Method for performing communication by device in wireless communication system, and device therefor

Abstract

A device according to various embodiments may: transmit channel state information (CSI) to a base station on the basis of a first layer of a UE; transmit sensor information collected for the UE to the base station, on the basis of a second layer of the UE; and on the basis that the sensor information is related to the CSI, transmit, to the base station, the sensor information together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with CSI measurement information.

Description

Method for performing communication by a device in a wireless communication system and device therefor

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for transmitting CSI information and sensor information by a terminal in a wireless communication system and a device therefor.

[0002] Wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA).

[0003] Sidelink (SL) refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE), allowing voice or data to be exchanged directly between terminals without going through a base station (BS). SL is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0004] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0005] Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next-generation wireless access technologies that consider improved mobile broadband communication, massive machine type communication (MTC), and ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) can be called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0006] Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0007] In relation to V2X communication, in RATs prior to NR, methods for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM), and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) were mainly discussed. V2X messages may include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal may transmit a CAM of a periodic message type and / or a DENM of an event triggered message type to another terminal.

[0008] For example, a CAM may include basic vehicle information such as dynamic vehicle status information, such as direction and speed, static vehicle data, such as dimensions, external lighting conditions, and route history. For example, a terminal may broadcast a CAM, and the latency of the CAM may be less than 100 ms. For example, in the event of an emergency, such as a vehicle breakdown or accident, a terminal may generate a DENM and transmit it to other terminals. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the terminal may receive the CAM and / or DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higher priority than the CAM.

[0009] Since then, various V2X scenarios have been proposed in NR in relation to V2X communications. For example, various V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving.

[0010] For example, based on vehicle platooning, vehicles can dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platoon operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles in the group can receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles in the group can use this periodic data to narrow or widen the gap between vehicles.

[0011] For example, based on improved driving, vehicles can become semi-autonomous or fully automated. For example, each vehicle can adjust its trajectories or maneuvers based on data acquired from local sensors of nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. Furthermore, for example, each vehicle can share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

[0012] For example, based on extended sensors, raw data, processed data, or live video data acquired through local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical entities, pedestrian terminals, and / or V2X application servers. Thus, for example, a vehicle can perceive its environment better than it can perceive using its own sensors.

[0013] For example, based on remote driving, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control the remote vehicle for people who cannot drive or for remote vehicles located in hazardous environments. For example, in cases where the route is predictable, such as public transportation, cloud computing-based driving can be utilized to operate or control the remote vehicle. Additionally, access to a cloud-based back-end service platform, for example, can be considered for remote driving.

[0014] Meanwhile, a method to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios, such as vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, expanded sensors, and remote driving, is being discussed in NR-based V2X communication.

[0015] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for performing measurement reporting more accurately and efficiently.

[0016] The technical challenges are not limited to the technical challenges mentioned above, and other technical challenges not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

[0017] A method by a UE (User Equipment) according to one aspect includes the steps of transmitting channel state information (CSI) information to a base station based on a first layer of the UE; and the steps of transmitting sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on a second layer of the UE, wherein based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information, the sensor information can be transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information.

[0018] Alternatively, the synchronization information may include a time stamp determined based on at least one of a subframe index, a slot index, and a symbol index associated with the first layer.

[0019] Alternatively, the synchronization information may be a sequence number associated with the transmission of the CSI information or the sensor information.

[0020] Alternatively, based on the sequence number being set for transmission of the CSI information or the sensor information, each of the CSI information and the sensor information may be transmitted to the base station together with the sequence number.

[0021] Alternatively, based on the CSI information being transmitted to the base station along with the sequence number set for transmission of the CSI information, the first layer of the UE may provide the sequence number to the second layer of the UE to trigger transmission of the sensor information based on the second layer.

[0022] Alternatively, based on the sensor information being transmitted to the base station along with the sequence number set for transmission of the sensor information, the second layer of the UE may transmit information about the sequence number to the first layer of the UE to trigger transmission of the CSI information based on the first layer of the UE.

[0023] Alternatively, transmission of the sensor information may be triggered based on reception of downlink control information (DCI) that triggers reporting of the CSI information.

[0024] Alternatively, the method may further include a step of receiving beam information set based on the sensor information and the CSI information from the base station.

[0025] Alternatively, the first layer may be an AS (Access Stratum) layer and the second layer may be an application layer.

[0026] According to another aspect, at least one non-transitory computer-readable recording medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, perform operations, including transmitting channel state information (CSI) information to a base station based on a first layer of the UE (User Equipment); and transmitting sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on a second layer of the UE, wherein the sensor information may be transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information.

[0027] According to another aspect, a UE (User Equipment) includes an RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; and a processor connected to the RF transceiver, wherein the processor controls the RF transceiver to transmit channel state information (CSI) information to a base station based on a first layer of the UE, and transmits sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on a second layer of the UE, and based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information, the sensor information can be transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information.

[0028] According to another aspect, a processing device for controlling a UE (User Equipment) includes at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, the operations including transmitting channel state information (CSI) information to a base station based on a first layer of the UE (User Equipment); and transmitting sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on a second layer of the UE, wherein the sensor information may be transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information.

[0029] A method by a base station according to another aspect includes the steps of receiving channel state information (CSI) information from a user equipment (UE) based on a first layer of the base station; and the step of receiving sensor information of the UE based on a second layer of the base station, wherein based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information, the sensor information can be received together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information.

[0030] According to another aspect, a base station includes an RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; and a processor connected to the RF transceiver, wherein the processor controls the RF transceiver to receive channel state information (CSI) information from a UE (User Equipment) based on a first layer of the base station, and to receive sensor information of the UE based on a second layer of the base station, and based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information, the sensor information can be received together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, measurement reporting can be performed more accurately and efficiently in a wireless communication system. In one example, by additionally providing synchronization information between sensor information and CSI information transmitted from different layers, the sensor information and CSI information can be effectively aligned / correlated in the time domain.

[0032] The effects that can be obtained in various embodiments are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

[0033] The drawings attached to this specification are intended to provide an understanding of the present invention, illustrate various embodiments of the present invention, and together with the description of the specification serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0035] Figure 2 shows the structure of the LTE system.

[0036] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0037] Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

[0038] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0039] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 8 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication.

[0042] Figure 9 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0043] Figure 10 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

[0044] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 illustrate an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 15 illustrates time / frequency resources for sensing operations according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0048] Figure 16 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0049] Figures 17 to 22 are drawings for explaining a method of acquiring / utilizing sensor information in the AS layer.

[0050] FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a method in which a UE transmits sensor information and CSI information to a base station.

[0051] Figure 24 is a diagram for explaining a method for a base station to receive sensor information and CSI information from a UE.

[0052] Figure 25 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 26 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0054] Figure 27 illustrates another example of a wireless device applicable to the present invention. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service.

[0055] Figure 28 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied.

[0056] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA).

[0057] Sidelink refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE), allowing voice or data to be exchanged directly between terminals without going through a base station (BS). Sidelink is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0058] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0059] Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next-generation wireless access technologies that consider improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) can be called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication.

[0060] The following technologies can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, providing backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA (evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access), employing OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink.LTE-A (advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0061] 5G NR, the successor to LTE-A, is a new clean-slate mobile communications system featuring high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0062] For clarity, the description will focus on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical ideas of the embodiment(s) are not limited thereto.

[0063] Figure 2 illustrates the architecture of an applicable LTE system. This may be referred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-A system.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station (20; BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to by other terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10), and may be referred to by other terms such as an evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

[0065] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other via the X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to an EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) via the S1 interface, more specifically, to an MME (Mobility Management Entity) via the S1-MME, and to an S-GW (Serving Gateway) via the S1-U.

[0066] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information about terminal access and capabilities, and this information is primarily used for terminal mobility management. The S-GW is a gateway with the E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with the PDN as its endpoint.

[0067] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to Layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in Layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0068] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 3, the NG-RAN may include a gNB and / or an eNB that provides user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE. FIG. 7 illustrates a case where only a gNB is included. The gNB and eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNB and eNB are connected to the 5th generation core network (5G Core Network: 5GC) via the NG interface. More specifically, the gNB is connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via the NG-C interface, and the gNB is connected to the user plane function (UPF) via the NG-U interface.

[0070] Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 4, radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (Half-Frames, HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms sub-frames (Subframes, SF). A sub-frame can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a sub-frame can be determined by the Subcarrier Spacing (SCS). Each slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0072] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0073] Table 1 below shows the number of symbols per slot ((N)) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame ((N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe ((N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0074] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0075] Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS when extended CP is used.

[0076] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0077] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

[0078] In NR, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS can support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS can support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. A 60 kHz or higher SCS can support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0079] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges can be FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges can be as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0080] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0081] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, such as for vehicular communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0082] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0083] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0084] Referring to Figure 5, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.

[0085] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0086] Meanwhile, the wireless interface between terminals or between terminals and a network may be composed of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the L1 layer may refer to a physical layer. Furthermore, for example, the L2 layer may refer to at least one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer. Furthermore, for example, the L3 layer may refer to an RRC layer.

[0087] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0088] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0089] - Satellite integrated network

[0090] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0091] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0092] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0093] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0094] - small cell networks

[0095] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0096] - High-capacity backhaul

[0097] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0098] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0099] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0100] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0101] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0102] Figure 7 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

[0103] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0104] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0105] - Optical wireless technology

[0106] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0107] - Quantum communication

[0108] - Cell-free communication

[0109] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0110] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0111] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0112] - Big data analysis

[0113] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0114] - metaverse

[0115] - Blockchain

[0116] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0117] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0118] Figure 8 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication. Specifically, Figure 8 (a) illustrates the user plane protocol stack of NR, and Figure 8 (b) illustrates the control plane protocol stack of NR.

[0119] Below, the SL synchronization signal (Sidelink Synchronization Signal, SLSS) and synchronization information are described.

[0120] SLSS is an SL-specific sequence and may include a Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and a Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS). The PSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal (S-SSS). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for the S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for the S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal and acquire synchronization using the S-PSS. For example, a terminal may acquire detailed synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID using the S-PSS and the S-SSS.

[0121] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in NR V2X, for evaluating PSBCH performance, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC.

[0122] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0123] Meanwhile, in the NR SL system, multiple numerologies having different SCS and / or CP lengths may be supported. In this case, as the SCS increases, the length of the time resource for a transmitting terminal to transmit an S-SSB may become shorter. Accordingly, the coverage of the S-SSB may decrease. Therefore, in order to ensure the coverage of the S-SSB, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or more S-SSBs to a receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs that the transmitting terminal transmits to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period may be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission period may be 160 ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission period of 160 ms may be supported for all SCSs.

[0124] For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 30 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0125] For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 120 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0126] Meanwhile, when the SCS is 60 kHz, two types of CP may be supported. In addition, the structure of the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal may be different depending on the CP type. For example, the CP type may be Normal CP (NCP) or Extended CP (ECP). Specifically, for example, when the CP type is NCP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 9 or 8. On the other hand, for example, when the CP type is ECP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 7 or 6. For example, the PSBCH may be mapped to the first symbol within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal. For example, the receiving terminal receiving the S-SSB may perform an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) operation in the first symbol section of the S-SSB.

[0127] Figure 9 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0128] Referring to FIG. 9, the term "terminal" in V2X or SL communication may primarily refer to a user's terminal. However, if a network device such as a base station transmits and receives signals according to a communication method between terminals, the base station may also be considered a type of terminal. For example, terminal 1 may be a first device (100), and terminal 2 may be a second device (200).

[0129] For example, terminal 1 can select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource within a resource pool, which represents a set of resources. Then, terminal 1 can transmit an SL signal using the resource unit. For example, terminal 2, which is a receiving terminal, can be configured with a resource pool in which terminal 1 can transmit a signal, and can detect a signal from terminal 1 within the resource pool.

[0130] Here, if terminal 1 is within the connection range of the base station, the base station can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool. On the other hand, if terminal 1 is outside the connection range of the base station, another terminal can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool, or terminal 1 can use a pre-configured resource pool.

[0131] In general, a resource pool can be composed of multiple resource units, and each terminal can select one or multiple resource units to use for its SL signal transmission.

[0132] Figure 10 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

[0133] Referring to Figure 10, the entire frequency resources of the resource pool can be divided into NF units, and the entire time resources of the resource pool can be divided into NT units. Therefore, a total of NF * NT resource units can be defined within the resource pool. Figure 10 illustrates an example where the resource pool repeats with a cycle of NT subframes.

[0134] As shown in Figure 10, a single resource unit (e.g., Unit #0) may appear periodically and repeatedly. Alternatively, to achieve diversity effects in the time or frequency dimensions, the index of the physical resource unit to which a single logical resource unit is mapped may change in a predetermined pattern over time. In this resource unit structure, a resource pool may refer to a set of resource units that a terminal wishing to transmit an SL signal can use for transmission.

[0135] Resource pools can be subdivided into several categories. For example, based on the content of the SL signal transmitted from each resource pool, resource pools can be categorized as follows:

[0136] (1) Scheduling Assignment (SA) may be a signal that includes information such as the location of resources used by a transmitting terminal for transmission of an SL data channel, MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission method required for demodulation of other data channels, and TA (Timing Advance). SA may also be transmitted multiplexed with SL data on the same resource unit, in which case the SA resource pool may mean a resource pool in which SA is multiplexed with SL data and transmitted. SA may also be called an SL control channel.

[0137] (2) The SL data channel (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, PSSCH) may be a resource pool used by a transmitting terminal to transmit user data. If SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data on the same resource unit, only the SL data channel excluding SA information may be transmitted from the resource pool for the SL data channel. In other words, the REs (Resource Elements) that were used to transmit SA information on individual resource units within the SA resource pool may still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, the transmitting terminal may transmit the PSSCH by mapping it to consecutive PRBs.

[0138] (3) A discovery channel may be a resource pool for transmitting terminals to transmit information such as their IDs. Through this, transmitting terminals can enable neighboring terminals to discover them.

[0139] Even if the content of the SL signal described above is the same, different resource pools may be used depending on the transmission and reception properties of the SL signal. For example, even if it is the same SL data channel or discovery message, it may be again divided into different resource pools depending on the transmission timing determination method of the SL signal (for example, whether it is transmitted at the time of reception of a synchronization reference signal or whether it is transmitted by applying a certain timing advance at the time of reception), the resource allocation method (for example, whether the base station designates transmission resources for individual signals to individual transmitting terminals or whether individual transmitting terminals independently select individual signal transmission resources within the resource pool), the signal format (for example, the number of symbols each SL signal occupies in one subframe or the number of subframes used for transmission of one SL signal), the signal strength from the base station, the transmission power strength of the SL terminal, etc.

[0140] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0141] Referring to Figure 11, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0142] The BWP can be set by Point A, an offset from Point A (NstartBWP), and a bandwidth (NsizeBWP). For example, Point A can be an outer reference point of a PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) are aligned. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and Point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0143] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0144] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0145] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0146] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0147] Referring to (a) of FIG. 12, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S1200, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0148] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0149] In step S1210, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S1220, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1230, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S1240, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0150] Referring to (b) of FIG. 12, in resource allocation mode 2, a terminal can determine an SL transmission resource within the SL resources set by the base station / network or within the preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or the preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting a resource within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select a resource within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S1210, a first terminal that has selected a resource within the resource pool can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to a second terminal using the resource. In step S1220, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1230, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0151] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 12, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH may be referred to as a 1st SCI, a 1st SCI, a 1st-stage SCI, or a 1st-stage SCI format, and an SCI transmitted on a PSSCH may be referred to as a 2nd SCI, a 2nd SCI, a 2nd-stage SCI, or a 2nd-stage SCI format.

[0152] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 12, in step S1230, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0153] Referring to (a) of FIG. 12, in step S1240, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0154] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0155] Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a networked device to connect to the object, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, i.e., sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

[0156] FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate examples of sensing operations according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 13 illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 14 illustrates an example of sensing using separate sensing receivers and sensing transmitters (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0157] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, referring to FIG. 13, the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in a single base station (i.e., the same base station) or a single terminal (i.e., the same terminal). Alternatively, referring to FIG. 14, the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in different base stations, different terminals, or each terminal and base station.

[0158] In this regard, the following six types of sensing modes can be defined based on whether the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in the base station or the terminal, respectively.

[0159] - Mode 1: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are contained in a single base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in monostatic mode).

[0160] - Second mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in a first base station and the sensing receiver is included in a second base station different from the first base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in bistatic mode).

[0161] - Mode 3: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the base station and the sensing receiver is included in the terminal (e.g., base station-terminal sensing mode).

[0162] - Mode 4: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the terminal and the sensing receiver is included in the base station (e.g., terminal-base station sensing mode).

[0163] - Mode 5: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are contained in a single terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in monostatic mode).

[0164] - 6th mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in a first terminal and the sensing receiver is included in a second terminal different from the first terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in bistatic mode).

[0165] In a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, one or more of the six types of sensing modes described above may be utilized independently / in combination.

[0166] With respect to the sensing operation in FIGS. 13 and 14, the sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal may correspond to a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification. The sensing receiver may receive a signal scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. In the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered / reflected signals, and sensing results may be generated / obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, the sensing results may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment around the objects). The sensing results generated / obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) provided in the wireless communication system based on the 6G network of the present specification, or may be provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0167] Additionally, the sensing operations in FIGS. 13 and 14 are described as representative examples of operations in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network, but can be extended and applied to cases where terminals / base stations / signals based on networks of previous generations (e.g., 4G, 5G, etc.) are utilized.

[0168] Additionally, with respect to the wireless sensing described herein, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, time / frequency resources for sensing operations and time / frequency resources for general communications (e.g., UL / DL / sidelink-based communications, etc.) may be scheduled / configured separately.

[0169] FIG. 15 illustrates time / frequency resources for sensing operations according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0170] Referring to FIG. 15, time / frequency resources (hereinafter, sensing resources) for the aforementioned sensing operations (e.g., sensing operations based on FIGS. 13 and 14) can be set / allocated separately from time / frequency resources (hereinafter, communication resources) for general communication.

[0171] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 15, sensing resources can be set / allocated in units of symbols in the time domain and / or resource blocks in the frequency domain. Resources other than those for which the sensing resources are set / allocated can be utilized as resources for general communication. That is, sensing resources and communication resources can be set / allocated based on the time-division multiplexing (TDM) method and / or the frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) method in terms of the operation of the base station / terminal. Additionally or alternatively, unlike those illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, sensing resources can also be set / allocated based on other units in the time domain (e.g., slots, frames, absolute time (ms, us), etc.) and / or other units in the frequency domain (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, absolute frequencies (MHz, GHz), etc.).

[0172] Additionally or alternatively, in connection with the setting / allocation / scheduling of resources for general communication as described herein, the relationship between the resources and the aforementioned sensing resources may need to be considered. For example, when setting / allocating resources for general communication according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, the resources may be set / allocated to rate-match or puncture the resource region corresponding to the sensing resource. For example, when scheduling resources for general communication according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, the resources may be scheduled so as not to overlap with the resource region corresponding to the sensing resource. If the resources for general communication according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure and the resource region corresponding to the sensing resource are set / allocated / scheduled to overlap, one or both operations may be dropped, skipped, or postponed based on priorities, predefined rules, etc. That is, in the embodiment(s) of the present specification, it may be desirable that resources related to general communication (e.g., resources for signals / channels related to UL / DL / Sidelink-based data / control, etc.) are set / allocated / scheduled so as not to overlap with the sensing resources described above.

[0173] Additionally, various channel modeling methods may be applied in connection with the wireless sensing described herein. Channel modeling related to sensing may refer to configuring a path for transmitting and receiving sensing signals and / or scattered / reflected signals, taking into account the object being sensed and / or the environment in which the object resides. Channel modeling may be related to the performance / requirements of sensing in wireless communication systems, and thus may be an important factor in validating the sensing function.

[0174] Channels related to sensing can be divided into channels between objects (e.g., targets of interest) and sensing transmitters / receivers, and channels between the environment to which the object belongs and sensing transmitters / receivers. In this regard, channel modeling related to sensing can be divided based on sensing mode (e.g., the six types of modes described above), whether there is an object / environment, and / or sensing scenarios. For example, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode, channel modeling for the environment in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, and channel modeling for the environment in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode can be configured and optimized differently. For example, when various sensing scenarios are classified, channel modeling for detection, location, and tracking scenarios, channel modeling for motion recognition, and channel modeling for imaging / environment reconstruction scenarios can be divided, etc. Additionally, channel modeling related to sensing may be based on statistical channel modeling techniques and / or deterministic channel modeling techniques. For example, modeling for sensing in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present disclosure may be based on stochastic geometric channel modeling techniques and / or hybrid with ray tracing channel modeling techniques. Here, the stochastic geometric channel model may be based on various statistical characteristics of the channel state. Furthermore, the hybrid channel model may be based on both ray tracing techniques and stochastic techniques.In the case of a hybrid approach, a method can be applied in which the channel for the object (e.g., the target of interest) that requires high accuracy and consistency is modeled using a ray tracing technique, and the channel for the environment is modeled using a probabilistic technique.

[0175] artificial intelligence

[0176] Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0177] The following describes a functional framework for AI / ML operations.

[0178] Below, to explain AI (or AI / ML) more specifically, the terms can be defined as follows.

[0179] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals as a basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0180] - AI Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information and / or decision parameters based on a set of inputs.

[0181] - AI / ML Training: An online or offline process of training an AI model by learning features and patterns that best represent the data and obtain a trained AI / ML model for inference.

[0182] - AI / ML Inference: The process of making predictions or inducing decisions based on collected data and the AI ​​model using a trained AI model.

[0183] Life Cycle Management (LCM) procedures for AI / ML models (i.e., model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, model updates, etc.) can be divided into functionality-based LCM and model-based LCM. In functionality-based LCM, AI / ML models may not be identified by the network, and the network can direct the activation / deactivation / fallback / switching of AI / ML functionality. In model-ID (identifier)-based LCM, AI / ML models can be identified by the network, and the network / terminal can activate / deactivate / select / switch AI / ML models based on the model ID.

[0184] Figure 16 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0185] In particular, Fig. 16 illustrates a general functional architecture relevant to both Functionality-based LCM and Model-based LCM. Some of the functions or some of the data / information / command flows (i.e., arrows) illustrated in Fig. 16 may be omitted.

[0186] Referring to FIG. 16, a general functional framework can be configured to include a data collection function (10), a model training function (20), a management function (30), an inference function (40), and a model storage function (50).

[0187] The Data Collection function (10) is a function that provides input data to the Model Training function (20), Management function (30), and Inference function (40). The Data Collection function (10) can perform data preparation based on raw data and provide input data processed through data preparation. Examples of raw data may include received data / measurement data from terminals or other network entities, inference / output of AI / ML models, etc. The Data Collection function (10) may be performed by a single entity (e.g., terminal, network node, etc.) or may be performed by multiple entities.

[0188] Here, training data (11) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML Model Training function (20). Monitoring data (12) refers to data required as input for the Management (30) of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. Inference data (13) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML Inference function (30).

[0189] The Model Training function (20) is a function that performs AI / ML model training, validation, and testing, which can generate model performance metrics that can be used as part of the AI / ML model testing procedure. The Model Training function (20) can perform data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, forming, and transformation) based on the Training Data (11) transferred from the Data Collection function (10), if necessary.

[0190] Trained / Updated Model (21): If there is a Model Storage function (50), it is used to pass a trained, validated and tested AI / ML model to the Model Storage function (50) or to pass an updated version of the model to the Model Storage function (50).

[0191] The Management function (30) is a function that supervises the operation of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. In addition, the Management function (30) may perform decisions to ensure appropriate inference operations based on data received from the Data Collection function (10) (i.e., Monitoring Data (12)) and / or data received from the Inference function (40) (i.e., Inference Output (41)).

[0192] Management Instruction (32) is information required as input to manage the Inference function (40). The relevant information may include selection / (de)activation / switching of an AI / ML model or AI / ML-based function, and may also include fallback to non-AI / ML operations (i.e., not relying on the inference process).

[0193] A Model Transfer / Delivery Request (33) can be used to request model(s) from Model Storage (50).

[0194] A Performance Feedback / Retraining Request (31) refers to information required as input to the Model Training function (20) (e.g., for the purpose of (re)training or updating the model).

[0195] The Inference function (40) is a function that provides output from the process of applying an AI / ML model or AI / ML function using data (i.e., Inference Data (13)) provided by Data Collection (10) as input. Data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) may also be performed based on the Inference Data (13) delivered by Data Collection (10). If necessary, the Inference function (40) may also perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, forming, and transformation) based on the Inference Data (13) provided by Data Collection function (10).

[0196] Inference Output (41) is data used in the Management function (30) to monitor the performance of an AI / ML model or AI / ML function. Inference Output (41) may include the inference output of the AI / ML model generated by the Inference function (30), and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0197] The Model Storage function (50) stores a learned / updated model that can be used to perform the Inference function (40). The Model Storage function (50) illustrated in FIG. 15 can be used as a reference point (if any) when applicable to protocol termination, model transfer / delivery, and related processes. Furthermore, the Model Storage function (50) is merely an example and is not intended to limit the storage location of actual AI / ML models, and may be omitted.

[0198] Model Transfer / Delivery (51) is used to transfer AI / ML models to inference functions.

[0199] The level of cooperation can be defined as follows depending on the capability of AI / ML functions between multiple nodes, and variations due to combination of multiple levels or separation of any one level are also possible.

[0200] Cat 0a) No collaboration framework: AI / ML algorithms are purely implementation-based and do not require any changes to the wireless interface.

[0201] Cat 0b) This level corresponds to a framework with a modified wireless interface tailored to efficient implementation-based AI / ML algorithms, but without collaboration.

[0202] Category 1) involves inter-node support to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. For example, this applies when a specific node receives support from another node (for training, adaptation, etc.) and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0203] Category 2) Joint AI / ML tasks can be performed across multiple nodes. This level requires the exchange of AI / ML model commands or network nodes.

[0204] AI / ML models can be divided into one-side models and two-side models depending on whether training and / or inference are performed on a single node or jointly / sequentially on multiple nodes.

[0205] A one-side model can refer to an AI / ML model in which inference is performed entirely by a single node (e.g., a terminal or network). Here, AI / ML model training can also be performed entirely by a single node. AI / ML model training and inference can be performed by the same node, or they can be performed by separate nodes.

[0206] A two-side model can refer to an AI / ML model in which joint inference is performed across multiple nodes (e.g., terminals and networks). Joint inference refers to inference being performed jointly across multiple nodes. For example, the first part of the inference may be performed by a first node, and the remaining part by a second node. Two-side models can be categorized into several types depending on the training method of the AI / ML model, as follows:

[0207] - First type: AI / ML models can be trained on a single node. In this case, joint training can be performed. The trained model can then be distributed to other nodes / objects.

[0208] - Second type: Joint training of AI / ML models can be performed on multiple nodes / entities (e.g., networks and terminals). Joint training can mean that model generation (e.g., CSI generation part) and model reconstruction (CSI compression by sub-use case) are trained in the same loop for forward activation and backward gradient. In this type, joint training can include both simultaneous training (i.e., model generation training and model reconstruction training are performed simultaneously) and sequential training (i.e., model reconstruction training is performed after model generation training).

[0209] - Third type: Separate training of AI / ML models can be performed on multiple nodes (e.g., networks and terminals). Separate training may mean that training begins sequentially on one node and continues on other nodes. In this case, the first node first performs the AI / ML model and shares the training data with the second node. The second node can then use the shared training data to perform the AI / ML model. For example, training for the CSI generation part may be performed by the terminal, while CSI reconstruction may be performed by the network.

[0210] A method for aligning sensor information with AS layer information in time.

[0211] As described above, referring to Figure 16, the AL / ML functional framework can be described as a set of functions including data collection, model learning, management, inference, and model storage. In a given scenario (3GPP), standards activities for applying AI / ML to the physical layer began with rel-18. In the given scenario, three areas were prioritized: improving positioning accuracy, improving CSI prediction and accuracy, and improving beam management / prediction performance, and discussions were held to determine the feasibility of applying AI / ML.

[0212] For objects that are equipped with multiple sensors and move, such as automobiles or UAM (Urban Air Mobility), there is also the possibility of discussing ways to utilize the sensor information acquired through the multiple sensors in the AS layer. For example, information (sensor information) such as the automobile's position / moving speed / inclination can be helpful in predicting / estimating the beam / transmission spatial filter that may be formed between the automobile and the base station, or in finding the best beam. Below, we describe in detail how the AS layer acquires sensor information and how to utilize it.

[0213] Meanwhile, the Access Stratum (AS) layer may be responsible for wireless functions and procedures between user equipment (UE) and the Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) in a 5G system. It ensures efficient and reliable data transmission over the air interface and may largely include the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and Physical Layer (PHY) layer.

[0214] Figures 17 to 22 are drawings for explaining a method of acquiring / utilizing sensor information in the AS layer.

[0215] In the AS layer, AI / ML technology (e.g., technology using a model based on AI / ML) can be used in various fields. For example, AI / ML technology can be used to improve CSI prediction and accuracy. Alternatively, AI / ML technology can be used to manage and predict beams between gNBs and UEs. In addition to predicting CSI and beams only with AS layer information (e.g., information previously transmitted from lower layers, etc.), in the case of equipment such as automobiles ( / drones) to which multiple sensor devices are attached, sensing information obtained from the multiple sensors can be additionally considered in the calculations for CSI prediction and beam prediction in the AS layer, and thereby, prediction of optimal CSI values ​​and / or beam prediction for devices such as automobiles ( / drones) can be made.

[0216] However, there has been no specific discussion on how to transmit sensor information to the AS layer in a given scenario, or how to synchronize the time between the sensor information and the information in the AS layer. For example, in the case of a car, multiple sensors may exist / be attached inside and outside the car, and a module for integrated use and management of sensing information obtained from multiple sensors may be required in a higher layer (e.g., application layer). In addition, when the amount of sensing information obtained from the sensor is large, the sensing information may be more likely to be transmitted through the Data PDU of the upper layer rather than as a control signal of the AS layer.

[0217] Specifically, referring to FIG. 17, in the UE's CSI report, the UE can report / transmit sensor information to the gNB via a data PDU of the upper layer. In this case, the following problems may occur.

[0218] The cycle at which the block managing sensor information of the upper layer (Sensor information management) collects sensor information may differ from the cycle at which the CSI ( / beam information) of the AS layer is reported. In this case, a discussion may be needed on how to synchronize (sync / align) the sensor information transmitted between the gNB and the UE through the upper layer and the CSI ( / beam related) information transmitted between the gNB and the UE through the AS layer. In addition, a discussion may also need to be given on whether the reporting of sensor information at the upper layer is also triggered by a trigger to report the CSI ( / beam related) information of the AS layer (e.g., information included in the DCI).

[0219] Below, we describe in detail how to synchronize the CSI information of the AS layer with the sensor / sensing information of the upper layer (e.g., the application layer).

[0220] (1) solution-1

[0221] The gNB can configure / transmit reporting settings for CSI (beam-related) reporting to the UE via RRC messages. However, CSI reporting in the UE based on the configured RRC values ​​or reporting settings can be triggered via DCI transmission (or CSI reporting command) of the AS layer of the gNB.

[0222] For example, referring to FIG. 18, the AS layer of the gNB can trigger CSI (beam related) reporting (or activate CSI reporting) in the UE by transmitting a DCI or CSI reporting command to the UE. In this case, the AS layer of the UE can request sensor information from a higher layer of the UE (or a sensor information management module of the higher layer). The higher layer of the UE can forward the sensor information to the AS layer of the UE. The transmission period of the sensor information may be the same as the period at which the UE reports CSI (beam related) to the gNB. For example, the higher layer (e.g., the higher layer of the UE) can forward the sensor information to the AS layer of the UE based on a reporting period (e.g., periodic, semi-periodic, etc.) set via an RRC message in the AS layer. In this case, the AS layer of the UE can piggyback the sensor information in the CSI report and transmit it. For example, the AS layer of the UE can transmit the sensor information together with the CSI information to the gNB via a PUCCH. However, such a method may significantly increase the overhead of the control channel (e.g., PUCCH). Therefore, a method for reducing the overhead of the control channel may be required. For example, when reporting sensor information including the UE's speed (to the gNB), the UE may index a value for a speed range and report an index value corresponding to the speed value to the gNB. In this case, the gNB can determine / determine the UE's movement speed based on the index value for the speed range.

[0223] Meanwhile, the cycle at which the sensor information management module existing in the upper layer of the UE collects actual sensor information may be different from the reporting cycle of the AS layer of the UE (e.g., the reporting cycle of CSI and beam management information). In this case, the sensor information management module may transmit the most recently stored sensor value to the AS layer of the UE as if it were the current sensor value. Alternatively, the upper layer of the UE may input the most recently stored sensor value to an AI / ML module, etc., to predict / estimate the sensor value at the time at which the AS layer of the UE requests sensor information, and may transmit the predicted / estimated sensor value to the AS layer of the UE. Alternatively, the AS layer of the UE may request the transmission of sensor information to the upper layer of the UE at the time of CSI reporting (preparation). If transmission of sensor information is requested from the AS layer of the UE, the upper layer of the UE may collect the sensor information and transmit the most recent information to the AS layer of the UE. For example, the upper layer of the UE may transmit sensor information acquired / collected from the time of receiving a request for transmission of sensor information from the AS layer of the UE as the most up-to-date sensor information to the AS layer of the UE. In this regard, the method by which the upper layer of the UE collects sensor information and the duration of sensor information collection may vary depending on the time required to collect the sensor information.

[0224] Meanwhile, unlike solution-1, the reporting cycle at which the upper layer of the UE reports sensor information to the upper layer of the gNB may not be related to the cycle at which the AS layer of the UE reports CSI reporting and beam-related information (to the AS layer of the gNB). For example, the sensor information may be a value used not only by a specific module of the AS layer but also by multiple other modules (e.g., multiple modules of other layers). Alternatively, the time at which the sensor information is acquired may vary depending on the operating cycle / method of the sensor that acquires / senses the sensor information. Therefore, in order for the AS layer of the gNB to use the sensor information reported through the upper layer (and / or data PDU), the following solution-2 (and / or solution-3.1, solution-3.2) needs to be considered.

[0225] (2) solution-2

[0226] Referring to FIG. 19, the AS layer of the UE may be triggered by the gNB to report CSI or beam-related information. In this case, the UE may request a sensor information management module (e.g., a sensor information management module of an upper layer) to transmit sensor information. Alternatively, regardless of the CSI (or beam-related information) reporting operation of the AS layer, the upper layer of the UE may transmit sensor information to the upper layer of the gNB according to an application of the upper layer (e.g., a transmission cycle of sensor information separately defined on the upper layer). In this case, it may be necessary to synchronize the sensor information transmitted from the upper layer of the gNB to the AS layer of the gNB and the reporting information reported by the AS layer of the UE (e.g., reported CSI / beam-related information values).

[0227] To this end, the upper layer of the UE can attach a time stamp to the sensor information and transmit it to the upper layer of the gNB. Here, the time stamp value needs to be a time value that can be commonly used between the UE and the gNB (e.g., a time value that can be recognized as the same moment). For example, values ​​such as the (sub)frame number, slot number, and symbol number of the AS layer can be used as the time stamp value.

[0228] For example, referring to FIG. 19, the AS layer of the gNB, which has received CSI (beam-related) information from the AS layer of the UE, may additionally require sensor information of the UE (e.g., location, movement speed, MAP information to which the UE belongs, acceleration speed, movement direction, slope, etc.) for operations such as AI / ML. In this case, the AS layer of the gNB may request transmission of the sensor information of the UE to its upper layer. At this time, the AS layer of the gNB may also transmit time information when the CSI (beam-related) information was reported from the UE (or, the AS layer of the UE). For example, the AS layer of the gNB may transmit a message including time information when the CSI information was reported from the UE and requesting transmission of the sensor information of the UE to the upper layer of the gNB. The upper layer of the gNB, which receives this, may transmit the requested sensor information to the AS layer of the gNB. At this time, the upper layer of the gNB can transmit the sensor information to the AS layer of the gNB if there is (latest) sensor information collected / stored within a certain period of time based on the time at which the AS layer of the gNB requested the sensor information. Conversely, if there is no (latest) sensor information collected / stored within a certain period of time based on the time at which the AS layer of the gNB requested the sensor information, the upper layer of the gNB may not transmit the sensor information to the AS layer of the gNB. Alternatively, the upper layer of the gNB may also predict / estimate a sensor prediction value for the time requested by the AS layer of the gNB based on the transmitted sensor information of the UE through AI / ML, etc., and transmit the predicted / estimated prediction value to the AS layer of the gNB. Alternatively, the upper layer of the gNB may transmit a timestamp value transmitted through the upper layer of the UE and corresponding sensor information (e.g., sensor information of the UE) to the AS layer of the gNB.This may be a useful approach if it is assumed that the AI / ML block / module in the AS layer of the gNB can perform an operation to synchronize (SYNC) to the required time based on sensor information of the upper layer of the gNB (e.g., sensor information of the UE received upon request) and a time stamp value linked to the sensor information.

[0229] In this way, on the one hand, the UE and the gNB can synchronize (SYNC) between information of the AS layer (e.g., CSI information and / or beam information) and information of the upper layer (e.g., sensor information) by using a time stamp (e.g., time information such as slots, symbols, subframes, etc. of the AS layer). However, in order to use such a time stamp, there may be a limitation that common or aligned time information must be used between the gNB and the UE (and / or layers included in each of the gNB and the UE) (on the other hand, there may be cases where such assumption / limitation does not apply). Therefore, below, a method for overcoming such a limitation is described in detail through Solution-3.1 and Solution-3.2.

[0230] (3) Solution-3.1

[0231] Referring to FIG. 20, the UE may use a Sequence Number (SN) value as a value for synchronizing (SYNC) between information of the AS layer (e.g., CSI information and / or beam information) and information of a higher layer (e.g., sensor information). When the AS layer of the UE reports a measured CSI value to the AS layer of the gNB, the UE may report to the gNB a specific SN together with the CSI value. For example, the UE may transmit a signal / message including the CSI value and the corresponding SN to the gNB.

[0232] For example, referring to FIG. 20, the UE may use the SN value as a value for synchronizing information (SYNC) between AS layer information (e.g., CSI information and / or beam information) and upper layer information (e.g., sensor information). For example, the UE may transmit report information including CSI information and a corresponding SN value to the gNB.

[0233] The AS layer of the UE can report the CSI value and SN value to the gNB and instruct its upper layer to transmit sensor information. For example, the AS layer of the UE can report the CSI value and SN value to the gNB (or the AS layer of the gNB) and instruct / request the upper layer of the UE to transmit the sensor information to the upper layer of the gNB. At this time, the AS layer of the UE can also inform the SN information when requesting the transmission of sensor information to the upper layer of the UE. The upper layer of the UE can transmit the SN information transmitted from the AS layer of the UE and the collected sensor information to the upper layer of the gNB (using data PDU). The upper layer of the gNB that receives this can transmit the received sensor information together with the SN information to the AS layer of the gNB. The module that processes the CSI of the AS layer of the gNB capable of performing AI / ML can perform AI / ML operations by assuming / presupposing that the CSI value of the AS layer with the same SN information and the sensor information of the upper layer are temporally aligned (SYNC). For example, the gNB may assume / presuppose that the CSI values ​​of the AS layer and the sensor information of the upper layer with the same SN information are temporally aligned (SYNC) with each other, and may perform AI / ML operations (e.g., for optimal beam selection / decision) based on the CSI values ​​and the sensor information. Meanwhile, the SN value may be a value that changes with each transmission of the CSI report (or transmission of sensor information).

[0234] (4) Solution-3.2

[0235] In Solution-3.2, the SN value described above may be a value set in the upper layer of the UE. Referring to Fig. 21, when the gNB triggers a CSI (beam-related information) report to the UE, the upper layer of the UE may report the sensor information to the upper layer of the gNB, but may transmit / report it together with the SN value.

[0236] Alternatively, referring to FIG. 22, the upper layer of the UE may trigger reporting of CSI (beam-related information) to the AS layer of the UE regardless of whether the gNB triggers reporting of CSI (beam-related information) to the UE. For example, the upper layer of the UE may determine whether reporting of CSI is necessary based on sensor information, etc. (e.g., when (specific) sensor information changes by more than a set threshold value), and may trigger CSI reporting of the AS layer of the UE when determining / determining that CSI reporting is necessary. In this case, the upper layer of the UE also transmits SN information to the AS layer of the UE while transmitting the sensor information to the upper layer of the gNB (e.g., steps '(1)' and '(2)' in FIGS. 21 and 22 may be performed simultaneously, or the order of operations may be changed). In this way, the AS layer of the UE, which has received the SN value from the upper layer of the UE, can report the CSI value together with the SN value transmitted from the upper layer of the UE to the AS layer of the gNB when performing a CSI report to the gNB. The upper layer of the gNB can transmit the sensor information received from the UE (or the upper layer of the UE) to the AS layer of the gNB together with the SN value. The AS layer of the gNB that has received this can determine, based on the SN value, whether the sensor value included in the sensor information is synchronized with a value received from the UE (e.g., a CSI value received from the UE). The AI / ML module of the AS layer of the gNB can use the synchronized sensor information and CSI value based on the SN value to predict a beam (or a CSI value) or predict a next location (e.g., a future location of the UE).

[0237] The reporting of the CSI values ​​described above may also be applied as a replacement for reporting values ​​of other AS layers (e.g., beam-related information, location information, etc.). In the case of location information, the UE may report to the gNB the location information measured by the AS layer of the UE and the location value measured by the sensor (the location value measured using sensor information, etc.). In this case, the AI / ML block of the gNB may infer a more accurate location value of the UE. In this case as well, information for synchronization between the AS layer information and the upper layer information (e.g., SN value, timestamp, etc.) may be used as described above.

[0238] Meanwhile, it can be assumed / presumed that information (e.g., sensor information) transmitted between the upper layer of the gNB and the upper layer of the UE is transmitted via data PDU (and / or data channel). In addition, it can be assumed / presumed that information (e.g., CSI value) transmitted between the AS layer of the gNB and the AS layer of the UE is transmitted via a control channel (e.g., PUCCH). In addition, it can be assumed / presumed that transmission / reception of data / control signals between the upper layer and the AS layer within a single system (e.g., between radars of the UE, between layers of the gNB) has no latency.

[0239] And / or, if the sensor value measured by the sensor does not change by more than a set threshold value (e.g., if the sensor value measured by the sensor does not change by more than a threshold value compared to a previously reported sensor value), the upper layer of the UE (and / or the upper layer of the gNB) may not report the measured sensor value to the AS layer of the UE (or the AS layer of the gNB), or the upper layer of the UE may not report the measured sensor value to the upper layer of the gNB. Alternatively, the upper layer of the UE may report / instruct only 1 bit of indication information indicating that there is no change to the AS layer of the UE or the upper layer of the gNB. Alternatively, the upper layer of the UE may select only the sensor values ​​(or parameters) that have changed compared to the previously reported / transmitted sensor values ​​and report them to the AS layer of the UE or the upper layer of the gNB.

[0240] In this way, the proposed invention can recognize that the report information (A) transmitted from the AS layer of the UE to the AS layer of the gNB and the sensor information (B) transmitted from the upper layer of the UE to the upper layer of the gNB when performing AI / ML operations, and that the report information (A) and the sensor information (B) transmitted through different layers are information belonging to the same time. Through this, the proposed invention can recognize the correlation between the two pieces of information learned in performing AI / ML in the UE / gNB, and thus can train the AI / ML model to have better inference / accuracy.

[0241] FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a method in which a UE transmits sensor information and CSI information to a base station.

[0242] As described above, when CSI measurement / reporting is triggered, the UE can report CSI information to the base station based on the AS layer, and can report sensor information acquired from sensors of the UE to the base station based on a layer higher than the AS layer (e.g., an application layer).

[0243] Specifically, referring to FIG. 23, the UE may transmit channel state information (CSI) information to the base station based on the first layer of the UE (S231). For example, the UE may activate / trigger a CSI reporting configuration / CSI-RS resource / CSI-RS resource set through the DCI of the base station, etc. In this case, the UE may perform measurement on a CSI-RS received from the CSI-RS resource / CSI-RS resource set and report the measured CSI measurement value or CSI information to the base station. For example, the UE may report the CSI information to the base station through a PHY layer included in the first layer of the UE.

[0244] Next, the UE can transmit the sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on the second layer of the UE (S233). As described above, the second layer of the UE is a layer higher than the first layer, which is the AS layer, and may be an NAS layer and / or an application layer. The second layer of the UE can collect sensor information sensed from sensors associated with / equipped with the UE, and transfer / transmit the collected sensor information to the second layer of the base station. Here, the sensor information may include movement speed, movement direction, acceleration, slope, map information, etc. of the UE or the device obtained from sensors equipped in the UE or a device associated with the UE.

[0245] Meanwhile, in general, the CSI information and sensor information may be reported / transmitted to the base station independently of each other. However, in analyzing channel conditions / selecting optimal beams using AI / ML, etc., sensor information may be additionally considered in addition to existing CSI information. In this case, reporting / transmission of the CSI information and reporting / transmission of the sensor information may be triggered in conjunction with each other. For example, sensor information as well as CSI information may be required for channel condition analysis and / or optimal beam selection in the AS layer of the gNB. In this case, when reporting / transmission of the CSI information is triggered, the UE may also trigger reporting / transmission of the sensor information based on the second layer of the UE, or when reporting / transmission of the sensor information is triggered, the UE may also trigger reporting / transmission of the CSI information based on the first layer of the UE. In this way, when the sensor information is information linked / connected with the CSI information, synchronization information for time domain alignment between the sensor information and the CSI information can be provided / transmitted together to the base station.

[0246] Specifically, when the sensor information is information related to the CSI information (e.g., sensor information for channel state analysis and / or optimal beam selection in the AS layer of the gNB), the sensor information transmitted based on the second layer of the UE may be transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information. For example, when the sensor information is used to select / determine an optimal beam related to the UE together with the CSI information, the UE may transmit / report the synchronization information and the sensor information together to the second layer of the base station based on the second layer. And / or, when the transmission / report of the sensor information is triggered in conjunction with a trigger of the transmission of the CSI information, the UE may transmit / report the synchronization information and the sensor information together to the second layer of the base station based on the second layer. And / or, if transmission of the CSI information is also triggered based on a trigger of transmission / reporting of the sensor information, the UE may transmit / report the synchronization information and the sensor information together to the second layer of the base station based on the second layer.

[0247] Here, the synchronization information may include a timestamp or sequence number for time domain alignment with the CSI information as described above. The timestamp may be time information that represents / defines the time at which the sensor information is acquired / collected based on at least one of a subframe index, a slot index, and a symbol index of the first layer of the UE. In this case, the UE may transmit / report the synchronization information to the base station together only when transmitting the sensor information among the CSI information and the sensor information.

[0248] Alternatively, when the synchronization information is provided as the sequence number, the sequence number may be a sequence number set in connection with the generation / transmission of the CSI information or the sensor information. For example, the sequence number may be one of integer values ​​within a predetermined range, and the value may sequentially increase according to the number of times the CSI information or the sensor information is generated / transmitted. In this case, the first layer of the UE and the second layer of the UE may share the sequence number, and the UE may transmit the sequence number together to the base station when transmitting CSI information based on the first layer, and may also transmit the sequence number together to the base station when transmitting sensor information based on the second layer.

[0249] For example, when the CSI information is transmitted to the base station together with the sequence number set for transmission of the CSI information, the first layer of the UE may transmit a notification requesting transmission of the sensor information to the second layer of the UE while transmitting information about the sequence number to the second layer of the UE. For example, when the CSI information is transmitted to the base station together with the sequence number set for transmission of the CSI information, the first layer of the UE may provide the sequence number to the second layer of the UE to trigger transmission of the sensor information based on the second layer. For example, the second layer of the UE may be triggered to transmit / report the sensor information to the base station by provision of the sequence number from the first layer. Alternatively, when the sensor information is transmitted to the base station together with the sequence number set for transmission of the sensor information, the second layer of the UE may transmit information about the sequence number to the first layer of the UE to trigger transmission of the CSI information based on the first layer of the UE. For example, the first layer of the UE may be triggered to transmit / report the CSI information to the base station by provision of the sequence number from the second layer.

[0250] Alternatively, the second layer of the UE may trigger transmission of the CSI information of the first layer while triggering transmission of the sensor information when the amount of change in the sensor value included in the sensor information exceeds a specific threshold amount of change. For example, the second layer of the UE may trigger transmission of the CSI information of the first layer of the UE by providing the sequence information to the first layer of the UE when the amount of change in the sensor value included in the sensor information exceeds a specific threshold amount of change. Alternatively, transmission of the sensor information based on the second layer may be triggered based on reception of a DCI and / or a CSI report command that triggers transmission / reporting of the CSI information.

[0251] And / or, the UE may receive beam information about an optimal beam for transmission of an uplink signal or reception of a downlink signal predicted based on the CSI information and the sensor information from the base station. For example, the base station may effectively align the CSI information and the sensor information in the time domain based on the synchronization information, and may calculate / predict optimal beam information that takes into account not only the current CSI value but also future CSI values, future UE locations, etc. through an AI / ML model (which takes into account not only the CSI information but also the sensor information).

[0252] Figure 24 is a diagram for explaining a method for a base station to receive sensor information and CSI information from a UE.

[0253] As described above, the base station can trigger reporting of CSI measurement / CSI information from the UE by transmitting a DCI or CSI reporting command to the UE based on the AS layer (or the first layer). In addition, the base station can receive sensor information acquired from sensors of the UE from the UE based on a higher layer of the base station than the AS layer (e.g., an application layer). The base station can predict a CSI value for the UE or predict an optimal beam for the UE by considering both the sensor information and the CSI information. For example, the base station can predict (future) CSI values ​​based on the sensor information and the CSI information using AI / ML (or an AI-based model trained to predict CSI values ​​and / or optimal beams based on the sensor information and the CSI information), or predict an optimal beam based on the predicted CSI values.

[0254] Specifically, referring to FIG. 24, the base station can receive CSI information measured by the UE from the UE (or the first layer of the UE) based on the first layer of the base station (S241). For example, the base station can instruct the UE to activate / trigger a CSI reporting configuration / CSI-RS resource / CSI-RS resource set through DCI, etc. In this case, the UE can perform measurement on a CSI-RS received from the CSI-RS resource / CSI-RS resource set and report the measured CSI measurement value or CSI information to the base station. For example, the base station can receive the CSI information through a PHY layer included in the first layer of the base station.

[0255] Next, the base station can receive sensor information from the UE based on the second layer of the base station (S243). As described above, the second layer of the base station is a layer higher than the first layer, which is the AS layer, and may be an NAS layer and / or an application layer.

[0256] Alternatively, the base station may further receive synchronization information for temporal alignment with the CSI information as well as the sensor information based on the second layer of the base station. Here, as described above, the synchronization information may be received together with the sensor information based on the sensor information being related to the CSI information. For example, when the transmission of the sensor information is triggered in conjunction with a trigger for reporting / transmitting the CSI information, or when the reporting / transmitting of the CSI information is triggered in conjunction with a trigger for transmitting the sensor information, the base station may receive the synchronization information together with the sensor information based on the second layer.

[0257] Here, the synchronization information may include a timestamp or sequence number for time domain alignment with the CSI information as described above. The timestamp may be time information that represents / defines the time at which the sensor information is acquired / collected based on at least one of a subframe index, a slot index, and a symbol index of the first layer of the UE.

[0258] Alternatively, the synchronization information may be the sequence number. In this case, the base station may receive the sensor information and the synchronization information together based on the second layer, and may also receive the CSI information and the synchronization information together based on the first layer. In this case, the first layer of the UE and the second layer of the UE may share the sequence number, and the UE may transmit the sequence number to the base station together when transmitting CSI information based on the first layer, and may also transmit the sequence number to the base station together when transmitting sensor information based on the second layer.

[0259] In this way, when synchronization information is received together with sensor information and / or CSI information, the base station can identify that the sensor information and the CSI information are information that are linked / interconnected with each other. In this case, the base station can align the sensor information and the CSI information in the time domain based on the synchronization information, and input the sensor information and the CSI information aligned in the time domain into the AI / ML (or AI-based model) to obtain predicted (future) CSI values, (future) positions of the UE, and / or predicted information on optimal beams from the AI / ML (or AI-based model). For example, the base station can easily identify whether the sensor information is provided as information required only for a second layer such as an application, or is provided for linking with CSI information, based on whether the synchronization information is additionally provided.

[0260] Next, the base station can transmit the predicted beam information based on the sensor information and the CSI information to the UE through the first layer of the base station (S245).

[0261] In this way, the proposed invention can effectively align sensor information and CSI information in the time domain by additionally providing synchronization information between sensor information and CSI information transmitted from different layers. In addition, by additionally providing the synchronization information, the proposed invention can enable the AI / ML model to effectively calculate / predict the optimal beam / transmission spatial filter for the UE by additionally considering predicted future CSI values, future UE locations, etc. by considering not only the current CSI value but also the sensor information. In addition, the proposed invention can effectively improve the prediction / inference accuracy of the optimal beam in the AI / ML model based on the sensor information and CSI information by effectively synchronizing the sensor information related to the CSI information based on the synchronization information.

[0262] Examples of communication systems to which the invention applies

[0263] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present invention disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0264] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0265] Figure 25 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

[0266] Referring to FIG. 25, a communication system (1) applied to the present invention includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices, and can be implemented in the form of HMD (Head-Mounted Device), HUD (Head-Up Display) installed in a vehicle, television, smartphone, computer, wearable device, home appliance, digital signage, vehicle, robot, etc. Mobile devices can include smartphone, smart pad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glass), computer (e.g., laptop, etc.), etc. Home appliances can include TV, refrigerator, washing machine, etc. IoT devices can include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks can also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) can act as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0267] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0268] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present invention.

[0269] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0270] Figure 26 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0271] Referring to FIG. 26, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 25.

[0272] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). In addition, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chipset designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chipset.

[0273] Specifically, a first wireless device or UE (100) may include a processor (102) and a memory (104) connected to a transceiver (106). The memory (104) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 16 to 24. The operations include transmitting channel state information (CSI) information to a base station based on a first layer of the UE (User Equipment); and transmitting sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on a second layer of the UE, wherein the sensor information may be transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information.

[0274] Alternatively, a processing device may be configured, including a processor (102) controlling a UE and a memory (104). In this case, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by the at least one processor. The operations include transmitting channel state information (CSI) information to a base station based on a first layer of the UE (User Equipment); and transmitting sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on a second layer of the UE, wherein the sensor information may be transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information. Alternatively, at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium storing programs / instructions for performing the above-described operations may be configured.

[0275] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). Furthermore, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0276] Specifically, the second wireless device or base station (200) may include a processor (202) and a memory (204) connected to a transceiver or RF transceiver (206). The memory (204) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 16 to 24. The operations include receiving channel state information (CSI) information from a user equipment (UE) based on a first layer of the base station, and receiving sensor information of the UE based on a second layer of the base station, wherein the sensor information may be received together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information.

[0277] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0278] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0279] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0280] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0281] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0282] Figure 27 illustrates another example of a wireless device applicable to the present invention. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 25).

[0283] Referring to FIG. 27, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 26 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 27. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 26. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0284] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 25, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 25, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 25, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 25, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 25, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 25, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 25, 400), a base station (Fig. 25, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0285] In FIG. 27, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and a first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0286] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0287] Figure 28 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present invention. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

[0288] Referring to FIG. 28, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 27, respectively.

[0289] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0290] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0291] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0292] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present invention in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form an embodiment of the present invention by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form an embodiment or may be incorporated as a new claim through a post-application amendment.

[0293] In this document, embodiments of the present invention have been described primarily focusing on the signal transmission and reception relationship between a terminal and a base station. This transmission and reception relationship is equally / similarly extended to signal transmission and reception between a terminal and a relay or a base station and a relay. Certain operations described as being performed by a base station in this document may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. That is, it is obvious that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network composed of multiple network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. The base station may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), and access point. In addition, the terminal may be replaced by terms such as UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station).

[0294] Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of hardware implementation, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0295] When implemented via firmware or software, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of modules, procedures, functions, etc. that perform the functions or operations described above. The software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located within or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor via various known means.

[0296] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present invention should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0297] The embodiments of the present invention as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. In the method using UE (User Equipment), A step of transmitting CSI (channel state information) information to a base station based on the first layer of the UE; and A step of transmitting sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on the second layer of the UE, A method wherein the sensor information is transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information, based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the synchronization information includes a time stamp determined based on at least one of a subframe index, a slot index, and a symbol index associated with the first layer.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above synchronization information is a sequence number related to transmission of the CSI information or the sensor information.

4. In paragraph 1, A method wherein each of the CSI information and the sensor information is transmitted to the base station together with the sequence number, based on the sequence number being set for transmission of the CSI information or the sensor information.

5. In paragraph 4, A method wherein, based on the CSI information being transmitted to the base station along with the sequence number set for transmission of the CSI information, the first layer of the UE provides the sequence number to the second layer of the UE to trigger transmission of the sensor information based on the second layer.

6. In paragraph 4, A method wherein, based on the sensor information being transmitted to the base station along with the sequence number set for transmission of the sensor information, the second layer of the UE transmits information about the sequence number to the first layer of the UE to trigger transmission of the CSI information based on the first layer of the UE.

7. In paragraph 1, A method wherein transmission of the above sensor information is triggered based on reception of downlink control information (DCI) that triggers reporting of the above CSI information.

8. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising: receiving beam information set based on the sensor information and the CSI information from the base station.

9. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first layer is an AS (Access Stratum) layer and the second layer is an application layer.

10. In at least one non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, Contains instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, The above actions are, Transmitting CSI (channel state information) information to the base station based on the first layer of the UE (User Equipment); and Including transmitting sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on the second layer of the UE, At least one non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, wherein the sensor information is transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information, based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information.

11. In UE (User Equipment), RF (Radio Frequency) transmitter and receiver; and A processor connected to the RF transceiver, The processor controls the RF transceiver to transmit channel state information (CSI) information to a base station based on a first layer of the UE, and transmits sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on a second layer of the UE, and based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information, the sensor information is transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information.

12. In a processing device that controls UE (User Equipment), at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by said at least one processor, The above actions are, Transmitting CSI (channel state information) information to the base station based on the first layer of the UE; and Including transmitting sensor information collected for the UE to the base station based on the second layer of the UE, A processing device wherein the sensor information is transmitted to the base station together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information, based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information.

13. In the method by the base station, A step of receiving CSI (channel state information) information from a UE (User Equipment) based on the first layer of the base station; and A step of receiving sensor information of the UE based on the second layer of the base station, A method wherein the sensor information is received together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information, based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information.

14. In paragraph 13, A method in which the base station aligns the CSI information and the sensor information in the time domain based on the synchronization information.

15. At the base station, RF (Radio Frequency) transmitter and receiver; and A processor connected to the RF transceiver, The processor controls the RF transceiver to receive CSI (channel state information) information from a UE (User Equipment) based on a first layer of the base station and to receive sensor information of the UE based on a second layer of the base station. A base station, wherein the sensor information is received together with synchronization information related to timing alignment with the CSI measurement information, based on the sensor information being information related to the CSI information.

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