Curable silicone composition
The curable silicone composition with a polyether additive addresses the instability of electrical conductivity and adhesion issues in silicone adhesives, achieving stable conductivity and strong bonding to metal substrates through a combination of specific components.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/107493
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-29
AI Technical Summary
Silicone-based electrically conductive adhesives face challenges with poor stability of electrical conductivity at high temperatures due to oxidation of metal fillers, leading to increased volume resistivity and compromised EMI-shielding performance, while maintaining sufficient adhesion to metal substrates is also a concern.
A curable silicone composition incorporating a specific amount of polyether as an additive, along with alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane, silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane, platinum catalyst, and electrically conductive filler, which upon curing, provides improved electrical conductivity and adhesion to aluminum, with stable conductivity after heat aging.
The composition achieves lower volume resistivity variation after heat aging and maintains lap shear strength to aluminum, ensuring effective electrical conductivity and adhesion to metal substrates.
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Abstract
Description
CURABLE SILICONE COMPOSITIONFIELD
[0001] The present invention is a curable silicone composition and an electrically conductive silicone adhesive produced from such composition.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) materials are widely used in the fabrication and assembly of electronic devices, integrated circuits, semiconductor devices (die attach) , light emitting diodes (LEDs) , solar modules and wearable devices. ECAs can also be used as grounding or shielding material for electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI-shielding) applications. Generally, electrically conductive adhesives are placed between two substrates (typically metal surface) to provide mechanical bonding and offer conductive interconnection.
[0004] Silicone-based ECAs comprising curable silicone elastomer and electrically conductive metal fillers have drawn considerable attention due to inherent flexibility, processability and thermal stability properties over other polymer-based ECAs. However, electrically conductive metal fillers such as silver tend to oxidize over time and eventually become non-conductive. Silicone adhesives comprising such fillers generally show poor stability of electrical conductivity at high temperatures (e.g., 80-150 ℃) , as indicated by a ten to hundred fold increase in volume resistivity (VR) when used at 80-125 ℃ for one month. Meanwhile the oxidation of silver fillers in ECAs at elevated temperatures may result in decreased EMI-shielding performance. Therefore, it is challenging to reduce VR variation of silicone adhesives after heat aging for an extended period of time. Incorporation of a hydroxy-functional organic compound having a molecular weight up to 1000 and containing at least one hydroxy group per molecule into a curable silicone composition such as in US6433055B1 can decrease initial volume resistivity of adhesives, but volume resistivity of the adhesives after aging significantly increased.
[0005] Moreover, silicone adhesives require affording sufficient adhesion to substrates, such as aluminum. It is also desirable that addition of additives into curable silicone compositions would not significantly compromise the adhesives' adhesion to metal substrates (e.g., affording lap shear strength to aluminum of no lower than2.0 megapascals (MPa) after curing at 150 ℃) .
[0006] Therefore, there is a continued need to discover a silicone composition suitable for preparing electrically conductive adhesives with improved stability of electrical conductivity without significant compromising adhesion to metal substrates.SUMMARY
[0007] The present invention provides a novel curable silicone composition comprising a specific amount of a specified polyether (E) as an additive. The curable silicone composition, upon curing (e.g., 150 degrees Celsius (℃) , 30 minutes) , provides a cured product, such as a silicone adhesive, with improved electrical conductivity, as indicated by a lower volume resistivity (VR) than cured products made from a similar silicone composition lacking only the polyether (E) . In the meanwhile, such cured product shows stable electrical conductivity after heat aging, as indicated by volume resistivity variation after heat aging (125 ℃ for 720 hours) less than 2000%and affords good adhesion to aluminum, as indicated by lap shear strength to aluminum of at least 2.0 megapascals (MPa) as determined by ASTM D1002. Volume resistivity properties are measured according to the Volume Resistivity Measurement described in the Examples section below.
[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention is a curable silicone composition comprising, by weight based on the total weight of the curable silicone composition,
[0009] (A) 0.5%to 50%of an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of at least two alkenyl groups per molecule;
[0010] (B) a silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule;
[0011] wherein the silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane is present in an amount sufficient to provide a molar ratio of silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms to alkenyl groups for the composition of 0.5 to 10;
[0012] (C) a platinum catalyst;
[0013] (D) 66%to 95%of an electrically conductive filler; and
[0014] (E) 0.1%to 0.8%of a polyether that is a copolymer containing an ethylene oxide unit and a propylene oxide unit and having at least one allylic end group.
[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention is a process for preparing the curable silicone composition of the first aspect. The process comprises: admixing the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane (A) , the silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane (B) , the platinum catalyst (C) , the electrically conductive filler (D) , and the polyether (E) .
[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention is a silicone adhesive comprising a cured product of the curable silicone composition of the first aspect.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] Test methods refer to the most recent test method as of the priority date of this document when a date is not indicated with the test method number. References to test methods contain both a reference to the testing society and the test method number. The following test method abbreviations and identifiers apply herein: ASTM refers to ASTM International methods and GB / T refers to China recommended national standard.
[0018] Products identified by their tradename refer to the compositions available under those tradenames on the priority date of this document. “And / or” means “and, or as an alternative” . All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise stated, all weight percent (wt%) values are relative to composition weight and all volume percent (vol%) values are relative to composition volume.
[0019] Characterization of a polyorganosiloxane can be conducted using 29Si and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique, such as, described in US Patent 9, 593, 209, Reference Example 2 at col. 32, which can be used to measure the mole percentage of methyl, weight content of silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms, silicon atom-bonded hydroxyl content, molar ratios of M (RM3SiO1 / 2) and Q (SiO4 / 2) units, and molar percentage and weight percentage of alkenyl (e.g., vinyl) groups described below.
[0020] “Electrically conductive filler” refers to any filler that exhibits an intrinsic resistivity of less than 1 ohm·centimeter (Ω·cm) at 25 ℃ as determined by GB / T 351-2019 (China national standard for metallic materials-resistivity measurement method) .
[0021] “Polyorganosiloxane” refers to a silicone polymer with repeating Si-O-Si units.
[0022] “Alkenyl” herein refers to a branched or unbranched, monovalent hydrocarbon group having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
[0023] “Alkyl” means a cyclic, branched, or unbranched, saturated monovalent hydrocarbon group.
[0024] A “curable” composition means the composition can undergo a crosslinking reaction ( “curing” ) to form a crosslinked material. The crosslinking reaction herein can be a hydrosilylation reaction between component (A) and component (B) described below. The curable silicone composition of the present invention comprises components (A) , (B) , (C) , (D) and (E) , and optionally, components (F) and / or (G) , described below.
[0025] The curable silicone composition comprises component (A) an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of two or more alkenyl groups per molecule. The alkenyl groups can be terminal, pendant, or a combination of both terminal and pendant. “Terminal” groups are on end siloxane groups of a molecule. “End” siloxane groups are attached to only one other siloxane group. “Pendant” groups are on interior siloxane group -siloxane groups bound to at least two other siloxane groups -of the molecule. “Siloxane group” is a group containing SiO that is bound to another Si through the oxygen of the SiO. The alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane is typically free of a silicon atom-bonded alkoxy group. The alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane can be a linear structure, partially branched linear structure, branched structure, cyclic structure, network structure, or dendritic structure.
[0026] The alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane (A) may comprise, or can consist of, component (A1) , one or more than one polyorganosiloxane of formula (I) , (R13SiO1 / 2) 2 (R12SiO2 / 2) n (I)
[0027] where each R1 is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group, n is in a range of 35 to 1000, and the polyorganosiloxane contains an average of at least two alkenyl groups per molecule.
[0028] The value of n in formula (I) may be in a range of 35 to 100, and can be 50 or higher, 100 or higher, 150 or higher, 200 or higher, 250 or higher, even 300 or higher while at the same time is generally 900 or lower, and can be 800 or lower, 700 or lower, 650 or lower, or even 600 or lower.
[0029] The alkyl groups represented by R1 typically have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 6, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g., iso-propyl and / or n-propyl) , butyl (e.g., isobutyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, and / or sec-butyl) , pentyl (e.g., isopentyl, neopentyl, and / or tert-pentyl) , hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl, and branched alkyl groups of 6 or more carbon atoms; and cyclic alkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Preferred alkyl is methyl.
[0030] The alkenyl groups represented by R1 typically have 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, propenyl (e.g., isopropenyl, and / or n-propenyl) ; and butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, and heptenyl, (including branched and linear isomers of 4 to 7 carbon atoms) ; and cyclohexenyl. Preferably, the alkenyl group is vinyl. The alkenyl groups in the polyorganosiloxane (A1) may be located at terminal, pendant, or both terminal and pendant positions. Desirably, at least 50 mol%, 60 mol%or more, 70 mol%or more, or even 80 mol%or more of the alkyl groups represented by R1 are methyl. Mole percentage of methyl herein can be determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Specific examples of the polyorganosiloxane (A) include ViMe2SiO (Me2SiO) nSiMe2Vi, ViMe2SiO (Me2SiO) 0.98n (MeViSiO) 0.02nSiMe2Vi, and Me3SiO (Me2SiO) 0.95n (MeViSiO) 0.05nSiMe3, where Me and Vi denote methyl and vinyl, respectively, and n is as defined above.
[0031] Examples of suitable polyorganosiloxanes (A1) include a1) dimethylvinylsiloxy- terminated polydimethylsiloxane, a2) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane) , a3) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane, a4) trimethylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane) , a5) trimethylsiloxy-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane, a6) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane) , a7) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylphenylsiloxane) , a8) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / diphenylsiloxane) , a9) phenyl, methyl, vinyl-siloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, a10) dimethylhexenylsiloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, a11) dimethylhexenylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylhexenylsiloxane) , a12) dimethylhexenylsiloxy-terminated polymethylhexenylsiloxane, a13) trimethylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylhexenylsiloxane) , a14) trimethylsiloxy-terminated polymethylhexenylsiloxane, a15) dimethylhexenylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylhexenylsiloxane) , a16) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylhexenylsiloxane) , or combinations thereof. Desirably, the polyorganosiloxane (A1) is selected from a1) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, a2) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane) , or a combination of a1) and a2) . The polyorganosiloxanes (A1) are known in the art and may be prepared by methods such as hydrolysis and condensation of the corresponding organohalosilanes or equilibration of cyclic polyorganosiloxanes. The polyorganosiloxane (A1) can be a single polyorganosiloxane of formula (I) or a mixture comprising two or more polyorganosiloxanes that differ in at least one of the following properties: structure, average molecular weight, siloxane units, and sequence.
[0032] The alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane (A) may comprise, or can consist of, component (A2) , one or more than one polyorganosilicate resin. The polyorganosilicate resin comprises monofunctional units ( “M” units) of formula RM3SiO1 / 2, and tetrafunctional silicate units ( “Q” units) of formula SiO4 / 2, where each RM is as defined in formula (II) below. (RM3SiO1 / 2) m (SiO4 / 2) z (II) ,
[0033] where each RM is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group, m ≥ 31, z ≥ 40, the ratio of m to z ( “m / z ratio” ) is in a range of 0.5 to 1.2, (m+z) has a value sufficient to provide the polyorganosilicate resin with a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 6,000 to 30,000 g / mol as measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis, and the polyorganosilicate resin (A2) contains an average of at least two alkenyl groups per molecule.
[0034] The Mn of the polyorganosilicate resin can be in a range of 6,000 to 30,000 g / mol, and can be 10,000 or more, even 15,000 g / mol or more while at the same time is generally 30,000 g / mol or less, and can be 28,000 g / mol or less, 25,000 g / mol or less, or even 22,000 g / mole or less. The Mn of the polyorganosilicate resin can be measured using GPC analysis, when the peak representing the neopentamer is excluded from the measurement. A suitable GPC test method for measuring Mn is disclosed in U.S. Patent 9,593,209, Reference Example 1 at col. 31.
[0035] The alkyl groups represented by RM typically have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or 1 to 12, or 1 to 6, or even 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, pentyl, hexyl, and cyclohexyl. The alkenyl groups represented by RM typically have from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl groups include, vinyl, allyl, butenyl, and hexenyl. Desirably, the alkyl group is methyl, and the alkenyl group is vinyl.
[0036] The polyorganosilicate resin (A2) typically consists essentially of the RM3SiO1 / 2 units and SiO4 / 2 units. “Consists essentially of' means a combined amount of M units and Q units in the polyorganosilicate resin is 98%or more, by weight based on the total weight of polyorganosilicate resin. The polyorganosilicate resin also contains HOSiO3 / 2 units (TOH units) , which account for the silicon-bonded hydroxyl content of the polyorganosilicate resin. The silicon-bonded hydroxyl content of the polyorganosilicate resin, as determined by NMR analysis, is typically less than 2%or less than 1%, by weight based on the total weight of the polyorganosilicate resin. The polyorganosilicate resin may contain a neopentamer organopolysiloxane having the formula Si (OSiRM3) 4, a by-product in the preparation of the resin according to the method of Daudt et al., described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,676,182, which is hereby incorporated by reference to teach how to make polyorganosilicate resins.
[0037] The molar ratio of M units to Q units (i.e., “m / z ratio” , hereinafter referred to as “M / Q ratio” ) in the polyorganosilicate resin is typically in a range of 0.5 to 1.2, 0.65 to 1.1, or 0.8 to 1.0, as determined by 29Si NMR analysis. The M / Q ratio represents the total number of M units to the total number of Q units in the polyorganosilicate resin, including contributions from any neopentamer if present.
[0038] The polyorganosilicate resin (A2) may contain an average of 3 to 20 mol%, and can be 4 mol%or more, even 5 mol%or more while at the same time generally 17 mol%or less, or even 15 mol%or less, of alkenyl groups. The mole percentage of alkenyl groups in the resin is defined here as the ratio of the number of moles of alkenyl-containing siloxane units in the resin to the total number of moles of siloxane units in the resin, multiplied by 100%. The total number of moles of siloxane units in the resin includes the M, Q, and TOH units described above, which can be determined by NMR analysis.
[0039] Desirably, the polyorganosilicate resin is a resin consisting essentially of CH=CH (CH3) 2SiO1 / 2 units, (CH3) 3SiO1 / 2 units, and SiO4 / 2 units, more desirably, the mole ratio of M units (including CH=CH (CH3) 2SiO1 / 2 units and (CH3) 3SiO1 / 2 units) to Q units (i.e., SiO4 / 2 units) is 0.8, and the resin contains 2.0%by weight of vinyl groups. Weight percentage of vinyl groups in the resin, as determined by NMR analysis, is defined here as the total molar weight of vinyl groups in the resin relative to the molecular weight of the resin, multiplied by 100%. The synthesis process of polyorganosilicate resins is known in the art, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,732,191.
[0040] The concentration of component (A) the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane may be in a range of 0.5%to 50%, and can be 1%or more, 3%or more, 5%or more, 7%or more, 7.5%or more, 9%or more, 10%or more, even 11%or more while at the same time is generally 40%or less, and can be 35%or less, 30%or less, 25%or less, 20%or less, or even 15%or less, desirably, 5%to 15%, by weight based on the total weight of the curable silicone composition. For example, the amount of the polyorganosiloxane (A1) may be in a range of zero to 20%, and can be 1%or more, 5%or more, even 7%or more while at the same time is generally 15%or less, and can be 10%or less, or even 9%or less, desirably 5%to 10%. The amount of the polyorganosilicate resin (A2) may be in a range of zero to 8%, and can be 0.5%or more, 0.8%or more, 1%or more, 1.2%or more, 1.3%or more, 1.4%or more, even 1.5%or more while at the same time is generally 5.5%or less, and can be 5%or less, 4.5%or less, 4.2%or less, or even 4%or less, desirably, 1%to 4.5%, alternatively, 1%to 4.2%, alternatively, 1%to 4%, alternatively, 1.2%to 4.2%, by weight based on the total weight of the curable silicone composition. Desirably, the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane (A) comprises 5%to 10%of component (A1) and 1%to 4.2%of component (A2) .
[0041] The curable silicone composition comprises component (B) one or more silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane. “Silyl hydride” functionality refers to having a hydrogen atom bonded directly to a silicon atom to form an SiH group.
[0042] The silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane useful in the present invention has an average of at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule (also referred to as “crosslinker” ) . The silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane may have an average chemical structure of formula (III) : R3-hHhSiO- (HRSiO) e- (R2SiO) f-SiHh'R3-h' (III) ,
[0043] where each R is independently an alkyl group; H is a hydrogen atom; h and h' refer to the average number of terminal hydrogens on the respective ends of the molecule and each independently have a value of 0, 1, 2 or 3, desirably 0, 1 or 2, more desirably 0 or 1, most desirably 0; e is the average number of (HRSiO) groups per molecule and is generally in a range of 0 to 50; provided that the combination of e, h, and h' (i.e., a quantity (e+h+h') ) is at least 2; if h and h' are both 0 then e is in a range of 2 to 30; if h and h′are both non-0 then e can be 0 to 30 provided the combination of e, h and h' is 2 or more; f is the average number of (R2SiO) groups per molecule and generally in a range of 0 to 200, provided that a quantity (e+f) >0.
[0044] The value of e may be in a range of 0 to 50, and can be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, even 9 or more while at the same time is typically 40 or less, and can be 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, or even 2 or less, desirably, 2 to 8.
[0045] The value of f may be in a range of 0 to 200, and can be 1 or more, 10 or more, 14 or more, 20 or more, 25 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, and can be 75 or more, 100 or more, 125 or more, 150 or more, 175 or more, even 190 or more while at the same time is typically 175 or less, and can be 150 or less, 125 or less, 100 or less, 75 or less, 50 or less, 40 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 22 or less, or even 20 or less, desirably, 5 to 30.
[0046] The alkyl group represented by R in formula (III) may have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 6, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms, including, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl. Desirably, R is methyl.
[0047] Desirably, the silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane has the structure of (CH3) 3SiO- [ (CH3) 2SiO] 28- [HCH3SiO] 28-Si (CH3) 3.
[0048] The silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane (B) can act as a crosslinker in the composition. The concentration of silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms (also referred to as “SiH content” ) in the silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane may be in a range of 0.1%to 2%, and can be 0.5%or more, 0.6%or more, even 0.75%or more while at the same time is generally 1.9%or less, and can be 1.8%or less, 1.75%or less, 1.7%or less, or even 1.6%or less, by weight based on the weight of the silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane. The SiH content can be determined by NMR analysis.
[0049] Methods of preparing silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxanes, such as hydrolysis and condensation of organohydridohalosilanes, are well known in the art, for example, see U.S. Patent 3,957,713 to Jeram et al. and U.S. Patent 4,329,273 to Hardman, et al. Silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxanes can also be prepared as described, for example in U.S. Patent 2,823,218 to Speier, et al., which discloses silyl hydride functional organosiloxane oligomers and linear polymers, e.g., 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentamethyldisiloxane; bis-trimethylsiloxy-terminated polymethylhydrogensiloxane homopolymer; bis-trimethylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethyl / methylhydrogen) siloxane copolymer; and cyclic polymethylhydrogensiloxanes. Silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxanes are also commercially available, such as those available under the names DOWSILTM 1-3510, DOWSILTM Q2-5057S, and DOWSILTM 6-3570 polymers all available from The Dow Chemical Company (DOWSIL is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company or its affiliates) .
[0050] Examples of suitable silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxanes (B) include b1) trimethylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethyl / methylhydrogen) siloxane, b2) trimethylsiloxy-terminated polymethylhydrogensiloxane, b3) dimethylhydrogensiloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, b4) dimethylhydrogensiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylhydrogensiloxane, b5) dimethylhydrogensiloxy-terminated polymethylhydrogensiloxane, b6) a resin consisting essentially of H (CH3) 2SiO1 / 2 units and SiO4 / 2 units, or combinations thereof.
[0051] The silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane (B) may be present in an amount sufficient to provide a molar ratio of silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms to alkenyl groups from the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane (A) , referred to as “SiH / Vi ratio” , of 0.5 to 10, and can be 0.6 or higher, 0.7 or higher, 0.8 or higher, 0.9 or higher, 1.0 or higher, 1.05 or higher, even 1.1 or higher while at the same time is typically 7.0 or lower, and can be 5.0 or lower, 3.0 or lower, 2.8 or lower, 2.6 or lower, 2.0 or lower, 1.8 or lower, 1.5 or lower, 1.2 or lower, or even 1.0 or lower, desirably, 0.5 to 3.0, more desirably, 0.8 to 3.0, most desirably, 1.1 to 2.0. The concentration of the silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane (B) may be in a range of 0.2%to 2.0%, and can be 0.3%or more, 0.4%or more, 0.5%or more, even 0.7%or more while at the same time is generally 1.9%or less, and can be 1.8%or less, 1.6%or less, 1.5%or less, 1.2%or less, or even 1.0%or less, by weight based on the total weight of the curable silicone composition.
[0052] The curable silicone composition comprises one or more than one platinum (Pt) catalyst as component (C) that is useful for promoting the addition reaction (i.e., hydrosilylation reaction) of component (A) with component (B) , also referred to as platinum hydrosilylation catalyst. Pt catalysts may include Pt compounds and / or Pt complexes such as platinum (0) -1, 3- divinyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane (Karstedt's catalyst) , H2PtCl6, di-μ. -carbonyl di-. π. -cyclopentadienyldinickel, platinum-carbonyl complexes, platinum-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane complexes, platinum cyclovinylmethylsiloxane complexes, platinum acetylacetonate (acac) , platinum black, platinum compounds such as chloroplatinic acid, chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate, a reaction product of chloroplatinic acid and a monohydric alcohol, platinum bis (ethylacetoacetate) , platinum bis (acetylacetonate) , platinum dichloride; complexes of the above platinum compounds with olefins or low molecular weight organopolysiloxanes; or platinum compounds microencapsulated in a resin matrix or core-shell type structure. Complexes of platinum with low molecular weight organopolysiloxanes may include 1, 3-diethenyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane complexes with platinum. Desirably, component (C) are particles comprising a thermoplastic resin and the Pt catalyst such as the Pt complex described above. The structure of microparticles may be a structure wherein the platinum catalyst is dissolved or dispersed into the thermoplastic resin, or a microcapsule structure wherein the platinum catalyst is encapsulated in the thermoplastic resin shell. The thermoplastic resin may have a softening point of greater than 45 ℃ to 200 ℃, from 50 and 180 ℃, or from 60 and 160 ℃, as measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from TA instruments. These microparticles can be stored under room temperature (20-25 ℃) or temperatures no greater than 35 ℃, and release Pt during heat curing (e.g., at temperatures of 60 ℃ or higher) . Desirably, the thermoplastic resin is an acrylate polymer such as a thermoplastic polymethyl methylmethacrylate-co-butyl acrylate copolymer. Exemplary hydrosilylation reaction catalysts are described in U.S. Patents 3,159,601 and 3,220,972, and platinum catalyst particles are described in U.S. Patents 9,227,183 and US11,319,412. Platinum hydrosilylation reaction catalysts are commercially available, for example, SYL-OFFTM 4000, SYL-OFFTM 4500, and SYL-OFFTM 2700 Catalysts are available from The Dow Chemical Company (SYL-OFF is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company or its affiliates) . Two different catalysts that activate at different temperatures can be used.
[0053] The catalyst component (C) can be in present an amount sufficient to catalyze hydrosilylation reaction of silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms and alkenyl groups. Typically, the amount of the hydrosilylation reaction catalyst is sufficient to provide 1 to 50 weight parts per million weight parts (ppm) of the curable silicone composition, of the platinum, and can be 5 ppm or more, 10 ppm or more, 20 ppm or more, even 30 ppm or more while at the same time is generally 45 ppm or less, and can be 40 ppm or less, 35 ppm or less, or even 30 ppm or less, of the platinum. Alternatively, the concentration of the platinum-based hydrosilylation reaction catalyst may be in a range of 0.005%to 0.5%, and can be 0.01%or more, 0.03%or more, 0.04%or more, 0.05%or more, even 0.06%or more while at the same time is typically 0.4%or less, and can be 0.3%or less, 0.2%or less, 0.1%or less, 0.09%or less, 0.08%or less, 0.07%or less, or even 0.06%or less, by weight based on the weight of the curable silicone composition.
[0054] The curable silicone composition of the present invention comprises one or more electrically conductive filler as component (D) . The electrically conductive filler typically comprises silver, gold, platinum, or particles having at least an outer surface of a metal selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, copper, or alloys thereof. The electrically conductive filler may comprise particles consisting of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, copper, or alloys thereof; desirably silver. Alternatively, the electrically conductive filler may comprise particles having only an outer surface consisting of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, or alloys thereof; and a core that is different from the outer surface (also referred to as “metal-coated particles” ) . The core of such particles can be any material, electrical conductor or insulator, which supports the outer surface and does not adversely affect electrical properties of silicone adhesives made from the curable silicone composition (i.e., cured products of the curable silicone composition) . Examples of such materials for the core include copper, graphite, aluminum, glass such as solid glass or hollow glass, mica, nickel, carbon fiber, or ceramic particles. Desirably, the electrically conductive filler comprises silver coated particles. The electrically conductive filler may include, for example, silver coated nickel particles, silver coated aluminum particles, silver coated copper particles, silver coated glass particles, or mixtures thereof, desirably, silver coated nickel particles. The silver coated particles typically have a silver content of 1%to 60%, and can be 5%or more, 10%or more, 15%or more, even 18%or more while at the same time is typically 55%or less, and can be 50%or less, 45%or less, or even 40%or less, desirably, 15%to 45%, based on the weight of the silver-coated particles, as determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) .
[0055] The electrically conductive filler (D) typically has the form of a powder with the shape of flakes, rods, fibers, or spherical or other irregular shape. The electrically conductive filler may include fillers prepared by treating the surfaces of the aforementioned particles with at least one organosilicon compound. Suitable organosilicon compounds include those typically used to treat silica fillers, such as organochlorosilanes, organosiloxanes, organodisilazanes, organoalkoxysilanes, or mixtures thereof. The electrically conductive filler can be a single electrically conductive filler as described above or a mixture of two or more such fillers that differ in at least one of the following properties: composition, surface area, surface treatment, particle size, and particle shape.
[0056] Methods of preparing electrically conductive fillers suitable for use in the curable silicone composition of the present invention are well known in the art. For example, powders of silver, gold, platinum, or palladium, or alloys thereof are typically produced by chemical precipitation, electrolytic deposition, or cementation. Flakes of the aforementioned metals are typically produced by grinding or milling the metal powder. Particles having only an outer surface of at least one of the metals described above are typically produced by metallizing an appropriate core material using a method such as electrolytic deposition, electroless deposition, or vacuum deposition. When the electrically conductive filler is a filler prepared by treating the surfaces of the particles with the organosilicon compound, the particles can be treated prior to admixture with the other components of the curable silicone composition or the particles can be treated in situ during the preparation of the curable silicone composition. Methods of preparing electrically conductive fillers suitable for use as component (D) are well known in the art.
[0057] The electrically conductive filler (D) may have a median particle size in a range of 1 to 100 micrometers (μm) , and can be 5 μm or more, 8 μm or more, 10 μm or more, 15 μm or more, 20 μm or more, 25 μm or more, 30 μm or more, 35 μm or more, even 40 μm or more while at the same time is generally 90 μm or less, and can be 80 μm or less, 75 μm or less, 70 μm or less, 65 μm or less, 60 μm or less, 50 μm or less, or even 40 μm or less. “Median particle size” refers to a D50 particle size as measured using Laser Diffraction particle size analyzer from Beckman Coulter (Model LS 13 320) by determining the volume weighted particle size distribution of 108 particles. The curable silicone composition may comprise one, or two or more electrically conductive fillers different in median particle sizes and / or compositions. For example, the electrically conductive filler (D) comprises (d1) a first filler having a median particle size in a range of greater than 10 to 100 μm, and (d2) a second filler having a median particle size in a range of from 5 to 10 μm. The first and second fillers can be silver coated nickel particles. The weight ratio of the first filler to the second filler may be in a range of 1 to 10, and can be 1 to 8, 1 to 5, or 1 to 3. For example, the silver coated nickel particles may be present in an amount of zero to 89%, and can be 35%or more, 40%or more, 45%or more, 50%or more, even 55%or more while at the same time is typically 88%or less, and can be 87%or less, 86%or less, 85%or less, 84%or less, or even 83%or less, by weight based on the total weight of the silicone composition.
[0058] The electrically conductive filler (D) present in the curable silicone composition may be in an amount to impart electrical conductivity to the cured products (e.g., silicone adhesives) produced from the curable silicone composition. The concentration of the electrically conductive filler depends on the desired electrical properties, surface area of the filler, density of the filler, shape of the filler particles, surface treatment of the filler, and nature of the other components in the curable silicone composition. For example, the electrically conductive filler is present in an amount such that the curable silicone composition, upon curing, has a volume resistivity less than 0.1 Ω·cm as measured in accordance with GB / T 1551-2009 (Test method for measuring resistivity of monocrystal silicon) . Alternatively, the concentration of the electrically conductive filler (D) may be in a range of 66%to 95%, and can be 70%or more, 75%or more, 77%or more, 80%or more, 82%or more, 85%or more, even 87%or more while at the same time is generally 94%or less, and can be 93%or less, 92%or less, 91%or less, 90%or less, 89%or less, 88%or less, or even 87%or less, desirably, 82%to 89%, by weight based on the total weight of the curable silicone composition.
[0059] The curable silicone composition comprises component (E) one or more polyether that is a copolymer containing one or more ethylene oxide units and one or more propylene oxide units, and having at least one allylic end group (also referred to as “allyl terminated polyether” ) . As used herein, “allylic end group” refers to a group having the structure of [CH2=C (R2) -CH2-] , where R2 is as described below. The allyl terminated polyether can be a linear or branched random copolymer.
[0060] The allyl terminated polyether (E) may have the structure of formula (IV) : CH2=C (R2) - (CH2) c- [CH2-CH2-O-] b- [CH (CH3) -CH2-O-] a-R3 (IV) ,
[0061] where R2 is a hydrogen atom (H) or an alkyl group typically having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or even 1 to 3 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl) ; R3 is selected from H, an acetyl group ( “-CO-CH3” or ) , a glycidyl group ( “-CH2-CHCH2O” or ) , a methallyl group (-CH2-C (CH3) =CH2) , an allyl group (-CH2-CH=CH2) , or an alkyl group typically having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or even 1 to 2 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl) ; a is in a range of 1 to 200; b is in a range of 1 to 200; (a+b) ≥ 10; and c is in a range of 0 to 10.
[0062] The sequence of ethylene oxide unit (- (CH2CH2-O) -, also referred to as “EO unit” ) and propylene oxide unit (- (CH2CHCH3-O) -, also referred to as “PO unit” ) of formula (IV) may be random or may be oriented in block configurations of any kind such as a single block of ethylene oxide units and a single block of propylene oxide units.
[0063] In formula (IV) , “b” , representing the average number of ethylene oxide unit, is in a range of 1 to 200, and can be 2 or more, 4 or more, 12 or more, 14 or more, 16 or more, even 18 or more while is generally 150 or less, and can be 120 or less, 100 or less, 80 or less, 50 or less, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 28 or less, or even 24 or less, can be 12 to 100, desirably, 15 to 100, more desirably, 12 to 30, most desirably, 15 to 26; and
[0064] “a” , representing the average number of propylene oxide unit, is in a range of 1 to 200, and can be 1 to 150, 1 to 100, 1 to 50, 2 to 40, 5 to 40, or 5 to 30, desirably, 1 to 50, more desirably, 1 to 30, most desirably, 7 to 18. Desirably, b is in a range of 15 to 100 and a is in a range of 1 to 50.
[0065] The quantity (a+b) can be 10 or more, and can be 15 or more, 20 or more, even 24 or more while at the same time is generally 140 or less, and can be 100 or less, 80 or less, 50 or less, 45 or less, 40 or less, 36 or less, 32 or less, or even 31 or less. Desirably, (a+b) is sufficient to give the polyether a molecular weight as described below.
[0066] The ratio of b to a ( “b / aratio” ) , i.e., the molar ratio of the ethylene oxide unit to the propylene oxide unit, can be in a range of 0.5 to 10, and can be 0.8 to 8, or 1 to 4.
[0067] The values of a and b may meet one or both of the following conditions:
[0068] (i) b is in a range of 15 to 100 and a is in a range of 1 to 50; and
[0069] (ii) the b / aratio is in a range of 0.5 to 10.
[0070] Desirably, R3 in formula (IV) is selected from a glycidyl group, a methyl allyl group, or an allyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more desirably, a glycidyl group.
[0071] The polyether useful in the present invention can be prepared by reacting an allyl alcohol with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide under an alkaline catalyst. Methods and conditions used for the preparation of ally terminated polyethers are known to those skilled in the art, for example, in CN115322359B. Epoxy capped allyl-polyether can be prepared by reacting epichlorohydrin and an allyl terminated polyether with one hydroxyl end group under a catalyst such as boron trifluoride. Methods and conditions are known in the art such as those described in Fuel 93 (2012) : 632-637 or CN116082627A.
[0072] The polyether (E) may have a molecular weight in a range of greater than 1,000 g / mol to 8,000 g / mol, and can be 1,100 g / mol or more, 1,200 g / mol or more, 1,300 g / mol or more, 1,400 g / mol or more, 1,500 g / mol or more, 1,600 g / mol or more, 1,700 g / mol or more, 1,800 g / mol or more, even 1,900 g / mol or more while is generally 7,000 g / mol or less, and can be 6,000 or less, 5,000 g / mol or less, 4,500 g / mol or less, 4,000 g / mol or less, 3,000 g / mol or less, 2,500 g / mol or less, 2,000 g / mol or less, 1,900 g / mol or less, 1,500 g / mol or less, or even 1,400 g / mol or less, desirably, greater than 1,000 to 5,000 g / mol, more desirably, 1,100 to 3,000 g / mol, most desirably, 1,200 to 2,000 g / mol, as measured using NMR analysis. Further details may be referred to the test method described in the Examples section below.
[0073] The concentration of the polyether (E) may be in a range of 0.08%to 0.8%, and can be 0.1%or more, 0.12%or more, 0.15%or more, 0.18%or more, 0.2%or more, 0.22%or more, 0.25%or more, 0.28%or more, even 0.3%or more while at the same time is typically 0.75%or less, and can be 0.7%or less, 0.6%or less, 0.5%or less, 0.4%or less, or even 0.35%or less, desirably, 0.1%to 0.5%, more desirably, 0.1%to 0.4%, most desirably, 0.15%to 0.35%, by weight based on the total weight of the curable silicone composition.
[0074] The curable silicone composition may comprise, or be free of, one or more hydrosilylation reaction inhibitor (also referred to as “inhibitor” or “cure inhibitor” ) as component (F) that may optionally be used for altering rate of reaction of the silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms and the alkenyl groups in the curable silicone composition, as compared to reaction rate of the same starting materials but with the inhibitor omitted. Examples of suitable inhibitors include acetylenic alcohols such as methyl butynol, ethynyl cyclohexanol, dimethyl hexynol, and 3, 5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 1-butyn-3-ol, 1-propyn-3-ol, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol, 3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol, 4-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol, 3, 5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, and 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol, and a combination thereof; cycloalkenylsiloxanes such as methylvinylcyclosiloxanes exemplified by 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-1, 3, 5, 7-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrahexenylcyclotetrasiloxane, and a combination thereof; ene-yne compounds such as 3-methyl-3-penten-1-yne, 3, 5-dimethyl-3-hexen-1-yne, and a combination thereof; triazoles such as benzotriazole; phosphines; mercaptans; hydrazines; amines, such as tetramethyl ethylenediamine, 3-dimethylamino-1-propyne, n-methylpropargylamine, propargylamine, and 1-ethynylcyclohexylamine; dialkyl fumarates such as diethyl fumarate, dialkenyl fumarates such as diallyl fumarate, dialkoxyalkyl fumarates, maleates such as diallyl maleate and diethyl maleate; nitriles; ethers; carbon monoxide; alkenes such as cyclo-octadiene, divinyltetramethyldisiloxane; alcohols such as benzyl alcohol; or combinations thereof.
[0075] The concentration of the hydrosilylation reaction inhibitor (F) may be in a range of 0 to 0.3%, and can be 0.01%or more, 0.02%or more, 0.03%or more, 0.05%or more, even 0.1%or more while at the same time is typically 0.25%or less, and can be 0.2%or less, or even 0.15%or less, by weight based on the total weight of the curable silicone composition.
[0076] The curable silicone composition may comprise, or be free of, one or more adhesion promoter as component (G) . The adhesion promoter may comprise an alkoxysilane including an unsaturated or epoxy-functional alkoxysilane, a combination (i.e., physical blend and / or a reaction product) of an alkoxysilane and a hydroxy-functional polyorganosiloxane, or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable epoxy-functional alkoxysilanes include 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, (epoxycyclohexyl) ethyldimethoxysilane, (epoxycyclohexyl) ethyldiethoxysilane, or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable unsaturated alkoxysilanes include vinyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, hexenyltrimethoxysilane, undecylenyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyl triethoxysilane, 3-acryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-acryloyloxypropyl triethoxysilane, or mixtures thereof.
[0077] Desirably, the adhesion promoter is a reaction product and / or a blend of the epoxy-functional alkoxysilane with a hydroxy-terminated polyorganosiloxane such as a hydroxy-terminated vinyl polyorganosiloxane. The adhesion promoter may include (g-1) a combination (i.e., a physical blend and / or a reaction product) of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and a hydroxy-terminated vinyl polydimethylsiloxane such as a blend and / or a reaction product of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and a hydroxy-terminated methylvinyl / dimethylsiloxane copolymer; (g2) a blend and / or a reaction product of epoxycyclohexane ethyl trimethoxysilane and hydroxyterminated methylvinyl / dimethylsiloxane copolymer., or a mixture of (g1) and (g2) . Suitable commercially available adhesion promoters may include, for example, SYL-OFFTM 297, SYL-OFFTM 397, and SYL-OFFTM SL 9250 Anchorage Additives all available from The Dow Chemical Company.
[0078] The concentration of the adhesion promoter (G) may be in a range of 0 to 5%, and can be 0.01%or more, 0.05%or more, 0.1%or more, even 0.5%or more while at the same time is typically 4.5%or less, and can be 4%or less, 3.5%or less, 3%or less, 2.5%or less, 2%or less, 1.5%or less, or even 1%or less, by weight based on the total weight of the curable silicone composition.
[0079] In addition to the components described above, the curable silicone composition may comprise or be free of one or more than one of the following additives: fillers other than electrically conductive fillers, pigments, and antioxidants. These additives may be present in the curable silicone composition in a total amount of 0 to 0.5%, and can be 0.01%to 0.2%, or 0.05%to 0.15%, by weight based on the total weight of the curable silicone composition.
[0080] The curable silicone composition can be prepared by admixing components (A) , (B) , (C) , (D) and (E) , and optionally, any optional components such as (F) , (G) , and / or optional additives described above, typically at room temperature (23±2 ℃) . The curable silicone composition can be a one-part composition or a multi-part composition. Mixing of the components in the curable silicone composition can be accomplished by any of the techniques known in the art such as milling, blending, and stirring, either in a batch or continuous process. The curable silicone composition can be prepared without the aid of a solvent. The curable silicone composition is typically stored in a sealed container to prevent exposure to air and moisture. The curable silicone composition may be stored at room temperature for several weeks without any change in the properties of a cured product made from the curable silicone composition (e.g., a silicone adhesive) , or at a temperature below 0 ℃, preferably from -30 to -20 ℃ for several months.
[0081] The curable silicone composition is useful for various applications. For example, the curable silicone composition cures to form electrically conductive adhesives, electrically conductive coatings, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, release coatings, moldmaking compounds; protective coatings for electronic circuitry, planar surfaces, fibers or small particles, or gasketing materials. Upon curing, the curable silicone composition forms a cured product. Such cured product may provide a high electrical conductivity, as indicated by a volume resistivity less than 0.1 Ω·cm, desirably, 0.01 Ω·cm or less, as measured according to GB / T 1551-2009. The curable silicone composition is particularly useful for preparing an electrically conductive silicone adhesive.
[0082] The present invention also relates to a silicone adhesive comprising a cured product of the curable silicone composition, i.e., a silicone adhesive formed by curing the curable silicone composition via hydrosilylation reaction. The silicone adhesive may be used to form an adhesive article on a substrate by applying the curable silicone composition to the substrate. Applying the curable silicone composition to the substrate can be performed by various means including, for example, dispensing, spinning a thin film coating, jetting, spraying, dipping, pouring, screen printing, extrusion or by the use of a brush, roller or coating bar. The substrate can be any material that can withstand the curing conditions described below used to cure the curable silicone composition to form the silicone adhesive on the substrate. Suitable substrates may include, for example, epoxies, polycarbonates, poly (butylene terephthalate) resins, polyamide resins and blends thereof, such as blends of polyamide resins with syndiotactic polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes, styrene-modified poly (phenylene oxides) , poly (phenylene sulfides) , vinyl esters, polyphthalamides, polyimides, silicon, aluminum, stainless steel alloys, titanium, copper, nickel, silver, gold, or combinations thereof, preferably, the substrate that can be used in electronic applications. For example, the present invention can provide an electronic device comprising the substrate and the curable silicone composition or the silicone adhesive, disposed on the substrate. Curing the curable silicone composition may be conducted at room temperature or at elevated temperatures up to 200 ℃, for example, 70 to 200 ℃ or 125 to 175 ℃, for a time sufficient to cure the curable silicone composition (e.g., 1 to 3 hours) . The silicone adhesive shows balanced properties of both stable electrical conductivity at high temperatures and good adhesion to aluminum. “Stable electrical conductivity at high temperatures” refers to a volume resistivity (VR) variation less than 2000%, after aging the cured product (e.g., the silicone adhesive) at 125 ℃ for 720 hours; and can be 1000%or less, 500%or less, 400%or less, 300%or less, 200%or less, or even 150%or less. VR variation is determined according to the test method described in the Examples section below. “Good adhesion” refers to lap shear strength for the cured product (e.g., the silicone adhesive) to aluminum of at least 2.0 MPa, as determined in accordance with ASTM D1002. Further details may refer to the test method described in the Examples section.
[0083] The present invention also provides a method of bonding a first substrate to a second substrate. The method comprises (i) applying the curable silicone composition to the surface of at least one of the substrates, (ii) contacting the two substrates with the curable silicone composition residing therebetween, and (iii) curing the curable silicone composition. The two substrates are those as described above and can be the same or different. Curing the curable silicone composition can be conducted as described above.
[0084] EXAMPLES
[0085] Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in the following Examples, where all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified. Table 1 lists the materials for use in electrically conductive silicone adhesive samples described herein below, where “Me” refers to a methyl group, “Vi” refers to CH2=CH-, “EO” refers to - (CH2CH2-O) -, “PO” refers to - (CH2CHCH3-O) -, “Allyl” refers to CH2=CH-CH2-, and “Glycidyl” refers to
[0086] Table 1
[0087] Viscosities of polysiloxanes were determined according to ASTM-D1084 at 25 ℃ using Brookfield viscometer DV-II. Vinyl contents of polysiloxanes were determined according to NMR analysis, such as described in US Patent 9, 593, 209, Reference Example 2 at col. 32. Viscosities of Additives in centistoke were determined according to ASTM D445 at 25 ℃ using CANNON miniAV viscometry. Mn of allyl terminated polyether Additives was determined by NMR (further information provided under the Molecular Weight Measurement described below) . Mn of other polyether Additives was calculated by (56100*f) / OHV, where f represents an average number of hydroxyl groups per molecule of the Additive, and OHV represents hydroxyl value of the polymer additive in the units of mg KOH / g as determined by ASTM D4274-2011. “Particle size” of Filler refers to median particle size as determined according to the test method described below. DOWFAX, CARBOWAX, DOWSIL, and SYL-OFF are trademarks of The Dow Chemical Company or its affiliates.
[0088] The following standard analytical equipment and methods are used in the Examples and in determining the properties and characteristics stated herein:
[0089] Median Particle Size of Electrically Conductive Fillers
[0090] Determine median particle size, i.e., D50 particle size, of fillers using Laser Diffraction particle size analyzer from Beckman Coulter (Model LS 13 320) by determining the volume weighted particle size distribution of 108 particles.
[0091] Volume Resistivity Measurement
[0092] A curable silicone composition was casted into a mold (15 millimeters (mm) *5 mm*0.5 mm (thickness) ) on a glass slide and then cured at 150 ℃ for 30 minutes to form cured samples. The cured samples were placed at room temperature for 12 hours prior to volume resistivity (VR) testing.
[0093] The VR properties of the cured samples were measured using a four-point probe resistivity tester (ST2253) from Suzhou Jingge Electronic Co., Ltd. (China) according to GB / T 1551-2019. The as prepared cured samples on the glass slide were placed under the resistivity tester and an initial VR of the cured samples was measured, denoted as VRInitial. The samples were then put into an oven for heat aging at 125 ℃ for 720 hours, then cooled to room temperature and left for more than 12 hours before testing. The VRs of the samples after heat aging was measured, denoted as VRAging. The variation of VR before and after heat aging, denoted as VRVariation, is calculated based on the following equation: VRVariation = (VRAging / VRInitial) *100%
[0094] Lap Shear Test
[0095] Lap shear strength of adhesives for bonding aluminum panels was determined in accordance with ASTM D1002.
[0096] Aluminum test panels (Q-PANEL aluminum standard substrates with width of 1 inch) were wiped with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) before testing. A curable silicone composition was applied in a 2.54 cm x 1 cm section to one side of aluminum panel. A second aluminum panel was then pressed on top of the adhesive. The panel assembly was held together with binder clips (from Staples) to bond line as 1 mm. The obtained lap shear samples were then cured at 150 ℃ for 0.5 hour in an oven, and then cooled down and left at room temperature for 1 day before testing. Prior to testing, the clips were removed, and the excess adhesive was cut off from the lap shear edge to ensure the adhesion area is 2.54 mm x 1 cm. Overlap shear test were then conducted using Instron Tensile Tester Q3366 from Instron Corporation) at a speed of 50.8 mm / min. Lap shear strength was determined in MPa, failure mode was evaluated in %cohesive failure (%CF) or %adhesion failure (%AF) , average of 2 replicates.
[0097] Molecular weight measurement of allyl terminated polyether additives using NMR
[0098] About 1.0 g of a polyether additive sample was dissolved in 3 mL of D-Acetone (0.025 M Cr (acac) 3) at room temperature to get a homogenous solution. All NMR spectra were acquired at room temperature on a Bruker AVANCE II 600 MHz spectrometer operating at a 13C resonance frequency of 150.92 MHz. A 10 mm cro-probe was employed. Chemical shifts were given in ppm (parts per million) relative to Tetramethylsilane. Zgig was used as the pulse program of 13C NMR with an observe pulse of 90 degree. Recycle delay was set to 12 seconds. The sample was scanned for 1024 times.
[0099] The degree of polymerization (DP) of EO and PO units in an allyl terminated polyether can be calculated according to 13C NMR results, with equations below:
[0100] where “a” represents the DP of PO units, AAllyl CH represents the peak area of CH in Allyl group at 136 ppm, Apo-CH3 represents the peak area of methyl group in PO units at 17 ppm; “b” represents the DP of EO units, and AbO+PO represents the peak area of (-CH2-CH2-) in EO units and (-CH2-CH-) in PO units from 67 ppm to 78 ppm.
[0101] The molecular weight of an Allyl-EOb-POa-H can be calculated by the following equation:
[0102] Mn = 58 + 44*b+ 58*a.
[0103] The molecular weight of an Allyl-EOb-POa-Glycidyl can be calculated by the following equation:
[0104] Mn = 115 + 44*b + 58*a.
[0105] Median Particle Size of Electrically Conductive Fillers
[0106] Determine median particle size, i.e., D50 particle size, of fillers using Laser Diffraction particle size analyzer from Beckman Coulter (Model LS 13 320) by determining the volume weighted particle size distribution of 108 particles.
[0107] Inventive Examples (IEs) 1-7 and Comparative Examples (CE) 1-7 Silicone Compositions
[0108] Formulations for silicone composition samples are in Tables 2 and 3, with the amount of each component reported in %by weight relative to the total weight of components in each composition. Samples were prepared using a dental mixer (DAC600 VAC mixer from Flack Tek, Inc. ) . Vi Polymer A was weighted in a 50 g polypropylene dental cup, then Additive E if used was added and mixed using a dental mixer at 800 rpm for 20 seconds, at 1000 rpm for 20 seconds, and then at 1500 rpm for 20 seconds. Afterwards, D1 and D2 Fillers, and H1 Filler if used, were added and mixed with a speed mixer at 800 rpm for 20 seconds, 1000 rpm for 20 seconds, and 1500 rpm for 20 seconds. Then the mixture was heated at 80 ℃ for 1 hour. After cooling to room temperature, Inhibitor F, Crosslinker B, and Adhesion Promoter G were added and mixed using a speed mixer at 800 rpm for 30 seconds and then at 1000 rpm for 30 seconds. Finally, Pt Catalyst C was added into the resulting mixture and mixed at 800 rpm for 120 seconds with degassing in vacuum. These samples were stored in a refrigerator at -30 ℃ before testing. The obtained samples were evaluated for VR properties and lap shear strength, according to the Volume Resistivity Test and Lap Shear Test described above, respectively, and results are given in Tables 2 and 3 (unless otherwise stated, curing conditions: 150 ℃, 30 minutes; aging conditions: 125 ℃, 720 hours) .
[0109] As shown in Table 2, the curable silicone composition samples of IEs 1-7 with specified polyether additives having one or more allyl end groups (denoted as “Allyl-EO-PO-H or “Allyl-EO-PO-Glycidyl” ) , upon curing, provided adhesives made therefrom with initial VRs less than 10 milliohm·cm (mΩ·cm) and VR variation after aging less than 2000% (desirably, less than 500%) while at the same time affording acceptable lap shear strength (≥ 2.0 MPa, desirably > 2.2 MPa) to aluminum substrates. It indicates that addition of the specified Allyl-EO-PO-H or Allyl-EO-PO-Glycidyl additives is helpful in increasing the stability of volume resistivity at 125 ℃ without significantly compromising the lap shear strength.
[0110] In contrast, as shown in Table 3, CE 1 silicone composition that is free of any polymer additive upon curing provided initial VRs higher than IEs 1-4, meanwhile the VRVariation of CE 1 after aging was 943 (much higher than the required VRVariation) , which indicates poorer stability of volume resistivity at 125 ℃ than IEs 1-4. CE 5 silicone composition that is free of any polymer additives upon curing provided an initial VR much higher than IEs 5 and 6 and gave significantly increased volume resistivity after aging (open circuit) . CEs 2 and 6 with an EO-PO-based, or EO-based polyether additive without any allyl end group, upon curing, both provided adhesives with undesirably low lap shear strength to aluminum substrates (less than 2.0 MPa) . CE 4 and CE 7 that contain H-PO12-H and Allyl-EO12-H, respectively, upon curing, both provided adhesives with VRVariation after aging more than 2000%, which indicates poorer stability of volume resistivity at 125 ℃ than IEs. CE 3 silicone composition that contains 0.06 wt%of Allyl-EO-PO-Glycidyl upon curing provided adhesives with a VRVariation after aging higher than 2000%.
[0111] Table 2
[0112] In Tables 2 and 3, “Filler loading” and “Additive loading” are weight percentages relative to the curable composition weight. “SiH / Vi molar ratio” refers to the molar ratio of silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms from Crosslinker B1 to vinyl groups from Vi Polymer A2, A1-1, and A1-2 if present. “VRAging” refers to the VR after aging a cured product at 125 ℃ for 720 hours, and “VRVariation” refers to the VR variation after aging a cured product at 125 ℃ for 720 hours. “NA” -not available.
[0113] Table 3
Claims
1.A curable silicone composition comprising, by weight based on the weight of the curable silicone composition,(A) 0.5%to 50%of an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of at least two alkenyl groups per molecule;(B) a silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule;wherein the silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane is present in an amount sufficient to provide a molar ratio of silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms to alkenyl groups for the composition of 0.5 to 10;(C) a platinum catalyst;(D) 66%to 95%of an electrically conductive filler; and(E) 0.1%to 0.8%of a polyether that is a copolymer containing an ethylene oxide unit and a propylene oxide unit and having at least one allylic end group.2.The curable silicone composition of claim 1, wherein the polyether (E) has the structure of formula (IV) : CH2=C (R2) - (CH2) c- [CH2-CH2-O-] b- [CH (CH3) -CH2-O-] a-R3 (IV) ,where R2 is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from H, an acetyl group, a glycidyl group, a methallyl group, an allyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; a is in a range of 1 to 200; b is in a range of 1 to 200; (a+b) ≥ 10; and c is in a range of 1 to 10.3.The curable silicone composition of claim 2, where, in formula (IV) , R2 is H, c is in a range of 1 to 5, and the values of a and b meet one or both of the following conditions:(i) a is in a range of 1 to 50 and b is in a range of 15 to 100; and(ii) the ratio of b / ais in a range of 0.5 to 10.4.The curable silicone composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the polyether (E) has a number average molecular weight of greater than 1000 to 5000 g / mol.5.The curable silicone composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane (A) comprises (A1) a polyorganosiloxane of formula (I) , (A2) a polyorganosilicate resin of formula (II) , or combinations thereof: (R13SiO1 / 2) 2 (R12SiO2 / 2) n (I) ,where n is in a range of 35 to 1000, and each R1 is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group, provided that the polyorganosiloxane (A1) contains an average of at least two alkenyl groups per molecule;(RM3SiO1 / 2) m (SiO4 / 2) z (II) ,where m ≥ 31, z ≥ 40, the ratio of m / z is in a range of 0.5 to 1.2, (m+z) has a value sufficient to provide the polyorganosilicate resin with a number average molecular weight of 6000 to 30000 g / mol, and each RM is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group, provided that the polyorganosilicate resin (A2) contains an average of at least two alkenyl groups per molecule; andwherein the silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane (B) has an average chemical structure of formula (III) :R3-hHhSiO- (HRSiO) e- (R2SiO) f-SiHh’R3-h’ (III) ,where each R is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; H is a hydrogen atom; h and h’ each independently have a value of 0, 1, 2 or 3; e is in a range of 0 to 50; (e+h+h’) is at least 2; f is in a range of 0 to 200; and (e+f) > 0.6.The curable silicone composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the electrically conductive filler (D) comprises silver coated nickel particles, silver coated glass particles, silver coated aluminum particles, silver coated copper particles, particles consisting of silver or alloys thereof, or mixtures thereof.7.The curable silicone composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the platinum catalyst is selected from platinum (0) -1, 3-divinyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane, particles comprising a thermoplastic resin and a platinum complex, or mixtures thereof.8.The curable silicone composition of any one of claims 1-7, further comprising one or more than one of the following components: (F) a hydrosilylation reaction inhibitor and (G) an adhesion promoter.9.A process for preparing the curable silicone composition of any one of claims 1-8, comprising: admixing the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane (A) , the silyl hydride functional polyorganosiloxane (B) , the platinum catalyst (C) , the electrically conductive filler (D) , and the polyether (E) .10.A silicone adhesive comprising a cured product of the curable silicone composition of any one of claims 1-8.
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