Device group identification for ambient IoT
By using processing circuitry to assign device group IDs based on type, signal measurements, and communication outcomes, the challenge of managing large ambient IoT device deployments is addressed, enhancing network efficiency and reducing unnecessary communications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/107281
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing networks lack a method to identify and communicate with a subset of ambient IoT devices effectively, as they rely on ambient energy sources, leading to inefficiencies in managing large deployments.
Implementing processing circuitry in devices and readers to generate and process communications, allowing for device group identification based on device type, signal measurements, communication outcomes, or pre-configured IDs, enabling targeted communication with specific device groups.
Enables efficient communication with subsets of ambient IoT devices by assigning and managing device group IDs, optimizing network interactions and reducing unnecessary transmissions.
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Figure CN2024107281_29012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Device Group Identification for Ambient IoTTechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to wireless communication, and in particular, to device group identification for ambient IoT.Background
[0002] A network may support ambient Internet of Things (IoT) devices. An ambient IoT device may harvest energy from the ambient environment. For example, radio waves may serve as an energy source for an ambient IoT device. This feature provides cost and / or size reduction benefits that may enable a variety of different use cases. Some of these use cases relate to a large number of ambient IoT devices being deployed at a location. In some example, the network may only want to communicate with a subset of the ambient IoT devices. There is currently no manner of identifying a subset of ambient IoT devices for which a communication is directed.Summary
[0003] Some example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to generate a reader to device (R2D) communication for transmission to a wireless device, process, based on signaling received from the wireless device, a response to the R2D communication and assign the wireless device to a device group identification (ID) based on the response.
[0004] Other example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to process, based on signals received from a reader, a reader to device (R2D) communication, generate, for transmission to the reader, a response to the R2D communication and determine a device group identification (ID) for the apparatus.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0005] Fig. 1 shows a first example deployment scenario according to various example embodiments.
[0006] Fig. 2 shows a second example deployment scenario according to various example embodiments.
[0007] Fig. 3 shows an example wireless device according to various example embodiments.
[0008] Fig. 4 shows an example user equipment (UE) according to various example embodiments.
[0009] Fig. 5 shows an example base station according to various example embodiments.
[0010] Fig. 6 shows an example signaling diagram for grouping ambient IoT devices according to various example embodiments.
[0011] Fig. 7 shows an example signaling diagram for updating a group ID of ambient IoT devices according to various example embodiments.Detailed Description
[0012] The example embodiments may be further understood with reference to the following description and the related appended drawings, wherein like elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The example embodiments introduce grouping of ambient Internet of things (IoT) devices, identification of the groups of ambient IoT devices and procedures related to communicating with grouped ambient IoT devices.
[0013] The example embodiments are described with regard to ambient IoT devices. An ambient IoT device refers to a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) IoT device that is smaller than other types of IoT devices and provides cost-efficient solutions to various types of use cases such as, but not limited to, tracking and monitoring objects. Throughout this description, the terms “wireless device” or “tag” may be used to generally refer to an ambient IoT device or any other type of smaller wireless device that is equipped with similar capabilities and configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data with a network. Therefore, the terms “ambient IoT device, ” “wireless device” and “tag” as described herein is used to represent any appropriate electronic component.
[0014] The example embodiments are further described with regard to different device types including device type 1, device type 2a and device type 2b. The term “device type 1” may refer to a wireless device that possesses one or more of the following characteristics: a peak power consumption of approximately 1 microwatt (μW) , energy storage capabilities, an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10x parts per million (ppm) where x could be as high as 5, neither downlink nor uplink amplification in the wireless device and uplink transmissions that are backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally to the wireless device.
[0015] The term “device type 2a” may refer to a wireless device that possesses one or more of the following characteristics: a peak power consumption equal to or less than (≤) a few hundred microwatt (μW) , energy storage capabilities, an initial SFO up to 10x ppm where x could be same or lower than that of device type 1, downlink and / or uplink amplification in the wireless device and uplink transmissions that are backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally to the wireless device.
[0016] The term “device type 2b” may refer to a wireless device that possesses one or more of the following characteristics: a peak power consumption of equal to or less than (≤) a few hundred microwatt (μW) , energy storage capabilities, an initial SFO up to 10x ppm where x could be same or lower than that of device type 1, downlink and / or uplink amplification in the wireless device and uplink transmissions that are generated internally by the wireless device. However, any reference to a particular device type (e.g., device type 1, 2a, eb, etc.) is merely provided for illustrative purposes. Different entities may refer to similar concepts in a different manner.
[0017] The example embodiments are also described with regard to a 5G New Radio (NR) network. However, reference to a 5G NR network is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any network that may establish a connection to a wireless device and exchange information and data with the wireless device (e.g., 5G-Advanced networks, 6G networks, etc.) .
[0018] The example embodiments are further described with regard to different types of deployment scenarios. In some examples, the wireless device (e.g., ambient IoT device) may communicate over the air with a base station of the network. In other examples, the wireless device may communicate over the air with a user equipment (UE) that acts as an intermediate node, under network control, between the wireless device and the base station. Throughout this description, the term “reader” may refer to the node that is communicating over the air with the wireless device. Therefore, a reader may refer to a base station or a UE depending on the applicable deployment scenario. Thus, in the example embodiments, communications may be referred to as reader to device (R2D) communications where the transmitter is the reader and the receiver is the ambient IoT device. Similarly, device to reader (D2R) communications refer to the scenario where the transmitter is the ambient IoT device and the receiver is the reader.
[0019] According to some aspects, the example embodiments introduce operations for readers (e.g., UE or base station) to group ambient IoT devices into device groups identifications (IDs) . According to other aspects, the example embodiments introduce operations for an ambient IoT device that is grouped into a device group ID to respond to R2D transmissions indicating the device group ID and R2D transmissions not indicating the device group ID. According to further aspects, the example embodiments introduce operations for an intermediate UE operating as a reader to perform, including Uu signaling with a controlling base station. These and other example embodiments are described in greater detail below.
[0020] Fig. 1 shows a first example deployment scenario 100 according to various example embodiments. The example deployment scenario 100 includes multiple wireless devices 112A –112N. The wireless devices 112A –112N may be ambient I oT devices or any other appropriate type of electronic component that is configured to communicate via a network. An actual deployment scenario may include any number of wireless devices being used by any number of users.
[0021] The example deployment scenario 100 also includes a UE 110. The UE 110 may be any type of electronic component that is configured to communicate via a network, e.g., mobile phones, tablet computers, desktop computers, smartphones, phablets, embedded devices, wearables, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc. An actual deployment scenario may include any number of UEs being used by any number of users. Thus, the example of a single UE 110 is merely provided for illustrative purposes.
[0022] The example deployment scenario 100 also includes a 5G new radio (NR) radio access network (RAN) 120. However, the example embodiments may apply to other types of networks (e.g., sixth generation (6G) RAN, 5G cloud RAN, a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) , a long-term evolution (LTE) RAN, a legacy cellular network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) , etc.) .
[0023] The 5G NR RAN 120 may be a portion of a cellular network that may be deployed by a network carrier (e.g., Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, etc.) . The 5G NR RAN 120 may include base stations or access nodes (Node Bs, eNodeBs, HeNBs, eNBS, gNBs, gNodeBs, macrocells, microcells, small cells, femtocells, etc.) that are configured to send and receive traffic from devices that are equipped with the appropriate cellular chip set. In the example deployment scenario 100, the 5G NR RAN 120 deploys a gNB 120A.
[0024] In the example deployment scenario 100, the UE 110 may be configured to operate as an intermediate node between the wireless devices 112A –112N and the network. Thus, the UE 110 may be configured as a reader and communicate with the wireless devices 112A –112N over the air. The wireless devices 112A –112N may also send messages directly to the UE 110. The channels between the reader (e.g., UE 110) and the wireless devices 112A –112N may be referred to as a physical device-to-reader data channel (PDRCH) for uplink (D2R) communication and a physical reader-to-device data channel (PRDCH) for downlink communication and / or control (R2D) .
[0025] Fig. 2 shows a second example deployment scenario 200 according to various example embodiments. The example deployment scenario 100 includes multiple wireless devices 112A –112N, similar to the example deployment scenario 100. The wireless devices 112A –112N may be ambient IoT devices or any other appropriate type of electronic component that is configured to communicate via a network.
[0026] The example deployment scenario 200 also includes a 5G new radio (NR) radio access network (RAN) 120 similar to the deployment scenario 100. The 5G NR RAN 120 deploys a gNB 120A. In the example deployment scenario 200, the wireless devices 112A –112N communicate directly with the gNB 120A, e.g., there is no intermediate UE. Thus, the gNB 120A may be configured as a reader and communicate with the wireless devices 112A –112N over the air. The wireless devices 112A –112N may also send messages directly to the gNB 120A. The channels between the reader (e.g., gNB 120A) and the wireless devices 112A –112N may also be referred to as the PDRCH for uplink communication and PRDCH for downlink communication and / or control.
[0027] Fig. 3 shows an example wireless device 112 according to various example embodiments, e.g., any of the wireless devices 112A –112N of the example deployments 100 or 200. The wireless device 112 may include a processor 305, a memory arrangement 310, a transceiver 315 and other components 320. The other components may include, for example, an audio output device, a power supply, energy storage, ports to electrically connect the wireless device 112 to other electronic components, etc.
[0028] The processor 305 may be comprised of processing circuitry that is configured to execute a plurality of engines of the wireless device 112. For example, the engines may include an ambient IoT grouping engine 335. The ambient IoT grouping engine 335 may perform various operations related to grouping of the wireless device into device group IDs. To provide some general examples, the ambient IoT grouping engine 335 may perform operations such as, but not limited to, determining a default or preconfigured device group ID for the wireless device 112, determine how to respond to R2D transmissions that include or do not include the device group ID for the wireless device 112 and update the device group ID for the wireless device 112 based on various conditions. These and other operations are described in greater detail below.
[0029] The above referenced engine 335 being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 305 is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The functionality associated with the processor 305 and / or engine 335 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the wireless device 112 or may be a modular component coupled to the wireless device 112, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. The engine may also be embodied as one application or separate applications. In addition, in some devices, the functionality described for the processor 305 is split among two or more processors such as a baseband processor and an applications processor. The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a wireless device.
[0030] The memory arrangement 310 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the wireless device 112. In some examples, the memory arrangement 310 may include non-volatile memory (NVM) that is used to permanently store certain types of information (e.g., device ID, etc.) and registers for temporarily storing information while energy is available in energy storage. However, reference to NVM and registers is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a memory arrangement.
[0031] The transceiver 315 may be a hardware component configured to communicate with the 5G NR-RAN 120, an LTE-RAN (not pictured) , a legacy RAN (not pictured) , a WLAN (not pictured) , etc. Accordingly, the transceiver 315 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . The transceiver 315 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 305 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 315 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 315. The processor 305 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a base station of a network) for implementing any one of the techniques described herein.
[0032] Fig. 4 shows an example UE 110 according to various example embodiments. The UE 110 will be described with regard to the example deployment 100 of Fig. 1. The UE 110 may include a processor 405, a memory arrangement 410, a display device 415, an input / output (I / O) device 420, a transceiver 425 and other components 430. The other components 430 may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a power supply, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the UE 110 to other electronic devices, etc.
[0033] The processor 405 may be comprised of processing circuitry that is configured to execute a plurality of engines for the UE 110. For example, the engines may include an ambient IoT grouping engine 435. The ambient IoT grouping engine 435 may perform various operations related to grouping wireless devices with which the UE 110 is communicating. To provide some general examples, the ambient IoT grouping engine 435 may perform operations such as, but not limited to, determining a device group ID to which a wireless device belongs, direct communications to wireless devices based on the device group ID and update the device group ID of the wireless devices. These and other operations are described in greater detail below.
[0034] The above referenced engine 435 being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 405 is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The functionality associated with the engine 435 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the UE 110 or may be a modular component coupled to the UE 110, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. The engine may also be embodied as one application or separate applications. In addition, in some UEs, the functionality described for the processor 405 is split among two or more processors such as a baseband processor and an applications processor. The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a UE.
[0035] The memory arrangement 410 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the UE 110. The display device 415 may be a hardware component configured to show data to a user while the I / O device 420 may be a hardware component that enables the user to enter inputs. The display device 415 and the I / O device 420 may be separate components or integrated together such as a touchscreen.
[0036] The transceiver 425 may be a hardware component configured to exchange data with the wireless device 112, the 5G NR RAN 120 and / or any other appropriate type of network. Accordingly, the transceiver 425 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . The transceiver 425 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 405 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 425 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 425. The processor 405 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a base station of a network) for implementing any one of the techniques described herein.
[0037] Fig. 5 shows an example base station 500 according to various example embodiments. The base station 500 may represent the gNB 120A of the deployment scenario 100 or 200 or any other type of access node.
[0038] The base station 500 may include a processor 505, a memory arrangement 510, an input / output (I / O) device 515, a transceiver 520, and other components 525. The other components 525 may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a battery, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the base station 500 to other electronic devices and / or power sources, transceiver chains, antenna elements, antenna panels, etc.
[0039] The processor 505 may be comprised of processing circuitry that is configured to execute a plurality of engines for the base station 500. For example, the engines may include an ambient IoT grouping engine 535. The ambient IoT grouping engine 535 may perform various operations related to grouping of ambient IoT devices. To provide some general examples, the ambient IoT grouping engine 535 may perform operations such as, but not limited to, determining a device group ID to which a wireless device belongs, direct communications to wireless devices based on the device group ID and update the device group ID of the wireless devices. These and other operations are described in greater detail below.
[0040] The above noted engine 535 being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 505 is only an example. The functionality associated with the engine 535 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the base station 500 or may be a modular component coupled to the base station 500, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. In addition, in some base stations, the functionality described for the processor 505 is split among a plurality of processors (e.g., a baseband processor, an applications processor, etc.) . The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a base station.
[0041] The memory arrangement 510 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the base station 500. The I / O device 515 may be a hardware component or ports that enable a user to interact with the base station 500.
[0042] The transceiver 520 may be a hardware component configured to exchange data with the UE 110 and / or the wireless devices 112A –112N. The transceiver 520 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . Therefore, the transceiver 520 may include one or more components to enable the data exchange with the various networks, UEs and wireless devices. The transceiver 420 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 505 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 520 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 520. The processor 505 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a UE, a wireless device, etc.) for implementing any one of the methods described herein.
[0043] As described above, in one aspect of the example embodiments, criteria for grouping multiple devices are introduced, e.g., grouping the wireless devices 112A –112N of either deployment scenario 100 or deployment scenario 200. These criteria may be specific to the deployment scenario 100 (e.g., where an intermediate UE acts as the reader) , specific to the deployment scenario 200 (e.g., where a base station acts as the reader) or ay be generic and apply to both deployment scenario 100 and deployment scenario 200.
[0044] In a first option, the device grouping may be based on an explicit indication by the device that identifies the device type. As described above, ambient IoT devices may be categorized as a specific type of device, e.g., Type 1, Type 2a, Type 2b, etc. The devices may be grouped based on their device types. Some examples of potential groupings based on device type are provided below. While there are currently 3 device types defined by 3GPP standards, additional device types may be defined in the future and the grouping by device type may also apply to these newly defined device types.
[0045] The explicit indication provided by each device may include a D2R transmission that identifies the device type of the device performing the transmission. In another example, a D2R transmission may include an electronic product code (EPC) that corresponds to a device type. Thus, in these examples, the reader may use the D2R transmission to determine the device type of the wireless device performing the transmission and use this information for grouping purposes. The explicit indication may be based on a request from the reader or may be included as part of predetermined communication between the device and the reader, e.g., during a configuration with the reader.
[0046] In one example implementation, all devices having a device type 1 may be assigned to a group ID 0 and all devices having a device type 2 (e.g., Type 2a or Type 2b) may be assigned to a group ID 1. In another example implementation, all devices having a device type 1 may be assigned to a group ID 0, all devices having a device type 2a may be assigned to a group ID 1 and all devices having a device type 2b may be assigned to a group ID2. In a further example implementation, all devices having a device type 1 and device type 2a may be assigned to a group ID 0 and all devices having a device type 2b may be assigned to a group ID 1. These are only example implementations and other groupings based on device type may be used.
[0047] In a second option, the device grouping may be based on the measurement of D2R signals at the reader. In this option, different group IDs may be assigned based on the range of measurements. For example, if two device group IDs are defined, then if a measured Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) is above a threshold, the device may be assigned to a group ID 0 and if the measured RSRP is below the threshold, the device may be assigned to a group ID 1. In other examples, multiple thresholds or ranges may be defined and the devices may be grouped into more than two groups based on the multiple thresholds or ranges.
[0048] In some example embodiments, the signal measurements may be based on a preamble (e.g., a known sequence) that is transmitted at the beginning of a D2R transmission. In other example embodiments, the signal measurements may be based on the mid-amble (e.g., a known sequence) that is transmitted in a middle portion of a D2R transmission. In still further example embodiments, the signal measurements may be based on a post-amble (e.g., a known sequence) that is transmitted at the end of a D2R transmission.
[0049] In a third option, the device grouping may be based on an outcome of a communication round with the device. This option will be described with reference to some example use cases.
[0050] In a first use case of the third option, the grouping may be based on a scenario where the reader is communicating with devices for an inventory use case. For example, the reader may be a UE and a user of the reader may be in a warehouse. In this scenario, the reader may send out a request for devices that are within range to send a communication back to the reader. In response to the request, a device may communicate with the reader indicating the device is in range (e.g., is in the warehouse) and the inventory may be updated to confirm the device / corresponding goods is in the warehouse. If the inventory round is successfully completed with a device, the device may be assigned a low-priority group ID, e.g., device group ID 0. In this scenario, because the device has responded to the request, the device may be assigned to the low priority group for a predetermined amount of time. For example, if the next inventory request sent by the reader is within the predetermined amount of time, the inventory request may be sent to devices that are not part of the low priority group because the network is aware that the members of the low priority group have previously responded to an inventory request within the predetermined amount of time and there may be no reason to send these devices another request. When the predetermined amount of time has expired, the device may then be assigned to another group. Thus, in this example use case, the outcome is whether the inventory communication is successful.
[0051] In a second use case of the third option, the grouping may be based on a scenario where the reader is communicating with devices for a command use-case (e.g., turn device on, turn device off, activate device, deactivate device, etc.) In this use case, if a success ful acknowledgement is received from the device (e.g., the device acknowledges the command sent by the reader) , the device may be assigned a low-priority group ID, e.g., device group ID 0. Again, this assignment may be for a predetermined amount of time in that because the reader expects that the device has performed the operation associated with the command, the reader may not have to send any additional signals to the device for the predetermined amount of time. Thus, in this example use case, the outcome is an acknowledgment of receipt of the command from the reader.
[0052] While this third option was described with respect to two example use cases, the example embodiments are not limited to these use cases. The reader / network may use any outcome based communication for the purposes of grouping devices.
[0053] In a fourth option, the device grouping may be based on the device being pre-configured with a default device group ID.For example, in one example implementation, a default device group ID is based on the device type. For example, the standards (e.g., 3GPP Technical Specifications) may define that device Type 1 belong to a group ID 0, device Type 2a belong to a group ID 1 and device Type 2b belong to a group ID 2 (or any other pre-configuration according to device type) . This is different from the first option where the reader and / or the network is responsible for assigning the devices to groups based on the device type.
[0054] In another example implementation, a default device group ID is based on whether the device is able to complete a contention resolution procedure at the start of a communication round, e.g., a high priority group ID is the default device group ID if the device is not able to complete the contention resolution procedure. For example, when multiple devices are attempting to respond to a request from a reader, some of the multiple devices may be unsuccess ful in completing the contention resolution procedure to respond to the request. These devices may determine that they should belong to a high priority group ID because a future communication from the reader is likely to be directed to those devices that have not responded to previous requests.
[0055] In a fifth option, the device grouping may be based on an outcome of a proximity determination, e.g., if the device is determined as near the reader, the device may be assigned a group ID that may be different than a default group ID (if defined) . This option may be similar to the second option if the proximity is based on a strength of the D2R signals, e.g., measurement based proximity. However, other manners of determining proximity may also be used (e.g., response based proximity determination) and this would diverge from the example of the second option. In this option, the device may belong to an initial group (e.g., based on the default device group ID described above for the fourth option) . However, when the reader determines the device is within a predetermined proximity, the reader may ass ign the device to a new group ID.
[0056] The above grouping options are not mutually exclusive, e.g., the above grouping options may be used alone or in combination with one or more of the other grouping options or grouping in manners that were not described above. For example, the third option and the fourth option may be used together where the third option is used when the operation is successful and the fourth option is used when the operation is not successful.
[0057] Fig. 6 shows an example signaling diagram 600 for grouping ambient IoT devices according to various example embodiments. The signaling diagram 600 is performed between a reader 610 (e.g., a UE or a base station) and one or more ambient IoT device (s) 620.
[0058] In 630, the reader 610 initiates communications with ambient IoT device (s) 620. The communication may be any R2D transmission. Some examples of R2D transmissions that initiated communications were described above, e.g., an inventory request, a command, etc. Other R2D transmissions may also be used to initiate communications.
[0059] In 640, the ambient IoT devices 620 respond to the reader 610 with a D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission. Again, some examples of responses were described above, e.g., inventory response, acknowledgement of command, etc. Other D2R transmissions may also be used to respond to the reader 610.
[0060] In 650, the reader 610 completes the communication round and assigns a group ID to the device (s) 620 based on the communication round and communicates this group ID to the devices (s) 620. As described above, there are various options for assigning a device 620 to a particular group ID, e.g., based on device type, signal strength, proximity, outcome of communication round, etc. In some example embodiments, the device 620 may assume a default group ID or pre-configured group ID.In these example embodiments, the signaling 650 may be skipped because the device 620 may determine its group ID based on the default rules and / or pre-configuration. Thus, at the end of the signaling 600, the reader 610 and the device (s) 620 are aware of the group ID to which each of the device (s) 620 belong.
[0061] The above example embodiments relate to grouping of the devices. The following example embodiments describe operations related to the groups for the devices, e.g., how a device belonging to a specific group should operate.
[0062] In some example embodiments, if a device is able to receive an R2D transmission from a reader and if the transmission includes signaling of device group ID, then the device is expected to respond only if it belongs to the same group ID. Otherwise, the device may not respond.
[0063] In a first option, the R2D transmission may include an explicit indication of the device group ID. I f the device belongs to the device group ID, the device may respond to the R2D transmission. Whereas, if the device does not belong to the device group ID, the device may not respond to the R2D transmission even though the device received the transmission.
[0064] In a second option, the R2D transmission may include an implicit indication of the device group ID to which the R2D transmission applies. For example, the implicit indication may be the preamble associated with the R2D transmission. For example, if there are three group IDs, there may be three pre-configured preambles, each of which is associated with one of the device group IDs, e.g., a preamble A corresponds to device group ID 0, a preamble B corresponds to a device group ID 1, etc. In these example embodiments, if the pre-configured preamble for the device group ID is different from the preamble transmitted by the reader, then the device may determine that the transmission is not intended for this particular device group ID and the device may ignore the R2D transmission.
[0065] In a third option, a characteristic of the R2D transmiss ion may signal an implicit indication of the device group ID to which the R2D transmission applies. For example, scrambling may be supported for R2D transmissions and the scrambling sequence is associated with the device group ID, e.g., the device only responds if the scrambling sequence applied to the R2D transmission is the scrambling sequence associated with the group ID to which the device belongs.
[0066] In some example embodiments, a group ID of a device may be updated, e.g., the group ID of a device may not be static.
[0067] In one option, the device may receive an R2D transmission from the reader to update its group ID. The R2D transmission may be a unicast transmission (e.g., using device specific ID information) or a groupcast (e.g., using the current group ID information) . The R2D transmission may include a new / updated device group ID for the specific device (e.g., when a unicast R2D transmission is used) or for all devices in the group (e.g., when a groupcast R2D transmission is used) .
[0068] In another option, the device may autonomously update the device group ID based on a counter / timer. For example, when the counter reaches a predetermined value or the timer expires, the device may autonomously update the group ID of the device to a default group ID or a pre-configured device group ID. An example of this updating of the device group ID using a counter / timer is described with respect to signaling diagram 700.
[0069] Fig. 7 shows an example signaling diagram 700 for updating a group ID of ambient IoT devices according to various example embodiments. The signaling diagram 700 is performed between a reader 710 (e.g., a UE or a base station) and one or more ambient IoT device (s) 720. In the following description, it will be described that the ambient IoT device (s) 720 is a single device. However, the signaling 700 may apply to multiple ambient IoT device (s) 720.
[0070] The operations 730-750 are similar to the operations 630-650 described above with reference to signaling diagram 600. When the operations 730-750 are completed, in 755, the reader 710 considers that the contention resolution round is completed. Thus, at the completion of the operation 755, the reader 710 and the device 720 are aware of the group ID to which the device 720 belongs.
[0071] In 760, the device 720 may initiate a counter or a timer that may be used to update the group ID. For example, the group ID assigned to the device in operation 750 may only be valid for a predetermined number of events as determined by a counter (e.g., a number of R2D transmissions received, etc.) or a predetermined amount of time as measured by a timer. The device 720 may initiate the timer / counter in 760.
[0072] In 765, the device 720 receives an R2D transmission from the reader 710. As described above, the R2D transmission may be destined for the device 720, e.g., the R2D transmission includes an explicit or implicit indication of the group ID to which the device 720 belongs. The R2D transmission may also not be destined for the device 720, e.g., the R2D transmission includes an explicit or implicit indication of a group ID to which the device 720 does not belong.
[0073] In 770, the device 720 checks the device ID that is indicated by the R2D transmission to determine if the R2D transmission is destined for the device 720. I f the R2D transmission is destined for the device 720, the device 720 may respond to the R2D transmission. I f the R2D transmission is not destined for the device 720, the device 720 may ignore the R2D transmission.
[0074] If the device 720 implements a counter, the device 720 may increment (or decrement) the counter upon the occurrence of an event, e.g., each time an R2D transmission is received, each time an R2D transmission is destined for the device 720 is received, each time an R2D transmission that is not destined for the device 720 is received, etc. In 775, the device 720 checks the counter and when the counter reaches a predetermined value, the device 720 may update the group ID for the device 720 based on the counter reaching the predetermined value. For example, the device 720 may update the group ID to a default group ID (e.g., based on device type, etc.) or a pre-configured device group ID (e.g., the network may configure the device to update its group ID to a specific group ID when the counter reaches a predetermined value) . The predetermined value of the counter may have a set value for all group IDs, a value based on the specific group ID, a value defined by standards (e.g., 3GPP Technical Specifications) , a value signaled when the group ID is signaled to the device (e.g., in operation 750) , etc.
[0075] If the device 720 implements a timer, the device 720 may initiate the timer at 760 and continuously check the timer thereafter. When the timer expires, the device 720 may update the group ID for the device 720 based on the timer expiring. For example, the device 720 may update the group ID to a default group ID (e.g., based on device type, etc.) or a pre-configured device group ID (e.g., the network may configure the device to update its group ID to a specific group ID when the counter reaches a predetermined value) . The timer value may have a set value for all group IDs, a value based on the specific group ID, a value defined by standards (e.g., 3GPP Technical Specifications) , a value signaled when the group ID is signaled to the device (e.g., in operation 750) , etc.
[0076] For example, when the device 720 is initially assigned a group ID, the group ID may be for a low priority group. Thus, while the device 720 is in the low priority group, the device 720 may have a low probability of receiving communications, e.g., the reader 710 is more likely to communicate with high priority devices. However, the device 720 (or the network) may not want the device 720 to remain in the low priority group indefinitely. Thus, the timer or counter may be used to update the device 720 to a higher priority group after a predetermined number of events (e.g., counter) or after a predetermined amount of time (e.g., timer) .
[0077] As described above, in the deployment scenario 100, the UE 110 operates as the reader. When the UE 110 operates as a reader, it is generally under the control of the base station (e.g., gNB 120A) or the network (e.g., RAN 120) . This control includes Uu signaling from the base station to the UE. The grouping of the devices may involve additional Uu signaling between the UE 110 and the base station. The following may provide examples of the Uu signaling between the UE 110 and the base station when the UE 110 is operating as a reader.
[0078] In a first option, the base station may provide the UE 110 with an explicit indication of the device group ID (s) corresponding to each of the device (s) with which the UE 110 is communicating. For example, if the UE 110 is communicating with 10 devices, the base station may provide an explicit indication of the group IDs for each of the 10 devices to the UE 110. The UE 110 may then prepare R2D transmissions accordingly, e.g., with the specific group ID associated with the set or subset of devices with which the UE 110 is communicating.
[0079] In a variant of the first option, for a given transmission / reception on a configured / scheduled set of resources, the network may associate a specific group ID, e.g., all the devices that the UE 110 communicates with on those configured / scheduled set of resources may be associated with the same corresponding device group ID.
[0080] In a second option, the UE 110 may determine the group ID(s) of the devices with which it is communicating based on any of the manners described above, e.g., the first through fifth options described above for grouping devices. In this option, the UE 110 may operate in the same manner as the base station operates when determining the grouping for the devices. Thus, the UE 110 may operate independently of the base station / network when assigning group IDs to the devices, e.g., the UE 110 may not be explicitly signaled by the base station with respect to the group IDs for the devices with which it is communicating.
[0081] In some example embodiments, when the UE 110 receives a response from one or multiple devices and if the received responses are not associated with the corresponding device group ID that is assigned for the configured / scheduled set of resources, the UE 110 may ignore the response and does not forward the response to the network / base station. If the received response provides a device group ID that corresponds to the device group that is assigned for the configured / scheduled set of resources, the UE 110 may forward the response to the network / BS and the corresponding device group ID.
[0082] In some example embodiments, all the devices communicating with a given UE 110 may be assigned the same device group ID. In one implementation, when a UE 110 is assigned as a reader, the base station may assign a device group ID for the UE 110 and the UE 110 applies the assigned device group ID for communicating with the devices.
[0083] The UE 110 may not be expected to communicate or be assigned devices with another different device group ID, unless signaled by the base station. This may apply, for example, in a dense deployment of devices, e.g., where there are multiple ambient IoT devices and multiple UEs acting as readers. A first UE may send a R2D transmission to the devices having a first group ID with which the first UE is communicating. The first UE will then expect to receive D2R transmissions from these devices having the first group ID. However, at approximately the same time, a second UE may send a R2D transmission to the devices having a second group ID with which the second UE is communicating. The first UE may also receive the D2R transmissions from these devices having the second group ID. In this scenario, the first UE may ignore the D2R transmissions from the devices having the second group ID.
[0084] Examples
[0085] In a first example, a method, comprising generating a reader to device (R2D) communication for transmission to a wireless device, processing, based on signaling received from the wireless device, a response to the R2D communication and assigning the wireless device to a device group identification (ID) based on the response.
[0086] In a second example, the method of the first example, wherein the response comprises an indication of a device type of the wireless device, wherein the device group ID is assigned based on the device type.
[0087] In a third example, the method of the second example, wherein the indication comprises an explicit indication of the device type or an electronic product code (EPC) of the wireless device or unique ID associated with the device.
[0088] In a fourth example, the method of the first example, wherein determining a measurement value for the response and wherein the device group ID is assigned is based on the measurement value.
[0089] In a fifth example, the method of the fourth example, wherein the measurement value is a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of the response.
[0090] In a sixth example, the method of the first example, wherein the R2D communication is a request and the response is a successful completion of the request, and wherein the device group ID is assigned based on a successful completion of the request.
[0091] In a seventh example, the method of the first example, wherein the response comprises an acknowledgement of the R2D communication, and wherein the device group ID is assigned based on the acknowledgement.
[0092] In an eighth example, the method of the first example, wherein the response comprises a lack of a response from the wireless device, and wherein the device group ID is assigned based on the lack of the response.
[0093] In a ninth example, the method of the first example, wherein the processing circuitry determines a proximity of the wireless device based on the response, and wherein the device group ID is assigned based on the proximity.
[0094] In a tenth example, the method of the first example, further comprising generating, for transmission to the wireless device, a reader to device (R2D) transmission comprising an indication of the device group ID.
[0095] In an eleventh example, the method of the tenth example, wherein the indication of the device group ID comprises a preamble of the R2D transmission associated with the device group ID.
[0096] In a twelfth example, the method of the tenth example, wherein the R2D transmission is scrambled with a scrambling sequence, wherein the indication of the device group ID comprises the scrambling sequence associated with the device group ID.
[0097] In a thirteenth example, the method of the tenth example, further comprising generating, for transmission to the wireless device, a message updating the device group ID for the wireless device.
[0098] In a fourteenth example, the method of the first example, further comprising processing, based on signals received from a base station, an indication of the device group ID to which the wireless device belongs.
[0099] In a fifteenth example, the method of the first example, further comprising processing, based on signaling received from a base station, a configuration of a set of resources, wherein the configuration comprises the device group ID when the wireless device is configured or scheduled to perform a transmission or reception using the set of resources.
[0100] In a sixteenth example, the method of the first example, further comprising processing, based on signaling received from the wireless device, a device to reader (D2R) transmission, determining the D2R transmission is from the device group ID to which the wireless device is assigned and forwarding the D2R transmission to a base station.
[0101] In a seventeenth example, the method of the first example, further comprising processing a device to reader (D2R) transmission, determining the D2R transmission is from a second wireless device that is not assigned to the device group ID and ignoring the D2R transmission.
[0102] In an eighteenth example, the method of the first example, wherein all wireless devices are assigned a same device group ID.
[0103] In a nineteenth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the first through eighteenth examples.
[0104] In a twentieth example, a user equipment (UE) configured to perform any of the methods of the first through eighteenth examples.
[0105] In a twenty first example, a base station configured to perform any of the methods of the first through eighteenth examples.
[0106] In a twenty second example, a method comprising processing, based on signals received from a reader, a reader to device (R2D) communication, generating, for transmission to the reader, a response to the R2D communication and determining a device group identification (ID) for the apparatus.
[0107] In a twenty third example, the method of the twenty second example, further comprising processing, based on signaling received from the reader, a second R2D communication, wherein the device group ID is determined based on the second R2D communication.
[0108] In a twenty fourth example, the method of the twenty second example, wherein the response comprises an explicit indication of a device type or an electronic product code (EPC) or unique ID associated with the device.
[0109] In a twenty fifth example, the method of the twenty second example, wherein determining the device group ID is based on a pre-configuration received prior to the R2D communication.
[0110] In a twenty sixth example, the method of the twenty fifth example, wherein the pre-configuration is based on a device type.
[0111] In a twenty seventh example, the method of the twenty fifth example, further comprising performing a contention resolution procedure in response to the R2D communication, wherein the processing circuitry determines the device group ID based on the contention resolution procedure being successful or unsuccessful.
[0112] In a twenty eighth example, the method of the twenty second example, further comprising processing a second R2D communication and determining whether the second R2D communication comprises an indication of the device group ID.
[0113] In a twenty ninth example, the method of the twenty eighth example, further comprising generating, for transmission to the reader, a second response to the second R2D communication when the second R2D communication comprises the indication of the device group ID.
[0114] In a thirtieth example, the method of the twenty eighth example, further comprising ignoring the second R2D communication when the second R2D communication does not comprise the indication of the device group ID.
[0115] In a thirty first example, the method of the twenty eighth example, wherein the indication of the device group ID comprises a preamble of the second R2D transmission associated with the device group ID.
[0116] In a thirty second example, the method of the twenty eighth example, wherein the second R2D transmission is scrambled with a scrambling sequence, wherein the indication of the device group ID comprises the scrambling sequence associated with the device group ID.
[0117] In a thirty third example, the method of the twenty eighth example, further comprising processing, based on signaling received from the reader, a message updating the device group ID.
[0118] In a thirty fourth example, the method of the twenty second example, further comprising initiating a counter based on determining the device group ID, changing a value of a counter based on a predetermined event and, when the value of the counter is a predetermined value, updating the device group ID.
[0119] In a thirty fifth example, the method of the twenty second example, further comprising initiating a timer based on determining the device group ID and, when the timer is expired, updating the device group ID.
[0120] In a thirty sixth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the twenty second through thirty fifth examples.
[0121] In a thirty seventh example, an ambient IoT device configured to perform any of the methods of the first through eighteenth examples.
[0122] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described example embodiments may be implemented in any suitable software or hardware configuration or combination thereof. An example hardware platform for implementing the example embodiments may include, for example, an Intel x86 based platform with compatible operating system, a Windows OS, a Mac platform and MAC OS, a mobile device having an operating system such as iOS, Android, etc. The example embodiments of the above described method may be embodied as a program containing lines of code stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that, when compiled, may be executed on a processor or microprocessor.
[0123] Although this application described various embodiments each having different features in various combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that any of the features of one embodiment may be combined with the features of the other embodiments in any manner not specifically disclaimed or which is not functionally or logically inconsistent with the operation of the device or the stated functions of the disclosed embodiments.
[0124] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0125] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made in the present disclosure, without departing from the spirit or the scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalent.
Claims
1.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:generate a reader to device (R2D) communication for transmission to a wireless device;process, based on signaling received from the wireless device, a response to the R2D communication; andassign the wireless device to a device group identification (ID) based on the response.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the response comprises an indication of a device type of the wireless device, wherein the device group ID is assigned based on the device type.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the indication comprises an explicit indication of the device type or an electronic product code (EPC) of the wireless device or unique ID associated with the device.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry determines a measurement value for the response and wherein the device group ID is assigned based on the measurement value.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the R2D communication is a request and the response is a successful completion of the request, and wherein the device group ID is assigned based on a successful completion of the request.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the response comprises an acknowledgement of the R2D communication, and wherein the device group ID is assigned based on the acknowledgement.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the response comprises a lack of a response from the wireless device, and wherein the device group ID is assigned based on the lack of the response.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry determines a proximity of the wireless device based on the response, and wherein the device group ID is assigned based on the proximity.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:generate, for transmission to the wireless device, a reader to device (R2D) transmission comprising an indication of the device group ID.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the indication of the device group ID comprises a preamble of the R2D transmission associated with the device group ID.11.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the R2D transmission is scrambled with a scrambling sequence, wherein the indication of the device group ID comprises the scrambling sequence associated with the device group ID.12.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process, based on signals received from a base station, an indication of the device group ID to which the wireless device belongs.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process, based on signaling received from a base station, a configuration of a set of resources, wherein the configuration comprises the device group ID when the wireless device is configured or scheduled to perform a transmission or reception using the set of resources.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process, based on signaling received from the wireless device, a device to reader (D2R) transmission;determine the D2R transmission is from the device group ID to which the wireless device is assigned; andforward the D2R transmission to a base station.15.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process a device to reader (D2R) transmission;determine the D2R transmission is from a second wireless device that is not assigned to the device group ID; andignore the D2R transmission.16.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a component of a user equipment (UE) and all wireless devices communicating with the UE are assigned a same device group ID.17.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:process, based on signals received from a reader, a reader to device (R2D) communication;generate, for transmission to the reader, a response to the R2D communication; anddetermine a device group identification (ID) for the apparatus.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process, based on signaling received from the reader, a second R2D communication, wherein the device group ID is determined based on the second R2D communication.19.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the response comprises an explicit indication of a device type or an electronic product code (EPC) or unique ID associated with the device.20.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processing circuitry determines the device group ID based on a pre-configuration received prior to the R2D communication.
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