Method and apparatus for responding to multiple paging

Abstract

A method and apparatus for responding to multiple paging are provided. A wireless device may transmit a response message in response to the first paging message. The wireless device may receive, from a second reader, a second paging message including the certain transaction identity. The wireless device may determine whether to transmit a response message in response to the second paging message or not, based on information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RESPONDING TO MULTIPLE PAGING

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for responding to multiple paging.

[0002] 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequency band, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate power consumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.

[0003] Work has started in international telecommunication union (ITU) and 3GPP to develop requirements and specifications for new radio (NR) systems. 3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed for successfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgent market needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITU radio communication sector (ITU-R) international mobile telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Further, the NR should be able to use any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be made available for wireless communications even in a more distant future.

[0004] The NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usage scenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type-communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc. The NR shall be inherently forward compatible.

[0005] In the light above, the Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device may not know whether a multiple response to the A-IoT paging messages from different readers is necessary.

[0006] The problem in the prior art is that if the A-IoT device does not know whether a multiple response to the A-IoT paging messages from different readers is necessary, it may not be able to provide the service requested by the CN (or possibly by the reader) by not making a multiple response, even if the A-IoT service requires it.

[0007] Conversely, if the A-IoT service requires only a single response, the A-IoT device may waste energy unnecessarily or cause contention by making an unnecessary multiple response.

[0008] Therefore, studies for responding to multiple paging are required.

[0009] In an aspect, a method is provided. The method comprises: receiving, by a wireless device from a first reader, a first paging message including a certain transaction identity; transmitting, by the wireless device, a response message in response to the first paging message; receiving, by the wireless device from a second reader, a second paging message including the certain transaction identity; and determining, by the wireless device, whether to transmit a response message in response to the second paging message or not, based on information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not, wherein the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not is included in the first paging message and / or the second paging message.

[0010] In another aspect, an apparatus for implementing the above method is provided.

[0011] The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the wireless device could efficiently respond to multiple paging based on an indication informing whether multiple responses for paging are required.

[0013] For example, according to the present disclosure, as the A-IoT device becomes aware of whether multiple responses to A-IoT paging messages from different readers are required, the A-IoT device responds to multiple A-IoT paging messages from different readers. This allows A-IoT devices to support A-IoT services requested by the CN that require multiple responses from A-IoT devices to the readers, or enables A-IoT devices to reduce energy consumption and contention by responding to A-IoT paging only once when the A-IoT service does not require multiple responses.

[0014] For example, by performing multiple responses only when necessary, A-IoT devices can efficiently handle multiple paging responses.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the wireless communication system could provide an efficient solution for responding to multiple paging.

[0016] Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effects listed above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand and / or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that may be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0018] FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0019] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless device to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0020] FIG. 4 shows another example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0021] FIG. 5 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0022] FIGS. 6 and 7 show an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0023] FIG. 8 shows a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0024] FIG. 9 shows a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0025] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of the baseline procedure for A-IoT for the "inventory only" case.

[0026] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of the baseline procedure for A-IoT for the "inventory and command" case.

[0027] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of signaling for case 1 in which the A-IoT device only needs to respond to one of the A-IoT paging messages from multiple readers.

[0028] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of signaling for case 2 in which the A-IoT device needs to respond to each A-IoT paging message from different readers.

[0029] FIG. 14 shows an example of a method for responding to multiple paging, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 15 shows an example of a method for an indication for triggering multiple response.

[0031] FIG. 16 shows an example of a method for indication of multiple response trigger.

[0032] The following techniques, apparatuses, and systems may be applied to a variety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multiple access systems include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system, and a multicarrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) system. CDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is a part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE.

[0033] For convenience of description, implementations of the present disclosure are mainly described in regards to a 3GPP based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0034] For terms and technologies which are not specifically described among the terms of and technologies employed in the present disclosure, the wireless communication standard documents published before the present disclosure may be referenced.

[0035] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0036] In the present disclosure, slash ( / ) or comma (,) may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C".

[0037] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as same as "at least one of A and B".

[0038] In addition, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0039] Also, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". In detail, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when shown as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0040] Technical features that are separately described in one drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0041] Although not limited thereto, various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0042] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to drawings. The same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or functional blocks unless otherwise indicated.

[0043] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0044] The 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1.

[0045] Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a category of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) a category of massive machine type communication (mMTC), and (3) a category of ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).

[0046] Partial use cases may require a plurality of categories for optimization and other use cases may focus only upon one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports such various use cases using a flexible and reliable method.

[0047] eMBB far surpasses basic mobile Internet access and covers abundant bidirectional work and media and entertainment applications in cloud and augmented reality. Data is one of 5G core motive forces and, in a 5G era, a dedicated voice service may not be provided for the first time. In 5G, it is expected that voice will be simply processed as an application program using data connection provided by a communication system. Main causes for increased traffic volume are due to an increase in the size of content and an increase in the number of applications requiring high data transmission rate. A streaming service (of audio and video), conversational video, and mobile Internet access will be more widely used as more devices are connected to the Internet. These many application programs require connectivity of an always turned-on state in order to push real-time information and alarm for users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing in a mobile communication platform and may be applied to both work and entertainment. The cloud storage is a special use case which accelerates growth of uplink data transmission rate. 5G is also used for remote work of cloud. When a tactile interface is used, 5G demands much lower end-to-end latency to maintain user good experience. Entertainment, for example, cloud gaming and video streaming, is another core element which increases demand for mobile broadband capability. Entertainment is essential for a smartphone and a tablet in any place including high mobility environments such as a train, a vehicle, and an airplane. Other use cases are augmented reality for entertainment and information search. In this case, the augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

[0048] In addition, one of the most expected 5G use cases relates a function capable of smoothly connecting embedded sensors in all fields, i.e., mMTC. It is expected that the number of potential Internet-of-things (IoT) devices will reach 204 hundred million up to the year of 2020. An industrial IoT is one of categories of performing a main role enabling a smart city, asset tracking, smart utility, agriculture, and security infrastructure through 5G.

[0049] URLLC includes a new service that will change industry through remote control of main infrastructure and an ultra-reliable / available low-latency link such as a self-driving vehicle. A level of reliability and latency is essential to control a smart grid, automatize industry, achieve robotics, and control and adjust a drone.

[0050] 5G is a means of providing streaming evaluated as a few hundred megabits per second to gigabits per second and may complement fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such fast speed is needed to deliver TV in resolution of 4K or more (6K, 8K, and more), as well as virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include almost immersive sports games. A specific application program may require a special network configuration. For example, for VR games, gaming companies need to incorporate a core server into an edge network server of a network operator in order to minimize latency.

[0051] Automotive is expected to be a new important motivated force in 5G together with many use cases for mobile communication for vehicles. For example, entertainment for passengers requires high simultaneous capacity and mobile broadband with high mobility. This is because future users continue to expect connection of high quality regardless of their locations and speeds. Another use case of an automotive field is an AR dashboard. The AR dashboard causes a driver to identify an object in the dark in addition to an object seen from a front window and displays a distance from the object and a movement of the object by overlapping information talking to the driver. In the future, a wireless module enables communication between vehicles, information exchange between a vehicle and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between a vehicle and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanied by a pedestrian). A safety system guides alternative courses of a behaviour so that a driver may drive more safely drive, thereby lowering the danger of an accident. The next stage will be a remotely controlled or self-driven vehicle. This requires very high reliability and very fast communication between different self-driven vehicles and between a vehicle and infrastructure. In the future, a self-driven vehicle will perform all driving activities and a driver will focus only upon abnormal traffic that the vehicle cannot identify. Technical requirements of a self-driven vehicle demand ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability so that traffic safety is increased to a level that cannot be achieved by human being.

[0052] A smart city and a smart home / building mentioned as a smart society will be embedded in a high-density wireless sensor network. A distributed network of an intelligent sensor will identify conditions for costs and energy-efficient maintenance of a city or a home. Similar configurations may be performed for respective households. All of temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances are wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors are typically low in data transmission rate, power, and cost. However, real-time HD video may be demanded by a specific type of device to perform monitoring.

[0053] Consumption and distribution of energy including heat or gas is distributed at a higher level so that automated control of the distribution sensor network is demanded. The smart grid collects information and connects the sensors to each other using digital information and communication technology so as to act according to the collected information. Since this information may include behaviours of a supply company and a consumer, the smart grid may improve distribution of fuels such as electricity by a method having efficiency, reliability, economic feasibility, production sustainability, and automation. The smart grid may also be regarded as another sensor network having low latency.

[0054] Mission critical application (e.g., e-health) is one of 5G use scenarios. A health part contains many application programs capable of enjoying benefit of mobile communication. A communication system may support remote treatment that provides clinical treatment in a faraway place. Remote treatment may aid in reducing a barrier against distance and improve access to medical services that cannot be continuously available in a faraway rural area. Remote treatment is also used to perform important treatment and save lives in an emergency situation. The wireless sensor network based on mobile communication may provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0055] Wireless and mobile communication gradually becomes important in the field of an industrial application. Wiring is high in installation and maintenance cost. Therefore, a possibility of replacing a cable with constructible wireless links is an attractive opportunity in many industrial fields. However, in order to achieve this replacement, it is necessary for wireless connection to be established with latency, reliability, and capacity similar to those of the cable and management of wireless connection needs to be simplified. Low latency and a very low error probability are new requirements when connection to 5G is needed.

[0056] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communication that enables inventory and package tracking anywhere using a location-based information system. The use cases of logistics and freight typically demand low data rate but require location information with a wide range and reliability.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, base stations (BSs) 200, and a network 300. Although FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system 1, the implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system, and can be applied to the future communication system beyond the 5G system.

[0058] The BSs 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device may operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0059] The wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices performing communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR)) or LTE) and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices 100a to 100f may include, without being limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an IoT device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicles may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an AR / VR / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smart glasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smart meter.

[0060] In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be called user equipment's (UEs). A UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle having an autonomous traveling function, a connected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a device related to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourth industrial revolution field.

[0061] The UAV may be, for example, an aircraft availed by a wireless control signal without a human being onboard.

[0062] The VR device may include, for example, a device for implementing an object or a background of the virtual world. The AR device may include, for example, a device implemented by connecting an object or a background of the virtual world to an object or a background of the real world. The MR device may include, for example, a device implemented by merging an object or a background of the virtual world into an object or a background of the real world. The hologram device may include, for example, a device for implementing a stereoscopic image of 360 degrees by recording and reproducing stereoscopic information, using an interference phenomenon of light generated when two laser lights called holography meet.

[0063] The public safety device may include, for example, an image relay device or an image device that is wearable on the body of a user.

[0064] The MTC device and the IoT device may be, for example, devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, the MTC device and the IoT device may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0065] The medical device may be, for example, a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, relieving, curing, or preventing disease. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, relieving, or correcting injury or impairment. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of inspecting, replacing, or modifying a structure or a function. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of adjusting pregnancy. For example, the medical device may include a device for treatment, a device for operation, a device for (in vitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid, or a device for procedure.

[0066] The security device may be, for example, a device installed to prevent a danger that may arise and to maintain safety. For example, the security device may be a camera, a closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0067] The FinTech device may be, for example, a device capable of providing a financial service such as mobile payment. For example, the FinTech device may include a payment device or a point of sales (POS) system.

[0068] The weather / environment device may include, for example, a device for monitoring or predicting a weather / environment.

[0069] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a beyond-5G network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs 200 / network 300. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0070] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c may be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless device 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BSs 200. Herein, the wireless communication / connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100a to 100f and the BSs 200 / the wireless devices 100a to 100f may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other through the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / de-mapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting / receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0071] Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include narrowband internet-of-things (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and be called by various names such as enhanced machine type communication (mMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of the various specifications, such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN which take into account low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) associated with small / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4 and may be called various names.

[0072] FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 2, a first wireless device 100 and a second wireless device 200 may transmit / receive radio signals to / from an external device through a variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In FIG. 2, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to at least one of {the wireless device 100a to 100f and the BS 200}, {the wireless device 100a to 100f and the wireless device 100a to 100f} and / or {the BS 200 and the BS 200} of FIG. 1.

[0074] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102 may control the memory(s) 104 and / or the transceiver(s) 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process information within the memory(s) 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information / signals through the transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signals including second information / signals through the transceiver(s) 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example, the memory(s) 104 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. Herein, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be interchangeably used with radio frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0075] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s) 202 may control the memory(s) 204 and / or the transceiver(s) 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process information within the memory(s) 204 to generate third information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information / signals through the transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information / signals through the transceiver(s) 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example, the memory(s) 204 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. Herein, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit(s). In the present disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0076] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as physical (PHY) layer, media access control (MAC) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, radio resource control (RRC) layer, and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data unit (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0077] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and / or a set of commands.

[0078] The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and / or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.

[0079] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0080] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0081] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, the transceivers 106 and 206 can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to a carrier frequency by their (analogy) oscillators and / or filters under the control of the processors 102 and 202 and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at the carrier frequency. The transceivers 106 and 206 may receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signals into OFDM baseband signals by their (analogy) oscillators and / or filters under the control of the transceivers 102 and 202.

[0082] In the implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in downlink (DL). In the implementations of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in UL and as a transmitting device in DL. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as the UE, and the second wireless device 200 acts as the BS. For example, the processor(s) 102 connected to, mounted on or launched in the first wireless device 100 may be configured to perform the UE behaviour according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 106 to perform the UE behaviour according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The processor(s) 202 connected to, mounted on or launched in the second wireless device 200 may be configured to perform the BS behaviour according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 206 to perform the BS behaviour according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0083] In the present disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a node B (NB), an eNodeB B (eNB), or a gNB.

[0084] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless device to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0085] The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to a use-case / service (refer to FIG. 1).

[0086] Referring to FIG. 3, wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 2 and may be configured by various elements, components, units / portions, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication unit 110 may include a communication circuit 112 and transceiver(s) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include the one or more processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 2 and / or the one or more memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver(s) 114 may include the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 2 and / or the one or more antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 2. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the additional components 140 and controls overall operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the control unit 120 may control an electric / mechanical operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface or store, in the memory unit 130, information received through the wireless / wired interface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110.

[0087] The additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, input / output (I / O) unit (e.g., audio I / O port, video I / O port), a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100a of FIG. 1), the vehicles (100b-1 and 100b-2 of FIG. 1), the XR device (100c of FIG. 1), the hand-held device (100d of FIG. 1), the home appliance (100e of FIG. 1), the IoT device (100f of FIG. 1), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medicine device, a FinTech device (or a finance device), a security device, a climate / environment device, the AI server / device (400 of FIG. 1), the BSs (200 of FIG. 1), a network node, etc. The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be used in a mobile or fixed place according to a use-example / service.

[0088] In FIG. 3, the entirety of the various elements, components, units / portions, and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and the control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / portion, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory 130 may be configured by a RAM, a DRAM, a ROM, a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0089] FIG. 4 shows another example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0090] Referring to FIG. 4, wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 2 and may be configured by various elements, components, units / portions, and / or modules.

[0091] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 106, and at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 101. The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor, such a processor 102, and at least one memory, such as a memory 104. The memory 104 may be operably connectable to the processor 102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 104 may store a software code 105 which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the software code 105 may control the processor 102 may perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.

[0092] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 206, and at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 201. The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor, such a processor 202, and at least one memory, such as a memory 204. The memory 204 may be operably connectable to the processor 202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 204 may store a software code 205 which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the software code 205 may control the processor 202 may perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.

[0093] FIG. 5 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0094] Referring to FIG. 5, a UE 100 may correspond to the first wireless device 100 of FIG. 2 and / or the first wireless device 100 of FIG. 4.

[0095] A UE 100 includes a processor 102, a memory 104, a transceiver 106, one or more antennas 108, a power management module 110, a battery 1112, a display 114, a keypad 116, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card 118, a speaker 120, and a microphone 122.

[0096] The processor 102 may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The processor 102 may be configured to control one or more other components of the UE 100 to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 102. The processor 102 may include ASIC, other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The processor 102 may be an application processor. The processor 102 may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a modem (modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor 102 may be found in SNAPDRAGONTMseries of processors made by Qualcomm®, EXYNOSTMseries of processors made by Samsung®, A series of processors made by Apple®, HELIOTMseries of processors made by MediaTek®, ATOMTMseries of processors made by Intel®or a corresponding next generation processor.

[0097] The memory 104 is operatively coupled with the processor 102 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 102. The memory 104 may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The modules can be stored in the memory 104 and executed by the processor 102. The memory 104 can be implemented within the processor 102 or external to the processor 102 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 102 via various means as is known in the art.

[0098] The transceiver 106 is operatively coupled with the processor 102, and transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 106 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 106 controls the one or more antennas 108 to transmit and / or receive a radio signal.

[0099] The power management module 110 manages power for the processor 102 and / or the transceiver 106. The battery 112 supplies power to the power management module 110.

[0100] The display 114 outputs results processed by the processor 102. The keypad 116 receives inputs to be used by the processor 102. The keypad 16 may be shown on the display 114.

[0101] The SIM card 118 is an　integrated circuit　that is intended to　securely store the　international mobile subscriber identity　(IMSI) number and its related　key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on　mobile telephony　devices (such as　mobile phones　and　computers). It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.

[0102] The speaker 120 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor 102. The microphone 122 receives sound-related inputs to be used by the processor 102.

[0103] FIGS. 6 and 7 show an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0104] In particular, FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a radio interface user plane protocol stack between a UE and a BS and FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a radio interface control plane protocol stack between a UE and a BS. The control plane refers to a path through which control messages used to manage call by a UE and a network are transported. The user plane refers to a path through which data generated in an application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data are transported. Referring to FIG. 6, the user plane protocol stack may be divided into Layer 1 (i.e., a PHY layer) and Layer 2. Referring to FIG. 7, the control plane protocol stack may be divided into Layer 1 (i.e., a PHY layer), Layer 2, Layer 3 (e.g., an RRC layer), and a non-access stratum (NAS) layer. Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 3 are referred to as an access stratum (AS).

[0105] In the 3GPP LTE system, the Layer 2 is split into the following sublayers: MAC, RLC, and PDCP. In the 3GPP NR system, the Layer 2 is split into the following sublayers: MAC, RLC, PDCP and SDAP. The PHY layer offers to the MAC sublayer transport channels, the MAC sublayer offers to the RLC sublayer logical channels, the RLC sublayer offers to the PDCP sublayer RLC channels, the PDCP sublayer offers to the SDAP sublayer radio bearers. The SDAP sublayer offers to 5G core network quality of service (QoS) flows.

[0106] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the MAC sublayer include: mapping between logical channels and transport channels; multiplexing / de-multiplexing of MAC SDUs belonging to one or different logical channels into / from transport blocks (TB) delivered to / from the physical layer on transport channels; scheduling information reporting; error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) (one HARQ entity per cell in case of carrier aggregation (CA)); priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling; priority handling between logical channels of one UE by means of logical channel prioritization; padding. A single MAC entity may support multiple numerologies, transmission timings and cells. Mapping restrictions in logical channel prioritization control which numerology(ies), cell(s), and transmission timing(s) a logical channel can use.

[0107] Different kinds of data transfer services are offered by MAC. To accommodate different kinds of data transfer services, multiple types of logical channels are defined, i.e., each supporting transfer of a particular type of information. Each logical channel type is defined by what type of information is transferred. Logical channels are classified into two groups: control channels and traffic channels. Control channels are used for the transfer of control plane information only, and traffic channels are used for the transfer of user plane information only. Broadcast control channel (BCCH) is a downlink logical channel for broadcasting system control information, paging control channel (PCCH) is a downlink logical channel that transfers paging information, system information change notifications and indications of ongoing public warning service (PWS) broadcasts, common control channel (CCCH) is a logical channel for transmitting control information between UEs and network and used for UEs having no RRC connection with the network, and dedicated control channel (DCCH) is a point-to-point bi-directional logical channel that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network and used by UEs having an RRC connection. Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) is a point-to-point logical channel, dedicated to one UE, for the transfer of user information. A DTCH can exist in both uplink and downlink. In downlink, the following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist: BCCH can be mapped to broadcast channel (BCH); BCCH can be mapped to downlink shared channel (DL-SCH); PCCH can be mapped to paging channel (PCH); CCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; DCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped to DL-SCH. In uplink, the following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist: CCCH can be mapped to uplink shared channel (UL-SCH); DCCH can be mapped to UL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped to UL-SCH.

[0108] The RLC sublayer supports three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged node (AM). The RLC configuration is per logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and / or transmission durations. In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RLC sublayer depend on the transmission mode and include: transfer of upper layer PDUs; sequence numbering independent of the one in PDCP (UM and AM); error correction through ARQ (AM only); segmentation (AM and UM) and re-segmentation (AM only) of RLC SDUs; reassembly of SDU (AM and UM); duplicate detection (AM only); RLC SDU discard (AM and UM); RLC re-establishment; protocol error detection (AM only).

[0109] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the user plane include: sequence numbering; header compression and decompression using robust header compression (ROHC); transfer of user data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; PDCP PDU routing (in case of split bearers); retransmission of PDCP SDUs; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; PDCP SDU discard; PDCP re-establishment and data recovery for RLC AM; PDCP status reporting for RLC AM; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers. The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the control plane include: sequence numbering; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; transfer of control plane data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers.

[0110] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of SDAP include: mapping between a QoS flow and a data radio bearer; marking QoS flow ID (QFI) in both DL and UL packets. A single protocol entity of SDAP is configured for each individual PDU session.

[0111] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RRC sublayer include: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by 5GC or NG-RAN; establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and NG-RAN; security functions including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs); mobility functions (including: handover and context transfer, UE cell selection and reselection and control of cell selection and reselection, inter-RAT mobility); QoS management functions; UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting; detection of and recovery from radio link failure; NAS message transfer to / from NAS from / to UE.

[0112] FIG. 8 shows a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0113] The frame structure shown in FIG. 8 is purely exemplary and the number of subframes, the number of slots, and / or the number of symbols in a frame may be variously changed. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, OFDM numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS), transmission time interval (TTI) duration) may be differently configured between a plurality of cells aggregated for one UE. For example, if a UE is configured with different SCSs for cells aggregated for the cell, an (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., a subframe, a slot, or a TTI) including the same number of symbols may be different among the aggregated cells. Herein, symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0114] Referring to FIG. 8, downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into frames. Each frame has Tf= 10ms duration. Each frame is divided into two half-frames, where each of the half-frames has 5ms duration. Each half-frame consists of 5 subframes, where the duration Tsfper subframe is 1ms. Each subframe is divided into slots and the number of slots in a subframe depends on a subcarrier spacing. Each slot includes 14 or 12 OFDM symbols based on a cyclic prefix (CP). In a normal CP, each slot includes 14 OFDM symbols and, in an extended CP, each slot includes 12 OFDM symbols. The numerology is based on exponentially scalable subcarrier spacing △f = 2u*15 kHz.

[0115] Table 1 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot Nslotsymb, the number of slots per frameNframe,uslot, and the number of slots per subframe Nsubframe,uslotfor the normal CP, according to the subcarrier spacing △f = 2u*15 kHz.

[0116] uNslotsymbNframe,uslotNsubframe,uslot01410111420221440431480841416016

[0117] Table 2 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot Nslotsymb, the number of slots per frameNframe,uslot, and the number of slots per subframe Nsubframe,uslotfor the extended CP, according to the subcarrier spacing △f = 2u*15 kHz.

[0118] uNslotsymbNframe,uslotNsubframe,uslot212404

[0119] A slot includes plural symbols (e.g., 14 or 12 symbols) in the time domain. For each numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing) and carrier, a resource grid ofNsize,ugrid,x*NRBscsubcarriers andNsubframe,usymbOFDM symbols is defined, starting at common resource block (CRB)Nstart,ugridindicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling), whereNsize,ugrid,xis the number of resource blocks (RBs) in the resource grid and the subscript x is DL for downlink and UL for uplink.NRBscis the number of subcarriers per RB. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system,NRBscis 12 generally. There is one resource grid for a given antenna portp, subcarrier spacing configurationu, and transmission direction (DL or UL). The carrier bandwidthNsize,ugridfor subcarrier spacing configurationuis given by the higher-layer parameter (e.g., RRC parameter). Each element in the resource grid for the antenna portpand the subcarrier spacing configurationuis referred to as a resource element (RE) and one complex symbol may be mapped to each RE. Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely identified by an indexkin the frequency domain and an indexlrepresenting a symbol location relative to a reference point in the time domain. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, an RB is defined by 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

[0120] In the 3GPP NR system, RBs are classified into CRBs and physical resource blocks (PRBs). CRBs are numbered from 0 and upwards in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing configurationu. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for subcarrier spacing configurationucoincides with 'point A' which serves as a common reference point for resource block grids. In the 3GPP NR system, PRBs are defined within a bandwidth part (BWP) and numbered from 0 toNsizeBWP,i-1, where i is the number of the bandwidth part. The relation between the physical resource block nPRBin the bandwidth part i and the common resource block nCRBis as follows: nPRB= nCRB+NsizeBWP,i, whereNsizeBWP,iis the common resource block where bandwidth part starts relative to CRB 0. The BWP includes a plurality of consecutive RBs. A carrier may include a maximum of N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured with one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Only one BWP among BWPs configured to the UE can active at a time. The active BWP defines the UE's operating bandwidth within the cell's operating bandwidth.

[0121] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range, i.e., FR1 and FR2. The numerical value of the frequency range may be changed. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 3 below. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range", FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range," and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0122] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0123] As mentioned above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410MHz to 7125MHz as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bands may be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0124] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0125] In the present disclosure, the term "cell" may refer to a geographic area to which one or more nodes provide a communication system, or refer to radio resources. A "cell" as a geographic area may be understood as coverage within which a node can provide service using a carrier and a "cell" as radio resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) is associated with bandwidth which is a frequency range configured by the carrier. The "cell" associated with the radio resources is defined by a combination of downlink resources and uplink resources, for example, a combination of a DL component carrier (CC) and a UL CC. The cell may be configured by downlink resources only, or may be configured by downlink resources and uplink resources. Since DL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of transmitting a valid signal, and UL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of receiving the valid signal from the UE, depends upon a carrier carrying the signal, the coverage of the node may be associated with coverage of the "cell" of radio resources used by the node. Accordingly, the term "cell" may be used to represent service coverage of the node sometimes, radio resources at other times, or a range that signals using the radio resources can reach with valid strength at other times.

[0126] In CA, two or more CCs are aggregated. A UE may simultaneously receive or transmit on one or multiple CCs depending on its capabilities. CA is supported for both contiguous and non-contiguous CCs. When CA is configured, the UE only has one RRC connection with the network. At RRC connection establishment / re-establishment / handover, one serving cell provides the NAS mobility information, and at RRC connection re-establishment / handover, one serving cell provides the security input. This cell is referred to as the primary cell (PCell). The PCell is a cell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure. Depending on UE capabilities, secondary cells (SCells) can be configured to form together with the PCell a set of serving cells. An SCell is a cell providing additional radio resources on top of special cell (SpCell). The configured set of serving cells for a UE therefore always consists of one PCell and one or more SCells. For dual connectivity (DC) operation, the term SpCell refers to the PCell of the master cell group (MCG) or the primary SCell (PSCell) of the secondary cell group (SCG). An SpCell supports PUCCH transmission and contention-based random access, and is always activated. The MCG is a group of serving cells associated with a master node, comprised of the SpCell (PCell) and optionally one or more SCells. The SCG is the subset of serving cells associated with a secondary node, comprised of the PSCell and zero or more SCells, for a UE configured with DC. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED not configured with CA / DC, there is only one serving cell comprised of the PCell. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED configured with CA / DC, the term "serving cells" is used to denote the set of cells comprised of the SpCell(s) and all SCells. In DC, two MAC entities are configured in a UE: one for the MCG and one for the SCG.

[0127] FIG. 9 shows a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0128] Referring to FIG. 9, "RB" denotes a radio bearer, and "H" denotes a header. Radio bearers are categorized into two groups: DRBs for user plane data and SRBs for control plane data. The MAC PDU is transmitted / received using radio resources through the PHY layer to / from an external device. The MAC PDU arrives to the PHY layer in the form of a transport block.

[0129] In the PHY layer, the uplink transport channels UL-SCH and RACH are mapped to their physical channels PUSCH and PRACH, respectively, and the downlink transport channels DL-SCH, BCH and PCH are mapped to PDSCH, PBCH and PDSCH, respectively. In the PHY layer, uplink control information (UCI) is mapped to PUCCH, and downlink control information (DCI) is mapped to PDCCH. A MAC PDU related to UL-SCH is transmitted by a UE via a PUSCH based on an UL grant, and a MAC PDU related to DL-SCH is transmitted by a BS via a PDSCH based on a DL assignment.

[0130] Hereinafter, technical features related to Ambient IoT are described.

[0131] In recent years, IoT has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. More 'things' are expected to be interconnected for improving productivity efficiency and increasing comforts of life. Further reduction of size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices can enable the deployment of tens or even hundreds of billion IoT devices for various applications and provide added value across the entire value chain. It is impossible to power all the IoT devices by battery that needs to be replaced or recharged manually, which leads to high maintenance cost, serious environmental issues, and even safety hazards for some use cases (e.g., wireless sensor in electric power and petroleum industry).

[0132] Most of the existing wireless communication devices are powered by battery that needs to be replaced or recharged manually. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies of supporting batteryless devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. The form factor of such devices must be reasonably small to convey the validity of target use cases.

[0133] TR 22.840 is being developed by SA1 to capture use cases, traffic scenarios, device constraints of ambient power-enabled Internet of Things and identify new potential service requirements as well as new KPIs. SA1 are considering devices being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (i.e., using a capacitor) and the energy is provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power source that could be seen suitable.

[0134] Considering the limited size and complexity required by practical applications for batteryless devices with no energy storage capability or devices with limited energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually, the output power of energy harvester is typically from 1μW to a few hundreds of μW. Existing cellular devices may not work well with energy harvesting due to their peak power consumption of higher than 10mW.

[0135] An example type of application in TR 22.840 is asset identification, which presently has to resort mainly to barcode and RFID in most industries. The main advantage of these two technologies is the ultra-low complexity and small form factor of the tags. However, the limited reading range of a few meters usually requires handheld scanning which leads to labor intensive and time-consuming operations, or RFID portals / gates which leads to costly deployments. Moreover, the lack of interference management scheme results in severe interference between RFID readers and capacity problems, especially in case of dense deployment. It is hard to support large-scale network with seamless coverage for RFID.

[0136] TSG RAN has completed a Rel-18 RAN-level SI on Ambient IoT, which provides a terminological and scoping framework for future discussions of Ambient IoT. This has defined representative use cases, deployment scenarios, connectivity topologies, Ambient IoT devices, design targets, and required functionalities; it also conducted a preliminary feasibility assessment, and gave recommendations for down-selection in setting the scope of a further WG-level study.

[0137] Since existing technologies cannot meet all the requirements of target use cases, a new IoT technology is recommended to open new markets within 3GPP systems, whose number of connections and / or device density can be orders of magnitude higher than existing 3GPP IoT technologies. The new IoT technology shall provide complexity and power consumption orders of magnitude lower than the existing 3GPP LPWA technologies (e.g. NB-IoT and eMTC), and shall address use cases and scenarios that cannot otherwise be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technologies.

[0138] The present document reports on the feasibility of meeting the design targets for relevant use cases of a new 3GPP IoT technology, on the basis of suitable deployment scenarios in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for very-low end IoT applications. It intends to provide a clear differentiation, i.e. addressing use cases and scenarios that cannot otherwise be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technology.

[0139] In terms of energy storage, the study considers the following device characteristics:

[0140] - Pure batteryless devices with no energy storage capability at all, and completely dependent on the availability of an external source of energy.

[0141] - Devices with limited energy storage capability that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually.

[0142] Stage 2 General aspects

[0143] Unless explicitly stated all agreements apply to all device types and for both topologies.

[0144] From RAN2 perspective, the aim is that the design on the interface between reader and A-IoT device is common for topology 1 and topology 2.

[0145] RAN2 will support two use cases, "inventory" and "command".

[0146] Baseline procedure:

[0147] Step A: Based on the service request, the reader sends the Initial Trigger Message indicating device(s) that need to respond;

[0148] Step B: Triggered device(s) performs the random access-like procedure, if needed;

[0149] Step C: The device may perform the data communication with the reader as needed,:

[0150] We will study the support of both "inventory" and "command" in the same procedure.

[0151] RAN2 will continue the study of ambient IoT assuming no support of AS security until SA3 provides further input.

[0152] Control Plane

[0153] RRC connection management is not supported. FFS how the resource configuration is provided to the device (if needed based on RAN1 progress)

[0154] RRM L3 measurement reporting is not supported by Ambient IoT devices.

[0155] RAN2 assumes, AIoT devices are not required to support ASN.1 encoding / decoding.

[0156] Periodical System information and MIB are not supported by AIoT devices. This doesn't preclude any RAN1 defined broadcast signals.

[0157] RAN2 assumes that RRC layer is not necessary between the reader and the device. RAN2 will continue to study the functionalities required and later discuss whether we will have: 1) a new AS protocol on top of A-IoT MAC layer; or 2) A-IoT MAC

[0158] User Plane

[0159] SDAP is not supported for UP protocol stack.

[0160] PDCP layer is not needed.

[0161] RLC layer is not needed. RAN2 considers segmentation and reassembly would add complexity, however further discussions are needed.

[0162] No HARQ and RLC AM

[0163] FFS about the level of visibility required by the reader and what information is necessary for AS layer operations.

[0164] RAN2 assumes that no per-packet QoS and no per-QoS flow is supported at AS level (for both UL / DL). FFS how to handle the general QoS requirements from SA2

[0165] Paging

[0166] Legacy paging message for device will not be supported.

[0167] Legacy paging occasion and legacy DRX for the device is not supported. This doesn't preclude solutions that address device monitoring (taking into account discussions from RAN1 as well).

[0168] RAN2 assumes that the device will not support tracking / RAN area update procedure.

[0169] For the case of reaching single or group of devices, an identifier may be required to identify the device / group of devices in the trigger message.

[0170] Random Access

[0171] RAN2 confirms slotted-ALOHA is the baseline for Ambient IoT random access

[0172] We will study the support for access triggering for a single device, group of devices, or all devices. RAN2 to discuss the contention-based and contention-free access procedures and detailed solutions.

[0173] Random Access is triggered by the reader

[0174] Reader provides the information that the device needs to respond to the random access trigger.

[0175] Study the solution and benefits of both 2-step like random access procedure and 4-step like random access procedure.

[0176] Handling of contention resolution failure and access failure at the device will be studied in RAN2, including failure detection and re-access.

[0177] For the very first access message from the device to reader in random access an ID is included. RAN2 to discuss whether a temporary identifier is included, or the permanent device ID is included (considering other WGs input as well).

[0178] Clarify in TR that inventory and command doesn't mean that AIoT paging includes both Inventory and Command in the same message. This doesn't mean that inventory and command are received by the reader at the same time from upper layer.

[0179] A-IoT Paging - Agreements

[0180] 1. RAN2 will study the following cases for AIoT paging message:

[0181] - a message containing an ID of a single A-IoT device.

[0182] - a message containing a group ID that maps to multiple A-IoT devices.

[0183] - a message that does not contain an ID, i.e., addressed for all devices that can receive the AIoT message.

[0184] - a message containing multiple IDs of A-IoT devices. Need to confirm the need for this use case based on SA2 discussion.

[0185] - What device ID and group ID and scenarios is depending on SA2 discussion.

[0186] 2. AIoT paging message indicate information from which the device can determine resources to be used for response (D2R message). FFS how (e.g. implicit / explicit / configured / preconfigured) and what resources (dedicated and / or shared) are provided to the device taking into account RAN1 discussion.

[0187] 3. From RAN2 perspective, we assume the device can receive as long as there is enough energy. We will wait for RAN1 further progress on device monitoring details

[0188] A-IoT Random Access - "4 step" RA

[0189] 1. IoT Msg1: the device sends an ID to the reader. ID is a random ID generated by device (FFS how it is generated, e.g. randomly generated or generated based on Device ID). FFS on ID size. This doesn't preclude any other RAN1 agreed information

[0190] 2. A-IoT Msg2: the reader echos the ID received in Msg1. Further information may be included in mgs2 based on RAN1 agreements

[0191] 3. A-IoT Msg3: device sends Device ID and / or any other upper layer data (depending on upper layer request)

[0192] 4. The device considers the contention resolution as successful, if the Msg2 including the same random ID in Msg1 is received. RAN2 assumes the size of random ID in Msg1 should be sufficient for contention resolution purpose.

[0193] 5. "Msg4" (i.e. the subsequent R2D transmission after D2R transmission) does not need to be always sent in random access. "Msg4" can be considered to handle the Msg3 transmission failure (due to various reasons). "Msg4" usage / presence can be further discussed.

[0194] RAN2 will not use "Msg4" term for further discussion of the random access.

[0195] 2 step CB RA

[0196] 1. IoT Msg1: The device sends Device ID and / or any other upper layer data (depending on upper layer request). This doesn't preclude any other RAN1 agreed information

[0197] 2. A-IoT Msg2: the reader may echo some information from Msg1. "Msg2" usage / presence can be further discussed

[0198] Meanwhile, in 3GPP RAN2#125bis meeting, 3GPP RAN2 WG (RAN2) reached an agreement on the stage 2 general aspects of ambient IoT (i.e., AIoT or A-IoT) as follows:

[0199] - RAN2 will support two use cases, "inventory" and "command".

[0200] - We will study the support of both "inventory" and "command" in the same procedure.

[0201] In 3GPP RAN2#126 meeting, RAN2 reached an agreement on the baseline procedure for AIoT as follows:

[0202] - As baseline, the "inventory only" case is supported by the procedure:

[0203] > Step A: A-IoT paging;

[0204] > Step B: Device ID transmission (via Random Access or without using RA).

[0205] As baseline, the "inventory and command" case is supported by the procedure:

[0206] > Step A: A-IoT paging;

[0207] > Step B: Device ID transmission (via Random Access or without using RA).

[0208] > Step C: reader to device data transmission (e.g. the R2D command), and

[0209] > Step D: corresponding device to reader data transmission (e.g. the feedback).

[0210] From RAN2 point of view we will study "Command only" use case.

[0211] > the options on how to support it :

[0212] > Initial trigger message from the reader contains the command. Final feasibility depends on SA2 and SA3 work / conclusions.

[0213] > Use baseline procedure for "inventory and command"(i.e. first triggers inventory procedure and then sends command)

[0214] FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 below illustrate the baseline procedures for A-IoT agreed upon by RAN2 for the "inventory only" and "inventory and command" cases, respectively. In both cases, core network (CN) requests A-IoT service from the reader, which could be a base station, relay, IAB node, UE, repeater, etc., and then several steps are performed.

[0215] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of the baseline procedure for A-IoT for the "inventory only" case.

[0216] The baseline procedure for A-IoT for the "inventory only" case is composed of two steps (Step A and Step B, respectively).

[0217] In Step A, the reader sends the initial trigger message (i.e., A-IoT paging message) to indicate the target device(s) that are the target of the A-IoT service and need to respond to the trigger. The A-IoT paging message can indicate a single device, a group of devices, or all devices.

[0218] In Step B, the triggered device(s) that match the target indication provided by the A-IoT paging message transmit their device ID (either via random access or without using random access) to the reader, which subsequently relays this information to the CN.

[0219] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of the baseline procedure for A-IoT for the "inventory and command" case.

[0220] The baseline procedure for A-IoT for the "inventory and command" case is composed of four steps (Steps A, B, C, and D, respectively).

[0221] In Step A, the reader sends the initial trigger message (i.e., A-IoT paging message) to indicate the target device(s) that are the target of the A-IoT service and need to respond to the trigger. The A-IoT paging message can indicate a single device, a group of devices, or all devices.

[0222] In Step B, the triggered device(s) that match the target indication provided by the A-IoT paging message transmit their device ID (either via random access or without using random access) to the reader, which subsequently relays this information to the CN.

[0223] In Step C, reader-to-device data transmission (e.g., the reader-to-device command) could be conducted. For example, the reader forwards command data received from the CN to the device(s).

[0224] In Step D, which is an optional step, device-to-reader data transmission corresponding to Step C (e.g., feedback) could be conducted.

[0225] In both cases, the procedures begin with the reader transmitting an A-IoT paging message to the A-IoT devices, which triggers a response and subsequent procedures for the device that the A-IoT service targets. RAN2 considers the "command only" case for study in addition to the "inventory only" and "inventory and command" cases. The procedures for the "command only" case also begin with A-IoT paging procedure, like Step A of the other cases.

[0226] As for the A-IoT paging procedure, RAN2, in 3GPP RAN2#126 meeting, reached an agreement as follows:

[0227] - From RAN2 perspective, we assume the device can receive as long as there is enough energy.

[0228] Whenever an A-IoT device has enough energy, it responds to the A-IoT paging and performs the subsequent steps of the baseline procedures mentioned above. However, when an A-IoT device does not have enough energy, it cannot conduct the following steps of the baseline procedures mentioned above.

[0229] At the same time, it has been proposed to implement a method to perform A-IoT paging multiple times for the same A-IoT service, to successfully trigger A-IoT devices even in situations such as insufficient device energy or unreliable wireless links, as below. Additionally, a method is being considered to prevent devices that have already received and responded to an A-IoT paging message from responding to additional A-IoT paging messages for the same service, to prevent unnecessary energy consumption and reduce contention, as below. To this end, an indication (hereafter referred to as an A-IoT paging ID) could be included in the A-IoT paging message. This A-IoT paging ID indicates that a specific A-IoT paging message is for a specific execution instance of a specific A-IoT service, enabling the A-IoT device to identify whether an A-IoT paging message for a specific service is duplicated or not.

[0230] > If paging message is to be repeated, initial and retransmission of the paging message share the same transaction ID, which is to be included in the paging message.

[0231] > A paging type (e.g. delta paging) should be included in the PAGING message to indicate that only the access failed device in the paging group should response the group paging.

[0232] > RAN2 discuss whether a Paging procedure shall involve multiple round of transmissions of paging message if contention-based access is to be triggered.

[0233] > If paging message transmission is allowed to be repeated within a paging procedure, RAN2 discuss how to suppress RACH response from devices which are not supposed to respond (again).

[0234] If an A-IoT device receives a paging message including identity related to the device, the device responds to the paging message. In A-IoT system, if A-IoT device receives a paging message including identify of the device or group identity of the device, the device initiates random access procedure.

[0235] CN may transmit a paging message for an A-IoT device to multiple RAN nodes, e.g., readers. Then, different RAN nodes transmit paging messages including the same identity. In such cases, whenever device receives a paging message including the identity related to the device, it initiates random access. As a result, redundant random access procedures may be triggered.

[0236] In 3GPP RAN3#124 meeting, 3GPP RAN3 WG (RAN3) reached an agreement on the usage of A-IoT device location information as follows:

[0237] - AIoT device location information may be used for the following purposes:

[0238] (a) improving the AIoT operation itself, e.g. by sending a Command to one or more readers (e.g., the last reader(s)) associated to the device rather than sending it blindly.

[0239] (b) providing location information to the consumer of the AIoT service.

[0240] - Locating an Ambient IoT device at "reader ID granularity" is useful for both purposes.

[0241] According to the RAN3 agreement and the discussion, the same A-IoT service for a single A-IoT device may be requested from multiple readers for locating purposes (or for other purposes such as improving A-IoT operation). Then, multiple readers send A-IoT paging messages for the same A-IoT service. To handle such situations effectively, an indication that indicates the sender of a specific A-IoT paging message (hereafter referred to as a reader ID) could be included in the A-IoT paging message.

[0242] In this situation, two cases could arise:

[0243] - Case 1: The A-IoT device may only need to respond to one of the A-IoT paging messages from multiple readers, regardless of who sent the paging message (which follows the RAN2 discussion mentioned above).

[0244] - Case 2: The A-IoT device may need to respond to each A-IoT paging message from different readers. In this case, even for paging messages with the same paging ID, the A-IoT device should respond to each paging message if it is sent by different readers, according to the reader ID included in the paging message.

[0245] FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 illustrate cases 1 and 2, respectively. In FIG. 12, CN requests an A-IoT service with multiple A-IoT paging messages but does not require multiple responses from A-IoT device readers. Readers 1, 2, and 3 send A-IoT paging messages to the A-IoT device. If the A-IoT device first receives the A-IoT paging message from reader 2, the device responds to the paging message from reader 2 and ignores messages from other readers. In FIG. 13, CN requests an A-IoT service with multiple A-IoT paging messages that require responses from the A-IoT device to each message sent by different readers. The readers send A-IoT paging messages, and the A-IoT device responds to each one.

[0246] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of signaling for case 1 in which the A-IoT device only needs to respond to one of the A-IoT paging messages from multiple readers.

[0247] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of signaling for case 2 in which the A-IoT device needs to respond to each A-IoT paging message from different readers.

[0248] For Case 1, where only a single response is needed, the following example scenarios could exist:

[0249] - When there are multiple readers on the network and inventory is performed for the first time for an A-IoT device, the CN requests inventory service from multiple readers, and each reader sends an A-IoT paging message. The A-IoT device responds to only one of them (e.g., the first A-IoT paging message).

[0250] - Considering that the A-IoT device may not always respond to the trigger message due to insufficient energy, the CN requests A-IoT service from multiple readers, and each reader sends an A-IoT paging message. The A-IoT device responds to only one of them (e.g., the first A-IoT paging message).

[0251] - If the reliability of the reader-to-device link to a specific A-IoT device from surrounding readers is low due to reasons such as location or channel characteristics, the CN can request A-IoT service from multiple readers for better reliability. Then, each reader sends an A-IoT paging message, and the A-IoT device responds to only one of them (e.g., the first A-IoT paging message).

[0252] For Case 2, where multiple responses are needed, the following example scenario could exist:

[0253] - As discussed by RAN3, for locating A-IoT devices, while the A-IoT service (e.g., command for locating) executed by the CN is the same, multiple A-IoT paging messages could be sent by different readers. Then, the A-IoT device responds to the A-IoT paging messages from different readers so that the CN can obtain the location information of the A-IoT device.

[0254] In the light above, the A-IoT device may not know whether a multiple response to the A-IoT paging messages from different readers is necessary.

[0255] The problem in the prior art is that if the A-IoT device does not know whether a multiple response to the A-IoT paging messages from different readers is necessary, it may not be able to provide the service requested by the CN (or possibly by the reader) by not making a multiple response, even if the A-IoT service requires it.

[0256] Conversely, if the A-IoT service requires only a single response, the A-IoT device may waste energy unnecessarily or cause contention by making an unnecessary multiple response.

[0257] Therefore, studies for responding to multiple paging are required.

[0258] Hereinafter, a method for responding to multiple paging, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described with reference to the following drawings.

[0259] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings. Herein, a wireless device may be referred to as a user equipment (UE).

[0260] FIG. 14 shows an example of a method for responding to multiple paging, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0261] In particular, FIG. 14 shows an example of a method performed by a wireless device in a wireless communication system.

[0262] In step S1401, a wireless device may receive, from a first reader, a first paging message including a certain transaction identity.

[0263] For example, the wireless device may be an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device. For example, the wireless device may be an ultra-low complexity device with ultra-low power consumption.

[0264] In step S1402, a wireless device may transmit a response message in response to the first paging message.

[0265] For example, the wireless device may transmit the response message in response to the first paging message to the first reader. For example, the wireless device may transmit the response message in response to the first paging message to one or more readers including the first reader.

[0266] In step S1403, a wireless device may receive, from a second reader, a second paging message including the certain transaction identity.

[0267] For example, a paging message may include i) information related to at least one target wireless device and / or ii) information related to at least one group of target wireless devices. For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message may include i) information related to at least one target wireless device and / or ii) information related to at least one group of target wireless devices.

[0268] For example, the target of the paging message could be all wireless devices. For example, the paging message may include an indication informing that all wireless devices are target wireless devices. If the paging message includes the indication, any wireless device receiving the paging message may recognize itself as the target the paging procedure.

[0269] For example, a paging message may include information related to resource for an access procedure. For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message may include information related to resource for an access procedure. For example, the wireless device may perform the access procedure based on the information related to the resource.

[0270] For example, a paging message may include information related to a purpose of a paging procedure. For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message may include information related to a purpose of a paging procedure. For example, the purpose of the initiated paging procedure may include i) 'inventory only', ii) 'both inventory and command', or iii) 'command only'. For example, the wireless device may determine the subsequent procedures based on the information related to the purpose of the paging procedure.

[0271] For example, the wireless device may consider that the second paging message is a duplication of the first paging message, based on that the certain transaction identity included in the second paging message is same as the certain transaction identity included in the first paging message.

[0272] Otherwise, if the transaction identity included in the second paging message is different from the transaction identity included in the first paging message, the wireless device may consider that the second paging message is not a duplication of the first paging message.

[0273] For example, a paging message may include information related to a sender of a paging message. For example, a paging message may include i) an identity of a reader which transmits the paging message and / or ii) an identity of a core network which initiates a paging procedure.

[0274] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message may include information related to a sender of a paging message. For example, the information related to the sender of the paging message may include i) an identity of a reader which transmits the paging message and / or ii) an identity of a core network which initiates a paging procedure.

[0275] In step S1404, a wireless device may determine whether to transmit a response message in response to the second paging message or not, based on information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required.

[0276] For example, the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not may be included in the first paging message and / or the second paging message. For example, the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not may be included in both the first paging message and the second paging message. For example, the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not may be included in either the first paging message or the second paging message.

[0277] For example, the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not may be an indication indicating whether multiple responses for paging are required.

[0278] For example, the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not may be a flag expressed by 0 or 1. For example, if the flag has 1, it may inform that the multiple responses for paging are required. If the flag is not exist or the flag has 0, it may inform that the multiple responses for paging are not required.

[0279] For example, the wireless device may consider that the multiple responses for paging are required, based on that the second paging message includes an identity of the second reader.

[0280] For example, the wireless device may transmit, to the second reader, the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are required.

[0281] For example, the wireless device may consider that the multiple responses for paging are not required, based on that the second paging message does not include an identity of the second reader.

[0282] For example, the wireless device may skip transmission of the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are not required.

[0283] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the wireless device may be in communication with at least one of a user equipment, a network, or an autonomous vehicle other than the wireless device.

[0284] Hereinafter, technical features related to indication of multiple response trigger are described.

[0285] To enable the A-IoT device to determine whether to respond to multiple A-IoT paging messages sent from different readers, the reader may indicate within the A-IoT paging message whether multiple responses are required. This indication specifies whether the A-IoT device should respond to each paging message sent by different readers for the same A-IoT service (or request from CN / reader, or trigger / query from the reader, etc.).

[0286] In A-IoT paging message, the following information can be included:

[0287] - Identity information of the target A-IoT device(s) (e.g., single device identity, group identity of group of devices, identity of multiple devices)

[0288] - Resource configuration for the subsequent procedures (e.g., resource for access procedure)

[0289] - Indication of the service triggered by the A-IoT paging message (e.g., inventory only, inventory and command, command only)"

[0290] - Indication of whether the paging message is duplicated (e.g., abovementioned A-IoT paging ID)

[0291] - Indication of the sender of the paging message (e.g., reader identity, or identity related to CN, possibly both of them)

[0292] - Indication of the requirement for multiple responses to paging messages from different senders

[0293] The reader can include an indication in the A-IoT paging message to determine if the paging message has been duplicated. In this case, the criterion for duplication could be set on a per-A-IoT service basis, which can be specified when the CN requests the A-IoT service for the readers. Additionally, if the reader repeatedly executes the requested A-IoT service from the CN (e.g., CN requests periodic paging to the reader, and then the reader repetitive and periodically executes paging without additional requests from CN), the criterion for duplication could be based on each repetition, and the indication may change with each repeated execution. The value of the duplicate indication could also change each time the CN or reader executes the aforementioned A-IoT baseline procedure.

[0294] The reader can include an indication of its identity information (i.e., sender identity) in the A-IoT paging message. This could be the complete address of the reader or another identifier sufficient for A-IoT devices to distinguish between different readers.

[0295] The reader can include an indication of the requirement for multiple responses to A-IoT paging messages from different readers. The indication can be specified to the reader by the CN when requesting an A-IoT service. In this case, the CN informs the readers of the appropriate indication value for multiple responses relevant to the A-IoT service. Alternatively, information regarding the appropriate indication value for multiple responses for each type of A-IoT service may be pre-configured for the reader, or the CN may specify it in advance. In this case, for each A-IoT service requested by the CN, the reader can choose the suitable indication based on the service type, without the CN needing to specify the indication value for every A-IoT service.

[0296] The requirement for multiple responses to A-IoT paging may be indicated explicitly or implicitly. For example, an A-IoT paging message may include an explicit indication (e.g., 1 to indicate the need for multiple responses and 0 to indicate no need for multiple responses). Alternatively, the sender identity (i.e., the identity of the reader that sent the paging message) may be used to implicitly indicate the requirement for multiple responses. If an A-IoT paging message is received without a sender identity (or with an empty sender identity), the A-IoT device may consider the message as not requiring multiple responses. Conversely, if the A-IoT paging message includes a sender identity, the A-IoT device may interpret the message as requiring multiple responses. After receiving an A-IoT paging message, the A-IoT device determines the duplication status of the message from the indication of duplicate, identifies which sender transmitted the paging message from the indication of sender, and decides whether multiple responses are required for the A-IoT paging based on the indication of multiple response. When the A-IoT paging message is received for the first time, indicating it is not a duplicate, the device performs a response and subsequent procedures. Subsequently, upon receiving another A-IoT paging message, if it is identified as a duplicate (previously received), the device behaves differently depending on whether multiple responses are necessary. If multiple responses are not required, the A-IoT device does not respond to the duplicate A-IoT paging message. For A-IoT paging messages requiring multiple responses, the device performs additional responses and subsequent procedures specifically for messages sent by different senders compared to those already received.

[0297] An example of the proposed method is illustrated in FIG. 15.

[0298] FIG. 15 shows an example of a method for an indication for triggering multiple response.

[0299] In FIG. 15, the CN requests an A-IoT service from readers 1, 2, and 3. Each reader subsequently sends an A-IoT paging message to the A-IoT device. Figure 5 provides an example for a single A-IoT service; therefore, the indication of duplication in the A-IoT paging message is assumed to be arbitrary but consistent across different readers. This A-IoT paging message is transmitted by reader 2, hence the reader ID within the A-IoT paging message identifies it as reader 2. The indication of requirement for multiple responses in the A-IoT paging message specifies whether multiple responses are required from different readers. Depending on whether the indication of multiple responses is 'not-required' or 'required', the response pattern differs between case 1 and case 2. If multiple responses are 'not required' and the A-IoT device initially receives the A-IoT paging message from reader 2 (instead of readers 1 and 3), it responds only to reader 2 and disregards the A-IoT paging messages from other readers. On the other hand, if multiple responses are 'required', the A-IoT device responds to each reader as it receives their respective A-IoT paging messages.

[0300] A timer may be introduced to assist an A-IoT device in controlling multiple responses to paging messages. When the device receives a paging message, it starts a timer if the timer is not already running and if the paging message is determined to be not duplicated. If the device receives another paging message while the timer is running, it determines whether to respond based on the duplication indication, the sender identity, and the indication of requirement for multiple responses included in the received paging message. If the device receives another paging message after the timer has expired, it does not respond to the received paging message, even if the duplication indication, the sender identity, and the indication of requirement for multiple responses included in the received paging message suggests that it should.

[0301] When an A-IoT device performs random access in response to a paging message including an indication of requirement for multiple response, the UE may indicate the indication of requirement for multiple response in the UL message transmitted during the random access.

[0302] FIG. 16 shows an example of a method for indication of multiple response trigger.

[0303] In particular, FIG. 16 shows an example of a method performed by a wireless device in a wireless communication system.

[0304] In step S1601, a wireless device may receive a first paging message that includes an indication of whether the paging message is duplicated, an indication of the sender of the paging message, and / or an indication of the requirement for multiple responses to paging messages from different senders.

[0305] In step S1602, a wireless device may perform the first response.

[0306] In step S1603, a wireless device may receive a second paging message that includes an indication of whether the paging message is duplicated, an indication of the sender of the paging message, and / or an indication of the requirement for multiple responses to paging messages from different senders.

[0307] In step S1604, a wireless device may perform the second response to the second paging message if it allows multiple responses and is sent from a different sender than the first paging message, even if it indicates that it is a duplicate of the first paging message.

[0308] Some of the detailed steps shown in the examples of FIGS. 14, 15, and 16 may not be essential steps and may be omitted. In addition to the steps shown in FIGS. 14, 15, and 16, other steps may be added, and the order of the steps may vary. Some of the above steps may have their own technical meaning.

[0309] Hereinafter, an apparatus for responding to multiple paging, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described. Herein, the apparatus may be a wireless device (100 or 200) in FIGS. 2, 3, 5, and 10.

[0310] For example, a wireless device may perform methods described above. The detailed description overlapping with the above-described contents could be simplified or omitted.

[0311] Referring to FIG. 5, a wireless device 100 may include a processor 102, a memory 104, and a transceiver 106.

[0312] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the processor 102 may be configured to be coupled operably with the memory 104 and the transceiver 106.

[0313] For example, the wireless device may include at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations.

[0314] The operations comprise: receiving, from a first reader, a first paging message including a certain transaction identity; transmitting a response message in response to the first paging message; receiving, from a second reader, a second paging message including the certain transaction identity; and determining whether to transmit a response message in response to the second paging message or not, based on information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not, wherein the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not is included in the first paging message and / or the second paging message.

[0315] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes i) information related to at least one target wireless device and / or ii) information related to at least one group of target wireless devices.

[0316] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to resource for an access procedure.

[0317] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to a purpose of a paging procedure.

[0318] For example, the purpose of the initiated paging procedure includes i) 'inventory only', ii) 'both inventory and command', or iii) 'command only'.

[0319] For example, the operations further comprise: considering that the second paging message is a duplication of the first paging message, based on that the certain transaction identity included in the second paging message is same as the certain transaction identity included in the first paging message.

[0320] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to a sender of a paging message.

[0321] For example, the information related to the sender of the paging message includes i) an identity of a reader which transmits the paging message and / or ii) an identity of a core network which initiates a paging procedure.

[0322] For example, the wireless device is an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device.

[0323] For example, the operations further comprise: transmitting, to the second reader, the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are required.

[0324] For example, the operations further comprise: considering that the multiple responses for paging are required, based on that the second paging message includes an identity of the second reader.

[0325] For example, the operations further comprise: skipping transmission of the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are not required.

[0326] For example, the operations further comprise: considering that the multiple responses for paging are not required, based on that the second paging message does not include an identity of the second reader.

[0327] For example, the processor may be adapted to be in communication with at least one of a user equipment, a network, or an autonomous vehicle other than the wireless device.

[0328] Hereinafter, a processor for a wireless device for responding to multiple paging, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

[0329] The processor may be adapted to control the wireless device to perform operations.

[0330] The operations comprise: receiving, from a first reader, a first paging message including a certain transaction identity; transmitting a response message in response to the first paging message; receiving, from a second reader, a second paging message including the certain transaction identity; and determining whether to transmit a response message in response to the second paging message or not, based on information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not, wherein the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not is included in the first paging message and / or the second paging message.

[0331] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes i) information related to at least one target wireless device and / or ii) information related to at least one group of target wireless devices.

[0332] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to resource for an access procedure.

[0333] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to a purpose of a paging procedure.

[0334] For example, the purpose of the initiated paging procedure includes i) 'inventory only', ii) 'both inventory and command', or iii) 'command only'.

[0335] For example, the operations further comprise: considering that the second paging message is a duplication of the first paging message, based on that the certain transaction identity included in the second paging message is same as the certain transaction identity included in the first paging message.

[0336] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to a sender of a paging message.

[0337] For example, the information related to the sender of the paging message includes i) an identity of a reader which transmits the paging message and / or ii) an identity of a core network which initiates a paging procedure.

[0338] For example, the wireless device is an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device.

[0339] For example, the operations further comprise: transmitting, to the second reader, the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are required.

[0340] For example, the operations further comprise: considering that the multiple responses for paging are required, based on that the second paging message includes an identity of the second reader.

[0341] For example, the operations further comprise: skipping transmission of the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are not required.

[0342] For example, the operations further comprise: considering that the multiple responses for paging are not required, based on that the second paging message does not include an identity of the second reader.

[0343] For example, the processor may be adapted to control the wireless device to be in communication with at least one of a user equipment, a network, or an autonomous vehicle other than the wireless device.

[0344] Hereinafter, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions for responding to multiple paging, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

[0345] According to some embodiment of the present disclosure, the technical features of the present disclosure could be embodied directly in hardware, in a software executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. For example, a method performed by a wireless device in a wireless communication may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, a software may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other storage medium.

[0346] Some example of storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. For another example, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components.

[0347] The computer-readable medium may include a tangible and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0348] For example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or any other medium that can be used to store instructions or data structures. Non-transitory computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above.

[0349] In addition, the method described herein may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0350] According to some embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions. The stored a plurality of instructions may be executed by a processor of a wireless device. The stored a plurality of instructions may cause the wireless device to perform operations.

[0351] The operations comprise: receiving, from a first reader, a first paging message including a certain transaction identity; transmitting a response message in response to the first paging message; receiving, from a second reader, a second paging message including the certain transaction identity; and determining whether to transmit a response message in response to the second paging message or not, based on information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not, wherein the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not is included in the first paging message and / or the second paging message.

[0352] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes i) information related to at least one target wireless device and / or ii) information related to at least one group of target wireless devices.

[0353] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to resource for an access procedure.

[0354] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to a purpose of a paging procedure.

[0355] For example, the purpose of the initiated paging procedure includes i) 'inventory only', ii) 'both inventory and command', or iii) 'command only'.

[0356] For example, the operations further comprise: considering that the second paging message is a duplication of the first paging message, based on that the certain transaction identity included in the second paging message is same as the certain transaction identity included in the first paging message.

[0357] For example, the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to a sender of a paging message.

[0358] For example, the information related to the sender of the paging message includes i) an identity of a reader which transmits the paging message and / or ii) an identity of a core network which initiates a paging procedure.

[0359] For example, the wireless device is an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device.

[0360] For example, the operations further comprise: transmitting, to the second reader, the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are required.

[0361] For example, the operations further comprise: considering that the multiple responses for paging are required, based on that the second paging message includes an identity of the second reader.

[0362] For example, the operations further comprise: skipping transmission of the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are not required.

[0363] For example, the operations further comprise: considering that the multiple responses for paging are not required, based on that the second paging message does not include an identity of the second reader.

[0364] For example, the stored a plurality of instructions may cause the wireless device to be in communication with at least one of a user equipment, a network, or an autonomous vehicle other than the wireless device.

[0365] Hereinafter, a method performed by a reader for responding to multiple paging, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

[0366] The method comprises operations. The operations comprise: transmitting, by a reader to a wireless device, a paging message including i) a transaction identity and ii) information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not, wherein the wireless device determines whether to transmit a response message in response to the paging message or not, based on the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not.

[0367] Hereinafter, a reader for responding to multiple paging, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

[0368] The BS may include a transceiver, a memory, and a processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory.

[0369] The processor may be adapted to perform operations. The operations comprise: transmitting, to a wireless device, a paging message including i) a transaction identity and ii) information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not, wherein the wireless device determines whether to transmit a response message in response to the paging message or not, based on the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not.

[0370] The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.

[0371] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the wireless device could efficiently respond to multiple paging based on an indication informing whether multiple responses for paging are required.

[0372] For example, according to the present disclosure, as the A-IoT device becomes aware of whether multiple responses to A-IoT paging messages from different readers are required, the A-IoT device responds to multiple A-IoT paging messages from different readers. This allows A-IoT devices to support A-IoT services requested by the CN that require multiple responses from A-IoT devices to the readers, or enables A-IoT devices to reduce energy consumption and contention by responding to A-IoT paging only once when the A-IoT service does not require multiple responses.

[0373] For example, by performing multiple responses only when necessary, A-IoT devices can efficiently handle multiple paging responses.

[0374] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the wireless communication system could provide an efficient solution for responding to multiple paging.

[0375] Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effects listed above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand and / or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that may be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0376] Claims in the present disclosure can be combined in a various way. For instance, technical features in method claims of the present disclosure can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and technical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

A method, comprising:receiving, by a wireless device from a first reader, a first paging message including a certain transaction identity;transmitting, by the wireless device, a response message in response to the first paging message;receiving, by the wireless device from a second reader, a second paging message including the certain transaction identity; anddetermining, by the wireless device, whether to transmit a response message in response to the second paging message or not, based on information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not,wherein the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not is included in the first paging message and / or the second paging message.The method of claim 1,wherein the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes i) information related to at least one target wireless device and / or ii) information related to at least one group of target wireless devices.The method of claim 1,wherein the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to resource for an access procedure.The method of claim 1,wherein the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to a purpose of a paging procedure.The method of claim 4,wherein the purpose of the initiated paging procedure includes i) 'inventory only', ii) 'both inventory and command', or iii) 'command only'.The method of claim 1,considering, by the wireless device, that the second paging message is a duplication of the first paging message, based on that the certain transaction identity included in the second paging message is same as the certain transaction identity included in the first paging message.The method of claim 1,wherein the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to a sender of a paging message.The method of claim 7,wherein the information related to the sender of the paging message includes i) an identity of a reader which transmits the paging message and / or ii) an identity of a core network which initiates a paging procedure.The method of claim 1,wherein the wireless device is an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device.The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprising:transmitting, by the wireless device to the second reader, the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are required.The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprising:considering, by the wireless device, that the multiple responses for paging are required, based on that the second paging message includes an identity of the second reader.The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprising:skipping, by the wireless device, transmission of the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are not required.The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprising:considering, by the wireless device, that the multiple responses for paging are not required, based on that the second paging message does not include an identity of the second reader.The method of claim 1,wherein the wireless device is in communication with at least one of a user equipment, a network, or an autonomous vehicle other than the wireless device.A wireless device, comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one processor; andat least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising:receiving, from a first reader, a first paging message including a certain transaction identity;transmitting a response message in response to the first paging message;receiving, from a second reader, a second paging message including the certain transaction identity; anddetermining whether to transmit a response message in response to the second paging message or not, based on information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not,wherein the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not is included in the first paging message and / or the second paging message.The wireless device of claim 15,wherein the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes i) information related to at least one target wireless device and / or ii) information related to at least one group of target wireless devices.The wireless device of claim 15,wherein the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to resource for an access procedure.The wireless device of claim 15,wherein the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to a purpose of a paging procedure.The wireless device of claim 18,wherein the purpose of the initiated paging procedure includes i) 'inventory only', ii) 'both inventory and command', or iii) 'command only'.The wireless device of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprising:considering that the second paging message is a duplication of the first paging message, based on that the certain transaction identity included in the second paging message is same as the certain transaction identity included in the first paging message.The wireless device of claim 15,wherein the first paging message and / or the second paging message includes information related to a sender of a paging message.The wireless device of claim 21,wherein the information related to the sender of the paging message includes i) an identity of a reader which transmits the paging message and / or ii) an identity of a core network which initiates a paging procedure.The wireless device of claim 15,wherein the wireless device is an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device.The wireless device of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprising:transmitting, to the second reader, the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are required.The wireless device of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprising:considering that the multiple responses for paging are required, based on that the second paging message includes an identity of the second reader.The wireless device of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprising:skipping transmission of the response message in response to the second paging message, based on the information informing that multiple responses for paging are not required.The wireless device of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprising:considering that the multiple responses for paging are not required, based on that the second paging message does not include an identity of the second reader.The wireless device of claim 15,wherein the wireless device is in communication with at least one of a user equipment, a network, or an autonomous vehicle other than the wireless device.A processor for a wireless device in a wireless communication system, wherein the processor is adapted to control the wireless device to perform operations comprising:receiving, from a first reader, a first paging message including a certain transaction identity;transmitting a response message in response to the first paging message;receiving, from a second reader, a second paging message including the certain transaction identity; anddetermining whether to transmit a response message in response to the second paging message or not, based on information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not,wherein the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not is included in the first paging message and / or the second paging message.A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon a plurality of instructions, which, when executed by a processor of a wireless device, cause the wireless device to perform operations, the operations comprising:receiving, from a first reader, a first paging message including a certain transaction identity;transmitting a response message in response to the first paging message;receiving, from a second reader, a second paging message including the certain transaction identity; anddetermining whether to transmit a response message in response to the second paging message or not, based on information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not,wherein the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not is included in the first paging message and / or the second paging message.A method, the method comprising,transmitting, by a reader to a wireless device, a paging message including i) a transaction identity and ii) information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not,wherein the wireless device determines whether to transmit a response message in response to the paging message or not, based on the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not.A reader, comprising:a transceiver;a memory; andat least one processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, and adapted to perform operations, the operations comprising:transmitting, to a wireless device, a paging message including i) a transaction identity and ii) information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not,wherein the wireless device determines whether to transmit a response message in response to the paging message or not, based on the information informing whether multiple responses for paging are required or not.

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