Multiple access method and apparatus for passive internet of things, network device, and terminal

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a multiple access method and apparatus for passive Internet of Things, a network device, and a terminal. In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a network device generates a synchronization interval sequence signal, the synchronization interval sequence signal being a periodic sequence signal; and then the network device sends the synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal, so that the at least one terminal uses the synchronization interval sequence signal to determine a resource position thereof for accessing passive Internet of Things. Different terminals access the passive Internet of Things at different resource positions, thereby reducing the collision frequency. The terminals can synchronously access the passive Internet of Things, thereby implementing a synchronization mechanism for multiple terminals. Therefore, a conventional multiple access scheme, which only allows one terminal to access each time, is extended to allow multiple terminals to access simultaneously, thereby increasing the access efficiency, and thus supporting a scenario in which the number of passive Internet of Things terminals is significantly increased.

Description

A passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method, device, network equipment, and terminal

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411024562.X, filed on July 29, 2024, entitled "A Multiple Access Method, Apparatus, Network Device and Terminal for Passive Internet of Things", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to a passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method, apparatus, network device, and terminal. Background Technology

[0004] Passive Internet of Things (IoT) utilizes environmental energy harvesting technology to convert available signals and energy from the surrounding environment into electrical energy that can drive its own circuitry. It also uses a communication mode based on backscattering to transmit information to target nodes. Its key feature is that it does not rely on traditional battery power at all.

[0005] As the coverage of passive IoT gradually expands, the probability of multiple terminals (e.g., tags) being activated simultaneously within the coverage area increases. Using traditional multiple access and transmission processes, collisions will frequently occur when the number of passive IoT terminals is large, leading to reduced access efficiency or even failure to access normally. However, the sixth-generation mobile communication standard (6G) must support scenarios with a significantly increased number of passive IoT terminals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a passive IoT multiple access scheme that allows more passive terminals to access the passive IoT network and improves access efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method, apparatus, network device, and terminal.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure propose a passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method, applied to network devices, the method comprising:

[0008] Generate a synchronization interval sequence signal, which is a periodic sequence signal; send the synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal, which is used by at least one terminal to determine the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, and different resource locations are used for at least one terminal to access the passive Internet of Things through multiple access.

[0009] In some embodiments, generating a synchronization interval sequence signal includes: encoding a bit sequence of a preset length and / or a downlink data transmission line code to obtain a synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0010] In some embodiments, after sending a synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal, the method further includes:

[0011] Receive a temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal, the temporary access identifier being generated by the terminal;

[0012] Based on the temporary access identifier and synchronization interval sequence signal sent by at least one terminal, determine the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal.

[0013] In some embodiments, the temporary access identifier includes: a random number of preset length; and / or, a cyclic redundancy check bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; and / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be transmitted.

[0014] In some embodiments, determining the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal based on a temporary access identifier and a synchronization interval sequence signal sent by at least one terminal includes:

[0015] The resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal is obtained by taking the remainder of the temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal and then adding 1 to the remainder. The number of preset resource locations is the number of resource allocations corresponding to the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0016] In some embodiments, after determining the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, the method further includes: sending an ACK signal to at least one terminal at the resource location used to send the signal to at least one terminal, wherein the ACK signal includes a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0017] In some embodiments, after sending an ACK signal to at least one terminal, the method further includes:

[0018] Receive a first terminal response sent by at least one terminal, wherein the first terminal response includes terminal identification information;

[0019] At the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, a random number request signal is sent to at least one terminal, the random number request signal including a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0020] In some embodiments, after sending a random number request signal to at least one terminal, the method further includes:

[0021] Receive a second terminal response sent by at least one terminal, wherein the second terminal response includes a transmission identifier;

[0022] At the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, an access command is sent to at least one terminal, the access command including a transmission identifier.

[0023] Secondly, this disclosure also proposes a passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method for a terminal. The method includes: receiving a synchronization interval sequence signal sent by a network device, wherein the synchronization interval sequence signal is a periodic sequence signal; and determining the resource location used for accessing the passive IoT based on the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0024] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0025] Determine the temporary access identifier;

[0026] Based on the synchronization interval sequence signal, the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things is determined, including: based on the temporary access identifier and the synchronization interval sequence signal, the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things is determined.

[0027] In some embodiments, the temporary access identifier includes: a random number of preset length; and / or, a cyclic redundancy check bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; and / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be transmitted.

[0028] In some embodiments, determining the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things (IoT) is based on a temporary access identifier and a synchronization interval sequence signal, including:

[0029] The resource locations used for accessing the passive IoT are obtained by taking the remainder of the preset number of resource locations based on the temporary access identifier and then adding 1 to the remainder. The preset number of resource locations is the number of resource allocations corresponding to the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0030] In some embodiments, after determining the temporary access identifier, the method further includes:

[0031] Temporary access identifiers are sent to network devices at resource locations used for accessing passive IoT.

[0032] In some embodiments, sending a temporary access identifier to a network device includes:

[0033] Generate random numbers based on specified values;

[0034] Time slot counter counting is performed based on random numbers;

[0035] When the time slot counter reaches zero, a temporary access identifier is sent to the network device.

[0036] In some embodiments, after sending the temporary access identifier to the network device, the method further includes:

[0037] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, receive the ACK signal sent by the network device. The ACK signal includes at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to the terminal.

[0038] In some embodiments, after receiving the ACK signal sent by the network device, the method further includes:

[0039] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a first terminal response is sent to the network device, which includes terminal identification information.

[0040] In some embodiments, after sending a first terminal response to the network device, the method further includes:

[0041] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a random number request signal sent by a network device is received. The random number request signal includes at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to a terminal.

[0042] In some embodiments, after receiving a random number request signal sent by a network device, the method further includes:

[0043] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a second terminal response is sent to the network device, and the second terminal response includes a transmission identifier.

[0044] In some embodiments, after sending a second terminal response to the network device, the method further includes: receiving an access command sent by the network device at a resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, the access command including a transmission identifier.

[0045] Thirdly, this disclosure also proposes a passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access device, applied to network equipment, the device comprising:

[0046] The generation unit is used to generate a synchronization interval sequence signal, which is a periodic sequence signal.

[0047] The transmitting unit is used to send a synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal. The synchronization interval sequence signal is used by at least one terminal to determine the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things. Different resource locations are used by at least one terminal for multiple access to the passive Internet of Things.

[0048] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure also propose a passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access device for use in a terminal, the device comprising:

[0049] The receiving unit is used to receive the synchronization interval sequence signal sent by the network device. The synchronization interval sequence signal is a periodic sequence signal.

[0050] The determination unit is used to determine the location of resources used for accessing the passive Internet of Things based on the temporary access identifier and the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0051] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a network device, wherein the network device includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor;

[0052] Memory is used to store computer programs; transceiver is used to send and receive data under the control of the processor; processor is used to read the computer program from memory and execute it.

[0053] Generate a synchronization interval sequence signal, which is a periodic sequence signal; send the synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal, which is used by at least one terminal to determine the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, and different resource locations are used for at least one terminal to access the passive Internet of Things through multiple access.

[0054] In some embodiments, generating a synchronization interval sequence signal includes: encoding a bit sequence of a preset length and / or a downlink data transmission line code to obtain a synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0055] In some embodiments, after sending a synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal, the processor is further configured to:

[0056] Receive a temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal, the temporary access identifier being generated by the terminal;

[0057] Based on the temporary access identifier and synchronization interval sequence signal sent by at least one terminal, determine the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal.

[0058] In some embodiments, the temporary access identifier includes: a random number of preset length; and / or, a cyclic redundancy check bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; and / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be transmitted.

[0059] In some embodiments, determining the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal based on a temporary access identifier and a synchronization interval sequence signal sent by at least one terminal includes:

[0060] The resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal is obtained by taking the remainder of the temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal and then adding 1 to the remainder. The number of preset resource locations is the number of resource allocations corresponding to the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0061] In some embodiments, after determining the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, the processor is further configured to: send an acknowledgment (ACK) signal to at least one terminal at the resource location used to send the signal to at least one terminal, wherein the ACK signal includes a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0062] In some embodiments, after sending an ACK signal to at least one terminal, the processor is further configured to:

[0063] Receive a first terminal response sent by at least one terminal, wherein the first terminal response includes terminal identification information;

[0064] At the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, a random number request signal is sent to at least one terminal, the random number request signal including a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0065] In some embodiments, after sending a random number request signal to at least one terminal, the processor is further configured to:

[0066] Receive a second terminal response sent by at least one terminal, wherein the second terminal response includes a transmission identifier;

[0067] At the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, an access command is sent to at least one terminal, the access command including a transmission identifier.

[0068] Sixthly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a terminal, wherein the terminal includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor;

[0069] Memory is used to store computer programs; transceiver is used to send and receive data under the control of the processor; processor is used to read the computer program from memory and execute it.

[0070] The system receives synchronization interval sequence signals sent by network devices. These synchronization interval sequence signals are periodic sequences. Based on these synchronization interval sequence signals, the system determines the location of resources used for accessing the passive Internet of Things (IoT).

[0071] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to: determine a temporary access identifier;

[0072] Based on the synchronization interval sequence signal, the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things is determined, including: based on the temporary access identifier and the synchronization interval sequence signal, the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things is determined.

[0073] In some embodiments, the temporary access identifier includes: a random number of preset length; and / or, a cyclic redundancy check bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; and / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be transmitted.

[0074] In some embodiments, determining the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things (IoT) is based on a temporary access identifier and a synchronization interval sequence signal, including:

[0075] The resource locations used for accessing the passive IoT are obtained by taking the remainder of the preset number of resource locations based on the temporary access identifier and then adding 1 to the remainder. The preset number of resource locations is the number of resource allocations corresponding to the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0076] In some embodiments, after determining the temporary access identifier, the processor is further configured to:

[0077] Temporary access identifiers are sent to network devices at resource locations used for accessing passive IoT.

[0078] In some embodiments, sending a temporary access identifier to a network device includes:

[0079] Generate random numbers based on specified values;

[0080] Time slot counter counting is performed based on random numbers;

[0081] When the time slot counter reaches zero, a temporary access identifier is sent to the network device.

[0082] In some embodiments, after sending the temporary access identifier to the network device, the processor is further configured to:

[0083] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, receive the ACK signal sent by the network device. The ACK signal includes at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to the terminal.

[0084] In some embodiments, after receiving the ACK signal sent by the network device, the processor is further configured to:

[0085] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a first terminal response is sent to the network device, which includes terminal identification information.

[0086] In some embodiments, after sending the first terminal response to the network device, the processor is further configured to:

[0087] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a random number request signal sent by a network device is received. The random number request signal includes at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to a terminal.

[0088] In some embodiments, after receiving a random number request signal sent by a network device, the processor is further configured to:

[0089] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a second terminal response is sent to the network device, and the second terminal response includes a transmission identifier.

[0090] In some embodiments, after sending a second terminal response to the network device, the processor is further configured to: receive an access command sent by the network device at a resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, the access command including a transmission identifier.

[0091] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a processor-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor to execute the passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method of any embodiment of the first aspect or the passive IoT multiple access method of any embodiment of the second aspect.

[0092] In at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the network device generates a synchronization interval sequence signal, which is a periodic sequence signal, and then sends the synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal. This enables at least one terminal to use the synchronization interval sequence signal to determine the resource location used by each terminal to access the passive Internet of Things (IoT). Different terminals access the passive IoT at different resource locations, reducing the collision frequency and enabling synchronous access to the passive IoT. This realizes a synchronization mechanism for multiple terminals, extending the traditional multiple access scheme that only allows one terminal to access at a time to allowing multiple terminals to access simultaneously, improving access efficiency and supporting scenarios where the number of passive IoT terminals increases significantly. Attached Figure Description

[0093] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0094] Figure 1a and Figure 1b are schematic diagrams of two air interface architectures for passive Internet of Things (IoT).

[0095] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the communication process of a passive Internet of Things (IoT).

[0096] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0097] Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of a synchronous interval sequence signal provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a pulse interval encoded PIE deformed line code;

[0098] Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of another synchronous interval sequence signal provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a pulse interval encoded PIE deformed line code;

[0099] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating another passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0100] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a passive Internet of Things (IoT) communication process provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0101] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0102] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0103] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a network device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0104] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a terminal provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0105] To better understand the above-described objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure, the present disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. The specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this disclosure and are not intended to limit it. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0106] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as “first” and “second” are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0107] (1) Passive Internet of Things (IoT) air interface architecture

[0108] Passive IoT terminals (such as tags) typically communicate using backscatter technology, a passive, trigger-based communication method that does not require active data transmission capabilities. Traditional Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is mainly used for communication between a single reader and the tags within its coverage area. When the number of terminals is small, simple collision management techniques can be used to solve access problems.

[0109] Figures 1a and 1b are schematic diagrams of two air interface architectures for passive Internet of Things (IoT).

[0110] Figure 1a illustrates a single-station backscatter scenario. In the downlink of Figure 1a, the reader broadcasts a continuous wave (CW) signal and signaling information via a carrier signal. The terminal (Tag) can use the CW signal to transmit its information back to the reader. The signaling information is used to activate a specific tag and transmit related signaling information. After being activated, the tag decodes the signaling information. Based on the reader's signaling information, the tag transmits its information by reflecting and modulating the CW signal to obtain a backscattered signal. The reader processes the received backscattered signal to detect the information uploaded by the tag.

[0111] Figure 1b illustrates a bistatic backscatter scenario. In Figure 1b, there is an RF carrier source, whose main function is to provide a carrier wave. The Reader is used to send signaling information to the Tag and receive information sent by the Tag. This topology not only provides flexibility for practical deployment but also improves the received signal strength at the Reader. Furthermore, since the RF carrier source and Reader do not need to be co-located, and the RF carrier source can be closer to the Tag, the Tag can obtain higher incident signal power.

[0112] (2) Communication process of passive Internet of Things

[0113] The reader sends a Select command to the tag, which selects tags that meet specific criteria. The tag checks the Action and Mask bits in the Select command, compares them with the bits of the Electronic Product Code (EPC), and modifies the tag's marker bits accordingly. Therefore, through the Select command, the reader can select a specific group of tags, limiting or narrowing the tag search range, and only performing inventory identification or storage operations on the selected tags. This helps reduce collisions and duplicate identifications, and speeds up the identification process.

[0114] A tag can be in one of the following seven states:

[0115] Ready state, Arbitrate state, Reply state, Acknowledged state, Open state, Secured state, Killed state.

[0116] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a passive Internet of Things (IoT) communication process. In Figure 2, the passive IoT communication process includes the following steps 1 to 7:

[0117] 1. The reader sends a 22-bit query command containing a specified value (Q value) to the tag and initiates a disk storage cycle.

[0118] 2. The tag generates a 16-bit bit sequence (RN16) as its temporary identifier (Tag ID) and generates a random number in the range [0, 2^Q-1], which is placed in its own time slot counter; when the time slot counter value is 0, the tag sends its RN16 to the reader.

[0119] 3. If the reader receives a valid RN16, the reader sends an acknowledgment (ACK) signal carrying the RN16 to the tag, i.e., ACK(RN16).

[0120] 4. If the tag receives a valid ACK signal, i.e., RN16 in the ACK signal is valid, it sends the tag's Electronic Product Code (EPC) to the reader and enters the Acknowledged state.

[0121] In this embodiment, tags that do not receive a valid ACK signal enter the arbitrate state. When the reader sends a QueryRep command (to start the reading process of the next time slot and decrement the tag's slot counter value by 1), the slot counter value of the tag in the arbitrate state is decremented by 1, waiting for the time slot counter value to be 0.

[0122] 5. After receiving the EPC sent by the tag, the reader sends a random number request (Req_RN) signal carrying RN16 information, i.e., Req_RN(RN16).

[0123] 6. If RN16 in the Req_RN signal received by the tag is valid, the tag sends a transmission identifier (handle) to the reader.

[0124] 7. The reader receives the handle sent by the tag and sends an access command carrying the handle to the tag, i.e., command(handle).

[0125] If the tag receives a valid access command, i.e., the handle in command(handle) is valid, then the access command is executed.

[0126] When the tag has no password (access password is 0), the tag enters the open state, allowing read and write operations. When the tag has a password, the Req_RN signal carrying a valid RN16 must contain the valid password, and the tag enters the secure state, allowing read, write, and locking operations. After a frame ends, the reader checks the Q value. If the Q value changes, the reader sends a QueryAdjust command to change the Q value and start a new memory cycle. If the Q value remains unchanged, the reader sends a Query command to start a new memory cycle.

[0127] Currently, RFID technology employs a reader-led multiple access and transmission method, which resolves communication conflicts caused by multiple tags appearing in the same communication area through recursive binary tree search. The recursive search process involves the reader detecting multiple tags simultaneously responding to a query command in the communication area. It can determine if certain data bits in the returned RN16 data are incorrect and, by "masking" the responses of some conflicting tags, narrows the search range, progressively reducing the number of potentially conflicting RN16 data bits. Thus, through the recursive binary tree search, progressive deambiguity is achieved until only the next tag in the communication area is "active," while the rest are temporarily in a "dormant" state, achieving interference-free communication. After this communication process, the reader initiates another round of anti-collision processes with other unidentified tags until all tags in the communication area are identified sequentially. The key characteristic of this reader-led multiple access and transmission method is its strict orderliness. When the number of tags in the communication area is small, the time overhead caused by anti-collision is tolerable. However, once the number of tags increases significantly, the time required for deambiguation will increase exponentially with the increase in the number of tags, resulting in an increase in the time required for this multiple access and transmission process.

[0128] When 6G supports passive IoT, it may face the following problems: the above-mentioned multiple access and transmission process will frequently collide when the number of terminals is large, resulting in reduced access efficiency or even failure to access normally. However, 6G needs to support scenarios where the number of passive IoT terminals increases significantly. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a multiple access scheme for passive IoT to allow more passive terminals to access passive IoT and improve access efficiency.

[0129] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method according to an embodiment of this disclosure. This passive IoT multiple access method is applied to a network device, which can be a base station or an excitation source in the passive IoT (e.g., a reader). As shown in Figure 3, the passive IoT multiple access method may include, but is not limited to, steps 301 and 302:

[0130] In step 301, a synchronization interval sequence signal is generated, which is a periodic sequence signal. Generating the synchronization interval sequence signal includes:

[0131] A bit sequence and / or downlink data transmission line code of a preset length (predefined or preconfigured) are encoded (e.g., encoded waveforms) into multiple periodic waveforms to obtain a synchronization interval sequence signal. The synchronization interval sequence signal has multiple periodic waveforms, which can indicate multiple resource locations. The synchronization interval sequence signal can also be a pre-agreed periodic sequence signal.

[0132] Taking network devices as readers and terminals as tags as an example, downlink data is reader-to-terminal (R2D) data. The R2D data transmission line code is Manchester code. Manchester code encodes bit 1 as a low level to a high level and bit 0 as a high level to a low level. The high level and low level last for the same duration.

[0133] In some embodiments, the synchronization interval sequence signal may employ a specific bit sequence with good cross-correlation and autocorrelation properties, using an on-off keying (OOK) modulation waveform encoded with a line code that has the same waveform as the R2D data transmission line code, such as an m-sequence, Gold sequence, or Kasimi sequence, etc., in which the length of bit 1 can be equal.

[0134] For example, if the synchronization interval sequence signal is a sequence signal with a period of N, that is, the synchronization interval sequence signal indicates N resources, then the length of the m sequence can be specified as N, that is, the m sequence has N bits, each bit indicating one resource. Then, the m sequence is encoded using Manchester code, that is, the bit 1 in the m sequence is encoded as low level and converted to high level, and the bit 0 in the m sequence is encoded as high level and converted to low level, thus obtaining the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0135] In some embodiments, the synchronization interval sequence signal may employ a special line code that differs from the downlink data transmission line code. For example, the special line code is a variant of the Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE) line code, consisting of an all-1-bit sequence.

[0136] For example, if the synchronization interval sequence signal is a sequence signal with a period of N, that is, the synchronization interval sequence signal indicates N resources, one implementation scheme for the PIE encoding process of the synchronization interval sequence signal is as follows: divide the N resources (e.g., 12 resources) into M segments (e.g., three segments), each segment including N / M (4) identical waveforms. Each waveform includes multiple high levels and one low level, and the number of high levels in the waveforms of different segments is different. For example, the first segment's 4 waveforms include 4 high levels and 1 low level, the second segment's 4 waveforms include 3 high levels and 1 low level, and the third segment's 4 waveforms include 2 high levels and 1 low level. In this way, there are a total of 12 waveforms, indicating 12 resources. It should be noted that the PIE encoding process of the synchronization interval sequence signal can be different, but the purpose is the same, as long as the synchronization interval sequence signal has multiple periodic waveforms, and multiple waveforms can indicate multiple resource locations.

[0137] Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of a synchronous interval sequence signal provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a pulse interval encoded PIE deformed line code. In Figure 4a, the synchronous interval sequence signal is a PIE deformed line code with a period of 12. The codeword of the first 4 bits of the PIE line code is 11110, the codeword of the middle 4 bits of the PIE line code is 1110, and the codeword of the last 4 bits of the PIE line code is 110.

[0138] Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of another synchronous interval sequence signal provided by the present disclosure, which is a pulse interval encoded PIE deformed line code. In Figure 4b, the synchronous interval sequence signal is a PIE deformed line code with a period of 12. The codeword of the first 4 bits of the PIE line code is 110, the codeword of the middle 4 bits of the PIE line code is 1110, and the codeword of the last 4 bits of the PIE line code is 11110.

[0139] As can be seen from Figures 4a and 4b, the synchronization interval sequence signal uses PIE codes of different lengths (i.e., signals of multiple waveforms) to indicate different time-domain resources. For example, 12 waveforms correspond to 12 time-domain resources, which can support time division multiple access (TDMA) mode for up to 12 terminals.

[0140] In this embodiment, the function of the synchronization interval sequence signal is to divide the uplink and downlink resources of network devices. It is a periodic, discontinuous time synchronization signal with a special waveform that is easy to detect.

[0141] In step 302, a synchronization interval sequence signal is sent to at least one terminal. The synchronization interval sequence signal is used by at least one terminal to determine the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things. Different resource locations are used for at least one terminal to access the passive Internet of Things through multiple access.

[0142] For example, referring to Figures 4a and 4b, the terminal can obtain time synchronization with a period of 12 based on the synchronization interval sequence signal sent by the network device, and can distinguish between synchronization intervals 1 to 12. Different terminals use different synchronization intervals (corresponding to different resource locations) to synchronously access the passive Internet of Things.

[0143] As can be seen, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, the network device generates a synchronization interval sequence signal, which is a periodic sequence signal, and then sends the synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal. This allows at least one terminal to use the synchronization interval sequence signal to determine the resource location used by each terminal to access the passive IoT. Different terminals access the passive IoT at different resource locations, reducing the collision frequency and enabling synchronous access to the passive IoT. This realizes a synchronization mechanism for multiple terminals, extending the traditional multiple access scheme that only allows one terminal to access at a time to allowing multiple terminals to access simultaneously, improving access efficiency and supporting scenarios where the number of passive IoT terminals increases significantly.

[0144] In some embodiments, after sending a synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal in step 302, the method further includes steps 303 and 304, which are not shown in FIG3:

[0145] In step 303, a temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal is received. The temporary access identifier is generated by the terminal. The temporary access identifier is a pre-defined (e.g., 16-bit) sequence of bits generated by the terminal, denoted as RN16.

[0146] Temporary access identifiers include: a random number of preset length; and / or, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; and / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be transmitted.

[0147] For example, RN16 is a random number of a preset length (16 bits).

[0148] For example, RN16 is a 16-bit CRC bit sequence of the data to be sent.

[0149] For example, RN16 is a bit sequence consisting of the first 16 bits of the data to be sent.

[0150] As can be seen, this embodiment provides a variety of temporary access identifiers, which the terminal can choose flexibly.

[0151] In step 304, the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal is determined based on the temporary access identifier and synchronization interval sequence signal sent by at least one terminal.

[0152] The signals sent by the network device can be any of the following: acknowledgment (ACK) signal, random number request (Req_RN) signal, or access command. The resource sequence number of the synchronization interval sequence signal is, for example, any one of the numbers 1 to 12 in Figure 4a or Figure 4b.

[0153] In this embodiment, the network device determines the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal based on the temporary access identifier (RN16) and synchronization interval sequence signal sent by at least one terminal. The specific determination method is described below.

[0154] As can be seen, this embodiment binds the resource location used by the network device to send signals to the resource sequence number of the synchronization interval sequence signal. By determining the downlink resource location used to send signals to different terminals, the downlink resource locations corresponding to different terminals are different, thus avoiding collisions and improving transmission efficiency.

[0155] In some embodiments, step 304, determining the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal based on the temporary access identifier and synchronization interval sequence signal sent by at least one terminal, includes:

[0156] The resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal is obtained by taking the remainder of the temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal and then adding 1 to the remainder. The number of preset resource locations is the number of resource allocations corresponding to the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0157] In this embodiment, the network device takes the remainder of the temporary access identifier (RN16) sent by the terminal divided by a preset number of resource locations (e.g., N, where N is a value determined by the network device), adds 1 to the remainder, and obtains the nth resource location, where 1 ≤ n ≤ N. N can be understood as the number of time-domain resource partitions or frequency-domain resource partitions for the synchronization interval sequence signal. Since different terminals send different RN16 values, the resource location n used to send signals to different terminals is different.

[0158] For example, after receiving the temporary access identifier (RN16) sent by terminal A, the network device takes the remainder of the temporary access identifier (RN16) of terminal A with respect to the preset number of resource locations (e.g., N, where N is a value determined by the network device), adds 1 to the remainder, and obtains the third resource location. Then, the network device sends a signal to terminal A at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0159] In some embodiments, after determining the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal in step 304, the method further includes step 305, which is not shown in FIG3:

[0160] In step 305, at the resource location used to send the signal to at least one terminal, an acknowledgment (ACK) signal is sent to at least one terminal, the ACK signal including a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0161] In this embodiment, since the resource location used by the network device to send signals is bound to the resource sequence number of the synchronization interval sequence signal, after the network device determines the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal, it sends an ACK signal to at least one terminal at the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal. The ACK signal includes a temporary access identifier (RN16) corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0162] For example, if a network device determines that the resource location used to send a signal to terminal A is the third resource of the synchronization interval sequence signal, then the network device sends an ACK signal to terminal A at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal. The ACK signal includes the temporary access identifier (RN16) of terminal A.

[0163] In some embodiments, after sending an ACK signal to at least one terminal in step 305, the method further includes steps 306 and 307, which are not shown in FIG3:

[0164] In step 306, a first terminal response is received from at least one terminal, the first terminal response including terminal identification information. The terminal identification information may be, for example, an Electronic Product Code (EPC).

[0165] In step 307, at the resource location used to send the signal to at least one terminal, a random number request signal is sent to at least one terminal, the random number request signal including a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0166] In this embodiment, since the resource location used by the network device to send the signal is bound to the resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal, after the network device receives the first terminal response sent by at least one terminal, it sends a random number request (Req_RN) signal to at least one terminal at the resource location used to send the signal to at least one terminal. The Req_RN signal includes the temporary access identifier (RN16) of the corresponding terminal.

[0167] For example, if a network device determines that the resource location used to send a signal to terminal A is the third resource of the synchronization interval sequence signal, then after receiving the first terminal response sent by terminal A, the network device sends a Req_RN signal to terminal A at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal. The Req_RN signal includes the temporary access identifier (RN16) of terminal A.

[0168] In some embodiments, after sending a random number request signal to at least one terminal in step 307, the method further includes steps 308 and 309, which are not shown in FIG3:

[0169] In step 308, a second terminal response is received from at least one terminal, the second terminal response including a transmission identifier. The transmission identifier is denoted as "handle".

[0170] In step 309, at the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, an access command is sent to at least one terminal, the access command including a transmission identifier.

[0171] In this embodiment, since the resource location used by the network device to send the signal is bound to the resource sequence number of the synchronization interval sequence signal, after the network device receives the second terminal response sent by at least one terminal, it sends an access command to at least one terminal at the resource location used to send the signal to at least one terminal. The command includes the temporary access identifier (RN16) of the corresponding terminal.

[0172] For example, if a network device determines that the resource location used to send a signal to terminal A is the third resource of the synchronization interval sequence signal, then after receiving the second terminal response sent by terminal A, the network device sends a command to terminal A at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal. The command includes the transmission identifier (handle) of terminal A.

[0173] As can be seen from the above embodiments, in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the temporary access identifier (RN16) generated by the terminal is mapped to the resource number (i.e., one of the multiple access resource locations) of the synchronization interval sequence signal. The mapping method is to take the remainder of RN16 with respect to a preset number of resource locations N (e.g., N is 12 in Figure 4a or Figure 4b), and then add 1 to the remainder to obtain the nth resource location, where 1 ≤ n ≤ N. The terminal can use the nth resource location as one of the multiple access resource locations to send and receive data. Instead of using the traditional Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) to schedule resources, the temporary access identifier (RN16) generated by the terminal is used to map one of the multiple access resource locations onto the synchronization interval sequence signal. This achieves synchronous multiple access transmission in passive IoT, moving away from traditional asynchronous transmission and thus improving transmission efficiency.

[0174] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating another passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. This passive IoT multiple access method is applied to a terminal, such as a tag. As shown in Figure 5, the passive IoT multiple access method may include, but is not limited to, steps 501 to 503:

[0175] In step 501, a synchronization interval sequence signal sent by a network device is received. The synchronization interval sequence signal is a periodic sequence signal.

[0176] In step 502, a temporary access identifier is determined. The temporary access identifier is a pre-defined (e.g., 16-bit) sequence of bits generated by the terminal, denoted as RN16.

[0177] Temporary access identifiers include: a random number of preset length; and / or, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; and / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be transmitted.

[0178] For example, RN16 is a random number of a preset length (16 bits).

[0179] For example, RN16 is a 16-bit CRC bit sequence of the data to be sent.

[0180] For example, RN16 is a bit sequence consisting of the first 16 bits of the data to be sent.

[0181] In step 503, the location of the resources used for accessing the passive Internet of Things is determined based on the temporary access identifier and the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0182] In this embodiment, the terminal can determine the resource location used to access the passive Internet of Things based on the temporary access identifier (RN16) and the synchronization interval sequence signal. At the same time, the resource location is also used as the resource location used to send signals to the network device, so as to bind the resource location used by the terminal to send signals with the resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal. The resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal is, for example, any one of the numbers 1 to 12 in Figure 4a or Figure 4b.

[0183] As can be seen, in this embodiment, the terminal receives a synchronization interval sequence signal sent by the network device and determines a temporary access identifier, then maps the temporary access identifier to the resource sequence number (i.e., one of the multiple access resource locations) of the synchronization interval sequence signal. This allows different terminals to access the passive IoT using different resource locations, realizing a synchronization mechanism for multiple terminals. This extends the traditional multiple access scheme, which only allows one terminal to access at a time, to allowing multiple terminals to access simultaneously, improving access efficiency and supporting scenarios where the number of passive IoT terminals increases significantly.

[0184] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the disclosure, the terminal can use the resource location used to access the passive IoT as one of the multiple access resource locations, and send and receive data at this location. Instead of using the traditional Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) to schedule resources, it maps one of the multiple access resource locations onto the synchronization interval sequence signal based on the temporary access identifier generated by the terminal. This achieves synchronous multiple access transmission in the passive IoT, moving away from traditional asynchronous transmission and thus improving transmission efficiency.

[0185] In some embodiments, step 503, determining the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things based on the temporary access identifier and the synchronization interval sequence signal, includes:

[0186] The resource locations used for accessing the passive IoT are obtained by taking the remainder of the preset number of resource locations based on the temporary access identifier, and then adding 1 to the remainder.

[0187] In this embodiment, the terminal takes the remainder of the temporary access identifier (RN16) divided by the preset number of resource locations (e.g., N, where N is a value determined by the network device), and then adds 1 to the remainder to obtain the nth resource location, where 1 ≤ n ≤ N. Since different terminals send different RN16 values, the resource location n used to send signals to different terminals is different.

[0188] For example, after terminal A determines the temporary access identifier (RN16), terminal A takes the remainder of the temporary access identifier (RN16) with respect to the preset number of resource locations (e.g., N, where N is a value determined by the network device), adds 1 to the remainder, and obtains the third resource location. Then, the terminal accesses the passive Internet of Things at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal and sends a signal to the network device.

[0189] In some embodiments, after determining the temporary access identifier in step 502, the method further includes step 504, which is not shown in FIG5:

[0190] In step 504, a temporary access identifier is sent to the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive IoT.

[0191] In this embodiment, since the resource location used by the terminal to send the signal is bound to the resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal, after the terminal determines the resource location used to access the passive IoT, it sends a temporary access identifier (RN16) to the network device at the resource location used to access the passive IoT.

[0192] For example, if the terminal determines that the resource location used to send a signal to the network device is the third resource of the synchronization interval sequence signal, then the terminal sends a temporary access identifier (RN16) to the network device at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0193] In some embodiments, step 504, sending the temporary access identifier to the network device, includes: generating a random number based on a specified value; counting a time slot counter based on the random number; and sending the temporary access identifier to the network device when the time slot counter counts to zero. The specified value is a Q value, which is carried in the Query signal.

[0194] For example, the Q value included in the synchronization interval sequence signal is 22 bits. The terminal generates a random number in the range [0, 2^Q-1] and places it in its own time slot counter. When the time slot counter value is zero, the temporary access identifier (RN16) is sent to the network device.

[0195] In some embodiments, after sending the temporary access identifier to the network device in step 504, the method further includes step 505, which is not shown in FIG5:

[0196] In step 505, at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, an ACK signal sent by a network device is received, the ACK signal including at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to a terminal.

[0197] In this embodiment, the terminal detects whether the ACK signal sent by the network device includes its own temporary access identifier (RN16) at the resource location used for accessing the passive IoT. The increased power consumption of the terminal is small. Although it may increase the probability of collision, the network device can send multiple ACK signals simultaneously for multiple terminals. Compared with the current network device that only feeds back one ACK signal each time, it can improve the transmission efficiency.

[0198] It should be noted that if a terminal collides with a resource location used for accessing the passive IoT, the network device will send an ACK signal to the terminal again, and the terminal will still collide. Therefore, the network device will update the preset number of resource locations, that is, update the N value.

[0199] In some embodiments, after receiving the ACK signal sent by the network device in step 505, the method further includes step 506, which is not shown in FIG5:

[0200] In step 506, at the resource location used for accessing the passive IoT, a first terminal response is sent to the network device. The first terminal response includes terminal identification information, such as an Electronic Product Code (EPC).

[0201] In this embodiment, after receiving the ACK signal sent by the network device, the terminal checks whether the ACK signal includes its own temporary access identifier. If so, the terminal sends a first terminal response to the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things.

[0202] In this embodiment, since the resource location used by the terminal to send the signal is bound to the resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal, that is, the signal is sent at the resource location used to access the passive Internet of Things, after the terminal receives the ACK signal sent by the network device, if the terminal detects the temporary access identifier (RN16) of the terminal in the ACK signal, the terminal sends a first terminal response to the network device at the resource location used to access the passive Internet of Things. The first terminal response includes terminal identification information (EPC).

[0203] For example, if a terminal determines that the resource location used to send a signal to a network device is the third resource of the synchronization interval sequence signal, then the terminal sends a first terminal response to the network device at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal. The first terminal response includes terminal identification information (EPC).

[0204] In some embodiments, the first terminal response may also include the terminal's sensing data.

[0205] The uplink backscattered signals from different terminals are transmitted via multiple access.

[0206] If the synchronization interval sequence signal uses a special line code different from the downlink data transmission line code, for example, the special line code is a variation of the Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE) line code of length N full 1-bit sequence, as shown in Figure 4a or Figure 4b, and the synchronization interval sequence signal uses PIE codes of different lengths (i.e., signals with multiple waveforms), then the multiple waveforms of the synchronization interval sequence signal can indicate different time-domain resources. 12 waveforms correspond to 12 time-domain resources, which can support time division multiple access (TDMA) for up to 12 terminals. The temporary access identifier (RN16) of the terminal determines the time-domain resource location of the terminal.

[0207] If the synchronization interval sequence signal uses a specific bit sequence and employs an On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation waveform encoded with the same waveform as the downlink data transmission line code, then Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) between terminals can be achieved based on the synchronization interval sequence signal. The terminal's temporary access identifier (RN16) determines the terminal's frequency domain resource location. For example, terminal B takes the remainder of its RN16 divided by N (a value configured by the base station, which also configures the locations of N frequency domain resources), adds 1 to the remainder, and obtains the nth frequency domain resource location, where 1 ≤ n ≤ N. Terminal B then transmits EPC and sensor data at the nth frequency domain resource location.

[0208] If different terminals use Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), all terminals transmit simultaneously at the same time-frequency domain resource location.

[0209] In some embodiments, after sending the first terminal response to the network device in step 506, the method further includes step 507, which is not shown in FIG5:

[0210] In step 507, at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a random number request signal sent by a network device is received, the random number request signal including at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to a terminal.

[0211] In this embodiment, the terminal detects whether its own temporary access identifier (RN16) is included in the random number request (Req_RN) signal sent by the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, resulting in a small increase in power consumption for the terminal.

[0212] In some embodiments, after receiving the random number request signal sent by the network device in step 507, the method further includes step 508, which is not shown in FIG5:

[0213] In step 508, at the resource location used for accessing the passive IoT, a second terminal response is sent to the network device. The second terminal response includes a transmission identifier, denoted as handle.

[0214] In this embodiment, after receiving the random number request signal sent by the network device, the terminal checks whether the random number request signal includes its own temporary access identifier. If so, the terminal sends a second terminal response to the network device.

[0215] In this embodiment, since the resource location used by the terminal to send the signal is bound to the resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal, that is, the signal is sent at the resource location used to access the passive IoT, after the terminal receives the random number request (Req_RN) signal sent by the network device, if the terminal detects the temporary access identifier (RN16) of the terminal in the Req_RN signal, the terminal sends a second terminal response to the network device at the resource location used to access the passive IoT. The second terminal response includes a transmission identifier (handle).

[0216] For example, if a terminal determines that the resource location used to send a signal to the network device is the third resource of the synchronization interval sequence signal, then after the terminal detects its temporary access identifier (RN16) in the Req_RN signal, the terminal sends a second terminal response to the network device at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal. The second terminal response includes a transmission handle.

[0217] In some embodiments, after sending the second terminal response to the network device in step 508, the method further includes step 509, which is not shown in FIG5:

[0218] In step 509, at the resource location used for accessing the passive IoT, an access command sent by a network device is received, the access command including a transmission identifier.

[0219] In this embodiment, the terminal detects whether the access command sent by the network device includes its own transmission handle at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, resulting in a small increase in the terminal's power consumption.

[0220] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a passive Internet of Things (IoT) communication process provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. In Figure 6, the communication process of the passive IoT includes the following steps 1 to 7:

[0221] 1. The network device (which can be a reader) sends a query signal and a synchronization interval sequence signal to the terminal (which can be a tag). The query signal includes a specified value (Q value), which is 22 bits in size, and initiates a disk storage cycle.

[0222] 2. The terminal generates a given length (e.g., 16 bits) of bit sequence (RN16) as a temporary access identifier. RN16 can be a 16-bit random number, a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit sequence of the data to be transmitted, or the first 16 bits of the data to be transmitted. The terminal generates a random number within the range [0, 2^Q-1] and stores it in its own time slot counter; when the time slot counter value is zero, the terminal sends the temporary access identifier (RN16) to the network device.

[0223] 3. The network device sends an acknowledgment (ACK) signal back to the terminal. The ACK signal carries the temporary access identifier (RN16) of multiple terminals.

[0224] The resource location used by the network device to send signals is bound to the resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal. For example, for any terminal, the network device takes the remainder of the terminal's RN16 with respect to a preset number of resource locations (e.g., N, where N is a value determined by the network device), adds 1 to the remainder, and obtains the nth resource location, where 1≤n≤N. Then, the resource used by the network device to send signals to the terminal is bound to the nth resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal, and the network device will send an ACK signal to the terminal at the nth resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0225] Based on its own temporary access identifier (RN16) and synchronization interval sequence signal, the terminal can determine the resource location used to access the passive Internet of Things. At the same time, the resource location is also used to send signals to network devices, realizing the binding of the resource location used by the terminal to send signals with the resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0226] The terminal takes the remainder of its temporary access identifier (RN16) divided by the preset number of resource locations (e.g., N, where N is a value determined by the network device), and then adds 1 to the remainder to obtain the nth resource location, where 1 ≤ n ≤ N. Since different terminals send different RN16 values, the resource location n used to send signals to different terminals is different. The terminal checks whether its own RN16 is included in the ACK signal at the nth resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal. This results in a small increase in power consumption for the terminal. Although it may increase the probability of collisions, the network device can simultaneously send multiple ACK signals for multiple terminals, which improves transmission efficiency compared to current network devices that only return one ACK signal at a time.

[0227] It should be noted that if a terminal collides with a resource location used for accessing the passive IoT, the network device will send an ACK signal to the terminal again, and the terminal will still collide. Therefore, the network device will update the preset number of resource locations, that is, update the N value.

[0228] 4. The terminal detects its own RN16 in the ACK signal and sends the Electronic Product Code (EPC) and sensor data to the network device.

[0229] The uplink backscattered signals from different terminals are transmitted via multiple access.

[0230] If the synchronization interval sequence signal uses a special line code different from the downlink data transmission line code, for example, the special line code is a pulse interval code (PIE) variant line code of length N full 1 bit sequence, as shown in Figure 4a or Figure 4b, and the synchronization interval sequence signal uses PIE codes of different lengths (i.e. signals with multiple waveforms), then the synchronization interval sequence signal can indicate different time domain resources. 12 waveforms correspond to 12 time domain resources, which can support time division multiple access (TDMA) for up to 12 terminals. The temporary access identifier (RN16) of the terminal determines the time domain resource location of the terminal.

[0231] If the synchronization interval sequence signal uses a specific bit sequence and an on / off keying (OOK) modulation waveform encoded with the same waveform as the downlink data transmission line code, then frequency division multiple access (FDMA) between terminals can be implemented based on the synchronization interval sequence signal. The terminal's temporary access identifier (RN16) determines the terminal's frequency domain resource location. For example, terminal B takes the remainder of its RN16 divided by N (a value configured by the base station, which also configures the locations of N frequency domain resources), adds 1 to the remainder, and obtains the nth frequency domain resource location, where 1 ≤ n ≤ N. Terminal B transmits EPC and sensor data at the nth frequency domain resource location.

[0232] If different terminals use non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), all terminals transmit simultaneously at the same time-frequency domain resource location.

[0233] 5. The network device sends a random number request (Req_RN) signal to the terminal. The Req_RN signal carries the terminal's temporary access identifier (RN16).

[0234] In this embodiment, since the resource location used by the network device to send the signal is bound to the resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal, after the network device receives the electronic product code (EPC) sent by the terminal, it sends a random number request (Req_RN) signal to the terminal at the resource location used to send the signal. The Req_RN signal includes the temporary access identifier (RN16) of the corresponding terminal.

[0235] For example, if a network device determines that the resource location used to send a signal to terminal A is the third resource of the synchronization interval sequence signal, then after receiving the Electronic Product Code (EPC) sent by terminal A, the network device sends a Req_RN signal to terminal A at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal. The Req_RN signal includes the temporary access identifier (RN16) of terminal A.

[0236] In this embodiment, the terminal detects whether its own temporary access identifier (RN16) is included in the random number request (Req_RN) signal sent by the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, resulting in a small increase in power consumption for the terminal.

[0237] 6. The terminal detects its own temporary access identifier (RN16) in the Req_RN signal and sends a transport identifier (handle) to the network device.

[0238] In this embodiment, since the resource location used by the terminal to send the signal is bound to the resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal, that is, the signal is sent at the resource location used to access the passive IoT, after the terminal receives the random number request (Req_RN) signal sent by the network device, if the terminal detects the temporary access identifier (RN16) of the terminal in the Req_RN signal, the terminal sends the transmission identifier (handle) to the network device at the resource location used to access the passive IoT.

[0239] For example, if a terminal determines that the resource location used to send a signal to the network device is the third resource of the synchronization interval sequence signal, then after the terminal detects its temporary access identifier (RN16) in the Req_RN signal, the terminal sends a transport identifier (handle) to the network device at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0240] 7. The network device sends an access command to the terminal, and the command carries a transport identifier.

[0241] In this embodiment, since the resource location used by the network device to send the signal is bound to the resource number of the synchronization interval sequence signal, after the network device receives the transmission identifier (handle) sent by the terminal, it sends an access command (command) to the terminal at the resource location used to send the signal. The command includes the temporary access identifier (RN16) of the corresponding terminal.

[0242] For example, if a network device determines that the resource location used to send a signal to terminal A is the third resource of the synchronization interval sequence signal, then after receiving the transmission identifier (handle) sent by terminal A, the network device sends a command to terminal A at the third resource location of the synchronization interval sequence signal. The command includes the transmission identifier (handle) of terminal A.

[0243] When accessing resources in a passive IoT network, the terminal detects whether the access command sent by the network device includes its own transport handle, resulting in minimal power consumption. If the command includes its own handle, the terminal executes the access command.

[0244] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of this disclosure, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments.

[0245] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. The passive IoT multiple access device is applied to network devices. As shown in Figure 7, the passive IoT multiple access device includes, but is not limited to, a generation unit 71 and a transmission unit 72.

[0246] The generation unit 71 is used to generate a synchronization interval sequence signal, which is a periodic sequence signal;

[0247] The transmitting unit 72 is used to send a synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal. The synchronization interval sequence signal is used by at least one terminal to determine the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things. Different resource locations are used by at least one terminal for multiple access to the passive Internet of Things.

[0248] In some embodiments, the generating unit 71 is used to: encode a bit sequence of preset length and / or a downlink data transmission line code to obtain a synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0249] In some embodiments, the passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access device further includes a receiving unit and a determining unit;

[0250] The receiving unit is used to receive a temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal after the sending unit 72 sends a synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal. The temporary access identifier is generated by the terminal.

[0251] The determining unit is used to determine the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal based on the temporary access identifier and synchronization interval sequence signal sent by at least one terminal.

[0252] In some embodiments, the temporary access identifier includes: a random number of preset length; and / or, a cyclic redundancy check bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; and / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be transmitted.

[0253] In some embodiments, the determining unit is configured to: take the remainder of the number of preset resource locations based on the temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal, and then add 1 to the remainder to obtain the resource location used to send the signal to at least one terminal.

[0254] In some embodiments, the sending unit 72 is further configured to: after the determining unit determines the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, send an ACK signal to at least one terminal at the resource location used to send the signal to at least one terminal, wherein the ACK signal includes a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0255] In some embodiments, the receiving unit is further configured to: after the sending unit 72 sends an ACK signal to at least one terminal, receive a first terminal response sent by at least one terminal, wherein the first terminal response includes terminal identification information;

[0256] The sending unit 72 is further configured to: send a random number request signal to at least one terminal at a resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, the random number request signal including a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0257] In some embodiments, the receiving unit is further configured to: after the sending unit 72 sends a random number request signal to at least one terminal, receive a second terminal response sent by at least one terminal, wherein the second terminal response includes a transmission identifier;

[0258] The sending unit 72 is further configured to send an access command to at least one terminal at a resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, the access command including a transmission identifier.

[0259] For details of the various embodiments of the passive IoT multiple access device shown in Figure 7, please refer to the various embodiments of the passive IoT multiple access method shown in Figure 3. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again.

[0260] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. This passive IoT multiple access device is applied to a terminal. As shown in Figure 8, the passive IoT multiple access device includes, but is not limited to, a receiving unit 81, a first determining unit 82, and a second determining unit 83.

[0261] The receiving unit 81 is used to receive the synchronization interval sequence signal sent by the network device. The synchronization interval sequence signal is a periodic sequence signal.

[0262] The first determining unit 82 is used to determine the temporary access identifier;

[0263] The second determining unit 83 is used to determine the location of the resources used for accessing the passive Internet of Things based on the temporary access identifier and the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0264] In some embodiments, the temporary access identifier includes: a random number of preset length; and / or, a cyclic redundancy check bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; and / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be transmitted.

[0265] In some embodiments, the second determining unit 83 is configured to: take the remainder of the preset number of resource locations based on the temporary access identifier, and then add 1 to the remainder to obtain the resource locations used for accessing the passive Internet of Things.

[0266] In some embodiments, the passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access device further includes a transmitting unit for:

[0267] After the first determining unit 82 determines the temporary access identifier, it sends the temporary access identifier to the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things.

[0268] In some embodiments, the sending unit is used for:

[0269] Generate random numbers based on specified values;

[0270] Time slot counter counting is performed based on random numbers;

[0271] When the time slot counter reaches zero, a temporary access identifier is sent to the network device.

[0272] In some embodiments, the receiving unit 81 is further configured to: after the sending unit sends the temporary access identifier to the network device, receive an ACK signal sent by the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, wherein the ACK signal includes at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to the terminal.

[0273] In some embodiments, the sending unit is further configured to: after the receiving unit 81 receives the ACK signal sent by the network device, send a first terminal response to the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, the first terminal response including terminal identification information.

[0274] In some embodiments, the receiving unit 81 is further configured to: after the sending unit sends a first terminal response to the network device, receive a random number request signal sent by the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, wherein the random number request signal includes at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to the terminal.

[0275] In some embodiments, the sending unit is further configured to: after the receiving unit 81 receives the random number request signal sent by the network device, send a second terminal response to the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, the second terminal response including a transmission identifier.

[0276] In some embodiments, the receiving unit 81 is further configured to: after the sending unit sends a second terminal response to the network device, receive an access command sent by the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, wherein the access command includes a transmission identifier.

[0277] For details of the various embodiments of the passive IoT multiple access device shown in Figure 8, please refer to the various embodiments of the passive IoT multiple access method shown in Figure 5. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again.

[0278] This disclosure also provides a processor-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor to execute the steps of various embodiments of the passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method. The processor-readable storage medium can be any available medium or data storage device accessible to the processor, including but not limited to magnetic storage (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, magneto-optical disks (MO), etc.), optical storage (e.g., CDs, DVDs, BDs, HVDs, etc.), and semiconductor storage (e.g., ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, non-volatile memory (NAND flash), solid-state drives (SSDs)).

[0279] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a network device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 9, the network device provided in this embodiment includes a memory 91, a transceiver 92, and a processor 93.

[0280] Memory 91 is used to store computer programs; transceiver 92 is used to send and receive data under the control of processor 93; processor 93 is used to read the computer program from memory 91 and execute it.

[0281] Generate a synchronization interval sequence signal, which is a periodic sequence signal; send the synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal, which is used by at least one terminal to determine the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, and different resource locations are used for at least one terminal to access the passive Internet of Things through multiple access.

[0282] In some embodiments, generating a synchronization interval sequence signal includes: encoding a bit sequence of a preset length and / or a downlink data transmission line code to obtain a synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0283] In some embodiments, after sending a synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal, the processor 93 is further configured to: receive a temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal, the temporary access identifier being generated by the terminal; and determine the resource location used to send the signal to at least one terminal based on the temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal and the synchronization interval sequence signal.

[0284] In some embodiments, the temporary access identifier includes: a random number of preset length; and / or, a cyclic redundancy check bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; and / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be transmitted.

[0285] In some embodiments, determining the resource location used to send signals to at least one terminal based on a temporary access identifier and a synchronization interval sequence signal sent by at least one terminal includes:

[0286] The resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal is obtained by taking the remainder of the number of preset resource locations based on the temporary access identifier sent by at least one terminal, and then adding 1 to the remainder.

[0287] In some embodiments, after determining the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, the processor 93 is further configured to: send an ACK signal to at least one terminal at the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, wherein the ACK signal includes a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0288] In some embodiments, after sending an ACK signal to at least one terminal, the processor 93 is further configured to:

[0289] Receive a first terminal response sent by at least one terminal, wherein the first terminal response includes terminal identification information;

[0290] At the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, a random number request signal is sent to at least one terminal, the random number request signal including a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

[0291] In some embodiments, after sending a random number request signal to at least one terminal, the processor 93 is further configured to:

[0292] Receive a second terminal response sent by at least one terminal, wherein the second terminal response includes a transmission identifier;

[0293] At the resource location used to send a signal to at least one terminal, an access command is sent to at least one terminal, the access command including a transmission identifier.

[0294] In Figure 9, transceiver 92 is used to receive and transmit data under the control of processor 93. The bus architecture can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking various circuits of one or more processors represented by processor 93 and memory represented by memory 91. The bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further herein. The bus interface provides an interface. Transceiver 92 can be multiple elements, including transmitters and receivers, providing units for communicating with various other devices over transmission media, including wireless channels, wired channels, optical fibers, etc. Processor 93 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and memory 91 can store data used by processor 93 during operation.

[0295] In Figure 9, processor 93 can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method can be completed through integrated logic circuits in the hardware of processor 93 or through software instructions. Processor 93 can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0296] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a terminal provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 10, the terminal provided in this embodiment of the disclosure includes a memory 1001, a transceiver 1002, and a processor 1003.

[0297] Memory 1001 is used to store computer programs; transceiver 1002 is used to send and receive data under the control of processor 1003; processor 1003 is used to read the computer program in memory 1001 and execute it.

[0298] Receive synchronization interval sequence signals sent by network devices. The synchronization interval sequence signals are periodic sequence signals. Determine the temporary access identifier. Based on the temporary access identifier and the synchronization interval sequence signals, determine the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things.

[0299] In some embodiments, the temporary access identifier includes: a random number of preset length; and / or, a cyclic redundancy check bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; and / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be transmitted.

[0300] In some embodiments, determining the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things (IoT) based on the temporary access identifier and the synchronization interval sequence signal includes: taking the remainder of the preset number of resource locations based on the temporary access identifier, and then adding 1 to the remainder to obtain the resource location used for accessing the passive IoT.

[0301] In some embodiments, after determining the temporary access identifier, the processor 1003 is further configured to: send the temporary access identifier to the network device at the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things.

[0302] In some embodiments, sending a temporary access identifier to a network device includes:

[0303] Generate random numbers based on specified values;

[0304] Time slot counter counting is performed based on random numbers;

[0305] When the time slot counter reaches zero, a temporary access identifier is sent to the network device.

[0306] In some embodiments, after sending the temporary access identifier to the network device, the processor 1003 is further configured to:

[0307] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, receive the ACK signal sent by the network device. The ACK signal includes at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to the terminal.

[0308] In some embodiments, after receiving the ACK signal sent by the network device, the processor 1003 is further configured to:

[0309] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a first terminal response is sent to the network device, which includes terminal identification information.

[0310] In some embodiments, after sending the first terminal response to the network device, the processor 1003 is further configured to:

[0311] At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a random number request signal sent by a network device is received. The random number request signal includes at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to a terminal.

[0312] In some embodiments, after receiving a random number request signal sent by a network device, the processor 1003 is further configured to: send a second terminal response to the network device at a resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, the second terminal response including a transmission identifier.

[0313] In some embodiments, after sending a second terminal response to the network device, the processor 1003 is further configured to: receive an access command sent by the network device at a resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, wherein the access command includes a transmission identifier.

[0314] In Figure 10, transceiver 1002 is used to receive and transmit data under the control of processor 1003. The bus architecture can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking various circuits of one or more processors represented by processor 1003 and memory represented by memory 1001. The bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further herein. A bus interface provides an interface. Transceiver 1002 can be multiple elements, including transmitters and receivers, providing units for communicating with various other devices over transmission media, including wireless channels, wired channels, optical fibers, etc. Processor 1003 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and memory 1001 can store data used by processor 1003 during operation.

[0315] In Figure 10, processor 1003 can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method can be completed through integrated logic circuits in the hardware of processor 1003 or through software instructions. Processor 1003 can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0316] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0317] Those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of this disclosure and form different embodiments.

[0318] Those skilled in the art will understand that the descriptions of the various embodiments have different focuses, and for parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0319] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method, applied to network devices, the method comprising: Generate a synchronization interval sequence signal, wherein the synchronization interval sequence signal is a periodic sequence signal; A synchronization interval sequence signal is sent to at least one terminal. The synchronization interval sequence signal is used by the at least one terminal to determine the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things. Different resource locations are used by the at least one terminal for multiple access to the passive Internet of Things.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The generation of the synchronization interval sequence signal includes: Encode a bit sequence of preset length and / or downlink data transmission line code to obtain a synchronization interval sequence signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, After sending a synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal, the method further includes: Receive a temporary access identifier sent by the at least one terminal, the temporary access identifier being generated by the terminal; Based on the temporary access identifier sent by the at least one terminal and the synchronization interval sequence signal, the resource location used to send the signal to the at least one terminal is determined.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The temporary access identifier includes: A random number of preset length; And / or, the cyclic redundancy check bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; And / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be sent.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The step of determining the resource location used to send signals to the at least one terminal based on the temporary access identifier sent by the at least one terminal and the synchronization interval sequence signal includes: The resource location used to send the signal to the at least one terminal is obtained by taking the remainder of the preset number of resource locations based on the temporary access identifier sent by the at least one terminal, and then adding 1 to the remainder. The preset number of resource locations is the number of resource allocations corresponding to the synchronization interval sequence signal.

6. The method according to claim 3, wherein, After determining the resource location used to send a signal to the at least one terminal, the method further includes: At the resource location used to send the signal to the at least one terminal, an ACK signal is sent to the at least one terminal, the ACK signal including a temporary access identifier corresponding to the at least one terminal.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, After sending an ACK signal to the at least one terminal, the method further includes: Receive a first terminal response sent by the at least one terminal, wherein the first terminal response includes terminal identification information; At the resource location used to send the signal to the at least one terminal, a random number request signal is sent to the at least one terminal, the random number request signal including a temporary access identifier corresponding to at least one terminal.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, After sending a random number request signal to the at least one terminal, the method further includes: Receive a second terminal response sent by the at least one terminal, wherein the second terminal response includes a transmission identifier; At the resource location used to send the signal to the at least one terminal, an access command is sent to the at least one terminal, the access command including the transmission identifier.

9. A passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method, applied to a terminal, the method comprising: Receive a synchronization interval sequence signal sent by a network device, wherein the synchronization interval sequence signal is a periodic sequence signal; Based on the synchronization interval sequence signal, the location of the resources used to access the passive Internet of Things is determined.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The method further includes: Determine the temporary access identifier; The step of determining the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things based on the synchronization interval sequence signal includes: Based on the temporary access identifier and the synchronization interval sequence signal, the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things is determined.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The temporary access identifier includes: A random number of preset length; And / or, the cyclic redundancy check bit sequence of the data to be transmitted; And / or, a portion of the bit sequence in the data to be sent.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The step of determining the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things based on the temporary access identifier and the synchronization interval sequence signal includes: The resource location used for accessing the passive IoT is obtained by taking the remainder of the temporary access identifier with respect to the preset number of resource locations, and then adding 1 to the remainder. The preset number of resource locations is the number of resource allocations corresponding to the synchronization interval sequence signal.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein, After determining the temporary access identifier, the method further includes: At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, the temporary access identifier is sent to the network device.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, Sending the temporary access identifier to the network device includes: Generate random numbers based on specified values; The time slot counter is used to count based on the random number; When the time slot counter reaches zero, the temporary access identifier is sent to the network device.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein, After sending the temporary access identifier to the network device, the method further includes: At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, an ACK signal sent by the network device is received, the ACK signal including at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to the terminal.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, After receiving the ACK signal sent by the network device, the method further includes: At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a first terminal response is sent to the network device, the first terminal response including terminal identification information.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, After sending the first terminal response to the network device, the method further includes: At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a random number request signal sent by the network device is received, the random number request signal including at least one temporary access identifier corresponding to a terminal.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, After receiving the random number request signal sent by the network device, the method further includes: At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, a second terminal response is sent to the network device, the second terminal response including a transmission identifier.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, After sending the second terminal response to the network device, the method further includes: At the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things, an access command sent by the network device is received, the access command including the transmission identifier.

20. A passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access device, applied to network equipment, the device comprising: A generation unit is used to generate a synchronization interval sequence signal, wherein the synchronization interval sequence signal is a periodic sequence signal; A transmitting unit is configured to transmit a synchronization interval sequence signal to at least one terminal. The synchronization interval sequence signal is used by the at least one terminal to determine the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things (IoT). Different resource locations are used by the at least one terminal for multiple access to the passive IoT.

21. A passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access device, applied to a terminal, the device comprising: A receiving unit is used to receive a synchronization interval sequence signal sent by a network device, wherein the synchronization interval sequence signal is a periodic sequence signal; The determining unit is used to determine the location of the resources used for accessing the passive Internet of Things based on the synchronization interval sequence signal.

22. A network device, wherein, The network device includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor; The memory is used to store computer programs; the transceiver is used to send and receive data under the control of the processor; the processor is used to read the computer programs in the memory and execute them. Generate a synchronization interval sequence signal, wherein the synchronization interval sequence signal is a periodic sequence signal; A synchronization interval sequence signal is sent to at least one terminal. The synchronization interval sequence signal is used by the at least one terminal to determine the resource location used for accessing the passive Internet of Things. Different resource locations are used by the at least one terminal for multiple access to the passive Internet of Things.

23. A terminal, wherein, The terminal includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor; The memory is used to store computer programs; the transceiver is used to send and receive data under the control of the processor; the processor is used to read the computer programs in the memory and execute them. Receive a synchronization interval sequence signal sent by a network device, wherein the synchronization interval sequence signal is a periodic sequence signal; Based on the synchronization interval sequence signal, the location of the resources used to access the passive Internet of Things is determined.

24. A processor-readable storage medium, wherein, The processor-readable storage medium stores a program for causing the processor to execute the passive Internet of Things (IoT) multiple access method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 or the passive IoT multiple access method as described in any one of claims 9 to 19.

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