronic transceiver via optical fiber.

[0068] In this embodiment, the receiving end can be the endpoint (EP) of a graphics processing unit (GPU). The second optoelectronic transceiver is the same as the first optoelectronic transceiver and can also be an optical component. As described above, the first optoelectronic transceiver can transmit the signal to be transmitted to the second optoelectronic transceiver via optical fiber. After the first optoelectronic transceiver transmits the signal to be transmitted to the second optoelectronic transceiver via optical fiber, the receiving end can control the second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal transmitted via optical fiber through the corresponding PCIe bus, thereby realizing the transmission of the signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end.

[0069] Optionally, the signal to be transmitted can be an auxiliary signal supported by the PCIe bus definition. For example, the reference clock signal REFCLK- / REFCLK+, the peripheral device reset signal PERST, and the device presence signal PRSNT. These are merely examples and do not limit the specific type of signal to be transmitted.

[0070] Optionally, on the PCIe bus, the first opto-transceiver at the transmitting end can be inserted into the transmitting host via an AIC to expand the performance of the transmitting end, and the second opto-transceiver at the receiving end can be inserted into the receiving host via an AIC to expand the performance of the receiving host. Connecting the first opto-transceiver and the second opto-transceiver via optical fiber can realize PCIe optical interconnect.

[0071] Optionally, the AIC mainly consists of a PCIe retimer chip and an optical connector. The PCIe retimer chip is used to restore the quality of high-speed differential signals; the PCIe devices at both ends are unaware of its presence. The optical connector is used to insert an optoelectronic transceiver.

[0072] Optionally, the signal transmission system 500 may also include: a transmitter 501, a receiver 502, a first opto-transceiver 503, a second opto-transceiver 504, and an optical fiber 505. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 5, the transmitter 501 is connected to the first opto-transceiver 503, and the receiver 502 is connected to the second opto-transceiver 504. The first opto-transceiver 503 of the transmitter 501 and the second opto-transceiver 504 of the receiver 502 are connected via an optical fiber 505. Based on this, the transmitter 501 transmits the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber 505 through the first opto-transceiver 503, and then receives the signal to be transmitted from the optical fiber 505 through the second opto-transceiver 504 of the receiver 502, thereby realizing the transmission of the signal to be transmitted from the transmitter 501 to the receiver 502.

[0073] In the aforementioned signal transmission system, because optical fiber has a much longer transmission distance than coaxial cable, using optical fiber as the transmission medium can support signal transmission from several meters to several kilometers, making the application scenarios unrestricted. Furthermore, the signal to be transmitted can be transmitted between the transmitting and receiving ends via optical fiber using only two optoelectronic transceivers, making the application scenarios more flexible and supporting large-scale networking. It has significant application value for pooled applications, achieving the technical effect of reducing the signal transmission limitations of the signal transmission system, thereby solving the technical problem of the significant limitations in signal transmission in signal transmission systems.

[0074] The signal transmission system will now be described in more detail.

[0075] As an optional implementation, the first optoelectronic transceiver is of the same type as the optoelectronic transceiver used in the data center; and / or, the second optoelectronic transceiver is of the same type as the optoelectronic transceiver used in the data center.

[0076] In this embodiment, as described above, both the first and / or second optoelectronic transceivers can be optical components, and the types of the first and / or second optoelectronic transceivers are used to indicate the packaging type of the optical components. It should be noted that optoelectronic transceivers in data centers can also be optical components, and the data center can be a currently mainstream data center. For example, a data center Ethernet; this is merely an example and does not limit the specific type of data center.

[0077] For example, the package type of the first optoelectronic transceiver can directly reuse the package type of the optical components deployed in current mainstream data centers. Similarly, the package type of the second optoelectronic transceiver can also directly reuse the package type of the optical components deployed in current mainstream data centers. The package types of the optical components deployed in current mainstream data centers include, but are not limited to: Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP(X4)), Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Double Density (QSFP-DD(X8)), Octal Small Form-factor Pluggable (OSFP(X8)), and Extended Density Octal Small Form-factor Pluggable (OSFP-XD(X16)). These are merely illustrative examples and do not limit the package type of the optical components. Since they can be directly reused, the type of the first optoelectronic transceiver is the same as the type of optoelectronic transceiver in the data center; and / or, the type of the second optoelectronic transceiver is the same as the type of optoelectronic transceiver in the data center.

[0078] As an optional implementation, the hardware pin definition information of the first optoelectronic transceiver and / or the hardware pin definition information of the second optoelectronic transceiver are standard pin definition information in a data center.

[0079] In this embodiment, as described above, since the package types of the first and / or second optoelectronic transceivers are the same as those of optical components in a data center, their hardware pin definition information is consistent with the standard pin definition information of optical components in a data center. That is, the hardware pin definition information of the first and / or second optoelectronic transceivers is the standard pin definition information in a data center.

[0080] As an optional implementation, FIG6 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG6, the signal transmission system 600 further includes: a first adapter interface card 606 and a second adapter interface card 607. The first adapter interface card 606 is connected to a first optoelectronic transceiver 603 through a corresponding optical port connector, and is used to control the first optoelectronic transceiver 603 to transmit the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber 605 through the PCIe bus corresponding to the transmitting end 601, so as to receive the signal to be transmitted transmitted by the optical fiber 605 through the second optoelectronic transceiver 604 of the receiving end 602; and / or, the second adapter interface card 607 is connected to the second optoelectronic transceiver 604 through a corresponding optical port connector, and is used to receive the signal to be transmitted transmitted by the second optoelectronic transceiver 604.

[0081] In this embodiment, the first adapter interface card can be an AIC (Alternating Interface Card). The first adapter interface card can be inserted into the transmitter's host to expand the transmitter's functionality. The first adapter interface card includes at least an optical port connector, through which it can connect to a first optoelectronic transceiver.

[0082] Optionally, the second adapter interface card is identical to the first adapter interface card, or it can be an AIC. The second adapter interface card can be inserted into the host of the receiving end to expand the functionality of the receiving end. The second adapter includes at least an optical port connector, through which the second adapter can connect to a second optoelectronic transceiver.

[0083] Optionally, the first adapter interface card is used to connect the first optoelectronic transceiver through a corresponding optical port connector, and the first adapter is plugged into the transmitting end. That is, the first optoelectronic transceiver is connected to the transmitting end through the first adapter interface card. Based on this, when the transmitting end controls the first optoelectronic transceiver to send the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber through the corresponding PCIe bus, it can control the first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber through the first adapter interface card and the PCIe bus.

[0084] Optionally, since the second adapter interface card is used to connect the second optoelectronic transceiver through the corresponding optical port connector, and the second adapter is plugged into the receiving end, that is, the second optoelectronic transceiver is connected to the receiving end through the second adapter interface card. Because the first optoelectronic transceiver is connected to the second optoelectronic transceiver through an optical fiber, based on this, when the signal to be transmitted is transmitted through the first optoelectronic transceiver to the optical fiber and received by the second optoelectronic transceiver, the second adapter receiving card can receive the signal to be transmitted through the optical port connector.

[0085] As an optional implementation, in response to the signal transmission system including a first adapter interface card 606 and a second adapter interface card 607, as shown in FIG6, the signal transmission system 600 further includes a first PCIe slot 608 and a second PCIe slot 609. The first PCIe slot 608 is connected to a first optoelectronic transceiver 603 via the first adapter interface card 606, and is used to synchronize with the processor via a differential signal in the signal to be transmitted, wherein the differential signal is controlled by an independent clock; the second PCIe slot 609 is connected to a second optoelectronic transceiver 604 via the second adapter interface card 607, and is used to synchronize with the processor via a differential signal in the signal to be transmitted.

[0086] In this embodiment, the first PCIe slot provides high-speed data transmission and higher bandwidth, enabling faster data transfer rates and higher performance. The differential signal can be the REFCLK- / REFCLK+ signal, and the processor can be a processor system.

[0087] For example, PCIe slots use differential signals to synchronize with the processor system. According to the PCIe bus definition, when the first PCIe slot is connected to the first optoelectronic transceiver through the first adapter interface card, it can directly use the REFCLK+ and REFCLK- signals provided by the PCIe slot, or use an independent reference clock. The reference clock can be limited to the range of 100MHz±300ppm to ensure the stability and accuracy of the signal to be transmitted, thereby ensuring that the differential signal in the signal to be transmitted is synchronized with the processor system.

[0088] Optionally, the second PCIe slot is similar to the first PCIe slot. The second PCIe slot is connected to the second optoelectronic transceiver via a second adapter interface card and is used to synchronize with the processor through differential signals in the signal to be transmitted.

[0089] As an optional implementation, as shown in FIG6, the signal transmission system 600 further includes: a first PCIe device 610 and a second PCIe device 611. The first PCIe device 610 is connected to a first PCIe slot 608 and is used to receive differential signals or clock signals provided by the first PCIe slot 608; the second PCIe device 611 is connected to a second PCIe slot 609 and is used to receive differential signals or clock signals provided by the second PCIe slot 609.

[0090] In this embodiment, the first PCIe device is used to receive a differential signal or clock signal provided by the first PCIe slot, and to restore the signal quality of the differential signal or clock signal. The clock signal can be an independent clock signal.

[0091] Optionally, the second PCIe device is used to receive a differential signal or clock signal provided by the second PCIe slot and to restore the quality of the differential signal or clock signal.

[0092] As an optional implementation, the processor is used to provide a global reset signal from the signals to be transmitted to the first PCIe slot and the first PCIe device respectively. The global reset signal on the first PCIe device is used to perform a reset operation on the first PCIe device. The global reset signal on the first PCIe slot is transmitted via a timing chip and the hardware pins of the first optoelectronic transceiver to perform a hardware reset operation on the hardware pins of the first optoelectronic transceiver. After the reset, the optical channel of the first optoelectronic transceiver is in a non-emitting state.

[0093] In this embodiment, the global reset signal can be a PERST signal. The processor provides the global reset signal from the signals to be transmitted to the first PCIe slot and the first PCIe device. When the global reset signal is valid, the first PCIe device can use the global reset signal to perform a reset operation to reset its internal logic.

[0094] For example, when the global reset signal is low, it is determined to be a valid signal, and the first PCIe device uses this signal to perform a reset operation. Conversely, when the global reset signal is high, it is determined to be an invalid signal, and the first PCIe device does not perform a reset operation.

[0095] Optionally, the timing chip can be a PCIe retimer chip. The global reset signal on the first PCIe slot is transmitted via the PCIe retimer chip and the hardware pins of the first optoelectronic transceiver. The hardware pins of the first optoelectronic transceiver can be the Reset pins of the optical component. When the first PCIe slot receives the global reset signal from the transmitting end's signal to be transmitted, it can perform a hardware reset operation on the hardware pins of the first optoelectronic transceiver. This hardware reset operation can be a hardware Reset operation. After the reset, none of the optical channels of the first optoelectronic transceiver will emit light; that is, they will all be in a non-emitting state.

[0096] As an optional implementation, the second optoelectronic transceiver is used to perform a software reset operation in response to detecting that the optical channel is in a non-emitting state, wherein the level of the hardware pin of the second optoelectronic transceiver is pulled low.

[0097] In this embodiment, when the second optoelectronic transceiver at the receiving end detects that no light is being received from any of the optical channels, it automatically initiates a software reset operation. This software reset operation can be a software reset operation on the optical component, which pulls the level of the Reset pin of the second optoelectronic transceiver low, thus placing the hardware pin of the second optoelectronic transceiver in a low-level state.

[0098] Optionally, when the second PCIe slot detects that the hardware pin of the second opto-transceiver is in a low-level state, an internal logic reset operation can be performed.

[0099] As an optional implementation, the second optoelectronic transceiver is also used to acquire the time interval from disconnection to recovery of the lost optical signal RXLOS at the receiving end corresponding to the non-emitting state, and in response to the time interval reaching a time threshold, to determine that a global reset signal triggers the non-emitting state.

[0100] In this embodiment, the firmware in the second optoelectronic transceiver can be the optical component firmware, that is, the software program built into the optoelectronic transceiver device. The firmware in the second optoelectronic transceiver at the receiving end detects the time interval between the receive loss of signal (RXLOS) action (e.g., assert) and the recovery action (e.g., de-assert), and determines whether the signal loss is caused by the global reset signal PERST based on this time interval.

[0101] For example, since the global reset signal PERST has a short operation time, the signal loss at the receiver can be determined by analyzing the time interval from disconnection to recovery of the lost optical signal RXLOS (Recovery Loss at Receiver). For instance, if assert and de-assert each occur once within 1 second, and each only occurs once within 2 seconds, then the RXLOS is considered to be caused by the global reset signal PERST. Otherwise, it's considered an RXLOS caused by other scenarios. This is merely an example and does not limit the specific scenarios that cause RXLOS.

[0102] As an optional implementation, the signal to be transmitted includes a first in-situ signal and a second in-situ signal, wherein the first in-situ signal is a low-level signal and the second in-situ signal is a high-level signal.

[0103] In this embodiment, the first presence signal is a low-level signal, that is, the first presence signal is grounded. This first presence signal can be the PRSNT1# signal, and the second presence signal is a high-level signal. For example, the second presence signal can be connected to a high level through a pull-up resistor, and this second presence signal can be the PRSNT2# signal. In the first and second opto-transceivers based on the PCIe bus, the PRSNT1# and PRSNT2# signals are directly connected. In the processor motherboard, the PRSNT1# signal is grounded, while the PRSNT2# signal is connected to a high level through a pull-up resistor. That is, when the first opto-transceiver is inserted into the first PCIe slot and the second opto-transceiver is inserted into the second PCIe slot, the transmitting end can determine that the receiving end is present, thereby triggering the signal transmission system to enter the link training state. Although, in the actual signal transmission process, the transmitting end cannot truly perceive the presence status of the receiving end, it does not affect the operation of the link training state.

[0104] As an optional implementation, the first PCIe slot is directly inserted into the first optoelectronic transceiver, and the second PCIe slot is directly inserted into the second optoelectronic transceiver.

[0105] In this embodiment, the first PCIe slot can directly accommodate the first optoelectronic transceiver; that is, the first PCIe slot can accommodate the first optoelectronic transceiver without a first adapter interface card. Similarly, the second PCIe slot can directly accommodate the second optoelectronic transceiver; that is, the second PCIe slot can accommodate the second optoelectronic transceiver without a second adapter interface card. In other words, the signal transmission system does not require a first adapter interface card and a second adapter interface card, saving equipment space and manufacturing costs.

[0106] As an optional real-time method, the number of interfaces on the first adapter interface card is matched to the type of the first optoelectronic transceiver, and / or the number of interfaces on the second adapter interface card is matched to the type of the second optoelectronic transceiver.

[0107] In this embodiment, the number of interfaces on the first adapter interface card indicates the number of interfaces on the AIC optical component. The number of interfaces on the first adapter interface card matches the type of the first optoelectronic transceiver; that is, the number of interfaces on the first adapter interface card can be determined based on the type of the first optoelectronic transceiver. Similarly, the number of interfaces on the second adapter interface card also indicates the number of interfaces on the AIC optical component. The number of interfaces on the second adapter interface card matches the type of the second optoelectronic transceiver; that is, the number of interfaces on the second adapter interface card can be determined based on the type of the second optoelectronic transceiver.

[0108] For example, high-speed PCIe typically uses all x16 lanes. Therefore, by considering the number of high-speed differential signal channels in different high-speed optical component packages: QSFP (x4), QSFP-DD (x8), OSFP (x8), and OSFP-XD (x16), the number of interfaces of the optical components that the AIC needs to be designed with can be determined. For instance, if using OSFP optical components, the AIC needs to support two OSFP ports; if using OSFP-XD optical components, the AIC needs to support one OSFP-XD port. This is merely an example and does not limit the specific method for determining the number of interfaces of optical components.

[0109] In the aforementioned signal transmission system, a first optoelectronic transceiver at the transmitting end and a second optoelectronic transceiver at the receiving end are connected via optical fiber. The first optoelectronic transceiver at the transmitting end transmits the signal to be transmitted onto the optical fiber, and the second optoelectronic transceiver at the receiving end receives the signal transmitted through the optical fiber, thus realizing the transmission of the signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end. Since the transmission distance of optical fiber is much longer than that of coaxial cable, using optical fiber as the transmission medium can support signal transmission from several meters to several kilometers, making the application scenarios unrestricted. Moreover, the signal to be transmitted can be transmitted between the transmitting and receiving ends via optical fiber using only two optoelectronic transceivers, making the application scenarios more flexible, supporting large-scale networking, and having great application value for pooled applications. This reduces the signal transmission limitations of the signal transmission system and solves the technical problem of significant signal transmission limitations in signal transmission systems.

[0110] In the above operating environment, this disclosure also provides a signal transmission system as shown in FIG7. FIG7 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in FIG7, the signal transmission system 700 includes: a transmitting end 701 in a first server and a receiving end 702 in a second server.

[0111] The transmitter 701 in the first server is used to identify the signal to be transmitted from the network resources to be deployed in the content generation scenario, and control the first optoelectronic transceiver 703 to send the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber 705 through the corresponding computer expansion bus standard PCIe bus.

[0112] The receiver 702 in the second server is used to control the second optoelectronic transceiver 704 to receive the signal to be transmitted by the optical fiber 705 via the corresponding PCIe bus. The second optoelectronic transceiver 704 is connected to the first optoelectronic transceiver 703 via the optical fiber 705. The signal to be transmitted is used to deploy network resources on the second server.

[0113] In this embodiment, the first server can be a CPU server, and the second server can be a GPU server. The content generation scenario refers to the Artificial Intelligence and Global Challenges (AIGC) scenario. Network resources refer to either CPU resources or GPU resources. Optical fiber connects the first optoelectronic transceiver in the transmitting end of the first server to the second optoelectronic transceiver in the receiving end of the second server.

[0114] For example, after identifying the signal to be transmitted for CPU and / or GPU resources in the AIGC scenario, the transmitting end in the first server controls the first optoelectronic transceiver to send the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe bus. Since the optical fiber connects the first optoelectronic transceiver and the second optoelectronic transceiver, the optical fiber can transmit the signal to be transmitted by the first optoelectronic transceiver to the second optoelectronic transceiver in the receiving end of the second server. After receiving the signal, the second optoelectronic transceiver can transmit the signal to be transmitted to the receiving end of the second server via the corresponding PCIe bus, for deployment of CPU and / or GPU resources on the second server.

[0115] In this signal transmission system, a first optoelectronic transceiver in the transmitting end of the first server and a second optoelectronic transceiver in the receiving end of the second server are connected via optical fiber. The signal to be transmitted is then transmitted to the optical fiber via the first optoelectronic transceiver, and the signal transmitted via the optical fiber is received by the second optoelectronic transceiver, thus realizing the transmission of the signal from the transmitting end in the first server to the receiving end in the second server. Since the transmission distance of optical fiber is much longer than that of coaxial cable, using optical fiber as the transmission medium can support signal transmission from several meters to several kilometers, with no limitations on application scenarios. Moreover, the signal to be transmitted can be transmitted between the transmitting and receiving ends via optical fiber using only two optoelectronic transceivers, making the application scenarios more flexible and supporting large-scale networking. It has great application value for pooled applications, reduces the signal transmission limitations of the signal transmission system, and solves the technical problem of significant signal transmission limitations in signal transmission systems.

[0116] In the above operating environment, this disclosure provides a signal transmission method as shown in Figure 8, applied to a transmitting end corresponding to a receiving end. The transmitting end corresponds to a first optoelectronic transceiver, and the receiving end corresponds to a second optoelectronic transceiver, with the second optoelectronic transceiver and the first optoelectronic transceiver connected via optical fiber. Figure 8 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the method including the following steps:

[0117] Step S801: Identify the signal to be transmitted.

[0118] In the technical solution provided in step S801 of this disclosure, the sending end can be a sending end in a CPU server, and the sending end can identify the signal to be transmitted in the network resources in the AIGC scenario. The signal to be transmitted is used to transmit to the receiving end, and network resources are deployed at the receiving end.

[0119] For example, the signal to be transmitted may include REFCLK- / REFCLK+ signals, PERST signals, and PRSNT signals. This is only an example and does not limit the signal to be transmitted.

[0120] In step S802, the first optoelectronic transceiver is controlled to send the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber via the corresponding computer expansion bus standard PCIe bus.

[0121] In the technical solution provided in step S802 of this disclosure, after the transmitting end identifies the signal to be transmitted, it can control the first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit the signal to the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe bus. The first optoelectronic transceiver can be an optical component, and the optical fiber is used to connect the first optoelectronic transceiver at the transmitting end and the second optoelectronic transceiver at the receiving end, for transmitting the signal to be transmitted from the first optoelectronic transceiver to the second optoelectronic transceiver.

[0122] In steps S801 to S802 above, the transmitting end transmits the signal to be transmitted through optical fiber, which greatly improves the signal transmission rate. Moreover, since optical fiber can support signal transmission from several meters to several kilometers, using optical fiber as the transmission medium reduces the limitations of signal transmission, thereby solving the technical problem of large limitations in signal transmission.

[0123] In the above operating environment, this disclosure provides a signal transmission method as shown in Figure 9, applied to a receiving end corresponding to a transmitting end. The transmitting end corresponds to a first optoelectronic transceiver, and the receiving end corresponds to a second optoelectronic transceiver, with the second optoelectronic transceiver and the first optoelectronic transceiver connected via optical fiber. Figure 9 is a flowchart of another signal transmission method according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the method including the following steps:

[0124] Step S901: Determine the PCIe standard computer expansion bus corresponding to the receiving end.

[0125] In the technical solution provided in step S901 of this disclosure, the receiving end corresponds to a PCIe bus. Based on this, the receiving end can determine the corresponding PCIe bus. The PCIe bus is a high-speed serial bus standard used to connect internal hardware devices.

[0126] In step S902, the second optoelectronic transceiver is controlled to receive the signal to be transmitted via optical fiber through the corresponding PCIe bus.

[0127] In the technical solution provided in step S902 of this disclosure, after the receiving end determines the corresponding PCIe bus in step S701, it can control the second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber through the PCIe bus. The signal to be transmitted is identified by the transmitting end, and the first optoelectronic transceiver is controlled to transmit it onto the optical fiber through the PCIe bus corresponding to the transmitting end.

[0128] In steps S901 to S902 above, since the optical fiber connects the first opto-transceiver at the transmitting end and the second opto-transceiver at the receiving end, the receiving end can control the second opto-transceiver to receive the signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber through the corresponding PCIe bus. Because optical fiber can support signal transmission from several meters to several kilometers, using optical fiber as the transmission medium reduces the limitations of signal transmission and solves the technical problem of significant signal transmission limitations.

[0129] The technical solutions of the present disclosure embodiments are illustrated below with reference to preferred embodiments.

[0130] Currently, with the rise of AIGC and other artificial intelligence applications, a large number of CPU and GPU resources need to be deployed. Currently, the PCIe bus between CPU servers and GPU servers, or between GPU servers, uses copper cables as the primary transmission medium. However, with the increase in PCIe speed, the transmission distance of copper cables is becoming shorter and shorter. Before PCIe 4.0, the transmission distance of copper cables could reach tens of meters, but in the PCIe 6.0 era, the transmission distance of copper cables is expected to not exceed 2 meters (m). In the future, the transmission distance of PCIe 7.0 and beyond will be even shorter, making it difficult to achieve the demand for large-scale interconnect pooling, and presenting significant technical problems in signal transmission.

[0131] However, this disclosure provides a signal transmission method that uses optical fiber instead of copper cable as the signal transmission medium. Optical components are simultaneously installed at both the signal transmitting and receiving ends, and these components are connected via optical fiber. Using this method, when the signal transmitting end detects a signal to be transmitted, it can control the transmission of the signal to be transmitted through the corresponding PCIe bus to the optical component at the signal receiving end. The receiving end then controls the optical component to receive the signal through the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe bus. Network resources can then be deployed based on the transmitted signal. Using optical fiber as the transmission medium, signal transmission from a few meters to several kilometers can be supported, with no limitations on application scenarios. Furthermore, only two optical components are needed to transmit the signal between the transmitting and receiving ends via optical fiber, making the application scenarios more flexible and supporting large-scale networking. This has significant application value for pooled applications, reducing the signal transmission limitations of traditional signal transmission systems and solving the technical problem of significant signal transmission limitations in traditional signal transmission systems.

[0132] The following section introduces the transmission rates of PCIe single lanes and data center Ethernet under different PCIe versions.

[0133] Table 1 is a comparison table of the transmission rate of a single PCIe channel and the transmission rate of a single Ethernet channel in a data center according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Table 1, PCIe 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 require the use of Ethernet optical components that support a single channel of 10G NRZ for transmission, PCIe 4.0 requires the use of Ethernet optical components that support a single channel of 25G NRZ for transmission, and PCIe 5.0 and 6.0 require the use of Ethernet optical components that support a single channel of 56G Baud for transmission.

[0134] Table 1 Comparison of PCIe single-channel transmission rate and Ethernet single-channel transmission rate

[0135] The signal transmission system used to implement the signal transmission method will be further introduced next.

[0136] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 10, the signal transmission system 1000 includes: a first transmitting end 1001, a first receiving end 1002, a transmitting end card-type device 1003, a receiving end card-type device 1004, a first transmitting end optical component 1005, a first receiving end optical component 1006, and a first optical fiber 1007. The first transmitting end 1001 is connected to the transmitting end card-type device 1003, the first receiving end 1002 is connected to the receiving end card-type device 1004, the transmitting end card-type device 1003 is connected to the first transmitting end optical component 1005, the receiving end card-type device 1004 is connected to the first receiving end optical component 1006, and the first transmitting end optical component 1005 and the first receiving end optical component 1006 are connected via the first optical fiber 1007.

[0137] Optionally, as shown in FIG10, the first transmitting end 1001 further includes a first transmitting end host 10011, and the transmitting end card-type device 1003 can be inserted into the first transmitting end host 10011. The first receiving end 1002 further includes a first receiving end host 10021, and the receiving end card-type device 1004 can be inserted into the first receiving end host 10021.

[0138] Optionally, as shown in FIG10, the transmitting end plug-in device 1003 further includes a first connector 10031, a transmitting end retimer 10032, and a second connector 10033, wherein the first connector 10031 and the second connector 10033 can be optical port connectors, and the transmitting end retimer 10032 is used to restore the quality of high-speed differential signals. The first connector 10031 is used to connect the transmitting end plug-in device 1003 to the first transmitting end host 10011 to expand the host's functionality, and the second connector 10033 is used to connect the first transmitting end optical component 1005 to the transmitting end plug-in device 1003.

[0139] Optionally, as shown in FIG10, the receiver card-type device 1004 further includes a third connector 10041, a receiver retimer 10042, and a fourth connector 10043, wherein the third connector 10041 is used to connect the receiver card-type device 1004 to the first receiver host 10021, and the fourth connector 10043 is used to connect the first receiver optical component 1006 to the receiver card-type device 1004.

[0140] Optionally, the transmitting end can be the transmitting end (Root complex, or RC end) in the CPU server. The receiving end can be the EP end in the GPU server. Both the transmitting end and receiving end plug-in devices can be AICs, and optical components can be inserted into AICs to achieve optical interconnection.

[0141] This signal transmission system achieves long-distance applications by replacing coaxial cables with fiber optic transmission. It directly reuses the gold finger definition of high-speed Ethernet optical components in data centers, allowing for identical AIC designs and optical component designs on both the PCIe transmitter and receiver sides simply by adding a single feature to the optical component firmware. This eliminates the need for two separate designs, simplifying design and deployment complexity. Furthermore, since fiber optics support transmission distances from several meters to several kilometers, the transmission distance using fiber optics as the transmission medium is significantly longer than that of traditional coaxial cables, expanding application scenarios and solving the technical problem of limited signal transmission application scenarios.

[0142] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a PCIe link in an AIC insertion scenario according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 11, the PCIe AIC gold finger of the transmitting end is connected to the gold finger of the optical component, and the PCIe AIC gold finger of the receiving end is connected to the gold finger of the optical component. The transmitting end and the receiving end establish a connection relationship through a laser and a photodiode.

[0143] Optionally, the auxiliary signals supported by the PCIe bus in the signal transmission system may include: REFCLK- / REFCLK+ signals, PERST signals, and PRSNT signals. This is only an example and does not limit the auxiliary signals supported by the PCIe bus.

[0144] The following section will further introduce the applications of REFCLK- / REFCLK+ signals, PERST signals, and PRSNT signals in fiber optic transmission scenarios.

[0145] Optionally, for the REFCLK- / REFCLK+ signals, the PCIe slot uses the REFCLK- / REFCLK+ signals to synchronize with the processor system. According to the PCIe bus definition, when a PCIe device is connected to a PCIe slot as an AIC, it can directly use the REFCLK+ and REFCLK- signals provided by the PCIe slot, or it can use an independent reference clock, as long as the reference clock is within the range of 100MHz ± 300ppm. The purpose of limiting the reference clock to the 100MHz ± 300ppm range is to ensure signal stability and accuracy, thereby guaranteeing synchronization between the PCIe device and the processor system.

[0146] Optionally, the PERST signal is a global reset signal provided by the processor system. The processor system needs to provide this global reset signal to the PCIe slot and PCIe device. The PCIe device uses this signal to reset its internal logic. When this signal is low, it is considered valid, and the PCIe device can perform a reset operation. Conversely, when this signal is high, the PCIe device does not perform a reset operation.

[0147] Optionally, to enable the optical component to transmit the PERST signal, the PERST signal on the PCIe slot is simultaneously connected to both the PCIe retimer chip and the optical component's Reset pin. When the transmitting end RC initiates the PERST signal, the optical component simultaneously performs a hardware reset. In this case, all optical channels of the optical component will not emit light. After the receiving end EP port optical component detects that none of the optical channels are receiving light, it automatically initiates a software reset operation, synchronously synchronizing the Reset state to the Reset hardware pin. At this time, the optical component's hardware Reset pin level will be pulled low, changing the input signal to an output signal. The receiving end EP PCIe slot detects the PERST level being pulled low, thereby performing an internal logic reset. The EP-side optical component firmware determines whether the RXLOS is caused by PERST by detecting the assert and de-assert times of RXLOS.

[0148] For example, because the PERST operation time is short, if assert and de-assert each occur once within 1 second (s) and only once within 2 seconds, then it is considered to be RXLOS caused by PERST; otherwise, it is RXLOS caused by other scenarios.

[0149] Regarding the PRSNT signal, in a PCIe-based AIC, PRSNT1# and PRSNT2# signals are directly connected. However, in the processor motherboard, PRSNT1# is grounded, while PRSNT2# is pulled high via a pull-up resistor. This means that after the AIC is inserted into the PCIe slot, the transmitting end RC can determine that the receiving end EP is present, thus triggering the system software to enter the link training state. Although the transmitting end RC cannot truly sense the presence status of the receiving end EP, it does not affect the operation of the link training state.

[0150] Optionally, commonly used high-speed optical component package types include: QSFP (X4), QSFP-DD (X8), OSFP (X8), and OSFP-XD (X16). Among these, QSFP supports the following low-speed pins: LPMode / TxDis, IntL / RxLOS, ModPrsL, ResetL, and ModSeIL; OSFP supports the following low-speed pins: INT / RSTn and LPWn / PRSn. These pins can be used to control the component's operating mode and detect optical transmission status, among other functions.

[0151] Optionally, compared with the auxiliary signals REFCLK- / REFCLK+, PERST (reset), and PRSNT (present) signals that the PCIe bus definition must support, the optical component supports ResetL / RSTn (reset) and ModPrsL / PRSn (present) signals, which can be directly connected to the pins of the PCIe slot. The REFCLK- / REFCLK+ signals can use independent clocks and do not need to be transparently transmitted from the RC to the EP. Therefore, all three auxiliary signals can be used in fiber optic transmission scenarios.

[0152] Optionally, high-speed PCIe typically utilizes all x16 lanes. Therefore, considering the number of high-speed differential signal channels in different high-speed optical component packages: QSFP (x4), QSFP-DD (x8), OSFP (x8), and OSFP-XD (x16), the number of optical component interfaces required for the AIC can be determined. For example, if using OSFP optical components, the AIC needs to support two OSFP ports; if using OSFP-XD optical components, the AIC needs to support one OSFP-XD port.

[0153] This disclosure also provides another signal transmission system in which the PCIe slot directly houses the optical components, meaning that neither the transmitting nor receiving end requires the installation of an AIC. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 12, the signal transmission system 1200 includes: a second transmitting end 1201, a second receiving end 1202, a fifth connector 1203, a sixth connector 1204, a second transmitting end optical component 1205, a second receiving end optical component 1206, and a second optical fiber 1207. The second optical fiber 1207 is used to connect the second transmitting end optical component 1205 and the second receiving end optical component 1206. As shown in Figure 12, the second transmitting end 1201 further includes a second transmitting end host 12011, and the second receiving end 1202 further includes a second receiving end host 12021.

[0154] As shown in Figure 12, the second transmitting optical component 1205 can be directly inserted into the second transmitting host 12011, and the second receiving optical component 1205 can also be directly inserted into the second receiving host 12021.

[0155] Optionally, Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a direct-insertion optical component scenario according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 13, the PCIe retimer chip needs to be built into the optical component, and the PCIe gold fingers are directly connected to the optical component gold fingers. The processing methods for the PCIe REFCLK- / REFCLK+ signals, PERST signals, and PRSNT signals are basically the same as in the scenario with an AIC. The REFCLK- / REFCLK+ signals still use independent clocks; the ResetL / RSTn (reset) and ModPrsL / PRSn (present) gold fingers of the optical component are directly connected to the PERST and PRSNT gold fingers of the PCIe slot. It should be noted that after the PCIe retimer is placed inside the optical component, the above-mentioned PCIe optical component cannot be used interchangeably with optical components in data communication scenarios because the PCIe rate is different from the rate of Ethernet optical components commonly used in data centers. The PCIe retimer only allows differential signals with the same rate as PCIe to pass through. In other words, PCIe optical components cannot be used in Ethernet scenarios, and Ethernet optical components cannot be used in PCIe scenarios.

[0156] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this disclosure are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. Furthermore, the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions, and corresponding operation portals are provided for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0157] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this disclosure is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to this disclosure, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and components involved are not necessarily essential to this disclosure.

[0158] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, they can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this disclosure, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium, such as read-only memory (ROM) / random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, optical disk, and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0159] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a signal transmission device for implementing the above-described signal transmission method is also provided. FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG14, the signal transmission device 1400 includes: an identification component 1401 and a first control component 1402.

[0160] Identification component 1401 is used to identify the signal to be transmitted.

[0161] The first control component 1402 is used to control the first optoelectronic transceiver to send the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber via the corresponding computer expansion bus standard PCIe bus, wherein the signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber is received by the receiving end via the corresponding PCIe bus controlled by the second optoelectronic transceiver.

[0162] It should be noted that the identification component 1401 and the first control component 1402 correspond to steps S801 to S802 in the above embodiments. The two components and the corresponding steps implement the same instances and application scenarios, but are not limited to the content disclosed in the above embodiments. It should be noted that the above components or components may be hardware components or software components stored in memory (e.g., memory 104) and processed by one or more processors (e.g., processors 102a, 102b, ..., 102n). The above components may also be part of the device and run in the computer terminal 10 provided in the embodiment.

[0163] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a signal transmission device for implementing the above-described signal transmission method is also provided. FIG15 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG15, the signal transmission device 1500 includes: a determining component 1501 and a second control component 1502.

[0164] Component 1501 is used to determine the PCIe standard computer expansion bus corresponding to the receiving end;

[0165] The second control component 1502 is used to control the second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal to be transmitted from the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe bus. The signal to be transmitted is identified by the transmitting end and the first optoelectronic transceiver is controlled to transmit it to the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe bus of the transmitting end.

[0166] It should be noted that the aforementioned determining component 1501 and the second control component 1502 correspond to steps S901 to S902 in the above embodiments. The two components and the corresponding steps implement the same instances and application scenarios, but are not limited to the content disclosed in the above embodiments. It should be noted that the aforementioned components or components may be hardware or software components stored in memory (e.g., memory 104) and processed by one or more processors (e.g., processors 102a, 102b, ..., 102n). The aforementioned components may also be part of the device and can run in the computer terminal 10 provided in the embodiment.

[0167] It should be noted that the preferred embodiments involved in the above embodiments of this disclosure are the same as the solutions, application scenarios and implementation processes provided in the above embodiments, but are not limited to the solutions provided in the above embodiments.

[0168] Embodiments of this disclosure can provide an electronic device, which can be any one of a group of electronic devices. Optionally, in this embodiment, the aforementioned electronic device can also be replaced with a terminal device such as a mobile terminal.

[0169] Optionally, in this embodiment, the aforementioned electronic device may be located in at least one of a plurality of network devices in a computer network.

[0170] In this embodiment, the computer terminal described above can execute program code in the signal transmission method.

[0171] Optionally, FIG16 is a structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG16, the electronic device may include: one or more (only one is shown in the figure) processors 1602, memory 1604, memory controller, and peripheral interface, wherein the peripheral interface is connected to radio frequency components, audio components, and a display.

[0172] The memory can be used to store software programs and components, such as the program instructions / components corresponding to the methods and apparatus in the embodiments of this disclosure. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and components stored in the memory, thereby implementing the methods in the above embodiments. The memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory may further include a memory remotely located relative to the processor, which can be connected to the electronic device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0173] The processor can access the information and application programs stored in the memory via the transmission device to perform the following steps: identify the signal to be transmitted; control the first optoelectronic transceiver to send the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe computer expansion bus standard, wherein the signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber is received by the receiving end via the corresponding PCIe bus controlled by the second optoelectronic transceiver.

[0174] Optionally, the processor may also execute program code for the following steps: determining the PCIe standard bus corresponding to the receiving end; controlling the second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber through the corresponding PCIe bus, wherein the signal to be transmitted is identified by the transmitting end and controlled by the first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit it to the optical fiber through the PCIe bus corresponding to the transmitting end.

[0175] This disclosure provides a signal transmission method. A transmitting end and a receiving end are connected via optical fiber. A first opto-transmitter at the transmitting end transmits the signal to be transmitted onto the optical fiber, and a second opto-transmitter at the receiving end receives the signal transmitted through the optical fiber, thus realizing the transmission of the signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end. Since the transmission distance of optical fiber is much longer than that of coaxial cable, using optical fiber as the transmission medium can support signal transmission from several meters to several kilometers, with no limitations on application scenarios. Moreover, only two opto-transmitters are needed to transmit the signal between the transmitting and receiving ends via optical fiber, making the application scenarios more flexible and supporting large-scale networking. It has great application value for pooled applications, reduces the signal transmission limitations of signal transmission systems, and solves the technical problem of significant signal transmission limitations in signal transmission systems.

[0176] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in the figure is merely illustrative, and the electronic device may also be a smartphone (such as an Android phone, an iOS phone, etc.), a tablet computer, a PDA, a mobile internet device (MID), a portable electronic device (PAD), or other terminal devices. This figure does not limit the structure of the aforementioned electronic device. For example, the electronic device may include more or fewer components (such as a network interface, a display device, etc.) than shown in the figure, or may have a different configuration than that shown in the figure.

[0177] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing the hardware related to the terminal device. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: flash drive, ROM, RAM, disk or optical disk, etc.

[0178] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium. Optionally, in this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium can be used to store program code executed by the method provided in the above embodiments.

[0179] Optionally, in this embodiment, the storage medium may be located in any one of the electronic devices in the group of electronic devices in the computer network, or in any one of the mobile terminals in the group of mobile terminals.

[0180] Optionally, in this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium is configured to store program code for performing the following steps: identifying the signal to be transmitted; controlling a first optoelectronic transceiver to send the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe bus, wherein the signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber is received by a second optoelectronic transceiver controlled by a receiving end via a corresponding PCIe bus.

[0181] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium is further configured to store program code for performing the following steps: determining the computer expansion bus standard PCIe bus corresponding to the receiving end; controlling the second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber through the corresponding PCIe bus, wherein the signal to be transmitted is identified by the transmitting end and controlled the first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit it to the optical fiber through the PCIe bus corresponding to the transmitting end.

[0182] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer program product. Optionally, in this embodiment, the computer program product may include a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods provided in the embodiments described above.

[0183] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer program product. Optionally, the computer program product may include a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, which can be used to store a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods provided in the embodiments described above.

[0184] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer program. Optionally, in this embodiment, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method provided in the above embodiments.

[0185] The sequence numbers of the embodiments disclosed above are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0186] In the above embodiments of this disclosure, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0187] In the several embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of components is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple components or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interface; the indirect coupling or communication connection of components or components may be electrical or other forms.

[0188] The components described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as components may or may not be physical components; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network components. Some or all of the components can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0189] Furthermore, the functional components in the various embodiments of this disclosure can be integrated into a single processing component, or each component can exist physically separately, or two or more components can be integrated into a single component. The integrated components described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional components.

[0190] If the integrated components are implemented as software functional components and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this disclosure, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this disclosure. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, ROM, RAM, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0191] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this disclosure. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of this disclosure, and such improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Industrial applicability

[0192] The solution provided in this disclosure can be applied to signal transmission. The transmitting end identifies the signal to be transmitted and controls a first optoelectronic transceiver to send the signal onto the optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe computer expansion bus standard. The receiving end controls a second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal transmitted via the optical fiber via a corresponding PCIe bus. The second optoelectronic transceiver is connected to the first optoelectronic transceiver via an optical fiber. Since the transmission distance of optical fiber is much longer than that of coaxial cable, using optical fiber as the transmission medium can support signal transmission from several meters to several kilometers, making the application scenarios unrestricted. Moreover, only two optoelectronic transceivers are needed to transmit the signal between the transmitting and receiving ends via optical fiber, making the application scenarios more flexible and supporting large-scale networking. It has great application value for pooled applications, achieving the technical effect of reducing the signal transmission limitations of the signal transmission system and solving the technical problem of significant signal transmission limitations in signal transmission systems.

Claims

1. A signal transmission system, comprising: The transmitting end is used to identify the signal to be transmitted and control the first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber through the corresponding computer expansion bus standard PCIe bus; The receiving end is used to control the second optoelectronic transceiver to receive the signal to be transmitted transmitted by the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe bus, wherein the second optoelectronic transceiver and the first optoelectronic transceiver are connected via the optical fiber.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The first optoelectronic transceiver is of the same type as the optoelectronic transceiver in the data center; and / or, the second optoelectronic transceiver is of the same type as the optoelectronic transceiver in the data center.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The hardware pin definition information of the first optoelectronic transceiver and / or the hardware pin definition information of the second optoelectronic transceiver are standard pin definition information in a data center.

4. The system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The system also includes: A first adapter interface card, connected to the first optoelectronic transceiver via a corresponding optical port connector, is used to control the first optoelectronic transceiver to transmit the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber via the PCIe bus corresponding to the transmitting end; and / or, The second adapter interface card is connected to the second optoelectronic transceiver via the corresponding optical port connector, and is used to receive the signal to be transmitted transmitted by the second optoelectronic transceiver.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein, In response to the system including the first adapter interface card and the second adapter interface card, the system further includes: The first PCIe slot is connected to the first optoelectronic transceiver via the first adapter interface card, and is used to synchronize with the processor via the differential signal in the signal to be transmitted, wherein the differential signal is controlled by an independent clock. The second PCIe slot is connected to the second optoelectronic transceiver via the second adapter interface card, and is used to synchronize with the processor via the differential signal in the signal to be transmitted.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein, The system also includes: A first PCIe device is connected to the first PCIe slot and is used to receive the differential signal or clock signal provided by the first PCIe slot. A second PCIe device is connected to the second PCIe slot and is used to receive the differential signal or clock signal provided by the second PCIe slot.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein, The processor is used to provide a global reset signal from the signal to be transmitted to the first PCIe slot and the first PCIe device respectively. The global reset signal on the first PCIe device is used to perform a reset operation on the first PCIe device. The global reset signal on the first PCIe slot is transmitted via a timing chip and the hardware pins of the first optoelectronic transceiver to perform a hardware reset operation on the hardware pins of the first optoelectronic transceiver. After the reset, the optical channel of the first optoelectronic transceiver is in a non-emitting state.

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The second optoelectronic transceiver is used to perform a software reset operation in response to detecting that the optical channel is in the non-emitting state, wherein the level of the hardware pin of the second optoelectronic transceiver is pulled low.

9. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The second optoelectronic transceiver is also used to acquire the time interval from disconnection to recovery of the lost optical signal RXLOS at the receiving end corresponding to the non-emitting state, and in response to the time interval reaching a time threshold, to determine that the global reset signal triggers the non-emitting state.

10. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The signal to be transmitted includes a first in-situ signal and a second in-situ signal, wherein the first in-situ signal is a low-level signal and the second in-situ signal is a high-level signal.

11. The system according to claim 6, wherein, The first PCIe slot is directly inserted into the first opto-transceiver, and the second PCIe slot is directly inserted into the second opto-transceiver.

12. The system according to claim 4, wherein, The number of interfaces on the first adapter interface card matches the type of the first optoelectronic transceiver, and / or the number of interfaces on the second adapter interface card matches the type of the second optoelectronic transceiver.

13. A signal transmission system, comprising: The sending end in the first server is used to identify the signal to be transmitted from the network resources to be deployed in the content generation scenario, and control the first optoelectronic transceiver to send the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber through the corresponding computer expansion bus standard PCIe bus. The receiving end in the second server is used to control the second optotransceiver to receive the signal to be transmitted transmitted by the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe bus. The second optotransceiver is connected to the first optotransceiver via the optical fiber. The signal to be transmitted is used to deploy the network resources on the second server.

14. A signal transmission method applied to a transmitting end corresponding to a receiving end, wherein the transmitting end corresponds to a first optoelectronic transceiver, the receiving end corresponds to a second optoelectronic transceiver, and the second optoelectronic transceiver and the first optoelectronic transceiver are connected via optical fiber, the method comprising: Identify the signal to be transmitted; The first optoelectronic transceiver is controlled to send the signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe computer expansion bus standard. The signal to be transmitted via the optical fiber is received by the second optoelectronic transceiver controlled by the receiving end via the corresponding PCIe bus.

15. A signal transmission method applied to a receiving end corresponding to a transmitting end, wherein the transmitting end corresponds to a first optoelectronic transceiver, the receiving end corresponds to a second optoelectronic transceiver, and the second optoelectronic transceiver and the first optoelectronic transceiver are connected via optical fiber, the method comprising: The computer expansion bus standard PCIe bus corresponding to the receiving end is determined; The second optoelectronic transceiver is controlled to receive the signal to be transmitted from the optical fiber via the corresponding PCIe bus. The signal to be transmitted is identified by the transmitting end, and the first optoelectronic transceiver is controlled to transmit it to the optical fiber via the PCIe bus corresponding to the transmitting end.

16. An electronic device comprising: Memory, which stores executable programs; A processor for running the program, wherein the program, when running, performs the method of claim 14 or 15.

17. A computer-readable storage medium comprising a stored executable program, wherein, When the executable program is running, it controls the device containing the storage medium to perform the method of claim 14 or 15.

18. A computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to claim 14 or 15.

19. A computer program product comprising: A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of claim 14 or 15.

20. A computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of claim 14 or 15.

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