Long chain polyamide compositions having improved flame retardance
The polyamide composition with carbon nanotube-based synergists and dispersants addresses the challenge of achieving both flame retardance and mechanical strength in long chain polyamides, enhancing UL94 V-0 ratings and toughness.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/109565
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-07-22
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-29
AI Technical Summary
Long chain polyamides face challenges in achieving both good flame retardance and mechanical properties due to the presence of long carbon chains, especially when impact modifiers are added, leading to a deterioration in toughness.
A polyamide composition comprising a polyamide, a flame retardant, a flame-retardant synergist, an impact modifier, and a reinforcing agent, where the flame-retardant synergist includes carbon nanotubes and a dispersant, with specific amounts of each component to enhance flame retardance and mechanical properties.
The composition achieves good flame retardance and mechanical properties simultaneously, as demonstrated by improved UL94 V-0 ratings and maintained toughness.
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Figure PCTCN2025109565-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
LONG CHAIN POLYAMIDE COMPOSITIONS HAVING IMPROVED FLAME RETARDANCEFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a polyamide composition and an article produced from the polyamide composition.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Polyamide (PA, also referred to as nylon) is a kind of polymer that contains repeating amido groups (-CONH-) in the main chain of the polymer. Nowadays polyamide is widely used as structural materials in various industries (automotive, appliance, etc. ) due to its good processibility, good mechanical properties and low cost. Among all kinds of polyamides, long chain polyamides have advantages in electrical and automobile markets due to the lower water absorption, good abrasion resistance and improved chemical resistance. However, it is very difficult to endow the flame retardance on the long chain polyamides because of the presence of the long carbon chain in the long chain polyamides, especially when additional impact modifier that may expedite the burning is combined with the long chain polyamides.
[0003] In order to improve the flame retardance of the long chain polyamides, it is generally necessary to increase the dosage of flame retardants in the long chain polyamide composition. However, this would deteriorate the mechanical properties of articles made of the long chain polyamide composition, especially a dramatic decreasing would happen to its toughness.
[0004] CN104744935A describes a long chain thermal conductive polyamide composition, which comprises 20-40 wt%of long chain polyamide, 30-50 wt%of thermal conductive filler, 5-20 wt%of reinforcing agent, 5-20 wt%of non-halogen flame retardant and other additives. Although non-halogen flame retardant is used in the polyamide composition in a larger amount, the flame retardance of the polyamide composition according to UL94 (0.8mm) is quite poor (UL94 V-2) .
[0005] CN115678264A describes an antistatic flame-retardant composite material comprising the following main components in parts by weight: 55-85 parts of polyamide elastomer, 5-15 parts of red phosphorus flame retardant, 3-15 parts of synergistic antistatic flame retardant, 0.2-2 parts of coupling agent, 0.5-3 parts of dispersant, 3-10 parts of compatibilizer and 0.1-2 parts of antioxidant, wherein the synergistic antistatic flame retardant is prepared from graphene and carbon nanotube. The data in Table 2 of CN115678264A shows that good mechanical properties and good flame retardance (UL94 V0) cannot be achieved simultaneously.
[0006] Thus, there is still a strong need to provide a long chain polyamide composition having good flame retardance and good mechanical properties simultaneously.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] Accordingly, the present invention provides a polyamide composition comprising the following components:
[0008] (A) a polyamide;
[0009] (B) a flame retardant;
[0010] (C) a flame-retardant synergist;
[0011] (D) an impact modifier; and
[0012] (E) a reinforcing agent,
[0013] wherein at least one monomer for preparing the polyamide is an aliphatic monomer having 10 or more carbon atoms,
[0014] wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises a carbon nanotube and a dispersant, and wherein the flame-retardant synergist is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 0.05-0.25wt%based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0015] The present invention also provides an article produced from the polyamide composition as described herein.
[0016] It has been found that the polyamide composition according to the present invention and the article produced from the polyamide composition possess good flame retardance and good mechanical properties simultaneously.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The present invention will be described in detail hereinafter. It is to be understood that the present invention can be embodied in many different ways and shall not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
[0018] The singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The terms “comprise” , “comprising” , etc. are used interchangeably with “contain” , “containing” , etc. and are to be interpreted in a non-limiting, open manner. That is, e.g., further components or elements can be present. The expressions “consists of” or “consists essentially of” or cognates can be embraced within “comprises” or cognates.
[0019] As used herein, the term “polyamide” can be abbreviated as “PA” , and the term “long chain polyamide” means a polyamide wherein at least one monomer for preparing the polyamide is an aliphatic monomer having 10 or more carbon atoms.
[0020] As used herein, the term “structural unit (s) ” is intended to refer to the minimal molecular residue (s) resulting from respective monomer molecules after polymerization. For example, PA6 has a type of structural unit of -NH (CH2) 5CO-, PA66 has two types of structural units, i.e., -NH (CH2) 6NH-and -CO (CH2) 4CO-, PA510 have two types of structural units, i.e., -NH (CH2) 5NH-and -CO (CH2) 8CO-, PA1010 have two types of structural units, i.e., -NH (CH2) 10NH-and -CO (CH2) 8CO-, and so on.
[0021] As used herein, the term “repeating unit (s) ” is intended to refer to the minimal unit (s) with same chemical composition in a polymer. The repeating units can consist of one or more types of structural units. For example, PA6 has repeating units same as the structural units, i.e., -NH (CH2) 5CO-; PA66 has repeating units of -NH (CH2) 6NHCO (CH2) 4CO-which consist of two types of structural units, i.e., -NH (CH2) 6NH-and -CO (CH2) 4CO-; PA510 has repeating units of -NH (CH2) 5NHCO (CH2) 8CO-which consist of two types of structural units, i.e., -NH (CH2) 5NH-and -CO (CH2) 8CO-; PA1010 has repeating units of -NH (CH2) 10NHCO (CH2) 8CO-which consist of two types of structural units, i.e., -NH (CH2) 10NH-and -CO (CH2) 8CO-.
[0022] (A) Polyamides
[0023] Polyamide is well known in the art and means a polymer that contains repeating amido groups (-CONH-) in the main chain of the polymers.
[0024] Polyamide can be typically derived from at least one monomer which is selected from the group consisting of lactams, amino acids, the combination of a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine, and the combination of a dicarboxylic acid chloride and a diamine.
[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyamide of the present invention can have repeating units of Formula (I) :
[0026] wherein
[0027] R1 is an alkylene group having 9 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 9 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably from 9 to 20 carbon atoms (for example 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 carbon atoms) , most preferably from 9 to 12 carbon atoms.
[0028] The polyamide having repeating units of Formula (I) can be typically derived from at least one aliphatic monomer which is selected from the group consisting of (1) lactams having 10 or more carbon atoms and (2) amino acids having 10 or more carbon atoms.
[0029] The lactams preferably have from 10 to 40 or 10 to 20 carbon atoms (for example 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 carbon atoms) , more preferably from 10 to 12 carbon atoms.
[0030] Examples of the lactams include, but are not limited to, caprinolactam, undecanolactam, laurolactam, and mixtures thereof.
[0031] The amino acids preferably have from 10 to 40 or 10 to 20 carbon atoms (for example 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 carbon atoms) , more preferably from 10 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples of the amino acids include, but are not limited to, 10-aminodecanoic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid, and mixtures thereof.
[0032] In another embodiment of the present invention, the polyamide of the present invention can have repeating units of Formula (II) :
[0033] wherein
[0034] R2 is an alkylene group having 4 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably from 4 to 18, for example 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 carbon atoms,
[0035] R3 is an alkylene group having 4 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, for example 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 carbon atoms, and
[0036] with the proviso that at least one of the following two requirements is met:
[0037] Requirement (1) : R2 is an alkylene group having 10 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 40 carbon atoms;
[0038] Requirement (2) : R3 is an alkylene group having 8 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0039] The polyamide having repeating units of Formula (II) can be typically derived from aliphatic monomers which are at least one selected from the group consisting of (1) the combination of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 10 to 40 carbon atoms and aliphatic diamines having from 4 to 40 carbon atoms; and (2) the combination of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides having from 10 to 40 carbon atoms and aliphatic diamines having from 4 to 40 carbon atoms.
[0040] The aliphatic dicarboxylic acids preferably have from 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecandioic acid, tridecanedioic acid, tetradecandioic acid, pentadecandioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, octadecandioic acid, and mixtures thereof.
[0041] The aliphatic diamines preferably have from 4 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, for example 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 carbon atoms. The aliphatic diamines can be linear aliphatic diamines or branched aliphatic diamines. Examples of the aliphatic diamines include, but are not limited to, 1, 4-butanediamine, 1, 5-pentanediamine, 1, 6-hexanediamine, 1, 7-heptanediamine, 1, 8-octanediamine, 1, 9-nonanediamine, 1, 10-decanediamine, 1, 11-undecanediamine, 1, 12-dodecanediamine, 1, 13-tridecanediamine, 1, 14-tetradecanediamine, 1, 16-hexadecanediamine, 1, 18-octadecanediamine, 1, 20-eicosanediamine, 1, 22-docosanediamine, 2-methylpentane-1, 5-diamine, 3-methylpentane-1, 5-diamine, 2, 5-dimethylhexane-1, 6-diamine, 2, 4-dimethylhexane-1, 6-diamine, 3, 3-dimethylhexane-1, 6-diamine, 2, 2-dimethylhexane-1, 6-diamine, 2, 2, 4-trimethylhexane-1, 6-diamine, 2, 4, 4-trimethylhexane-1, 6-diamine, 2, 3-dimethylheptane-1, 7-diamine, 2, 4-dimethylheptane-1, 7-diamine, 2, 5-dimethylheptane-1, 7-diamine, 2, 2-dimethylheptane-1, 7-diamine, 2-methyloctane-1, 8-diamine, 1, 3-dimethyloctane-1, 8-diamine, 1, 4-dimethyloctane-1, 8-diamine, 2, 4-dimethyloctane-1, 8-diamine, 3, 4-dimethyloctane-1, 8-diamine, 4, 5-dimethyloctane-1, 8-diamine, 2, 2-dimethyloctane-1, 8-diamine, 3, 3-dimethyloctane-1, 8-diamine, 4, 4-dimethyloctane-1, 8-diamine, 2, 4-diethylhexane-1, 6-diamine, 5-methylnonane-1, 9-diamine, and mixtures thereof.
[0042] The aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides preferably have from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, for example 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms. Examples of the dicarboxylic acid chlorides include, but are not limited to, sebacoyl chloride, undecanedioyl dichloride, and mixtures thereof.
[0043] In some embodiments, the polyamide can be at least one selected from the group comprising PA10, PA11, PA12, PA410, PA510, PA512, PA513, PA515, PA610, PA612, PA613, PA614, PA618, PA810, PA812, PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1018, PA1210, PA1212, PA1214, PA1218, PA1313, PA1410, PA1412, PA1414, PA1418, and any combinations thereof, preferably PA410, PA510, PA512, PA513, PA515, PA610, PA612, PA613, PA614, PA618, PA810, PA812, PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1018, PA1210, PA1212, PA1214, PA1218, PA1313, PA1410, PA1412, PA1414, PA1418, and any combinations thereof, even more preferably PA410, PA510, PA610, PA612, PA1010, PA1012, PA1210, PA1212, and any combinations thereof, further more preferably PA510, PA1010, and any combinations thereof.
[0044] Additionally, the polyamide can also be a blend of at least two polyamides as described above or a copolymerized polyamide (co-polyamide) .
[0045] The copolymerized polyamide is a polyamide copolymer comprising repeating units of Formula (I) and repeating units of Formula (II) , or two or more types of repeating units of Formula (I) , or two or more types of repeating units of Formula (II) , and optionally comprising at least one type of repeating units of Formula (III) and / or Formula (IV) :
[0046] wherein,
[0047] R4 is an alkylene group having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms;
[0048] wherein
[0049] R5 is an alkylene group having from 2 to 9 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and
[0050] R6 is an alkylene group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
[0051] Preferably, the repeating units of Formula (III) above can be derived from at least one aliphatic monomer which is selected from the group consisting of (1) lactams having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms and (2) amino acids having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
[0052] Examples of the lactams having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, propiolactam, butyrolactam, valerolactam, caprolactam, and mixtures thereof.
[0053] Examples of the amino acids having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, 5-amino-pentanoic acid.
[0054] The repeating units of the Formula (IV) above can be typically derived from aliphatic monomers which are at least one selected from the group consisting of (1) the combination of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms and aliphatic diamines having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms; and (2) the combination of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms and aliphatic diamines having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
[0055] Examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, and mixtures thereof.
[0056] Examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, glutaryl chloride, adipoyl chloride, and mixtures thereof.
[0057] Examples of the aliphatic diamines having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, 1, 2-propanediamine, 1, 3-propanediamine, 1, 3-butanediamine, 1, 4-butanediamine, 1, 5-pentanediamine, 1, 1-dimentylbutane-1, 4-diamine, 1-ethylbutane-1, 4-diamine, 1, 2-dimethylbutane-1, 4-diamine, 1, 3-dimethylbutane-1, 4-diamine, 1, 4-dimethylbutane-1, 4-diamine, 2, 3-dimethylbutane-1, 4-diamine, 1-butylethane-1, 2-diamine, 1, 6-hexanediamine, and mixtures thereof.
[0058] Examples of the repeating units of the Formula (III) and the Formula (IV) include, but are not limited to, -NH (CH2) 5CO-, -NH (CH2) 4NHCO (CH2) 4CO-and -NH (CH2) 6NHCO (CH2) 4CO-.
[0059] Examples of the co-polyamide include, but are not limited to, PA510 / PA6, PA610 / PA6, PA612 / PA6, PA1010 / PA6, PA410 / PA66, PA510 / PA66, PA610 / PA66, PA612 / PA66 and PA1010 / PA66.
[0060] There is no limitation of the type of the copolymer, including for example a block copolymer, a random copolymer, a graft copolymer and an alternating copolymer.
[0061] The polyamide in the polyamide composition according to the present invention can have a relative viscosity from 1.8 to 4.0, preferably from 2.0 to 3.0, as measured in 98 wt %sulfuric acid solution at 25℃.
[0062] The polyamide in the polyamide composition according to the present invention can have a terminal amino end group of 10-20 mmol / kg, preferably 12-18 mmol / kg.
[0063] The polyamide in the polyamide composition according to the present invention can have a Tm of 210-230℃, preferably 216-219℃ according to ISO 11357.
[0064] The polyamide in the polyamide composition according to the present invention can be prepared via known methods or processes or commercially available polyamide materials. Examples of commercially available polyamide materials include, but are not limited to, Ecopent series from Cathay Biomaterial Co., Ltd, such as Ecopent E-1273 (PA56) , Ecopent E-3100 (PA510) , Ecopent E-3300 (PA513) and PA series from Shandong Dongchen Engineering Plastic Co., Ltd, such as PA610, PA612, PA1010, PA1212, PA1313.
[0065] In an embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the aliphatic monomer having 10 or more carbon atoms is at least 30 mol% (for example 35 mol%, 40 mol%, 50 mol%, 60 mol%, 70 mol%, 80 mol%, 90 mol%, or 100 mol%) , or at least 40 mol%, or in the range from 30 to 100mol%or in the range from 40 to 80 mol%or in the range from 45 to 65 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers for preparing the polyamide.
[0066] It is preferred that the polyamide is present in the polyamide composition according to the present invention in an amount of 20-50wt%, for example 20wt%, 22wt%, 25wt%, 26wt%, 28wt%, 30 wt%, 32wt%, 34wt%, 35 wt%, 37wt%, 40wt%, 42wt%, 45wt%, preferably 25-35wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0067] (B) Flame retardants
[0068] As used herein, flame retardants as component (B) , also known as fire retardants, are functional additives that impart flame retardance to flammable polymers. There is no limitation for the type of the flame retardants used in the polyamide composition according to the present invention, including for example inorganic flame retardants, phosphorus-containing flame retardants, halogen-containing flame retardants and nitrogen-containing flame retardants, etc.
[0069] Inorganic flame retardants are generally added into polymers in the form of elements or compounds, and are fully mixed with polymers in a physically dispersed state. For example, red phosphorus is a common inorganic flame retardant with high flame retardant efficiency, low dosage, low smoke emission, and low toxicity.
[0070] The phosphorus-containing flame retardants have the advantages of low smoke, non-toxic, and halogen-free. The phosphorus-containing flame retardants used herein include, but are not limited to, a phosphate, a phosphite, a phosphonate, a phosphinate, a diphosphonate, a diphosphinate, a pyrophosphate, a polyphosphate, a phosphorus heterocyclic compound, etc.
[0071] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flame retardants comprise a phosphinate, a diphosphinate, a metal salt of phosphorous acid, or a combination thereof.
[0072] Examples of inorganic phosphorous-containing flame retardants include, but are not limited to a zinc phosphate, an ammonium phosphate, an ammonium pyrophosphate, and an ammonium polyphosphate.
[0073] Examples of organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants include, but are not limited to an ethylene-diamine phosphate, a piperazine phosphate, a piperazine pyrophosphate, a metal dialkylphosphinate, or the combination of a metal dialkylphosphinate and a metal salt of phosphorous acid.
[0074] Examples of the preferred phosphorus-containing flame retardants include, but are not limited to, a metal phosphinate derived from a phosphinic acid, for example, metal salts of phosphinic acid with Mg, Ca, Al or Zn as the metal. Particular preference is given here to aluminum phosphinate.
[0075] A phosphinate of Formula (V) and / or a diphosphinate of Formula (VI) or polymers thereof are suitable as component (B) in the polyamide composition according to the present invention:
[0076] in which
[0077] R7 and R8 independently represent hydrogen, linear or branched C1-C6-alkyl, or C6-C10-aryl;
[0078] R9 represents linear or branched C1-C10-alkylene, C6-C10-arylene, C6-C10-alkylarylene or C6-C10-arylalkylene;
[0079] M represents Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and / or a protonated nitrogen base;
[0080] m, n, and x are integers each independently selected from 1 to 4.
[0081] Preferably, R7 and R8 independently represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl or phenyl.
[0082] Preferably, R9 represents methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, isopropylene, n-butylene, tert-butylene, n-pentylene, n-octylene or n-dodecylene, phenylene or naphthylene; methylphenylene, ethylphenylene, tert-butylphenylene, methylnaphthylene, ethylnaphthylene or tert-butylnaphthylene; phenylmethylene, phenylethylene, phenylpropylene or phenylbutylene.
[0083] Particularly preferably, R7 and R8 independently represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and M is Al. Aluminum salt of phosphinic acid is particularly preferred, such as aluminum salt of diethyl-phosphinic acid, i.e., aluminum diethylphosphinate (DEPAL) .
[0084] For a description of phosphinate or diphosphinate, reference can be made to DE-A199 60 671, DE-A44 30 932 and DE-A199 33 901.
[0085] The metal dialkylphosphinate can comprise aluminum dimethylphosphinate, calcium dimethylphosphinate, magnesium dimethylphosphinate, zinc dimethylphosphinate, aluminum ethylmethylphosphinate, calcium ethylmethylphosphinate, magnesium ethylmethylphosphinate, zinc ethylmethylphosphinate, aluminum diethylphosphinate, calcium diethylphoshinate, magnesium diethylphosphinate, zinc diethylphosphinate, aluminum methyl-n-propylphosphinate, calcium methyl-n-propylphosphinate, magnesium methyl-n-propylphosphinate and zinc methyl-n-propylphosphinate. Among them, aluminum diethylphosphinate, zinc diethylphosphinate, aluminum dimethylphosphinate and zinc dimethylphosphinate are more preferable.
[0086] Preferably, the metal salt of phosphorous acid can be Al (H2PO3) 3, Al2 (HPO3) 3, Zn (HPO3) , Al2 (HPO3) 3 ·4H2O and / or Al (OH) (H2PO3) 2·2H2O.
[0087] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the suitable organic phosphorus-containing flame retardant can be the combination of the metal dialkylphosphinate and the metal salt of phosphorous acid, and can be for example commercially available as Exolit OP1400 from Clariant.
[0088] The halogen-containing flame retardants include, but are not limited to, organic chlorides and organic bromides. Suitable halogen-containing flame retardants are preferably brominated compounds, such as brominated diphenyl ether, brominated trimethylphenylindane, tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane, ring-brominated polystyrene, halogenated polyacrylate such as brominated polybenzyl acrylates, brominated bisphenol A epoxide oligomers and brominated bisphenol A polycarbonates.
[0089] Examples of the brominated compounds include oligomeric reaction products (n>3) of tetrabromobisphenol A with epoxides (e.g., FR 2300 and 2400 from DSB) having the following structural formula:
[0090] Further examples of the brominated compounds include brominated oligostyrenes, which have an average degree of polymerization (number-average) between 3 and 90, preferably between 5 and 60, measured by vapor pressure osmometry in toluene. The brominated polystyrenes are typically obtained by the process described in EP-A047 549.
[0091] Suitable brominated compounds also include brominated oligocarbonates (BC 52 or BC 58 from Great Lakes) having the following structural formula:
[0092] Especially suitable brominated compounds include polypentabromobenzyl acrylates where n>4 having the following structural formula (e.g., FR-1025 from ICL) :
[0093] Examples of the nitrogen-containing flame retardants include, but are not limited to, melamine, melam, melem, melon, ammeline, ammelide, 2-ureidomelamine, acetoguanamine, benzoguanamine, diaminophenyltriazine, melamine borate, melamine oxalate, melamine phosphate, melamine sulfate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine sulfate, melamine neopentyl glycol borate, triazine, triazine derivatives, guanidine, guanidine derivatives, biuret, triuret, tartrazine, glycoluril, acetoguanamine, butyroguanamine, caprinoguanamine, melamine derivatives of cyanuric acid, melamine derivatives of isocyanuric acid, condensation products of melamine, pyrophosphates of condensation products of melamine, dimelamine phosphate, dimelamine pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphate, dicyandiamide, ammonium mono-or polyphosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, polyphosphates of the condensation products of melamine, allantoin, or mixtures thereof.
[0094] The flame retardants can be used alone or in a mixture of flame retardants in the polyamide composition according to the present invention.
[0095] It is preferred that the flame retardants are present in the polyamide composition according to the present invention in an amount of 10-30wt%, preferably 15-25 wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0096] (C) Flame-retardant synergists
[0097] Flame-retardant synergists play a synergistic role in the entire flame-retardant system and improve the flame-retardant effects. Generally, the amount of flame-retardant synergist added is less than that of the flame retardant in the polyamide composition, in order to reduce the amount of the flame retardants and improve the flame retardant performance of the final products.
[0098] In the present invention, the flame-retardant synergist comprises carbon nanotubes. In one embodiment of the present invention, the flame-retardant synergist comprises carbon nanotubes and dispersants. Said dispersants can be used to dispersing the carbon nanotubes.
[0099] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flame-retardant synergist comprises 65-95wt%of carbon nanotubes (such as 70wt%, 75wt%, 80wt%, 85wt%, 90wt%, etc. ) and 5-35wt%of dispersants (such as 30wt%, 25wt%, 20wt%, 15wt%, 10wt%, etc. ) , based on the weight of the flame-retardant synergist.
[0100] In one further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flame-retardant synergist comprises 85-95wt%of carbon nanotubes and 5-15wt%of dispersants, based on the weight of the flame-retardant synergist.
[0101] The carbon nanotubes can be single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) , multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) , or a combination thereof, preferably single-wall carbon nanotubes.
[0102] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameters of the single-wall carbon nanotubes are less than 10nm, such as 0.6-5nm or 1-3nm, and the diameters of the multi-wall carbon nanotubes are 10-30nm, such as 15-20nm.
[0103] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dispersants comprise poly (alkylene oxide) , such as poly (C2-C6 alkylene oxide) , preferably poly (ethylene oxide) , poly (propylene oxide) , poly (ethylene oxide) -co- (propylene oxide) or a combination thereof, more preferably poly (ethylene oxide) , which can have a preferred molecular weight Mn of around 2000-3000. For example, preferred poly (alkylene oxide) is a poly (ethylene oxide) having a molecular weight Mn of around 2000-3000.
[0104] According to the present invention, the polyamide composition can optionally comprise other flame-retardant synergists including, but are not limited to, melamine cyanurate, antimony trioxide, aluminum hydroxide such as synthetic aluminum metahydroxide (synthetic aluminum hydroxide) , natural aluminum metahydroxide (natural aluminum hydroxide) , magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, polysiloxane, alumina, calcium borate, calcium carbonate, calcium magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium sulfide, iron oxide, magnesium borate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium nitride, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfide, manganese hydroxide, manganese oxide, titanium nitride, titanium dioxide, zinc metaborate, zinc carbonate, zinc hydroxide, zinc nitrate, zinc oxide, zinc phosphate, zinc sulfide, zinc stannate, zinc hydroxystannate, base zinc silicate, tin oxide hydrate, or any combinations thereof.
[0105] For the purpose of the present invention, the flame-retardant synergists can be prepared via known methods or processes or are commercially available flame-retardant synergists.
[0106] It is preferred that the flame-retardant synergist is present in the polyamide composition according to the present invention in an amount of 0.05-0.25wt%, preferably 0.05-0.15wt%, more preferably 0.07-0.1 wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0107] (D) Impact modifiers
[0108] The polyamide composition can comprise an impact modifier. Suitable impact modifiers can include polyolefin-based, styrene-based, unsaturated carboxylic acid-based impact modifiers. Suitable impact modifiers can also be those modified by a functional block, such as epoxy functional block and / or acid anhydride functional block. The epoxy functional block can be units derived from a glycidyl (meth) acrylate. The acid anhydride functional block can be units derived from maleic anhydride.
[0109] Suitable polyolefin-based impact modifiers can include polyolefins comprising repeating units derived from olefin having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of such olefins include ethylene, 1-butene, 1-propylene, 1-pentene, 1-octene and mixture of ethylene and 1-octene, preferably ethylene, 1-propylene and a mixture of ethylene and 1-octene.
[0110] Suitable unsaturated carboxylic acid-based impact modifiers can include polymers derived from carboxylic acid and derivates thereof such as ester, imide and amide. Suitable carboxylic acid and derivates thereof are for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaconic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (methyl) acrylate and isobutyl (meth) acrylate.
[0111] The impact modifier can also be a bi-or ter-polymer or a core-shell structure polymer. Examples used in the polyamide composition can include, but not limited to, thermoplastic elastomer, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer, ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, or a combination thereof.
[0112] For the purpose of the present invention, the impact modifier can be prepared via known methods or processes or is a commercially available impact modifier. Example of a commercially available impact modifier includes, but is not limited to, Pebax Rnew 63R53 SP 01 from ARKEMA.
[0113] It is preferred that the impact modifier is present in the polyamide composition according to the present invention in an amount of 5-20wt%, preferably 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0114] (E) Reinforcing agents
[0115] The polyamide composition can comprise a conventional reinforcing agent in the art, including, but not limited to, glass fibers, glass flakes, carbon fibers, boron fibers, asbestos fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyester fibers, acrylic fibers, wholly aromatic polyamide fibers, polybenzoxazole fibers, polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, kenaf fibers, bamboo fibers, hemp fibers, bagasse fibers, alumina fibers, silicon carbide fibers, potassium titanate fibers, brass fibers, stainless steel fibers, steel fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, or a combination thereof, preferably glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, asbestos fibers, alumina fibers, silicon carbide fibers, potassium titanate fibers, brass fibers, stainless steel fibers, steel fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, or a combination thereof.
[0116] For the purpose of the present invention, the reinforcing agent can be prepared via known methods or processes or is a commercially available reinforcing agent. Example of a commercially available reinforcing agent includes, but is not limited to, ECSHP3610EC10-3.5 from Nippon Electric Glass.
[0117] It is preferred that the reinforcing agent is present in the polyamide composition according to the present invention in an amount of 10-65wt%, such as 20wt%, 30wt%, 40wt%, 50wt%, 60wt%, preferably 25-45wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0118] (F) Additives
[0119] The polyamide composition can also comprise various conventional additives so long as the additives and the amount thereof do not significantly adversely affect the desired properties of the polyamide composition in the invention. The additives can include lubricants, surface effect additives, antioxidants, colorants, pigments, stabilizers (thermal, UV, radiation or hydrolysis stabilizers) , flow modifiers, plasticizers, demolding agents, anti-drip agents, ultraviolet absorbing agents, nucleating agents, antistatic agents, elastomer modifiers, release agents and / or antimicrobial agents.
[0120] The lubricant is not particularly limited, such as an ester, amide, alkali metal salt, alkaline earth metal salt of fatty acids having from 10 to 40 carbon atoms (e.g., such as Ca stearate, Zn stearate, Mg behenate, Mg stearate) , polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, ester wax, EVA wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, montan wax, pentaerythrityl tetrastearate (PETS) and silicone wax.
[0121] Suitable lubricant is preferably an ester or an amide of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having from 10 to 40, preferably from 16 to 22 carbon atoms with saturated aliphatic alcohols or amines which comprise from 2 to 40, preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
[0122] The carboxylic acids can be mono-or dibasic. Examples of the carboxylic acids are pelargonic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, margaric acid, dodecanedioic acid, behenic acid, and particularly preferably stearic acid, capric acid, and montanic acid (amixture of fatty acids having from 30 to 40 carbon atoms) .
[0123] The aliphatic alcohols can be mono-to tetrahydric. Examples of the aliphatic alcohols are n-butanol, n-octanol, stearyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, and pentaerythritol, preference being given to glycerol and pentaerythritol.
[0124] The aliphatic amines can be mono-to trifunctional. Examples of the aliphatic amines are stearylamine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and di (6-aminohexyl) amine, particular preference being given here to ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine.
[0125] Preferred esters or amides are ethylene bis stearamide (EBS) , glycerol distearate, glycerol tristearate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol trilaurate, glycerol monobehenate, and pentaerythritol tetrastearate. Ethylene bis stearamide (EBS) is particularly preferred as a lubricant in the polyamide composition according to the present invention.
[0126] It is also possible to use mixtures of various esters or amides, or esters with amides in combination, in any desired mixing ratio.
[0127] The lubricants are also preferably long chain fatty acids (e.g., stearic acid or behenic acid) , salts of these (e.g., Ca stearate or Zn stearate) , or montan waxes (mixtures of straight-chain, saturated carboxylic acids having chain lengths of from 28 to 32 carbon atoms) , Ca montanate or Na montanate, and also low-molecular-weight polyethylene waxes and low-molecular-weight polypropylene waxes.
[0128] The lubricant is preferably present in an amount of 0.05-3 wt%, more preferably of 0.1-1 wt%, or 0.2-1 wt%, or 0.2-0.6wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0129] The antioxidant is not particularly limited, such as aromatic amine-based antioxidant agent, hindered phenol-based antioxidant agents, phosphite-based antioxidant agents, metal salts and iodides.
[0130] Examples of aromatic amine-based antioxidant agent are poly (1, 2-dihydro-2, 2, 4-trimethyl-quinoline) , bis (4-octylphenyl) amine, 4, 4’-bis (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine, N, N’-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N’-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N’ -isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N’- (1, 3-dimethylbutyl) -p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N’- (3-methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) -p-phenylenediamine, and N, N'-bis (methylphenyl) -1, 4-benzenediamine.
[0131] Examples of hindered phenol-based antioxidant agents are poly (oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl) -alpha- [3- [3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl] -1-oxopropyl] -omega- [3- [3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl] -1-oxopropoxy] , 2, 4-bis [ (octylthio) methyl] -o-cresol, octyl-3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamate, 3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid C7-C9-branched alkyl ester, 2, 4-bis [ (dodecylthio) methyl] -o-cresol, 4, 4’-butylidene bis- (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) , 3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid octadecyl ester, pentaerythritol tetrakis (3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) , triethy-lene glycol-bis [3- (3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydrophenyl) propionate] , 2, 4-bis (n-octylthio) -6- (4-hydroxy-3, 5-di-tert-butylanilino) -1, 3, 5-triazine, tris- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -isocyanurate, 2, 2-thio-diethylene bis [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] . For example, the phenol-based antioxidant agents can be commercially available from BASF as Irganox 1098, Irganox 1010, Irganox 1035, Irganox 1330, Irganox 1726, Irganox 565, etc.
[0132] Examples of phosphite-based antioxidant agents are tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite ( 168, BASF SE, CAS 31570-04-4) , bis (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythrityl diphosphite ( 626, Chemtura, CAS 26741-53-7) , bis (2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythrityl diphosphite (ADK Stab PEP-36, Adeka, CAS 80693-00-1) , bis(2, 4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythrityl diphosphite ( S-9228, Dover Chemical Corporation, CAS 154862-43-8) , tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite ( TNPP, BASF SE, CAS 26523-78-4) , (2, 4, 6-tri-t-butylphenol) -2-butyl-2-ethyl-1, 3-propanediol phosphite ( 641, Chemtura, CAS 161717-32-4) and P-EPQ.
[0133] The antioxidant agent is preferably present in an amount of 0.05-2 wt%, more preferably of 0.1-1 wt% (for example 0.15wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.4wt%, or 0.6wt%) , based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0134] The colorant is not particularly limited, such as carbon black, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, ul-tramarine blue, zinc sulfide, phthalocyanines, quinacridones, perylenes, nigrosin and anthraqui-nones.
[0135] The colorant is preferably present in an amount of 0.1-3 wt%, more preferably of 0.5-2 wt%(for example 0.5wt%, 1wt%, or 1.5wt%) , based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0136] Examples of suitable nucleating agents are sodium phenylphosphinate or calcium phe-nylphosphinate, alumina (CAS No. 1344-28-1) , talc, silicon dioxide, adipic acid and diphenylacetic acid.
[0137] The nucleating agent is preferably present in an amount of 0.01-2 wt%, more preferably of 0.05-1 wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0138] Examples of suitable plasticizers are dioctyl phthalate, dibenzyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, hydrocarbon oils and N- (n-butyl) benzenesulphonamide.
[0139] The plasticizer is preferably present in an amount of 0.01-2 wt%, more preferably of 0.05-1 wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0140] The amount of all the additives in the present invention is preferably not more than 10 wt%, more preferably is 5wt%or less, and most preferably is 2 wt%or less, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0141] In one embodiment according to the present invention, the polyamide composition comprises:
[0142] (A) 20-50wt%of a polyamide;
[0143] (B) 10-30wt%of a flame retardant;
[0144] (C) 0.05-0.25wt%of a flame-retardant synergist;
[0145] (D) 5-20wt%of an impact modifier; and
[0146] (E) 10-65wt%of a reinforcing agent;
[0147] wherein at least one monomer for preparing the polyamide is an aliphatic monomer having 10 or more carbon atoms, and
[0148] wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises a SWCNT,
[0149] each wt%is based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0150] In a particular embodiment according to the present invention, the polyamide composition comprises:
[0151] (A) 20-50wt%of a polyamide;
[0152] (B) 10-30wt%of a flame retardant;
[0153] (C) 0.05-0.25wt%of a flame-retardant synergist;
[0154] (D) 5-20wt%of an impact modifier; and
[0155] (E) 10-65wt%of a reinforcing agent,
[0156] wherein the polyamide is prepared from at least one aliphatic monomer having 10 or more carbon atoms, and
[0157] wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises a SWCNT and a poly (C2-C6-alkylene oxide) , for example, a polyethylene oxide,
[0158] each wt%is based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0159] In one preferred embodiment, the polyamide composition comprises:
[0160] (A) 20-50wt%of a polyamide;
[0161] (B) 10-30wt%of a flame retardant;
[0162] (C) 0.05-0.25wt%of a flame-retardant synergist;
[0163] (D) 5-20wt%of an impact modifier; and
[0164] (E) 10-65wt%of a reinforcing agent,
[0165] wherein at least one monomer for preparing the polyamide is an aliphatic monomer having 10 or more carbon atoms, and
[0166] wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises a SWCNT and a poly (C2-C6-alkylene oxide) , for example, a poly (ethylene oxide) having a molecular weight Mn of around 2000-3000,
[0167] each wt%is based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0168] In another preferred embodiment, the polyamide composition comprises:
[0169] (A) 20-50wt%of a polyamide;
[0170] (B) 10-30wt%of a flame retardant;
[0171] (C) 0.05-0.25wt%of a flame-retardant synergist;
[0172] (D) 5-20wt%of an impact modifier; and
[0173] (E) 10-65wt%of a reinforcing agent,
[0174] wherein the polyamide comprises at least one selected from the group comprising PA10, PA11, PA12, PA410, PA510, PA512, PA513, PA515, PA610, PA612, PA613, PA614, PA618, PA810, PA812, PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1018, PA1210, PA1212, PA1214, PA1218, PA1313, PA1410, PA1412, PA1414, PA1418, or a combination thereof,
[0175] and
[0176] wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises a SWCNT and a poly (C2-C6-alkylene oxide) ,
[0177] each wt%is based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0178] In a further preferred embodiment, the polyamide composition comprises:
[0179] (A) 20-50wt%of a polyamide;
[0180] (B) 10-30wt%of a flame retardant;
[0181] (C) 0.05-0.25wt%of a flame-retardant synergist;
[0182] (D) 5-20wt%of an impact modifier; and
[0183] (E) 10-65wt%of a reinforcing agent,
[0184] wherein the polyamide comprises at least one selected from the group comprising PA10, PA11, PA12, PA410, PA510, PA512, PA513, PA515, PA610, PA612, PA613, PA614, PA618, PA810, PA812, PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1018, PA1210, PA1212, PA1214, PA1218, PA1313, PA1410, PA1412, PA1414, PA1418, or a combination thereof,
[0185] and
[0186] wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises a SWCNT and a poly (ethylene oxide) , each wt%is based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0187] In one more preferred embodiment, the polyamide composition comprises:
[0188] (A) 20-50wt%of a polyamide;
[0189] (B) 10-30wt%of a flame retardant;
[0190] (C) 0.05-0.15wt%of a flame-retardant synergist;
[0191] (D) 5-20wt%of an impact modifier; and
[0192] (E) 10-65wt%of a reinforcing agent,
[0193] wherein the polyamide comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of PA10, PA11, PA12, PA410, PA510, PA512, PA513, PA515, PA610, PA612, PA613, PA614, PA618, PA810, PA812, PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1018, PA1210, PA1212, PA1214, PA1218, PA1313, PA1410, PA1412, PA1414, PA1418, or a combination thereof,
[0194] and
[0195] wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises a SWCNT and a poly (ethylene oxide) having a molecular weight Mn of around 2000-3000,
[0196] each wt%is based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0197] In all embodiments described herein, the sum of content of each component in the polyamide composition is 100 wt%in total.
[0198] The polyamide composition according to the present invention has an UL94 V0 rating at 0.8 mm in thickness according to UL 94 vertical burning method.
[0199] It is preferred that the polyamide composition according to the present invention can have one or more of the following properties:
[0200] -a tensile modulus of at least 10000MPa measured according to ISO 527-1 / -2;
[0201] -atensile stress at break of at least 110MPa measured according to ISO 527-1 / -2;
[0202] -a tensile elongation (%) of at least 2.8 measured according to ISO 527-1 / -2;
[0203] -a flexural modulus of at least 10000MPa measured according to ISO 178;
[0204] -a flexural strength of at least 180MPa measured according to ISO 178;
[0205] -a Charpy notched impact strength at 23℃ of at least 10 KJ / m2 measured according to ISO 179 / 1eA; and
[0206] -a Charpy unnotched impact strength at 23℃ of at least 60 KJ / m2 measured according to ISO 179 / 1eU.
[0207] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the polyamide composition. According to the present invention, with respect to the method, all components for preparing the polyamide composition can be mixed together in a mixer such as a twin-screw extruder, or some components can be first mixed in a mixer such as a twin-screw extruder and the other components are then fed into the mixer such as a twin-screw extruder by for example using a side feeder. For example, the polyamide, the impact modifier and the reinforcing agent can be first mixed in a mixer such as a twin-screw extruder, and then the flame retardant and the flame-retardant synergist are pre-mixed and fed into the mixer such as a twin-screw extruder at downstream using a side feeder. In the method of preparing the polyamide composition, the polyamide composition can be melt-extruded under a temperature of 200-260℃, and then pelletized, thus obtaining a polyamide composition in a pellet form.
[0208] In one embodiment according to the present invention, the polyamide composition is prepared from a raw material comprising the following components:
[0209] (A) a polyamide;
[0210] (B) a flame retardant;
[0211] (C) a flame-retardant synergist;
[0212] (D) an impact modifier; and
[0213] (E) a reinforcing agent,
[0214] wherein at least one monomer for preparing the polyamide is an aliphatic monomer having 10 or more carbon atoms,
[0215] wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises a carbon nanotube and a dispersant, and wherein the flame-retardant synergist is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 0.05-0.25wt%based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0216] Articles
[0217] The polyamide composition according to the present invention can be processed into various structures or forms by conventional methods to provide articles having flame retardance. For example, the individual components of the polyamide composition according to the present invention can be mixed and then molded, for example via injection and / or extrusion by means of conventional mixing apparatus, such as screw extruders, Brabender mixers or Banbury mixers to form the articles. The mixing temperatures used herein are generally from 200℃ to 260℃.
[0218] It will be understood that all components of the polyamide composition can be mixed at the same time. Alternatively, some components of the polyamide composition can be pre-mixed and then mixed with the other components. For example, all starting components of the polyamide composition except the flame retardant and the flame-retardant synergist are mixed together in a stirrer and fed into a twin-screw extruder at the throat, then the flame retardant and the flame-retardant synergist are pre-mixed and fed at downstream using a side feeder.
[0219] Accordingly, the present invention provides an article produced from the polyamide composition according to the present invention.
[0220] Articles according to the present invention have an UL94 V0 rating at 0.8 mm in thickness according to UL 94 vertical burning method.
[0221] It is preferred that the articles according to the present invention can have one or more of the following properties:
[0222] -a tensile modulus of at least 10000MPa measured according to ISO 527-1 / -2;
[0223] -a tensile stress at break of at least 110MPa measured according to ISO 527-1 / -2;
[0224] -a tensile elongation (%) of at least 2.8 measured according to ISO 527-1 / -2;
[0225] -a flexural modulus of at least 10000MPa measured according to ISO 178;
[0226] -a flexural strength of at least 180MPa measured according to ISO 178;
[0227] -a Charpy notched impact strength at 23℃ of at least 10 KJ / m2 measured according to ISO 179 / 1eA; and
[0228] -a Charpy unnotched impact strength at 23℃ of at least 60 KJ / m2 measured according to ISO 179 / 1eU.
[0229] The polyamide composition according to the present invention possesses both good flame retardance performance and good mechanical properties.
[0230] Thus, the articles produced from the polyamide composition according to the present invention can be used in many fields, including but being not limited to, electrical, furniture, sports, mechanical engineering, sanitary and hygiene, medical, power engineering and drive technology, automobile and other means of transport, or housing material for equipment and apparatuses for telecommunications, consumer electronics, household devices, heating sectors, or fastening parts for installation work, or containers, or ventilation parts of any type.
[0231] The polyamide composition according to the present invention is suitable for the production of fibers, foils, tubes, films, and the like, in particular for applications such as plugs, switches, housing parts, housing covers, headlamp bezels, shower heads, fittings, smoothing irons, rotary switches, stove controls, fryer lids, door handles, (rear) mirror housings, (tailgate) screen wipers, sheathing for optical conductors.
[0232] Articles which can be produced by the polyamide composition according to the present invention comprise electrical and electronic sectors, for example, plugs, plug parts, plug connectors, plug sleeve, cable harness components, electrical connector elements, mechatronic components, optoelectronic components, or a combination thereof.
[0233] Possible uses of the polyamide composition according to the present invention in automobile interiors are for dashboards, steering-column switches, seat parts, headrests, center consoles, gearbox components, and door modules, and possible uses in automobile exteriors are for door handles, headlamp components, exterior mirror components, windshield wiper components, windshield wiper protective housings, decorative grilles, roof rails, sunroof frames, and exterior bodywork parts.
[0234] The polyamide composition according to the present invention can also be possibly used in the kitchen and household sectors, for example for production of components for kitchen equipment, e.g., fryers, smoothing irons, buttons, and also garden and leisure sector applications, such as components for irrigation systems or garden equipment.
[0235] Embodiments
[0236] Various embodiments are listed below. It will be understood that the embodiments listed below can be combined with all aspects and other embodiments in accordance with the scope of the invention.
[0237] Embodiment 1. A polyamide composition comprising the following components:
[0238] (A) a polyamide;
[0239] (B) a flame retardant;
[0240] (C) a flame-retardant synergist;
[0241] (D) an impact modifier; and
[0242] (E) a reinforcing agent;
[0243] wherein at least one monomer for preparing the polyamide is an aliphatic monomer having 10 or more carbon atoms,
[0244] wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises a carbon nanotube and a dispersant, and
[0245] wherein the flame-retardant synergist is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 0.05-0.25wt%, preferably 0.05-0.15wt%based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0246] Embodiment 2. The polyamide composition according to embodiment 1, wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises 65-95wt%, preferably 85-95wt%of a carbon nanotube and 5-35wt%, preferably 5-15wt%of a dispersant, based on the weight of the flame-retardant synergist.
[0247] Embodiment 3. The polyamide composition according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the carbon nanotube is a single-wall carbon nanotube, a multi-wall carbon nanotube, or a combination thereof, preferably a single-wall carbon nanotube.
[0248] Embodiment 4. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the dispersant in the flame-retardant synergist comprises poly (alkylene oxide) , wherein the alkylene oxide preferably has 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, more preferably poly (ethylene oxide) , poly (propylene oxide) , poly (ethylene oxide) -co- (propylene oxide) or a combination thereof, most preferably poly (ethylene oxide) .
[0249] Embodiment 5. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the flame retardant comprises an inorganic flame retardant, a phosphorus-containing flame retardant, a halogen-containing flame retardant, a nitrogen-containing flame retardant, or any combination thereof, preferably a phosphinate, diphosphinate, a metal salt of phosphorous acid, or a combination thereof.
[0250] Embodiment 6. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the flame retardant comprises a phosphinate of Formula (V) , a diphosphinate of Formula (VI) , or a combination thereof:
[0251] in which
[0252] R7 and R8 independently represent hydrogen, linear or branched C1-C6-alkyl, or C6-C10-aryl;
[0253] R9 represents linear or branched C1-C10-alkylene, C6-C10-arylene, C6-C10-alkylarylene or C6-C10-arylalkylene;
[0254] M represents Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and / or a protonated nitrogen base;
[0255] m, n, and x are integers each independently selected from 1 to 4.
[0256] Embodiment 7. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the flame retardant comprises aluminum dimethylphosphinate, calcium dimethylphosphinate, magnesium dimethylphosphinate, zinc dimethylphosphinate, aluminum ethylmethylphosphinate, calcium ethylmethylphosphinate, magnesium ethylmethylphosphinate, zinc ethylmethylphosphinate, aluminum diethylphosphinate, calcium diethylphoshinate, magnesium diethylphosphinate, zinc diethylphosphinate, aluminum methyl-n-propylphosphinate, calcium methyl-n-propylphosphinate, magnesium methyl-n-propylphosphinate, zinc methyl-n-propylphosphinate, Al (H2PO3) 3, Al2 (HPO3) 3, Zn (HPO3) , Al2 (HPO3) 3·4H2O and Al (OH) (H2PO3) 2·2H2O.
[0257] Embodiment 8. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the flame retardant is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 10-30wt%, preferably 15-25wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0258] Embodiment 9. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the impact modifier comprises at least one selected from the group comprising a thermoplastic elastomer, a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer, an ethylene-octene copolymer, an ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, and a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer.
[0259] Embodiment 10. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the impact modifier is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 5-20wt%, preferably 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0260] Embodiment 11. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the reinforcing agent comprises at least one selected from the group comprising glass fibers, glass flakes, carbon fibers, boron fibers, asbestos fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyester fibers, acrylic fibers, wholly aromatic polyamide fibers, polybenzoxazole fibers, polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, kenaf fibers, bamboo fibers, hemp fibers, bagasse fibers, alumina fibers, silicon carbide fibers, potassium titanate fibers, brass fibers, stainless steel fibers, steel fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, or a combination thereof, preferably glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, asbestos fibers, alumina fibers, silicon carbide fibers, potassium titanate fibers, brass fibers, stainless steel fibers, steel fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, or a combination thereof, more preferably glass fibers, carbon fibers, or a combination thereof.
[0261] Embodiment 12. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the reinforcing agent is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 10-65wt%, preferably 25-45wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0262] Embodiment 13. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the aliphatic monomer has 10 to 40 carbon atoms, for example 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0263] Embodiment 14. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the polyamide is selected from the group consisting of a polyamide having repeating units of Formula (I) , a polyamide having repeating units of Formula (II) , and any combinations thereof:
[0264] wherein
[0265] R1 is an alkylene group having 9 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 9 to 40 carbon atoms;
[0266] wherein
[0267] R2 is an alkylene group having 4 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 40 carbon atoms,
[0268] R3 is an alkylene group having 4 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, and
[0269] with the proviso that at least one of the following two requirements is met:
[0270] Requirement (1) : R2 is an alkylene group having 10 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 40 carbon atoms;
[0271] Requirement (2) : R3 is an alkylene group having 8 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 40 carbon atoms.
[0272] Embodiment 15. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the polyamide comprises at least one selected from the group comprising PA10, PA11, PA12, PA410, PA510, PA512, PA513, PA515, PA610, PA612, PA613, PA614, PA618, PA810, PA812, PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1018, PA1210, PA1212, PA1214, PA1218, PA1313, PA1410, PA1412, PA1414, PA1418, or a combination thereof.
[0273] Embodiment 16. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the polyamide is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 20-50wt%, preferably 25-35wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0274] Embodiment 17. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the polyamide composition comprises:
[0275] (A) 20-50wt%of a polyamide;
[0276] (B) 10-30wt%of a flame retardant;
[0277] (C) 0.05-0.25wt%of a flame-retardant synergist;
[0278] (D) 5-20wt%of an impact modifier; and
[0279] (E) 10-65wt%of a reinforcing agent,
[0280] wherein the wt%is based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.
[0281] Embodiment 18. The polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the polyamide composition further comprises an antioxidant, preferably selected from aromatic amine-based antioxidant agents, hindered phenol-based antioxidant agents, phosphite-based antioxidant agents, metal salts and iodides.
[0282] Embodiment 19. An article produced from the polyamide composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 18.
[0283] Embodiment 20. The article according to embodiment 19, wherein the article comprises plugs, plug parts, plug connectors, plug sleeves, cable harness components, electrical connector elements, mechatronic components, optoelectronic components, or a combination thereof.
[0284] EXAMPLES
[0285] Aspects of the present invention are more fully illustrated by the following examples, which are set forth to illustrate certain aspects of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting thereof.
[0286] Following materials and test methods were used in the Examples.
[0287] Materials:
[0288] Table 1 The materials used in the inventive examples and comparative examples 1 SWCNT has the following characters: (1) purity ≥80%; (2) one layer (SWCNT) ; (3) outer diameter of 1.6±0.4nm; (4) length of ≥5um; (5) metallic impurities ≤15%2 The poly (ethylene oxide) has a molecular weight Mn of around 2000-30003 The polyester polyol has the parameters in the following Table:
[0289] Measurements:
[0290] 1. MVR was measured according to ISO 1133.
[0291] 2. Tensile modulus, tensile stress at break and tensile elongation were measured according to ISO 527-1 / -2.
[0292] 3. Flexural modulus and flexural strength were measured according to ISO 178.
[0293] 4. Charpy notched impact strength was measured according to ISO 179 / 1eA. The test specimens for Charpy notched test are type 1 with notched type A. All the test specimens were conditioned at 23℃ and 50%relative humidity for 16 h. The tests were conducted under the same atmosphere as conditioning.
[0294] 5. Charpy unnotched impact strength was measured according to ISO 179 / 1eU. The test specimens for Charpy unnotched test is type 1 specimen with the dimensions of 80*10*4mm (length*width*thickness) . All the test specimens were conditioned at 23℃ and 50%relative humidity for 16 h. The tests were conducted under the same atmosphere as conditioning.
[0295] 6. The UL flame retardancy rating was measured according to UL 94 vertical burning method with sample sizes of 127mm*12.7mm*0.8 mm (length*width*thickness) .
[0296] The test specimens used are made according to the following general procedure for preparing the test specimens.
[0297] General procedure for preparing the test specimens
[0298] Test specimens were prepared in accordance with the formulations as shown in Table 2. All raw materials except the flame retardant and the flame-retardant synergist were mixed together in a Tubula T50A high-speed stirrer and fed into a Coperion ZSK26MC twin-screw extruder at the throat, and the flame retardant and the flame-retardant synergist were pre-mixed and fed at downstream using a side feeder, then melt-extruded under a temperature of 250℃, and pelletized, thus obtaining a polyamide composition in a pellet form.
[0299] The dried pellets of the polyamide composition were processed in an injection molding machine (KM130CX, from Krauss Maffei) with a clamping force of 130T at melt temperatures of 220 ℃ to 260 ℃ to provide a test specimen.
[0300] The obtained test specimens were measured for the properties as described above. The test results and the formulations for the preparation of the test specimens are summarized in Table 2.
[0301] Table 2 Ex.: Inventive Example; Comp. Ex.: Comparative Example
[0302] It can be seen from Table 2 that the inventive examples 1 and 2 achieve good flame retardance performance (UL94 V0) and good mechanical properties simultaneously. While the comparative example 1 achieves good flame retardance performance (UL94 V0) , its Charpy unnotched impact strength is significantly lower relative to the inventive examples. While the comparative examples 2, 3 and 4 achieves good mechanical properties, their flame retardance performance is quite poorer relative to the inventive examples, even Charpy unnotched impact strengths of the inventive examples are slightly higher than those of the comparative examples 2 and 4, which could show that samples of the inventive examples have higher toughness.
[0303] It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. It is intended that the embodiments and examples be considered as exemplary only. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
A polyamide composition comprising the following components:(A) a polyamide;(B) a flame retardant;(C) a flame-retardant synergist;(D) an impact modifier; and(E) a reinforcing agent;wherein at least one monomer for preparing the polyamide is an aliphatic monomer having 10 or more carbon atoms,wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises a carbon nanotube and a dispersant, andwherein the flame-retardant synergist is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 0.05-0.25wt%, preferably 0.05-0.15wt%based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.The polyamide composition according to claim 1, wherein the flame-retardant synergist comprises 65-95wt%, preferably 85-95wt%of a carbon nanotube and 5-35wt%, preferably 5-15wt%of a dispersant, based on the weight of the flame-retardant synergist.The polyamide composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon nanotube is a single-wall carbon nanotube, a multi-wall carbon nanotube, or a combination thereof, preferably a single-wall carbon nanotube.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dispersant in the flame-retardant synergist comprises poly (alkylene oxide) , wherein the alkylene oxide preferably has 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, more preferably poly (ethylene oxide) , poly (propylene oxide) , poly (ethylene oxide) -co- (propylene oxide) or a combination thereof, most preferably poly (ethylene oxide) .The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the flame retardant comprises an inorganic flame retardant, a phosphorus-containing flame retardant, a halogen-containing flame retardant, a nitrogen-containing flame retardant, or any combination thereof, preferably a phosphinate, diphosphinate, a metal salt of phosphorous acid, or a combination thereof.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the flame retardant comprises a phosphinate of Formula (V) , a diphosphinate of Formula (VI) , or a combination thereof:in whichR7 and R8 independently represent hydrogen, linear or branched C1-C6-alkyl, or C6-C10-aryl;R9 represents linear or branched C1-C10-alkylene, C6-C10-arylene, C6-C10-alkylarylene or C6-C10-arylalkylene;M represents Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and / or a protonated nitrogen base;m, n, and x are integers each independently selected from 1 to 4.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the flame retardant comprises aluminum dimethylphosphinate, calcium dimethylphosphinate, magnesium dimethylphosphinate, zinc dimethylphosphinate, aluminum ethylmethylphosphinate, calcium ethylmethylphosphinate, magnesium ethylmethylphosphinate, zinc ethylmethylphosphinate, aluminum diethylphosphinate, calcium diethylphoshinate, magnesium diethylphosphinate, zinc diethylphosphinate, aluminum methyl-n-propylphosphinate, calcium methyl-n-propylphosphinate, magnesium methyl-n-propylphosphinate, zinc methyl-n-propylphosphinate, Al (H2PO3) 3, Al2 (HPO3) 3, Zn (HPO3) , Al2 (HPO3) 3·4H2O and Al (OH) (H2PO3) 2·2H2O.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the flame retardant is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 10-30wt%, preferably 15-25wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the impact modifier comprises at least one selected from the group comprising a thermoplastic elastomer, a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer, an ethylene-octene copolymer, an ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, and a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the impact modifier is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 5-20wt%, preferably 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the reinforcing agent comprises at least one selected from the group comprising glass fibers, glass flakes, carbon fibers, boron fibers, asbestos fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyester fibers, acrylic fibers, wholly aromatic polyamide fibers, polybenzoxazole fibers, polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, kenaf fibers, bamboo fibers, hemp fibers, bagasse fibers, alumina fibers, silicon carbide fibers, potassium titanate fibers, brass fibers, stainless steel fibers, steel fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, or a combination thereof, preferably glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, asbestos fibers, alumina fibers, silicon carbide fibers, potassium titanate fibers, brass fibers, stainless steel fibers, steel fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, or a combination thereof, more preferably glass fibers, carbon fibers, or a combination thereof.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the reinforcing agent is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 10-65wt%, preferably 25-45wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the aliphatic monomer has 10 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 20 carbon atoms.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the polyamide is selected from the group consisting of a polyamide having repeating units of Formula (I) , a polyamide having repeating units of Formula (II) , and any combinations thereof:whereinR1 is an alkylene group having 9 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 9 to 40 carbon atoms;whereinR2 is an alkylene group having 4 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 40 carbon atoms,R3 is an alkylene group having 4 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, andwith the proviso that at least one of the following two requirements is met:Requirement (1) : R2 is an alkylene group having 10 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 40 carbon atoms;Requirement (2) : R3 is an alkylene group having 8 or more carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 40 carbon atoms.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the polyamide comprises at least one selected from the group comprising PA10, PA11, PA12, PA410, PA510, PA512, PA513, PA515, PA610, PA612, PA613, PA614, PA618, PA810, PA812, PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1018, PA1210, PA1212, PA1214, PA1218, PA1313, PA1410, PA1412, PA1414, PA1418, or a combination thereof.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 15, wherein the polyamide is present in the polyamide composition in an amount of 20-50wt%, preferably 25-35wt%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the polyamide composition comprises:(A) 20-50wt%of a polyamide;(B) 10-30wt%of a flame retardant;(C) 0.05-0.25wt%of a flame-retardant synergist;(D) 5-20wt%of an impact modifier; and(E) 10-65wt%of a reinforcing agent,wherein the wt%is based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.The polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 17, wherein the polyamide composition further comprises an antioxidant, preferably selected from aromatic amine-based antioxidant agents, hindered phenol-based antioxidant agents, phosphite-based antioxidant agents, metal salts and iodides.An article produced from the polyamide composition according to any of claims 1 to 18.The article according to claim 19, wherein the article comprises plugs, plug parts, plug connectors, plug sleeves, cable harness components, electrical connector elements, mechatronic components, optoelectronic components, or a combination thereof.
Citation Information
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