Method by which device transmits and receives message in wireless communication system, and device therefor

Abstract

A device according to various embodiments transmits a first message including UE state information through a first interface for device-to-device communication, and transmits, to a network, a second message including the UE state information through a second interface for communication with the network, wherein transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message are determined on the basis of the type of geographic area in which the UE is located, and the type of geographic area can be determined on the basis of whether traffic condition information is received through the first interface in the geographic area.

Description

Method for transmitting and receiving messages by a device in a wireless communication system and device therefor

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for transmitting and receiving messages based on the type of a geographical area in a wireless communication system and to a device therefor.

[0002] Wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA).

[0003] Sidelink (SL) refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE), allowing voice or data to be exchanged directly between terminals without going through a base station (BS). SL is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0004] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0005] Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next-generation wireless access technologies that consider improved mobile broadband communication, massive machine type communication (MTC), and ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) can be called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0006] Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0007] In relation to V2X communication, in RATs prior to NR, methods for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM), and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) were mainly discussed. V2X messages may include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal may transmit a CAM of a periodic message type and / or a DENM of an event triggered message type to another terminal.

[0008] For example, a CAM may include basic vehicle information such as dynamic vehicle status information, such as direction and speed, static vehicle data, such as dimensions, external lighting conditions, and route history. For example, a terminal may broadcast a CAM, and the latency of the CAM may be less than 100 ms. For example, in the event of an emergency, such as a vehicle breakdown or accident, a terminal may generate a DENM and transmit it to other terminals. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the terminal may receive the CAM and / or DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higher priority than the CAM.

[0009] Since then, various V2X scenarios have been proposed in NR in relation to V2X communications. For example, various V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving.

[0010] For example, based on vehicle platooning, vehicles can dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platoon operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles in the group can receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles in the group can use this periodic data to narrow or widen the gap between vehicles.

[0011] For example, based on improved driving, vehicles can become semi-autonomous or fully automated. For example, each vehicle can adjust its trajectories or maneuvers based on data acquired from local sensors of nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. Furthermore, for example, each vehicle can share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

[0012] For example, based on extended sensors, raw data, processed data, or live video data acquired through local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical entities, pedestrian terminals, and / or V2X application servers. Thus, for example, a vehicle can perceive its environment better than it can perceive using its own sensors.

[0013] For example, based on remote driving, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control the remote vehicle for people who cannot drive or for remote vehicles located in hazardous environments. For example, in cases where the route is predictable, such as public transportation, cloud computing-based driving can be utilized to operate or control the remote vehicle. Additionally, access to a cloud-based back-end service platform, for example, can be considered for remote driving.

[0014] Meanwhile, a method to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios, such as vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, expanded sensors, and remote driving, is being discussed in NR-based V2X communication.

[0015] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for a terminal to efficiently transmit a message in a wireless communication system and a device therefor.

[0016] The technical challenges are not limited to the technical challenges mentioned above, and other technical challenges not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

[0017] A method by a UE (user equipment) according to one aspect comprises the steps of: transmitting a first message including UE status information through a first interface for direct communication between devices; and transmitting a second message including UE status information to a network through a second interface for communication with the network, wherein transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message are determined based on a type of a geographic area in which the UE is located, and the type of the geographic area can be determined based on whether traffic condition information is received through the first interface in the geographic area.

[0018] Alternatively, based on the geographical area being a geographical area in which the traffic condition information is received through the first interface, the type of the geographical area may be determined as the first type, and based on the geographical area being a geographical area in which the traffic condition information is not received through the first interface, the type of the geographical area may be determined as the second type.

[0019] Alternatively, based on the fact that the geographic area is a geographic area in which the traffic condition information is received through the first interface and the second interface, the type of the geographic area may be determined as the first type, based on the fact that the geographic area is a geographic area in which the traffic condition information is received only through the second interface among the first interface and the second interface, the type of the geographic area may be determined as the second type, and based on the fact that the geographic area is a geographic area in which the traffic condition information is not received through either the first interface or the second interface, the type of the geographic area may be determined as the third type.

[0020] Alternatively, based on the type of the geographic area being the first type, the transmission period of the first message may be set to the first transmission period, and the transmission period of the second message may be set to the second transmission period which is longer than the first transmission period.

[0021] Alternatively, based on the type of the geographic area being the first type, the transmission period of the second message may be set to the second transmission period, and based on the type of the geographic area being the second type, the transmission period of the second message may be set to the first transmission period shorter than the second transmission period.

[0022] Alternatively, based on the type of the geographic area being the third type, the transmission period of the first message may be set to the longest transmission period among the transmission periods of messages related to the first interface, and the transmission period of the second message may be set to the longest transmission period among the transmission periods of messages related to the second interface.

[0023] Alternatively, the method may further include a step of adjusting the first collision risk detection range based on the first message and the second collision risk detection range based on the second message based on the type of the geographic area.

[0024] Alternatively, based on the type of the geographic area being the first type, the first collision risk detection range may be set based on a first threshold value, and the second collision risk detection range may be set based on a second threshold value greater than the first threshold value, and based on the type of the geographic area being the second type, the first collision risk detection range may be set based on the second threshold value, and the second collision risk detection range may be set based on the first threshold value.

[0025] In another aspect, at least one non-transitory computer-readable recording medium comprises instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, perform operations, the operations comprising: transmitting a first message comprising UE status information via a first interface for direct device-to-device communication; and transmitting a second message comprising UE status information to a network via a second interface for communication with the network, wherein transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message are determined based on a type of a geographic area in which the UE is located, and the type of the geographic area can be determined based on whether traffic condition information is received via the first interface in the geographic area.

[0026] According to another aspect, a UE (user equipment) includes: a Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and a memory including at least one program that performs operations when executed by the processor, wherein the operations include transmitting a first message including UE status information through a first interface for direct device-to-device communication; and transmitting a second message including UE status information to a network through a second interface for communication with the network, wherein transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message are determined based on a type of a geographical area in which the UE is located, and the type of the geographical area can be determined based on whether traffic condition information is received through the first interface in the geographical area.

[0027] According to another aspect, a processing device for controlling a UE (user equipment) comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, the operations including transmitting a first message including UE state information through a first interface for direct device-to-device communication; and transmitting a second message including UE state information to a network through a second interface for communication with the network, wherein transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message can be determined based on a type of geographic area in which the UE is located.

[0028] According to another aspect, a method by a network comprises the steps of transmitting map information about a plurality of geographic areas and a type of each of the plurality of geographic areas; and receiving a first message including UE status information from a user equipment (UE) supporting a first interface for direct communication between devices and a second interface for communication with the network through the second interface, wherein the type of the geographic area is determined based on whether traffic condition information is provided in the first interface in the geographic area, and a reception period of the first message can be determined based on the type of the geographic area in which the UE is located.

[0029] In another aspect, at least one non-transitory computer-readable recording medium comprises instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, perform operations, the operations comprising: transmitting map information for a plurality of geographic areas and a type of each of the plurality of geographic areas; and receiving a second message including UE status information from a user equipment (UE) supporting a first interface for direct device-to-device communication and a second interface for communication with the network via the second interface, wherein the type of the geographic area is determined based on whether traffic condition information is provided in the first interface in the geographic area, and a reception period of the second message can be determined based on the type of the geographic area in which the UE is located.

[0030] According to another aspect, a network comprises: a Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and a memory including at least one program that performs operations when executed by the processor, the operations comprising: transmitting map information about a plurality of geographic areas and a type of each of the plurality of geographic areas; and receiving a first message including UE status information from a UE (user equipment) supporting a first interface for direct communication between devices and a second interface for communication with the network through a second interface, wherein the type of the geographic area can be determined based on whether traffic condition information is provided in the first interface in the geographic area.

[0031] According to another aspect, a processing device for controlling a network comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations, the operations comprising: transmitting map information for a plurality of geographic areas and a type of each of the plurality of geographic areas; and receiving a first message including UE status information from a UE (user equipment) supporting a first interface for direct communication between devices and a second interface for communication with the network through the second interface, wherein the type of the geographic area is determined based on whether traffic condition information is provided in the first interface in the geographic area, and a reception period of the first message can be determined based on the type of the geographic area in which the UE is located.

[0032] In one embodiment, a terminal in a wireless communication system can efficiently transmit and receive messages. In one example, message transmission parameters between two interfaces can be effectively adjusted based on the type / characteristics of a geographic area, based on whether traffic information is provided through the first interface.

[0033] The effects that can be obtained in various embodiments are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description below.

[0034] The drawings attached to this specification are intended to provide an understanding of the present invention, illustrate various embodiments of the present invention, and together with the description of the specification serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0036] Figure 2 shows the structure of the LTE system.

[0037] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0038] Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

[0039] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0040] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 11 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication.

[0046] Figure 12 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0047] Figure 13 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

[0048] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 16 is a drawing for explaining a hybrid UE.

[0051] Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating a method for defining a topic of the MQTT message protocol.

[0052] Figure 18 is a diagram for explaining how a hybrid UE performs communication.

[0053] FIGS. 19 to 22 are diagrams for explaining a method for controlling transmission parameters of a message and parameters of a V2X service based on a type defined in a geographical area by a UE.

[0054] FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a method for a UE to transmit a message based on a first interface and a second interface.

[0055] Figure 24 is a diagram illustrating how a network receives a message from a UE.

[0056] Figure 25 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

[0057] Figure 26 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0058] Figure 27 shows another example of a wireless device applied to the present invention.

[0059] Figure 28 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied.

[0060] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA).

[0061] Sidelink refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between user equipment (UE), allowing voice or data to be exchanged directly between terminals without going through a base station (BS). Sidelink is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0062] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0063] Meanwhile, as more and more communication devices demand greater communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that consider services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next-generation wireless access technologies that consider improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) can be called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication.

[0064] The following technologies can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, providing backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA (evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access), employing OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink.LTE-A (advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0065] 5G NR, the successor to LTE-A, is a new clean-slate mobile communications system featuring high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0066] For clarity, the description will focus on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical ideas of the embodiment(s) are not limited thereto.

[0067] Figure 2 illustrates the architecture of an applicable LTE system. This may be referred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-A system.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station (20; BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to by other terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10), and may be referred to by other terms such as an evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

[0069] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other via the X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to an EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) via the S1 interface, more specifically, to an MME (Mobility Management Entity) via the S1-MME, and to an S-GW (Serving Gateway) via the S1-U.

[0070] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information about terminal access and capabilities, and this information is primarily used for terminal mobility management. The S-GW is a gateway with the E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with the PDN as its endpoint.

[0071] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to Layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in Layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0072] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 3, the NG-RAN may include a gNB and / or an eNB that provides user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE. FIG. 7 illustrates a case where only a gNB is included. The gNB and eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNB and eNB are connected to the 5th generation core network (5G Core Network: 5GC) via the NG interface. More specifically, the gNB is connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via the NG-C interface, and the gNB is connected to the user plane function (UPF) via the NG-U interface.

[0074] Figure 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 4, radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (Half-Frames, HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms sub-frames (Subframes, SF). A sub-frame can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a sub-frame can be determined by the Subcarrier Spacing (SCS). Each slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0076] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0077] Table 1 below shows the number of symbols per slot ((N)) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame ((N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe ((N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0078] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0079] Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS when extended CP is used.

[0080] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0081] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

[0082] In NR, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS can support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS can support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. A 60 kHz or higher SCS can support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0083] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges can be FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges can be as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0084] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0085] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, such as for vehicular communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0086] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0087] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0088] Referring to Figure 5, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.

[0089] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0090] Meanwhile, the wireless interface between terminals or between terminals and a network may be composed of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the L1 layer may refer to a physical layer. Furthermore, for example, the L2 layer may refer to at least one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer. Furthermore, for example, the L3 layer may refer to an RRC layer.

[0091] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0092] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0093] - Satellite integrated network

[0094] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0095] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0096] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0097] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0098] - small cell networks

[0099] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0100] - High-capacity backhaul

[0101] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0102] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0103] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0104] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0105] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0106] Figure 7 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

[0107] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0108] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0109] - Optical wireless technology

[0110] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0111] - Quantum communication

[0112] - Cell-free communication

[0113] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0114] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0115] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0116] - Big data analysis

[0117] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0118] - metaverse

[0119] - Blockchain

[0120] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0121] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0122] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 9, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the replay payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 8 and 9 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0123] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 10 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 10 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0124] Figure 11 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication. Specifically, Figure 11 (a) illustrates the user plane protocol stack of NR, and Figure 11 (b) illustrates the control plane protocol stack of NR.

[0125] Below, the SL synchronization signal (Sidelink Synchronization Signal, SLSS) and synchronization information are described.

[0126] SLSS is an SL-specific sequence and may include a Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and a Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS). The PSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal (S-SSS). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for the S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for the S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal and acquire synchronization using the S-PSS. For example, a terminal may acquire detailed synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID using the S-PSS and the S-SSS.

[0127] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in NR V2X, for evaluating PSBCH performance, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC.

[0128] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0129] Meanwhile, in the NR SL system, multiple numerologies having different SCS and / or CP lengths may be supported. In this case, as the SCS increases, the length of the time resource for a transmitting terminal to transmit an S-SSB may become shorter. Accordingly, the coverage of the S-SSB may decrease. Therefore, in order to ensure the coverage of the S-SSB, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or more S-SSBs to a receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs that the transmitting terminal transmits to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period may be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission period may be 160 ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission period of 160 ms may be supported for all SCSs.

[0130] For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 30 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0131] For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 120 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0132] Meanwhile, when the SCS is 60 kHz, two types of CP may be supported. In addition, the structure of the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal may be different depending on the CP type. For example, the CP type may be Normal CP (NCP) or Extended CP (ECP). Specifically, for example, when the CP type is NCP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 9 or 8. On the other hand, for example, when the CP type is ECP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 7 or 6. For example, the PSBCH may be mapped to the first symbol within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal. For example, the receiving terminal receiving the S-SSB may perform an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) operation in the first symbol section of the S-SSB.

[0133] Figure 12 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0134] Referring to FIG. 12, the term "terminal" in V2X or SL communication may primarily refer to a user's terminal. However, if a network device such as a base station transmits and receives signals according to a communication method between terminals, the base station may also be considered a type of terminal. For example, terminal 1 may be a first device (100), and terminal 2 may be a second device (200).

[0135] For example, terminal 1 can select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource within a resource pool, which represents a set of resources. Then, terminal 1 can transmit an SL signal using the resource unit. For example, terminal 2, which is a receiving terminal, can be configured with a resource pool in which terminal 1 can transmit a signal, and can detect a signal from terminal 1 within the resource pool.

[0136] Here, if terminal 1 is within the connection range of the base station, the base station can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool. On the other hand, if terminal 1 is outside the connection range of the base station, another terminal can inform terminal 1 of the resource pool, or terminal 1 can use a pre-configured resource pool.

[0137] In general, a resource pool can be composed of multiple resource units, and each terminal can select one or multiple resource units to use for its SL signal transmission.

[0138] Figure 13 shows resource units for V2X or SL communication.

[0139] Referring to Figure 13, the entire frequency resources of the resource pool can be divided into NF units, and the entire time resources of the resource pool can be divided into NT units. Therefore, a total of NF * NT resource units can be defined within the resource pool. Figure 13 illustrates an example where the resource pool repeats with a cycle of NT subframes.

[0140] As illustrated in Figure 13, a single resource unit (e.g., Unit #0) may appear periodically and repeatedly. Alternatively, to achieve diversity effects in the time or frequency dimensions, the index of the physical resource unit to which a single logical resource unit is mapped may change in a predetermined pattern over time. In this resource unit structure, a resource pool may refer to a set of resource units that a terminal wishing to transmit an SL signal can use for transmission.

[0141] Resource pools can be subdivided into several categories. For example, based on the content of the SL signal transmitted from each resource pool, resource pools can be categorized as follows:

[0142] (1) Scheduling Assignment (SA) may be a signal that includes information such as the location of resources used by a transmitting terminal for transmission of an SL data channel, MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission method required for demodulation of other data channels, and TA (Timing Advance). SA may also be transmitted multiplexed with SL data on the same resource unit, in which case the SA resource pool may mean a resource pool in which SA is multiplexed with SL data and transmitted. SA may also be called an SL control channel.

[0143] (2) The SL data channel (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, PSSCH) may be a resource pool used by a transmitting terminal to transmit user data. If SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data on the same resource unit, only the SL data channel excluding SA information may be transmitted from the resource pool for the SL data channel. In other words, the REs (Resource Elements) that were used to transmit SA information on individual resource units within the SA resource pool may still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, the transmitting terminal may transmit the PSSCH by mapping it to consecutive PRBs.

[0144] (3) A discovery channel may be a resource pool for transmitting terminals to transmit information such as their IDs. Through this, transmitting terminals can enable neighboring terminals to discover them.

[0145] Even if the content of the SL signal described above is the same, different resource pools may be used depending on the transmission and reception properties of the SL signal. For example, even if it is the same SL data channel or discovery message, it may be again divided into different resource pools depending on the transmission timing determination method of the SL signal (for example, whether it is transmitted at the time of reception of a synchronization reference signal or whether it is transmitted by applying a certain timing advance at the time of reception), the resource allocation method (for example, whether the base station designates transmission resources for individual signals to individual transmitting terminals or whether individual transmitting terminals independently select individual signal transmission resources within the resource pool), the signal format (for example, the number of symbols each SL signal occupies in one subframe or the number of subframes used for transmission of one SL signal), the signal strength from the base station, the transmission power strength of the SL terminal, etc.

[0146] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0147] Referring to Figure 14, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0148] The BWP can be set by Point A, an offset from Point A (NstartBWP), and a bandwidth (NsizeBWP). For example, Point A can be an outer reference point of a PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) are aligned. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and Point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0149] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0150] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0151] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0152] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0153] Referring to (a) of FIG. 15, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S1500, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0154] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0155] In step S1510, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S1520, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S1540, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0156] Referring to (b) of FIG. 15, in resource allocation mode 2, a terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by a base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S1510, a first terminal that has selected resources by itself within a resource pool can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to a second terminal using the resources. In step S1520, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0157] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 15, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH may be referred to as a 1st SCI, a 1st SCI, a 1st-stage SCI, or a 1st-stage SCI format, and an SCI transmitted on a PSSCH may be referred to as a 2nd SCI, a 2nd SCI, a 2nd-stage SCI, or a 2nd-stage SCI format.

[0158] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 15, in step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0159] Referring to (a) of FIG. 15, in step S1540, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0160] Meanwhile, the aforementioned sidelink can be defined as terminal-to-terminal communication or direct communication between terminals. In this case, the PSCCH can be defined as a physical control channel for terminal-to-terminal communication, the PSSCH as a physical data channel or physical shared channel for terminal-to-terminal communication, and the PSFCH as a physical feedback transmission channel between terminals.

[0161] Hybrid V2X Service Map-Based Mode Setting Technique

[0162] In relation to V2X, V2X technology based on direct communication (e.g., PC5, DSRC) and V2N technology utilizing the Uu interface of the network are being developed in a mixed manner. In particular, technological development is being discussed so that terminals can support both V2X services based on direct communication and V2N services based on the Uu interface. However, in the case of direct communication technology method that requires the installation of RSU (Roadside Unit), it may be difficult to install traffic infrastructure that supports direct communication, such as RSU, throughout the country. In this regard, support for long-distance communication methods (e.g., Uu interface or V2N technology) may be required in areas where RSU that provides traffic information / traffic situation information / road situation information through direct communication is not installed, or on local roads where the installation of the RSU is difficult. Therefore, hybrid UEs need to operate in different ways depending on the service area. Below, we describe in detail how a hybrid UE determines how to operate between V2X communication based on direct communication and V2N communication with the network based on the type / characteristics of the service area.

[0163] Hereinafter, a technology for linking message operation of the V2X method based on direct communication between terminals / devices through the 5.9 GHz band and the V2N method utilizing existing networks is described in detail. For example, in order to increase the efficiency of operation of a hybrid UE / device (Hybrid device, Hybrid V2X device) that supports both the V2X method and the V2N method, a service map / type related to each communication type can be defined and managed. Hereinafter, a method for a hybrid UE to coordinate / adjust the operation method between the V2X method and the V2N method based on such a service map / type is described in detail.

[0164] FIG. 16 is a drawing for explaining a hybrid UE, FIG. 17 is a drawing for explaining a method for defining a topic of an MQTT message protocol, and FIG. 18 is a drawing for explaining a method for a hybrid UE to perform communication.

[0165] Referring to FIG. 16, an OBU (On Board Unit; 131) installed in a vehicle and a VRU (Vulnerable Road User; 132) UE installed in a vulnerable road user such as a pedestrian can exchange V2X messages through direct communication (DSRC, or PC5; first interface) via the conventional 5.9 GHz band. In addition, an RSU (120) located around a road can transmit SPaT (Signal Phase And Timing) of traffic lights, etc., map signals, or collect information of terminals such as PVD (Probe Vehicle Data) through short-range communication (320). A V2N UE may have a configuration similar to that of an OBU (221) and a VRU (222). A V2N UE does not support direct communication, but can exchange messages through a V2N server (210) using a Uu interface (410). The above Uu interface (410) may be an interface (or a second interface) used in a cellular network (or mobile communication network) with a conventional base station.

[0166] A hybrid UE (HUE or HD UE; 500) is capable of not only direct communication between terminals (or short-range communication), but also exchanges V2N messages via a V2N server (210) using a Uu interface (e.g., cellular network or long-range communication).

[0167] For example, when operating messages between a server and a UE using a conventional mobile communication network, the hybrid UE can transmit messages to a wider area due to the characteristics of broadband communication. However, the hybrid UE may need to check the location and status of UEs existing in the vicinity in order to transmit messages to an area of ​​interest. For such V2N service, message exchange with a V2N server (or network) capable of Geocast may be required. To this end, the V2N server / network can exchange messages from various anonymous UEs using the MQTT message protocol developed for message exchange between clients. The MQTT standard is a method of exchanging messages based on publication and subscription, and the network / server (or broker) can perform the role of relaying messages between clients. As a client, a UE can transmit a message by publishing a message with a specific topic (e.g., a specific publication topic), and a V2N server supporting the MQTT function can deliver / relay the message to UEs that have subscribed to a subscription topic corresponding to the publication topic of the message.

[0168] Here, the topic can be defined to be distinguished by communicable zone / geographic area using the QuadTree ID method. In this case, a geocasting communication method using tile information can be used between the V2N server / network and the client UE. The tile information can correspond to a geographic area on a square map. For example, referring to FIG. 17, the entire world size is defined as a level 0 geographic area / tile, and a geographic area / tile obtained by dividing the level 0 geographic area / tile into four squares can be defined as a level 1 geographic area / tile, and a geographic area / tile obtained by dividing each of the level 1 geographic areas / tiles into four squares can be defined as a level 2 geographic area / tile. In this manner, higher-level geographic areas / tiles can be defined by dividing the geographic areas / tiles into four squares, and a unique distinguishing value can be set for each geographic area / tile. For example, in relation to V2N communication, the geographic areas / tiles of level 18 illustrated in Fig. 17 are commonly used.

[0169] A unique ID (or QuadTree ID) value can be defined / set for each geographic area / tile divided by the QuadTree ID method described above. In this case, in an MQTT-based network, the Quadtree ID can be defined as a topic for MQTT, and V2X messages can be geocasted through the topic.

[0170] Meanwhile, installation of RSU may be required for services based on short-range communication. Specifically, referring to Fig. 18, V2X service may be possible in areas where RSUs are installed. However, V2X service based on short-range communication may not be possible in areas such as rural areas where RSUs are not installed. In this case, V2N communication based on existing mobile communication networks may be utilized to expand the service area of ​​V2X service. For this purpose, transportation infrastructure (e.g., transportation centers) and V2N servers / networks may store map information for multiple service areas in advance (into a database). In this case, the V2N servers / networks may change transmission parameters for device communication in each of the multiple service areas.

[0171] A method for configuring a service area map / map information is proposed in a method of managing it in the form of a mobile communication map tile (e.g., a method of managing it into geographic areas segmented by the QuadTree ID method as illustrated in FIG. 17). Conventional V2N techniques have managed geographic areas or zones based on tile IDs to identify the location of devices. Based on this, service types / service types can be databased for each tile / geographic area information according to the service status. Service types / service types can be classified and managed into three types / forms as follows.

[0172] - Type 1: This may be an area where terminal services are fully provided through Short range / Device-to-Device Direct Communication (hereinafter, the first communication method via the first interface) due to the presence of an RSU. For example, a Type 1 geographical area may refer to an area where an RSU is installed and all services can be provided. In other words, a Type 1 geographical area may be an area where information on road conditions / traffic conditions can be received through the first communication method. In a Type 1 geographical area, a hybrid UE that supports both the first communication method of direct device-to-device communication and the Long range (or, Uu communication; hereinafter, the second communication method) may operate the first communication method with priority and the second communication method may be operated auxiliary. For example, in a Type 1 geographical area, a hybrid UE may receive road condition information (e.g., road signal information, road accident information, road construction information, etc.) from an RSU (or Infrastructure) through the first communication method, and may receive vehicle condition information from surrounding vehicles.

[0173] - Type 2: The geographical area of ​​Type 2 may be an area where V2X services related to the driving of the UE cannot be fully provided through the first communication method because no RSU is installed. However, the geographical area of ​​Type 2 may be a geographical area where road condition information for the geographical area can be collected / acquired from a traffic center / traffic infrastructure even if no RSU is installed. In this case, the hybrid UE cannot receive road condition information from the RSU through the first communication method because no RSU is installed, but can acquire surrounding vehicle condition information from surrounding vehicles through the first communication method (or V2V communication). In this case, in the geographical area of ​​Type 2, the hybrid UE can operate the second communication method as a primary communication method, equivalent to the first communication method in the geographical area of ​​Type 1. For example, I2V messages (e.g., messages for sharing road condition information for V2X services) received through an RSU in a second type of geographical area can be provided from the network through a second communication method (e.g., V2N method), and the hybrid UE can adjust / change parameters related to the second communication method (e.g., transmission cycle, threshold (related to collision risk detection / judgment), etc.) to be identical to the parameters of the first communication method.

[0174] - Type 3: Type 3 geographic areas may be areas where road condition information is not provided via the first communication method due to the lack of installed RSUs, and where road condition information is not provided via the second communication method either. In Type 3 geographic areas, the transmission parameters of the first and second communication methods can be adjusted so that the utilization of both the first and second communication methods is reduced.

[0175] Below, a method for controlling the transmission parameters of a message and / or parameters of a V2X service (e.g., collision risk warning service, collision avoidance service, etc.) according to the above type is described in detail.

[0176] FIGS. 19 to 22 are diagrams for explaining a method for controlling transmission parameters of a message and parameters of a V2X service based on a type defined in a geographical area by a UE.

[0177] Specifically, referring to FIG. 19, the type of geographic area / service can be set for each geographic area or zone described above. In this way, when a Geo-Cast DB is managed, service types can be defined for each geographic area or zone. The DB defined in this way can be used to determine / judge the service type of the corresponding geographic area / zone based on location and zone, and can be managed by a transportation center and / or V2N server (network).

[0178] In this case, the traffic center and / or V2N server (network) can transmit information about the service type defined for each geographical area / zone to the UE, and the UE can control / adjust transmission / reception parameters and / or service parameters according to the service type to maximize / optimize the provision effect of the V2X service. Alternatively, the network may expect the UE to directly determine the type / service type of the geographical area based on whether traffic condition information, etc. is received from the traffic infrastructure such as the RSU through the first communication method and / or the second communication method.

[0179] Specifically, the UE (or hybrid UE or transmitting UE) can adjust / control the transmission cycle of the modem based on the first communication method (or short range) and the modem based on the second communication method (or long range) according to the service type based on its location and the received DB (or setting information for the service type by geographical area / zone). For example, the UE can adjust the message transmission cycle of the first communication method and the message transmission cycle of the second communication method according to the service type as defined in Table 5.

[0180] Type / Transfer Rate1st Communication Method (Short Range)2nd Communication Method (Long Range)Type 1Rate #1 (high)Rate #2 (low)Type 2Rate #1 (high)Rate #1 (high)Type 3Rate #2 (Low)Rate #2 (Low)

[0181] As shown in Table 5, in an area where a V2X service based on the first communication method is provided (e.g., a first type of geographical area where road condition information / traffic condition information is received / transmitted via the first communication method), the transmission rate of a message based on the first communication method can be increased (or, a message can be transmitted with a short transmission period), and the transmission rate of a message based on the second communication method can be decreased (or, a message can be transmitted with a long transmission period). In this case, the UE can receive a V2X service via the first communication method, and can also receive a V2X service via the second communication method as an auxiliary method. In contrast, in the second type of geographical area, the second communication method can be the main communication method for providing the V2X service. In this case, unlike the first type of geographical area, the transmission rate of a message based on the second communication method can be increased (or, a message can be transmitted with a shorter transmission period than in the case of the first type). Finally, for the third type of geographical area, both the transmission cycle of the message based on the first communication method and the transmission cycle of the message based on the second communication method can be increased, thereby effectively reducing the transmission load of the message while preventing unnecessary power consumption in the UE.

[0182] For example, referring to FIG. 20, the UE can control the transmission cycle of a V2X message (e.g., a message based on a first communication method) and a V2N message (e.g., a message based on a second communication method) based on the type / service type of a geographic area. For example, the UE can adjust the transmission cycle of a V2X message to a first V2X ratio in a first type of geographic area, and adjust the transmission cycle of a V2N message to a second V2N ratio. In this case, the transmission cycle of a V2X message may be reduced, and the transmission cycle of a V2N message may be increased, as illustrated in FIG. 20. When located in a second type of geographic area, the UE can maintain the transmission cycle of a V2X message, but adjust the transmission cycle of a V2N message from the second V2N ratio to the first V2N ratio. In this case, the transmission cycle of a V2X message may be maintained, and the transmission cycle of a V2N message may be reduced. Alternatively, when located in a third type of geographic area, the UE may adjust the transmission period of the V2X message to the second V2X ratio and adjust the transmission period of the V2N message to the second V2N ratio. In this case, the transmission period of the V2X message and the transmission period of the V2N message may increase.

[0183] And / or, as defined in Table 6, the Hybrid UE may adjust / control the operation algorithm of the application or the parameters related to the V2X service depending on the type of the geographical area. For example, in the case of a V2X service that warns of a forward collision based on a received message, the threshold time / threshold distance at which the notification of the forward collision is triggered may be changed / adjusted depending on the type of the geographical area. In Table 6, values ​​may be set in the order of Threshold #1, Threshold #2, and Threshold #3 (e.g., Threshold #1 is the smallest threshold time / threshold distance, and Threshold #3 is the largest threshold time / threshold distance).

[0184] Type / Warning Time (Threshold Time)First Communication Method (Short Range)Second Communication Method (Long Range)Type 1Threshold #1Threshold #2Type 2Threshold #2Threshold #1Type 3Threshold #3Threshold #3

[0185] Specifically, referring to FIG. 21, the threshold value may be set to one of Threshold #1, Threshold #2, and Threshold #3. In a first type of geographic area, since the reliability of the information (e.g., road condition information, traffic condition information, status information of peripheral devices) of the message provided through the first communication method is high, the threshold value of the collision notification according to the first communication method may be set / adjusted to Threshold #1. In the case of the second communication method, since the reliability is high in the second type of geographic area, the threshold value of the collision notification according to the second communication method may be set / adjusted to Threshold #2. In the case of being located in a third type of geographic area, since the reliability of the information provided through the first and second communication methods may be low, the threshold values ​​of the collision notification according to the first and second communication methods may be set to Threshold #3.

[0186] Type information based on map / geographic area is managed by V2N server (or MQTT server) / traffic center, and UEs receiving V2N service can receive type information based on map / geographic area through subscription data from the V2N server or update (MQTT layer). In addition, the V2N server can transmit a V2N message including the type information in the map type (maptype) field of the SoftV2X packet to the UE. For example, referring to FIG. 22, map type / type information can be provided through the extension field of the SoftV2X packet.

[0187] The first type of geographic area (or short range service area and RSU area) can be preset according to the installation environment of the traffic infrastructure such as RSU, and can be input as a preliminary task when providing V2N service. In addition, when the type of geographic area changes due to the installation of a new RSU or the failure of a specific RSU, the hybrid UE can dynamically update / change the type of geographic area by detecting the reception status of the RSU's message in the first communication method when the V2X service is initiated.

[0188] FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a method for a UE to transmit a message based on a first interface and a second interface.

[0189] As described above, the UE may be a hybrid UE capable of performing both an operation of transmitting a V2X message through a first interface (e.g., a first communication method) for direct communication between UEs / devices and an operation of transmitting a V2N message to the network through a second interface (e.g., a second communication method). As described above, the first interface is an interface capable of performing direct communication between devices / UEs, such as PC5 or DSRC, and may be an interface according to a short range communication method capable of directly transmitting a message including UE status information to neighboring UEs / devices. The second interface is a Uu interface, which is an interface used to transmit a message including UE status information to neighboring UEs / devices through a relay of the network. The second interface may be an interface according to the long range communication method described above. In this way, the UE can directly transmit its status information to neighboring devices / UEs through the first interface, while transmitting its status information to neighboring devices / UEs through a relay of the network through the second interface.

[0190] As described above, the UE can receive map information (or map DB) for multiple geographic areas / tiles distinguished by the QuadTree ID method from the network, determine a geographic area and / or an issue topic related to the location of the UE based on the map information, and perform communication with the network by a geocasting communication method based on the issue topic. Alternatively, the map information may further include information on the type / service type of the corresponding geographic area for each geographic area / tile. Alternatively, the UE can directly determine the type / service type of the geographic area in which it is located based on which interface the traffic condition information / road condition information is received.

[0191] Specifically, referring to FIG. 23, the UE may transmit a first message including the UE status information via a first interface for direct device-to-device communication (S231). As described above, the first message is a message for directly conveying the UE status information to peripheral devices / UEs, and may be a message such as a CAM, VAM, PSM, or BSM.

[0192] Next, the UE may transmit a second message including the UE status information to the network via the second interface (S233). As described above, the second message may be a V2N message and may be a message based on the MQTT protocol. For example, the second message may include a payload of the UE status information, but may also include an MQTT header related to the MQTT protocol, and the MQTT header may include a publication topic. In this case, the second message may be delivered / transmitted to peripheral devices / UEs that subscribe to a subscription topic related to the publication topic via the network.

[0193] In addition, the UE may set / determine the transmission parameters of the first message and / or the transmission parameters of the second message based on the type of the geographic area in which the UE is located. Here, the type of the geographic area may be determined based on whether traffic condition information / road condition information related to the geographic area is received through the first interface (and / or the second interface) in the geographic area in which the UE is located. For example, if the geographic area is a geographic area in which the traffic condition information / road condition information is received through the first interface (or the first interface and the second interface), the type of the geographic area may be set / defined / determined as the first type. Alternatively, if the geographic area is a geographic area in which the traffic condition information / road condition information is not received through the first interface, the type of the geographic area may be set / defined / determined as the second type. Alternatively, if the geographical area is a geographical area in which the traffic condition information / road condition information is received only through the second interface among the first interface and the second interface, the type of the geographical area may be set / defined / determined as the second type. If the geographical area is a geographical area in which the traffic condition information / road condition information is not received through both the first interface and the second interface, the type of the geographical area may be set / defined / determined as the third type. The type of the geographical area may be set / defined through the above-described map information, or may be directly determined / defined based on whether the UE receives the traffic condition information / road condition information and / or the type of interface through which the traffic condition information / road condition information is received. Meanwhile, the traffic condition information / road condition information may be received through the first interface from a traffic infrastructure device such as an RSU located / set in the geographical area as described above.

[0194] Specifically, the UE can determine whether the type of the geographical area in which it is located is the first type or the second type (or the first type, the second type, or the third type) in order to set / determine the transmission parameters of the first message and / or the transmission parameters of the second message. If the type of the geographical area is the first type, the UE can set the transmission period of the first message to the first transmission period, and set the transmission period of the second message to the second transmission period that is longer than the first transmission period. For example, if the type of the geographical area is the first type, the UE can set the transmission period of the first message to the shortest transmission period among the transmission periods set for message transmission through the first interface, and set the transmission period of the second message to the longest transmission period among the transmitted transmission periods for message transmission through the second interface. For example, if the type of the geographical area is the first type, the UE can set the transmission period of the first message to be as short as possible while setting the transmission period of the second message to be as long as possible. In this case, the UE can increase the utilization of the first interface in the V2X service while decreasing the utilization of the second interface. This is to prevent unnecessary power consumption by a hybrid UE supporting both interfaces by decreasing the utilization of one interface based on geographical characteristics, while preventing unnecessary load related to the second interface from increasing.

[0195] Alternatively, when the type of the geographical area is the first type, the UE may set the transmission period of the second message to the second transmission period, and when the type of the geographical area is the second type, the transmission period of the second message may be set to the first transmission period shorter than the second transmission period. Alternatively, when the type of the geographical area is the third type, the UE may set the longest transmission period among the transmission periods of the message related to the first interface to the transmission period of the first message, and may also set the transmission period of the second message to the longest transmission period among the transmission periods of the message related to the second interface. In this case, the UE may minimize unnecessary power consumption by reducing the transmission frequency of messages through the two interfaces as much as possible in consideration of the characteristics of the geographical area where the V2X service is not properly provided through the two interfaces.

[0196] Alternatively, the UE may adjust the first collision risk detection range (e.g., collision threshold distance, collision threshold time) based on the first message and the second collision risk detection range (e.g., collision threshold distance, collision threshold time) based on the second message based on the type of the geographic area. For example, when the type of the geographic area is the first type, the UE may set the first collision risk detection range based on a first threshold value, and set the second collision risk detection range based on a second threshold value greater than the first threshold value. Alternatively, when the type of the geographic area is the second type, the UE may set the first collision risk detection range based on the second threshold value, and set the second collision risk detection range based on the first threshold value. For example, the UE may effectively adjust the sensitivity of collision risk detection through each interface according to the characteristics of the type of the geographic area.

[0197] Figure 24 is a diagram illustrating how a network receives a message from a UE.

[0198] Referring to FIG. 24, the network may transmit map information regarding a plurality of geographic areas and the type of each of the plurality of geographic areas to the UE (S241). As described above, the plurality of geographic areas are distinguished using the QuadTree ID method, and a publication topic may be set for each geographic area. In addition, the network may define / set the type of geographic area for each of the plurality of geographic areas. For example, the network may define / set at least one geographic area among the plurality of geographic areas, for which traffic condition information may be provided through a first interface (and / or the first interface and the second interface), as a first type of geographic area, and may define / set at least one geographic area among the first and second interfaces, for which traffic condition information may be provided only through the second interface, as a second type of geographic area. In addition, the network may define at least one geographic area among the plurality of geographic areas, for which traffic condition information is not provided through both the first and second interfaces, as a third type of geographic area.

[0199] Next, the network may receive a second message including UE status information from the UE via the second interface (S243). As described above, the UE may be a hybrid UE supporting a first interface for direct device-to-device communication and a second interface for communication with the network. In this case, the network may estimate a transmission period of the second message or determine a reception period of the second message based on the type of geographic area in which the UE is located. For example, the network may receive the second message at a shorter period when the type of geographic area in which the UE is located is the second type than when it is the first type.

[0200] In this way, the proposed invention can dynamically adjust the message transmission parameters between the two interfaces by determining the type of geographic area based on whether traffic condition information is provided through the first interface. In addition, the proposed invention can minimize unnecessary increases in communication load due to message transmission through the specific interface with low utilization by significantly increasing the transmission period of a specific interface with low utilization among the first and second interfaces based on the type of geographic area. In addition, the proposed invention can minimize power consumption of the UE in the geographic area by maximally increasing the transmission period of messages transmitted through the first and second interfaces in the geographic area where V service is not properly provided through the first and second interfaces.

[0201] Examples of communication systems to which the invention applies

[0202] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present invention disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0203] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0204] Figure 25 illustrates a communication system applied to the present invention.

[0205] Referring to FIG. 25, a communication system (1) applied to the present invention includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices, and can be implemented in the form of HMD (Head-Mounted Device), HUD (Head-Up Display) installed in a vehicle, television, smartphone, computer, wearable device, home appliance, digital signage, vehicle, robot, etc. Mobile devices can include smartphone, smart pad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glass), computer (e.g., laptop, etc.), etc. Home appliances can include TV, refrigerator, washing machine, etc. IoT devices can include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks can also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) can act as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0206] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0207] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present invention.

[0208] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0209] Figure 26 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0210] Referring to FIG. 26, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 25.

[0211] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). In addition, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chipset designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chipset.

[0212] Specifically, a first wireless device or UE (100) may include a processor (102) and a memory (104) connected to a transceiver (106). The memory (104) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 16 to 24. The operations include transmitting a first message including UE state information via a first interface for direct device-to-device communication; and transmitting a second message including UE state information to a network via a second interface for communication with the network, wherein transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message may be determined based on a type of geographic area in which the UE is located.

[0213] Alternatively, a processing device may be configured, including a processor (102) and a memory (104) for controlling a first base station. In this case, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations, wherein the operations include transmitting a first message including UE status information via a first interface for direct device-to-device communication; and transmitting a second message including UE status information to a network via a second interface for communication with the network, wherein transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message may be determined based on a type of geographic area in which the UE is located. Alternatively, at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon programs / instructions for performing the above-described operations may be configured.

[0214] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). Furthermore, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0215] Specifically, the second wireless device or network (200) may include a processor (202) and a memory (204) connected to a transceiver or RF transceiver (206). The memory (204) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 16 to 24. The operations include transmitting map information for a plurality of geographic areas and a type of each of the plurality of geographic areas; and receiving a first message including UE status information from a user equipment (UE) supporting a first interface for direct device-to-device communication and a second interface for communication with the network via the second interface, wherein the type of the geographic area may be determined based on whether traffic condition information is provided in the first interface in the geographic area.

[0216] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0217] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0218] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0219] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0220] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0221] Figure 27 illustrates another example of a wireless device applicable to the present invention. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 25).

[0222] Referring to FIG. 27, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 26 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 27. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 26. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0223] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 25, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 25, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 25, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 25, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 25, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 25, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 25, 400), a base station (Fig. 25, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0224] In FIG. 27, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and a first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0225] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0226] Figure 28 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present invention. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

[0227] Referring to FIG. 28, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 27, respectively.

[0228] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0229] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0230] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0231] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present invention in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form an embodiment of the present invention by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form an embodiment or may be incorporated as a new claim through a post-application amendment.

[0232] In this document, embodiments of the present invention have been described primarily focusing on the signal transmission and reception relationship between a terminal and a base station. This transmission and reception relationship is equally / similarly extended to signal transmission and reception between a terminal and a relay or a base station and a relay. Certain operations described as being performed by a base station in this document may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. That is, it is obvious that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network composed of multiple network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. The base station may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), and access point. In addition, the terminal may be replaced by terms such as UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station).

[0233] Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of hardware implementation, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0234] When implemented via firmware or software, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of modules, procedures, functions, etc. that perform the functions or operations described above. The software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located within or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor via various known means.

[0235] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present invention should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0236] The embodiments of the present invention as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. In the method by UE (user equipment), A step of transmitting a first message including UE status information through a first interface for direct communication between devices; and comprising a step of transmitting a second message including UE status information to the network through a second interface for communication with the network; The transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message are determined based on the type of geographic area in which the UE is located, A method wherein the type of the geographic area is determined based on whether traffic condition information is received through the first interface in the geographic area.

2. In paragraph 1, Based on the fact that the above geographic area is a geographic area in which the traffic situation information is received through the first interface, the type of the above geographic area is determined as the first type, A method wherein the type of the geographic area is determined to be the second type based on the fact that the geographic area is a geographic area in which the traffic situation information is not received through the first interface.

3. In paragraph 1, Based on the fact that the above geographic area is a geographic area in which the traffic situation information is received through the first interface and the second interface, the type of the above geographic area is determined as the first type, Based on the fact that the above geographic area is a geographic area in which the traffic situation information is received only through the second interface among the first interface and the second interface, the type of the above geographic area is determined as the second type, A method wherein the type of the geographic area is determined to be a third type based on the fact that the geographic area is a geographic area in which the traffic condition information is not received from both the first interface and the second interface.

4. In paragraph 2, A method wherein, based on the type of the geographic area being the first type, the transmission period of the first message is set to the first transmission period, and the transmission period of the second message is set to the second transmission period which is longer than the first transmission period.

5. In paragraph 2, Based on the type of the above geographic area being the first type, the transmission period of the second message is set to the second transmission period, A method wherein, based on the type of the geographic area being the second type, the transmission period of the second message is set to a first transmission period that is shorter than the second transmission period.

6. In paragraph 3, A method wherein, based on the type of the geographic area being the third type, the transmission period of the first message is set to the longest transmission period among the transmission periods of messages associated with the first interface, and the transmission period of the second message is set to the longest transmission period among the transmission periods of messages associated with the second interface.

7. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising: adjusting a first collision risk detection range based on the first message and a second collision risk detection range based on the second message based on the type of the geographic area.

8. In paragraph 7, Based on the type of the above geographic area being the first type, the first collision risk detection range is set based on a first threshold value, and the second collision risk detection range is set based on a second threshold value greater than the first threshold value. A method wherein the first collision risk detection range is set based on the second threshold value, and the second collision risk detection range is set based on the first threshold value, based on the type of the geographic area being the second type.

9. In at least one non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, Contains instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, The above actions are, Transmitting a first message containing UE status information via a first interface for direct communication between devices; and Including transmitting a second message including UE status information to the network via a second interface for communication with the network, The transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message are determined based on the type of geographic area in which the UE is located, At least one non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, wherein the type of the geographic area is determined based on whether traffic condition information is received through the first interface in the geographic area.

10. In UE (user equipment), RF(Radio Frequency) transmitter and receiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and a memory comprising at least one program that performs operations when executed by the processor; The above actions are, Transmitting a first message containing UE status information via a first interface for direct communication between devices; and Including transmitting a second message including UE status information to the network via a second interface for communication with the network, The transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message are determined based on the type of geographic area in which the UE is located, The type of the above geographic area is determined based on whether traffic condition information is received through the first interface in the above geographic area.

11. In a processing device that controls UE (user equipment), at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by said at least one processor, The above actions are, Transmitting a first message containing UE status information via a first interface for direct communication between devices; and Including transmitting a second message including UE status information to the network via a second interface for communication with the network, The transmission parameters of each of the first message and the second message are determined based on the type of geographic area in which the UE is located, A processing device wherein the type of the geographic area is determined based on whether traffic condition information is received through the first interface in the geographic area.

12. In the method by network, A step of transmitting map information about a plurality of geographic areas and a type of each of the plurality of geographic areas; and A step of receiving a first message including UE status information from a UE (user equipment) supporting a first interface for direct communication between devices and a second interface for communication with the network through the second interface, The type of the above geographic area is determined based on whether traffic situation information is provided in the above first interface in the geographic area, A method wherein the reception period of the first message is determined based on the type of geographic area in which the UE is located.

13. In at least one non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, Contains instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, The above actions are, Transmitting map information about a plurality of geographic areas and the type of each geographic area of ​​the plurality of geographic areas; and Receiving a second message including UE status information from a UE (user equipment) supporting a first interface for direct communication between devices and a second interface for communication with the network through the second interface, The type of the above geographic area is determined based on whether traffic situation information is provided in the above first interface in the geographic area, At least one non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, wherein the reception period of the second message is determined based on the type of geographic area in which the UE is located.

14. In the network, RF(Radio Frequency) transmitter and receiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and a memory comprising at least one program that performs operations when executed by the processor; The above actions are, Transmitting map information about a plurality of geographic areas and the type of each geographic area of ​​the plurality of geographic areas; and Including receiving a first message including UE status information from a UE (user equipment) supporting a first interface for direct communication between devices and a second interface for communication with the network through the second interface, The type of the above geographic area is determined based on whether traffic situation information is provided in the above first interface in the geographic area, A network in which the reception period of the first message is determined based on the type of geographic area in which the UE is located.

15. In a processing device that controls a network, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by said at least one processor, The above actions are, Transmitting map information about a plurality of geographic areas and the type of each geographic area of ​​the plurality of geographic areas; and Including receiving a first message including UE status information from a UE (user equipment) supporting a first interface for direct communication between devices and a second interface for communication with the network through the second interface, The type of the above geographic area is determined based on whether traffic situation information is provided in the above first interface in the geographic area, A processing device wherein the reception period of the first message is determined based on the type of geographic area in which the UE is located.

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